DOCSLIB.ORG

An Interactive, Rapidly-Deployable Acoustic Monitoring Platform

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
An Interactive, Rapidly-Deployable Acoustic Monitoring Platform VoxNet: An Interactive, Rapidly-Deployable Acoustic Monitoring Platform Michael Allen Lewis Girod Daniel T. Blumstein Ryan Newton Deborah Estrin Cogent Computing ARC Samuel Madden CENS Coventry University MIT/CSAIL UCLA Abstract potentially target any of these applications, evaluated based on a specific bio-acoustic application. Distributed acoustic sensing underlies an increasingly The specific application we consider relates to the prob- important class of sensor network applications, from habi- lem of automated census of in-situ animal populations us- tat monitoring and bioacoustic census to security applica- ing bio-acoustic signals such as animal calls [6, 27, 9, 16]. tions and virtual fences. VoxNet is a complete hardware This application requires sophisticated localization, signal and software platform for distributed acoustic monitoring enhancement, and classification algorithms to process the applications that focuses on three key goals: (1) rapid de- acoustic time-series data, as well as statistical algorithms ployment in realistic environments; (2) a high level pro- to process the resulting animal call event traces. In some gramming language that abstracts the user from platform cases automated census may require combining acoustic and network details and compiles into a high performance detections with other sensor inputs such as imagers trig- distributed application; and (3) an interactive usage model gered based on timely results from the acoustic data pro- based on run-time installable programs, with the ability to cessing pipeline. While algorithms have been developed run the same high level program seamlessly over live or for census and population measurement for many specific stored data. The VoxNet hardware is self-contained and species [17, 6, 27, 9, 16], for some species and environ- weather-resistant, and supports a four-channel microphone ments this is quite challenging, and general solutions re- array with automated time synchronization, localization, main elusive. and network coordination. Using VoxNet, an investigator Because acoustic monitoring applications present many can visualize phenomena in real-time, develop and tune on- challenges that are not readily addressed by existing plat- line analysis, and record raw data for off-line analysis and forms [20, 19], previous work in acoustic applications has archival. This paper describes both the hardware and soft- typically required significant investment in platform devel- ware elements of the platform, as well as the architecture opment [28, 17, 5]. Several key challenges complicate the required to support distributed programs running over a development and deployment of acoustic applications: heterogeneous network. We characterize the performance • of the platform, using both microbenchmarks that evaluate Acoustic data is generated and processed at high rates, specific aspects of the platform and a real application run- placing a heavy computational burden on the sensor ning in the field. platform. Even with large memories and fast 32-bit processors, the processing pipeline must be highly op- timized to perform well. 1. Introduction • Developing on-line processing algorithms generally requires pilot studies to collect sample data. These pi- Acoustic sensing is a key component in a broad range lot studies are often similar to the eventual deployment of sensor network applications, including gunshot localiza- in terms of the logistical efforts and hardware function- tion [23], weapon classification [28], acoustic intrusion de- ality required. tection [5], biological acoustic studies [17, 30, 3], person tracking [25], speaker localization [8], and smart confer- • While some acoustic applications require on-line pro- ence rooms [29]. Existing work has described specific al- cessing, others require retrieval of complete traces, or gorithms, and in some cases custom hardware. This paper some balance between the two, perhaps dynamically is about a flexible hardware and software solution that can configurable at run-time. Both on-line processing and storage contribute to system load and impact platform 3. To define an interactive usage model based on run-time requirements. installable programs, with the ability to run the same high level program seamlessly over live or stored data. The design of our platform, called VoxNet, stems from considering these observations in the context of bio- 2. Related work acoustics applications, with a particular focus on animal Our related work is concerned with both platforms tracking and census problems, but with the potential to be for network tasking, and processing frameworks for high- applied in other domains thanks to a flexible, deployable frequency domains (acoustic, seismic). hardware platform and a high-performance distributable programming interface. 