Index

A Alveolar bone anatomy, physiologic and regimens for periodontal conditions, AAP. See American Academy of pathologic, 77–78 74t Alveolar bone crest. See also CEJ/ Anti-convulsant drugs, gingival diseases Abscesses alveolar bone crest and, 9 pericoronal, 20 of dry human mandible, 84 Anti-depressant therapy, 39 periodontal, 20 surgical exposure of, around maxillary Antimicrobials, 69–74 Abstracts, 147 incisors during author’s views and comments on, 74 Accessory pulp canals, in furcation area procedure, 78 evidence-based outcomes on, 69–72 of molars, 88–89 Alveolar bone loss, calculating, indications for, 72 Acid etching, 132 Napoleon’s grand army study local delivery systems and, 72, 74t Acquired neutropenia, 18 and, 139 localized juvenile periodontitis and, 70 Acrylic, allergic reactions to, 13 Amelogenin, 99, 102 regimens for dental procedure, 73t Actinobacillus Actinomycetemcomitans, American Academy of Periodontology, resistance to, 69 localized 7, 69, 121, 140 techniques, 72, 74 and, 15 recall intervals recommended by, 123 Antioxidants, periodontal health and, 32 Actinomyces species, 47 SPT guidance through, 122 Antiseptic , 71 Acute necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, American Dental Association, evidence- Application steps, evaluating, 4–5 in HIV-positive patient, 19 based defi ned by, 3 Appraisal results, applying to clinical Acute , indications American Heart Association, 72 practice, 4 for, in periodontology, 72, 72t Amoxicillin, 71 Artefacta , 7 ADA. See American Dental Association Analytical studies, 152 Articles, 147 Adult periodontitis. See Chronic Angle Class I occlusal relationship, Articulators, 64–65 periodontitis moving teeth toward, 64 programming for negative or positive Advanced glycation end products (AGE), Animal research, 147 error, 65 29 in evidence pyramid, 153 rehabilitation with complete dentures, Aggregatibacter (Actinobacillus) institutional animal care and use 65 actinomycetemcomitans, committees for, 157–158 rehabilitation with fi xed localized juvenile periodontitis Antczak-Bouckoms, A., 115 prosthodontics, 64–65 and, 70 Anterior areas with no prosthetic Artifi cial crown, with poor biomechanics, Aggressive periodontitis, 15–17 involvement, indications and 62 defi ning diagnosis for, 15 contraindications to surgical Ascorbic acid defi ciency gingivitis, 10 generalized, 15–16 therapy in case of, 80t Aspirin-induced chemical injuries, to indications for, in periodontology, 72, Anterior areas with prosthetic palate and gingiva, 13 72t involvement, indications and Atrophic candidosis, gingival diseases localized, 15 contraindications to surgical and, 11 Aging process, periodontal diseases, therapy in case of, 80t Attachment level changes, summary of, 26–27 COPYRIGHTEDAnterior disclusion, group function MATERIAL and, following SRP, 47 AIDS 58–59 Attachment loosing sites, osseous bone destruction and tooth loss with, Anterior guidance, 66 resective surgery and, 87–88 19 Anterior vertical overlap, steep, 66 Aubrey, S., 140 periodontal diseases and, 30–31 Antibiotherapy, implant failure prevention Augmentin, 16 Air polishing, 124 and, 128–129 Autogenous graft, 99, 100 (Box 8.1) Alambadar, J. M., 145 Antibiotics Azithromycin, 71 Alexander I (tsar of Russia), 137 dental procedures and cardiac Allergic reactions, and, conditions for which antibiotic B 13 prophylaxis is required, 73t Back-action chisel, 82 Allograft, 99, 100 (box 8.1) evidence-based outcomes relative to, Bacteria, as etiologic agents of Alloplasts, 99, 100 (box 8.1) 69–72 , 69 Alveolar bone indications for, in periodontology, 72, Balanced articulation, 55, 57 periodontal regeneration and, 99 72t classical balanced, 57 surgery’s effect on, 86 regenerative procedures and, 71 fi xed prosthodontics and, 57

