ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

1 R.V.ANDERSON ASSOCIATES LIMITED

FOUNDED IN 1948

TORONTO-BASED

CANADIAN COMPANY

$30 M ANNUAL REVENUES

RVA’s Principals & Associates 2 R.V.ANDERSON ASSOCIATES LIMITED

250 EMPLOYEES

EMPLOYEE-OWNED

“OUR CULTURE OF OWNERSHIP”

ONE OF CANADA’S BEST MANAGED COMPANIES SINCE 2008

`

Sudbury South End Sewer Tunnel American Public Works Association Project of the Year (2011) 3 R.V.ANDERSON ASSOCIATES LIMITED

Geographic Locations

India

4 ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

5 ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

6 ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

7 ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

8 ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING? ONTARIO ROADS – WHERE ARE THEY LEADING?

• WHAT IS A ROAD • FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD • ROAD CLASSIFICATION • WHO OWNS THE ROAD AND UTILITIES • WINTER ROADS • CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO THE ECONOMY WHAT IS A ROAD

• A THOROUGHFARE ROUTE OR WAY ON LAND • PAVED OR IMPROVED • VARIOUS TYPES OF TRANSPORT (i.e. CARS, BICYCLES, MOTORCYCLES, HORSE AND CARRIAGES, PEOPLE AND ANIMALS) • TRAVEL IN BOTH DIRECTIONS WITH ONE OR MORE LANES OF TRAFFIC FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

TRANSPORTATION • MOST CANADIANS DRIVE OR USE PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION • CANADA HAS NEARLY 900,000 KILOMETRES OF ROADS • CANADA’S NATIONAL HIGHWAY SYSTEM IS MADE UP OF OVER 38,000 KILOMETRES OF NATIONAL AND REGIONAL HIGHWAYS • ROADS ARE PUBLICLY OWNED ROADS (i.e. HWY 401) AND PRIVATELY OWNED ROADS (i.e. HWY 407) FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

ACCOMMODATION OF UTILITIES • MUNICIPAL INFRASTRUCTURE SUCH AS SEWERS AND WATERMAINS ARE INSTALLED WITHIN THE CITY’S RIGHT OF WAY (ROW) • PRIVATELY OWNED UTILITIES SUCH AS HYDRO, CABLE, GAS AND COMMUNICATIONS ALSO INSTALL THEIR PLANTS WITHIN THE CITY’S ROW FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

OVERLAND FLOW ROUTE (URBAN ROADS) • STORM SEWERS CONVEY FLOWS FROM FREQUENT STORM EVENTS (i.e. 2 AND 5 YEAR STORMS)

• ROADS CARRY LESS FREQUENT STORMS (i.e. 100 YEAR STORM)

• ROADS ARE DESIGNED TO ALLOW A MAXIMUM WATER HEIGHT WHEN FLOODED FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

OVERLAND FLOW ROUTE (URBAN ROADS)

• STORMS LESS FREQUENT THAN THE 100 YEAR OR REGIONAL STORMS CAUSE COMPLETE FLOODING OF THE ROAD (i.e. DVP FLOODING)

SOURCE: City News FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

SOURCE: http://news.nationalpost.com/2013/07/08/heavy-rain-batters-toronto-darkens-skies-in-sudden-storm// FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

SOURCE: http://ca.news.yahoo.com/photos/go-train-rescue-after-flooding-slideshow/ http://www.businessinsider.com/pictures-of-flood-in-toronto-2013-7 FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

EMERGENCY RUNWAYS

• SOME ROADS ARE ESPECIALLY BUILT TO ALLOW AIRCRAFT LANDING • SECTIONS OF ROADS HAVE BEEN USED PRIMARILY BY MILITARY AIRCRAFT SINCE WW2 • SAMPLES OF EMERGENCY RUNWAYS INCLUDE: • AUTOBAHN A29 (GERMANY) • M-1 AND M-2 (PAKISTAN) FUNCTIONS OF A ROAD

