Appendix I: Tongue Pictures

Fig. A.I.1 Normal tongue: light red tongue with thin, white coating

359 360 Appendix I: Tongue Pictures

Fig. A.I.2 Pale tongue with indentations and thin, white greasy coating

Fig. A.I.3 Pale tongue with white slippery coating Appendix I: Tongue Pictures 361

Fig. A.I.4 Light red tender tongue with thin, white greasy coating

Fig. A.I.5 Red and dull tongue with white greasy coating 362 Appendix I: Tongue Pictures

Fig. A.I.6 Light red tongue with thin, white greasy coating

Fig. A.I.7 Red and dull tongue with white greasy coating Appendix I: Tongue Pictures 363

Fig. A.I.8 Light red tongue with yellow greasy coating at the root

Fig. A.I.9 Light red tongue with white greasy coating at the root 364 Appendix I: Tongue Pictures

Fig. A.I.10 Light red tongue with indentations and a little white coating

Fig. A.I.11 Light purple tongue with thin white greasy coating Appendix I: Tongue Pictures 365

Fig. A.I.12 Light purple tongue with exfoliation of white, greasy coating

Fig. A.I.13 Dull purple fissured tongue 366 Appendix I: Tongue Pictures

Fig. A.I.14 Light red, glossy tongue (mirror-like)

Fig. A.I.15 Pale, swollen tongue with thick white greasy coating Index

A relationship between blood and body fluids, A Compendium on Febrile Diseases, 7 121 Anticonvulsant therapy (wind suppression), see relationship between and body fluids, Therapeutics, common therapeutic 120 methods Brain, 74, 87 Astringency (consolidation), see Therapeutics, common therapeutic methods Auscultation, see Diagnosis, methods C Catharsis (purgation), see Therapeutics, common therapeutic methods Chao Yuanfang, 6, 8 B Chen Wuze, 131 , 35 Chen Ziming, 6, 8 Blood, 52, 54, 63, 64, 113, 119–121, 144, 155, Chinese herbs, 5, 8 159, 180, 182–185, 187, 188, 288, Classic of A’s and B’s of Acupuncture and 290–293, 295, 301, 303, 317, 330, Moxibustion, 6, 8 345 Classic on Medical Problems, 4, 5, 123, basic concept of, 113 127 circulation, 58, 92, 97, 115 Classification by analogy, 40 formation of, 91, 113 Climatic pathogenic evils, 132–142 physiological actions, 115 Cold, 135, 160, 281–283, 291, 298, 301, 305, regulation, see Therapeutics, common 309 therapeutic methods as pathogenic evil, relationship between blood and body fluids, climatic pathogenic evil, 135 121 endogenous pathogenic evil, 160 relationship between Qi and blood, 119 in blood, 291 syndrome, 282 stasis, 154–155, 183–184, 188, 292 Combination of therapeutic methods, syndrome, 290 337 stimultaneous Qi and blood syndrome, Compendium of Materia Medica, 7, 8, 87 292 Complete Effective Prescriptions for Women, diagnosis and blood, 184 6, 8 Body fluids, 116–122 Complete Works of Jingyue, 7, 8 abnormal metabolism of, 185 Concept of illness in CM, 35 basic concept of, 116 Contrary treatment, 325 distribution of, 117 Cooling (heat-clearing), see Therapeutics, excretion of, 117 common therapeutic methods formation of, 117 Correspondence between human body and physiological actions, 119 nature, 44