2.1. Platforms and architectures Software flexibility is required to support multiple con- Tenet [14] advocates a tiered networking approach to in- current applications, and in particular to allow reconfigu- network processing, where less capable platforms have ration and tuning of applications running in the field. For clearly defined roles and are tasked by more powerful plat- example, concurrently with continuously running an ani- forms. The reasoning behind this type of architecture is that mal call localization application, a researcher might want the complex aspects of a computation should stay on more to archive raw data or test out a new detection algorithm powerful platforms, because it is less costly and error prone without disturbing the running system. To achieve this we than push the computation to less capable platforms. implemented an interface for VoxNet that allows new pro- Tenet’s goals differ from ours. In the reference imple- grams to be installed in a running system without inter- mentation, Tenet nodes are Mica2/TelosB class devices, and rupting existing applications. Distributed VoxNet applica- micro servers are Stargate class processors. In contrast, our tions are written as a single logical program, abstracting the lowest-tier sensor nodes must be much more capable than programmer from the details of the network and particu- Mica or TelosB motes to deal with high-frequency data, and lar hardware platforms. These programs can operate over a we do not enforce a boundary between processing tiers. In combination of live and static data, residing in a distributed fact, one of our aims is to make this boundary more trans- system of sensors and backend servers. This model enables parent, so it can feasibly adapt to changes in application and users to tune and further develop applications during pilot environment. deployments, and enables the system to be used as an in- teractive measurement tool while it is deployed. This is im- VanGo [15] is a system which is designed to capture high portant for many short-term scientific deployments, because frequency phenomena using devices which are constrained it allows a scientist to immediately explore newly observed not only by processing capability, but also network commu- phenomena. Installing program updates at run time is also nication bandwidth. A focus of VanGo is therefore to sup- useful in other contexts such as security monitoring. port data reduction after suitable application-specific char- Usually, greater run-time programmability incurs a cost acterization. in performance. To address this, VoxNet builds on prior VanGo forms a program as a linear chain of filters, de- work designing the WaveScript [10] language and compiler, signed to reduce data from its original form into events of which we extended to support the sensor interfaces and net- interest. These filters can be enabled or disabled, and there work functionality of VoxNet. VoxNet is the first embed- are a library of different filters, such as FIR, event detection ded target for the WaveScript compiler, and developing the and classification. Again, our work focuses on a different VoxNet backend motivated many new features and opti- class of devices than VanGo, and the programming model mizations. Implementing our animal localization applica- provided is, accordingly, much more general. Whereas tion using the WaveScript programming language and op- VanGo is limited to a linear chain of filters, VoxNet allows timizing compiler results in a 30% reduction in processor an arbitrary dataflow graph and operators are not limited to load and 12% in memory usage, compared with the hand- filter semantics. coded C implementation used in a previous version of the application (see Section 5). Mate/ASVM [24] provides a framework for application Thus, the main contributions of this work are: specific virtual machines (ASVMs), to allow developers to created customized runtimes which are application depen- 1. To develop a platform capable of rapid deployment in dent. Network reprogramming is a key focus of virtual ma- realistic environments for bioacoustic applications; chines such as Mate. In our target domains, as well, phe- nomena are often not well-characterized, and application re- 2. To provide a high level programming interface that ab- quirements may vary over the lifetime of the network. How- stracts the user from platform and network details and ever, we choose native code compilation for our programs compiles into a high performance distributed applica- in order to achieve the level of performance required for in- tion; and tensive signal processing. Because VoxNet has a relatively fast wireless network, uploading new binaries on demand is tractable. The Acoustic
