Local Planning Strategy

SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA LOCAL PLANNING STRATEGY

PART 2

www.hamessharley.com.au JUNE 2016 Revision Letter Date Reason for Issue Approved by 1. 05/03/14 First Draft CW 2. 06/03/14 Draft Part 2 AB 3. 25/03/14 Draft Part 2 Client Review AM (Client) 4. 11/07/14 Final CW 5. 11/04/16 Amended Final CR 6. 23/06/2016 Final Amendments CR

contact HAMES SHARLEY

Clare Roszak Town Planner e [email protected] Shire of East Pilbara

50 Subiaco Square Part Two - Background Information & Analysis Subiaco WA 6008 Australia June 2016 t +61 8 9381 0200 f +61 8 9381 4224

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2 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM contents

01 INTRODUCTION 12

02 STATE AND REGIONAL CONTEXT 13 2.1. DRAFT STATE PLANNING STRATEGY 11 2.2. PILBARA PLANNING AND INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK 2012 20 2.3. PILBARA STATE OF ENVIRONMENT REPORT 2013 22 2.4. PILBARA REGIONAL PLAN 2012 - 2017 22 2.5. PILBARA CITIES 24 2.6. PILBARA INVESTMENT BLUEPRINT 25

03 LOCAL CONTEXT 41 3.1. SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA LOCAL PLANNING STRATEGY 2004 41 3.2. SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA TOWN PLANNING SCHEME NO. 4 42 3.3 SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA STRATEGIC COMMUNITY PLAN 2013 -2022 43 3.4. NEWMAN TOMORROW 2030 VISION 43

04 LOCAL PROFILE 44 4.1. PHYSICAL FEATURES 46

05 POPULATION AND HOUSING 53 5.1. POPULATION 53 5.2. HOUSING 58 5.3. ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES 64

06 ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT 82 6.1. ECONOMY 82 6.2. RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL 86

07 TOURISM AND VISITORS 88

08 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE 91 8.1. NATIONAL PARKS 91 8.2. RECREATION 93

09 COMMUNITY FACILITIES 95

3 Shire of East Pilbara 9.1. HEALTH 97 9.2. EDUCATION 97 9.3. EARLY CHILDHOOD SERVICES 98 9.4. AGED CARE 98 9.5. NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS 98 9.6. CULTURE AND ENTERTAINMENT 98

10 RURAL LAND USE, SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT 99 10.1. TOWNSITES 99 10.2. RURAL AREAS 101

11 HERITAGE, URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER 102 11.1. HERITAGE 103 11.2. URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER 103

12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT 109 12.1. ROADS AND TRAFFIC 117 12.2. RAIL 119 12.3. AIRPORTS 119 12.4. PORTS 124 12.5. PUBLIC TRANSPORT 124 12.6. PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS 124

13 INFRASTRUCTURE 125 13.1. WATER 125 13.2. NEWMAN 125 13.3. MARBLE BAR 128 13.4. NULLAGINE 128 13.5. POWER 130 13.6. GAS 131 13.7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS 131 13.8. DRAINAGE 133 13.9. WASTEWATER 136 13.10.WASTE 136

14 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 141 14.1. STRATEGIC CHALLENGES 143 14.2. OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 143

4 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM table of figures

FIGURE 1: PILBARA CITIES VISION 18

FIGURE 2: STRATEGIES AND PRIORITIES, PILBARA REGIONAL PLAN 2012-2017 20

FIGURE 3: REGIONAL CONTEXT 26

FIGURE 4: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA CONTEXT MAP 27

FIGURE 5: PILBARA SOILS AND TOPOGRAPHY 30

FIGURE 6: LANDFORM 31

FIGURE 7: GROUNDWATER 32

FIGURE 8: WATER USE BY INDUSTRY / ACTIVITY 33

FIGURE 9: POPULATION BY URBAN CENTRE (ABS, 2011) 35

FIGURE 10: FIGURE 10 AGE DISTRIBUTION 38

FIGURE 11: HOUSING TENURE 40

FIGURE 12: HOUSEHOLD INCOME 41

FIGURE 13: AVERAGE WEEKLY COST OF RENTAL PROPERTIES 41

FIGURE 14: MEDIAN HOUSE SALES NEWMAN 2004-13 41

FIGURE 15: MEDIAN HOUSE SALES MARBLE BAR 2004-2013 42

FIGURE 16: NEWMAN FORECAST HOUSING MIX 44

FIGURE 17: 2012 GRP OUTPUT FOR PILBARA REGION 46

5 Shire of East Pilbara FIGURE 18: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA OUTPUT BY INDUSTRY 47

FIGURE 19: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA OTHER INDUSTRY OUTPUT 47

FIGURE 20: PLACE OF RESIDENCE, PLACE OF ENUMERATION AND JOBS 48

FIGURE 21: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA EMPLOYMENT BY INDUSTRY: 2006 - 2011 48

FIGURE 22: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA EMPLOYMENT CHANGE 48

FIGURE 23: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA RESIDENT WORKFORCE CHANGE 2006-11 49

FIGURE 24: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA RESIDENT WORKFORCE CHANGE BY SECTOR 2006-11 49

FIGURE 25: WA REGIONAL TOURISM NUMBERS 2008-09 (‘000) 52

FIGURE 26: TOURISM TRENDS, ESTIMATED EXPENDITURE AND NO. OF VISITORS 52

FIGURE 27: TOURISM, PILBARA REGION 52

FIGURE 28: TOURISM, SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA 53

FIGURE 29: KARLAMILYI AND KARAJINI NATIONAL PARK 56

FIGURE 30: NEWMAN RECREATION LOCATION 58

FIGURE 31: MARBLE BAR RECREATION LOCATION 58

FIGURE 32: NULLAGINE RECREATION LOCATION 58

FIGURE 33: NEWMAN ZONING MAP (EXTRACT) 63

FIGURE 34: MARBLE BAR ZONING MAP (EXTRACT) 64

6 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM FIGURE 35: NULLAGINE ZONING MAP (EXTRACT) 64

FIGURE 36: NEWMAN TOWNSITE LAND USE 67

FIGURE 37: NEWMAN TOWNSITE RESIDENTIAL LAND USE 68

FIGURE 38: NEWMAN‘S RESIDENTIAL AREAS DEPICTED BY ERA 70

FIGURE 39: MARBLE BAR ZONING MAP 71

FIGURE 40: NULLAGINE ZONING MAP 72

FIGURE 41: FIGURE 41 ROAD NETWORK 74

FIGURE 42: PILBARA: HISTORIC AND PROJECTED ROAD TRAFFIC GROWTH (2001-2020) 76

FIGURE 43: CURRENT ROAD PROJECTS 77

FIGURE 44: LIGHT INDUSTRIAL AREA BYPASS ALIGNMENTS 80

FIGURE 45: RAIL NETWORK 82

FIGURE 46: PILBARA: RAIL TRAFFIC (MTPA) PROJECTIONS (2009 - 2020) 83

FIGURE 47: FORECAST PASSENGER GROWTH, PILBARA AIRPORTS 84

FIGURE 48: AIRPORTS AND LANDING STRIPS 85

FIGURE 49: NEWMAN GRAVITY WATER NETWORK 91

FIGURE 50: SCHEMATIC OF MARBLE BAR WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM 92

FIGURE 51: SCHEMATIC OF NULLAGINE WATER SUPPLY SCHEME 93

7 Shire of East Pilbara FIGURE 52: MOBILE NETWORK COVERAGE, NEWMAN 96

FIGURE 53: FLOOD MAP MODEL, NEWMAN 98

FIGURE 54: FLOOD MAP MODEL, NULLAGINE 100

FIGURE 55: TREATMENT OF WASTE 102

FIGURE 56: NEWMAN SUB-CATCHMENT AREA 103

FIGURE 57: TREATMENT OF WASTE GENERATED IN THE REMOTE EAST PILBARA SUB-CATCHMENT 104

FIGURE 58: NEWMAN SUB-CATCHMENT AREA 105

FIGURE 59: OPPORTUNITY AND CONSTRAINTS MATRIX 106

FIGURE 60: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS (MAP 123

FIGURE 61: OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS (MAP 2) 124

8 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM list of tables

TABLE 1: STATE PLANNING STRATEGY STRATEGIC DIRECTION 12

TABLE 2: BLUEPRINT GAP ANALYSIS 27

TABLE 3: LPS AMENDMENTS SUMMARY 39

TABLE 4: SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA POPULATION CHARACTERISTICS 54

TABLE 5: FAMILY COMPOSITION 56

TABLE 6: SETTLEMENT AREAS POPULATION FORECAST TO 2035 57

TABLE 7: DWELLING TYPE 59

TABLE 8: TOURISM VISITOR EXPENDITURE, PILBARA REGION 88

TABLE 9: RECREATIONAL FACILITIES 93

TABLE 10: COMMUNITY FACILITIES 96

TABLE 11 PILBARA HERITAGE PLACES 102

TABLE 12: DESCRIPTION OF ASSETS 114

TABLE 13: ROAD NETWORK CONDITION 115

TABLE 14: MAINTENANCE AND UPGRADE AGREEMENTS 115

TABLE 15: KEY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES WITHIN THE NEWMAN SUB- CATCHMENT AREAME 137

TABLE 16: KEY WASTE MANAGEMENT FACILITIES WITHIN THE REMOTE EAST PILBARA SUB-CATCHMENT AREA 139

9 Shire of East Pilbara TABLE 17: POPULATION AND HOUSING OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 143

TABLE 18: ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 145

TABLE 19: RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 147

TABLE 20: TOURISM AND VISITOR OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 148

TABLE 21: RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 149

TABLE 22: ENVIRNOMENTAL OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 150

TABLE 23: COMMUNITY FACILITIES OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 151

TABLE 24: RURAL LAND USE, SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 152

TABLE 25: HERITAGE, URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 153

TABLE 26: TRANSPORT OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 155

TABLE 27: INFRASTRUCTURE OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS 156

10 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK

11 Shire of East Pilbara 01 INTRODUCTION

The Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Strategy (LPS) has PART TWO ADDITIONAL INFORMATION been developed in accordance with the Local Planning Following submission of the LPS to the Department of Manual 2010, published by the West Australian Planning Planning the Pilbara Development Commission (PDC) Commission (WAPC) as the guiding document for all local released the Pilbara Investment Blueprint (the Blueprint). planning strategies and town planning schemes. The Blueprint is a key strategic document for the Pilbara The following section forms Part two of the Strategy and region. It provides direction for the future planning and has been developed to provide the relevant background development of the Pilbara and the PDC as focus shifts to the strategy component, comprising the local profile towards expanding the region’s economic base and and analysis and a synthesis of the Shire of East Pilbara improving liveability. At the time of drafting the LPS, (SoEP) opportunities and constraints. Specifically, Part the Pilbara Investment Blueprint was not available and Two of the LPS outlines: therefore, was not included within Background Analysis (Part 2). As a result the Department has recommended ++ State and regional planning context which identifies that a review of the Pilbara Investment Blueprint be the state and regional planning policies, strategies and plans relevant to the local area. undertaken for consideration in the LPS, prior to the document being endorsed for community advertising. ++ Vision and mission statement of the SoEP, based on the SoEP strategic plans and policies relevant to the In conjunction with a review of the Blueprint, research planning and development of the Shire. was undertaken on the various Aboriginal communities’ ++ Demographic, economic and social context of the Shire. located in the Shire. The Department manages ++ Environmental context of the Shire area, including the planning for Aboriginal Communities in Western significant areas of environmental and cultural Australia and the research included a review of the significance such as geology, topography and Department’s six endorsed Community Layout Plan’s landforms, flora and fauna; (CLP) that are applicable in the Shire. The CLPs ++ Infrastructure context including regional and shire and information provided by the Department transport and trunk servicing infrastructure. outline demographic information, community services In addition to comprehensive review of existing and facilities, access and infrastructure. documents, studies and strategies, Part 2 has involved consultation with key stakeholders that have an influence on the way that the Shire will develop into the future. Information received during consultation has informed the context for the LPS and assisted in defining the opportunities and constraints.

12 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 02 STATE AND REGIONAL CONTEXT

A number of existing strategy and policy documents are in effect that need to be considered in the preparation of the LPS. The LPS is to be developed in accordance with these documents.

The following state and regional planning strategies relevant to the LPS include:

State ++ WAPC Local Planning Manual (2010) ++ State Planning Strategy (2014) ++ State Planning Policies: −− SPP1 – State Planning Policy Framework Policy (2010) −− SPP2 – Environment and Natural Resources Policy (2003) −− SPP2.5 – Agriculture and Rural Planning Policy (2002) −− SPP2.7 – Public Drinking Water Source Policy (2003) −− SPP3.2 – Aboriginal Settlements Policy (2011) Regional ++ Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework (2012) ++ Pilbara – State of Environment Report (2013) ++ Pilbara Regional Plan 2012 – 2017 ++ Pilbara A Region In Profile (2011) Local ++ Town Planning Scheme No. 4 (2005) ++ Local Planning Strategy (2004) ++ Shire of East Pilbara – Strategic Community Plan 2013 - 2022 (2012) ++ Newman Tomorrow 2030 Vision (2012) ++ Newman Regional Hotspots Land Supply (2008) Other ++ Transient Workers Accommodation in the Pilbara (2012) ++ Pilbara Workforce Development Plan 2013-2016 (2013) ++ Pilbara Vernacular Handbook (2010)

2.1. DRAFT STATE PLANNING STRATEGY The State Planning Strategy, 2014 (SPS) is the preeminent development that require a different way of thinking strategic planning instrument for Western Australia, and working together to sustain the State’s growth (SPS, providing strategic direction for the State to 2050 and 2012). Subsequently, based on research and collaboration beyond. The draft SPS informs State, regional and local across State government agencies, the SPS identifies planning strategies, policies and approvals, linking to and the strategic directions of key importance to Western building upon other strategic planning positions put in Australia’s sustained growth. place by the WAPC. The strategic directions of key importance to Western The Strategy acknowledges there are many social, Australia’s sustained growth have been identified within environmental and economic implications of the SPS. These have been outlined in Table 1 to provide guidance to the development of the LPS.

13 Shire of East Pilbara 2.1.1. STATE PLANNING FRAMEWORK POLICY 1 SPP1 defines key principles with a significant impact The State Planning Framework Policy No. 1 (SPP1) is the on good decision making in land use planning overarching Statement of Planning Policy. SPP1 sets out and development. These principles will inform the the key principles relating to environment, community, development of the LPS and include: economy, infrastructure and regional development which ++ Environment – to protect and enhance key natural should guide the way in which future planning decisions and cultural assets of the State and deliver to all West are made. Australian’s a high quality of life which is based on environmentally sustainable principles. SPP1 combines existing State and regional policies, ++ Community – To respond to social changes and strategies and guidelines within a central framework facilitate the creation of vibrant, safe and self reliant which provides a context for decision-making on land communities. use and development in Western Australia. The Policy ++ Economy – to actively assist in the creation of regional informs the Commission, local government and others wealth, support the development of new industries involved in the planning process on those aspects of State and encourage economic activity in accordance with level planning policy which are to be taken into account, sustainable development. and given effect, in order to ensure integrated decision- ++ Infrastructure – To facilitate strategic development by making across all spheres of planning. making provision for efficient and equitable transport and public utilities. ++ Regional Development – To facilitate strategic development by making provision for efficient and equitable transport and public utilities.

Table 1: State Planning Strategy Strategic Direction

SPS STRATEGIC DIRECTION CONSIDERATIONS FOR SOEP Economic development Reinforces the role of the Pilbara as the engine room of the national economy. The Pilbara continues to emerge as a hotspot for global investment, emphasising the continued importance of the Region for the States economic development. Maximising these opportunities for global investment and strengthening the regions existing economic foundations needs to be Objective: To facilitate coordinated and sustainable a central focus of strategic planning for the Shire. economic development.

Economic diversity for regional areas is critical for ongoing development. The Shire can capitalise on it’s strategic location to provide a significant node (Newman) on the inland fright corridor (Perth – Meekatharra – Newman).

Provision of affordable and appropriate land to meet the needs of people, business and industry development (including buffers). There are opportunities to cluster industry to form locational relationships that produce optimal output and limited waste. This includes maximising existing infrastructure and providing new infrastructure that is connected and enhances business efficiency and livability. Education, training and Regional knowledge based industries and education facilities that offer education and re- knowledge transfer search associated with mining and energy sectors and agriculture is a key driver for the SPS and an opportunity for economic development within the SoEP to stimulate economic diver- Objective: Western Australia sity and growth. becomes globally competitive as a creative, innovative and knowledge-based economy.

14 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Tourism SoEP is within the North-West Tourism region and is considered important for tourism, drawing on its natural and cultural significance. Specifically, opportunities exist to concentrate on Objective: To access and the region for wilderness, gorges, indigenous culture, landscapes, waterfalls and outback ad- enhance a range of experi- ventures. There are opportunities to promote the unique identity, history and sense of place ences unique to the State. of the SoEP, including celebrating Aboriginal culture and heritage. However, protection of highly valued sites is required - balancing tourism and conservation through effective planning and management.

Accessibility to a range of diverse experiences is critical and this relies on strong infrastructure investment and delivery including provision of tourism workforce, tourism facilities and services.

Environment The SoEP contains areas of State and National environmental significance (significant wetlands, waterways and areas of natural heritage). The Shire also incorporates an area that is Objective: To conserve considered a national biodiversity hotspot. Conservation of these environmentally significant biodiversity and manage the areas needs to be a consideration for the LPS, balanced with the need to diversify and grow state’s natural resources in a the economic base through ventures such as mining, industry and tourism. Additionally con- sustainable manner servation of natural resources such as water, agricultural land and basic raw material deposits are preserved for future use and development. Strategic planning should consider cumulative impacts from development and activities occurring within the SoEP.

Agriculture and food The SoEP is predominantly located within a State agricultural region defined as pastoral – cattle grazing. Within the SoEP, to the north of Newman, is an area that is considered op- Objective: To enable the portunity for high irrigation agriculture. This provides a significant opportunity to capitalise state’s food supply chains to on its strategic location and connectivity with the State for food production and agricultural meet the projected demands pursuits. Well serviced by key infrastructure provides efficiency for food production. of its domestic and global food and fisheries market Furthermore, existing work being undertaken in the areas of biofuel production and mine dewatering provide added value to agricultural economies in the Shire.

Physical infrastructure Within the SoEP, Newman is designated as a regional airport, there is a high density of rail links and the State movement network traverses the Shire. Newman forms a sub-regional Movement of people, re- node. Consideration should be given to delivering a coordinated and efficient freight logistics sources and information system incorporating road, rail, air and sea transport.

Objective: To manage the Ensuring communities are connected with jobs and services is a key consideration for the movement of people, goods SoEP. With a high Fly-in/Fly-out (FIFO) population, locating people within the Shire’s settle- and services through an in- ment areas is key to reducing travel distance and travel costs. However, existing movement tegrated network connected networks must also have capacity to absorb increased travel demand. This is particularly nationally and globally important for air transport as this is the key movement network for employment-based transport to the Shire in the mining and resources sector.

Physical infrastructure Strategic planning needs to consider water and water security through well integrated water planning with community, land use and economic planning. Evidence-based planning will Water ensure that water resources are not over-allocated and availability of water to support economic and population growth is achieved. Water efficiency and reduction in water use may Objective: To support West- ern Australia’s growth and be supported through demand management and water sensitive development mechanisms. development by sustainably Furthermore, consideration of water recycling should also be considered such as stormwater managing the availability harvesting and wastewater recycling. and quality of water while Public drinking water sources need to be protected and water use needs to be balanced with maintaining a healthy, di- industry needs and catchment protection and restoration programs will be delivered to main- verse and well managed wa- tain and conserve areas of significance. ter environment.

15 Shire of East Pilbara Physical infrastructure Strategic planning needs to consider the provision of land and infrastructure for generation, transmission and distribution that will assist in creating a competitive market environment Energy and attract new energy providers. Improving the efficiency of energy use and the penetration Objective: To enable secure, of embedded or localised energy generation will require increased investment and upgrades reliable, affordable and to distribution networks. clean energy that meets the State’s growing demand. Waste Economic and population growth are driving increasing quantity of waste that must be processed, as such the strategic planning of the SoEP needs to be based on accurate growth Objective: To ensure WA’s projections. It is noted that the type of waste generated and the way it is managed will change waste streams are managed in line with changes in technology. It is recommended the Shire accurately gauges and re- as a resource. sponds to future waste requirements. Telecommunications The SoEP vast distances and sparse population could present challenges for improved telecommunication and as such require a collaborative approach. The connectivity of the Shire Objective: to ensure those will rely on the way in which telecommunications are integrated with other utilities and infra- responsible for telecommu- structure development. Specifically the strategic planning of rural and urban settlements will nications take into account need to locate and design telecommunication infrastructure and services taking into account WA’s planning and develop- the needs of an ageing population, people with limited education or computer skills and ment priorities and require- people in remote settlements. Investment by third party stakeholders, such as local governments. ment, industry and communications providers, will need to consider evidence of a deficiency, investment viability and cost benefit. Social infrastructure A major consideration for social infrastructure planning is the substantial variation of population and economic growth projections between and within regional areas of the State. A Objective: to enable livable, high standard of social infrastructure is often expected regardless of cost. Usually regional inclusive and diverse com- populations will not grow without the necessary social infrastructure to support that growth munities such as schools, health services, community facilities and programs. In addition, there is often a gap between revenue created from social infrastructure and expenditures on providing and maintaining that infrastructure. New methods will be needed for social infrastructure investment that can enhance the timeliness and equity in providing a social service. Funding for social infrastructure, in particular the ‘soft’ elements, will require innovative and creative approaches and partnerships. Land availability Infrastructure and service capacity limits development of existing land parcels to greater capacities, this increases pressures on future land supply. This concern is amplified is a contin- Objective: to ensure the uation or increase in mining. Private and public investment to service land for further devel- sustainable supply of land opment is influenced by availability of local labor, freight and mobilisation costs and season for future development weather conditions. The challenge will be to move ahead known trends and to plan and invest strategically for the Shire’s growth or appropriately plan for its population stagnations. If the area is anticipated to grow in alignment with the State forecasts, this will require the development of robust modeling and scenario building tools and their mobilisation across Government and the private sector. Remote settlements Remote settlements are reliant on a framework of supporting structure, including appropriate land tenure, native title resolution and adequate essential, social and municipal service provi- Objective: to maintain eco- sions. The challenge is to ensure that the economic and social role that remote settlements nomic and community play is not lost due to lack of adequate support. development through improved connectivity and cul- Increasing involvement in providing services and infrastructure in remote settlements is re- tural support. quired, including integration with worker’s camps that affect the social and economic life of the settlement. All worker’s camps are based on the premise of a FIFO workforce. Balancing the needs of regional economic and social aspirations with the operational imperative of the resources sector is a challenge.

16 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 2.1.2. STATE PLANNING POLICY 2 ENVIRONMENT AND NATURAL RESOURCE POLICY ++ land use change from rural to all other uses is to be The State Planning Policy 2 Environment and Natural planned and provided for in a planning strategy or Resource Policy (SPP2) defines the principles and scheme; considerations that represent good and responsible ++ land identified as priority agricultural land in a planning planning in terms of environment and natural resource strategy or scheme is to be retained for that purpose; issues within the framework of the SPS. The purpose of ++ beyond its principal function for primary production, this policy is to inform Local Government of the aspects of rural land is also required for public purposes, natural State-level planning policy concerning the environment resource management, biodiversity conservation and and natural resources. protection of landscapes and views; ++ the use of rural land for intensive or emerging primary The underpinning objectives of the policy will inform the production land uses does not warrant creation of new development of the LPS. These are: or smaller rural lots on an unplanned, ad hoc basis; and ++ To integrate environment and natural resources ++ creation of new rural lots will be by exception and in management with broader land use planning and accordance with Development Control Policy 3.4 – decisions making. Subdivision of rural land, or planned in a strategy or scheme. ++ To protect, conserve and enhance the natural environment. In addition to the above, SPP2.5 understands and ++ To promote and assist in the wise and sustainable use acknowledges that WA is a diverse state, with regional and management of natural resources. variations of climate, economic activity, cultural values, demographic characteristics and environmental 2.1.3. STATE PLANNING POLICY 2.5 conditions. As such the WAPC’s decision is guided AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LAND PLANNING by the need to provide economic opportunities for The State Planning Policy 2.5 – Agriculture and Rural rural communities and to protect the State’s primary Land Planning Policy (SPP2.5), also cited as Statement of production and natural resource assets. Therefore: Planning Policy No. 11 Agricultural and rural Land Use Planning, applies to the planning of rural and agricultural ++ The WAPC will continue to promote rural zones in land in Western Australia. The policy is applicable to all schemes as highly flexible zones that cater for a wide rural land in Western Australia. range of rural land uses that can support primary production and value adding, small-scale tourism, The SPP2.5 provides a classification of rural and environmental protection and biodiversity conservation; agricultural activities, Town Planning Scheme Provisions; ++ The differing needs of the various regions are and introduces measures to protect natural resources in recognised and regional variations may be considered rural areas throughout the State. where they meet the stated objectives of this policy, are evidence-based and are supported in strategies and Measures for agricultural and rural land planning schemes; and include the promotion of sustainable development and ++ If there is no strategy or scheme justifying variations to prevention of land degradation including rehabilitation of this policy, this policy shall prevail. salt-affected land. These measures will be a consideration Further highlighted within SPP2.5 is the notion the for the development of the LPS. WAPC supports opportunities for employment and diversification of economic activity related to primary If the LPS determines a need to provide new agricultural production. As such it will: zones and uses, the Shire’s Town Planning Scheme may need to be revised to address the requirements of SPP2.5. ++ promote the establishment of precincts for primary Specifically, the requirements of SPP2.5 state: produce processing close to services and freight routes, and with adequate buffers; and The policy applies to rural and rural living land in Western ++ support the concept of rural enterprise zones in Australia, in particular land zoned for rural or agricultural strategies and schemes that combine light industry and purposes in a local or region scheme and land identified ancillary housing, provided they are carefully planned or proposed for rural living land uses. with general proximity to urban areas, are serviced and have design features that address buffers and amenity The overarching policy requirements are: and generally meets the criteria listed in 5.6 (b).

17 Shire of East Pilbara Clause 5.8 avoiding land use conflict of SPP2.5 is a key Under the Policy, it is expected that the Shire’s Strategy, element which should be given due consideration. scheme and decision-making in general will identify and There is a need to ensure that existing rural land uses include (where appropriate) provisions to protect surface are protected and landholders are able to exercise their and ground water resources for public drinking water operational needs effectively and appropriately without supply. being unduly affected by the introduction of sensitive or incompatible land uses. The Shire currently contains a recognised PDWSA and this is reflected within the Shire of East Pilbara Planning Similarly where rural living land use is identified in a Scheme, with Nullagine PDWSA defined as Special strategy or scheme, there is a need to ensure such land Control Area. It is advised the Nullagine PDWSA Special use will not be subject to hazards and adverse health and Control Area be re-assessed in accordance with the amenity impacts. Land use conflicts will be managed such priority classification specified SPP2.7 to ensure upto that: date compliance. + + the introduction of land uses in rural areas that may 2.1.5. STATE PLANNING POLICY 3.2 constrain existing or potential rural land uses will generally not be supported; ABORIGINAL SETTLEMENTS State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements (SPP3.2) ++ existing and future land use conflicts are understood was made under Part 3 of the Planning and Development and demonstrated in strategies and schemes as appropriate; and Act 2005, revokes State Planning Policy 3.2 Planning for Aboriginal Communities gazetted on 11 August 2000. ++ in the absence of site-specific technical studies, buffer distances will be guided by the Environmental The objective of SPP3.2 is to provide recognition of Protection Authority’s Guidance Statement No. 3 – Aboriginal settlements through local planning schemes Guidance for the Assessment of Environmental Factors – Separation Distances between Industrial and Sensitive and strategies; and collaboratively plan for the orderly Land Uses. and coordinated development of Aboriginal settlements.

As the exploration of diversifying the East Pilbara’s Policy measures aim to support the proper and orderly economy base through the development of an agricultural planning of aboriginal settlements to facilitate better sector is a key element of the LPS. It is advised due regard planning of remote settlements. Community Layout Plans is given SPP2.5 and the requirements highlighted above. are a mechanism to deliver these outcomes.

2.1.4. STATE PLANNING POLICY 2.7 All Aboriginal settlements are to have an endorsed PUBLIC DRINKING WATER SOURCE POLICY Layout Plan and specific requirements are provided in the State Planning Policy 2.7 – Public Drinking Water Source Policy that are to be considered when developing these Policy (SPP2.7) has been developed to ensure that land plans. The LPS will consider the Aboriginal Settlements use and development within Public Drinking Water located within the Shire and any Community Layout Plans Source Areas (PDWSA) is compatible with the protection prepared. and long-term management of water resources for public water supply. The purpose of PDWSAs is to identify water resources gazetted under the Country Areas Water Supply Act and to protect the Shire’s current and future PDWSA through land use planning mechanisms.

SPP2.7 sets out the broad environment and resource management policies for ecologically sustainable development, including measures for the conservation of water resources. Specifically, the Policy recognises that effective water quality and quantity management is essential, not only to ensure future public water supplies, but also as a vital step towards sustainability.

18 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 2.1.6. STATE PLANNING POLICY 2.6 STATE COASTAL PLANNING State Planning Policy 3.2 State Coastal Planning has been developed to provide guidance managing development and land use change, establishment foreshore reserves; and to protect, conserve and enhance coastal values within the coastal zone.

The objectives of the policy are to:

++ ensure that development and the location of coastal facilities takes into account coastal processes, landform stability, coastal hazards, climate change and biophysical criteria; ++ ensure the identification of appropriate areas for the sustainable use of the coast for housing, tourism, recreation, ocean access, maritime industry, commercial and other activities; ++ provide for public coastal foreshore reserves and access to them on the coast; and ++ protect, conserve and enhance coastal zone values, particularly in areas of landscape, biodiversity and ecosystem integrity, indigenous and cultural significance

The policy applies to the coast throughout Western Australia, and therefore is applicable to the Shire of East Pilbara. Whilst the Local Planning Strategy considers the application of the Policy for the coastal areas, the area occupying the coast is minimal and unlikely to be subject to any development.