367 368 Index

D in view of life in CM, 33 Dampness, 102, 137, 161, 299, 305, 310 kidney, 115, 307 as pathogenic evil, Essentials from the Golden Cabinet, 5 climatic pathogenic evil, 137 Etiology in Chinese medicine, 131–163 endogenous pathogenic evil, 161 Evil Qi, see Qi Defensive Qi, see Qi Excretions and secretions, 223–226 Deficiency, 159, 162, 166, 172, 176–178, 180, 184, 185, 188, 284, 287, 288, 292–295, 297, 298, 300, 303–308, F 310 Fire, 139 Diagnosis, 30, 206, 256 as pathological evil, 139 approach to, 193, 319 climatic pathogenic evil, 139–142 differential diagnosis, 194–196, 279–319, endogenous pathogenic evil, 162–163 321 Five Elements, 21, 330 four methods of diagnosis, 193–194 application in CM, 27–31 symptom analysis, 194–195, 196, see also basic contents of, 2 Symptom analysis theory, 21–31 diagnostic methods, 199–276 Five flavors, 22, 23, 33, 148, 357 auscultation, 226–229 Four diagnostic methods, 8, 20, 42, 199, 321 inquiring, 253–276 Four phases, 315–317 inspection, 199–226 blood phase, 317 olfaction, 226–229 defensive phase, 316 palpation, 249–253 nutritive phase, 316 Diaphoresis (exterior-release), see Ther- Qi phase, 316 apeutics, common therapeutic Fu, 78, 89, 103, 144, 145, 170, 171, 313 methods relationships, Diet, 147 among fu, 103–105 clinical significance of, 215–216 between zang and fu, 99–103 impairment due to improper, 147–148 transmission of illness among zang-fu regulation, 356–357 viscera, see Illness, transmission Dissipation (reduction, elimination), see Functional imbalance, 35 Therapeutics, common therapeutic methods G Dryness, 102, 139 Gallbladder, 78–79 as pathological evil, 139 gallbladder illnesses, 309 climatic pathogenic evil, 132 relationship between gallbladder and zang endogenous pathogenic evil, 133, 161 viscera, liver, 102, General Treatise on the Causes and Symptoms, 6, 8 E Genuine Qi, see Qi Early treatment to prevent progression of Golden Mirror of Medical Works, 7 illness, see Therapeutics, principles Gong Tingxian, 7 Eight fundamentals, 279–288 cold–heat, 281–284 deficiency–strength, 284–286 H exterior–interior, 280–281 Han dynasty, 3–5, 9, 131, 312 Yin–Yang syndromes, 286–288 Health preservation, 44, 351–357 Eight principle methods, 337 Heart, 52 Emesis, see Therapeutics, common therapeutic heart illnesses, 294 methods blazing of heart-fire, 296 Endogenous pathogenic evils, 158–163 blockage of heart meridians, 296 Essence, 33, 69 deficiency of heart-Qi, 294 food, 113 deficiency of heart-Yang, 294 health preservation, 355 deficiency of heart-Yin, 295 Index 369

insufficiency of heart-blood, 295 K phlegm clogging heart orifices, 296 Key to Therapeutics of Children’s Diseases, phlegm-fire disturbing heart, 297 6, 8 influence of heart and kidney on Qi Kidney, 69 transformation, 126 influence of heart and kidney on Qi physiological functions of, 52 transformation, 126 relationship between heart and fu viscera, kidney illnesses, 306 small intestine, 100 deficiency of kidney-essence, 307 relationship between heart and zang deficiency of kidney-Yang, 306 viscera, deficiency of kidney-Yin, 306 kidney, 93 failure of kidney to accept Qi, 308 liver, 91 failure of kidney-Qi to solidify, 307 lung, 90 kidney’s primordial Yang as source of spleen, 90 motive force, 123 relationship of heart to other organs and kidney-essence, see Essence tissues, 54 physiological functions of, 69 Holism in, relationship between kidney and fu viscera, holistic systemic method, 40 urinary bladder, 103 human body as organic whole, 37 relationship between kidney and zang inferring the interior from the exterior, 41 viscera, inquiry methodology in, 39 heart, 93 , 127 liver, 98 Huangdi Internal Classic, 4, 5, 33, 34, 49, lung, 96 see also Internal Classic spleen, 99 , 6, 8 relationship of kidney to other organs and tissues, 74

I L Illness, 35 Large intestine, 83 concept, 35 large intestine illnesses, 310 etiology, 131–163 chronic diarrhea in large intestine external cause, 132 insufficiency, 311 internal cause, 144 dampness-heat in large intestine, 310 other cause, 150 fluid deficiency in large intestine, 130 pathology, 165–168 relationship between large intestine and pathologensis, 165 zang viscera, lung, 101 progression, 173, 321 Li Gao, 6 transmission, 169–172 Liu Wansu, 6 among zang-fu viscera, 170 Liver, 64 exterior-interior, 170 influence of lung and liver on Qi up-down, 170 transformation, 126 Inquiring, 253–276, see Diagnosis, methods liver illnesses, 302 Inspection, 199–226, see Diagnosis, methods abnormal rise of liver-Yang, 304 Infant’s finger venules, 302 cold congealing liver meridians, 304 Internal Classic, 4, 5, 6, 10, 38, 39, 47, 50, 77, dampness-heat in liver meridians, 305 88, 122, 131, 148, 165, 317, 321, deficiency of liver-Yin, 303 see also Huangdi Internal Classic insufficiency of lver-blood, 303 Irregular organs, 78, 87 liver-wind stirring in interior, 304 stagnation of liver-Qi, 302 upward flaming of liver-fire, 303 J physiological functions of, 64 Jin dynasty, 4–6, 8, 117 relationship between liver and fu viscera, Jueyin, see Six meridians gallbladder, 102 370 Index

