Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues. Project number:2016‐1‐ES01‐KA202‐025204
THIS PROJECT HAS BEEN FUNDED WITH SUPPORT FROM THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION. THIS TUTORIAL REFLECTS THE VIEWS ONLY OF THE AUTHOR, AND THE COMMISSION CANNOT BE HELD RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY USE WHICH MAY BE MADE OF THE INFORMATION CONTAINED THEREIN
Video recording
Prepared by ŠOLSKI CENTER NOVO MESTO
1 Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
School centre Novo mesto Šegova ulica 112 8000 Novo mesto
Video recording
Authors: Dejan Čurk & Slovenian team
Novo mesto, September 2017 Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Video editing 4
Linear video editing 4
Non-linear editing system 4
Vision mixing 4
Choice of video editors 5
Openshot 6
Shotcut 6
Avidemux 6
Lightworks 6
VSDC Video Editor 6
Windows Movie Maker 7
Hitfilm Express 7
Davinci Resolve 14 8
Adobe Premiere 8
iMovie 8
Video keying 9
Keying techniques 9
Keying with bluescreen 9
Keying with greenscreen 9
Keying with luma 9
Chroma Keying In DaVinci Resolve 10
Timelines and colors 10
Invert your selection 10
Adjustments 10
Output the Alpha channel 10
Final touches 10
Video templates 11
Greenscreen templates 11
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Video templates 11
Title templates 11
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Video editing Video editing is the practice in w hich w e take m ultiple video shots (videos), rearrange them and/or m anipulate them. It is commonly used today and even m ore readily available (also due to video sharing sites such as YouTube) to the average person. Its usage allows to structure and better present video information such as films, TV shows, short clips, live production, etc.
Linear video editing In the past it didn’t require actual video editing software as films w ere shot on tape, so m ost of the editing w as physical (cutting and combining tape, color filters on lens) and in some special cases chemical (inverting the color,...)
Non-linear editing system This m eans that a computer is used to edit digital (or videotape) m edia w ith a special software w hich preserves the original (source) footage.
Vision m ixing Is the practice of m ixing (like audio) video w ith a console. This allows for live television broadcasts w ith transitions and graphics layered on top. Today this is done via software but in the age of analog TV, hardware circuits w ere used to m ix different video inputs and output them to m ultiple channels depending on its purpose such as m onitor channel, graphics overlay and m ain output to name a few.
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Choice of video editors We have selected m ultiple video editors w hich are popular for video editing and w idely available. O ur focus w as on video editors that are free and even open source so that the software can be installed on m ultiple computers and be available by partners w ithout licence fees or restrictions.
Licensed video editors
● Adobe premiere ● Sony Vegas ● Pinnacle studio ● DaVinci Resolve Studio
Free Video editors
● Shotcut ● Lightworks ● VSDC Video editor ● Windows M ovie M aker ● iMovie ● Hitfilm Express ● Davinci resolve 14
Open source free video editors
● Openshot ● Avidemux
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Openshot Is an open source (means the source code is available for download and editing) video editing software. It has all of the basic features as w ell as some advanced ones such as keyframe animation, time mapping, audio m ixing and video effects (brightness, gamma, hue,...) http://www.openshot.org/
Shotcut Shotcut is a video editor that aims to offer a clear interface and a powerful set of tools. It's definitely not the application you w ould expect. It's far m ore complex than it lets on at first sight, and it has a steep learning curve. The filters are probably among the m ost used tools in an application such as this one, and they are very w ell implemented in Shotcut. Selecting and applying filters can be done very easily, and their effects (were applicable) are immediately visible. https://www.shotcut.org/
Avidemux Avidemux is a free video editor designed for simple cutting, filtering and encoding tasks. It supports m any file types, including AVI, DVD compatible M PEG files, M P4 and ASF, using a variety of codecs. Tasks can be automated using projects, job queue and powerful scripting capabilities. http://fixounet.free.fr/avidemux/
Lightworks Lightworks is a professional video editing program that's been around for quite some time now. It is by far the m ost customizable of the top pro video editing programs. It’s also lightweight and fast (also depends on your computer but generally it’s faster than other editors). https://www.lwks.com/
VSDC Video Editor Available at zero cost, VSDC offers over 50 effects, including filters and transitions. Adjustments are for improving video quality in terms of Brightness/Contrast/Gamma settings – that’s especially helpful if your footage is overexposed or underexposed. For its price its great. http://www.videosoftdev.com/free-video-editor
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Windows M ovie M aker Very simple video editor, usually comes free w ith the W indows O S (since Vista). It’s easy to use and doesn’t have any advanced features. You can add audio, titles, transitions and m ove clips around. http://www.windows-movie-maker.org/
Hitfilm Express Professional grade software but you have to register to use it. You can’t just hit a link and download the software. Instead you have to take part in active promotion for the developer by sharing the fact that you're downloading it to social m edia. But it does have Advanced cutting tools, keying for green screen effects, audio and video filters, compositing tools, layers and m asking and even 3D video support.