19 Shire of East Pilbara 2.2. PILBARA PLANNING AND INFRASTRUCTURE FRAMEWORK 2012 Source: Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework, 2012 Specific elements of the Framework relevant to the LPS The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework is a have been summarised below. ‘whole of government’ initiative that sets the agenda for the physical development of the Pilbara (Pilbara Planning Population growth and Infrastructure Framework, 2012). The Framework sets There is a forecast growth of the Pilbara region and it out the strategic direction for the future development of is anticipated some settlements will grow in scale and the region over the next 25 years and was developed to character, whilst others will decline. The Framework inform the review of the SPS. aims to consolidate urban form to the existing centres, The Framework outlines the opportunities and challenges making them inherently more liveable places and evolve facing the Pilbara. Specifically: the settlement hierarchy of the region. There are no significant new permanent settlements that are envisaged Scale and distribution of future population growth and to develop. housing development It is intended that the concentration of population and + + Economic growth supporting facilities in the regional nodes will have a ++ Environmental issues positive, catalytic effect on the other settlements in ++ Transport their vicinity. In being in close proximity to higher level of services and amenity, regional nodes will become ++ Infrastructure increasingly viable and attractive places to live. ++ Water resource Housing ++ Tourism; and Housing affordability has historically been a challenge ++ Emerging impacts of climate change. within the region with a severe shortage of housing The Framework provides context to the Shire in relation opportunities for lower paid occupations, particularly to the broader strategic direction of the Pilbara region. It those that do not have housing provided as part of their is also a critical guiding document for the development of employment package. the Shire’s Local Planning Strategy. The Framework focal areas and objectives are summarised in Figure 1

Figure 1: Pilbara Cities Vision

20 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM An increased supply of residential land in the region’s and facilities such as health, education and other hotspots, including Newman, indicates that demand community services will have significant flow-on effects has also increased, however supply remains subpar. Key for the local community. constraints to increasing the current housing stock are Utility Infrastructure identified as limited utility infrastructure capacity and the The framework focuses on the need to upgrade and inability of the building industry to adequately respond replace much of the region’s infrastructure and, in turn, to demand. looks at new approaches and technologies for utility Economic Development infrastructure provision. Currently the Pilbara’s economy is dependent on the Community Infrastructure mining of iron ore, minerals, oil and gas. Economic In order to attract and retain workers and their families diversification is a key focal point of the Framework which and meet the projected population growth, the Pilbara aims to improve areas including the knowledge-based will require a both enhancement and a higher threshold industries and increasing the region’s capacity to export of facilities and services. Areas for future investment goods and services. include health, education, recreation, community support This shift is to be based on resource industry supply and culture and entertainment. chain completion in the first phase, widening in the later Transport Infrastructure phases to encompass knowledge-based industries with Projected expansions of economic activity and population an increasing capacity to export goods and services. requires a transport system that provides equitable The possible areas for economic diversification for the access for residents and industry. Practical, safe, Pilbara and their potential application to the Shire are: affordable opportunities for intra-regional, interstate and international travel is a necessity for the Pilbara and as a ++ Primary Production - There are a number of result a regional road network upgrade is required. agricultural-based opportunities in the eastern tablelands (Newman area) utilising mine dewatering. Additionally, other transport upgrades and expansions ++ Tourism and hospitality - The remoteness and rugged include: beauty of the region is considered to be some of its greatest strengths, improved amenities and a need to ++ Expanded rail system increasing the three privately- upgrade and seal access roads to provide opportunities operated networks to five. for tourism-focused development is required. ++ Expanded trade tonnage at the region’s seaports, ++ Distribution and Retail - Newman is to provide a including seaport facilities. general increase in the quantity of retail floorspace ++ Increased airport passenger by developing the regions resulting in a retail step change in the standard of four hub airport and providing greater connection provision. between the region and selected international ++ Education and training - The development of higher destinations. order education and training facilities, especially those that would serve the mining and oil and gas sectors, Natural Environment should be pursued. The recognition of the impact that economic growth ++ Business, media, IT and consulting - The development will have on the environmental values of the region. of a higher population threshold and a more developed An environmental response to bolster the natural network of enterprises would, in turn, support a higher environmental values make to the Pilbara’s liveability, level of business, media, information technology and health, lifestyle and economy is a focus of the Framework. consulting services. ++ Demand for industrial land - The key areas of direct Cultural heritage resource sector demand are associated with the two An expanded urban population requires a better port authorities, together with Anketell, Newman and understanding, recognition and respect for the region’s Onslow. past and present indigenous culture. ++ Community facilities - A greater government commitment to provide a higher level of basic services

21 Shire of East Pilbara 2.3. PILBARA STATE OF ENVIRONMENT 2.4. PILBARA REGIONAL PLAN 2012 - REPORT 2013 2017 The Pilbara State of Environment Report 2013 was The Pilbara Regional Plan 2012-2017 (Regional Plan) commissioned by Regional Development Australia (RDA) provides a regional profile of the Pilbara region. The Pilbara in collaboration with the Shire of Ashburton, the Regional Plan provides important contextual information Shire of Roebourne and the Town of Port Hedland. about the Region that will inform the development of the LPS, particularly information related to the Local Whilst the Shire of East Pilbara is not specifically government area and its townsites. included within the scope of the report, the information is considered relevant as the report provides a regional The vision of the Regional Plan is a Pilbara that is an perspective to management of important aspects of the economically vibrant and socially inclusive region that Pilbara’s environmental and cultural systems. Additionally, promotes opportunities. The Regional Priorities that have a specific goal of the report is to provide tools that will been defined under the Regional Plan have been shown assist local governments to meet environmental reporting in Figure 2. requirements in relation to community plans.

The report identifies population growth, consumption of resources and climate change as the top three environmental pressures facing the region.

Figure 2: Strategies and priorities, Pilbara Regional Plan 2012-2017 Source: Pilbara Regional Plan 2012-2017

22 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Key information contained within the document relevant to the LPS includes:

++ natural environment including geographical features, national parks and geo-heritage; ++ regional economic profile; ++ social profile and Community infrastructure including health, housing, culture, education and sport and recreation; ++ cultural heritage including indigenous heritage, pastoral legacy and heritage places; and ++ regional issues and challenges. ++ This information has been used to inform the local context (Section 3).

The Regional Plan also provides a suite of regional investment opportunities. Whilst all of the regional development initiatives have been considered with regard the their strategic regional role, the specific initiatives relevant to the SoEP and the LPS include:

++ Housing and Land Development; ++ Power supply; ++ New generation capacity; ++ Fully Interconnected transmission system; ++ Water supply; ++ Waste Water Conveyance Port Hedland and Newman; ++ Road developments; ++ North West Coastal Highway; ++ Karratha to Tom Price Road; ++ Port Hedland Road upgrade and duplication of Redbank Bridge; and ++ Expansion of Newman Airport terminal and new second runway.

23 Shire of East Pilbara 2.5. PILBARA CITIES The Pilbara Development Commission (PDC) is a Statutory 1. Implementation Plan - vision and the integrated Authority of the State Government, established along with strategy to evolve Newman into a subregional service centre. eight other regional development commissions under the Regional Development Commissions Act (1993). Under 2. Town Site Growth Plan - urban growth strategies the PDC, Pilbara Cities (2010) was established to address and actions required to accommodate a permanent population of 15,000. the issues associated with significant growth in the region, in line with the growth of Karratha and Port Hedland into 3. Town Centre Master Plan - sets out how the town centre cities of 50,000 people and Newman to 15,000 people by will be modernised and transformed into a vibrant and attractive heart for Newman. 2035. The key priorities defined within the Plan include: The region faces unique challenges to meet the demands of a burgeoning resources sector whilst supporting ++ Driving economic diversification, which will require focus on regional and local economic development economic diversity and population growth to secure a and infrastructure provision to establish Newman as a sustainable future for its communities. service hub. Subsequent to its formation, Pilbara Cities has ++ Increasing the availability of readily developed land and commissioned the development of several related studies the provision of more affordable and diverse types of housing. for the region. The produced publications have been reviewed and used to develop a cohesive understanding ++ Upgrading and expanding aging infrastructure to allow of the area and the challenges being faced; of particular fo growth. interest for the development of the strategy were the ++ Promoting Newman’s unique character and sense of following reports: place. ++ Enhancing the level of amenity in the town – focusing ++ Transient workers accommodation in the Pilbara; on the redevelopment and activation of the town centre. ++ Situational analysis of age care in the Pilbara; ++ Lifting the quality and level of services and facilities ++ Pilbara a region in profile 2011; which will encourage people to settle and remain in the town; and ++ 2013 Pilbara government agencies directory; ++ A new approach to regional and local governance, + + Extractive industry & regional development 2010; which facilitates stronger partnerships and coordination. ++ PRC demand needs analysis of short stay This in turn can drive economic development accommodation summary report; and and investment, and the delivery of hard and soft infrastructure. ++ Pilbara workforce development plan 2013-2016. ++ The NRP was produced to provide a roadmap for the 2.5.1. NEWMAN REVITALISATION PLAN VOLUME town’s future transformation. The plan highlights the 1, 2, AND 3 regions key strategic aspirations and provides synergies for the development of the LPS. The Newman Revitalisation Plan (NRP) has been prepared in partnership by the Western Australian State ++ The Plan will be a core document to inform the Government and the Shire of East Pilbara (SoEP). It was development of the LPS. prepared through a consultative and multi-disciplinary approach, in response to their shared vision for Newman. The NRP has been designed as an adaptive management plan and project management tool, to help guide the action required to deliver the developed vision.

The NRP is made up of three volumes:

24 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 2.6. PILBARA INVESTMENT BLUEPRINT Following submission of the LPS to DoP the Pilbara Development Commission (PDC) released the Pilbara Investment Blueprint (the Blueprint). The Blueprint is considered to be a new key guiding strategic document for the Pilbara region, heralding a new direction for the Pilbara and the PDC as focus shifts towards expanding the region’s economic base and improving the areas liveability. The Blueprint embraces big-picture thinking towards what could be possible for the future of the Pilbara. It identifies the collective strategic actions that will enable new opportunities and achieve prosperous economic outcomes to substantiate the aspirational population target of 200,000 people living within the Pilbara by 2050.

At the time of drafting the Shire of East Pilbara LPS, the Blueprint was not available and therefore was not included within Background Analysis (Part 2). As a result DoP requested a review of the Blueprint be undertaken and the LPS be updated prior to the document being endorsed for community advertising.

Subsequently, this section summarises the Blueprint, specifically the relevant aspects as they relate to East Pilbara. It identifies additional issues and opportunities that were not captured by the Background Analysis (Part 2) upon original submission, and provides recommendations for LPS amendments (which have been addressed) to enable the alignment of both documents.

25 Shire of East Pilbara 2.6.1. BLUEPRINT SUMMARY

The Pilbara Regional Investment Blueprint (the Blueprint) By highlighting the development potential of the Pilbara, outlines an aspirational vision for the Pilbara in 2050. the Blueprint aims to: Fundamental to the Blueprint is the aspirational ++ Encourage diverse investment in the region; population forecast of 200,000 people living within the + Pilbara region by 2050. As the Blueprint Vision states: + Inform infrastructure planning, investment and delivery decisions; and “In 2050, the Pilbara will have 200,000 people living in ++ Maximise social, environmental and economic outcomes vibrant, modern and inclusive communities which offer for local communities, the state of Western Australia quality services, career choice, affordable living and and the nation as a whole. strong local communities. The Blueprint seeks to achieve these aims through a The economy will feature diverse, innovative and collaborative approach to the region’s development. It resilient local and international firms underpinned by establishes a common framework for all stakeholders resources and energy industries”. to coordinate infrastructure development and service delivery, and improve the regulatory, social and physical The Blueprint acknowledges that the population targets environment where public and private investment can are aspirational but achievable. It outlines that the be attracted and delivered with confidence. Pilbara will achieve 200,000 residents by providing over 40,000 new jobs by delivering on strategic priorities. Central to the Blueprint is recognition that the region Strategic priorities are divided into three broad areas, needs more than “business as usual” planning, and these being: instead needs to chart a more aspirational future. The Blueprint challenges stakeholders to collectively create PEOPLE PRIORITIES a future Pilbara which fully capitalises on the region’s ++ Liveability strengths and comparative advantages, maximising leverage of emerging global trends to deliver prosperity, ++ Population growth and retention diversity, sustainability and quality of life for local ++ Local employment growth residents (Pilbara Investment Blueprint). ++ Aboriginal development The Vision and Goals of the Blueprint are largely ECONOMIC PRIORITIES reflected within LPS. However, there is opportunity to ++ Import replacement further strengthen the LPS through the incorporation of newly identifeid opportunities and constraints ++ Export potential as identified in the Blueprint. These opportunities ++ Investment attraction and constraints are highlighted in section 3.0 of this addendum and a summary of recommendations as SUPPORTING PRIORITIES to how these be included within the LPS is outlined in + + Environmental sustainability section 5.0. ++ Research and innovation

The vision and strategic priorities of the Blueprint are supported by nine regional investment “Pillars” based on analysis of needs, regional interests and comparative advantages that will deliver new sources of growth and provide, what the Blueprint refers to as “Transformational Opportunities”. The Transformational Opportunities are noted as catalysts for projects that will drive transformation change and help achieve aspirational economic and community outcomes for the region.

26 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 2.6.2. BLUEPRINT GAP ANALYSIS

The Blueprint highlights that realising the vision for the To align the LPS and the Blueprint, a review and gap Pilbara in 2050 will entail the development and growth of analysis was undertaken to determine any additional a regional economy founded on a range of competitive opportunities and issues not originally captured within economic strengths or as referred to within the Blueprint the Background Analysis (Part 2) of the LPS. as “Regional Pillars”. The Regional Pillars represent areas Table 1 summarises each regional pillar, identifies issues of the Pilbara’s economy and community where public and opportunities facing the Pilbara as recognised by and private investment should be prioritised in order to the Blueprint and cross references these with the LPS to make the Blueprint vision a reality. The explanations of identify any gaps in information. each regional pillar enable the identification of issues and opportunities as they apply to the Pilbara.

Table 2: Gap Analysis

REGIONAL PILLAR LAND ACCESS AND ECONOMIC INFRASTRUCTURE Normalised Property Market and land Tenure

The Pilbara is characterised by a myriad of different land tenure arrangements. The combination of mineral leases, pastoral leases, Crown Land, state and national parks and reserves, freehold title and native title has implications for the ability of prospective investors to access optimally located land. This OPPORTUNITY / means that investment in activities that will value add and diversify the Pilbara economy is currently ISSUE SUMMARY significantly constrained.

Continued efforts and resourcing to normalise the residential, commercial and industrial property markets of Pilbara towns and cities as well allowing new types of zones, e.g. lifestyle and hobby/market farm zones, is critical to ensuring the sustainability of future economic and business activity. The LPS recognises the need to normalise the property market and land tenure arrangements. As well as review existing zonings to ensure the sustainability of future economic and business activity.

Part Two of the LPS recognises there is sufficient Crown land available to meet current and future housing demand. However, disconnection between current supply and needs will impact negatively on affordability and constrain attraction and retention of people within the Shire.

This issue is addressed in Part One through the strategic action Housing and Population 6.1.1 which includes the development of a housing strategy underpinned by a Housing Needs Assessment and the Newman Accommodation Demand Analysis. This strategic action seeks to normalise the housing market, provide appropriate housing provision through suitable zonings and suitable housing typologies within an appropriate price range, in order to facilitate the retention of residents.

Part Two also identifies the lack of economic diversification and risk this poses to the Shire. It is noted that a high reliance on mining results in a higher risk profile for the Shire with regard to economic LPS RESPONSE security. Due to the homogenous nature of the Shire’s economy several strategic actions were implemented to accommodate for economic diversification. In particular those which include the rezoning and normalisation of land tenure include:

. Economic diversification 6.2.3 – Rezone land as required to support creation of Newman Airport Enterprise Zone. . Economic diversification 6.2.4 - Encourage industrial development to create a more diverse economy. Rezone land as required. Plan and develop for small business hubs in Marble Bar and Nullagine. . Economic diversification 6.2.8 – Increase agricultural production and develop sector to safeguard food availability and security. Ensure future rezoning assessments give the sector and land use appropriate priority.

As such the LPS has considered and identified where the rezoning of land will assist in the normalisation of both the housing sector and also assist the economic diversification of the Shire. LPS AMENDMENT No amendment needed.

27 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR EDUCATION, TRAINING AND A SKILLED WORKFORCE Lifelong Education

Fundamental to achieving a more balanced economy which can attract and retain enough people to reach a population of 200,000 in the Pilbara is the delivery of quality and appropriate education services that encourage local residents to live and study in the region.

OPPORTUNITY / The short term focus is on incrementally improving existing services and further developing industry ISSUE SUMMARY training pathways however there is an inevitable need for a variety of education options to be delivered by 2050 (for example, a tertiary campus) to address education needs.

Local post-school education provision will not only position the Pilbara as an attractive location for young adults to live and learn, but also provide opportunities for industry-specific research and development and innovation to be generated. The SoEP LPS recognises the importance of delivering quality and appropriate education services as well as developing industry training pathways to encourage local residents to live and study in the region. Specifically relating to Newman the following issues were highlighted in artP Two of the LPS:

. Schooling and education – Whilst Newman has multiple schools, these schools lack a competitive advantage over those located in other areas. Raising educational quality and broadening the opportunities available to students would provide an incentive for families to stay in Newman.

. Tertiary education and training – Newman lacks diversity and access to tertiary education and training. As a result, people seeking tertiary educational opportunities leave Newman for other LPS RESPONSE locations offering better tertiary educational training options

The above issues were addressed through the following strategic actions:

. Community facilities 6.6.5 – Develop a quality Educational Strategy.

. Community facilities 6.6.6 – Plan and assist the development for a high quality tertiary educational facility.

. Community facilities 6.6.7 – Review and allocate land for schools in alignment with projected population growth. Plan for the development of a Newman Education Precinct. LPS AMENDMENT No amendment needed. REGIONAL PILLAR EDUCATION, TRAINING AND A SKILLED WORKFORCE Workforce Development and Skilled Migration

The combination of a lack of critical mass of local workers, high cost of living and a mono-economic structure has undermined the ability for large mining companies and second-tier supporting firms to attract and retain a resident workforce. It has inhibited business development and growth across a OPPORTUNITY / number of industries. ISSUE SUMMARY While FIFO work patterns are expected to continue to play an important role in the resources sector in the future – particularly during construction phases – evidence suggests that such arrangements have significant social implications. A comprehensive integrated approach to workforce development is required. This is comprised of a combination of strategies which include local skills development and training, education and business integration and skilled and business migration and worker attraction. The LPS recognises the detrimental social impacts high volumes of FIFO workers have on the region. The LPS recognises that the over reliance on the mining industry in central to this issue, and a contributing factor to the transient nature of the towns located within the Shire.

This is highlighted as a fundamental issue of the LPS and as the Blueprint suggests a comprehensive approach to workforce development is needed to rectify this challenge and normalise the townsites. Several of the strategic actions provided throughout the LPS will assist to alliviate this challenge. Central to this however, are the following strategic action: LPS RESPONSE . Economic diversification 6.2.5 – Investigate and implement support mechanisms to grow and sustain small businesses within the Shire. Develop and implement small business local planning policy. . Economic diversification 6.2.6 – Enhance and support sustainable towns outside Newman by supporting businesses and employees to sustain a diverse and healthy economy. As a collective the actions seek to diversify the economy, promote small business, normalise townsites as well as attract and retain residents in turn lessening the impact fluctuating workforces pose to the Shire. LPS AMENDMENT No amendment needed.

28 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM REGIONAL PILLAR PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES Diverse and Intergenerational Communities

The resident population profile of the Pilbara is underrepresented in terms of residents aged 65 and over. This reflects the challenges of ageing in the Pilbara, particularly post retirement – namely, cost of living, accommodation options, health care access and relative isolation from family and friends. This loss of population has a significant impact on the economic and social character of the Pilbara, reducing the size and skill profile of the labour force due to lower shares of older, more experienced workers, while undermining the ability of the region to retain a resident population. Senior residents also provide important volunteer services within communities.

Enhancing the attractiveness and capacity of the Pilbara to accommodate older residents could include OPPORTUNITY / lifestyle and retirement villages, serviced apartments, community care and residential aged care services. ISSUE SUMMARY The Pilbara’s employment-related migration trends have also resulted in a significant gender imbalance, with the region characterised by a high male to female ratio. This gender imbalance raises significant social and community development issues, reflecting a predominance of single-person households and a below average share of families with children.

People identifed as Aboriginal represent an above average share of residents in the Pilbara. This cohort, however, is underrepresented in the workforce and in education and training and has below average health and socio-economic attributes. Improving the integration and participation of Aboriginal people in the workforce, business community and society in general must be a priority for stakeholders of the Pilbara. This integration and participation must take place in a way which retains, enhances and celebrates the Pilbara’s unique Aboriginal culture and history Similar to the Blueprint, the LPS identifies that there is a significantly higher ratio of men to women compared to the State, Newman in particular has a ratio of 3:1. It is noted that this has implications for community infrastructure and service planning.

Part Two of the LPS however, does not make reference to the underrepresentation of residents aged 65 and over. Although, several of the strategic actions included within the LPS target the key causes of this issue, as identified by the Blueprint. Notably cost of living, accommodation options and health care access.

Subsequently, it is recommended that the issue relating to the underrepresentation of residents aged 65 and over be included within Part Two Background Analysis of the LPS. LPS RESPONSE Similar to the Blueprint, the LPS identifies that Newman’s concentration of residents from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander background is under represented within the workforce. It equally recognises the opportunity for Aboriginal Corporations in the Shire, which provides avenue for the development of Aboriginal business which will assist in increasing local employment and investment in Aboriginal engagement in the local job market.

This issue of under representation in the job market and opportunity for Aboriginal Corporation development is captured within strategic action 6.2.6 Economic Diversification – Advance Aboriginal development via work placements, support existing and new businesses. Develop a small business policy to provide measures for specific Ingenious business initiatives. The issue of ageing in the Pilbara needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this, it is suggested Table 21 of section 14.2.7 Community Facility (Part Two), be amended to include: The resident population profile of the Pilbara is underrepresented in terms of residents aged 65 and RECOMMENDED over. This reflects the challenges of ageing in the Pilbara, particularly post retirement – namely, cost of LPS AMENDMENT living, accommodation options, health care access and relative isolation from family and friends. This loss of population has a significant impact on the economic and social character of the Pilbara, reducing the size and skill profile of the labour force due to lower shares of older, more experienced workers, while undermining the ability of the region to retain a resident population. Senior residents also provide important volunteer services within communities.

29 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR PEOPLE AND COMMUNITIES Innovative Local Remote Healthcare Delivery

The quality and accessibility of health services in regional Australia is generally below that of metropolitan areas. Smaller resident populations, coupled with dispersed and often isolated towns and communities, have undermined the effective delivery of health care in regions like the Pilbara. This is particularly the case for Aboriginal communities, the residents of which have some of the lowest health outcomes and life expectancies of any group in Australia. OPPORTUNITY / ISSUE SUMMARY To build upon and maximise the benefits of major investments by state and federal governments in tertiary health care facilities in the region, increased focus must be afforded to innovative service delivery options. This can range from teleconferencing-based consultations with specialist and mental health experts, to virtual procedures and in-home outreach post-acute care. Support for increased allied and primary health service provision in the Pilbara can also be facilitated through the increased availability of shared consulting facilities. A focus on health outcomes for older residents, Aboriginal communities, workers and primary health should be prioritised. Similar to the Blueprint, the LPS recognises the challenges associated with the provision of adequate health care services and the need for improvement. The LPS also identifies the improvement of these services will assist in attracting and retaining people to the Shire.

The LPS highlights a significant challenge to the provision of adequate health care services is underpinned by the difficulty of attracting a workforce for the service industry / community sector. In particular, the health, education and recreational services, aged care and Aboriginal services which face challenges in attracting suitably skilled personnel.

Focusing on the provision of healthcare within the Shire the LPS suggests the following strategic actions LPS RESPONSE to combat to issue of subpar health facilities:

. 6.6.2 Community Facilities - Plan and implement Newman Health Campus and Service Provision Master Plan;

. 6.6.3 Community Facilities – Encourage the development of a Business Case to progress the renewal of Newman hospital

Although the LPS recognises the issues and challenges surrounding health care provisions it does not highlight the opportunity associated with the innovative service delivery options as highlighted by the Blueprint. As such It is recommended this opportunity be captured in Part Two Background Analysis. The opportunities relating to improvement of health care provision needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 21 of section 14.2.7 Community Facility (Part Two), be amended to include: There is opportunity relating to innovative service delivery options. Which can range from teleconferencing- RECOMMENDED based consultations with specialist and mental health experts, to virtual procedures and in-home outreach LPS AMENDMENT post-acute care should be explored for the Shire; and

Support for increased allied and primary health service provision in the Pilbara can also be facilitated through the increased availability of shared consulting facilities. A focus on health outcomes for older residents, Aboriginal communities, workers and primary health should be prioritised.

30 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM REGIONAL PILLAR LOGISTICS, ENGINEERING AND SUPPLY CHAINS Industrial Fabrication, Assembly and Technology

The presence of globally significant mining activity in the Pilbara presents an opportunity for local businesses and industry to be centrally involved in the supply of equipment and materials fabrication, OPPORTUNITY / assembly and technologies. ISSUE SUMMARY This may include all aspects of equipment and technology development, such as initial research, prototype development, on-the-ground trials, manufacturing and fabrication and ongoing maintenance of operation. This will provide the opportunity for a greater share of mining sector supply chains to be captured in the region. The LPS recognises the opportunity of small business development leveraging from the dominance of the mining sector. As the Blueprint suggests there is vast opportunity for a greater share of mining supply chains to be captured in this region. The LPS proposes the following opportunities, as they specifically relate to the Shire:

. There is opportunity to capitalise on mining activity through supporting enterprise that seeks to recycle and reuse waste or by-product from resource operations. A determination of industry bi- products needs to be undertaken to determine the opportunities for waste reuse and recycling.

. Opportunities to capitalise on ancillary activities through local supply of goods and services through parts / stocks to support and service mines being held locally and supplied in a more LPS RESPONSE timely manner provides addition to local employment and assists in generating local economic diversity. This also reduces the cumulative environmental impact from the transport of good and services.

These opportunities are reflected within the strategic actions:

. 6.2.5 Economic Diversification – Investigate and implement support mechanisms to grow and sustain small business within the Shire. Develop and implement small business local planning policy; and

. Economic diversification 6.2.6 – Enhance and support sustainable towns outside Newman by supporting businesses and employees to sustain a diverse and healthy economy. RECOMMENDED No amendment needed. LPS AMENDMENT

31 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR INNOVATION AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Business Digital Connectivity

Technological transformations driving digital connectivity will increase the interconnectedness of people anywhere and anytime making the obstacle of distance redundant to communication, commerce and social connection. By 2020 there will be 50 billion networked devices that will impact on issues such as labour mobility and urban development. Increasing digital connectivity will stimulate the emergence of new services and tradeable commodities through improved access to markets, improved learning and trading platforms and increased mobility through a connected world that will help break down the financial and social costs of remoteness and isolation. OPPORTUNITY / ISSUE SUMMARY Continuing technological change – including micronisation, automation, telecommunications capacity and new communication mediums – will unlock opportunities across the Pilbara. Technology which increases the speed, reliability and capacity of communications will help overcome the tyrannies of distance and isolation that currently impact on the viability of accessing and facilitating learning and commerce opportunities.

Leveraging this technology to maximise the digital connectivity of businesses requires e-commerce, IT and technology support, as well as increased awareness and use by Pilbara small and medium businesses. Supporting businesses to develop the necessary skills to integrate digital technologies and communication into their operations is essential if new sources of growth are to be found. The LPS recognises the challenges associated with Telecoms and Telecommunications. In particular Part Two highlights:

. Limited connectivity along long distanced of main highways between towns;

. No mobile coverage for other telecommunication providers other than Telstra outside of Newman;

. No 4G connectivity; and

. Within Newman there are fluctuations in accessibility due to peak demand. eakP demand LPS RESPONSE periods are linked to mining shift end period. These challenges have been targets through the following strategic actions:

. 6.10.1 Infrastructure – Service infrastructure across the Shire is ageing and the functional life expectancy of assets is unknown. It is recommended the Shire align infrastructure upgrades with forecast population growth, and ensure ageing infrastructure is replaced with more efficient infrastructure in a coordinated.

As highlighted by the Blueprint, the opportunity associated with improved and continuing technological advances needs to be associated with small business development and aligned with the economic divarication section of the LPS. The opportunities relating to continuing technological change needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 16 of section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification (Part Two), be amended to include the following opportunity: Continuing technological change – including micronisation, automation, telecommunications capacity and new communication mediums – will unlock opportunities across the Shire. Technology which increases the speed, reliability and capacity of communications will help overcome the tyrannies of distance and isolation RECOMMENDED that currently impact on the viability of accessing and facilitating learning and commerce opportunities. LPS AMENDMENT This should be reflected through a new strategic action under 6.2 Economic Diversification: Leveraging technology to maximise the digital connectivity of businesses requires e-commerce, IT and technology support, as well as increased awareness and use by the Shire’s small and medium businesses. Supporting businesses to develop the necessary skills to integrate digital technologies and communication into their operations is essential to facilitate new growth sectors.

32 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM REGIONAL PILLAR INNOVATIVE AND ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY Automation Technology and Services

The Pilbara mining sector is the most advanced in terms of the adoption of automation technologies and processes. However, other sectors in Australia are increasingly leveraging advanced automation techniques, including remote-controlled dairy farms, port haulage and cargo handling and brick OPPORTUNITY / manufacturing. The increased demand for automation technologies and services, however, raises ISSUE SUMMARY concerns regarding future job generation in the Pilbara. The growth of more affordable industrial robotics means automation will be increasingly cost competitive with human labour.

Striking a balance between the adoption and incorporation of advanced robotics and maintaining and accelerating job generation is critical to the future sustainability of the Pilbara economy. The LPS recognises the issues associated with a homogenous economy and the issues associated with an overreliance on the mining sector. This challenge is addressed throughout the LPS with various strategic actions underpinned with the objective of promoting economic diversification through the Shire and lessening the reliance on the mining sector. LPS RESPONSE However, as the Blueprint highlights there is a specific concern relating to future job generation in light of the growth of more affordable industrial robotics and the threat this poses to human labour.

This challenge needs to be reflected within Part Two of the LPS to further strengthen the importance of economic diversification and the importance of the strategic actions which seek to achieve this. The issue relating to increased demand for automation technologies and services, and the concerns associated with future job generation needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 16 of section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification (Part Two), be amended to include the following opportunity: RECOMMENDED LPS AMENDMENT The increased demand for automation technologies and services, however, raises concerns regarding future job generation. The growth of more affordable industrial robotics means automation will be increasingly cost competitive with human labour. Striking a balance between the adoption and incorporation of advanced robotics and maintaining and accelerating job generation is critical to the future sustainability of the Shire economy. REGIONAL PILLAR DIVERSE & SMALL ROBUST SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES Small and Medium Enterprise Support

Small businesses are under-represented in the Pilbara region. Business cost pressures, worker housing constraints, a lack of suitable business property and a competitive labour market have all been identified as challenges for the establishment and operation of small businesses in the Pilbara. However, local supply chain and procurement opportunities in the minerals and energy sectors, coupled with the Pilbara’s comparative proximity to and profile within Asia, presents major opportunities for the region’s OPPORTUNITY / small business community. ISSUE SUMMARY Leveraging and facilitating the take-up of technologies and innovative business and service delivery models is key to circumventing challenges to traditional approaches to running a business and maximising exposure to market opportunities. This will require targeted training and development of the small business community (including incubation and acceleration programs) as well as efforts to promote and foster entrepreneurship in the region. Improved taxation arrangements are also considered necessary to support local business development and growth. The LPS recognises the opportunity of small business development leveraging from the dominance of the mining sector. As the Blueprint suggests there is vast opportunity for a greater share of mining supply chains to be captured in this region. The LPS proposes the following opportunities, as they specifically relate to the Shire of East Pilbara:

. There is opportunity to capitalise on mining activity through supporting enterprise that seeks to recycle and reuse waste or by-product from resource operations. A determination of industry bi- LPS RESPONSE products needs to be undertaken to determine the opportunities for waste reuse and recycling.