ZONE/AREA BOUNDARY

• ROADS DELINEATE DIFFERENT DISTRICTS WITHIN A CITY (i.e. CITY OF TORONTO DISTRICTS) • ROADS ALSO DELINEATE DIFFERENT TOWNS, CITIES AND REGIONS

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/planning/urbdesign/districtmap.htm ONTARIO ROADS

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

• LOCAL ROADS • PROVIDE ACCESS TO PROPERTY • LESS THAN 2500 VEHICLES PER DAY • LOW TRAFFIC SPEED • NO BUS ROUTES • SIDEWALKS ON AT LEAST ONE SIDE OF THE ROAD • LOW PRIORITY FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE • EXAMPLE (STANMILLS ROAD)

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/road_class/index.htm ONTARIO ROADS

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

• COLLECTOR ROADS • PROVIDE ACCESS TO PROPERTY AND TRAFFIC MOVEMENT • 2500 TO 8000 VEHICLES PER DAY • LESS THAN 1500 BUS (STREETCAR) PASSENGERS PER DAY • SIGNALIZED INTERSECTIONS AT ARTERIAL ROADS • SIDEWALKS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE ROAD • MEDIUM PRIORITY FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE • EXAMPLE (ELMHURST DRIVE)

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/road_class/index.htm ONTARIO ROADS

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

• MINOR ARTERIAL ROADS • TRAFFIC MOVEMENT IS PRIMARY FUNCTION • 8000 TO 20000 VEHICLES PER DAY • 1500 TO 5000 BUS PASSENGERS PER DAY • SPEED LIMITS 40 TO 60 KM/HR • CONTROLLED BY TRAFFIC SIGNALS (NO STOP SIGNS) • SIDEWALKS ON BOTH SIDES, MAY HAVE BICYCLE LANES • HIGH PRIORITY FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE • EXAMPLE (GERRARD STREET EAST)

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/road_class/index.htm ONTARIO ROADS

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

• MAJOR ARTERIAL ROADS • TRAFFIC MOVEMENT IS PRIMARY FUNCTION • SUBJECT TO ACCESS CONTROLS • GREATER THAN 20000 VEHICLES PER DAY • GREATER THAN 5000 BUS PASSENGERS PER DAY • SPEED LIMITS 50 TO 60 KM/HR • CONTROLLED BY TRAFFIC SIGNALS (NO STOP SIGNS) • SIDEWALKS ON BOTH SIDES, MAY HAVE BICYCLE LANES • HIGH PRIORITY FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE • EXAMPLE (YONGE STREET)

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/road_class/index.htm ONTARIO ROADS

ROAD CLASSIFICATION

• EXPRESSWAY • TRAFFIC MOVEMENT IS PRIMARY FUNCTION • NO PROPERTY ACCESS • SPEED LIMITS 80 TO 100 KM/HR • NO LOCAL TRANSIT SERVICE • PEDESTRIANS AND CYCLISTS PROHIBITED • GRADE-SEPARATED INTERSECTIONS (NO TRAFFIC SIGNALS) • HIGHEST PRIORITY FOR WINTER MAINTENANCE • EXAMPLE (GARDINER EXPRESSWAY)

SOURCE: http://www.toronto.ca/transportation/road_class/index.htm ONTARIO ROADS

WHO OWNS THE ROAD AND UTILITIES? PUBLIC ROADS • OWNED AND MAINTAINED BY DIFFERENT LEVELS OF GOVERNMENT • MUNICIPAL ROADS • REGIONAL ROADS • PROVINCIAL HIGHWAYS • PUBLIC USE • ROADS FUNDED BY TAXPAYER’S MONEY • EXAMPLES (STEELES AVENUE, HIGHWAY 401) ONTARIO ROADS