165 Balanced articulation (continued) Bone graft effectiveness, platelet rich Candida spp. infection, antimicrobial occlusal load distribution with, 66 plasma and, 105 administration and, 71 thirty-degree anatomical teeth Bone healing, after implant placement, Canine disclusion, group function and, arranged in wax with, 56 132 58–59 Barrier materials, 99 Bone implant contact, 132 Canut, P. M., 88 Baseline values measurement, in Bone ledge, creating in esthetic area, 82 Cardiovascular disease supportive periodontal therapy, Bone loss surrogate endpoints and, 117 122 bite wing radiographs showing pattern treatment in periodontitis patients and Behavioral change, periodontal health of, in fi rst permanent molars, 16 association between chronic and, 32 infl ammatory, around integrated periodontitis and, 120 Beirne, P., 123, 124 implant, 133–135 Caries, in furcation area, tunnelization Bender, I. B., 88 leukemias and, 18 and, 96, 96 Benefi cence, 157 localized aggressive periodontitis and, Carnevale, G., 84, 93 Bennett angle, 64, 65, 65 16 Carranza, F. A., 140 Best evidence, effective searches for, occlusal overload and, 57 Case-control studies, 152, 153, 153 3–4 Bone mineral, 99 Case report forms Beta-tricalcium phosphate, 104 Bone morphogenic proteins, 107, 131 defi ned, 158 Bias, 157 Bone morphogenic protein-2, 99, 107 examples of, 159 minimizing, 153, 157, 158 Bone multicellular units, 131, 132 Case reports, 153 in scientifi c study, 156–157 Bone re-contouring, osseous resective Case series, 153 Bibliographic databases, search surgery and, 77 Case series descriptions, 153 strategies and, 150–151 Bone tissue engineering, gene therapy CASP. See Critical Appraisal Skills BIC. See Bone implant contact approaches to, 109 Program Biofi lm Bony defect, tetracycline intake and Categorical data, 159 removing, 115 partial fi ll of, 17 Catholic University of Leuven, 50 subgingival, antimicrobial resistance Bony ledges, thick buccal, 80 Caton, 81 and, 69 Border envelope, 58, 59 CD4+ T cells, 30 Biological safety committees, 158 Botticelli, D., 132 CEJ. See Cementoenamel junction Biomaterials technology, fl ow of gingival Bower, R. C., 49, 88 CEJ/alveolar bone crest: Napoleon’s crevicular fl uid and, 72 Bowers, G. M., 78 grand army study Biomechanical approach, transition from Braces placement, maxillary generalized average distance, at each of six mechanical approach to, 66 moderate gingivitis after, 8 measurement points, 141, 143 Biomechanics Branemark, P. I., 129 average distance according to teeth, implant-supported fi xed prostheses Brief motivational interviewing, 32 141 and careful control of, 62 British Society for Antimicrobial classifi cation of individuals according of splinting implants together, 64 Chemotherapy, 72 to mean CEJ/alveolar bone crest Biomedical research, funding for, 163 Buccal bone, 78 distance, 142 Biosis, 150 Buccal bone architecture, 78 distance per age category, 143, 143t Bisphosphates, 26 Buccal/facial fl ap, 85 mean distance for each observed Blade, scalers, 43, 44 Buccal furcation, maxillary fi rst molar tooth, 142t Blood dyscrasias, gingivitis associated with root proximity and Class II Cementoblasts, periodontal regeneration with, 9 defect of, 89 and, 99 Blood pressure, as surrogate endpoint Bucco-dental health, diet and, 145 Cementoenamel junction, 78 for intervention, 117 Buhler, H., 92 Napoleon’s grand army study BMI. See Brief motivational interviewing Burs, diamond course round, 81, 81, 82 alveolar bone loss calculated by BMP-2. See Bone morphogenic measurement of distance protein-2 C between crest of alveolar bone BMP-7, periodontal regeneration and, Caffesse, R., 88 and, 139 107 CAL. See Clinical attachment level measurement of disto-buccal BMPs. See Bone morphogeneic Calcium channels blocking agents, distance between bone crest proteins gingival diseases and, 9 and, 140 BMUs. See Bone multicellular units Calcium phosphate, 99 measurement of disto-lingual Bone, integration of removal distance between bone crest on materials with, 131 effi cacy of, 48–49 tooth # 19 and, 140 Bone destruction, severity of periodontal sonic and ultrasonic instruments and, disease and, 140 45 formation of, PDL cell response and, Bone function and structure, 131–132 Callas, 152 100 bone homeostasis, 131 Cancellous bone, 131 periodontal regeneration and, 99 osteoblasts and osteocytes, 131 Cancerlit, 3 removal of, sonic and ultrasonic osteoclasts, 132 Candida albicans, gingivitis and, 11 instruments and, 46