. Opportunities to capitalise on ancillary activities through local supply of goods and services through parts / stocks to support and service mines being held locally and supplied in a more timely manner provides addition to local employment and assists in generating local economic diversity. This also reduces the cumulative environmental impact from the transport of good and services. RECOMMENDED No amendment needed. LPS AMENDMENT

33 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR DIVERSE & SMALL ROBUST SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES Streamlining Governance

The Pilbara has the highest level of governance representation of any region in the state and arguably the nation. The current population of around 60,000 is represented by four LGAs, the LGA peak body (the Pilbara Regional Council (PRC)), federal and state government parliamentary representatives as well as federal and state statutory bodies and their regional representatives. Alignment of the objectives of these bodies and close coordination between the tiers of government are critical to the effective OPPORTUNITY / governance of the region. ISSUE SUMMARY The intensity of this governance is a major concern of small and medium businesses in the Pilbara, with regulatory compliance and “red and green tape” considered a constraint to business development and growth.

The Pilbara Development Commission and other key stakeholders have an important role to play in streamlining government regulations by providing a “one-stop-shop” for all business approvals and requirements. This can include a combination of physical and virtual information and service delivery models tailored to the specific needs of the Pilbara business community. The LPS has sought to encourage small business development notable through the strategic action 6.6 - Economic Diversification which states:

Small business growth and enhanced viability The Shire of East Pilbara Economic and Tourism Development Strategy 2012 – 2015 (ETDS) outlines the value of small business in ‘developing and supporting the enterprise and culture of the community’. The ETDS proposes that as growth occurs, new small businesses will emerge to meet the resultant growth in demand and provide the needed breadth of community services required to contribute to the liveability of the Shire. Small businesses LPS RESPONSE provide a range of benefits including generating and retaining income within the Shire. oT achieve this a small business policy will facilitate growth of small business in the face of challenges, such as labour availability and affordability. In turn, this will encourage economic diversity, business health, employment prospects plus a breadth of goods and services offered.

Although the Shire and LPS supports and seek to encourage small business there is an evident opportunity to include services offered by the Pilbara Development Commission to promote this sectors development. The opportunity to streamline governance should be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 16 of section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification (Part Two), be amended to RECOMMENDED include the following opportunity: LPS AMENDMENT Opportunity for the Pilbara Development Commission and other stakeholders to assist small business development through a combination of physical and virtual information and service delivery models tailored to the specific needs of the Shire’s business community.

34 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM REGIONAL PILLAR AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE High Value Agriculture and Cropping

Global food production needs to increase substantially if growing demand in developing countries in Asia, South America, the Middle East and Africa is to be met. Additionally, rising incomes in Asia and the growth of the global middle class is expected to drive demand for higher quality food produce and for protein-rich foods (namely livestock and dairy). This combination of growing demand and rising incomes presents a significant opportunity for Australia and its regions.

At the same time, opportunities to diversify regional food production into cropping must also be pursued. The proximity of the Pilbara to Asia, and strong accessibility to export infrastructure, means the OPPORTUNITY / Pilbara has the potential to export fresh food to growing South East Asian markets and/or feedstock to ISSUE SUMMARY local and regional markets.

However, the Pilbara’s higher cost of production and strong competition from other food-producing regions in Western Australia and the world means the Pilbara is not currently placed well to pursue bulk food crop production and export (i.e. coarse grains). Instead, niche and high-value cropping opportunities should be targeted. This will require innovative approaches to water management to support intensive horticulture and agricultural activities, as well as major branding and marketing activities to sell Pilbara and North West food to the world. Land tenure also needs to be resolved to facilitate major international investment in the region, akin to the Ord River Scheme in the Kimberley, and for the Pilbara to reach its true food-producing potential. The LPS recognises the opportunities associated with the agricultural production of produce. Specifically the LPS highlights:

. There are many opportunities for increased investment into bolstering the Shires agricultural production. Agricultural land is at a premium and future impacts on food availability and food security will secure the agricultural regions importance in the future. The ability for the Shire to produce food and agriculture products to support the region as well as transport nationally and internationally is significant. Water and labour is a critical component of generating a strong agricultural industry. There is a significant opportunity to capitalise on the discharge water from mining activity to support agriculture. Agriculture land should be preserved in specific locations than enable efficient and use of this reusable resource.

These opportunities are reflected within Part One through the following strategic action:

. 6.2.9 Economic Diversification – Investigate opportunities to increase agriculture production and development of this sector to safeguard food availability and security in the future. Partner with and seek advice from the Department of Agriculture and Food (DAFWA) to identify and advance these LPS RESPONSE opportunities.

Harnessing waste and labour are central to the success of this endeavour, in particular preserving agriculture land in locations that allow for the efficient transfer and use of water which is discharged from mine sites. In assessing future rezoning of land for housing or commercial use, it should be ensured that the impact on prime agriculture land or water re-use opportunities are given appropriate priority consideration.

To preserve strategic agriculture land, define appropriate buffers around Pilbara Hinterland Agriculture Development Initiative (PHDI) areas and existing agriculture areas to allow for expansion. The Shire should undertake research and studies to determine the optimal buffer areas.

The LPS recognises the opportunity associated with niche crop markets and innovative approaches to water management which are capable of supporting intensive horticulture and agricultural activities. Strategic action which seeks to develop this industry and enable suitable land zoning provision are recognised within the LPS. RECOMMENDED No amendment needed. LPS AMENDMENT

35 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR AGRICULTURE AND AQUACULTURE Aquaculture, Algae Biofuels and Co-products

The Pilbara’s extensive and relatively population-free coastline and inland areas makes it ideal for aquaculture. One offshore marine aquaculture zone has been declared by the Government of esternW Australia, with another currently being progressed. These zones, located in the Kimberley and Mid- West regions, respectively, are currently being established with the aim of providing “investment-ready” locations for offshore aquaculture activities. The Pilbara has a number of offshore locations suitable for OPPORTUNITY / aquaculture, as demonstrated by the pearling industry. ISSUE SUMMARY Onshore marine aquaculture also has significant potential, with a number of coastal areas suitable for pond aquaculture of crustaceans and finfish. In addition, the vast quantities of fresh water associated with mining activities from dewatering and mine pit lakes, in addition to artesian sources, also presents future opportunities for inland aquaculture. The lack of suitable locations in other parts of the world means long-term demand for pristine environments off the WA central and North West coasts may see focus invariably shift to the Pilbara. The LPS recognises the opportunities associated with the agricultural production of produce however, there is an evident gap with the opportunities associated with aquaculture. As such, it is recommended LPS RESPONSE the LPS be amended to ensure all avenue of farming are investigated.

The opportunities relating to the development of aquaculture, algae biofuels and co-products needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 16 of section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification (Part Two), be amended to include the following opportunity: Onshore marine aquaculture also has significant potential, with a number of coastal area suitable for pond aquaculture. In addition, the vast quantities of fresh water associated with mining activities from RECOMMENDED dewatering and mine pit lakes, in addition to artesian sources also presents future opportunities for inland LPS AMENDMENT aquaculture. The lack of suitable locations in other parts of the world means long-term demand for pristine environments off the WA central and North West coasts may see focus invariably shift to the Pilbara.

This should be reflected through a new strategic action under 6.2 Economic Diversification: Studies to be undertaken into the future viability of aquaculture, algae biofuels and co-products within the Shire of East Pilbara. REGIONAL PILLAR ENERGY Energy Production

OPPORTUNITY / The Pilbara is blessed with one of the most intensive and extensive mixes of energy assets in the world. ISSUE SUMMARY The Pilbara possesses offshore and onshore gas reserves, coal deposits, geothermal, biofuel production potential and consistent and intensive solar radiation. Realising and exploiting these energy assets will be critical to the development and growth of the Pilbara The LPS recognises the opportunities associated with renewable energy as it relates to the Shire’s infrastructure. Specifically, part Two of the LPS recognises:

. Opportunities to deliver sustainable alternatives to servicing infrastructure to provide greater efficient, minimise whole of life infrastructure costs and provide positive environmental, social and LPS RESPONSE economic outcomes.

These opportunities are reflected within Part One through the following strategic action:

. 6.10.6 Infrastructure – Investigate the opportunity to install sustainable power infrastructure to reduce the demand on the power networks and allow for additional electrical supply. RECOMMENDED No amendment needed. LPS AMENDMENT

36 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM REGIONAL PILLAR ENERGY Energy export

While improving energy security and self-sufficiency in the Pilbara is an important goal, the size and quality of the region’s energy assets means they also represent a significant export opportunity. The established energy export profile is a valuable asset that provides the Pilbara the opportunity to tap into growing global demand and build upon its established export capacities. In addition to offshore oil and gas exports, Western Australia is blessed with significant onshore gas resources, either in tight gas or OPPORTUNITY / shale gas deposits. Major deposits include the Perth, Carnarvon and Canning basins. The Canning Basin, ISSUE SUMMARY the largest of all three basins, extends along the coast north of Port Hedland to north of Derby and inland, south-east towards the Western Australia and Northern Territory border.

In terms of alternate fuels, the establishment and expansion of industrial algae-based biofuel production may provide a potential niche export market for the Pilbara to other parts of Western Australia, Australia and the world. This would require not only the establishment of extensive transport and export infrastructure but also increased acceptance of non-fossil liquid fuels in the global energy mix. While unlikely in the short to medium term, it represents a significant potential opportunity in the long term. The LPS recognises the opportunities associated with the agricultural production of produce however, there is an evident gap with the opportunities associated with the development and exportation of LPS RESPONSE alternative fuels. As such, it is recommended the LPS be amended to the opportunity associated with algae based biofuel and the niche export market be included within the LPS.

The opportunities relating to the development of aquaculture, algae biofuels and co-products needs to be reflected within the LPS. To address this it is suggested that Table 16 of section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification (Part Two), be amended to include the following opportunity: The establishment and expansion of industrial algae-based biofuel production may provide a potential RECOMMENDED niche export market. This would require not only the establishment of extensive transport and export LPS AMENDMENT infrastructure but also increased acceptable of non-fossil liquid fuels in the global energy mix.

37 Shire of East Pilbara REGIONAL PILLAR TOURISM The tourism sector, arguably more than any other sector in the region, has suffered from “crowding out” caused by competition for short-stay accommodation, transportation vehicles and labour. Despite the attraction of the Pilbara’s rugged landscape for adventure tourism, the sector remains largely underdeveloped in terms of the adequacy of tourism-related infrastructure, marketing and promotion, and short-stay accommodation choices.

The Pilbara has an established visitation sector, with strong growth over the past decade in aircraft and passenger movements through all major airports. This visitation has been primarily associated with OPPORTUNITY / employment- and business-related travel, which has effectively crowded out leisure and holiday-based ISSUE SUMMARY tourism. With the transitioning of the current mining cycle to the production phase and additional capacity in the travel and accommodation sectors, there is a Transformational Opportunities in the short- medium-term to incentivise greater numbers of leisure-based tourists. Aboriginal culture and heritage should figure strongly in the development of new assets and attractions.

Realising this potential, through targeted investment in sustainable commercial operations is critical to enhancing the quality of life, socio-economic status and participation of Aboriginal people in the Pilbara economy and society. There is also great synergy for the Pilbara to partner with the Kimberley to become Australia’s cultural tourism hub. Similar to the Blueprint the LPS recognises the challenges prohibiting the development of the tourism sector within the region as well as the associated opportunities of this markets development. The issues identified in Part One as they relate to tourism include:

. Access – many tourism sites are difficult to access due to challenging terrain.

. Infrastructure - particularly transport and communications do not support growth in the tourism market. Tourism drivers need to be supported with adequate infrastructure to encourage market development.

LPS RESPONSE . Competition - tourism branding is not strong. Tourism in the Shire needs to communicate the tourism differentiators in comparison to other locations.

. Facilities - In Newman many of the tourism accommodation facilities are at capacity due to mining related uses. This impacts the accessibility, affordability and attractiveness of Newman as a tourism destination.

. Destinations - Nullagine and Marble Bar are no well known as tourist destinations.

The above issues as well as the opportunities associated with the development of the tourism sector are reflected within section6.3 Tourism and Visitor of Part One of the LPS. RECOMMENDED No amendment needed. LPS AMENDMENT

38 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 2.6.3. LPS AMENDMENTS SUMMARY

Table 2 summarises the identified gaps in Section 2.6.2 and provides recommendation as to how these are incorporated within the LPS. These recommendations have been included within Part 1 of the LPS.

Table 3: LPS Amendments Summary

LPS SECTION GAP AMENDMENT Ageing in the The resident population profile of the Pilbara is Pilbara underrepresented in terms of residents aged 65 and over. This reflects the challenges of ageing in the Pilbara, particularly post retirement – namely, cost of living, accommodation options, Part Two health care access and relative isolation from family and Section 14.2.7 Community Facility friends. This loss of population has a significant impact on the Table 21 economic and social character of the Pilbara, reducing the size and skill profile of the labour force due to lower shares of older, more experienced workers, while undermining the ability of the region to retain a resident population. Senior residents also provide important volunteer services within communities. Innovative service There is opportunity relating to innovative service delivery delivery options. Which can range from teleconferencing-based consultations with specialist and mental health experts, to virtual procedures and in-home outreach post-acute care Part Two should be explored for the Shire; and Section 14.2.7 Community Facility Table 21 Support for increased allied and primary health service provision in the Pilbara can also be facilitated through the increased availability of shared consulting facilities. A focus on health outcomes for older residents, Aboriginal communities, workers and primary health should be prioritised. Continuing Continuing technological change – including micronisation, technological automation, telecommunications capacity and new change communication mediums – will unlock opportunities across Part Two the Shire. Technology which increases the speed, reliability Section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification and capacity of communications will help overcome the Table 16 tyrannies of distance and isolation that currently impact on the viability of accessing and facilitating learning and commerce opportunities. Continuing Leveraging technology to maximise the digital connectivity of technological businesses requires e-commerce, IT and technology support, change as well as increased awareness and use by the Shire’s small Part One and medium businesses. Supporting businesses to develop Section 6.2 Economic Diversification the necessary skills to integrate digital technologies and communication into their operations is essential to facilitate new growth sectors. Demand for The increased demand for automation technologies and automation services, however, raises concerns regarding future job technologies and generation. The growth of more affordable industrial robotics Part Two services means automation will be increasingly cost competitive with Section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification human labour. Striking a balance between the adoption and Table 16 incorporation of advanced robotics and maintaining and accelerating job generation is critical to the future sustainability of the Shire economy.

39 Shire of East Pilbara LPS SECTION GAP AMENDMENT Development of Onshore marine aquaculture also has significant potential, aquaculture, algae with a number of coastal area suitable for pond aquaculture. bio fuels and co- In addition, the vast quantities of fresh water associated Part Two products with mining activities from dewatering and mine pit lakes, in Section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification addition to artesian sources also presents future opportunities Table 16 for inland aquaculture. The lack of suitable locations in other parts of the world means long-term demand for pristine environments off the WA central and North West coasts may see focus invariably shift to the Pilbara. Development of Studies to be undertaken into the future viability of Part One aquaculture, algae aquaculture, algae biofuels and co-products within the Shire of Section 6.2 Economic Diversification bio fuels and co- East Pilbara. products Energy exports The establishment and expansion of industrial algae-based Part Two biofuel production may provide a potential niche export Section 14.2.2 Economic Diversification market. This would require not only the establishment of Table 16 extensive transport and export infrastructure but also increased acceptable of non-fossil liquid fuels in the global energy mix.

40 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 03 LOCAL CONTEXT

The local context has been shaped by reviewing the that have been acted on since 2004, strategies that have relevant existing local planning documents. These not been acted on but are still relevant to the Shire and documents provide the foundation for existing planning strategies that are considered outdated based on the and development in the Shire of East Pilbara including change and progression of the Shire. the existing Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Strategy. 3.2. SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA TOWN 3.1. SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA LOCAL PLANNING SCHEME NO. 4 PLANNING STRATEGY 2004 The Shire of East Pilbara Town Planning Scheme No 4 The current Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Strategy (TPS4) was originally gazetted on 13 December 2005 (LPS 2004) was prepared by Taylor Burrell Barnett Town and most recently amended in March 2013. The TPS4 Planning Consultants and was adopted in November forms the primary statutory document controlling and 2005. The LPS 2004 provides a 10- 15 years guideline and influencing the nature of development in the East Pilbara framework for planning within the municipality. Local Government area.

The Local Planning Strategy is a planning tool that enables A Scheme amendment to TPS4 is likely to be required Council to set out its vision for the Shire, and stipulate the in order to implement the strategic vision of the Local longer term direction for land use and development. The Planning Strategy, the likely amendments include: Shire has experienced significant economic, population, ++ New agricultural zone housing and employment growth, over the past decade. For the LPS to remain current and fulfill its purpose as ++ Higher residential densities a guiding strategic document it must account for such ++ Tourism – short term accommodation provisions – pivotal changes. Subsequently, a review of the preceding zoning change LPS has been undertaken, accounting for the significant ++ Newman to be a logistic hub changes which have occurred within the region and concurrently setting a new vision, aspirations and strategic Scheme Amendments are dependent on the Shire’s direction for the Shire. processes forward and level of implementation given to the recommendations and strategic guidance within the The LPS 2004 represents a comprehensive review of the LPS. Section 75 of the Planning and Development Act 2005 Shire, including: provides for local government to amend a local planning scheme, it is advised the procedure for amending a Town ++ In-depth historical and background description of the Shire; Planning Scheme is set out in the State Government Town Planning regulations 1967 is followed. ++ Analysis of the implications from major strategic regional documents including the Shire of East Pilbara Planning and development of the Shire is guided by the Town Planning Scheme No. 1; the Pilbara Land Use TPS4, anchored by the primary aims of the Scheme which Strategy 1997; and “Which Way the Bar’ – Marble Bar Community Development Strategy; include: ++ An assessment of the environmental and social issues ++ To assist the effective implementation of the State affecting the Shire; Planning Strategy and any regional plans and policies which are relevant to the Shire; ++ A District Development Strategy for the Shire; and ++ To foster efficient, hospitable and aesthetic town centres + + Development strategies for the major townsites to serve as residential, civil, cultural, recreational and (Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine). commercial focal points for the surrounding region; The information within the LPS 2004 has been reviewed ++ To foster efficient hospitable and aesthetic town centres for relevancy and used to inform the development of this to serve as residential, civic, cultural, recreational and LPS. commercial focal points for the surrounding region; ++ To assist commercial, industrial and business The strategies developed as parts of the LPS 2004 have development in order to maximise business and also been reviewed as part of this Local Planning Strategy. employment opportunities and to sustain and broaden This processes has sought to identity those strategies the economic base;

41 Shire of East Pilbara ++ To accommodate infrastructure and town site A pocket of industrial land is located on the outskirts of development for the beneficial exploration and mining the town to the north-west. Various public purpose sites of minerals within the Shire; are sporadically located throughout the town. ++ To assist the sustainable and economic operation of the pastoral industry in the region; Nullagine ++ To support housing choice in town sites and The Nullagine Townsite is the smallest of the major neighbourhoods with community identity and high townsites in the Shire of East Pilbara. The site is levels of amenity predominately zoned ‘Nullagine Townsite’, dissected into ++ To support the conservation and wise use of natural east and west by Nullagine Road. resources including land, wetlands, flora, fauna and minerals; The Townsite contains three land parcels of Recreation zoned land and has sporadically located parcels of public ++ To conserve objects and places of natural, historic and cultural significance; and purpose zoned land. ++ To protect routes and corridors for the effective Aboriginal Settlements transportation of people and goods within the region. Aboriginal Settlements are largely mitigated by TPS4 Existing and proposed development is heavily focused and approved Layout Plans implemented by the WAPC, within the major townsites of Newman, Nullagine which seek to provide a framework for the planning and Marble Bar. A summary of the statutory planning and cohesive development of settlements. The Layout framework for each of the major townsites within the Plan includes the proposed layout of development and Shire is summarised in this Section. indicates the proposed land use and construction details of any buildings or works proposed. Unless otherwise Newman specified in the adopted Layout Plan or related Policy, Residential zoning dominates Newman, the Town development and land use shall not occur within an Centre zone located in the centre of the town is bound Aboriginal Settlement. by residential parcels to the north, east and south. The Residential zones comprise predominately of a The following Aboriginal settlements are within the Shire split density coding of Residential R15/40. Parks and and have been given due regard in the development of Recreation reserves are sporadically located throughout the LPS: residential zoned areas, as well as in the town centre and ++ Jigalong; near the public purpose zones. ++ Punmu; Located north-east of the Town Centre zone are five ++ Parngurr; parcels of Special Use zoned lots. A Community and ++ Kiwirrkurra; Cultural purpose zone binds the north-west edge of the town, and pockets of Industrial zoned land are located ++ Kunawarritji; and towards the south-west ++ Warralong.

Expansion opportunities have been identified and In addition to the above listed Settlements, the following accommodated within the LPS through two current Town Based Settlements also exist: pending proposed scheme amendments. ++ Irrungadji (Nullagine); Marble Bar ++ Goodabinya (Marble Bar); and Residential zoning dominates Marble Bar. The centre of ++ Parnpajinya (Newman). the townsite comprises Recreation zoned land which is attached to the Town Centre zone to the north-east and Community and Cultural Purpose zone located to the north-west of the site.

42 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 3.3 SHIRE OF EAST PILBARA STRATEGIC 3.4. NEWMAN TOMORROW 2030 COMMUNITY PLAN 2013 -2022 VISION The Shire of East Pilbara’s Strategic Community Plan is The Newman Tomorrow – 2030 Vision is a strategic a strategic document prepared for the Shire of East document focused on Newman and developed Pilbara as a strategy and planning document to reflects in accordance with the overarching Community community and local government aspirations and Development Strategy (outlined in section 3.3). The Vision priorities over a 10+ year period. for Newman is to develop as a cohesive community providing an economic hub for the region, linked by The Strategic Community Plan is part of an integrated vibrant local centres and shared spaces. framework designed to: The key priorities outlined within the Newman Tomorrow ++ Ensure community input is explicitly and reliably generated; – 2030 Vision will inform the development of the LPS and the strategies relating to community development ++ Provide the capacity for location specific planning, (including community needs infrastructure requirements where appropriate; and services). The specific initiatives include: ++ Inform the long-term objectives of the local government with these inputs; 4. People of vitality. The diversity and quality of education and skills development options; employment options; + + Identify the resourcing required to deliver against these health services; and access to recreational, leisure and objectives; and creative activities. + + Clearly articulate long-term financial implications and 5. Communities of substance. The fostering of strategies. harmonious communities acknowledging a shared The Strategic Community Plan provides a comprehensive heritage; strong community groups, networks and governance; relevant and affordable community understanding of the Shire’s social, economic, services; and the provision of equitable and well- environmental and civic aspirations. This foundation managed community infrastructure. information is core to informing the development of 6. Places of connection. Shire-wide planning and a the LPS with regards to community, social and cultural quality regional road network; the quality and supply information. Specifically, the Strategic Community Plan of housing and land for industry and commerce; the addresses the current stock and description of a range provision of safe places and spaces; and accessible, of community infrastructure, determining the likely needs amenable towns. for the community into the future. 7. Economies of strength. Infrastructure supporting economic development, partnerships with industry and The following elements are considered within the Plan: tourism.

++ Shopping / retail 8. Environments of balance. The maintenance and environmental management of iconic Pilbara landscapes + + Entertainment / Recreation for generations to come; reduced ecological footprints; ++ Community Infrastructure such as community facilities and the development of clean, green towns. and features (i.e. public art) ++ Environment including green space and trees ++ Health / Medical services and facilities ++ Housing / Accommodation

It is noted that the Strategy is based on a growth scenario of 15,000 for Newman. Marble Bar and Nullagine are to contribute to the projected accumulative population of 25,000 for all ‘village’ classified settlement in line with the Pilbara planning and Infrastructure Framework.

43 Shire of East Pilbara 04 LOCAL PROFILE

The Shire of East Pilbara is found within the Pilbara region In an effort to support growth and development, as well of Western Australia (WA), encompassing 371,696 km² as diversify the economic base of the region, the Western (including offshore islands), the Pilbara spans the breadth Australian Government has developed the Pilbara Cities of central WA. The Pilbara incorporates the Shires of East (2012) vision. The Royalties for Region’s funded scheme Pilbara, Ashburton, Port Hedland and Roebourne, an area aims to capitalise on the region’s economic prosperity, stretching east-west from the coast of Exmouth to the proposed infrastructure provisions, unique character Northern Territory border. and environment. Expansion in resources, agriculture, tourism and fisheries sectors, along with complementary The Pilbara region is rich in minerals, hydrocarbons, developments in the provision of services are anticipated fisheries, agriculture and tourism assets. Aided by its to result in transforming the region from a “residential proximity to emerging and existing high demand markets, quarry” to a desirable and resilient population centre the region has been called “the engine room of the (Pilbara Cities, 2012). Australian economy” and is of significant economic and geostrategic importance to State and National interests. The Shire of East Pilbara is located within the Pilbara Region, to the east of the Shires of Port Hedland, According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), the Roebourne and Ashburton (Figure 3). The Shire was Pilbara has a population of 59,894 people (ABS, 2012), formed by an amalgamation of the Shires of Marble Bar most of who live in the western third of the region. The and Nullagine in 1972. Upon amalgamation, the Shire majority of Pilbara residents reside in the region’s towns, became the largest Shire in the world comprising an area which include Port Hedland, Karratha, Newman and of over 379,571 km² (Pilbara Cities, 2012). Marble Bar. A substantial number of people also work in the region on a FIFO basis.

Figure 3: Regional Context

44 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM The total population of the Shire was recorded at 12,257 Figure 4 shows the location of the major townsites, people in 2011 (ABS, 2011). The major settlement areas Aboriginal settlements and major mine sites within the accommodate the largest population concentrations. Shire. These settlement areas are Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. The Shire’s administrative centre is located in the largest of the centres, Newman.

The Shire area also contains numerous Aboriginal settlements including Jigalong, Punmu and Parngurr. Aboriginal Town Based Settlements are also located in the towns of Nullagine (Irrungadi community) and Marble Bar (Goodabinya); these settlements are included in the data referred to as the ‘rural balance’.

Figure 4: Shire of East Pilbara Context Map

45 Shire of East Pilbara 4.1. PHYSICAL FEATURES ++ The eastern half of the Shire is underlain by the Canning Basin, a Phanerozoic (Aged from 540 million years to the The natural topography within the Shire of East Pilbara present) basin that is propective for hydrocarbons. has been historically and geographically accepted as an ++ Neoproterozoic Officer Basin sediments – aged between area of ancient geology, rugged topography and complex 900 million and 540 million years geomorphologic structure. The area consists of the desert ++ Rudall Comples of Palaeoproterozoic or early tracts of the Canning Basin and areas of the region and Proterozoic age, of metamorphic rocks. is rich in various minerals, of which the present mining + of extensively distributed iron ore deposits represent the + Yeneeno Basin rocks of Mesoproterozoic or middle Proterozoic age. latest, and probably most important resource. The ancient rock outcrops are a major natural heritage The region can be separated into three distinct feature of the Shire. Additionally, a number of geographical formations; the coastal plain, inland and internationally important fossil sites are contained within arid desert (which extends to Australia’s dry centre). protected reserves managed by the Geological Survey of Western Australia. 4.1.1. CLIMATE Generally the Shire of East Pilbara experiences a large 4.1.3. SOILS AND TOPOGRAPHY diurnal temperature variation year round, characteristic The East Pilbara sub-region features the Great Sandy of typical desert-type climate. During the summer a Desert, a gently undulating plain which rises to 450m maximum temperature in excess of 40° C is frequent and above sea level. The chief soils are red earthy sands extreme conditions with temperatures above 50°C are and red siliceous sands with ironstone gravels locally. not uncommon in inland areas. During the winter months Occasional outcrops of sandstone and conglomerate rise the average day time temperature falls to 25°C. above the plain (shown in Figure 5 and Figure 6).

Mean annual rainfall is mostly 150-250mm, dropping Shallow gravels with deep sandy gravels are found on to 100mm in the south-east. There is greater chance of lateritic plains and tablelands. The hills and ranges have summer rain in the north while rain is mostly likely in Stony solid, red loamy earths, red shallow loams, red either summer or winter in the south. In the north, the shallow sands and red earths. Red-brown hardpan shallow climate becomes a tropical semi-desert with 9-11 dry loams are found on wash pans, stony plains and the months and rainfall increases 600mm near the cape. footslopes of some hills. Calcareous loamy earths occur on calcrete plains while salt lake soils are also present. 4.1.2. GEOLOGY The East Pilbara is estimated to be more than 3.5 million 4.1.4. WATERWAYS AND CATCHMENT AREAS years old, comprising of ancient sedimentary rocks and The Pilbara State of the Environment Report outlines the some of the most ancient traces of life on earth, known catchment areas and waterways within the Pilbara region. as stromatolites. There are five major drainage basins for the region, being The Shire contains all, or portion of seven main tectonic the Ashburton River, Onslow Coast, Fortescue River, Port units, geologically distinct and together forming an area Hedland Coast and De Grey River. These have been of generally rugged terrain – with some extensive coastal shown in Figure 7. plains. Tectonic units include: The Shire area is traversed by several noteable river ++ Pilbara Block – Archaean granites and gneisses with systems, such as the Fortescue River; DeGrey River and some highly metamorphased volcanic and sedimentary Ashburton River. The area is subject to flooding with the rocks. locations and severity of flooding varying depending on ++ Hamersley Basin – Archaean to Proterozoic age, weather events, with the majority of the damage caused sandstones and volcanic of low metamorphic grade. following natural disaster events such as tropical cyclones Extensive areas of banded iron formation, includes and tropical lows. As a result, most run-off occurs during canozoic valley fill alluviums and calcretes of the the period December to March. Fortescue valley. The basin age translates to times ranging from approx 2,700 million years to about 2,400 The majority of the Shire is covered by the Sandy Desert – million years old ++ Gascoyne Province – Proterozoic granites, sedimentary and metamorphic sedimentary rocks.

46 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Lake Dora catahcment area. This majority of the eastern portion of the Shire rains into the Sandy Desert Basin, which contains extensive areas of salt lake chains (Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013).

The De Grey River is most significant for the Shire of East Pilbara, with several catchment areas located within the Shire that flow into tributaries of the De Grey River system. These include the Oakover River, Coongan River, Nullagine River and Shaw River.

The Pilbara State of the Environment Report 2013 indicates that the De Grey River has the highest mean annual flow. Flows are predominantly due to rainfall and as a result vary seasonally (January to March) and during periods of high rainfall e.g. cyclones.

4.1.5. WETLANDS The Pilabara contains a number of internationally (RAMSAR) and Nationally significant wetlands. Within the Shire of East Pilbara, there the De Grey River wetland system, is listed in the Directory of Important Wetlands in Australia (Environment Australia, 2001). This wetland system is of high ecological value and also provides cultural value to the local Indigenous people (Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013).

4.1.6. GROUNDWATER The Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013 states that groundwater is most easily located and accessed near surface water drainage lines or alluvial channels. Groundwater sources have been shown in Figure 7.