WHO OWNS THE ROAD AND UTILITIES? PRIVATE ROADS • HWY 407 ETR • PRIVATELY OPERATED AND MAINTAINED UNDER A 99 YEAR LEASE AGREEMENT WITH THE GOVERNMENT OF ONTARIO • FIRST ELECTRONICALLY OPERATED TOLL HIGHWAY OPENED IN THE WORLD • MOTORISTS HAVE TRANSPONDERS OR HAVE THEIR LICENSE PLATES PHOTOGRAPHED AT POINT OF ENTRY AND POINT OF EXIT • DISTANCE IS CALCULATED ELECTRONICALLY • ROADS OWNED AND MAINTAINED BY CONDOMINIUM CORPORATIONS • NOT ASSUMED OR MAINTAINED BY THE MUNICIPALITY ONTARIO ROADS

WHO OWNS THE ROAD AND UTILITIES? PUBLIC UTILITIES • THE MUNICIPAL GOVERNMENT OWNS, OPERATES AND MAINTAINS PUBLIC MUNICIPAL UTILITIES • UTILITIES ARE PUBLICLY FUNDED THROUGH TAXATION • MUNICIPAL UTILITIES INCLUDE WATERMAINS, STORM SEWERS AND SANITARY SEWERS PRIVATE UTILITIES • PRIVATE UTILITY COMPANIES OWN, OPERATE AND MAINTAIN THEIR PLANTS USUALLY LOCATED WITHIN THE CITY’S RIGHT OF WAY • PRIVATE UTILITIES ARE FUNDED BY CHARGING INDIVIDUALS FOR THE SERVICES PROVIDED • PRIVATE UTILITIES INCLUDE CABLE, GAS, COMMUNICATIONS, ETC ONTARIO ROADS

WINTER ROADS • WINTER ROADS HELP CONNECT REMOTE FIRST NATION COMMUNITIES IN THE PROVINCE’S FAR NORTH • ROADS ARE OPEN FROM MID JANUARY UNTIL LATE MARCH • WINTER ROADS CONNECT TO PERMANENT HIGHWAYS AND RAIL SYSTEMS • THE PROVINCE CONSTRUCTS AND OPERATES MORE THAN 3000 KM OF WINTER ROAD SYSTEMS

SOURCE: http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/northern-development/transportation-support/northern-ontario-winter-roads ONTARIO ROADS

WINTER ROADS • MAJOR BENEFITS INCLUDE: • REDUCES COST OF CONSUMER GOODS, FUEL AND CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN REMOTE COMMUNITIES • PROVIDES SEASONAL ACCESS TO PRIMARY HEALTH CARE AND OTHER SERVICES • PROVIDES JOBS AND TRAINING OPPORTUNITIES • ENHANCES ACCESS TO REMOTE AREAS OF THE PROVINCE (ACCESS TO MINERAL AND FORESTRY RESOURCES)

SOURCE: http://www.mndm.gov.on.ca/en/northern-development/transportation-support/northern-ontario-winter-roads ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY CONSTRUCTION COST • ONTARIO GOVERNMENT INVESTED OVER $2.7 BILLION IN 2010-2011 • FUNDING FOR ENGINEERING, PROPERTY, CONSTRUCTION, AND REHABILITATION • INCLUDED OVER $1.7 BILLION FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION AND REHABILITATION

SOURCE: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/pubs/results-based-plan/2011/appendix.shtml ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY MAINTENANCE COST ROUTINE MAINTENANCE COST • REPAIRS TO ROAD INFRASTRUCTURE (POTHOLES FILLING, MINOR GUIDERAIL REPAIRS, ELECTRICAL SYSTEM REPAIRS) • ROADSIDE MAINTENANCE (GRASS CUTTING, LITTER REMOVAL, DITCH MAINTENANCE) • TRAFFIC CONTROL MAINTENANCE (PAVEMENT MARKINGS, TRAFFIC SIGNS AND LIGHTS) • MISCELLANEOUS EXPENSES (ELECTRICITY FOR LIGHTING)