166 Index Centric occlusion Cohen syndrome, 19 mechanical, 51 centric relation and, 55 Cohort studies, 152, 153, 153 root surface, effi cacy of, 49 redefi nition of, 55 Collagen, 99 Deep periodontal pockets, antimicrobial Centric relation, 65 Complete-arch splinting, 60 administration and, 71 centric occlusion and, 55 Complete dentures, articulators and Defect identifi cation/measurement, redefi nition of, 55, 56 rehabilitation with, 64–65 osseous resective surgery and, Ceramics, synthetic, 99 Comprehensive Smoking Index, 27 81 Cervical root resorption, 22 Condylar guidances, articulators and, Deformities/conditions Chance, in scientifi c study, 156–157 64 developmental or acquired, 22–23 Chediak-Higashi syndrome, 18, 25 Condyles, centric relation and, 55, 56 mucogingival, 22 Chelitis, in HIV patients, 12 Confounds, in scientifi c study, 156–157 mucogingival on edentulous ridge, Chemical injuries, gingival reactions to, Consent process, institutional review 23 13 boards and, 157 , 23 Chemoprophylaxis, antimicrobial, 72 Consolidated Standards for Reporting tooth-related anatomic factors, 22 Chewing gum additives, allergic Trials (CONSORT), 69–70 Degranulation, osseous resective reactions to, 13 Contact osteogenesis, distance surgery and, 81 Chewing strokes, anterior disclusion osteogenesis vs., 133 Deinzer, R., 30 and, 58 Continuous data, 159 Demineralized freeze-dried bone Chickenpox, gingivitis and, 11 Coping behavioral training, 39 allograft, 104 , gingival reactions to, 13 Corrective phase, supportive periodontal Dental implants Chlorhexidine chip, 72 therapy, 121 bone function and structure, Chlorhexidine rinse, 128, 129 Cortical bone, 131 131–132 , 14–15 healing of, after implant placement, BMUs, 132 antimicrobial administration and, 70 132 bone homeostasis, 131 characteristics of, 14–15 Craters, 84 osteoblasts and osteocytes, 131 defi ned, 14, 144 Crestal bone height, normal, 135 osteoclasts, 132 in 45-year-old patient, 15 CRFs. See Case report forms bone healing following placement of, further classifi cation of, 15 Critical Appraisal Skills Program (Oxford 132 indications for, in periodontology, 72, University), 5 correlation of insertion torque values 72t Cronbach’s Alpha, 156 and failure rates of immediate therapy for, 15 Cross-sectional studies, 152, 153 nonocclusal load implants, 129t CINAHL, 150 Crown lengthening, 82, 82 infl ammation and bone healing Cindamycin, 16 pre-surgical probing for, 85 around, 131–135 Ciprofl oxacin, 16 Crowns infl ammatory bone loss around Citations and citation management, with poor biomechanics, 62 integrated implant, 133–135 151–152 root resection therapy and precision rhBMP-2 and use around, 107 Class I furcation, lower right fi rst molar of, 94 Dental implants therapy, 127–130 with, 93 splinting of, 59, 60 aim of, 127 Class II furcation, 90 Cugini, M. A., 47 evidence-based outcomes, 127–130 Class II lingual furcation, detection of, at Curettes antibiotherapy and implant failures, lower left fi rst molar, 94 contrast between sharp tip of sickle 128–129 Class III furcation defect, radiographic scaler and rounded toe of, 44 dental implant placement: and clinical documentation of, 95 types of, 43 immediate, immediate delayed, or Clinical attachment level Current best evidence, 3 conventional delayed, 128, 128t assessing surgical vs. non-surgical Cyclic neutropenia, 18 loading of implants, 129–130 therapy