47 Shire of East Pilbara 48 HAMES SHARLEY

23ne Ju 2016 2:57 PM

Figure 5: Pilbara Soils and Topography Source: Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013 S hire of E ast P ilbara

Figure 6: Landform Source: Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013 49 50 HAMES SHARLEY

23ne Ju 2016 2:57 PM

Figure 7: Groundwater Source: Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013 4.1.7. WATER SUPPLY The Pilbara Groundwater Allocation Plan (DoW, 2012) Groundwater is the major source of water for the Shire of identifies nine ‘target’ groundwater aquifers within the East Pilbara and the region as a whole, with groundwater region. The Lower De Grey Alluvial is located in the attributing 97% of the water supply regionally. Rainfall western portion of the Shire and should be considered reliability and the arid climate of the Shire means that through strategic planning for the Shire. surface water as a means of water supply can not be depended on. The State of the Environment Report indicates that mining and mining related industry consumes over 80% The Pilbara State of the Environment Report 2013, states of total water licenced for use in the Pilbara region. The that a number surface water resources are used in the remaining 9% is used for public drinking water supply and region including the De-Grey and Ashburton Rivers. other industries (DoW Water Register, 2013). Figure 8 However, yields from these sources are low. outlines the breakdown of water use by industry / activity.

Figure 8: Water use by industry / activity Source: Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013

Mine dewatering consumes the majority of the water As outlined in Section 2.1.4, it is the intent of the Shire consumed for mining related uses. Impacts from mine of East Pilbara Planning Scheme to reflect PDWSA’s as dewatering are a significant consideration for the region Special Control Area. The Scheme should be revewed to and the Shire and are managed under the Rights in Water ensure it considers the four PDWSA’s identified above. and Irrigation Act 1914. Water recycling Public Drinking Water Schemes Whilst water recycling does not occur extensively within There are ten existing public drinking water source areas the region or the Shire of East Pilbara, a number of recent within the Pilbara region (Pilbara State of the Environment schemes are being implemented that are likely to provide Report, 2013). Of these, four are located within, or patially a benchmark for how water in managed within the Region. within the Shire of East Pilbara, including: Initiatives that are currently being explored include ++ Newman Water Reserve; Hamersley Agricultural Project. This project uses surplus ++ Nullagine Water Reserve; water from below water table mining at Rio Tinto’s Marandoo mine (Tom Price) for agricultural irrigation for ++ Marble Bar Water Reserve; and fodder production at Hammersley Station. As part of this + + De Grey River Water Reserve (partially located within the project, reinjection of water into the borefield will also be Town of Port Hedland). undertaken to replenish the aquifer that supplies water to the Tom Price township (DoW, 2011 in Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013). 51 Shire of East Pilbara Additionally the State Government has just intiated the 5. Gorge Ranges, part of the Pilbara Block geologically Pilbara Hinterland Agricultural Development Initiative volcanic and metamorphic sedimentary rocks of (PHADI) through the Royalties for Regions program. The Archaean age, vegetation of snappy gum and spinifex. PHADI proposes to assist in establishing agricultural 6. Oakover Valley, shalesdolomites and volcanic with some opportunities through using surplus mine dewater for phanerozoic limestones, Kanji, spinifex, some mulga. irrigation in the Pilbara region. 7. Stuart hills, forming the north western end of the Ashburton Trough tectonic unit, geologically arkose As part of the initiative, two pilot projects have been conglomerates, shales, some granites. Vegetation is defined (DAFWA, 2014): smokewood and spinifex, sparse shrubs and spinifex.

++ Woodie Woodie Pilot Project - 38 ha to be used to 8. Onslow Coastal Plain, sands, limestones and alluvium, evaluate cropping options, including fodder production mixed shrub steppes, wattle scrub and shrub savannah. for cattle and biofuel crops utilising surplus mine Immediately to the south of the Pilbara Region, the dewater; and Gascoyne Region is marked by a distinct change in ++ Yandicoogina Pilot Project - A 38 ha irrigated pilot site geology and vegetation. The volcanic and iron formations to evaluate a range of indicator crops utilising surplus of the Hamersley Plateau give way to conglomerates and mine dewater from multiple mining operations is being developed. shales of the Ashburton Trough and then to sandstones, shales and carbonates of the Gangemall Basin, with a The Yandicoogina Pilot Project is located within the Shire distinct vegetation change to snakewood and mulga of East Pilbara. shrubland, and open shrubland, with mulga and spinifex low woodlands to the east. The intent of the PHADI is to facilitate improved water management, water conservation and assist in economic The Pilbara’s bio-subregions provide diverse landscapes diversification and investment opportunities for a more creating habitats that support an array of mammal, sustainable Pilbara region. reptile, bird and invertebrate species. The region is prolific in arid zone reptiles, particularly in the Great Sandy Desert 4.1.8. FLORA AND FAUNA (BHPB, 2009). The region provides a unique composition of vegetation, which is reflective of the characteristic climate, land forms, The region provides a unique composition of vegetation, geology and soils. Most of the East Pilbara sub-region is a which is reflective of the characteristic climate, land forms, shrub steppe grading to a tree steppe. The ground cover geology and soils. Most of the East Pilbara sub-region is a is predominately Triodia, the shrubs Hakea, Acacia and shrub steppe grading to a tree steppe. The ground cover Grevillea. The trees are Acacia aneura, Owenia reticulate is predominately Triodia, the shrubs Hakea, Acacia and and Eucalyptus spp. Grevillea. The trees are Acacia aneura, Owenia reticulate and Eucalyptus spp. Pysiographic units and their corresponding vegetation are: BCE (2013) identify five broad Vegetation and Substrate 1. Abydos Plan, an area largely consisting of ancient Associations: granites and metamorphic rocks, generally covered with ++ VSA 1. Acacia shrubs over hummock grasslands on Kanji and spinifex, with coastal area of grass savannah stony hills and plains. and spinifex, with snappy gum steppe on higher landforms. ++ VSA 2. Eucalypt woodland over hummock grasslands on stony hills and plain. 2. Chichester Plateau, part of the Hamersley Basin of old shales, sandstones and volcanic, shrub steppes and ++ VSA 3. Bloodwood woodland over hummock grasslands spinifex with areas of short grassland. on undulating stony hills. 3. Fortescue Vallue, part of the Hamersley Basin Techtonic ++ VSA 4. Well-developed cliff lines along mesa edges or unit, but geologically of valley fill alluviums and gorges. calcretes, with mulgashort grassland grass plains with ++ VSA 5. Riparian zones (including eucalypt riparian spinifex and tree steppes on upper valley sides. woodland and adjacent loam plains supporting 4. Hamersley Plateau, lower proterzoic shales and volcanic, shrublands and spinifex). with extensive banded iron formations. Snappy gum and spinifexwith aeras of mulga and spinifex.

52 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 05 POPULATION AND HOUSING

Various secondary data sources including Australian Between June 2011 and June 2012, the Pilbara region Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Pilbara Development recorded the second highest population increase of all Commission have been used to inform the population SA3s outside of Greater Perth with an increase of 2,200 and housing profile for the Shire. people. The Pilbara also recorded the second fastest population increase of 3.5% (ABS, 2012). Existing forecast growth projections have been identified based on historical growth rate data, which captures At 2011, the Shire of East Pilbara recorded a resident high growth rates due to historically intense resource population 11,950 (ABS, 2011). This represented 20% of activity and mining investment in the Region. As a the total number of people that are usual residents within result, further work was undertaken to determine the the Pilbara Region. The Shire of East Pilbara estimated likely future population of the Shire of East Pilbara and residential population forecast for 2013 as 12,814 (ABS, capture population responses to more recent downturns April 2013). At Census 2011, the residential population in mining activity. Changes largely related to the change of the three major townsites within the Shire was 5,478 in iron ore market prices and demand has shifted the level in Newman, 208 in Marble Bar and 178 in Nullagine. of growth occurring in the region. The relative proportion that each town comprises of the whole Shire population shown in Figure 9. The forecasting involved extensive research and consultation with a range of stakeholders (including The demographic characteristics overview for the Shire is industry and Government) that will have an influence in shown in Table 2 and Table 3 below. the way that the Shire grows and develops into the future. The 2011 Census data reveals that the Shire of East 5.1. POPULATION Pilbara’s place of enumeration population estimate (that is the location on census night) was 17,148, or At June 2012, the estimated resident population of approximately 43.5% higher than the reported resident Western Australia was 2.43 million people, which population of just under 12,000 (ABS, 2011). represented 11% of the total Australian population. WA’s population increased by 3.3% (78,000 people) between The majority of people living within the Shire are located 2011 and 2012, the fastest growth of all the states and within the urban centre of Newman. The remainder of territories, and much higher than the national figure of the shire accommodates the second largest proportion 1.6% (ABS, 2012). of residents outside of Newman with smaller percentages located within the other urban centres of Nullagine and Marble Bar.

Figure 9: Population by Urban Centre (ABS, 2011)

53 Shire of East Pilbara There is historic variability in population levels within the The demographic profile has been shown in Table 2. Shire (Hames Sharley, 2014). Newman is largely influenced by the operations of resources companies (primarily BHP The median age of persons within the Shire is 32, Billiton) and broader economic conditions. comparable to the median age within the Pilbara (32) and slightly lower than the State median of 36. Age The WAPC estimates there is an additional transient distribution has been shown in Figure 10. workforce population of 2,340 living in single person’s quarters in Newman (townsite). Current and proposed transient workforce accommodation totals approximately 3,500 units, equating to a peak fly-in-fly-out population of 3,150 (Assuming a 90 per cent occupancy rate) (The Shire of East Pilbara Community Strategic Plan 2013 - 2022).

Table 4: Shire of East Pilbara Population Characteristics

EAST PILBARA 371244 SQ KMS

KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESIDENT POPULATION, 2011

CHARACTERISTICS NEWMAN EAST PILBARA PILBARA (S) (50806) SA3 SSD

Total Population 11,950 59,894 9,086 Weekly Household Income Number of Households 1,692 12,635 1,412 $0-$599 4.3% 4.2% 2.2% $600-$999 4.3% 3.0% 1.6% $1,000-$1,499 5.2% 5.2% 4.3% $1,500-$2,499 11.9% 10.3% 11.0% $2,500-$3,499 24.2% 25.1% 27.2% $3,500 or more 38.4% 42.0% 43.3% Partial or all incomes un- 11.9% 10.2% 10.4% -stated Median Weekly Household $2,695 $2,788 $2,827 Income Average Household Size 3.1 2.9 3

Weekly Individual Income Number of Individuals Counted 10,121 48,372 7,612 $0-$399 12.5% 8.5% 6.2% $400 - $999 8.0% 11.1% 8.8% $1,000 - $2,000 22.6% 25.0% 22.9% $2,000+ 33.9% 31.9% 37.9%

54 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM EAST PILBARA 371244 SQ KMS KEY SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE RESIDENT POPULATION, 2011

CHARACTERISTICS EAST PILBARA PILBARA NEWMAN (S) (50806) SA3 SSD Partial or all incomes not 22.9% 23.5% 24.3% stated Median Weekly Individual $1,812 $1,632 $1,915 Income Age Distribution

Aged 0 - 14 15.3% 19.2% 16.2%

Aged 15 - 24 13.7% 12.8% 13.3%

Aged 25 - 39 36.2% 33.2% 36.3% Aged 40 - 59 30.6% 30.0% 30.8% Aged 60 + 4.1% 4.8% 3.3% Median Age 32 32 32 Dependency Ratio1 20.4% 26.9% 20.8%

Household Tenure Status

Owned outright 6.9% 9.2% 4.7%

Owned with a mortgage5 12.2% 13.3% 13.9% Rented 76.2% 72.7% 77.7% Labour Force2 6,991 33,210 5,383 % Unemployed3 2.0% 2.5% 1.7% Labour Force Participation4 69.1% 68.7% 70.7% Usual Resident Birthplace Australian Born 61.7% 61.5% 59.0% Overseas Born 19.8% 19.5% 20.9% Asia 2.7% 3.9% 3.1% Europe 5.6% 5.4% 5.8% Other - Middle East, Americas 11.5% 10.1% 12.0% & Pacific Not stated 18.5% 19.1% 20.1%

Source: Colliers International (2013)

55 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 10: Figure 10 Age distribution Source: Colliers International (2013) The male to female ratio is much higher in the Pilbara and Family composition for the Shire is shown in Table 3. the Shire than the State. The Shire has a ratio of 3:1 males The percentages recorded are generally consistent with to females (67.2% males and 32.8% females), which is proportional distribution of family composition for the slightly higher than the Pilbara region where 61.5% of the Pilbara region and State. population are male and 38.5% female. Across the state, the ratio is almost 1:1 (50.2% male and 49.8% female).

Table 5: Family composition

FAMILY HOUSEHOLD COMPOSITION NEWMAN EAST PILBARA PILBARA (50806) (S) SA3 SSD Couple families with children 56.2% 52.8% 59.3%

Couple family with children under 15 47.2% 43.5% 49.9%

Couple family with no children under 15 9.0% 9.3% 9.4% One parent families 12.0% 10.4% 8.3% One parent family with children under 8.9% 6.9% 6.1% 15 One parent family no children under 15 3.1% 3.6% 2.1% Couple family with no children 30.2% 35.3% 31.8% Other family 1.5% 1.5% 1.5% Total Families 1,379 9,993 1,122 Family households 77.3% 76.7% 77.6% Non Family Housholds 22.7% 23.3% 22.4% Total Households 1,785 13,024 1,445

Source: Colliers International (2013)

56 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Future population growth and economic development ++ a high scenario capturing the aspirational growth forecast previously developed for the Shire; Between 2006 and 2011 census periods, the residential population experienced an increase of 83%, 90% of ++ a low forecast that reflects forecasts projected by WA that growth occurring in Newman (114% increase) Tomorrow; and within the same period. Nullagine population remained ++ a medium level forecast that applies a complex set of essentially unchanged, but the state suburb of Marble Bar assumptions to allow a more considered output that experienced a contraction in population of 16.5%. is reflective of the actual economic and population fluctuations occurring the in Shire.

The Pilbara Industry’s Community Council (PICC) This growth translates into the following future population employment and population projections anticipate the for the Shire and each of the townsites (Table 4). It is the Newman residential population to increase to 8,290 by intent that the revised population forecasts will ultimately 2020, this target is shared by the Pilbara Planning and assist in planning for the provision of community facilities Infrastructure Framework and the Pilbara Cities Newman and services, housing demand, and infrastructure Revitalization Plan, which has set the aspirational target upgrades. Specifically, they will provide the ability to of 15,000 by 2035 in order to shift Newman from a rural plan, program and budget infrastructure upgrades based town centre to a sub regional centre. on more appropriate population projections.

The ambitious growth target responds to the Pilbara It is the intent that the revised population forecasts will Cities vision of State Government to modernise and ultimately assist in planning for the provision of com- grow Pilbara towns to support regional development. It munity facilities and services, housing demand, and also responds to the Shire’s vision document Newman infrastructure upgrades. Specifically, they will provide Tomorrow which envisages a more significant town acting the ability to plan, program and budget infrastructure as a service hub for resource activity in East Pilbara. upgrades based on more appropriate population projec- Highlighted within PICC’s Pilbara Population and tions. Employment Projections to 2020 growth in the local The medium growth scenario is anticipated to establish population can be considered to have three components: the most likely scenario for growth within the Shire of East ++ new residential employees based in Newman; Pilbara. It provides equilibrium between a low population projection and an aspirational high target. As such, the ++ families of new residential employees; and scenario seeks to positively assist the Shire in developing ++ indirect employment generated by economic growth strategies that are reflective of likely growth and develop and growth in residential and FIFO employment in the a targeted approach to meeting future demands and local area. delivering positive long term outcomes. Population forecasting undertaken for the Shire of East Pilbara has indicated that the existing growth forecasts for the Shire of East Pilbara, supported by the PICC and Pilbara Cities Newman Revitalisation Plan, were considered to be ‘aspirational’ and may not be reflective of the actual growth anticipated (Hames Sharley, 2014). As a result, applying a more conservative population growth scenario was developed to provide a spectrum of growth scenarios. This includes:

Table 7: Settlement Areas Population Forecast to 2035

SETTLEMENT NEWMAN NULLAGINE MARBLE RURAL TOTAL AREAS BAR BALANCE SHIRE 2035 FORECAST Low Scenario 6,694 145 391 7,422 14,552 Medium Scenario 10,398 379 446 9,141 20,364 High Scenario 15,000 309 362 10,579 26,250

57 Shire of East Pilbara 5.2. HOUSING Housing in the Shire of East Pilbara is diverse and differs Within Newman, only 4.7% of people own their house greatly from the housing profile of the state. The average outright and only 13.9% are buying their house (owned household size is larger within the Shire compared to WA. with a mortgage). This is representative of the type The median household size within the Shire is 3.1 persons of housing stock available within Newman and the per household, comparing to the WA which is only 2.6%. transience of the Newman residential workforce.

Housing Tenure Within Marble Bar, 13% of people own their house Housing tenure in the Shire of East Pilbara is predominantly outright, 4% are buying their house (owned with a comprised of rental properties, with 76.2% of residents mortgage) and 4.6% are renting; similar to Newman it is in the Shire renting. Whilst this is much higher than the anticipated this is representative of the type of housing proportion of State rentals (24.4%), this is comparative stock available. Whilst in Nulagine 16% of people own with the regional rental trend (72.7%). their house outright, there are presently no people in Marble Bar buying their house (owned with a mortgage) The proportion of residents within the shire that own and 28% are renting. their homes outright is low in comparison with the State. Only 6.9% of people own their houses within the Shire, Housing tenure for the Shire is shown in Figure 11. which is significantly lower that WA (28.6%) and slightly lower than the Region (9.2%). A similar trend is also evident for houses owned with a mortgage, with the Shire and regional proportions falling much lower (12.2% and 13.3% respectively) than the State (43.3%).

Figure 11: Housing Tenure Source: Colliers International (2013)

58 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Housing Type The Shire has a higher proportion of unoccupied private dwellings in comparison with the Pilbara Region, and over double the proportion compared with the State (12.1% unoccupied dwellings). A high proportion of the occupied dwellings within the Shire are separate dwellings. The proportion of separate houses is significantly higher than the proportion of single dwellings across the Pilbara region, but only marginally higher than the State (80.4% separate dwellings). Dwelling type has been shown in Table 5.

Table 6: Dwelling type

DWELLING NEWMAN TYPE EAST PILBARA Figure 12: Household Income PILBARA (S) (50806) SA3 Source: Colliers International (2013) SSD Median weekly income within Marble Bar and Nullagine Separate house 85.6% 61.6% 63.8% are much lower, with ABS reporting median weekly Semi-detached 4.5% 9.3% 3.7% incomes of $1,166 and $900 respectively. According to Unit 6.8% 4.6% 5.6% Census figures, rental rates for the Shire of East Pilbara are much lower than those recorded for the State. The Other dwelling 2.2% 4.8% 0.2% median rental for the Shire of East Pilbara is $75 per week, Dwelling not 0.8% 0.5% 0.3% which is similarly low in the major townsites of Newman stated ($80 per week), Marble Bar ($70 per week) and Nullagine Unoccupied private dwell- 25.4% 19.2% 26.4% ($100 per week). ings The information depicted by the ABS is considered Total Dwellings 2,268 15,645 1,916 low, in comparison to figures provided by the Pilbara Source: Colliers International (2013) Development Commission (PDC) and may be skewed due to the high proportion of people within the shire receiving Housing affordability subsidised housing, based on PDC data September 2013 (see Figure 13). The median household income within the Shire is $2,695, this is comparative to the Regional Pilbara median Furthermore, this study also showed that mortgage household income of $2,788, although it is significantly repayments (without subsidies) accounted for 45% of higher than the median household income for the State household income in Newman, in comparison to 38% for which is $1,415. The median household income outlined Perth. above is reflective in the higher median household income, with 38.4% of people earning a weekly income RP Data (2014) determines that the median sale price greater than $3,500 in the Shire of East Pilbara, compared for a house in the 12 months to January 2014 within to only 9.8% in WA (household income is illustrated in Newman is $815,000. Whilst data is limited for Marble Bar Figure 12). and Nullagine due to low house sales, the stated median house price for Marble Bar is $150,000 and Nullagine is $25,000 (RP Data, 2014).

Figure 14 and Figure 15 illustrate the median house price for Newman and Marble Bar respectively over the last 10 years, compared with the Shire total.

59 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 13: Average weekly cost of rental properties Source: Pilbara Development Commission (2013)

Figure 14: Median house sales Newman 2004-13 Source: Pilbara Development Commission (2013)

60 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 15: Median house sales Marble Bar 2004-2013 Source: Pilbara Development Commission (2013)

Housing Supply However, whilst these markets are different, housing There is limited available information that pertains to supply in the area is interrelated as higher housing current housing supply in the Shire or the settlement demands affect housing affordability and access. An areas of Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. The PDC increased supply of residential land in the region’s quarterly report (September, 2013) documents housing hotspots in recent years, including Newman, indicates that supply versus projected housing demand for Newman. there has been an increase in housing demand. However, However, demand is based on the Newman Revitalisation housing supply was determined to remain subpar during Plan target of 15,000 people by 2035 and is therefore this period. Higher demands are due predominantly to considered to be high in the context of current growth. increased FIFO activity and resultant population growth from a resource driven economy. Despite this, the PDC projects that the likely demand will be met based on the existing and committed housing Furthermore a high proportion of housing within the development and projected future housing supply. Shire is owned by mining companies with an interest in the area, specifically BHPB in Newman. This has an Housing supply in the region caters for two prominent effect on housing supply as housing vacancy rates may markets – FIFO workers and residential housing. These not reflect housing demand. In line with this, the recent markets are guided by discrete drivers: Government position is to encourage mining companies ++ FIFO housing supply is driven by mining and resources to divest housing accrued during the period of high activity and may fluctuate with the level of activity economic activity in the Pilbara (Financial Review, 8 occurring; and January, 2014) in order to reduce the impact of housing ++ Residential housing supply is more stable, catering for affordability. longer term housing demands.

61 Shire of East Pilbara With recent economic shifts and changes to the resource on the market can also have an impact on improving market, current and relevant information regarding housing affordability. Restrictive land release policies and housing supply is limited. However, housing affordability approval timeframes are identified as barriers to the land and housing accessibility is thought to be a limiting factor release process. in attracting and retaining people to the Shire, specifically within settlement areas. Challenges for housing supply in Newman, include changing or unknown requirements for accommodating Further planning is required to assess the current and resource company workforces, efficient land supply and future housing supply issues and constraints for the mobilising a construction workforce to construct housing region. It is believed that the key constraints to increasing once approval has been granted. the current housing stock are limited utility infrastructure capacity and the inability of the building industry to As outlined, normalisation may also have an impact on adequately respond to demand (WAPC, 2008). Housing addressing housing supply, particularly in Newman. supply that cannot meet demand will impact the growth In depth research into the future provision of residential and development of the Shire. land to meet Newman’s projected population growth, As a sub-regional centre, housing supply in Newman is together with analysis of the composition of households the primary focus for housing in the Shire. BHPB owns and types of housing they might occupy should occur the majority of Newman’s houses, with approximately following the completion of this LPS is required. It 1,000 dwellings owned by BHPB in 2012 (Landcorp, 2012). is suggested that a Housing Needs Assessment and However, normalisation within Newman is increasing Housing Strategy be undertaken to comprehensively the rate of private home ownership (Landcorp 2012). address these information gaps. Furthermore, approximately 200 dwellings are owned by Howeverer, low growth projections for both Nullagine various government organisations and 400 are privately and Marble Bar indicates that future additional dwelling owned (Landcorp 2012). capacity in the towns is considered unnecessary.

The Newman Regional Hotspots Land Supply study Housing type and density (WAPC, 2008) provides an analysis of the developable Housing type within the Shire (specifically settlement residential land in Newman (based on vacant lots and areas of Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine), is generally undeveloped zoned land in Newman). The study indicates comprised of low density, single dwelling housing. Within that at 2008, there was sufficient Crown land available to Newman, a high proportion of these are modular housing meet current demand, with identified sites potentially units, reflective of the high FIFO population within the yielding more than 600 dwelling units (WAPC, 2008). town. This study indicated that the majority of undeveloped Housing type within Newman is reflective of the original zoned land is unencumbered; with the Newman townsite development of the town as a mining town (by the clear of native title (through state agreement lease). The Mt. Newman Mining Company), which predominantly key developable land area is located in east Newman. housed single mine workers. This original housing type Some of this land, and other identified areas have since is not considered to be suitable for occupants such as received approval and/or been developed with housing families, shift workers or retirees (LandCorp, 2012). has begun to be released to the market. Further development has since occurred in Newman FIFO housing demands are an unalterable aspect of a and the housing mix includes a greater housing choice, resource driven economy, and whilst this impacts the including detached, single or double storey dwellings, affordability of housing, increased supply of housing a small amount of apartments, group home units and townhouses (LandCorp, 2012).

62 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Given the low populations within both Marble bar and The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Study (2012) Nullagine, the settlement pattern has allowed for a states that the Pilbara’s settlement housing density and reasonably contained urban area. However, in Newman, form is anticipated to change significantly. Residential where populations are more significant, the low density apartments, townhouses and other forms of medium and nature of housing has created a settlement pattern that higher density living is likely to become more prevalent. is more expansive. As a result, this has implications for This provides scope to increase housing provisions in the character and intensity of the town. The PDC (2013) Newman, to better meet the projected future housing charts the projected future housing mix for Newman (see needs. Opportunities for infill or redevelopment within the Figure 16). existing urban areas should be identified. Amendments to the TPS and the development of a Planning framework The continuation of the existing low density housing, are required to achieve a level of housing diversity and and low intensity activity does not contribute to a density desired in a vibrant town. level of vitality and vibrancy that often characterises other regional centres. Furthermore, the prevailing low densities are encouraging continued car dependence, inefficiencies in infrastructure provision and limits the diversity of housing choices.

Single Residential

Duplex

Group/Multiple

Town House

Service Worker

TBC

Figure 16: Newman Forecast Housing mix

63 Shire of East Pilbara 5.3. ABORIGINAL COMMUNITIES The majority of the Shire’s population lives within the The primary purpose of the program is to prepare three main town sites of Newman, Marble Bar and Community Layout Plans (CLP) for Aboriginal Nullagine. The remainder of the population live in Settlements. The intention of the CLPs are to: Aboriginal Settlements. “…give physical form to community settlement Planning for Aboriginal settlements is guided by requirements, help in determination of land use State Planning Policy 3.2 Aboriginal Settlements. The functions, and to guide and control land use and objectives of the policy are: development”.

++ to provide for the recognition of Aboriginal Six Aboriginal Communities in the Shire are situated settlements through local planning schemes and within the ‘Settlement Zone’ and have accompanying strategies. CLPs which have been prepared to guide the use and ++ to collaboratively plan for the orderly and development of land. coordinated development of Aboriginal settlements.

The policy defines Aboriginal settlement as being:

‘a discrete place that is not contiguous with a gazetted town, is inhabited or intended to be inhabited wholly or principally by persons of Aboriginal descent, as defined under the Aboriginal Affairs Planning Authority Act 1972, and which has no less than 5 domestic dwellings and/or is supported by essential services that are provided by one or more state agency(s)’.

The following Aboriginal Settlements, are zoned “Settlement” in the Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Scheme No.4:

++ Jigalong ++ Kiwirrkurra ++ Kunnawaritji ++ Parnngurr (Cotton Creek) ++ Punmu (Lake Dora) ++ Warralong

The Department of Planning manages the Planning for Aboriginal Communities Program on behalf of the WAPC in partnership with the Department of Housing. The program provides town planning services to Aboriginal Communities in Western Australia in accordance with SPP 3.2 – Aboriginal Settlements.

64 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 5.3.1 JIGALONG COMMUNITY LAYOUT PLAN 2 (AMENDMENT 6 2015) JIGALONG Jigalong is located approximately 165km east of Newman, occupying Koondra Location 30 and Wanman Location 10 on Land Administration Plan 314. The community can be accessed via Location Marble Bar Road (approximately 100km of unsealed road) and the Talawanna Track east to the Canning Stock Route. Layout Plan 2 identifies a resident population of 299 persons. Population grows to Demographics approximately 450 people during the wet season.

Due to Jigalong’s proximity to Newman there is a reliance on the higher order community facilities located in the major centre. Jigalong has the following community facilities: ++ Medical Clinic ++ K-Y10 school ++ Childcare Centre Facilities & Services ++ Shop ++ Sport & Recreation (swimming pool, basketball courts, oval) ++ Multi-function police facility ++ Visitor accommodation (community-run faciltity with 5 separate rooms, communal kitchen – sleeps a maximum of 13 people).

The Jigalong Remote Community School is an important focal point for residents and caters for Education K-Y10. It has 105 enrolled students and a total of 17 staff (11 teaching and 6 non-teaching).

Commercial offering in Jigalong is limited to the local store, maintenance workshop, arts and Economic/Tourism craft. Cattle grazing also occurs in the area and there is tourist accommodation available.

External Jigalong is accessed from Newman via Marble Bar Road and the Talawana Track.

Internal The internal road network comprises of a series of bitumen sealed and kerbed roads providing access to the housing and services within the community. Most of these roads are in good Transport condition.

Air strip Jigalong has an unsealed air strip that is located 1.5kms from the main settlement.

Water supply Community owns a potable water supply and reticulation system, maintained under the Remote Area Essential Services Program (RAESP) by the respective regional service provider.

Effluent collection and disposal Community owns a comprehensive effluent disposal system maintained through RAESP by the Essential and appointed regional service provider. Municipal Services Telecommunications Telstra infrastructure is in place.

Note: All data is extracted from Jigalong Community Layout Plan unless otherwise stated.

65 Shire of East Pilbara The CLP was prepared to address the Community’s objectives, special needs and requirements which included the following upgrading proposals:

++ New single residences; ++ Grass oval; ++ Provision for camping facilities separate from residents; ++ Requirement for new sewer lines to service proposed lots; and ++ Fencing of new and existing residences.

The CLP is displayed on Figure 1, it was prepared in response to an assessment of the site’s physical and environmental characteristics, re-use of existing infrastructure (where possible), population demographics and site constraints (e.g. physical and servicing).

66 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 17: Jigalong Layout Plan 2- Living Area

67 Shire of East Pilbara 5.3.2 KIWIRRKURRA COMMUNITY LAYOUT PLAN (AMENDMENT 6 2015) KIWIRKURRA Kiwirrkurra is located in the Western Desert Region approximately 820km east of Newman and Location approximately 600km north-west of Alice Springs and has been described as the most remote settlement in Australia. The settlement is part of the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. The current residential population in Kiwirrkurra is estimated at approximately 150 people. A population of 210 permanent residents by 2025 has been calculated. Demographics The population fluctuates throughout the year and grows considerably during culture and lore and sporting events which are held at Kiwirrkurra (Source: anecdotal information obtained during Department of Planning community visit in 2014). Kiwirrkurra has the following community facilities: ++ Clinic (2 dialysis units and 2 resident nurses) ++ Visitor Centre (6 new rooms have been constructed, 2 self-contained sea containers) ++ Visitor camping grounds ++ Office Facilities & Services ++ Community Store ++ Community Hall (also used as youth centre) ++ Workshop and Depot ++ Football Oval (no grass)

Kiwirrkurra Community School caters for K-12 and is part of the Ngaanyatjarra Lands School Education which is comprised of schools throughout the Lands. Community residents advise that this school has the highest attendance rate of all schools in the Ngaanyatjarra Lands. Residents in the Kiwirrkurra community residents have developed ideas to capitalise on commercial and tourism opportunities. The Kiwirrkurra LP2 has been amended to ensure that land use planning is reflective of community aspirations. Opportunities for Kiwirrkurra identified include establishing a tourist camp (that can accommodate camper trailers) and cultural tours, Economic/Tourism which would be run by residents as part of the Remote Jobs in Communities Program (RJCP). The community also intends to develop a new community hall and undertake renovations to the existing shop. External Kiwirrkurra is accessed via the unsealed Gary Junction Road, which extends from Marble Bar to Alice Springs.