SOURCE: Transport Canada ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY MAINTENANCE COST WINTER MAINTENANCE COST • COST OF FIELD OPERATIONS (SNOW REMOVAL, SANDING AND SALTING) • SUPPORTING FACILITIES AND ACTIVITIES (STORAGE OF SAND AND SALT, STORAGE OF SNOW REMOVAL EQUIPMENT, WEATHER REPORTING AND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS)

SOURCE: Transport Canada ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY ACCIDENT COST

• OVER $1.5 BILLION ANNUAL COST AS OF 2002 FOR MEDICAL AND REHABILITATION COSTS • MINIMUM COST PER ACCIDENT • FATALITY $80000 • INJURY $30000 • PROPERTY DAMAGE $8000

SOURCE: Insurance Bureau of Canada ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY TRAFFIC CONGESTION COST

• METROLINX STUDY IN 2006 FOR THE GREATER TORONTO HAMILTON AREA (GTHA) • COSTS INCLUDE: • TRAVEL DELAYS • INCREASED IMPACT TO THE ENVIRONMENT • INCREASED VEHICLE MAINTENANCE COST • INCREASED CHANCE OF VEHICLE COLLISIONS • ESTIMATED ANNUAL COST IN 2006 WAS $3.3 BILLION • OPPORTUNITY COST WAS $2.7 BILLION • COST WILL INCREASE TO $7.8 BILLION BY 2031 • THE SECTION OF HWY 401 CROSSING THROUGH TORONTO IS THE BUSIEST HIGHWAY IN NORTH AMERICA • DAILY TRAFFIC IS GREATER THAN 350000 VEHICLES

SOURCE: METROLINX ONTARIO ROADS

CONTRIBUTION OF ROADS TO ECONOMY PUBLIC’S ROLE • MINIMIZE VEHICULAR ACCIDENTS • OBEY TRAFFIC SIGNALS • POSTED SPEEDS • MINIMIZE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS • CARPOOLING • MULTIMODAL TRANSPORTATION • PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION • REDUCTION OF GREEN HOUSE GASES • REDUCTION OF TRAFFIC CONGESTION REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• TO IMPROVE ACCIDENT RATES • TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE • TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • DUE TO AGING OF EXISTING ROADS • DUE TO THE NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY COLLISION FATALITIES - CANADA

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/roadsafety/tp- 1317.htm# 2

SOURCE: Transport Canada COLLISION FATALITIES - ONTARIO

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/roadsafety/tp- 1317.htm# 2

SOURCE: Transport Canada REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• LOCALLY UNDERPERFORMING ROADS OR INTERSECTIONS ARE IDENTIFIED AND IMPROVED. 10 WORST INTERSECTIONS IN TORONTO

• 1. BAYVIEW AVE. AT SHEPPARD AVE. E. • 2. YONGE ST., HIGHWAY 401 TO SHEPPARD AVE. • 3. YORK ST., FRONT ST. TO GARDINER EXPRESSWAY • 4. SHEPPARD AVE. W. AT ALLEN RD. • 5. LESLIE ST., HIGHWAY 401 TO SHEPPARD AVE. E. • 6. LAKE SHORE BLVD., YORK ST. TO BATHURST ST. • 7. KENNEDY RD., HIGHWAY 401 TO SHEPPARD AVE. E. • 8. MARKHAM RD., HIGHWAY 401 TO SHEPPARD AVE. E. • 9. DUFFERIN ST. AT FINCH AVE. W. • 10. BLACK CREEK DR. AT LAWRENCE AVE. W.