for, 118 Cyclosporine-A-induced gingival root canal therapy, fi xed partial guided tissue regeneration and, 102 enlargement, 10 denture, or implant-supported Clinical practice, appraisal results crown, 127–128 applied to, 4 D failure rate comparison between Clinical problem, translating into a Data, study-related immediate, immediate delayed, question, 3 analysis of, 158–159 and delayed implants, 128t Clinical trials, 152, 153, 158 compilation of, 158 indications for, 127 Cluster sampling strategies, 154 presentation of, 159–160, 162–163 overview, 127 Cobb, C. M., 47 Database searching, for best evidence, -induced gingival diseases, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled 3–4 7–10 Trials, 150 Data safety and monitoring boards, 157 bloody dyscrasias-associated, 9 Cochrane Database of Systematic Data safety committees, 157 characteristics of, 7 Reviews, 150 , 43 diabetes-mellitus-associated, 8–9 Cochrane Oral Health Group, 3, 4 antimicrobial administration and, 70 endocrine system and, 7–8 Coe-pack, 83 full-mouth, 49–50 malnutrition and, 10

Index 167 Dental plaque-induced gingival diseases Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, 19 nicotine replacement products, 37 (continued) Electrolysis, 132 problems related to introduction of, 5 medications and, 9–10 Electronic databases, search strategies amount of evidence, 5 pregnancy-associated, 8 and, 150–151 dissemination of evidence, 5 Dental restorations, deformities related Eliot, G. M., 78 practice based on authority rather to, 22 EMD. See than on evidence, 5 Dental restorative materials, allergic EMP. See Enamel matrix proteins quality of evidence, 5 reactions to, 13 Enamel matrix derivative, 102, 103 Evidence-based practice, 3 Dentistry, as healing art, 147 Enamel matrix proteins, 99, 102–103 Evidence pyramid, 153 Depression-related periodontitis, 39 Enamel pearl projections, 22, 88 Evidence tables, 147 Descriptive statistics, 159 Endocarditis, antibiotics and, 129 Exclusion criteria, scientifi c paper, 154 common types of, 160t Endocrine system, gingivitis associated Expanded polytetrafl uoroethylene, 107, Descriptive studies, 152 with, 7–8 109 DFDBA. See Demineralized freeze-dried Endodontic lesion, periodontitis Experimental studies, 152 bone allograft associated with, 21–22 Expert opinions, 147 Diabetes/diabetes mellitus, 39 Endotoxin removal, 50 Explanatory studies, 152 gingivitis associated with, 8–9 Envelope of function, fi ne motor control Exploding, in database research, 151 peri-implantitis and, 133 of, 62 External validity, 156, 157 periodontal disease and, 26, 28–29 Epithelium, exclusion of, guided tissue Extraction, complete mouth, 55 periodontitis and, 121 regeneration and, 100 Extramural funds, 163 radiographic images of 46-year-old ePTFE. See Expanded female patient with, 30 polytetrafl uoroethylene F Diamond course round bur, 81, 81, 82 Equivalency reliability, 156 Familial cyclic neutropenia, periodontitis Diet, periodontal disease in Napoleon’s Erpenstein, H., 93 and, 18 grand army and, 145 Error, reducing, 153 FDBA. See Freeze-dried bone allograft Diffi cult anatomy, access to base of, Erythema multiforme, gingival disease Feres, M., 96 45–46 and, 13 Fiber post, 94 Diltiazem, gingival diseases and, 9 Erythematous candidosis, gingival Fiber retention osseous resective Discussion section, of scientifi c paper, diseases and, 11 surgery, 84–85 162 Esposito, M., 128, 129 Filtration, 4 Dissertations, 147 Ethical issues, 4–5 Fixed implant-supported restorations, Distance osteogenesis, contact European Federation of Periodontology, 60, 62, 64 osteogenesis vs., 133 69 Fixed partial denture, tooth extraction Disto-buccal roots, dehiscence at, 79 Evaluations, of application steps and dilemma and, 127–128, 128t Donnenfeld, O., 86 outcomes, 4–5 Fixed prosthodontics Double-blinding, 157 Evidence articulators and rehabilitation with, Down