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Emerging Cyber Threats to the United States Hearing
    EMERGING CYBER THREATS TO THE UNITED STATES HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON CYBERSECURITY, INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION, AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED FOURTEENTH CONGRESS SECOND SESSION FEBRUARY 25, 2016 Serial No. 114–55 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/ U.S. GOVERNMENT PUBLISHING OFFICE 21–527 PDF WASHINGTON : 2016 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Publishing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas, Chairman LAMAR SMITH, Texas BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi PETER T. KING, New York LORETTA SANCHEZ, California MIKE ROGERS, Alabama SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan, Vice Chair JAMES R. LANGEVIN, Rhode Island JEFF DUNCAN, South Carolina BRIAN HIGGINS, New York TOM MARINO, Pennsylvania CEDRIC L. RICHMOND, Louisiana LOU BARLETTA, Pennsylvania WILLIAM R. KEATING, Massachusetts SCOTT PERRY, Pennsylvania DONALD M. PAYNE, JR., New Jersey CURT CLAWSON, Florida FILEMON VELA, Texas JOHN KATKO, New York BONNIE WATSON COLEMAN, New Jersey WILL HURD, Texas KATHLEEN M. RICE, New York EARL L. ‘‘BUDDY’’ CARTER, Georgia NORMA J. TORRES, California MARK WALKER, North Carolina BARRY LOUDERMILK, Georgia MARTHA MCSALLY, Arizona JOHN RATCLIFFE, Texas DANIEL M. DONOVAN, JR., New York BRENDAN P. SHIELDS, Staff Director JOAN V. O’HARA, General Counsel MICHAEL S. TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk I. LANIER AVANT, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON CYBERSECURITY, INFRASTRUCTURE PROTECTION, AND SECURITY TECHNOLOGIES JOHN RATCLIFFE, Texas, Chairman PETER T.
    [Show full text]
  • Machine-To-Machine Communication in Rural Conditions: Realizing Kasadakanet
    Machine-to-machine communication in rural conditions: Realizing KasadakaNet Fahad Ali VU Amsterdam [email protected] Supervised by Victor de Boer ABSTRACT the explored concepts is using Semantic Web technologies Contextual constraints play an important role in ICT for De- to facilitate knowledge sharing in rural areas (Gu´eret et al., velopment (ICT4D) projects. These ICT4D projects include 2011). those whose goal is to enable information and knowledge sharing in rural areas while keeping constraints such as lack One of the resulting products that came out of this research of electricity and technological infrastructure or (technical) is the Kasadaka2, a low-resource Raspberry Pi-based device illiteracy of end-users in mind. The Kasadaka project offers that provides an infrastructure on which voice-based appli- a solution for locals in rural areas in Sub-Saharan Africa to cations can be built and deployed locally. These applica- share knowledge. Due to a lack of technological infrastruc- tions for the Kasadaka are usually custom-built for specific ture, networks and internet connections are often not avail- needs and use cases. New applications can also be created able. Therefore, many ICT implementations in those areas fairly easily, making the platform ideal for rapid prototyping are not able to share data among each other. This paper (Baart, 2016). Essentially, these Kasadaka's are deployed on explores the possibilities of a machine to machine communi- a one-per-village basis, giving each village access to its own cation method to enable information sharing between geo- little piece of technology that facilitates local information graphically distributed devices.
    [Show full text]
  • Networks & Communications
    PowerPoint Presentation to Accompany Chapter 9 Networks & Communications Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc. Publishing as Pren=ce Hall Objectives 1. Discuss the importance of computer networks. 2. Compare different types of LANs and WANs. 3. List and describe the hardware used in both wired and wireless networks. 4. List and describe the software and protocols used in both wired and wireless networks. 5. Explain how to protect a network. Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc. Publishing as Pren=ce Hall Objective 1: Overview From Sneakernet to Hotspots 1. Define computer network and network resources 2. Discuss the importance of computer networks 3. Differentiate between peer-to-peer networks and client-server networks Key Terms § Client § Peer-to-peer network § Client-server network § Server § Computer network § Workgroup § Homegroup § Network resource Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc. Publishing as Pren=ce Hall Computer Networks § Computer network § Network resources § Two or more § Software computers § Hardware § Share resources § Files § Save time § Save money § Increase productivity § Homegroup § Simple networking feature § Used to network a group of Windows computers Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc. Publishing as Pren=ce Hall Computer Network Types § Peer-to-peer (P2P) § Each computer is equal § Client-server network § At least one central server Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc. Publishing as Pren=ce Hall Computer Network Types Peer-to-Peer (P2P) § Each device can share resources § No centralized authority § Each computer belongs to workgroup § Do not need to connect to the Internet § Most found in homes and small businesses § Simplest type of network § Do not need network operating system § All computers must be on to access resources Visualizing Technology Copyright © 2014 Pearson Educaon, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • Pirate Philosophy Leonardo Roger F
    Pirate Philosophy Leonardo Roger F. Malina, Executive Editor Sean Cubitt, Editor-in-Chief Closer: Performance, Technologies, Phenomenology , Susan Kozel, 2007 Video: The Reflexive Medium , Yvonne Spielmann, 2007 Software Studies: A Lexicon , Matthew Fuller, 2008 Tactical Biopolitics: Art, Activism, and Technoscience , edited by Beatriz da Costa and Kavita Philip, 2008 White Heat and Cold Logic: British Computer Art 1960–1980 , edited by Paul Brown, Charlie Gere, Nicholas Lambert, and Catherine Mason, 2008 Rethinking Curating: Art after New Media , Beryl Graham and Sarah Cook, 2010 Green Light: Toward an Art of Evolution , George Gessert, 2010 Enfoldment and Infinity: An Islamic Genealogy of New Media Art , Laura U. Marks, 2010 Synthetics: Aspects of Art & Technology in Australia, 1956–1975 , Stephen Jones, 2011 Hybrid Cultures: Japanese Media Arts in Dialogue with the West , Yvonne Spielmann, 2012 Walking and Mapping: Artists as Cartographers , Karen O’Rourke, 2013 The Fourth Dimension and Non-Euclidean Geometry in Modern Art, revised edition , Linda Dalrymple Henderson, 2013 Illusions in Motion: Media Archaeology of the Moving Panorama and Related Spectacles , Erkki Huhtamo, 2013 Relive: Media Art Histories , edited by Sean Cubitt and Paul Thomas, 2013 Re-collection: Art, New Media, and Social Memory , Richard Rinehart and Jon Ippolito, 2014 Biopolitical Screens: Image, Power, and the Neoliberal Brain , Pasi Väliaho, 2014 The Practice of Light: A Genealogy of Visual Technologies from Prints to Pixels , Sean Cubitt, 2014 The Tone of Our Times: Sound, Sense, Economy, and Ecology , Frances Dyson, 2014 The Experience Machine: Stan VanDerBeek’s Movie-Drome and Expanded Cinema , Gloria Sutton, 2014 Hanan al-Cinema: Affections for the Moving Image , Laura U.
    [Show full text]
  • Sneakernet on Wheels: Trustworthy NFC-Based Robot to Machine Communication
    Sneakernet on Wheels: Trustworthy NFC-based Robot to Machine Communication Thomas Ulz, Thomas Pieber, Christian Steger Sarah Haas, Rainer Matischek Institute for Technical Informatics Development Center Graz Graz University of Technology Infineon Technologies Austria AG Graz, Austria Graz, Austria fthomas.ulz, thomas.pieber, [email protected] fsarah.haas, rainer.matischekg@infineon.com Abstract—Wireless communication technologies such as WiFi, controlled accessories could potentially operate in the ZigBee, or Bluetooth often suffer from interference due to many 2:4 GHz range [3]. The alternative 5 GHz range for WiFi devices using the same, unregulated frequency spectrum. Also, is also already used by other devices such as cordless wireless coverage can be insufficient in certain areas of a building. At the same time, eavesdropping a wireless communication out- phones, radar, and digital satellites [4]. Due to many de- side a building might be easy due to the extended communication vices operating in the same frequency range, interference range of particular technologies. These issues affect mobile robots will occur and affect wireless communication. and especially industrial mobile robots since the production 2) Insufficient Coverage: Due to certain objects in build- process relies on dependable and trustworthy communication. ings that dampen or even shield wireless communication Therefore, we present an alternative communication approach that uses Near Field Communication (NFC) to transfer confiden- (e.g. walls or large production machines) it is costly tial data such as production-relevant information or configuration to provide good wireless coverage for every part of updates. Due to NFC lacking security mechanisms, we propose a certain area. For IAMRs this is a problem due to a secured communication framework that is supported by dedi- the non-deterministic behavior when navigating on a cated hardware-based secure elements.