SOURCE:HTTP://WWW.THESTAR.COM/NEWS/GTA/2013/05/08/TORONTO_IDENTIFIES_TOP_10_MOST_CONGESTE D_INTERSECTIONS.HTML 10 WORST ROADS IN ONTARIO

• 1. DUFFERIN STREET (TORONTO) • 2. BURLINGTON STREET EAST (HAMILTON) • 3. FINCH AVENUE WEST (TORONTO) • 4. KRAFT CREEK ROAD (TIMMINS) • 5. BAYVIEW AVENUE (TORONTO) • 6. LAWRENCE AVENUE EAST (TORONTO) • 7. WHARNCLIFFE ROAD SOUTH (LONDON) • 8. BOUVIER ROAD (CLARENCE-ROCKLAND) • 9. CARLING AVENUE (OTTAWA) • 10. STANLEY AVENUE (NIAGARA FALLS)

SOURCE: HTTP://WWW.CAASCO.COM/COMMUNITY-ACTION/WORST-ROADS.ASPX REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• TO IMPROVE ACCIDENT RATES • TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE • TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • AGING OF EXISTING ROADS • NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY NUMBER OF VEHICLES- CANADA

LIGHT DUTY VEHICLES (1000 s)

http://www.tc.gc.ca/eng/roadsafety/tp- 1317.htm# 2

SOURCE: Transport Canada COST OF CONGESTION

• AVERAGE COST IN GTHA

SOURCE: METROLINX DEC 2008, COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREA; IMPACT AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE METROLINX REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. COST OF CONGESTION

• ANNUAL FORECAST GROWTH ($ BILLION)

SOURCE: METROLINX DEC 2008, COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREA; IMPACT AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE METROLINX REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. COST OF CONGESTION

I NCREASE OF TRAVEL TI ME COMPARI NG TO FREE FLOW CONDITION-2006

SOURCE: METROLINX DEC 2008, COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREA; IMPACT AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE METROLINX REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. COST OF CONGESTION

• IN 2006, AROUND 2 MILLION TRIPS IN EACH PEAK HOUR MORNING AND EXPECT TO BE 3 MILLION BY 2031.(GTHA)

SOURCE: METROLINX DEC 2008, COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREA; IMPACT AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE METROLINX REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN. CAPACITY CONDITIONS OF CANADIAN ROADS

SOURCE: CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 - 2012 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF CANADIAN ROADS

SOURCE: CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 - 2012 REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• TO IMPROVE ACCIDENT RATES • TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE • TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • AGING OF EXISTING ROADS • NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

2008 May 06 REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

2011 Oct. 28 REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• TO IMPROVE ACCIDENT RATES • TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE • TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • AGING OF EXISTING ROADS • NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY AGING OF EXISTING ROADS

TYPICAL USEFUL LIFE OF ROADS (YEARS )

• EXPRESSWAY : 15 – 18 YEARS • URBAN MAJOR ARTERIAL: 15 – 18 YEARS • URBAN MINOR ARTERIAL: 25 – 40 YEARS • URBAN LOCAL: 30 – 35 YEARS • RURAL LOCAL: 40 – 50 YEARS • CURBS AND SIDEWALKS: 40 – 50 YEARS

SOURCE: CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 - 2012 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF CANADIAN ROADS

SOURCE: CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 - 2012 PHYSICAL CONDITIONS OF CANADIAN ROADS

SOURCE: CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 - 2012 REASONS FOR IMPROVED ROADS

• TO IMPROVE ACCIDENT RATES • TO IMPROVE TRAFFIC PERFORMANCE • TO ACCOMMODATE FUTURE DEVELOPMENT • AGING OF EXISTING ROADS • NEED FOR SUSTAINABILITY SUSTAINABILITY

• WHAT IS SUSTAINABILITY?

SUSTAINABILITY IS A SYSTEM CHARACTERISTIC THAT REFLECTS ITS CAPACITY TO SUPPORT NATURAL LAWS AND HUMAN VALUES.

SOURCE: GREENROADS MANUAL v1.5 SUSTAINABILITY

SOURCE: MTO, NORTHERN HIGHWAYS PROGRAM 2011 TO 2015 BASIC PRINCIPLES OF SUSTAINABILITY

• SUBSTANCES SHOULD NOT BE EXTRACTED AT A RATE FASTER THAN THEY CAN BE REGENERATED BY NATURAL PROCESS.

