Institute of Anatomy
Neuroanatomy ll
Irmgard Amrein HS12
9/25/2012 Page 1 Table of Contents
– Hippocampus and Amygdala – Diencephalon – Midbrain – Pons – Medulla oblongata – Cerebellum – Cross sections of the human brain – Functional systems
Page 2 Hippocampus and Amygdala
Page 3 Diencephalon
Epithalamus Epithelial roof of the third ventricle, habenula, pineal body and afferent/efferent connections, including striae medullares.
(dorsal) Thalamus Large mass of relay nuclei for reciprocal information flow between subcortical areas and telencephalon.
Subthalamus Continuation of the tegmentum, with several nuclei including the pars reticulata of the substantia nigra. Functionally part of the basal ganglia.
Hypothalamus Extends from the optic chiasm to the mammillary bodies. Contains a multitude of nuclei (e.g. suprachiasmatic nucleus, mammilary bodies) Picture adapted from Nieuwenhuys, 1988. Page 4 Diencephalon
Thalamus
Limbic Frontal Parietal lobe & Associative system lobe Cingulate gyrus cortices
medial anterior lateral
posterior Pulvinar v e n t r a l auditory stimuli medial geniculate nucl. Basal ganglia Sensory lateral geniculate nucl. Cerebellum input Visual stimuli Picture adapted from Martini et al 2012. Page 5 Midbrain
1 Tectum (roof) Superior colliculus (visual and oculomotor reflexes) Inferior colliculus (relay auditory tract)
2 Tegmentum (floor) Multisynaptic network, contains (among others!) 3 reticular formation 4 red nucleus 5 substantia nigra
1 2
3
4 5
Picture adapted from Nieuwenhuys, 1988. Page 6 Pons
pineal gland ventral dorsal Pulvinar Thalamus
optic tract superior colliculus lateral geniculate inferior colliculus nucl. medial geniculate mammillary body nucl. Pons Cerebellar peduncles
Pictures adapted from Nieuwenhuys, 1988
Page 7 Medulla oblongata
ventral/anterior dorso-lateral
Olive C. heart/ circulation C. respiration Pyramid
Olive Nucleus cuneatus Pyramid Nucleus gracilis Reticular formation
Pictures adapted from Anatomie, Martini et al.
Page 8 Cerebellum Dorsal
Vermis anterior lobe
posterior lobe
Ventral superior cerebellar tract: efferent from deep cerebellar nuclei to spinal cord (descending) and Midbrain/Diencephalon (ascending) middle cerebellar tract: afferent from cortex inferior/lower cerebellar tract: afferent and efferent
Flocculus
Page 9 Pictures adapted from Nieuwenhuys 1991 Nodulus Coronal section l
1 caudate nucleus 2 claustrum 3 corpus callosum 4 external capsule 5 extreme capsule 6 internal capsule 7 lateral fissure 8 lateral ventricle 9 putamen 10 septum pellucidum 11 temporal lobe
Page 10 Coronal section l
1 caudate nucleus 2 claustrum 10 4 3 corpus callosum 8 3 4 external capsule 1 2 5 extreme capsule 7 6 9 6 internal capsule 5 7 lateral fissure 8 lateral ventricle 9 putamen 11 10 septum pellucidum 11 temporal lobe
Page 11 Coronal section ll
1 anterior commissure 2 caudate nucleus 3 claustrum 4 corpus callosum 5 external capsule 6 extreme capsule 7 fornix 8 globus pallidus 9 insula 10 internal capsule 11 lateral fissure 12 lateral ventricle 13 optic chiasm 14 putamen 15 temporal lobe 16 3. ventricle
Page 12 Coronal section ll
1 anterior commissure 2 caudate nucleus 3 claustrum 4 corpus callosum 5 external capsule 6 extreme capsule 4 2 5 7 fornix 12 8 globus pallidus 11 10 3 9 14 9 insula 8 10 internal capsule 11 lateral fissure 6 13 12 lateral ventricle 15 1 16 7 13 optic chiasm 14 putamen 15 temporal lobe 16 3. ventricle
Page 13 Coronal section lll