    [Show full text]
  • Bitcoin 2: Freedom of Transaction
    Bitcoin 2: Freedom of Transaction Sid Angeles and Eric Gonzalez [email protected] AF76 05E5 EB15 2B00 AB18 204C 11C9 1C8B EA6C 7389 [email protected] 3A85 7ABC 9453 96E4 B9DB 2A11 7370 E15E 8F60 2788 Donations: 1btctwojvohHSLaXaJAHWebZF2RS8n1NB Revision 2 July 23, 2013 Abstract We propose a set of changes to the original Bitcoin protocol (called Bitcoin 2) that allows Bitcoin to evolve into a system that is future-proof against developing threats to its original vision – an alternative, decentralized payment system which allows censorship-resistant, irreversible transac- tions. Bitcoin 2 strives to be a minimal set that lays the foundations for a long-lived system capable of delivering the original Bitcoin vision, with enough room for growth to layer additional im- provements on top of it. These changes include a sliding blockchain with fixed block sizes, the redistribution of dead coins with an unforgeable lottery, enforced mixing, and miner ostracism. The proposed changes require a proactive fork of the original Bitcoin block chain, but they allow final transfers of existing coins into Bitcoin 2 and a reuse of the existing Bitcoin infrastruc- ture. 1 Introduction The Bitcoin peer-to-peer electronic cash system [11] was introduced in 2009 and it proved to be a remarkable piece of work which found widespread adoption. The system was started with the explicit goal of providing a completely alternative payment system without a single point of failure that allows anonymous, but not untraceable, transactions. However, certain shortcomings in the original protocol and unforeseen developments inside and outside of the growing Bitcoin ecosystem threaten these very goals and there is good reason to believe that Bitcoin could develop into a system that is a complete perversion of the original vision – a com- pletely transparent payment system with very few points of control which has been totally absorbed by the established financial and regulatory environment.
    [Show full text]
  • Terabyte Sneakernet: the Carry-On Data Center by Drew Hamre
    December 2007 Terabyte SneakerNet: The Carry-on Data Center By Drew Hamre I recently helped relocate a data center for a US government agency, moving system images from Virginia to a consolidated facility in Minnesota. During ‘cutover’ weekend, production systems in Virginia were dropped and remained unavailable until data could be refreshed at the Minnesota data center and the new systems could be brought online. To minimize downtime, the time allotted for refreshing data across locations was extremely brief. email This data transfer was daunting for two reasons: the amount of data being moved was large (as much as two-terabytes would be moved during cutover weekend), and the network between the two sites was slow. Portable media were the only viable alternative, but these devices would need to meet extremely difficult requirements. They would need to be fast (due to the brief transfer window), inexpensive (no hardware funds were budgeted) and portable (devices needed to be hand-carried by agents to meet security mandates). Ideally, the team needed to find fast, cheap transfer devices that could be stowed in an airliner’s overhead bin. This paper reviews alternatives for the transfer, focusing on the latest generation of commodity Network Attached Storage (NAS) devices that allowed agents to transfer as much as 12-terabytes in a single carry-on duffle bag. Background: Transitioning Data Centers At the time of the transition, both data centers were fully functional: Virginia supported production, while Minnesota (a parallel environment running pre-staged system images on new hardware) supported acceptance testing. Minnesota’s parallel environment included a full snapshot of Virginia’s file system and databases (roughly 10-terabytes in total).