syndrome, periodontal disease amount of, 5 64–65 and, 18, 25 critical appraisal of, 4 occlusal concepts for, 57–58 Doxycycline dissemination of, 5 Flap adaptation, guided tissue gel, 72 fi nding and making sense of, 5 regeneration and, 100 localized aggressive periodontitis and, good, 5 Flap design, osseous resective surgery 15 hierarchy of, 153 and, 80–81 Drop-outs, in prospective clinical trials, practice based on authority rather Flap surgery, assessing, 118 157 than, 5 Fleischer, H. C., 49 Drug-infl uenced gingival diseases, 9–10 quality of, 5 Focusing, in database research, 151 Dry mandible, back action used in, 82 sound, 5 Foods, allergic reactions to, 13 DSCs. See Data safety committees Evidence-based dentistry, 3 Foreign body reactions, gingiva and, 14 DSMB. See Data safety and monitoring advantages of, 5 Forsyth Institute, 70 boards components of, 3–5 FPD. See Fixed partial denture Dunning, J. M., 140 appraisal results applied to clinical Frank, Joseph, 137 practice, 4 Freeze-dried bone allograft, 110 E critically appraising evidence, 4 Friedman, N., 79, 80 Early onset periodontitis. See Aggressive effectively searching for best Full-mouth debridement, 49–50 periodontitis evidence, 3–4 Funding, for biomedical research, 163 EBD. See Evidence-based dentistry evaluating application step and Fungal infections, gingivitis and, 11 EBP. See Evidence-based practice outcomes, 4–5 Furcated molars, treatment with Eckert, S. E., 62 translating clinical problem into a resective techniques, 88–96 Edentulous ridge, mucogingival question, 3 Furcation deformities/conditions on, 23 evolution of term, 3 Class I, 93 Editorials, 153 importance of, 87 Class II, 90, 94, 95

168 Index identifying and measuring at fl ap gingival manifestations of systemic H elevation, 90 conditions, 12–13 HAART. See Highly active antiretroviral Furcation involvement traumatic lesions, 13–14 therapy classifi cation of, 88–89 Gingival fi bromatosis, 12, 12 Haffajee, A. D., 69, 70, 71 ability to remove calculus, 88 Gingival Index, 154 Hairy leukoplakia, in HIV patients, 12 accessory pulp canals, 88–89 Hamp, S. E., 88, 93 enamel pearl projections, 88 biological factors related to, 22 Handle, for scalers, 43, 44 intermediate bifurcational ridge, 88 etiologic factors related to, 22 Hanes, P. J., 72 molar root anatomy, 88 soft tissue, 22 Hatsukami, D. K., 34 Furcation lesions, challenges with, 88 Gingivitis Hawthorne-type effects, 156 subspecies, localized, 8 Health Insurance Portability and 48 maxillary generalized moderate Accountability Act, 157 Fusospirochetes gingivitis, 19 gingivitis, following braces Heckmann, S. M., 133 placement, 8 Heitz-Mayfi eld, L. J., 115 G signs and symptoms of, 7 Hematological disorders, periodontitis as Gargiulo, 140, 144 Glossary of Periodontal Terms, 79 manifestation of, 18 Gender, periodontal diagnosis and, 26 Glossary of Prosthodontic Terms, 55 Hemisection, 89, 90–94, 96 Generalizability, 148 Glucoseaminoglycan (GAG) copolymer, Hereditary gingival fi bromatosis, 12, 12 Generalized aggressive periodontitis, 99 Herpangina, gingivitis and, 11 15–16 Glycogen storage disease, 19 Herpesvirus infection, gingivitis and, 11 amount and severity of alveolar bone Gonorrhea, gingival lesions and, 10 Herrera, D., 69, 70, 71 loss in 18-year-old patient, 18 Gracey curette, 43, 49 Hierarchy of evidence, 153 in 18-year-old patient, 18 key differences in blade design Highly active antiretroviral therapy, 31 Gene therapy, bone tissue engineering between, 45 HIPAA. See Health Insurance Portability and, 109 root surface smoothness and, 49 and Accountability Act Genetic-origin gingival lesions, 12 Gracey scalers, series of, 44 Histiocytosis syndrome, 19 Genetics, Genomics, and Proteomics Grafting, regeneration associated with, Histoplasma capsulatum, 12 Databases, 150 99 Histoplasmosis, 12 Genetic susceptibility testing, practical Grafting alone procedures, 