1 caudate nucleus 2 corpus callosum 3 fornix 4 globus pallidus (GPe, GPi) 5 hippocampus 6 insula 7 internal capsule 8 mammillary body 9 putamen 10 parahippocampal gyrus 11 subthalamic nucelus 12 thalamus
Page 14 Coronal section lll
1 caudate nucleus 2 corpus callosum 3 fornix 4 globus pallidus (GPe, GPi) 5 hippocampus 6 insula 2 1 3 7 internal capsule 8 mammillary body 6 9 7 12 9 putamen 4 10 parahippocampal gyrus 11 11 subthalamic nucelus 5 12 thalamus 8
10
Page 15 Coronal section lV
1 cerebral peduncle 2 fornix 3 Hippocampus 4 nucleus ruber 5 pons 6 subthalamic nucleus 7 substantia nigra 8 Thalamus, medial nuclei 9 Thalamus, lateral nuclei 10 3. ventricle
Page 16 Coronal section lV
1 cerebral peduncle 2 fornix 3 Hippocampus 4 nucleus ruber 2 5 pons 6 subthalamic nucleus 7 substantia nigra 8 9 10 8 Thalamus, medial nuclei 4 6 9 Thalamus, lateral nuclei 10 3. ventricle 1 7 3
5
Page 17 ______section
1 anterior commissure 2 caudate nucleus 3 fornix 4 frontal lobe 5 globus pallidus 6 habenula 7 hippocampus 8 insula 9 internal capsule 10 lateral ventricle, inferior horn 11 Occipital lobe 12 Optic radiation 13 pulvinar nuclei (thalamus) 14 putamen 15 superior colliculus 16 thalamus
Page 18 Horizontal section
1 anterior commissure 2 caudate nucleus 4 3 fornix 4 frontal lobe 3 5 globus pallidus 9 1 6 habenula 2 7 hippocampus 14 8 insula 8 5 9 internal capsule 10 lateral ventricle, inferior horn 16 11 Occipital lobe 6 12 Optic radiation 13 13 pulvinar nuclei (thalamus) 10 14 putamen 7 15 superior colliculus 12 15 16 thalamus
11
Page 19 Auditory system
lateral fissure insula
medial geniculate nucleus
Midbrain inferior colliculus
commissure lransverse temporal gyrus (Heschl's gyri)
lateral lemniscus 200 Hz lateral lemniscus Ncl. posterior cochlear Ncl.
Inner ear
Medulla oblongata spinal ganglion cochlear nerve anterior cochlear Ncl. Pictures adapted from Prometheus 2009 Page 20 Motor system: principles
Associative cortex planning
cerebellum Basal programming ganglia
Pre-motor cortex
Primary motor cortex
execution
cerebellum Pyramidal tracts feedback
control Somatosensory information Pictures adapted from Prometheus 2009 Page 21 Motor system: pyramidal tract
leg caudate nucleus, tail leg arm globus pallidus torso arm face face thalamus internal capsule caudate nucleus, head Corticospinal fibres
Pons leg torso Medulla oblongata arm face decussation of pyramids
leg lateral corticospinal tract torso arm anterior corticospinal tract
Pictures adapted from Prometheus 2009 Page 22 Motor system: fine-tuning by the basal ganglia
suppl. motor cortex primary motor cortex
pre- motor cortex
Cortical efferent tract to brain stem and spinal cord
thalamus putamen
subthalamic globus pallidus (GPe) nucleus globus pallidus (GPi)
Pictures adapted from Prometheus 2009 Page 23 Substantia nigra (pars compacta and reticulate) on-line resources and literature
Brain atlas and database: https://www.msu.edu/~brains/brains/index.html http://brainmaps.org/index.php?p=datasets-species http://www.brain-map.org/
Literature:
Martini FH, Timmons MJ & Tallitsch RB. Anatomie. Pearson (D) Martini FH, Timmons MJ & Tallitsch RB. Human Anatomy. Pearson (EN)
Prometheus, LernAtlas der Anatomie, Kopf, Hals und Neuroanatomie, Thieme
Sobotta, Atlas, Kopf, Hals und Neuroanatomie, Urban & Fischer
Nieuwenhuys, Voogd, van Huijzen. Das Zentralnervensystem des Menschen, Springer
For questions, criticisms, suggestions -> [email protected]
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