relationship between liver and zang viscera, Pathology, see Illness heart, 91 Pericardium, 52–56 kidney, 98 Pestilential pathogenic evils, 142–143 lung, 95 Phlegm, 151, 187, spleen, 97 as pathological products that lead to relationship of liver to other organs and illnesses, 151–153 tissues, 68 Prescriptions of Universal Relief, 7 Longevity and Life Preservation, 7 Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold, 6, 8 Lower-jiao, see Sanjiao Preserving both body and vitality, 45 Lung, 56, 90 Pulse Classic, 5, 8 influence of lung and liver on Qi Pulse-taking, 229–248 transformation, 126 lung illnesses, 297 deficiency of lung-Qi, 297 Q deficiency of lung-Yin, 298 Qi, heat accumulation in lung, 299 classification of, 110 phlegm-dampness obstructing lung, 299 concept of, 9, 107 wind-cold binding lung, 298 defensive, 112 wind-heat invading lung, 299 distribution of, 110 physiological functions of, 56, 58 dynamics, 124 relationship between lung and fu viscera, evil, 36, 166, 172 large intestine, 101 features of, 10 relationship between lung and zang viscera, formation of, 107 heart, 90 genuine, 36, 110, 166, 172 kidney, 96 illness, 169 liver, 95 motive force for, 123 spleen, 94 movement, 109 relationship of other organs and tissues, 59 nutritive, 111 physiological actions of, 108 regulation, see Therapeutics, common M therapeutic methods Mediation (harmonization), see Therapeutics, relationship between Qi and blood, 119 common therapeutic methods relationship between Qi and body fluids, Medical Secrets of an Official, 6 120 Middle-jiao, see Sanjiao stimultaneous Qi and blood syndrome, 292 Ming dynasty, 6–8, 14, 45, 77, 123, 124, 281 thoracic, 111 transformation of, 10, 122–126 unity of, 9 N vital, 34 Newlonpaw Pharmacopoeia, 6 Qian Yi, 8 Newly Revised Materia Medica, 6, 8 Qin dynasty, 3, 5, 9 Nutritive Qi, see Qi Qing dynasty, 6–8, 77, 126, 315, 317

O Olfaction,see Diagnosis, methods R Orifice-opening (resuscitation), see Ther- Restoration (tonification), see Therapeutics, apeutics, common therapeutic common therapeutic methods methods Rheum, 153, 187

P S Palpation, see Diagnosis, methods Sanjiao, 84–86 Pathogenesis, see Illness, pathology lower-jiao, 84, 86–87, Pathogenic evil, 132–163 illness, 318 Index 371

middle-jiao, 84, 86–87, influence of spleen and stomach on Qi illness, 318 transformation, 125 upper-jiao, 84, 86 stomach illnesses, 308 illness, 317–318 cold in stomach, 309 diagnosis by Sanjiao, 317 deficiency of stomach-Yin, 308 transformation of Sanjiao-Qi, 127 food retention, 308 Sexual hygiene, 356 heat in stomach, 309 Shaoyang, see Six meridians relationship between stomach and zang Shaoyin, see Six meridians viscera, spleen, 101 Shennong’s Herbal Classic, 5 Stones, 157 Simultaneous syndromes, 292–293 Strength, 172, 284–286 Six meridians, 4, 169, 194, 195, 279, 294, 312 Struggle of genuine-Qi and evil-Qi, 36 Jueyin, 259, 312, 315 Su Jing, 6, 8 Shaoyang, 252, 258, 259, 312, 314, 340 Sui dynasty, 5, 6, 8 Shaoyin, 312, 314, 315, 327 Summer heat, 135 Taiyin, 223, 312, 314 , 6, 8 Taiyang, 259, 312–313, 322 Symptom analysis, 42–44, 165, 172, 194–196, Yangming, 111, 244, 258, 259, 312–314, 279, 293, 321 318, 322, 339 Chinese medicine methodology, 42–44 treating different illnesses with same Skin, 217–222 method, 43 skin color, 200–205 treating same illness with different abnormal skin color, 201 methods, 43 diagnostic significance of, 201 diagnostic approach, see Diagnosis, normal skin color, 201 Small intestine, 81–83 relationship between small intestine and T zang viscera, heart, 100 Taiyang, see Six meridians small intestine illnesses, 311 Taiyin, see Six meridians Song dynasty, 5, 6, 8, 131 Tang dynasty, 5–8 Spleen, 60 Tang Herbal, 6 influence of spleen and stomach on Qi The Four Great Schools of Jin-Yuan, 6 transformation, 125 Therapeutics, 20, 321–349 physiological function of, 60 principles, relationship between spleen and fu viscera, early treatment to prevent progression 101 of illness, 321 relationship between spleen and zang treatment attack the root of illness, viscera, 90 323–331 heart, 90 treatment in accordance with, 332–337 kidney, 99 common therapeutic methods, liver, 95, 97 attack and restoration, 349 lung, 94 anticonvulsant therapy (wind relationship of other organs and tissues, 63 suppression), 347 spleen illnesses, 299 astringency (consolidation), 346 cold-dampness encumbering spleen, blood regulation, 345 301 catharsis (purgation), 339 dampness-heat lodging in spleen, 301 cooling (heat-clearing), 340 deficiency of spleen-Qi, 300 cooling and warming, 348 deficiency of spleen-Yang, 300 diaphoresis (exterior-release), 337 sinking of middle-Qi, 300 diaphoresis and catharsis, 348 spleen not controlling blood, 301 dissipation (reduction, elimination), Standard treatment, 325 342 Standards of Diagnosis and Treatment, 7 dissipation and restoration, 349 Stomach, 80–81 emesis, 338 372 Index