    [Show full text]
  • Crowd Powered Media Delivery: Facilitating Ubiquitous Device-To-Device File Transfers
    Crowd Powered Media Delivery: Facilitating Ubiquitous Device-To-Device File Transfers Colin Scott Microsoft Research India ABSTRACT latent desire for content that is not available from immedi- Device-to-device file transfers are pervasive in many emerg- ate friend groups: users would like to discover and transfer ing markets, but users typically only share content with close content within their geographic vicinity, and may even be friends or informal media vendors. We seek to facilitate willing to pay others to transport content to them. We seek ubiquitous device-to-device file transfers beyond one's im- to facilitate this `crowd powered' delivery of media, by pro- mediate social network. This extended abstract outlines the viding services such as a geo-tagged content directory and a research challenges we need to address and our initial plans remuneration system for transportation of content. for addressing them. Realizing our goal requires us to address several research challenges. Are users willing to travel physical distances to share content, and if so, what is the most appropriate re- 1. INTRODUCTION muneration model? How should metadata be distributed to It is widely acknowledged that demand for Internet con- devices in offline and poorly connected areas? What is the tent exceeds the available supply of bandwidth in emerging most understandable interface for naming and authenticat- markets. Internet companies have launched numerous ven- ing content? Can we devise a sustainable business model? tures to address this shortage, ranging from fiber installa- Can we arrange an agreeable relationship between copyright tions [9] to low Earth orbiting satellites [13], solar powered holders and consumers of (often pirated) content? drones [8], and high altitude balloons [10].
    [Show full text]
  • Terascale Sneakernet: Using Inexpensive Disks for Backup, Archiving, and Data Exchange
    TeraScale SneakerNet: Using Inexpensive Disks for Backup, Archiving, and Data Exchange. Jim Gray, Wyman Chong, Tom Barclay, Alex Szalay, Jan Vandenberg May 2002 Technical Report MS-TR-02-54 Microsoft Research Advanced Technology Division Microsoft Corporation One Microsoft Way Redmond, WA 98052 TeraScale SneakerNet: Using Inexpensive Disks for Backup, Archiving, and Data Exchange. Jim Gray, Wyman Chong, Tom Barclay, Alex Szalay, Jan Vandenberg May 2002 The Problem: How do we exchange Terabyte datasets? We want to send 10TB (terabytes, which is ten million megabytes) to many of our colleagues so that they can have a Table 1. Time to send a TB private copy of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey 1 Gbps 3 hours (http://skyserver.sdss.org/) or of the TerraServer data 100 Mbps 1 day (http://TerraServer.net/). 1 Mbps 3 months The data interchange problem is the extreme form of backup and archiving. In backup or archiving you are mailing the data to yourself in the future (for restore). So, a data interchange solution is likely a good solution for backup/restore and for archival storage. What is the best way to Table 2: The raw price of bandwidth, the true price is more move a terabyte from place than twice this when staff, router, and support costs are to place? The Next included. Raw prices are higher in some parts of the world. Raw Generation Internet (NGI) Speed Rent Raw $/TB Time/TB promised gigabit per Context Mbps $/month $/Mbps sent days second bandwidth desktop- home phone 0.04 40 1,000 3,086 6 years to-desktop by the year home DSL 0.6 70 117 360 5 months 2000.