https://hitfilm.com/express
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Davinci Resolve 14 Is m ore aimed towards coloring video than actual editing, but has m any video editing function, a lot of coloring options, very good chromakey-ing and almost all of its functions are available free. The only paid functions are aimed towards film industry.
https://www.blackmagicdesign.com/products/davinciresolve/
Adobe Premiere The choice of professionals, adobe premiere has everything you need for video editing, features a layered timeline type editing and has a lot of functions. The downside is of course its pricetag. iMovie Is the M ac O S version of W indows Movie m aker. Its simple and easy to use, but it offers m any m ore features than M ovie m aker such as auto stabilizing video. It also has a greenscreen function that w orks pretty well.
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Video keying Are techniques used to replace a backdrop in a video w ith another video or an image. Video keying techniques w ere being used ever since film shot on tape.
Keying techniques There are 2 m ajor keying techniques: Chroma key and Luma key. They are very similar the difference being that luma key instead of using a color hue range to replace the backdrop w ith an image (or video) like chroma key, it uses the brightness of pixels. The darker they are the m ore transparent they get (some programs also have the setting to invert this function and to specify the range at w hich the video data outputs the alpha channel so only pure black gets converted to transparency). This technique is commonly used w ith text. Chroma key uses the hue of pixels or rgb data (depending on your program and settings)
Keying w ith bluescreen Before digital chroma keying, bluescreening w as accomplished using film. The camera colour negative w as printed onto high-contrast black and w hite film, using either a filter or the colour sensitivity of the black and w hite film to limit it to the blue channel. Assuming this film w as a negative it prod uced clear w here the bluescreen w as, black elsewhere, except it also produced clear for any w hite objects (since they also contained blue). To removing these spots you w ould then need to do a suitable double-exposure w ith the colour positive, and m any other techniques. The end result w as a clear background w ith an opaque shape of the subject in the m iddle.
Keying w ith greenscreen Green is used as a backdrop m ore than any other colour because image sensors in digital video cameras are m ost sensitive to green therefore, the green camera channel contains the least "noise" and can produce the cleanest key, matte, or m ask. Additionally, less light is needed to illuminate green, again because of the higher sensitivity to green in image sensors. Bright green has also become favoured since a blue background m ay m atch a subject's eye colour or common items of clothing such as jeans.
Keying w ith luma Can be done chemically to tapes and digitally. As a digital m edia, you replace the darkest or brightest bits to m atch another layer.
Important thing to note is that all these techniques require even lighting. That m eans that your greenscreen setup should get enough lighting from different angles so that the color of the screen stays solid and almost no shadows can be cast.
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Chroma K eying In D aVinci R esolve In this section I w ill describe and show w ith images how to use the chroma key functionality of DaVinci Resolve.
Timelines and colors Before getting started w ith your chroma key w ork, you need to set up your timeline by placing the background plate on track one and the green screen shot on track two, just as you w ould in any other non-linear editor. O nce you move back into your “color” tab on DaVinci Resolve, you’ll w ant to use the eyedropper/qualifier tool to isolate the green background. You can use the highlight visualizer to show you a black and w hite image of w hat’s selected vs. what isn’t.
Invert your selection By default, your selection w ill of course be on the green elements in the frame. For the purpose of this process, you need to invert your selection in the qualifier tab. The goal is to have your background appear completely black, and the subject fully w hite.
Adjustments With your selection still highlighted and inverted, adjust the threshold of your settings in the qualifier tab until you get the cleanest result possible. O nce your key is looking solid, use the “blur radius” setting to add a little bit of softening to the edges. This w ill help to hide or smooth over any imperfections in the process.
Output the Alpha channel With your key now complete, you’ll need to tell DaVinci Resolve how to composite your footage. The first step is to right click in your node tree and select “Add alpha output.” You then need to drag a line from your green screen node (using the small triangle at the bottom of the node) to your alpha output, w hich w ill sit just under your normal output on the right side of the node w indow.
Final touches Now that you can actually see your image composited, you m ay notice some green spill or other areas of the key that still need to be fine tuned. G o back into your qualifier tab and fine tune the settings some m ore until you achieve an end result you’re satisfied w ith. O ne of the features in this video that w as highlighted is the “in/out Ratio,” w hich can help to clean up your edges.
Increase the skills and competencies of students in the development of digital content for social issues Project number: 2016-1-ES01-KA202-025204
Video templates We have a few options on how to prepare the footage for m aking a video:
Greenscreen templates We can record clips w ith a greenscreen background so you can replace it w ith any image that you’d like.
Video templates We record templates that you can then use to m ake them into a sensible video
Title templates We can record the w hole video and you only replace the titles.