Internal Internal roads in Kiwirrkurra are unsealed. Transport Air strip Kiwirrkurra has an unsealed air strip that is located approximately 1.5kms north-west of the main settlement area.

Water supply Water supply is not adequate to provide irrigation supplies. Kiwirrkurra has its own ground water basin. In the summer months the water supply has to be ‘made’- treated using chlorine, etc. This is tested monthly and there has been no illness associated with the water supply.

Essential and Power supply Municipal Services Power station was upgraded when the clinic was built in 2013. Wastewater disposal On-site treatment and disposal should be maintained as the wastewater system of choice. Septic tanks need upgrading.

Note: All data is extracted from Kiwirkurra Community Layout Plan unless otherwise stated.

68 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM The Kiwirrkurra CLP was prepared to address the Community’s objectives, special needs and requirements which included:

++ Establishment of a new clinic to replace the ageing existing facility; ++ Establishment of a central landscaped sitting area in the heart of the Community to provide a sense of place and a focus for social gatherings; ++ Provision of new housing lots both within and outside the flood prone area to ensure cohesive family groupings and the recognition that houses on stilts will be required in the flood prone area; ++ Reticulation of the oval combined with a peripheral barrier to control vehicular access; ++ Reestablishment of a dedicated campsite for Indigenous visitors; ++ Expansion of the Arts & Crafts Centre with possible relocation near the Community Hall; and ++ Establishment of a Community swimming pool near the School and the Oval.

The CLP is displayed on Figure 2, it provides a land use planning framework, prepared in response to the site’s opportunities and constraints and community expectations.

69 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 18: Kiwirrkurra Layout Plan 1- Living Area

70 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 5.3.3 KUNAWARRITJI COMMUNITY LAYOUT PLAN (AMENDMENT 2 2014) KUNAWARRITJI Kunawarritji is located approximately 500kms north-east of Newman, at Well 33 on the Canning Location Stock Route.

Kunawarritji has an estimated residential population of approximately 75 people. The population Demographics increases considerably during culture and lore events.

The following community gacilities are located in Kunawarritji: ++ Health clinic (with resident nurse) ++ Visitor camping ++ Football oval ++ Visitors centre + Facilities & Services + Community vegetable garden- ‘garden in a box’, workshop ++ Recreation centre ++ HACC facility ++ Office ++ Arts and craft centre ++ Community store

Education Primary school capable of catering up to 60 students.

Approximately 900 tourist vehicles travel through the settlement per year and often purchase fuel and items from the community store, as Kunawarritji is located at Well 33 on the Canning Stock Route. Tourist accommodation is available at Kunawarritji. Economic/Tourism The ‘Outback Spirit’ tourism company commenced tours through Kunawarritji in 2014. The local community also has aspirations to start growing sandalwood to make a profitable business venture. External Kunawarritji is accessed via Kiwirkurra Road (unsealed) which provides a link to the Canning Stock Route, it is located at Well 33.

Internal roads Transport Roads within Kunawarritji are unsealed. Airstrip An unsealed airstrip is located 12km east of Kunawarritji.

Wastewater No septic ponds (have to take via sewerage container to Hedland).

Water supply Two operating bores provide water to the community. A disinfection system treats the water prior to entering the reticulation system. Underground reticulation supplies water to the community.

Essential and Waste disposal Municipal Services In 2014, community was considered getting a hydraulic dump trailer for collecting individual houses rubbish. Rubbish tip is located to the south-west of the settlement and has been fenced. The tip has been located so that when the rubbish tip is full there is space immediately surrounding the tip to create another 4-5 tips of similar size.

Power supply Power station has 250w diesel generators (rated second in the state).

Note: All data is extracted from Parrngurr Community Layout Plan unless otherwise stated.

71 Shire of East Pilbara The CLP was prepared to address the Community’s objectives, special needs and requirements which included:

++ Establishment of a new development area mainly for residential purposed east of the existing settlement; ++ No development west of the power station now or in the future in order to protect the integrity of existing Lore area; ++ Consolidation of a central landscaped area in the heart of the Community east of the office and north of the new clinic; ++ Development of a reticulated open space in close proximity to the school; ++ Provision of new housing lots in the same format as the existing layout; ++ Establishment of an horticulture area near the settlement’s southern and main entry; ++ Establishment of a dedicated campsite for Indigenous visitors near the oval with ablution facilities in close proximity to the school; ++ Expansion of the Arts & Crafts Centre with relocation in the old store building; ++ Establishment of a Community swimming pool near the recreation centre; ++ Creation of a protected bushland area with small dedicated but unserviced camp sites for visiting tourists;

The CLP is displayed on Figure 3, it was prepared in response to the site’s opportunities and constraints including environmental considerations, infrastructure and servicing requirements and community expectations.

72 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 19: Kunawarritji Layout Plan 1- Living Area

73 Shire of East Pilbara 5.3.4 PARNNGURR (COTTON CREEK) COMMUNITY LAYOUT PLAN (AMENDMENT 2 2012) PARNNGURR Parnngurr (Cotton Creek) is located approximately 300kms north-east of Newman in the Location Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park and 280kms west of Jigalong.

Parnngurr CLP identifies a resident population of 140 people. Population can increase to 500 people Demographics during lore time and sporting carnivals.

Parrngurr has the following community facilities: ++ Office / community hall ++ Community store ++ Health clinic (with resident nurse) Facilities & Services ++ Primary school ++ Football oval and softball pitch (both no grass) and basketball court ++ Workshop / fuel depot ++ Visitor shelters and a camping area

Education Small primary school capable of catering up to 20 students. Traditional hunting, foraging and medicine practices, art and craftwork (primarily through Martumili Artworks), tourism associated with the Rudall River (Karlamilyi) National Park and the Canning Stock Route, mining (with a number of mines located further east in the Pilbara). The Economic/Tourism community store, health clinic and school provide limited employment opportunities.

External Parrngurr is accessed from Jigalong (via the Talawana Track) and Newman (via unsealed roads). The main access road to Jigalong from Newman is regularly maintained, however, the access road from Jigalong to the settlement is not. Access to Parnngurr is constrained, as major roads are not all weather. Talawana Track is regularly closed during the wet season, supplies are often transported to the settlement via plane.

Internal Roads within Parnngurr are not sealed. No constructed storm drains exist. Although some Transport water pooling occurs after heavy rains, due to the sandy terrain there is little runoff and high infiltration rates.

Airstrip All weather air strip located 500m west of the settlement. Runway is 1.2kms long and has a gravel surface with good grade and drainage. The strip has portable battery operated lighting. The Royal Flying Doctor Service regularly uses the airstrip.

Regional service provider is Pilbara Meta Maya. Capital works are undertaken through the RAESP Program. Wastewater Settlement is serviced by a deep sewerage system that is gravity fed to a sewer transfer pump station. The plant consists of a system of oxidisation and evaporation ponds.

Water supply Water supply system consists of two bores equipped with electric submersible pumps which pump into an elevated tank. Most of the water supply network has been designed and installed Essential and by the Water Corporation and is in accordance with their standards. Municipal Services Power supply Power station is located approx. 250m north-west of the northern boundary of the settlement. Power is supplied by 2 diesel generators.

Waste disposal Rubbish tip is located within an unfenced area approx. 1.4kms north-west of the settlement. The rubbish is dumped in 2m deep pits that are periodically backfilled. Note: All data is extracted from Parrngurr Community Layout Plan unless otherwise stated.

74 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM The CLP was prepared to provide guidance on future planning and growth. The plan includes the following land use types:

++ Residential (existing and future); ++ Community purposes; ++ Cultural purposes; ++ Industrial / Public Utility; and ++ Open Space (recreation and bush).

The plan was prepared with the objective of ensuring that there is sufficient land for these uses and separation of non-compatible uses. It also provides land use objectives and guidelines to assist in the consideration of future development of the land.

The CLP is displayed on Figure 4, it was prepared based on an assessment of the site’s physical environmental characteristics, re-use of existing infrastructure, population demographics and constraints (physical and servicing).

75 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 20: Parnngurr Layout Plan 2- Living Area

76 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 5.3.5 PUNMU (LAKE DORA) COMMUNITY LAYOUT PLAN (AMENDMENT 1 2012) PUNMU I Punmu is located approximately 380kms north-east of Newman and approximately 360kms Location south-east of Marble Bar in the Karlamilyi (Rudall River) National Park.

Punmu CLP identifies a resident population of 83 people. Population can increase to 300-500 people Demographics during lore time and sporting carnivals.

Punmu has the following community facilities: ++ Community store ++ Health clinic (with resident nurse) ++ Arts and crafts centres Facilities & Services ++ Sport and Recreation (Football oval, softball oval, basketball courts) ++ School ++ Workshop ++ Fuel depot

Rawa Community School is located in Punmu and is part of the Aboriginal Independent Education Community Schools group. Community store, health clinic and school provide limited employment opportunities for residents. CDEP employment and training is provided in truck driving, earth moving equipment, welding and building works in association with the mining companies in the region. A Economic/Tourism number of community residents get employment at mines in the Pilbara. The community has established a relationship with the nearby Telfer mine which employs community residents and has assisted with development works at the settlement. External Punmu is accessed via the Telfer Mine Road and the Ripon Hills Road. Direct road access is available to Newman on an unsealed road 300kms to the south. Access to Punmu is constrained as major roads are not suitable in all weather conditions.

Internal roads Transport The roads within the settlement are not sealed. Some water pooling occurs after heavy rains. Airstrip An all-weather airstrip is located 4.5kms east of the settlement. The runway is 1.2kms long and has a gravel surface with good grade and drainage. Portable lights are used if required. The Royal Flying Doctor Service regularly uses the airstrip. Wastewater Serviced by a deep sewerage system which is gravity fed to a sewer transfer pump station, located on the northern edge of the community. WWTP consists of a system of oxidisation and evaporation ponds.

Water supply Water supply system consists of two bores equipped with electric submersible pumps which Essential and pump directly into a 25KL elevated tank. Water supply has been designed and installed by the Municipal Services Water Corporation and is in accordance with current Water Corporation standards. Power supply Power is supplied by 3 diesel generator sets. Maintenance is undertaken by Pilbara Meta Maya.

Waste disposal Rubbish tip is located within an unfenced area approx. 500m north-west of settlement. Note: All data is extracted from Punmu Community Layout Plan unless otherwise stated.

77 Shire of East Pilbara The CLP was prepared to provide guidance on future planning and growth. The plan includes the following proposed improvements:

++ Existing office expansion. ++ Discussions with the Shire regarding funding for an arts centre building. It is proposed that the centre would be incorporated as part of the extensions to the office. ++ It is proposed that the store would be replaced, when funds become available, with a new building opposite the office. When the store is relocated the existing building is to be used as a utility centre for community activities. ++ Establish and reticulate grass at the oval. ++ Workshop repairs after fire damage. ++ Resurface basketball courts and provide lighting. ++ Landscaping works. ++ A site for future housing at the southeast edge of the Community has been identified. ++ Improvements to the airstrip including the widening of the airstrip, permanent lighting, a storage shed for fuel and other equipment and drainage improvements. ++ Department of Housing to construct 3 new houses in the 2008/08 financial year. ++ Improvements required to the Community store. The building requires upgrading and enlarging.

The CLP was prepared with the objective of ensuring that there is sufficient land for the proposed land uses and separation of non-compatible uses. It provides land use objectives and guidelines to assist in the consideration of future development of the land, with regard to the following land uses:

++ Residential (existing and future); ++ Community purposes; ++ Cultural purposes; ++ Industrial / Public Utility; and ++ Open Space (recreation and bush).

The CLP is displayed on Figure 5, it was prepared based on an assessment of the site’s physical environmental characteristics, re-use of existing infrastructure, population demographics and constraints (physical and servicing).

78 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 21: Pummu Layout Plan 2- Living Area

79 Shire of East Pilbara The CLP was prepared to provide guidance on future planning and growth. The plan includes the following proposed improvements:

++ Residential (existing and future); ++ Community purposes; ++ Cultural purposes; ++ Industrial / Public Utility; and ++ Open Space (recreation and bush).

80 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 22: Pummu Layout Plan 2- Living Area

81 Shire of East Pilbara 06 ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT

7.1. ECONOMY Demand for labor in the State is strongly associated The economic context is also reflective of employment with the resources sector. The State’s mining industry data for the Shire. The mining workforce in the Shire of currently ranks as Western Australia’s fourth largest East Pilbara has grown by almost 200% in the five years to employer. The industry also has important flow on 2011. Other industries including Accommodation & Food effects to other industries, most notably the construction Services, Construction, Transport & Logistics, Wholesale and manufacturing industries, creating additional jobs Trade and Admin & Support Services have more than throughout the economy. Consistent with this, ABS data doubled in the period (some of which are also mining (2011) shows the largest growth in employment levels in driven). Other industries have also experienced major the State for the four years to 2011–12 was led by the growth (Arts & Recreation Services and Rental & Hiring), mining industry (almost 45,000 additional jobs). this growth is off a low base.

WA private sector capital in mining grew by 334% The inter-census period of population growth coincided between 2005 and 2009, plateauing in 2009/2010 before with significant growth in private capital investment in the climbing again from 2010 to 2013. Much of the growth is mining sector. While mining operations from established attributable to the expansions in Pilbara resource project projects such as Whaleback, Jimblebar, Hope Downs, development. This is consistent with economic activity in Yandi, Roy Hill, Rhodes Ridge, West Angeles and others the Shire, with more than 83% of the Shire’s $25.8 billion will continue as the base of East Pilbara output, and the economic output attributable to mining, with a further primary driver of both residential and FIFO employment 6.5% derived from construction activity. The significant in the Shire, the general consensus appears to be that the expansion of the resources sector in the latter part of the mining boom has peaked and that project investment is last decade saw the Shire also record strong employment to remain generally static. growth. Economy The State economic profile is also reflective of the Within the Shire of East Pilbara more than 90% of the economic profile of the Shire of East Pilbara. In 2012, Shire’s $17.6 billion output is derived from mining and gross regional product for the Shire was just under $9.6 resources activities. This is a greater proportion than the billion, or about 29.4% of the Pilbara’s $32.5 billion GRP percentage contribution of mining of the Pilbara region (See Figure 17) as a whole, recorded at less than 80%.

Construction ($665 million, 3.8%) and manufacturing ($322 million 1.8%) are the second and third ranked single industries with all other industry combined output of $764 million accounting for 4.3% of the Shire’s output. Of the other industries’ contribution to the output of the Shire, three categories account for almost half:

++ Rental Hiring and Real Estate Services (25.6%); ++ Accommodation & Food Services (12.5%); and ++ Administrative & Support Services (10.6%).

Figure 18 and Figure 19 illustrate the distribution of economic contribution by industry.

The GRP and output figures underscore the overwhelming importance of the resources sector to the Shire as the major driver of investment and employment generation Figure 23: 2012 GRP Output for Pilbara Region in the region. Future economic strategies for the Shire Source: Colliers International (2013) are heavily dependent on extracting maximum economic leverage from this sector for the foreseeable future.

82 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Figure 24: Shire of East Pilbara output by Industry Source: Colliers International (2013)

Figure 25: Shire of East Pilbara other industry output Source: Colliers International (2013)

Additionally, the diversity of the economy is inherently important to reduce the reliance on one economic stream to sustain the Shire’s economy. The key issue is the capacity for the Shire to generate alternatives to the current and historical expression of resources-based activity that will underpin sustainability into the future.

83 Shire of East Pilbara Employment The Shire has a relatively low unemployment rate In 2011, the estimated number of jobs in the Shire was compared with the State. Unemployment within the 11,283. When compared to the population numbers Shire is 2% compared with 4.7% for WA. The majority (Section 4.1) it is evident that there is a high incidence of of persons employed within the Shire work in full time FIFO workers (i.e. more employment than residents). employment, which is also proportionally much higher than those full time employed across the state (80.3% within the Shire compared to 60.7% in WA).

Between 2006 and 2011 the working population of the Shire has grown by 130% with the substantial majority of that occurring in Newman. Newman is the focus of economic activity and population growth is unsurprising given its history as the administrative, residential and economic centre for the Shire.

The Shire’s employment profile is dominated by mining which accounts for more than 66% of the workforce (up from 53% in 2006), with construction accounting for around 8.2% in 2011. In terms of the quantum of employment, mining again dominates with a net increase

Figure 26: Place of Residence, Place of Enumeration and Jobs of almost 5,000 jobs in the Shire in the same period Source: Colliers International (2013) (Colliers, 2013).

Figure 21 demonstrates the distribution and growth of employment by industry for the Shire.

Figure 27: Shire of East Pilbara Employment by Industry: 2006 - 2011 Source: Colliers International (2013)

Figure 28: Shire of East Pilbara Employment Change Source: Colliers International (2013)

84 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM These figures establish the dominant role that the mining industry plays within the Shire and its contribution to the Shire’s economy. As a result, any volatility or fluctuation in the mining industry would result in an effect on other industries and employment in the Shire.

Additionally, it also highlights the areas where employment has declined. These include essential services that are important for the Shires development and ongoing productivity and community-building. A focus on maintaining and reinvigorating these areas should be considered.

In terms of changes in the residential workforce the major increases in employment have occurred in Machinery, Operators & Drivers, Technical trades & Professional area, which accounts for 80% of the job growth, with 82% of the growth seen in male workers (Colliers, 2013).

Figure 29: Shire of East Pilbara Resident Workforce Change 2006-11 Source: Colliers International (2013)

Figure 30: Shire of East Pilbara Resident Workforce Change by Sector 2006-11 Source: Colliers International (2013)

85 Shire of East Pilbara 6.2. RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL Future employment growth Retailing activity is contained within the settlement areas As can be surmised from the Shires economic growth of Marble Bar, Newman and to a lesser extent, Nullagine. and subsequent growth in employment and jobs, there Newman is the preeminent retail and commercial is a strong link to the mining and resources economy centre for the Shire of East Pilbara. Commercial activity within the Pilbara and Shire. In line with the projected is predominantly centralised within Newman, as the population growth, the changing economic market economic centre for the Shire. conditions for key economic industries in the Pilbara Newman has an array of retail, financial, hospitality and (principally mining) and the limited diversity of the food and beverage facilities, including banks, post- economic base, it is unlikely that the level of employment office, caravan parks, hotel/motels, restaurants, vehicle and job growth that has historically been experienced will service repair centres, medical and hospital facilities, and be sustained. numerous sporting clubs. The main shopping precinct An aspirational population target of 15,000 for the within Newman is the Boulevard Shopping Centre which Shire (or indeed for Newman) suggests an active contains a Woolworths supermarket and space for up to resident workforce of 6,000 to 7,000. Given the current 18 other retail tenancies. concentrated nature of the Shires economic base, this The Pilbara Vernacular (LandCorp, 2012) states that the growth in jobs cannot be achieved within the current commercial environment within Newman is fragmented market conditions. and lacks integration with shopping areas. Co-location As a result, it needs to be determined whether the of retail, commercial and community services would quantum of jobs can be achieved within other industry provide a more cohesive and recognisable town centre sectors. While it is possible to consider a range of environment. potential economic development opportunities it is Due to the costs of living within Newman, it has been important to recognise that there are existing issues that stated that this has an impact on the type and mix of retail also need to be considered, including: within Newman. There is a deficiency in smaller retailing ++ The current ratio of resident workforce to resident enterprises that commonly provides a level of character population in the Shire of East Pilbara is around 57% e.g. butchers, bakeries and coffee shops. Development (up from 48% in 2006). This is very high relative to a of a more balanced economy with diversity and choice in cross-section of regional communities across Australia, which suggests a ratio ranging from about 37% to employment is needed. about 45%. An increase in retail and commercial floor space will be ++ Options for economic development will have varying required, based on population growth trajectory. There direct employment impacts. In broad terms, new is commitment from the Shire to develop and support and innovative forms of economic development require a lead time to realisation, and the subsequent commercial enterprise within the Shire, specifically within employment impacts may only be apparent in the the central business area. Small business is of particular medium to longer term. importance and consideration of supporting small ++ Provision of housing and housing affordability is central business development will be undertaken by: to retain resident workforce and retail and stimulate ++ supporting retail/office space development; employment growth and diversity. ++ encouragement of home-based businesses, ++ development of a small business incubator; ++ development of public/community facilities; and ++ Improving information technology.

86 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Significant development sites have also been identified for development of commercial enterprise in Newman, including land on Newman Drive (to include the redevelopment of the BHPB former mess); and land adjacent to the Shire of East Pilbara offices (Newman Tomorrow 2020). Additionally, it is also proposed that investigation and development of the airport enterprise precinct be undertaken (Strategic Community Plan, 2012- 2022).

Marble Bar provides lower order retail for convenience purposes including a convenience store, traveller stop, service station and public bar (Iron Clad Hotel). Due to Marble Bar’s proximity to Port Hedland, this serves as the main retail centre for Marble Bar. Retail in Nullagine is basic, offering basic convenience only.

For both Nullagine and Marble Bar, the quantum of population does not necessitate additional retailing at this stage. Should significant growth occur in either centre, this may need to be considered. However, it is also believed that this would occur organically with population growth.

Whilst high level information exists relating to the retailing and commercial industry for the Shire of East Pilbara, there are a number of challenges for these industries that need to be explored to fully understand the potential for retailing, commercial, bulky goods office and industrial. It is suggested that a retail and commercial needs assessment be ndertaken to explore the challenges and opoprrtunities for the sector, followed by the development of a comprehensive Retail and Commercial Strategy.

87 Shire of East Pilbara 07 TOURISM AND VISITORS

Beyond mining, tourism is communicated in many of the A breakdown of tourist expenditure for the Region is strategic documents as a major opportunity to build and provided in Table 6.

diversify the Shire’s economy. With access to numerous Table 8: Tourism Visitor Expenditure, Pilbara Region natural features and cultural attractors, enhancing tourism within the shire through promotion of the region’s unique DOMESTIC DOMESTIC INTERNATIONAL DAY OVERNIGHT character, lifestyle, culture and natural environment should be considered. Average Stay - 8 Nights 30 Nights (Nights) Given the regions opportunity for tourism activity, in 2008- Average Spend $227 $1222 $1510 09 the region was outperformed in tourism expenditure per Trip in comparison with the other WA regions (see Figure 25). Average Spend - $155 $50 per Night

At 2011-12 tourism accounted for $407.2 million of the Pilbara Region economy (see Figure 27). Within the Shire itself, tourism represents only 64.9 million (0.4%) of the Shire’s total economy (see Figure 28).

Figure 31: WA Regional Tourism Numbers 2008-09 (‘000) Source: Pilbara Development Commission, Pilbara Dialogues, 2011

Furthermore, based on data shown in Figure 26, to 2009 total visitor numbers to the region have fallen from a peak in 2005. However, expenditure remains relatively Figure 33: Tourism, Pilbara Region similar which indicates that even though the region is Source: REMPLAN, 2014 accommodating less visitors, visitors are spending more.

Figure 32: Tourism Trends, Estimated expenditure and number of visitors Source: Pilbara Development Commission, Pilbara Dialogues, 2011

88 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Newman Pilbara Cities pointed to a future Newman configured as a sub-regional service hub and tourism centre. Newman provides access to a number of natural features including Weeli Wolli, Kalgans Pool and Eagle Rock Falls. The Canning Stock Route is also within close proximity to Newman, which is renowned for both its cultural and historic value.

Visitors can access Newman by air with regular domestic flights to/from Newman from Perth (see 11.1.2). Bus travel provides an alternative to air travel, with buses accessing Newman once a week from Perth (Perth to Port Hedland

Figure 34: Tourism, Shire of East Pilbara route). Source: REMPLAN, 2014 Newman has a variety of accommodation available including caravan parks, motels and hotels. There are seven existing accommodation providers in Newman, The figures shown in Figure 27 and Figure 28 confirm the including: Newman Tomorrow statement that tourism is immature in the Pilbara region and a concerted effort is required ++ Seasons Hotel Newman (83 rooms) to cultivate a stronger tourist market. Currently, tourism ++ Newman Hotel Motel within the Shire predominantly appeals to 4-wheel driving ++ Mia Mia Hotel - House in the Desert (90 rooms) Kalgan’s enthusiasts and ‘grey nomad’ tourists. Due to climatic Rest (620 ensuite units, camping sites and caravan bays) reasons, the tourism season is generally throughout + the winter months. However, as a tourism centre, there + Whaleback Village (176 ensuite units, powered sites, camp grounds and backpacker facilities. Of the is opportunity to diversify the tourism offering, but 176 sites, the majority are used for semi-permanent also the visitor demographic. A key outcome for the residents associated with the mining industry) Implementation of the Strategic Community Plan 2013 – ++ Dearlove’s Caravan Park Newman 2022 is the need to develop a Tourism Strategy for the Shire. This should focus on broadening the demographic A core aspiration for Newman is to achieve ‘Economies of visitors and extending, where possible, the visitation of strength’ through ‘infrastructure supporting economic period. development, partnerships with industry and tourism’. As a priority action, the Shire has indicated a need to develop The rationale provided is that the ‘mining monopoly a long-term vision and plan for sustainable tourism, has stifled growth’ and presents an uncompetitive including a marketing plan, tourist accommodation tourism destination. This is partly due to availability strategy, and consideration of possibilities for links with and affordability of short stay accommodation with resource development and mining history. ‘’accommodation price pressures resulting from traditional tourist accommodation being used by FIFO workers have To manage some of the constraints identified for tourism drastically reduced the financial viability of the tourism in Newman, the Shire indicates a desire to develop a short industry in the Pilbara.” (Pilbara Regional Council, 2012) term caravan park whereby the Shire is responsible for development and leasing of the caravan park. Additionally, Furthermore, some of the remote natural features of the the development of a hotel in the Newman town centre Shire are difficult to access due to their distance, poor is also proposed, including restaurant, meeting and signage and isolation from urban areas, conditions of the conference facilities. These initiatives are proposed to park and difficulty accessing basic facilities such as fresh manage take-up of short-term accommodation with FIFO water, park ranger services, camping facilities or picnic and ease accommodation limitations. areas, and neither the mine companies nor Aboriginal settlements have store of food, water or fuel for travellers.

89 Shire of East Pilbara Strategically, the visibility of Newman as a tourist destination and its attractiveness needs to be reviewed. Without a level of desirability to a tourism market, it is unlikely that the growth in the market will occur.

Marble Bar

There is opportunity for Marble Bar to develop into a tourist and local service centre. Marble Bar is in close proximity to a number of significant landscape features (for example, Chinamans Pool, Coppin’s Gap, Doolena Gorge or Carawine Gorge) as well as a number of cultural and historic landmarks (such as Comet Gold Mine and Museum and the Corunna Downs RAAF Base).

The town itself boasts of The Iron Clad Hotel, a unique and iconic outback pub, historic buildings and the Marble Bar races (annually held in July) and is an ideal location for ‘grey nomads’ and special interest prospecting/fossicking visitor markets (Strategic community plan).

Existing within the town currently are the following accommodation options:

++ Iron Clad Hotel ++ Marble Bar Holiday Park ++ Marble Bar Travellers Stop

Currently, access to Marble Bar is via road transport only using Marble Bar Road. As Marble Bar Road is predominantly unsealed, this restricts visitors to those that have a sturdy vehicle and cross country caravan (if caravanning).

Nullagine Nullagine has a rich history as a gold rush town and as the site of the first diamond discovery in Australia. Visitors are attracted to Nullagine for fossicking and its unique natural inland setting.

Due to its size, the town has very limited tourist facilities other than the Caravan Park (Shire managed); Conglomerate Hotel and the Roadhouse and General Store. Similar to Marble Bar, access is via road transport only using Marble Bar Road. As Marble Bar Road is predominantly unsealed, this restricts visitors to those that have a sturdy vehicle and cross country caravan (if caravanning).

90 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 08 RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE

There are substantial areas of open space within the Shire. Access to Karlamilyi is difficult and the public are not Most notably the Shire contains the Karlamilyi National encouraged to visit the park as conditions are tough, Park (formally the Rudall River National Park) which is and there are no facilities by way of fresh water supplied, an area of National conservation significance (Shown in signage, park ranger services, camping facilities or picnic Figure 29 below). Smaller areas of open space and parks areas, and neither the mine companies nor Aboriginal are located within the urban settlement areas of Newman, settlements have store of food, water or fuel for travellers. Marble Bar and Nullagine. Also within the Shire is Cape Keraudren Coastal Reserve. The reserve comprises an area of approximately 4,800 hectares and was vested in the Shire of East Pilbara in 8.1. NATIONAL PARKS 1985 and is located 179kms north of Port Hedland on the The Shire of East Pilbara contains the largest national park Great Northern Highway. The Reserve contains camping area within WA. Karlamilyi National Park is 12,837km² and facilities and provides various opportunities for fishing, the second largest national park in Australia. Additionally boating and other active or passive recreational activities.. Karajini National Park at 6,200km² in size is 190km’s north Whilst not within the Shire of East Pilbara, Karijini of Newman and although not within the Shire is often national park is a significant tourist destination that can accessed via the town. be accessed from Newman. Access to Karijini is much Karlamilyi national park (also known as Rundall River more accessible than Karlamilyi, with the park providing National Park) is located in a remote area north east of 2WD and 4WD options. From Newman the park may be Newman on the boundary between the Great Sandy reached via Karijini Drive from Great Northern Highway or Desert and the Little Sandy Desert. The Park is mostly Tom Price, via Marandoo Road. arid or semi-arid desert and includes the watershed of the Rudall River. The park is accessible from Newman (via ‘Walgun’ and ‘Billinnooka’ and along the Tallawanna Track) and Marble Bar along the Ripon Hills Road and is popular for remote area tourism. There are two Aboriginal settlements within the park; Punmu and Parnngurr. The park is zoned ‘Conservation’ under the Shire’s current Town Planning Scheme No. 4.