• SUBSTANCES SHOULD NOT BE PRODUCED AT A RATE FASTER THAN THEY CAN BE DECOMPOSED AND REINTEGRATED INTO AN ECHO SYSTEM.

• ECOSYSTEMS SHOULD NOT BE SYSTEMATICALLY DEGRADED OR OTHERWISE DISRUPTED FROM EQUILIBRIUM BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES.

After Robert 2002 SUSTAINABILITY

• WHO IMPOSES SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE IN TRANSPORTATION INDUSTRY - GOVERNMENT (MOE, MNR, DFO, MTO) - CONSERVATION AUTHORITIES (TRCA, CVC..) - MUNICIPALITIES - THIRD PARTY ORGANIZATIONS (GREENROADS) RECYCLING

• RECYCLING ASPHALT PAVEMENT RECYCLING / REUSE

THE AR2000 SUPER RECYCLER I S STATE-OF-THE-ART I N REALI ZI NG THE FULL ENVI RONMENTAL, TECHNI CAL AND ECONOMI CAL BENEFI TS OF HOT I N-PLACE ASPHALT RECYCLI NG.

SOURCE: http://martec.ca/brochures/english.pdf RECYCLING / REUSE

CITY OF TORONTO IN THE PROCESS OF REVISITING THE USE OF RECLAIMED MATERIAL AS GRANULAR BASES AND SUB BASES GRANULAR A RCM MEANS A SET OF REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSE GRADED RECYCLED MATERIAL INTENDED FOR USE AS GRANULAR BASE WITHIN THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE.

GRANULAR A RAP MEANS A SET OF REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSE GRADED RECYCLED MATERIAL INTENDED FOR USE AS GRANULAR BASE WITHIN THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE.

50 MM CRUSHED AGGREGATE MEANS A SET OF REQUIREMENTS FOR DENSE GRADED RECYCLED MATERIAL INTENDED FOR USE AS GRANULAR BASE WITHIN THE PAVEMENT STRUCTURE. SOURCE: Reclaimed Concrete Material and Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement -SP No. GN124S01 EARTHWORK BALANCE PERMEABLE PAVEMENT LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT

SOURCE: FILTREXX CANADA ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY

• ON AVERAGE, THERE IS A MOTOR VEHICLE/WILD ANIMAL COLLISION EVERY 38 MINUTES • ONE OUT OF EVERY 17 MOTOR VEHICLE COLLISIONS INVOLVES A WILD ANIMAL • 89 PER CENT OCCUR ON TWO-LANE ROADS OUTSIDE OF URBAN AREAS

• SOURCE: MTO // ECOLOGICAL CONNECTIVITY

• THE ONTARIO MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION (MTO) HAS OPENED ITS FIRST ECO-PASSAGE FOR ANIMALS TO SAFELY CROSS THE HIGHWAY. THE BRIDGE IS PART OF THE MTO’S ONGOING PROJECT TO WIDEN HIGHWAY 69 TO 4 LANES. THIS BRIDGE IS LOCATED NEAR THE TURN-OFF TO KILLARNEY.

SOURCE:http://fedpubs.com/wordpress/tag/animalcrossing/ tt HABITAT RESTORATION

• EXISTING 3900MM CSP CULVERT HABITAT RESTORATION

• PROPOSED 38M SPAN BRIDGE TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION

• PUBLIC TRANSPORT • CAR POOL • USE OF BICYCLES • ALTERNATE DESIGN OF ROADS (ROUNDABOUTS) • ALTERNATE DESIGN OF VEHICLES (ELECTRIC CARS) TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION PUBLIC TRANSPORT

http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-002-x/2010002/article/11283/c-g/c-g002-eng.htm TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION PUBLIC TRANSPORT

SOURCE: CAA, DRIVING COSTS 2012 TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION

YEARLY COST OF $1,542 FOR A TTC PASS.