mediation (harmonization), 340 Wind, 133 orifice-opening (resuscitation), 346 as pathological evil, Qi regulation, 344 climatic pathogenic evil, 133 restoration (tonification), 343 endogenous pathogenic evil, 158 warming, 108, 341 Wu Qian, 7 Thoracic Qi, see Qi Wu Tang, 7, 8 Tongue, 205–216 Wu Youke, 7 clinical significance, 215 contents of tongue diagnosis, 206 Transmission of illnesses, see Illness Y Treating appearance, 323 Treating different illnesses with same method, Yang, 11, 13–17, 123, 159, 160, 162, 174–179, see Symptom analysis, Chinese 217, 286, 287, 294, 300, 306, 329 medicine methodology deficiency, 176 Treating same illness with different methods, depletion, 179 see Symptom analysis, Chinese excess, 175, 176 medicine methodology kidney’s primordial Yang, 123 Treatise on Cold-Attack, 4, 312, 322 mutual injury, 177 Treatise on Cold-Attack and Miscellaneous Yangming, see Six meridians Diseases, 4, 5 Yang-Qi, 10, 11, 14, 15, 19, 28, 33, 38, 45, 52, Treatise on Dampness-heat Diseases, 7 72, 73, 77, 102, 108, 123, 124, 135, Treatise on Febrile Diseases, 7, 8 138–140, 148, 158, 160, 162, 166, Treatise on Pestilence, 7, 8 167, 169, 175–179, 185, 204, 205, Treatise on the Differentiation and Treatment 210–213, 235–238, 241, 249–251, of Febrile Diseases, 7, 8 257–259, 261, 262, 269, 282, Treatment attack the root of illness, see 284–288, 292, 296, 305, 311, 315, Therapeutics, principles of 327, 331, 333, 334, 336, 340–342, Treatment in accordance with, see Therapeu- 351, 352, 355, 356 tics, principles of Ye Gui, 7, 8 Yin, 11, 13–17, 75, 98, 160, 162, 174–179, 217, 286, 287, 295, 298, 303, 306, U 308, 329 Union of body and vitality, 34 deficiency, 159, 162, 176–178 Unity of human body and universe, 38 excess, 175 Unity of the human body and social mutal injury, 177 circumstances, 39 Yin-Qi, 10, 11, 14, 33, 45, 123, 124, 140, 175, Upper-jiao, see Sanjiao 287, 333, 351, 355, 356 Urinary bladder, 83–86 Yin-Yang, 13 relationship between urinary bladder and pathological change, 19 zang viscera, kidney, 103 syndrome, 286 urinary bladder illness, 311 theory, 11, 13, 17, 174, 329 Uterus, 88 Yuan dynasty, 6, 77, 205

V View of life in Chinese medicine, 33 Z Vital gate, 69–78 Zang, 28, 29, 45, 51, 89, 90, 99, 144, 145, 170 relationships, 89, 99 transmission of illness among zang-fu W viscera, see Illness, transmission Wang Kengtang, 7 Zhang Congzheng, 6 Wang Tao, 6 Zhang Jingyue, 7, 45, 77, 123, 281, 344 Warming, see Therapeutics, common , 4, 131, 312 therapeutic methods Zhu Zhenhe, 6, 7