    [Show full text]
  • Scaling up Delay Tolerant Networking
    Scaling Up Delay Tolerant Networking Sebastian Schildt Scaling Up Delay Tolerant Networking Von der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktoringenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Dissertation von Sebastian Schildt geboren am 29.11.1981 in Stade Eingereicht am: 28.05.2015 Disputation am: 01.12.2015 1. Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars Wolf 2. Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Jörg Ott 2016 Contents . Introduction .. Outline . . DTN Basics .. Delay Tolerant Networking . .. The Bundle Protocol . . Internet-scale Routing and Naming .. Problem Statement . .. Making Friends: Discover Other Nodes . .. Distributed Hashtables . .. NASDI: Naming and Service Discovery for Internet DTNs . .. DTN-DHT: Practical Naming for Internet DTNs . .. Free DTN Routers: Mail Convergence Layer . .. Summary . . Storage Synchronization .. Problem Statement . .. The Synchronization Problem . .. Assumptions and Conventions . .. Bloom Filter Primer . .. Synchronization Approach . .. Evaluation . .. Theoretical Eciency Analysis . .. Comparison with Other Approaches . .. Practical Performance . .. Large Propagation Delays . .. Summary . . Incentives for Users .. Problem Statement . .. Related Work . .. A Game-based Incentive System . .. Economic Feasibility . .. User Study . .. Related Products . C .. Summary . . Conclusions .. Contributions . .. Outlook . A. Appendix A.. BT-DHT Configuration Options . A.. MCL Internet Draft . A.. Geo Game Flyer . A.. User Study
    [Show full text]
  • Radical Tactics of the Offline Library
    Radical Tactics of the Offline Radical Tactics of the Offline Library Radical Library Tactics of theHENRY WARWICK Offline Library Radical Tactics of the Offline07 Library Radical Radical Tactics of the Offline Library 07 COLOPHON Network Notebooks editors: Geert Lovink and Miriam Rasch Design: Medamo, Rotterdam http://www.medamo.nl ePub development: André Castro Printer: Printvisie Publisher: Institute of Network Cultures, Amsterdam Supported by: Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences (Hogeschool van Amsterdam), Amsterdam Creative Industries Publishing, Stichting Democratie en Media If you want to order copies please contact: Institute of Network Cultures Hogeschool van Amsterdam Rhijnspoorplein 1 1091 GC Amsterdam The Netherlands http://www.networkcultures.org [email protected] t: +31 (0)20 59 51 865 ePub and PDF editions of this publication are freely downloadable from: http://www.networkcultures.org/publications This publication is licensed under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 Unported (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0) To view a copy of this license, visit creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/. Amsterdam, June 2014 ISBN 978-90-818575-9-8 (print) ISBN 978-90-822345-0-3 (ePub) NETWORK NOTEBOOK SERIES The Network Notebooks series presents new media research commissioned by the INC. PREVIOUSLY PUBLISHED NETWORK NOTEBOOKS: Network Notebooks 06 Andreas Treske, The Inner Life of Video Spheres: Theory for the YouTube Generation, 2013. ISBN: 978-90-818575-3-6. Network Notebooks 05 Eric Kluitenberg, Legacies of Tactical Media, 2011. ISBN: 978-90-816021-8-1. Network Notebooks 04 Rosa Menkman, The Glitch Momentum, 2011. ISBN: 978-90-816021-6-7. Network Notebooks 03 Dymtri Kleiner, The Telekommunist Manifesto, 2010.
    [Show full text]
  • Event-Driven Software-Architecture for Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking
    Event-driven Software-Architecture for Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking Der Carl-Friedrich-Gauß-Fakultät der Technischen Universität Carolo-Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig zur Erlangung des Grades eines Doktoringenieurs (Dr.-Ing.) genehmigte Disseration von Johannes Morgenroth geboren am 28.08.1981 in Braunschweig Eingereicht am: 19.12.2014 Disputation am: 17.07.2015 1. Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Lars Wolf 2. Referent: Prof. Dr.-Ing. Klaus Wehrle 2015 Bibliografische Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek: Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über www.dnb.de abrufbar. Diss., Technische Universität Carolo Wilhelmina zu Braunschweig, 2015 © 2015 Johannes Morgenroth Herstellung: BoD – Books on Demand, Norderstedt BoD Ref. 0011632925 Abstract Continuous end-to-end connectivity is not available all the time, not even in wired networks. Thus, the »Off-line first« paradigm is applied to applications of mobile devices to deal with intermittent connectivity without annoying the users every time the network is going to be flaky. But since mobile devices, particularly smart- phones, are typically bound to the Internet, they become almost useless as soon as their connectivity is gone. Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking (DTN) al- lows devices to communicate even if there is no continuous path to the destination by replacing the end-to-end semantics with a hop-by-hop store-carry-and-forward approach. Since existing implementations of DTN software suffer from various limita- tions, this thesis presents an event-driven software architecture for Delay- and Disruption-Tolerant Networking and a lean, lightweight, and extensible imple- mentation of a bundle node.
    [Show full text]