91 Shire of East Pilbara 92 HAMES SHARLEY

Figure 35: Karlamilyi and Karajini National Park 23ne Ju 2016 2:57 PM 8.2. RECREATION Amongst residents, one of the key focuses for Newman in the future is for improved entertainment / recreation Sport and recreation opportunities are the basis of social facilities such as pool and sauna, indoor cricket; and parks capital building in regional Australia. Access to high such as water park, theme park, skate park, dog park quality sport and recreation facilities, particularly in a (Strategic Community plan). A key focus for the Shire is landscape with an unfavourable climate, is essential to to continue to maintain recreation facilities and public quality of life, and therefore, to labour retention. open spaces. Recreational Facilities As part of current planning, the strategic planning for Other recreational facilities and open space areas located the Shire identifies the development of a recreational within each of the settlement areas have been outlined precinct to meet the predicted future growth (Strategic in Table 7. community plan). This was based on the 15,000

Table 9: Recreational Facilities aspirational population forecast. Further to this, there are no significant new open space areas or recreational area AREA RECREATION FACILITIES MAJOR OPEN SPACE AREAS planned within Newman. However, facility upgrades and new facilities have been identified. This is discussed in Newman • Newman Recreation • Boomerang Centre including fit- Park Section 8 community facilities. ness Centre; Indoor Sports centre and • North New- There is a recreational area and recreation club (including Crèche Service man reserve swimming pool) within Marble Bar and one formal park, Memorial Park. Within marble bar there are several other • Newman Aquatic • Boomerang Centre (50m swim- oval uniformalised open space areas such as the area along ming pool) Sandy Creek. These recreational and open space facilities • Capricorn are considered to be adequate for the role and population • Fortescue Golf Club oval of the town. • Newman Race Course There are no formal open space or recreational areas located within Nullagine, other than an oval reserve Marble Bar • Marble Bar Aquatic • Memorial Centre (25m Swim- Park adjoining the Irrungadji Community. However, given the ming pool) setting and population of Nullagine, this is not considered to be a significant issue or constraint. • Marble Bar Gym Nullagine • Irrungadji Oval A number of recreation projects have been completed Reserve; within the Shire, including upgrades to playgrounds and • Lynas Hill Lookout parkland and the improvement of sporting fields including the provision of sports field lighting. Other unfunded Smaller neighbourhood open space areas and short to medium term works include the development of unformalised parks are also located throughout residential Newman Lions Park as an overflow active sporting reserve areas within Newman. Additional community facilities, of and community events venue (Pilbara Cities, 2009). which some contain recreational facilities, are detailed within Section 8 Community Facilities. Newman Sport, Recreation and open Space Assessment (2012) provides an overview of planning requirements A strategic goal for Newman (Newman Tomorrow) is and recommendations for recreational facilities. ‘People of vitality’ which seeks to diversify and provide Implementation of this report and its recommendations access to recreational, leisure and creative activities. will ensure that access and opportunity in a diverse range Newman Sport, Recreation and Open Space Assessment of recreational pursuits become a permanent part of (2012) was commissioned to provide guidance as to Newman life. recreational improvements within Newman into the future.

Newman

93 Shire of East Pilbara

Figure 36: Newman recreation location (Source: Pilbara vernacular Handbook, LandCorp 2012)

Figure 38: Nullagine recreation location Marble Bar

Figure 37: Marble Bar recreation location

Nullagine

94 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 09 COMMUNITY FACILITIES

The Shire of East Pilbara Strategic Community Strategy 2012-2022 states a core belief of the Shire’s is that “all residents have a common interest in living healthy, happy and productive lives, with access to the best possible services and facilities”. The Shire community is a mix of demographic and includes a range of short-term, medium-term and long-term residents (as illustrated in Section 4.1 Population).

Whilst there is a focus on the centres where there is a concentration of the population, meeting the expectations and addressing the challenges and needs of the broader community is an important aspect of planning and delivering community services and facilities.

A cohesive, attractive and recognisable community is fundamental to addressing broader objectives in the Shire such as economic diversity, attraction and retention of skilled labour (including government and community service workers), retaining younger generations and improving their future opportunities through education and up-skilling, supporting Aboriginal settlements and addressing social and economic issues connected with Fly-in Fly-out employment.

An overview of the community and emergency services located within the Shire of East Pilbara have been provided in Table 8. Community and emergency services are clustered within the townships of Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine.

Mine camps generally operate their own basic community services in isolation from the Shires infrastructure and services. This may include basic emergency response services and health services.

95 Shire of East Pilbara Table 10: Community facilities

AREA EMERGENCY CIVIL HEALTH EDUCATION CHILDCARE/ RELIGIOUS COMMUNITY SERVICE EARLY LEARNING Newman • Newman • Newman • Newman • South • YMCA • Baptist • Newman Police Visitor Hospital Newman Newman Church RSL Service Centre (District Primary Early hospital) School Starters • Martu • Newman • State • Newman (State Learning Christian YMCA Emergency Community • Newman school) Centre Fellowship Service Library Medical • Newman Centre • Newman • Newman • Muslim Lions Club • Newmand • Post Office Primary Day Care Congre- Volunteer • Child School Centre gation • Newman Fire and • Newman Health (State Mosque Youth Rescue Cemetery Clinic school) • Creche at Centre Recreation • Newman • Ambulance • Dentist • Newman Centre Congre- sub-sta- Senior gation of tion (1x FT • Chiroprac- High Jehovah Paramedic) tor School Witness (State • Physiother- school) • St Stephens apy Anglican • TAFE campus Marble Bar • Police • Marble • Nursing • Primary station Bar Public post school Library • State Emergency • Marble Bar Service Cemetery

• Under in- • Marble Bar vestigation: Pioneer Formal Cemetery Evacuation (closed) Nullagine • Police • Nullagine • Nursing • Nullagine station Public post Remote Library Community • Under in- School vestigation: • Nullagine Formal post Office Evacuation • Nullagine Cemetery

96 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 9.1. HE ALTH Within the Pilbara Region, health is one of the preeminent is also recognised as a centre of excellence for its work in focus areas relating to community development. preserving Indigenous languages from all over Australia Regionally, it has been noted that there is a need for (Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure, 2012). significant expansion and upgrade to health services, including the provision of additional services. A budget of Education in the Pilbara Region, like all other sectors is $150 million was allocated for health under the Royalties highly constrained by the lack of quality and affordable for Regions in 2010/11. accommodation in the Pilbara. This is also reflective within the Shire. Newman Tomorrow 2030 indicates that Newman Hospital provides district level hospital services high quality tertiary education is required in the form of for the Shire of East Pilbara. Newman Tomorrow 2030 a university campus or other tertiary institution. There identifies a need for renewal of Newman Hospital. The is also the need in Newman to offer skills training to support of health infrastructure and services in Newman support the mining and resource sector, as well as local has been adopted as a strategic direction in the Shire’s business (i.e. school to work transition programs and Economic Development and Tourism Strategy. Two areas apprenticeships and traineeships). have been identified for action: Additionally, in response to growth and further ++ Development of suites for health and allied health development of the Shire, specifically settlement areas, professionals on the former tennis court site near the it is important that the Shire work with the Western Newman Hospital; and Australian Government to plan for and set aside locations + + Strong advocacy of the renewal of Newman Hospital. of new primary and secondary schools in order to meet Both of these actions are supported by the Western future needs. This is proposed to occur in coordination Australian Country Health Service. with the development of a Newman Land Use Masterplan.

Renewal of the Newman Hospital should include purpose- It is also identified in the Strategic Community Plan (2012) built facilities that cater to population characteristics and that Aboriginal education within the Shire requires further allow for population growth. consideration with fewer Aboriginal persons in Newman completing Year 12 than non-Aboriginal persons (25% Outside of Newman there are smaller nursing posts and compared with 45%) and similar poor education rates for medical facilities. These provide basic medical services to areas external to Newman. regional areas. The Strategic Community Plan specifies planned action 9.2. EDUCATION for education and training are to increase educational courses run within the Shire and encourage high quality One of the top five focus areas identified by residents of education and diverse skills development. A recent the Shire was education. As of the Census 2011, 30.3% of study into options to improve education outcomes in people were attending an educational institution within the Pilbara echoed the affordable housing dilemma in the Shire. Of these, 12.0% were in primary school, 3.7% proposing three critical priority areas (Pilbara Planning in secondary school and 8.1% in a tertiary or technical and Infrastructure Framework): institution. Education opportunities in the Pilbara range from early learning to post secondary. Newman has 1. E-learning including Information Communications two primary schools and a secondary school. Tertiary Technology (ICT) and specifically the provision of high education is via TAFE, also with a physical location speed broadband services. within the town. Schools are also located within other 2. Attraction and retention of staff with multiple settlement areas and aboriginal settlements, these have approaches including pre-service and in-service support, been outlined in Table 8. staff coaching and mentoring, sister school partnerships and improved and extended housing options. In addition, Pilbara Institute delivers vocational education 3. Pathways to Learning (and Training) for both staff and and training (VET), which are nationally accredited across students across all age ranges from early childhood campuses in the Pilbara including Newman. Pilbara to post secondary options. Specific interventions Institute also serves a number of remote Aboriginal propose the deployment of school participation officers, school buses and student accommodation to increase settlements in Marble Bar and Nullagine. Pilbara Institute attendance.

97 Shire of East Pilbara State Government’s Regional Development Assistance 9.6. CULTURE AND ENTERTAINMENT Program (RDAP) works closely with the schools across the The Shire has a rich Aboriginal and historical culture. The Pilbara to capacity build for staff and pupils. strength of its culture is a key consideration in driving a 9.3. EARLY CHILDHOOD SERVICES positive future for the Shire and providing the community with a strong send of identity. Early Childhood Services across the Pilbara can be divided into Long Day Care, Out of School & Vacation Currently, cultural and entertainment facilities are Care, Occasional Care, Family Day Care and Playgroups. currently limited in the region. However, there are plans Long Day Care services provide quality all day or part- to enhance the vitality and vibrancy of many of the time care for children of working families and the general regional centres such as Newman (Pilbara Planning and community. Out of school hours care services provide Infrastructure Framework, 2012). care mainly for primary aged children before and after school and during vacation time. Occasional care is All of the facilities and services discussed within this a unique child care service that supports families by section will assist in cultivating a stronger community providing flexible care for children from birth to school and community identity. Beyond this, emphasis on art, age. It can be accessed regularly or irregularly. culture and youth programs to be run in the Shire will also help to further achieve cohesiveness and vibrancy. Other Early Years Services operate in towns across the Pilbara region including Toy Libraries, Early years Groups, In terms of specific cultural and entertainment facilities, Mothers and Babies groups. Information on these groups there are currently minimal facilities in the Shire. Within is usually made available from the Child health clinic, local Newman many of the facilities are multi-use and library or Women’s Centre. accommodate community groups and events (i.e. YMCA, Recreation Centre). This is also consistent for the other Recent shortages in childcare facilities have been settlement areas. addressed through Government and Industry support for new centres in Newman. Within Newman there are a number of planned projects that will improve the towns identity. These include 9.4. AGED CARE planning and construction of new Youth / Family multipurpose building, implementation of Urban and Aged care facilities and services including retirement Public Art Project, develop an Indigenous Art and Cultural living options will increase in importance as the Pilbara Centre for Martumilli and the planning and construction population grows and the community aims to become of a Civic Centre and Precinct. more vertically integrated developing family histories across four generations. These requirements are anticipated to be addressed as the part of the longer- term affordable housing strategy for the region (RDAP).

There are no planned projects specifically addressing aged care identified. However, the Shire seeks to support community services that include aged care. 9.5. NON-GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS There are a range of NGO’s in the Pilbara, many represented by the Pilbara Association of Non-Government Organisations that provide valuable and much needed services to the community. With the anticipated growth in both transient and residential population numbers the demand for these services will increase.

98 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 10 RURAL LAND USE, SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT

Subdivision and development within the Shire of East Newman Plbara is largely contained within the main townsites Residential zoning dominates Newman, the Town of Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. The broadscale Centre zone located in the centre of the town is bound settlement patterns are reflective of resource and by residential parcels to the north, east and south. The mineral booms which have largely been responsible for Residential zones comprise predominately of a split population growth and settlement within the region. density coding of Residential R15/40. The areas are complemented by Parks and Recreation reserves which The Pilbara Goldfield was proclaimed in 1888 and divided are sporadically located within the residential areas, as into two districts, Marble Bar and Nullagine. In the early well as in the town centre and near the public purpose 1890s the existence of alluvial gold in both mining districts zones. Located north-east of the Town Centre zone are produced a significant gold rush. Subsequently the town five parcels of Special Use zoned lots. A Community and of Marble bar was gazetted in 1893 and Nullagine in Cultural purpose zone binds the north-west edge of the 1895, lots sold rapidly following their release in 1894 town, and pockets of Industrial zoned land are located (Strategic Community Plan, Creating Communities, 2012). towards the south-west Both Nullagine and Marble Bar were overshadowed after 1970 by the new iron ore mining town of Newman. It is evident that the town is set for expansion; there are Global demand for Iron ore propelled the East Pilbara currently two pending proposed scheme amendments, into a period of rapid growth and development (Strategic which both provide for the provision of more residential Community Plan, Creating Communities, 2012). housing. Proposed scheme amendment No. 20 accommodates the Cowra Residential precinct, which is 10.1. TOWNSITES located to the north-east of the Newman Town Centre. In light of the above, the following section provides an The precinct consists of 2 fragmented portions of land, overview of development patterns which have occurred over multiple landholdings separated by Newman Drive. throughout the three major townsites. The Scheme amendment proposes to rezone a portion of unallocated Crown Land from ‘Rural’ zone and ‘Special Use 1’ and ‘Special Use 2’ zone to ‘Residential Development’ zone. It is calculated the proposed scheme amendment will generate 49.5ha of residential developable land.

Figure 39: Newman Zoning Map (Extract) (Source: Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Scheme) 99 Shire of East Pilbara Marble Bar Nullagine Similar to Newman, Residential zoning dominates Marble The Nullagine Townsite is the smallest of the major Bar, the centre of the town site comprises of Recreation Townsites in the East Pilbara. The site is predominately zoned land, which is attached to the Town Centre zone zoned ‘Nullagine Townsite’, dissected into east and west to the north-east and Community and Cultural Purpose by Nullagine Road and further into north and south by the zone located to the north-west of the site. A pocket of Nullagine River. The Townsite contains three land parcels industrial land is located on the outskirts of the town of Recreation zoned land, and has sporadically located to the north-west and various public purpose sites are parcels of public purpose zoned land, shown in Figure 35. sporadically located throughout the town as shown on Figure 34.

Figure 40: Marble Bar Zoning Map (Extract) (Source: Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Scheme)

Figure 41: Nullagine Zoning Map (Extract) (Source: Shire of East Pilbara Local Planning Scheme)

100 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 10.2. RURAL AREAS Outside of the townsites, land uses are generally used for Pastoral activities have been identified as important for mining or pastoral uses. the region and the shire as they assist in maintaining biodiversity and productivity of the land, contribute Pastoral Leases to the maintenance of inland communities through The Pilbara State of the Environment Report, 2013 maintaining infrastructure (e.g. roads and airstrips) and indicates that as of 2010 the Region supported 51 assist in diversifying the economy. Furthermore, prior to businesses managing pastoral leases in the Pilbara. These the resources boom of the 1960s, the pastoral industry Pastoral uses occupied a totoal land area of 14.2 million was the mainstay of the economy in the Pilbara. With hectares (28% of regional land). increased attention and investment in Australia as one of the global foodbowls, the focus on the region for it’s All pastoral leases are administered by the Pastoral lands pastoral productivity will become more dominant. Board, a statutory based, representative Board enacted through the land Administration Act 1997. All pastoral Mining Leases leases in Western Australia are due to expire on 30 There are a number of mining lease and tenements within June 2015. The Minister for lands has previously offered the Shire of East Pilbara. All exploration renewal for all but a few of the leases, with the new term to be the same as the current lease in accordance with the Mapping obtained from the Department of Mines and provisions of the land Administration Act 1997. The expiry Patroeum has been used to map the mining activities for of leases in 2015 was seen as an appropriate time to the Shire of East Pilbara. negotiate exclusions from pastoral leases of key areas of All mining licences for minerals and petroleum resources land identified for public purposes including biodiversity are administered by the Department of Mines and conservation. Petroleum under the Mining Act 1978. The Mining Act These include ten pastoral leases at Hamersley, Hillside, makes provision for a number of different tenements, Juna Downs, Karratha, Mardie, Marillana, Mulga Downs, including prospecting licences, exploration, retention and Pyramid, Rocklea and Roy Hill. miscellaneous licences, and mining and general purpose leases (DMP, 2008 The growth and health pasoral activities relies on rainfall and careful grazing management, as without healthy vegetation cover, the soils of the rangelands are exposed to severe climatic extremes and degradation.

101 Shire of East Pilbara 11 HERITAGE, URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER

The area now comprising the Shire of East Pilbara is However, there are 17 sites that are considered of state culturally and historically rich, the land has been occupied heritage significance and are listed on the State Heritage for thousands of years with Indigenous Australians List administered by the Office of Heritage. These have demonstrating autonomy, mobility and innovation in been listed in Table 9.

adapting to a harsh natural envieonment (Creating Table 11: Pilbara Heritage Places Communitites, 2010). The original settlement provided the innate character of the area, which has further been NAMES LOCATION shaped by European settlement. The following section Andover Lead Mine West Pilbara reinforces the need for heritage protection and charcter (Brothers United, Wool- enhancement within the Shire. It explores areas of heritage cock Mine) and cultural significance and identitifies key elements Mons Cupri Mine West Pilbara for preservation whilst also recognising, preserving and Normay Mine Pilbara enhancing exisisting character by way of producing bespoke development standards and requirements. Ragged Hills Mine Pilbara The following section investigates appropriate climatic Whundo Mine (Whundo West Pilbara building deisgn responses aimed to preserve and enhance West Mine) the regions character whilst boosting public spaces and Abydos - Woodstock Wittenoom Rd East amenities. Reserves Pilbara 11.1. HERITAGE Mount Brockman Mine Pilbara Group Pastoral Legacy Devons Cut Mine Pilbara Early European settlement occurred at Roebourne and the port of Cossack. Early industry was largely pastoral, gold Comstock Lode (Colorado West Pilbara mining and pearling. The pre-mining era towns provide Silver Mine) many examples of colonial architecture of the early 1900s, Corunna Downs Station Salgash Corunna Downs with the best examples being at Cossack, Roebourne, and (Brockman’s Station Rd East Pilbara Marble Bar. The conservation of colonial heritage in old (1890s)) town sites and centres such as Cossack, Roebourne, Port Marble Bar South Cop- Pilbara Hedland, Marble Bar and Onslow is very important in per-Gold Mine a region where the majority of the built form has been Whim Creek Mine Site North West Coastal constructed since the late 1960s. Hwy West Pilbara Indigenous Heritage Warrawagine Homestead Woodie Woodie Rd East Aboriginal people have lived in the Pilbara for more than (Warrawagine Home- Pilbara 40,000 years. Today there are more than 31 Aboriginal stead Buildings) cultural or language groups across the region. Pilbara Blue Spec Mine Pilbara Indigenous culture still follows traditional Law patterns, Ragged Hills East Mine Pilbara processes and custodian duties. The beliefs that Dreamtime beings, who created the land features and Copper Hills Mine Pilbara continues to control water and food supplies, are still Newman Police Station Newman strongly felt throughout the Pilbara. Conservation of Nullagine Police station Gallop Way, Nullagine indigenous culture and the land, to which they have Concrete Road Bridge Marble Bar Rd Nullag- traditional custodianship, is central to the respect and over Fortescue River ine recognition of the part such culture plays in the identity of the Pilbara. Poinciana House (CWA 50 Augusta St Marble Centre, G J W G Miles Bar Pilbara Heritage Places House) There are no sites listed on the National Heritage List. Ironclad Hotel, Marble Francis St Marble Bar Bar

102 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 11.2. URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER The main shopping precinct is the Boulevard Shopping Centre which has a Woolworths supermarket and room Due to the Shire’s vast landscape the following section for up to 18 other retail tenancies. The existing buildings focuses on the built form and urban morphology of the within Newman’s Town Centre are considered to have key townsites of Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. little consideration for the streetscape, and although This section in particular focuses on the identification these buildings house commercial, retail and government and enahancement of local character and identity, the services, provide little opportunity for synergy between enhancement of local amenities and public safety as complimentary activities (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, well as reinforcing the need for sustainable building 2012). design and climatically appropriate buildings through the implementation of bespoke deisgn standards and guildines.

NEWMAN Town Centre

Public Space in Newman town centre

Figure 42: Newman townsite land use (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, LandCorp 2012) Existing Development The primary shopping centre in Newman was constructed Extensive car parking in Newman town centre in 1997. This shopping centre is internalized, effectively turning its back on the street and drawing activity away from the street. It is surrounded by large areas of both sheltered and unsheltered car parking. Most buildings in the town centre are over 25 years old and are either stand-alone purpose-built structures which fail to respond to both the climate and context of Newman (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012). Much of Newman’s commercial development is fragmented also surrounded by large expanses of carparks. As a result, commercial developments tend to lack integration with other shops and their surrounds. There is a need for co-location of Newman general street retail, commercial and community services.

103 Shire of East Pilbara Challenges Highlighted within the Newman Town Centre Style Guide ++ Large expanses of facades, limited relationship with the and Design Guideline, Newman’s town centre is anticipated public realm, contributing to a dull, arduous and harsh town centre experience. to develop into a more fully integrated service, shopping and social area. The centre will accommodate a greater ++ Limited diversity and inappropriate residential provisions for a town centre environment. density and diversity of activities in a more efficient and more attractive setting. The centre should develop the Relevance to LPS public amenity, safety and enhancement of local character ++ There is sufficient land for the town centre to to accommodate the existing residents, whilst providing be developed to meet the service and amenity adaptable design solutions and provisions for potential requirements of Newman’s anticipated population. population demands. ++ The future planning provisions for the Newman Town Centre are being addressed by Pilbara Cities Town Public realm & existing uses Centre Revitalisation Plan and the Newman Town Centre ++ There is a strategic need to implement a program to Style Guide and Design Guidelines. deliver much needed public realm and amenity at both ++ The recommendations and strategies prescribed within the townsite and town centre level, including: the Newman Town Centre Style Guide and Design −− Enhanced movement networks for pedestrians and Guidelines and Town Centre Revitalisation Plan will be cyclists; considered during the development of the LPS. −− Responsive design reactive to the energy, water and Residential/Townsites environmental limitations;

−− Enhancement of public amenities (Emphasis on climatic responsive design) and improvement of public safety; and −− New entry statement to the town centre, provision of a new main street and town square and landscaping which enhances sense of arrival. ++ The existing uses are not complimentary to each other ++ Buildings are disconnected from the street edge and surrounded by large expanses of car parks. ++ Poor pedestrian amenity, where lack of pedestrian infrastructure is compounded by large areas of hot unshaded asphalt. ++ Movement throughout the Town Centre is unintuitive and relies on knowledge rather than an intuitive understanding. ++ Limited landscaping and shade trees to reduce the heat island effect. Figure 43: Newman townsite residential land use Character (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, LandCorp 2012) ++ Existing development with the Newman Town Centre does not contribute to the local image or identity of Newman. ++ The existing buildings do not enhance the streetscape appearance or facilitate the development of any local character. ++ Buildings lack design quality and a sense of permanence. ++ Few buildings in the town centre exhibit a Newman style or local identity.

104 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Existing Development Newman’s residential subdivisions were constructed in response to immediate demand for housing for mining employees. These early developments have a dormitory aesthetic and a proliferation of a repetitive housing type throughout a single residential area. House designs generally do not conzsider the unique environmental and social requirements of living in Newman (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012). Housing in Newman is predominately single storey detached, with few double storey houses. Larger lots have been developed into apartments and semi-detached houses, usually near the Newman town centre (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012). The stages of early residential development in Newman are clearly delineated. Housing stock within these areas characteristically are representative of their era of development, and are identified in Figure 38.

1960s house in Newman 1980s house in Newman (Source: Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012) (Source: Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012)

1970s house in Newman Contempory house in Newman. (Source: Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012) (Source: Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, 2012)

105 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 44: Newman‘s residential areas depicted by era (Pilbara Vernacular Handbook, LandCorp 2012) Challenges houses, which currently dominate the town. Greater Given the history of Newman’s residential subdivisions lot diversity is needed to facilitate a broader variety of the area is now experiencing the ramifications of housing housing choices. provisions being reactive responses to market demand, ++ Repetitive, housing built en-masse to accommodate implemented without guidance of strategic planning. mining workers reinforces perceptions of transience The Mt Newman Mining company provided a large rather than permanence. proportion of the existing housing stock. Subsequently, ++ Some areas lack passive surveillance due to low density housing provisions predominately cater for single mine provisions, and impermeable fencing. workers and are not suited for other occupants of a Residential character different demographic, such as families with children or ++ Existing development within Newman’s residential areas retirees. The effects on housing stock further exceed a does not contribute to the local image or identity of lack of housing type diversity, but also effect the broader Newman character and design of the area. The issues surrounding ++ The existing housing stock does not enhance the Newman’s residential suburbs are summarised below. streetscape appearance or facilitate the development of any local character. Housing design ++ Most houses were designed without consideration of ++ Buildings lack design quality and a sense of durability. climate responsive strategies; responsive climatic design ++ Few houses exhibit a Newman style or local identity. standards and requirements are needed to facilitate more sustainable building design. ++ Generally areas lack passive surveillance undermining the amenity of the area. ++ The temporary cycle of life in Newman is reflected ‘do- it-yourself’ sheds and pergolas, which detract from the broader character and amenity of the area. ++ Lot layouts and size accommodate for single detached

106 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Relevance to LPS Residential/Town centre The LPS will seek to address the below opportunities relevant to housing and the residential areas in Newman:

++ Have due regard and reinforce where applicable the recommendations and strategies prescribed within the Newman Town Centre Style Guide and Design Guidelines during the development of the LPS. ++ Develop a more permanent and diverse housing aesthetic. ++ Refurbish existing houses that reflect transient history and develop new character. ++ Develop short stay accommodation that is integrated with the town and sympathetic to its character. ++ Existing large lots offer a great deal of flexibility; creating redevelopment options and the opportunity to utilise environmentally responsive strategies. ++ Availability of lots for greenfield and infill development. ++ Provide cardinal lots in new (greenfield) development areas. ++ Normalisation process can provide opportunities for new development and enhanced ownership with Figure 45: Marble Bar zoning map alterations, extensions and refurbishment.

Challenges MARBLE BAR There are a number of existing areas which are not as Existing Development well utilized as they should be, a number of community facilities in Marble Bar are currently closed or unused. As highlighted within section 9 low density residential The demise of these community facilities pose negative zoning dominates Marble Bar, the centre of the town impacts on the broader aesthetic and character of the comprises of Recreation zoned land, adjacent to the town town. The following areas have been highlighted as key centre zone which lies to the north-east. The town centre concerns: comprises of minimal commercial uses providing basic ++ On the main street, the old general store building and goods to the local community. Residential development adjacent Pipunya facility have been closed, boarded is characterised by single semi-detached housing stock, up and left in a poor condition (ProspectUs Future a homogenous supply not too dissimilar to Newman directions for Marble Bar, Creating Communities 2010). housing provisions. ++ The telecentre communication and training facility for residents and visitors is in inadequate in size and Marble Bar holds historical and cultural significance to the requires upgrading. East Pilbara Region, it is a unique example of a pioneering + outback town established in the gold rush days of the + The old school hostel and employment training workshop, another Pipunya facility, stands unused and late 1800s. Marble Bar also contains natural beauty as derelict. well as historic charm, these elements are innate to the ++ There is a disengagement of youth from organized area character and should be enhanced and preserved sports and recreation which has subsequently led to where appropriate. the disuse of related amenities. Although the Shire is seeking to increase its capacity to staff and fund the planned activation of recreation facilities. As they currently stand they pose negative impacts and safety concerns to the area.

107 Shire of East Pilbara The disuse and sometimes dilapidation of commercial Residential character and housing design and public amenities within Marble Bar significantly ++ Most houses were designed without consideration of diminishes the aesthetics of the town, can potentially climate responsive strategies; responsive climatic design leave an unfavorable impression with tourists and also standards and requirements are needed to facilitate more sustainable building design. potentially impacts on the collective psyche of the community (ProspectUs Future directions for Marble Bar, ++ Some areas lack passive surveillance due to low density Creating Communities 2010). provisions. ++ Existing development within Marble Bar’s residential areas does not contribute to the local image or local identity.

Relevance to LPS The LPS will seek to address the above stated challenges currently facing marble Bar:

++ Provide landscaping and local amenity design strategies to boost aesthetics of the town centre;

Provide landscaping and local amenity design strategies to boost aesthetics of recreational facilities;

++ Identify and preserve exiting areas of cultural and historical significance. Ironclad Hotel Nullagine Also noted within Section 9 Nullagine is the smallest of the major Townsites in the East Pilbara, and is predominately zoned ‘Nullagine Townsite’, and is dissected into east and west by Nullagine Road. The Townsite contains three land parcels of Recreation zoned land, and has sporadically located parcels of public purpose zoned land. Given the small nature of Nullagine and the dominance of residential development, which appears to face similar challenges to Marble Bar and Newman emphasis for the town is to focus on climate housing design

Marble Bar War Memorial

Marble Bar Church

Figure 46: Nullagine zoning Map 108 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 12 TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT

This section provides information relating to roads and traffic (including freight), public transport, airports and pedestrian and cyclist transport networks. The infrastructure assessment provides analysis of existing infrastructure to identify potential constraints that may limit future development and planning for the Shire. 12.1. ROADS AND TRAFFIC The Pilbara road network consists of some 8,593 kilometres of classified roads comprising 624 kilometres of National Highway, 1,776 kilometres of State Roads and 6,193 kilometres of Local Government Roads (Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile). Approximately 80% of the Pilbara’s inputs are transported by road. However, only 3% of the region’s outputs are transported by road with the balance being transported by rail.

Within the Shire of East Pilbara key routes are:

++ Great Northern Highway (Route 95) – Auslink strategic corridor; ++ Marble Bar Road (M30); and

++ M63 between Marble Bar and Telfer.

The Great Northern Highway is a sealed road providing connections between Newman and Port Hedland, whilst both Marble Bar Road and the M63 are secondary roads and are unsealed in some locations. The Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile (WAPC, 2009) shows the existing road network in the Shire of East Pilbara. A map detailing the road network from this document is illustrated in Figure 41 .

Great Northern Highway Great Northern Highway is currently the primary freight and transport road link between Perth and Newman; and Newman and Port Hedland. The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework considers the traffic volumes on the road network (see Figure 41). Vehicle trips generated along this road link is projected to continue to increase along the Great Northern Highway, which is based on growth and economic activity of all regional towns within the Pilbara including Newman, Port Hedland and Karatha.

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Figure 47: Figure 41 Road Network Source: Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile (WAPC,2009 ) There are a number of projects currently being undertaken view and increase connectivity and reliability during the to improve Great Northern Highway, these include: wet season, as the high level of closure currently has an impact on surrounding communities. This is an issue that ++ Ongoing development and maintenance improvement works to achieve the applicable standard formation of could continue to prevent further growth and community 11m with a 9m seal. development within the region, particularly townsites of Marble Bar and Nullagine. ++ Overtaking lanes are planned to be implemented in 2014/15 for the 100km of road north of Newman between Slk 1167 and Slk 1268. This will predominantly assist overtaking opportunities on climbing sections of the Highway. ++ Construction of a channelised right turn lane on the northern approach to the Newman Drive intersection. Construction is anticipated to commence in April 2014. ++ Blackspot funding has been allocated to construct an auxiliary right turn lane on the southern approach to the intersection. Construction is anticipated to have commenced in October / November 2013.

Marble Bar Road Marble Bar Road is a key road link in the Shire, used for transport and logistics businesses transporting goods and services to mining areas, between the settlement areas of Newman, Nullagine and Marble Bar as well as Port Hedland and to other major infrastructure such as the Port. Marble Bar Road is predominantly unsealed.