$2,798 FOR A GO TRAIN PASS FROM OAKVILLE TO UNION STATION.

OVER A 40-YEAR WORKING LIFE ALMOST $1 MILLION FOR TWO CARS.

IF GREATER TRANSIT CHOICES WERE AVAILABLE, PEOPLE COULD REALLOCATE THE MAJORITY OF THIS MONEY INTO OTHER VITAL EXPENSES.

Source: The Star.com; Paul J. Bedford,Published on Fri Jul 06 2012 http://www.thestar.com/news/insight/2012/07/06/time_to_make_tough_choices_on_public_transportation.html TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION CAR POOLING

CAR POOLING - PERSONAL SAFETY CONCERNS. - LACK OF FLEXIBILITY OR CONTROL. - EFFORT REQUIRED TO ORGANIZE A CARPOOL.

Source: Survey conducted by Goodyear Tires and Smart Commute, 2007 TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES

Source: The Star.com TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION HIGH OCCUPANCY VEHICLE LANES

MORE TO COME IN FUTURE.

IN 2007, THE PROVINCE RELEASED AN AMBITIOUS PLAN TO ADD OVER 450 KILOMETRES OF NEW HOV LANES ON 400-SERIES HIGHWAYS IN THE GREATER GOLDEN HORSESHOE – INCLUDING SOME OF THE MOST HEAVILY- CONGESTED HIGHWAYS IN THE PROVINCE - OVER 25 YEARS. SOURCE: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/traveller/hov/ TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION BICYCLE ACCESS

• MULTI USE PATH – COUNTRYSIDE DRIVE BRAMPTON PEDESTRIAN ACCESS TRAFFIC EMISSION REDUCTION

EFFECTIVE JULY 1, 2010, ONTARIO CONSUMERS WILL BE ELIGIBLE FOR AN INCENTIVE RANGING FROM $5,000 TO $8,500 TOWARDS THE PURCHASE OR LEASE OF A NEW PLUG-IN HYBRID ELECTRIC OR BATTERY ELECTRIC VEHICLE TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION

ANYONE WHO HAS RECEIVED AN ELECTRIC VEHICLE REBATE AND PURCHASED AND INSTALLED A HOME CHARGING STATION BETWEEN JULY 1, 2010 AND THE LAUNCH OF THE CHARGING INCENTIVE PROGRAM WILL BE ELIGIBLE TO APPLY FOR THE REBATE. http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/vehicle/electric/ev-fa q.shtml# charging TRAFFIC EMISSIONS REDUCTION

ONTARIO'S BUILDING CODE AND ELECTRICAL SAFETY CODE ALREADY PROVIDE FOR THE SAFE INTEGRATION OF EV RECHARGING CAPACITY IN HOMES AND OTHER BUILDINGS ON A VOLUNTARY BASIS. Source: http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/vehicle/electric/plan-greener- ontario/index.shtml SUSTAINABILITY

• DOES SUSTAINABLE PRACTICE COST MORE?

• NOT IN MANY CASES. LIFE CYCLE COST

• LIFE CYCLE COST IS TO BE CONSIDERED . NOT INITIAL PROJECT COST. LIFE CYCLE COST

• INITIAL CONSTRUCTION COSTS. • INITIAL PAVEMENT SERVICE LIFE. • REHABILITATION COSTS. • TIMING AND SERVICE LIFE OF REHABILITATION. • PREVENTIVE TREATMENT COSTS. • TIMING AND SERVICE LIFE OF PREVENTIVE TREATMENT. • DISCOUNT RATE. • SALVAGE VALUE. • USER COSTS(NOT CURRENTLY CONSIDERED).