The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework considers the traffic volumes on the road network in three locations across the Pilbara (see Figure ). With regards to the road network in the Shire of East Pilbara, Marble Bar Road is the most relevant as it is evident that although not as significant an increase as on the Great Northern Highway, there is an increase in traffic volumes on Marble Bar Road between now and 2020.

Whilst the road network through the townsites themselves is considered to be of a reasonable standard, the road network between the townsites must be considered when planning further development in the region. In line with this, the sealing of Marble Bar Road is an important infrastructure improvement to improve road connectivity within, and to areas external to the Shire. The quality of the road network between townsites is important when considering freight movements and getting goods and services to townsites.

Upgrading the road to sealed standard will allow for greater reliability for freight traffic and increase safety for vehicles on these routes. Upgrading of the road to sealed standard is also important from a safety point of

111 Shire of East Pilbara Figure 48: Pilbara: historic and projected road traffic growth (2001-2020) Source: Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework 2012

There are a number of projects currently being undertaken Works to replace the Fortescue River Bridge is scheduled to improve Marble Bar Road, these include: for 2014/15. Whilst the Fortescue River northern section project involves upgrading of a 1.8 km section of Marble A planning study has been undertaken by MRWA for Bar Road between Slk 97 and Slk 99 just north of the Marble Bar Road between Newman (Great Northern Fortescue River to sealed standard. This section of road Highway turn-off) and Ripon Hills Road (276km in is currently unsealed and will be sealed as part of this length). The study has been initiated to upgrade and project. The approximate location is shown on Figure 43. seal the section of road to improve the safety of the road and make it more reliable for the wet season. State and Royalties for Regions funding totaling $33 million has been committed to the project for the 2013/14 and 2014/15 financial years. The approximate location of this is shown on Figure 43.

As part of the project, Roy Hill Iron Ore are constructing a 21km realignment of Marble Bar Road to the east. The approximate location of this is labelled (2) in Figure . These works are being undertaken in 2 stages, Stage 1 on the northern section has commenced and Stage 2 is currently scheduled for completion in 2016.

112 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM S hire of E ast P ilbara

Figure 49: Current Road Projects 113 Local Roads The Shire of East Pilbara operates and maintains a significant road and path asset portfolio. The majority of these roads are unsealed (see Table 10).

Table 12: Description of Assets Table 13: Road Network Condition

ASSET DESCRIPTION LENGTH (KM) CONDITION 1 2 3 4 5 Length of Sealed Roads 153.74 Pavement Rutting 62% 6.8% 22% 8% 1.% (Seated Roads) Length of Unsealed Roads 465.42 Cracking Extent 84% 13% 1% 1% 1% Length of Unsealed Formed 1002.03 (Sealed Roads) Length of Unsealed Paved 1652.21 Unsealed Gravel 2% 4% 32% 40% 22% Roads Total All Roads 3273.40 Paths 19% 55% 21% 4% 1% Paths 79.48 Despite over 50% of the surfaced network approaching or already exceeding the end of its typical useful life, the sealed road network is considered to be currently in good There is limited data available regarding the frequency condition with both the surfacing and the pavement of use of the road network. However, significant traffic is structure mostly in excellent to good condition. The derived from quad road trains and heavy light to medium unsealed network is considered to be in fair to poor vehicles (Asset Management Plan, 2012/2013). condition given its vast extent and the dynamic nature Whilst sufficient infrastructure is available to service the of an unsealed network. Currently funds for road sealing existing demands, the condition of the road network are allocated in the budget and locations decided in that requires improvement. The useful life of a formed particular year. unsealed road is 10 years, whilst that for a gravel unsealed Higher ongoing maintenance costs are likely to result road is 12 years (Asset Management Plan, 2012/2013) The from unsealed roads as they are more susceptible to condition of the road and path asset can be measured environmental factors such as rainfall. In addition to this by key pavement and surfacing condition attributes, are impacts caused by deterioration from traffic loading, ratings are on a scale of 1 (as new) to 5 (unserviceable). making it difficult to maintain a consistent condition. The percentage of network length in each condition is illustrated in Table 11. Based on projections regarding population and future economic activity, any increase will result in an increase in vehicles using the road network. Existing poor unsealed road conditions may be prohibitive to future economic growth and are likely to require continuous maintenance to ensure standards are upheld.

The Shire of East Pilbara is currently in the process of developing a forward plan to nominate specific roads to be sealed as part of a road sealing program. Additionally, the Shire have agreements for road sealing and road maintenance activities where mining activity results in high usage and/or certain road standard requirements (see Table 12).

114 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Table 14: Maintenance and upgrade agreements

ROAD RESPONSIBILITY Woodie Woodie Road Consolidated Minerals allocate funding of $200,000 per annum for the maintenance and renewal of the Road. The maintenance activities are managed by the Shire. Warrawagine Road Mineral Resources Limited is responsible for the maintenance and renewal of the section they are using under a written agreement with the Shire. Bonney Downs Hillside Road There is a written agreement in place between BC Iron and the Shire. BC Iron funds the maintenance of the section of road used for its operations. Marble Bar Woodstock Road This Project is still in the developing stages by Atlas Iron Limited. Atlas Iron Limited will construct a section of road required for heavy haulage to RAV 10 Network standard. An ongoing maintenance and renewal agreement will be developed. Skull Springs Road MESA Minerals will construct a section of road required for heavy haulage to RAV 10 Net- work standard. An ongoing maintenance and renewal agreement will be developed. Millennium Minerals will construct a section of road required for heavy haulage to RAV 10 Network standard. An ongoing maintenance and renewal agreement will be developed. Munjina Roy Hill Road Rio Tinto Koodaideri Project is still in the developing stages. Traffic at is only expected for mine and railway construction activities and restricted to general freight. An ongoing maintenance and renewal agreement will be developed. Samsung (Roy Hill) will be required to upgrade Munjini Roy Hill Road to accommodate oversize movements. There is a written agreement in place between Process Minerals International and the Shire. Process Minerals International is responsible for the construction of a 60km sealed road and ongoing maintenance for the life of the mine. This is still in the developing stages by Brockman Resources. Process Minerals Interna- tional will construct a detour around the project area. The section will be sealed and to RAV10 network standard. An ongoing maintenance and renewal agreement will be developed

115 Shire of East Pilbara A number of other projects are currently being planned There are a number of more localized issues identified for or have been planned for construction, these include: consideration, these include:

Light Industrial Area Bypass Road - A bypass road from ++ Poor traffic management due to road layout within Welsh Drive / McBride Drive is being progressed linking Newman to the Great Northern Highway just north of Marble Bar ++ Lack of integration between the road networks of the Road. Work is still underway with regards to this road. residential areas in Newman and the town centre Figure 3-1 shows a plan of the possible alignments that ++ Welsh Drive is considered to be a potential blackspot provide a bypass around the Light Industrial Area in location. The vehicle mix in this location is a problem. Newman (see Figure 4). ++ The majority of the road network is subject to flooding, particularly roads within the catchment areas of the Location of black spots and key safety issues - There Oakover, Fortescue and DeGrey Rivers. Locations and are a number of projects that are currently underway in severity varies year by year depending on weather blackspot locations. These are: events, with the majority of the damage caused following natural disaster events such as tropical ++ Kalgan Drive: Blackspot upgrade passing lane (2013/14) cyclones and tropical lows. The roads affected generally are within the aforementioned catchment areas. ++ Newman Drive: Blackspot upgrade road reconstruction Improvements are made to formation and drainage in (2013/14) known locations. However depending on the severity of the event damage still occurs due to the high rainfall and velocity of the runoff.

Figure 50: Light Industrial Area Bypass Alignments

116 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 12.2. RAIL There are three mineral export rail systems in the region; operated by BHP Billiton, Rio Tinto and Fortescue Metals Group (FMG). The railway operated by BHP Billiton serves the north western and south western regions of the Shire of East Pilbara, connecting to Port Hedland, whilst the FMG railway provides a link between the Shire of East Pilbara (north of the Fortescue River) and the Port at Port Hedland. The Rio Tinto railway reaches into the south western corner of the Shire of East Pilbara and links to the Port of Dampier. These have been specifically constructed as heavy duty standard gauge railways to transport iron ore from mine sites to port facilities. The Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile published by the WAPC shows the rail network in the Shire of East Pilbara. The rail network is shown in Figure .

The three existing railways are due to be augmented by two new railways (operated by Hancock and API / MCC). This new infrastructure will extend the region’s mainline rail system from 1,525km to approximately 2,245km. Anticipated increased frequency of ore trains will have implications for road traffic at at-grade road crossings. Third party access to the railway system is currently under negotiation, having been given the ‘green light’ by recent high court and ministerial decisions (Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile, 2009).

The BHP Billiton railway connects to Newman and in future could potentially provide a link between Port Hedland and Newman for the general public. However, rail coverage to Marble Bar and Nullagine is poor. Any further development in these locations and any development in other locations would require additional railway infrastructure to be constructed.

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Figure 51: Rail Network Source: Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile(WAPC, 2009) The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework 12.3. AIRPORTS illustrate a significant increase in iron ore tonnage carried The region has experienced a boom in airport activity to the region’s ports. As illustrated in Figure 46, the East through the significant increase in the number of fly- Pilbara rail network is predicted to carry more tonnes per in-fly-out (FIFO) workers and the multitude of support annum than the West Pilbara rail network between 2014 services staff delivered to mining sites. There are currently and 2017. four Code 4 airports in the Pilbara region (with code 4 In addition, as part of the Roy Hill Project a 344km single CASA airstrips), operated by Local Government and a line heavy haul railway is being constructed to transport mining companies, providing scheduled services to Perth the processed iron ore from the mine to a dedicated port and a limited number of other destinations outside the stockyard facility located to the south of Port Hedland. region: The independently owned and operated Roy Hill railway ++ Port Hedland will operate five ore trains per day, each consisting of + three locomotives hauling 232 ore cars with a total + Karratha payload of 31,450 tonnes of ore. The first shipment of ++ Newman ore is anticipated in 2015. ++ Paraburdoo

Airports have been shown on Figure 47.

Figure 52: Pilbara: rail traffic (Mtpa) projections (2009 - 2020) Source: Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework 2012

119 Shire of East Pilbara The Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework details the passenger projections for a number of airports across the Pilbara. Most relevant to East Pilbara is the increase in passengers at Newman airport. The increase in passengers is illustrated in Figure 7, and anticipates passenger numbers between 200,000 to 290,000 from 2014 to 2020. Since the development of the Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework, further research has been undertaken regarding the population projections for the East Pilbara region, including specific projections for Newman. Subsequently, the figures anticipated in the Framework only account for one spectrum of population growth for Newman, and do not fully account for all probable growth scenarios which have been developed. Nor do they account for possible fluctuations which may occur to the regions productivity levels, in particular those relating to mining which could drastically alter the projected passenger growth levels stated.

Figure 53: Forecast passenger growth, Pilbara airports

120 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Source: Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework 2012 S hire of E ast P ilbara

Figure 54: Airports and landing strips Source: Pilbara Framework: Regional Profile, WAPC, 2009 121 Newman Newman Airport is located within the Shire of East Pilbara. The airport currently has a 3C runway (2,072m long by It is owned and operated by the Shire of East Pilbara and 30m wide with 3m wide sealed shoulders). The airport provides a vital link between the community of Newman currently has CASA exemption for a code 4C runway and surrounding communities to Perth. Newman airport (1,800m and over runway which is 45m wide) which allows is also the only inland public airport in the northern half a larger B737 plane to use the runway. This exemption is of WA and the only public airport located within the going to be withdrawn by approximately 2020 if a runway Shire (11 kilometers south of Newman town). More than with the correct dimensions is not able to be built. The 440,000 passengers pass through Newman airport per cost of this is unknown at this stage and needs to be annum, with 54 Regular Public Transport (RPT) flights determined so that adequate funding can be sourced. per week between Newman and Perth (Shire of East There are three existing Regular Public Transport (RPT) Pilbara website). Qantas, QantasLink, Virgin Australia bays that enable the aircraft to be parked. There is a and Skywest (now operating as part of Virgin Australia) General Aviation bay that is suitable for code 4c (B737 all operate services from Newman to Perth. The airport plane). There are plans in the medium term to 2015 to predominantly services FIFO workers in addition to extend the apron of the RPT bays to allow for larger regional domestic connectivity. planes to be parked which will bring the number of bays According to the Shire of East Pilbara Annual Report to 7. The cost of this has been estimated at $8 million. 2011/2012, traffic through the airport is at least 3 years There are plans in the medium term to 2015 to upgrade ahead of any previously accepted forecasts. Newman essential services and landside infrastructure (security Airport is already deemed too small to cope efficiently check, passport control, etc) which is estimated at $9.6 with incoming and outgoing passenger numbers with million, Emergency services, control Tower and RPT a current inflow / outflow of three times the projected terminal extension which is estimated at $42 million. amount of passengers, with passenger numbers continue to increase at approximately 30% per annum. It is reported that Newman Airport will receive funds from the State Government to upgrade general aviation Newman Airport requires a level of investment from services. The project, that includes extending the area governments and industry that is commensurate with its on which aircraft are parked, refuelled and serviced and importance as an intrastate and potential interstate hub, constructing a helicopter base for the airport, is expected feeding workforce, contractors, consultants and ancillary to cost $1.6 million, half of which would be funded by the services into an economically critical industry for Western Shire of East Pilbara. Australia and the nation.

Recent upgrades and works have been undertaken for both the landside and airside components of the airport. Airside upgrades include an extension to the General Aviation Apron to accommodate a B717 plane; and parking bays for smaller planes. Internal upgrades to the terminal included an extension to check in counters and baggage handling capacity, extension to departure lounge and upgrades to the terminal building to install solar power on the roof of the building.

122 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Marble Bar and Nullagine Other Airports The townsites of Marble Bar and Nullagine both contain In addition to these airports there are also air services airstrips that are owned and operated by the Shire of East direct to mine sites. Most large and small communities Pilbara. Marble Bar has a sealed runway and Nullagine also have aerodrome facilities as the development of has a gravel runway. These facilities provide vital air links the Pilbara has relied heavily on the aviation industry to the respective towns, with the RFDS, Police and local to transport people and freight, due to the distances charter operators all relying on these airstrips for the between settlements and the poor, often unreliable road provision of vital services to the towns. conditions. Airstrips throughout the region are illustrated in Figure8. The Shire of East Pilbara Annual Report 2011/12 indicates the following breakdown of aircraft movements (covering Access to airports and aerodrome facilities will continue Newman Airport and the airstrips at Marble Bar and to be important in the future and must be considered Nullagine: when planning development in the region. Even with upgrades to the road network, distances remain vast and ++ RPT movements 31.7% (confined to using only three parking bays on the RPT apron by nature of its screened travel is much faster by air. services categorisation) Transport and Logistics Hub ++ Closed charters 14.1% The need and opportunity for a potential future transport ++ Helicopters 23.3% (supports the need for a dedicated and logistics hub has been identified for Newman. It is helibase suggested that a transport and logistics master plan be ++ RFDS flights 7.2% developed to further this opportunity and consider major ++ General GA (General Aviation) aircraft 22.7% links (including the vital Newman to Marble Bar upgrade envisaged by the Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure ++ Business jets 1% Framework); transport infrastructure interfaces; From this, it is clear that the airport currently serves strengthen freight corridors; and maximise opportunities various needs and requirements and this is likely to for integrated growth. continue in the future. According to the Newman Tomorrow (2012, the Shire of East Pilbara will seek support for the development of an integrated transport and logistics plan, with a view to Newman developing as an effective service centre for road freight in the Pilbara and gaining associated benefits.

123 Shire of East Pilbara 12.4. PORTS 12.6. PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS There are three major ports located within the Pilbara Most of the streets in Newman include a pedestrian region. These are located at Dampier, Port Hedland footpath on at least one side of the road and residents and Port Walcott (Cape Lambert). None of the Ports are can easily walk to commercial and recreational amenities. located in the Shire of East Pilbara. Port Hedland is the There is also an excellent running / walking path around closest port to the Shire, accessed via Marble Bar Road the perimeter of the town that is regularly used by both or the Great Northern Highway using the road network. locals and tourists. There are pedestrian footpaths on some of the roads in Marble Bar, such as General Street, Port Hedland is 203km from Marble Bar, 298km from and Francis Street. Minor residential streets do not Nullagine and 456km from Newman. Port Hedland serves however have footpaths. There are limited footpaths the mineral rich Eastern Pilbara region and its main export through Nullagine such as along Marble Bar Road commodity is iron ore. Railways operated by BHP Billiton through the centre of Nullagine. There are however no and FMG provide a connection between the Shire of East footpaths on minor residential roads. Pilbara and the port at Port Hedland, whilst Rio Tinto operate a railway that connects the Shire of East Pilbara Development of footpaths / cycle paths is required along at one end to the Port of Dampier at the other. These key desire lines / between movement generators within railways have been specifically constructed to transport the proposed development (for example between a iron ore from the mine sites to the port facilities. Both residential area and a school or shops). Pedestrians and the Ports of Dampier and Port Hedland are operated and cyclists should be separated from heavy vehicles as much managed by port authorities. as possible. Freight routes should be directed around settlements wherever practical. 12.5. PUBLIC TRANSPORT A bus service runs between Newman and Port Hedland. There are two trips a week between Nullagine and Port There are a number of finer detail issues identified for Hedland via Marble Bar and one trip a week between consideration, these include: Nullagine and Newman. The bus is predominantly used + to transport passengers to health appointments. + Limited permeability or safe routes for pedestrians and cyclists; The route and frequency of the existing service may ++ Poor signage and directions to the town centre; need to be altered depending on the location of the ++ Lack of legible cycling and pedestrian routes; development and the change in travel demand due to the size of the development. Alternatively, additional services ++ Pedestrian and cyclist routes through the Newman town centre need to be clearly defined and missing links may be necessary to accommodate any proposed completed; and development. ++ The town centre lacks a main street that is immediately Funding for this service is through the Department of recognisable as the focus of retail and commercial Transport (DoT) (approximately $100,000 per annum). activity. However, funding is inadequate (due to the high accommodation costs for the driver to stay in Port Hedland). As a result, Municipal funds are used to fund the remainder of the service, as the expenses are more than double of the DoT allocated funding ($218,000).

124 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 13 INFRASTRUCTURE

This section provides information relating to The Ophthalmia bore field is located approximately drainage, water supply, sewerage, gas, power and 15km east of Newman and provides raw water to the telecommunications. The infrastructure assessment town of Newman, Mt Whaleback mining operations and provides analysis of existing infrastructure capacity and OreBody 25. BHPB owns and operates the bores on the potential constraints that may limit future development. water source/s, treatment and other bulk water transfer Specific focus is provided for the urban townsites of infrastructure for Newman and also for their mining Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. operations. BHPB has a Department of Water (DoW) licence to draw 10 GL/year from the bore field for ore Newman is the main focus for the infrastructure component processing and public water supply. of this assessment due to the regional importance of the town and the projected level of the growth that the The BHPB Newman service tanks are located about 500m town will sustain into the future. Additionally, it has been west of the town at an altitude of around 586m AHD. Raw noted that Newman currently has inadequate provision water from the various BHPB sources is transferred to raw of all major infrastructure services and the towns assets water storage tanks. Stored raw water is passed into the are aging (30 to 40 years old) and the functional life Water Treatment Plant on demand. The treatment and expectancy of these assets is unknown. disinfection system is located upstream of the treated water storage tanks. Treated water is stored in three The information contained within this Section is based on treated water tanks that have a combined capacity of existing available data provided by regulatory authorities 9.1ML. managing infrastructure assets. Limitations in the data have been identified. Where possible, consultation with The current water treatment plant will support authorities has been undertaken to better understand approximately 10,000 people. There are plans for a new the infrastructure context of the Shire. However, further water treatment plant (by 2016) that will be able to supply studies may be required in the future to address any gaps 15,000 people in Newman and nearby mine sites. in information and infrastructure knowledge. The Newman water network is gravity fed. There are no 13.1. WATER water pump stations downstream of the storage tanks. The transfer point (where BHPB transfers the responsibility for Information has been obtained from Water Corporation, supply to the Water Corporation) is shown in Figure 49. BHP Billiton (BHPB) and Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Treated water gravitates from the treated water storage Framework (2012). tanks via three parallel outlet mains (DN300, DN250, Water supply across Shire consists of independent DN200) to supply the town reticulation network. water supply for each of the towns (Newman, Marble Opportunities to relinquish water treatment and potable Bar and Nullagine). The water supply is treated to water storage assets to Water Corporation has previously relevant standards and then reticulated to developments been suggested. However, it is noted that water source through the Water Corporation Network. Any areas of licensing and asset separation would be difficult due development outside of the town centre generally have to the intrinsic relationship between the dewatering their own water source (i.e. rainwater tank). and recharge process and mining operations (Newman 13.2. NEWMAN Revitalisation Plan, 2010). Newman is located within the Pilbara Groundwater Water network capacity modeling was undertaken Area, which is proclaimed under the Rights in Water by Water Corporation in 2011. This capacity review and Irrigation Act 1914 (WA). Ophthalmia Dam highlighted that some components of the existing catchment covers approximately 4200km2 and intercepts system are at or close to their full capacity. Further stream flow from the Fortescue River and local creeks development in the town and resultant additional water (Warrawanda Creek, Whaleback Creek and Shovelanna service connections is likely to require substantial capital Creek). Ophthalmia Dam was constructed in 1981 as a expenditure on upgrades to the water distribution and means to artificially recharge Ophthalmia bore field. It has reticulation system. Some localised reticulation upgrades a total storage capacity at full storage level (513.5mRL) of by land developers will also be required in order to approximately 31GL. support subdivision and development proposals.

125 Shire of East Pilbara The Water Corporation capacity review (2011) also highlighted a maximum supply (height) limit of approximately 560m AHD from the existing storage tanks.

A number of short term works to improve the Newman reticulation network have been identified and include:

++ installation of a short sections of distribution mains; ++ additional cross-connections between mains and isolation valves in parts of the system to improve performance; and ++ installation of flow monitoring equipment at certain critical points in the system to inform future upgrade decisions.

Water Corporation has scheduled a full review of the Newman water scheme based on the expected growth in services associated with the Pilbara Cities vision. The timing and scope of the review will be dependent on the outcome of ongoing business discussions between the Water Corporation and BHPB.

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Figure 55: Newman gravity water network 127 13.3. MARBLE BAR Marble Bar water is sourced from the Coongan River borefield situated approximately 2km to the west of the town. The town is using approximately 20% of the available water supply.

Water Corporation currently has a series of operating production bores in the borefield that pump into a 2500kL service tank (tank Top Water Level 214.5m) located on the hill immediately south of the town. Raw water is chlorinated prior to entering the tank, which then gravitates into the town reticulation system via a DN250 water distribution main to the intersection of General St and Francis St. Smaller DN150 and DN100 water reticulation mains radiate out from this point.

Figure 56: Schematic of Marble Bar water supply system

In 2003-4, the total number of townsite connections to It’s not known if there are any constraints in the existing was approximately 149 lots. Water Corporation’s long- water reticulation network as no significant growth has term planning assumes a low growth rate for Marble Bar. occurred and there is no planning information available. The total number of services could increase to around However, based on population projections for Marble 165 services over the next 30 years. Given the population Bar, it is considered that growth will be relatively low projections for Marble Bar (see Chapter 4), this is and therefore capacity issues are not considered to be a assumed to be sufficient unless significant unpredicted critical issue unless significant development and growth development occurs. are to occur. As a result, it is recommended that a review be carried out to identify any constraints of the existing The licensed allocation for the Coongan River borefield network if significant growth is proposed is 200,000kL/yr. When planning was last conducted in 2007, the actual abstraction was around 122,000 KL, which represents approximately 61% of the available license is utilised. There are a number of issues that include elevated salinity levels and water hardness in the source of the water supply.

128 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 13.4. NULLAGINE Nullagine water is sourced from two bores and two town wells. The two bores are located approximately 7.5km to the north-east of the town and the wells are located on the southern banks of the river close to the town site. The bores and wells all draw water from the Nullagine River alluvium, which relies on recharge from annual river flows. The estimated available water of 0.05GLpa is very close to the current usage level of 0.04GLpa

Water from the distant bores to the north-east is transferred via a long DN150 bore collector main and fed into the town reticulation system. Source water is chlorinated before entering the reticulation system. Two service tanks are located on the hill (approximately 405m AHD) immediately to the north-west of the town and each have a capacity of 225KL.

Figure 57: Schematic of Nullagine water supply scheme

It’s not known if there are any constraints in the existing Stormwater harvesting in the form of rainwater collected water reticulation network as no significant growth has off roofs into tanks which can provide water for toilets occurred and there is no planning information available. and gardens and reduce the need for potable water from However, based on population projections for Nullagine, it Water Corporation scheme. These can be incorporated is considered that growth will be negligible and therefore into new buildings as part of development requirements. capacity issues are not considered to be a critical issue unless significant development and growth are to occur. As a result, it is recommended that a review be carried out to identify any constraints of the existing network if significant growth is proposed

129 Shire of East Pilbara 13.5. POWER Information has been obtained from BHPB, Pilbara Any new developments within Newman are required to be Planning and Infrastructure framework (2012), Horizon completed in accordance with BHPB SPEC-059-E-12000/2 Power and Eco Generation. Newman Power Electricity Network Conditions of Supply and Design & Installation Policy and Standards. Power is supplied from a number of different sources This provides guidance to consumers and developers across the Shire that includes gas fired power station, and details the service and installation rules, general diesel generators and solar panels depending on which conditions of supply and policies and standards that are town you live in. Power is then distributed through the applicable to all existing consumers and contractors and electrical network as required by developments within the developers associated with future connections to the town sites and any areas that have access to the network. network. Opportunities exist to install sustainable power Marble Bar infrastructure to reduce the demand on the power Horizon Power is the supply authority for Marble Bar. networks and allow for additional electrical supply. These The power generation in Marble Bar was upgraded in can be incorporated into new and existing buildings. 2009/2010. The Pippunyah power station supplies power Newman to the town through a combination of 1350 solar panels BHPB is the supply authority for Newman and adjacent (capable of producing 300 KW), four 320 KW diesel mine sites. They own and operate the transmission and generators and 500KW temporary energy storage system. distribution lines for Newman and adjacent mine sites. The solar panels have tracking technology to follow the sun and maximise electricity production during the Newman is currently supplied electricity from a 178MW day which can supply approximately 65% of the town’s gas fire power station that is owned by Alinta. BHPB are electricity during the day and 30% of the average annual in the process of constructing their own 190MW gas fired demand. power station, ‘Yammina’, to replace the Alinta power station. Yammina is expected to be completed in early The temporary energy storage system is used to provide 2015. additional power to the distribution network during periods of cloud cover. The new Yammina gas fired power station will include gas turbines equipped with heat recovery steam generators to Whilst it is unknown what the current capacity levels capture waste heat for the generation of additional power. are for power, it’s assumed that due to recent upgrades This is projected to minimise gas usage while increasing and low forecast growth within Marble Bar, the existing thermal efficiency and reducing carbon emissions. In the infrastructure provision is adequate to meet future event of a gas service interruption, the plant has also growth levels. Detailed capacity planning would need been configured to allow normal operations to continue to be undertaken if significant growth or development is using diesel fuel. Of the 190MW approximately 18MW is proposed within Marble Bar. allocated to Newman, the remaining is to be allocated to Nullagine mining operations and ancillary mining activities. Horizon Power is the supply authority for Nullagine. The existing transmission, distribution and generation The power generation in Nullagine was upgraded in network is close to capacity. Any substantial developments 2009/2010. The power station supplies power to the would likely require upgrades to the network and possibly town through a combination of 900 solar panels (capable power generation. Upgrades would need to be funded of producing 200 KW), three 320 KW diesel generators by prospective developers. and 500KW temporary energy storage system. The solar panels have tracking technology to follow the sun and Additional supply may be found in the existing network maximise electricity production during the day which can as existing infrastructure is replaced over time with more supply approximately 65% of the town’s electricity during efficient infrastructure. Furthermore, sustainable power the day and 30% of the average annual demand. generation may also assist in balancing out demands on the power network and prolonging the need for major infrastructure upgrades.

130 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM The temporary energy storage system is used to provide providers which include Telstra and Optus. The mobile additional power to the distribution network during network data speeds vary depending on where you are periods of cloud cover. in the town (Figure 52). It has been found on nearby mine sites that the mobile coverage is adequate to service Whilst it is unknown what the current capacity levels the daytime demand requirements. However due to are for power, it’s assumed that due to recent upgrades fluctuations in peak demand which is found to occur at and low forecast growth within Nullagine, the existing the end of shifts then coverage issues occur. infrastructure provision is adequate to meet future growth levels. Detailed capacity planning would need to be undertaken if significant growth or development is proposed within Nullagine.

13.6. GAS Information has been obtained from BHPB, Pilbara planning and Infrastructure framework (2012) and APA Group. Gas is supplied to a Gas fired power station in Newman. The gas is supplied from Goldfields Gas Pipeline (GGP) that runs from Yarraloola to Kalgoorlie.

There is no residential gas supply in Newman, Marble Bar and Nullagine. The new Yammina gas fired power station in Newman will be able to run on diesel if there is an interruption in gas supply from the pipeline.

13.7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS Information has been obtained from BHPB, Pilbara planning and Infrastructure framework (2012), Telco antennas and Telstra (Telstra, 2014).

Telstra is the dominant provider of mobile and broadband services in the Shire. The National Broadband Network (NBN) is available at selected locations in Newman. Telecommunication coverage is provided by a network of underground/overhead cables and mobile phone towers.

A 2008 telecommunication assessment indicated that the townsites have adequate mobile coverage (Telstra, n.d). However, there was limited coverage for long distances of main highways between the towns.

Newman Newman has access to ADSL2+ and the NBN in selected locations. Any new developments larger than 100 lots would be serviced by the NBN to provide broadband in Newman where it is located in an NBN service area. Mobile network is available to Newman by a number of

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Figure 58: Mobile network coverage, Newman Marble Bar Telstra provides coverage to the town and surrounding As can be seen in Figure 53 some areas of the existing areas by the 3G network. The data speed is up to town site are prone to localised flooding of water in a 5 3Mbps. There is no NBN available. There is very limited year rainfall event, specifically the area in the vicinity of information in regards to the existing infrastructure Wilara Street and O’Flaherty Street. in place for the existing telecommunication network to determine the capacity of the existing network In a 100 year rainfall event, the extent and depth of and any constraints. A detailed audit of the existing flooding increases. At proposed development locations, telecommunication infrastructure needs to be completed there is a considerable upstream catchment and also to identify existing infrastructure and allow for appropriate restriction created by the existing culvert capacity under NBN infrastructure to be planned and built. the Great Northern Highway. Any development that occurs in these locations will need to take into account Nullagine the potential flood levels and the impact that fill will have Telstra provides coverage to the town and surrounding on reducing storage in these areas. areas by the 3G network. There is no NBN available. Marble Bar There is very limited information in regards to the existing No available drainage information exists for Marble Bar. infrastructure in place for the existing telecommunication As a result, flooding information is limited and therefore network to determine the capacity of the existing constraints related to flooding and drainage within Marble network and any constraints. A detailed audit of the Bar are unknown. A flooding study is recommended existing telecommunication infrastructure needs to be to be undertaken to assess the impacts from flooding completed to identify existing infrastructure and allow for and determine developable land to support any future appropriate NBN infrastructure to be planned and built. proposed development.