SOURCE:GUIDELINES FOR THE USE OF LIFE CYCLE COST ANALYSIS ON MTO FREEWAY PROJECTS. SUSTAINABILITY BENEFITS

• COST REDUCTION (INITIAL / LIFECYCLE). • REDUCED ENVIRONMENT IMPACT. • INCREASED PROPERTY VALUES. • HEALTHIER ENVIRONMENT AND PEOPLE. CURRENT CONSTRAINTS FOR ROAD IMPROVEMENTS

• ECONOMICAL. • ENVIRONMENTAL. • LIMITED SPACE TO EXPAND ROADS. • LACK OF AWARENESS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY. FUTURE DIRECTION

• NO SINGLE SOLUTION. • NOT BY A SINGLE AGENCY. FUTURE DIRECTION

• AWARENESS ABOUT SUSTAINABILITY. • MORE FUNDS TOWARDS ROAD IMPROVEMENTS. • PROMOTE PUBLIC TRANSPORT. • CHANGE (WORKING STYLE, THINKING) ONTARIO ROADS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

• METROLINX 2008 THE BIG MOVE • REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN FOR THE GTHA • TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS AMOUNT $2 BILLION PER YEAR FOR THE NEXT 25 YEARS • PLAN TO BUILD 1,200 KM OF RAPID TRANSIT • REDUCE COMMUTE TIME • GOVERNMENT OF ONTARIO COMMITTED $11.5 BILLION TO BEGIN IMPLEMENTING THE BIG MOVE

SOURCE: Metrolinx ONTARIO ROADS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

• PHASE 1 • TORONTO LRT PROJECTS • SHEPPARD EAST LRT • ETOBICOKE-FINCH WEST LRT • EGLINTON-SCARBOROUGH CROSSTOWN LINE • REPLACING SCARBOROUGH RT • YORK AND MISSISSAUGA BRT PROJECTS • PHASE 2 • TORONTO SUBWAYS • DOWNTOWN RELIEF LINE • YONGE SUBWAY EXTENSION • GO TRANSIT IMPROVEMENTS • LRT AND BRT OUTSIDE TORONTO

SOURCE: METROLINX ONTARIO ROADS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

TORONTO LRT PROJECTS

SOURCE: http://www.metrolinx.com/en/projectsandprograms/transitexpansionprojects/crosstownproject.aspx ONTARIO ROADS

FUTURE DIRECTIONS

MISSISSAUGA BUS RAPID TRANSIT (BRT)

SOURCE: http://www.gotransit.com/public/en/improve/mississauga_brt.aspx FUTURE DIRECTION

• ELLESMERE ROAD AT WARDEN AVENUE WORST INTERSECTION BEFORE 2007. • IMPROVEMENT COMPLETED IN 2007. THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION

QUESTIONS? REFERENCES

• Robert,K.-H.(2002).The natural step story; seeding a quiet revolution. Gabriola Island, BC:New Society Publishers.

• HTTP://WWW.THESTAR.COM/NEWS/GTA/2013/05/08/TORONTO_IDENTIFIES_TOP_10_MOST_CONGESTED_INTERS ECTIONS.HTML.

• METROLINX DEC 2008, COST OF ROAD CONSTRUCTION IN THE GREATER TORONTO AND HAMILTON AREA; IMPACT AND COST BENEFIT ANALYSIS OF THE METROLINX REGIONAL TRANSPORTATION PLAN.

• CANADIAN INFRASTRUCTURE REPORT CARD – VOLUME 1 – 2012.

• GREENROADS MANUAL v1.5.

• MTO, NORTHERN HIGHWAYS PROGRAM 2011 TO 2015.

• FILTREXX CANADA.

• http://fedpubs.com/wordpress/tag/animalcrossing/tt

• http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english/dandv/vehicle/electric/ev-fa q.shtml#charging

• http://www.statcan.gc.ca/pub/16-002-x/2010002/article/11283/c-g/c-g002-eng.htm

• CAA, DRIVING COSTS 2012

• The Star.com; Paul J. Bedford,Published on Fri Jul 06 2012