Nullagine 13.8. DRAINAGE The Department of Water undertook a flood assessment of the Nullagine townsite in 2007. Flooding is a significant Information has been obtained from Flood study of constraint to access and development within Nullagine Newman Townsite (Golder & Associates, 2013) Nullagine and has previously caused impacts to property and River Flood Study – Nullagine Townsite (Department of access. The flood study was undertaken to assess the Water, 2007) and consultation with the Shire. impacts of flooding and provide mitigation measures to reduce future impact from flooding for new and existing The Shire is located on Pindan soils which have very development. The Study undertook hydraulic modeling limited infiltration when wet. As a result there is a reliance to determine flood levels (10, 25 and 100 year) and land on existing carriageways, open swales and culverts to use planning guidance to allow a 0.5m buffer to all new transfer stormwater away from settlement areas to water development and minimise potential flood damage of courses. There is very limited underground pit and pipe existing properties through mechanisms such as raising drainage infrastructure. or relocating houses. Figure 54 shows the flood levels Newman of different rainfall events and extent of flooding for Surface water is conveyed towards an easterly direction Nullagine. along three flow paths. These flow paths cross the Great Northern Highway via existing culverts (Golder & Associates, 2013). The Flood Study of Newman Townsite (Golder & Associates, 2013) provided a prediction of various water heights around the existing town site. This enabled determination flooding based on natural surface levels for different rainfall events (ranging from 2 to 100 years).

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Figure 59: Flood Map Model, Newman Source: Golder & Associates, 2013 S hire of

E ast P ilbara

Figure 60: Flood Map Model, Nullagine Source: Golder & Associates, 2013 135 13.9. WASTEWATER Marble Bar and Nullagine Marble Bar and Nullagine manage wastewater private Information has been obtained from Water Corporation, septic tanks and leach drains on each of the lots to treat Pilbara Planning and Infrastructure Framework (DATE) and discharge of wastewater. There are no existing Water and the Newman Sewerage Treatment Plant: Expansion Corporation mains within the Towns. strategy for town population growth up to 18,000 (SoEP, 2012). If any significant development was to occur within either Marble Bar or Nullagine, waste water could be treated in Wastewater treatment is only relevant for Newman a similar method or by the use of an Anaerobic Treatment townsite. Wastewater in Marble Bar, Nullagine and areas Unit (ATU) and sub surface drippers. surrounding Newman do not currently have access to the wastewater network. Wastewater for these areas 13.10. WASTE is generally via onsite treatment by a septic tank and discharged on site by a leach drain. A Waste Data Study for the Pilbara Region and Shire of Broome (Waste Authority, 2013) indicates that in 2011/12 Newman a total of 669,816 tonnes of waste was generated across Wastewater in Newman is transferred by a gravity an area including the sub-catchments of: network and pump stations that are operated by Water ++ Broome Sub-catchment Area; Corporation and then transferred to a Waste Water + Treatment Plant (WWTP) to the north of Newman townsite + Port Hedland Sub-catchment Area; which is owned and operated by the Shire. The treated ++ Karratha Sub-catchment Area; effluent is used to irrigate recreational areas. ++ Onslow Sub-catchment Area; A planning review was conducted in 2013 by Rowcon Pty ++ Tom Price Sub-catchment Area; Ltd which found that the existing WWTP has a capacity ++ Newman Sub-catchment Area; and to treat a population of approximately 9,500 people. ++ Remote East Pilbara Sub-catchment Area. Due to recent population fluctuations within Newman, the Shire has endorsed the expansion of the WWTP to The relevant sub-catchments for the Shire of East Pilbara 18,000 people. The expansion would involve upgrading are the Newman Sub-catchment Area, located in the the wastewater treatment system in parallel so that the southwest of the Shire of East Pilbara and including existing WWTP could operate whilst the new plant is Newman and Nullagine; and the Remote East Pilbara constructed. sub-catchment area that includes camp locations for employee camps associated with several significant hard In addition, Water Corporation has recently reviewed and rock mining operations. Across the Newman and Remote updated its wastewater network planning for the town to East Pilbara sub-catchments, a total of 117,302 tonnes of take account of proposed new growth areas (including waste was generated (17.5% of total study area). Landcorp developments to the east and north-east of the town). These new subdivisions will require the A summary of the treatment of waste generated within construction of a new waste water pumping station and the Newman sub-catchment is summarised in Figure 56. gravity sewers. Other known smaller development areas (e.g. Lot 1640 on the western edge of the town (as per Amendment No.20 of the Shire of East Pilbara Planning Scheme) can be provided with wastewater services by the developer undertaking extensions from the existing sewer reticulation.

The conceptual wastewater planning for Newman is shown in Figure 5. This planning may need to be further reviewed if new/additional townsite expansion sites are proposed by the Shire.

136 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM Table 15: Key Waste Management Facilities within the Newman Sub- catchment Areame

NAME OPERATOR Nullagine Refuse Site Shire of East Pilbara Windell Refuse Site Shire of East Pilbara Nimingarra Iron Ore Mine BHP Billiton Mt Whaleback/ Orebody 29 BHP Billiton Mining Area C BHP Billiton Yandi Iron Ore Mine BHP Billiton Orebody 18 Iron Ore Mine BHP Billiton Wheelarra Hill (Jimblebar) BHP Billiton Iron Ore Mine Figure 61: Treatment of Waste Orebody 23/25 Iron Ore BHP Billiton Mine Yarrie Project BHP Billiton The Waste Data Study for the Pilbara Region and Shire Yandicoogina Operation Rio Tinto of Broome (Waste Authority, 2013) outlines the key waste management infrastructure located within the Mt Whaleback Mine Site Nationwide Oil Newman Sub-catchment Area. Waste facilities in the Roy Hill Infrastructure Hancock Mining JV Construction - Camp 2 sub-catchment are outlined in Table 13 and illustrated on Figure 56 . Roy Hill Infrastructure Hancock Mining JV Construction - Camp 4 Christmas Creek Iron Ore Fortescue Metals Group Mine Cloudbreak Iron Ore Mine Fortescue Metals Group Hope Downs Iron Ore Mine Rio Tinto Bamboo Creek Goldmine Kitchener Mining

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Figure 62: Newman Sub-Catchment Area Source: Waste Data Study for the Pilbara Region and Shire of Broome (Waste Authority, 2013) Within the Remote East Pilbara sub-catchment, a summary of the treatment of waste generated within the Remote East Pilbara sub-catchment is summarised on Figure 57.

Figure 63: Treatment of Waste Generated in the Remote East Pilbara Sub- Catchment

The key waste management infrastructure located within the Remote East Pilbara Sub-catchment is outlined in Table 14 and illustrated on Figure 58 (Waste Authority, 2013).

Table 16: Key Waste Management Facilities within the Remote East Pilbara Sub-catchment Area

NAME OPERATOR Woodie Woodie Manganese Pilbara Manganese Project Nifty Copper Operation Aditya Birla Group

Anticipated growth in the region will result in waste generation reaching between 112,653 tonnes (low growth scenario) and 108,339 tonnes (high growth scenario) by 2020.

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Figure 64: Newman Sub-Catchment Area Source: Waste Data Study for the Pilbara Region and Shire of Broome (Waste Authority, 2013) 14 OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTS

The analysis contained within this report has clarified 14.1. STRATEGIC CHALLENGES a number of strategic challenges for the Shire of East These challenges are highly interrelated and need to Pilbara. These challenges highlight the areas for strategic be reflected as the underpinning elements for strategic consideration and focus for the future growth and planning, to achieve sustainable outcomes and progress. development of the Shire, through the Local Planning Whist also a significant opportunity as an economic driver Strategy. and growth stimulator, mining and resources activity is These overarching challenges frame the specific the fundamental factor underpinning these strategic opportunities and constraints that have been identified challenges. This has been illustrated in 9 and detailed and should be considered as the main focal points for below. the Strategy.

Figure 65: Opportunity and Constraints matrix

141 Shire of East Pilbara 142 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2. OPPORTUNITIES AND 14.2.1. POPULATION AND HOUSING CONSTRAINTS Analysis of the demographic profile, future growth projections and housing environments have identified The following section outlines the opportunities and the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 15. constraints for the Shire that have been drawn out from the comprehensive literature review, analysis and consultation activities.

A comprehensive opportunities and constraints map is included on Figure 60 and 61, provided at the end of this Section.

Table 17: Population and Housing Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Housing availability and There is a lack of information availabile to wholly understand affordability the issues associated with housing availability and housing affordability, particularly in a highly changeable environment. Further research is required to identify the opportunities, constraints and requirments for the Shire; and any mechanisms to manage housing affordability issues. This may be in the form of a Housing Needs Assessment and Housing Strategy with appropriate in depth of research into the future provision of residential land to meet the revised projected population growth. NEWMAN Population growth Newman has experienced significant growth and change over the last decade. Recent population forecasting has identified that growth has slowed, reflecting economic conditions. Transient population The population in Newman is transient. Attraction to Newman and retention of people within Newman requires consideration. Demographic gender Newman has a male to female ratio of 3:1. This is a significantly composition higher ratio of men to women than the State and has implications for community infrastructure and service planning Aboriginal and Torres Strait Newman has a concentration of residents from Aboriginal and Islander composition Torres Strait Islander backgrounds. This has implications for community infrastructure and service planning. Normalisation of Newman Much of the housing stock within Newman is still owned by mining companies (predominantly BHPB). Whilst normalisation of the housing is gradually occurring, the ownership arrangement impacts housing capacity analysis and housing affordability.

143 Shire of East Pilbara ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Housing affordability Housing within Newman is considered unaffordable. There is a low level of home ownership and whilst rental figures are similar to other Pilbara towns, they are significantly higher than the Western Australian average. This has impacts for attraction and retention of people to Newman, community-building, community and economic diversity, income and livability polarisation and the ability to offer choice – across employment, services, retailing. Housing supply There is sufficient Crown land available to meet current and future demand, with identified sites. Housing supply needs to be commensurate with housing need. This includes ensuring that the delivery and mix of housing is reflective of the composition of the community. Disconnection between current supply and need will impact negatively on affordability and ultimately constrain the attraction and retention of people within Newman. Government Housing Many Government agencies incentivise regional positions incentives by providing housing as part of salary packaging. This has implications for housing affordability.

MARBLE BAR Contracting population Population projections have identified that Marble Bar is likely to experience a contracting population. NULLAGINE Stagnant population Population projections have identified that Nullagine is unlikely to experience any growth in population.

144 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.2. ECONOMY AND EMPLOYMENT Analysis of the demographic profile, future growth projections and housing environments have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 16.

Table 18: Economy and Employment Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Agriculture There are many opportunities for the increased investment into bolstering the Shies agricultural production. Agricultural land is at a premium and future impacts on food availability and food security will secure the agricultural regions importance into the future. The ability for the Shire to produce food and agricultural products to support the region as well as transport nationally and internationally is significant. Water and labour is a critical component of generating a strong agricultural industry. There is a significant opportunity to capitalise on the discharged water from mining activity to support agriculture. Agricultural land should be preserved in specific locations than enable efficient transfer and use of this reusable resource. Aboriginal prospects Aboriginal Corporations in the Shire are currently developing opportunities for enterprise. This assists in increasing local employment, investment and Aboriginal engagement in the local job market. Small enterprise – reuse and There is opportunity to capitalise on mining activity through supporting recycle enterprise that seeks to recycle and reusing waste or byproduct from resource operations. A determination of industry bi-product needs to be undertaken to determine the opportunities for waste reuse and recycling. New enterprise related to Opportunities to capitalise on ancillary activities through local supply of resource sector goods and services through parts / stock to support and service mines being held locally and supplied in a more timely manner. Provides addition to local employment and assist in generating local economic diversity. This also reduces the cumulative environmental impact from the transport of goods and services, particularly between mines and their camps and Perth. Continuing technological change Continuing technological change – including micronisation, automation, telecommunications capacity and new communication mediums – will unlock opportunities across the Shire. Technology which increases the speed, reliability and capacity of communications will help overcome the tyrannies of distance and isolation that currently impact on the viability of accessing and facilitating learning and commerce opportunities. Demand for automation The increased demand for automation technologies and services, however, technologies and services raises concerns regarding future job generation. The growth of more affordable industrial robotics means automation will be increasingly cost competitive with human labour. Striking a balance between the adoption and incorporation of advanced robotics and maintaining and accelerating job generation is critical to the future sustainability of the Shire economy.

145 Shire of East Pilbara ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Development of aquaculture, Onshore marine aquaculture also has significant potential, with a number of algae bio fuels and co-products coastal area suitable for pond aquaculture. In addition, the vast quantities of fresh water associated with mining activities from dewatering and mine pit lakes, in addition to artesian sources also presents future opportunities for inland aquaculture. The lack of suitable locations in other parts of the world means long-term demand for pristine environments off the WA central and North West coasts may see focus invariably shift to the Pilbara. Energy Exports The establishment and expansion of industrial algae-based biofuel production may provide a potential niche export market. This would require not only the establishment of extensive transport and export infrastructure but also increased acceptable of non-fossil liquid fuels in the global energy mix. NEWMAN Economic Risk - Lack of High reliance on mining results in a higher risk profile for the Shire with regard diversification to economic security. If there are shifts in resourcing activity, this will have impacts on the town. Increased diversity safeguards the town from being as highly susceptible to shifts and changes in the mining and resources economy. Construction and trade workforce High reliance on mining utilises the construction and trade workforce from Newman and offers greater financial remuneration. As a result, availability of a construction an trade workforce for development in Newman is impacted by worker availability and/or cost. Logistics hub Capitalise on the strategic location on key transport freight corridors through collocation of transport and logistics enterprise in Newman (including road freight and air freight) as a central hub that services the sub-region and mining and resource activities. Locate specific services in Opportunity to identify and locate key support services that are needed for Newman mining and resource operations within Newman e.g. laundry facilities. MARBLE BAR Economic Risk - Lack of key Marble Bar lacks key economic generators required to sustain the town and economic driver stimulate growth. Tourism Marble Bar as a tourist base provides opportunitiy to add another economic generator for the town. NULLAGINE Economic Risk - Lack of key Nullagine lacks key economic generators required to sustain the town and economic driver stimulate growth. Tourism Marble Bar as a tourist base provides opportunitiy to add another economic generator for the town.

146 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.3. RETAIL AND COMMERCIAL Analysis of the retail and commercial environment have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 17.

Table 19: Retail and Commercial Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Retail and commercial requirements There is a lack of information availabile to wholly understand the issues associated with retail and commercial needs and requirments for the Shire. The retailing and commercial environment is complex, particularly in a highly changeable environment. Further research is required to identify the opportunities, constraints and requirments for the Shire; and any mechanisms to improve the retail and commercial environment. This may be in the form of a Retail and Commercial Needs Assessment and Strategy with appropriate in depth of research into the future provision of commercial land to meet the revised projected population growth, diversity of economy and community requirement. NEWMAN Retail and commercial mix and Retailing and commercial mix and diversity is stifled by diversity affordability, proximity and connectivity for transport of goods and services, land allocation and a lack of retailing focus to support a vibrant retailing market. Retail product variety Opportunity to encourage / incentivise local retailing and commercial to expand product / services base where a market demand is identified. Expansion fo retailing catchments Opportunity is incentivise mobile service for retailing / services from Newman or surrounding major retailing and commercial hubs. Small to medium sized enterprises Affordability impacts the capacity for SME and small start-up enterprises or commercial activities. Affordability Retailing is impacted by the cost of goods and services due to transport time and costs. Change in retailing environment Online shopping is having an impact on local retail and trade, as goods and services may be purchased online and often at a cheaper rate. Fragmentation of activity Fragmentation of commercial and retail areas also mean that a strong core or central heart is missing from Newman.

Retail and commercial activity within Nullagine and Marble Bar has not been raised as an issue with regards to existing and future projected populations.

147 Shire of East Pilbara 14.2.4. TOURISM AND VISITORS Analysis of the tourism and visitor context have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 18.

Table 20: Tourism and Visitor Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Access Many tourism sites are difficult to access due to challenging terrain. This is also an opportunity to market for more adventure travel tourism. Infrastructure Infrastructure, particularly transport and communications, does not support growth in the tourism market. Tourism drivers need to be supported with adequate infrastructure to encourage development in the market. Competition Tourism branding is not strong. Tourism in the Shire needs to communicate the tourism differentiators in comparison to other locations. NEWMAN Facilities Many of the tourism accommodation facilities are at capacity due to mining related use (long term stays by non-tourists). This impacts the accessibility, affordability and attractiveness of Newman as a tourism destination. Location and proximity to tourism There are many natural features within close proximity to features Newman that are considered opportunistic for tourism. MARBLE BAR Location and proximity to tourism Marble Bar offers many natural and historical features within features close proximity to that are considered opportunistic for tourism. The town also offers good tourism accommodation and facilities. NULLAGINE Location and proximity to tourism Nullagine offers many natural and historical features within features close proximity to that are considered opportunistic for tourism. Existing facilities exist but need to be strengthened to support increased tourism draw. Destination However, Nullagine is currently not a well known tourism destination. It offers a historical setting and caravan park facilities, but little other infrastructure.

148 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.5. RECREATION AND OPEN SPACE Analysis of recreation and open space areas, including their location and accessibility, have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 19.

Table 21: Recreation and Open Space Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Preservation of National Parks There is a need to preserve national parks and key open space areas. These uses are significant for tourists and the community, providing identify and character to the region. Quality The quality and practicality of open space and recreational areas is important rather than the volume of area assigned for recreational and open space purpose. Accessibility Accessbiility to major recreational areas such as national parks is required to strengthen tourism and create increased recreation opportunities for residents. Im- proved infrastructure including way-find- ing, accessible roads and basic facilities at key locations is required.

149 Shire of East Pilbara 14.2.6. ENVIRONMENT Analysis of environmental issues and opportunities have been outlined in Table 20.

Table 22: Envirnomental Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / DISCUSSION OPPORTUNITY Preservation of There is a need to preserve national parks and key open National Parks space areas. These uses are significant for tourists and the community, providing identify and character to the region. Water Water is a critical resource for the ongoing productivity of the region. Access to water and water availability should be a consideration for all development within the Shire to ensure that groundwater and surface water systems are not depleted and are preserved and conserved where possible.

- Surface water sources are becoming increasingly unreliable due to changes in rainfall patterns.

- The majority of water is sourced from groundwater sources. Groundwa- ter source protection from depletion is a major issue.

- Mining activity is a significant user of water. Recycling and reuse strategies need to be considered to maximise water access and ongoing availability for the Shire.

- There is a significant opportunity to capitalise on the discharged water from mining activity to support agriculture. Flora and Fauna There are a number of significant fauna and flora species located within the Shire. Impacts to threatened and endangered species from mining and development may have a negative impact on the Shrie’s biodiversity and the ongoing sustainability of these species Mining impact Blanacing mining activity to ensure that the environmental and community values of the Shire are preserved and enhanced. Geomorphology The Shire contains a unique geomorphological environment. This provides significant value for indigenous communities and also presents an opportunity for tourism. Balancing the impacts of mining on the land and environment to minimise degredation of the unique landform is required.

150 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.7. COMMUNITY FACILITIES Analysis of the community facilities provided across the Shire have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 21.

Table 23: Community Facilities Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Demonstrate need – Opportunity to attract and retain people to the Shire through adequate attract and retain connectivity and availability of required services and facilities. Ageing in the Pilbara The resident population profile of the Pilbara is underrepresented in terms of residents aged 65 and over. This reflects the challenges of ageing in the Pilbara, particularly post retirement – namely, cost of living, accommodation options, health care access and relative isolation from family and friends. This loss of population has a significant impact on the economic and social character of the Pilbara, reducing the size and skill profile of the labour force due to lower shares of older, more experienced workers, while undermining the ability of the region to retain a resident population. Senior residents also provide important volunteer services within communities. Innovative service There is opportunity relating to innovative service delivery options. Which delivery can range from teleconferencing-based consultations with specialist and mental health experts, to virtual procedures and in-home outreach post- acute care should be explored for the Shire; and Support for increased allied and primary health service provision in the Pilbara can also be facilitated through the increased availability of shared consulting facilities. Afocus on health outcomes for older residents, Aboriginal communities, workers and primary health should be prioritised. NEWMAN Schooling and Whilst Newman has multiple schools, these schools lack a competitive education advantage over those located in other areas. Raising the educational quality and broadening the opportunities available to students would provide an incentive for families to stay in Newman. Tertiary education and Newman lacks diversity and access to tertiary education and training. As training a result, people seeking tertiary education opportunities leave Newman for other locations offering better tertiary education and training options. Community Community infrastructure needs to be commensurate with the existing infrastructure and projected community need. Planning for community facilities and services needs to be preemptive for the Newman community to attract and retain people to the area. Community services Lack of services and facilities as well of difficulties of attracting a workforce to be employed in the service industry / community sector is critical for a sub-regional centre. Specifically, these include health, education and recreational services, aged services and aboriginal services. MARBLE BAR and NULLAGINE Accessibility to Increased accessibility and connectivity of the town to principal community services community services is important for the ongoing viability of the town and its community. Community services Attraction of a workforce to be employed in this sector in the town is critical. Specifically, these include health, education and recreational services, aged services and aboriginal services.

151 Shire of East Pilbara 14.2.8. RURAL LAND USE, SUBDIVISION AND DEVELOPMENT Analysis of the context surrounding rural land use, subdivision and future development have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 22.

Table 24: Rural Land Use, Subdivision and development Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Agriculture There are many opportunities bolstering agricultural production. The future of food availability and food security will become increasingly important for securing agricultural in the Shire. The ability to produce food and agricultural product to support the region as well as transport nationally and internationally is significant. Water and labour is a critical component of generating a strong agricultural industry. NEWMAN Industrial land and Industrial land supply needs to be integrated with infrastructure provision. development Infrastructure delivery needs to be commensurate with development and growth of industrial precincts and not prohibitive to establishment of industrial enterprise. Mining impinging on Manage to balance mining activity with other land uses, including impacts townsite from mining operations. Infrastructure Infrastructure is owned and managed by BHPB. This is an issue for management integrated planning of development and infrastructure including upgrades and transparency relating to infrastructure capacity and assurance around development capability. Timely release of land Development capability is restricted by slow land release processes. Logistics hub Capitalise on the strategic location on key transport freight corridors through collocation of transport and logistics enterprise in Newman (including road freight and air freight) as a central hub that services the sub-region and mining and resource activities.

152 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.9. HERITAGE, URBAN DESIGN AND CHARACTER Analysis of the heritage, urban design and character of the three townsites have identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 23.

Table 25: Heritage, Urban Design and Character Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION NEWMAN Urban form The urban structure and form is reflective of its historical use as a mining town. Incremental growth has meant that the settlement is expansive and relatively unwalkable which together with extreme heat in summer conditions limits vibrancy and street life / activity. Town Centre It is anticipated that the Newman town centre will develop into a more intergrated shopping and social area, accommodating a greater density and diversity of activities in a more efficient and attractive setting. Public amenities There is a strategic need to implement a program to deliver much needed public realm enhancements and amenities at a townsite and town centre level, including: Enhanced movement networks for pedestrians and cyclists; Improve poor pedestrian amenity, where lack of pedestrian infrastructure is compounded by large areas of hot unshaded asphalt. Responsive design reactive to the energy, water and environmental limitations; Enhancement of public amenities (emphasis on climate responsive design) and improvement of public safety; and New entry statement to the town centre, provision of a new main street and town square and landscaping which enhances sense of arrival. Commercial Existing uses are not complementary to each other. Development Buildings are disconnected from the street edge and surrounded by large expanses of car parking. Character and identity Existing development with the Newman Town Centre does not contribute to the local image or identity of Newman. The existing buildings do not enhance the streetscape appearance or facilitate the development of any local character. Buildings lack design quality and a sense of permanence. Few buildings in the town centre exhibit a Newman style or local identity. Large expanses of black facades with limited relationship with the public realm contribute to a dull, arduous and harsh town centre experience. Limited diversity and inappropriate residential provisions for a town centre environment. Housing design Most houses were designed without consideration of climate responsive strategies. Responsive climatic design standards and requirements are needed to facilitate more sustainable building design. MARBLE BAR Character and identity Marble Bar has strong historic and cultural identity. This is a strength of the town and a drawcard for tourism. Aboriginal and cultural There is strong aboriginal heritage within heritage the Shire and there are several aboriginal and cultural heritage sites. This heritage and culture provides opportunity to generate increased community identity and character and tourism interest.

153 Shire of East Pilbara ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Public amenity Poor pedestrian amenity and the lack of pedestrian infrastructure is compounded by large areas of hot unshaded asphalt. Disused commercial and There are a number of existing areas which community facilities are not as well utilised as they could be, a number of community facilities in Marble Bar are currently closed or unused. The demise of these community facilities pose negative impacts on the broader aesthetic and character of the town. The following areas have been highlighted as key concerns: Old general store building and adjacent Pipunya facility have been closed, boarded up and left in a poor condition (ProspectUs Future directions for Marble Bar, Creating Communities 2010). The telecentre communication and training facility for residents and visitors is inadequate in size. The old school hostel and employment training workshop, another Pipunya facility, stands unused. There is a disengagement of youth from organised sports and recreation this subsequently leads to the disuse of related amenities. Although the Shire is seeking to increase its capacity to staff and fund the planned activation of recreation facilities, they currently pose negative impacts and safety concerns to the area. NULLAGINE Character and identity Nullagine has strong historic and cultural history, this should be identified and enhanced within its urban form. Public Amenities To be enhanced and provide climate appropriate design solutions for the urban realm.

154 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM 14.2.10. TRANSPORT Analysis of transport within the Shire has identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 24.

Table 26: Transport Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION General Transport is heavily dominated by vehicle transport, including heavy vehicles. Demand management Opportunities to implement demand management programs that seek to change usage behaviours and deliver greater efficiency benefits for existing infrastructure. This is relevant to active transport up-take, car parking and driver behaviour. Roads and traffic Safety - Road Sealing is considered unsafe and inefficient. Unsealed (including freight) roads may have higher ongoing maintainence costs.

Increased demand - Increased demand on major transport routes will impact safety, efficiency and reliability of the regional road network. increased traffic generation on Marble Bar Road. Resealing of key corridors is important for safety, connectivity and economic growth. Increases in conflict between regional resource / freight traffic and local traffic associated with townsites, particularly at peak periods.

Reliability and connectivity - Flooding of the road network effects reliability and connectivity, this is particularly important for ensuring connectivity to and between townsites and Aboriginal settlements.

Funding - Lack of funding for road maintenance and improvements

Connectvity – Productivity of the shire is reliant on connectivity and access between Pilbara towns and access to remote Aboriginal settlements. Rail Privatisation - Rail transport within the Shire is predominantly privatised for mining operations. As a result, achieving access for other users is constrained.

Capacity - due to privatisation of railways, shifts in mining activity and economic prospects; as well as a lack of transperant information, the long term rail capacity needs are unclear.

Safety - At grade crossings pose safety risk.

Barriers - Rail corridors create barriers and have potential for land-use separation and land alienation. Air transport Newman Airport is at capacity. This restricts transport of goods, services and people into and out of Newman. Active transport There is not currently a high use of active transport modes (e.g. walking, cycling, running). This is in part is linked to the long distances involved between home and workplace for many as well as the climatic harshness in the summer months. The existing network does not encourage active transport alternatives through designated routes and end of trip facilities, however the topography of the network provides opportunity for active travel alternatives if the distance and climate factors can be overcome. Public transport Public transport is currently minimal across the Shire. Funding of existing public transport is inadequate to meet actual costs and therefore additional subsidy is required from the Shire. Logistics hub Capitalise on the strategic location on key transport freight corridors through collocation of transport and logistics enterprise in Newman (including road freight and air freight) as a central hub that services the sub-region and mining and resource activities.

155 Shire of East Pilbara 14.2.1. INFRASTRUCTURE Analysis of transport within the Shire has identified the opportunities and constraints detailed in Table 25.

Table 27: Infrastructure Opportunities and Constraints

ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Aging infrastructure Services infrastructure across the Shire is aging and the functional life expectancy of assets is unknown. Sustainable infrastructure Opportunities to deliver sustainable alternatives to servicing infrastructure to provide greater efficiency, miniminse whole of life infrastructure costs and provide positive environmental, social and economic outcomes. For example (but not limited to): Stormwater harvesting and grey water reuse. Precinct-based infrastructure such as cogeneration for major redevelopment areas and industrial developments. Demand management Opportunities exist to implement demand management programs that seek to change usage behaviours and deliver greater efficiency benefits for existing infrastructure. This is specifically relevant for water use, power use and waste. Gas No residential gas supply. Telecomms Limited connectivity along long distances of main highways between towns. No mobile coverage for other telecommunications providers other than Telstra outside of Newman. No 4G connectivity Waste Opportunities exist for recycling and reuse of waste generated.

NEWMAN Water Ownership - BHPB owns and operates the bores, treatment and other bulk water transfer for Newman. Opportunity to relinquish water treatment to Water Corporation, pending ability to manage licencing and asset separation. Adequate capacity for growth - New water treatment facilitiy (2016) will have capacity to support a population of 15,000 people. Additional connections for significant development will require upgrades and capital expenditure for water distribution and reticulation system. Power Ownership - BHPB is the supply authority for Newman and adjacent mines. New Yammina gas fired power station will provide additional power capacity Transmission, distribution and generation network is close to capacity. Significant new development will require upgrades to the network. Opportunity to findadditional supply in the network through incremental replacement of aging infrastructure. Telecommunications Newman is well connected with ADSL2+, 3G and NBN (in some locations). There are fluctuations in accessibility due to peak demand. Peak demand periods are linked to mining shift end periods.

156 HAMES SHARLEY 23 June 2016 2:57 PM ISSUE / OPPORTUNITY DISCUSSION Drainage Areas of Newman are prone to localised flooding within a 5 year rainfall event. Upstream catchment and culvert capacity issues impacts proposed development areas. Culvert capacity is inadequate under the Great Northern Highway Wastwater A new Wastewater treatment plant will increase the capacity of infrastructure to a population of 18,000 people. New subdivisions require investment into wastewater pumping stations and gravity sewers. Investment into wastewater infrastructure will be required to support ongoing growth of the Shire and address aging infrastructure constraints. MARBLE BAR Water Additional capacity on the water licence. Lack of reliable data on water infrastructure capacity and condition. Telecommunications No NBN connectivity. Service is only provided by Telstra. Wastwater Wastewater is managed through private septic facilities and leach drains. NULLAGINE Water Water usage is close to available water supply. New development would require investigations into upgrades. Lack of reliable data on water infrastructure capacity and condition. Telecommunications No NBN connectivity. Service is only provided by Telstra. Drainage Draininage is a significant issue, with flooding impacting access to the town and isolating properties. Wastwater Wastewater is managed through private septic facilities and leach drains.

157 Shire of East Pilbara 158 HAMES SHARLEY

23ne Ju 2016 2:57 PM

Figure 66: Opportunities and Constraints (Map S hire of E ast P ilbara

Figure 67: Opportunities and Constraints (Map 2) 159 www.hamessharley.com.au 23 June 2016 2:57 PM