99 HIV, 12 application of, 25–26 Graft material, periodontal tissue gingivitis and, 12 Gentle scaling, 50 regeneration and choice of, 102 periodontal diseases and, 30–31 Geramy, A., 63, 64 Grant applications, 147–148 HIV-positive patients Gher, M. E., 88 Grooving, 81 acute necrotizing ulcerative GI. See Gingival Index Group function, 57 periodontitis in, 19 Gibbs, C. H., 58, 64 anterior disclusion and, 58–59 necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis in, Gingevectomy, 9 unilateral balance or, 57 71 Gingival abscesses, 20 Group function occlusion, 66 Hormonal gingivitis, 8 Gingival candidosis Growth factors, periodontal regeneration Hormone replacement therapy, post- acute types of, 11 with, 99 menopausal gingivitis and, 8 chronic types of, 11–12 Growth factor stimulated regeneration, Hoshaw, S. J., 132 Gingival crevicular fl uid, antibiotic 99 Hoskins, S. W., 88 regimens and, 72 Guided tissue regeneration (GTR), 99, Hou, G. L., 88 Gingival diseases, 7–14 100, 102 Humans, as research subjects, 147, dental plaque-induced, 7–10 antimicrobial administration and, 71 157 diabetes-mellitus-associated, 9 around immediate molar implant Hydrochloric tetracycline, 71 gingival diseases modifi ed by placement, 110 Hydroxyapatite, coating with, 132 medications, 9–10 concepts related to, 100 Hyperplasic candidosis gingival diseases modifi ed by enamel matrix proteins and, 103 gingival diseases and, 11 systemic factors, 7–8 extraction and ridge augmentation in in HIV patients, 12 gingivitis associated with dental anterior maxilla with bone graft Hypophosphatasia, 19 plaque only, 7 and resorbable membrane by, Hypotheses, 149–150 malnutrition and, 10 101–102 examples of, using PICO format, 150, pregnancy-associated, 8 factors important in outcome for, 100 150t non-dental-plaque-induced gingival postoperative care, 102 steps in development of, 149 lesions, 10–14 on upper left lateral incisor site with gingival diseases of fungal origin, 11 recombinant human bone I gingival diseases of viral origin, 11 morphogenic protein-2, 108 IACUCs. See Institutional animal care gingival lesions of genetic origin, 12 on upper right posterior sextant with and use committees gingival lesions of specifi c bacterial recombinant human platelet- Immediate loading of implants, success origin, 10–11 derived growth factor, 106 of, 129, 129t

Index 169 Immediate nonocclusion loading, Investigator bias, 156 Localized juvenile periodontitis, correlation of insertion torque In vitro research, 153 systematic administration of values and failure rates of, 129t In vitro research subjects, 147 antimicrobials and, 70 Immunosuppressants, gingival diseases IRBs. See Institutional review boards Loe, H., 43, 154 and, 9 ISC. See Implant-supported crown Longitudinal studies, 152, 153 Implant failures, antibiotherapy and Loss to follow-up bias, 156 prevention of, 128–129 J Lundeen, H. C., 58, 64 Implant placement Jacobs, R., 62 Lupus erythematosus, gingival disease bone healing after, 132 Jordan, R. A., 31 and, 13 immediate, immediate delayed, or Justice principle, 157 conventional delayed, 128, 128t M Implants. See also Dental implants; K Machined implant surfaces, textured Dental implants therapy Kaldahl, W., 87 implant surfaces vs., 132 fracture of, 62 Kappa statistic, 156 Maintenance therapy, 121 loaded, 129–130 Karposi’s sarcoma, 12, 31 Majzoub, Z., 92 Implant-supported artifi cial occlusion, Kelly, J. E., 145 Malnutrition, gingival diseases modifi ed 60, 62, 64 Keratinized gingiva, lack of, 22–23 by, 10 fi xed implant-supported restorations, Knowles, J., 87 Malocclusion, 58 60, 62, 64 Koidis, P. T., 127 Malpositioned tooth, 22 implant-supported removable Kon, S., 91 Mandible prosthodontics, 64 Kotylar, M., 34 in central relation, 56 Implant-supported crown, tooth in centric relation, 55 extraction dilemma and, 127– L Mandibular edentulous ridges, resorbed, 128, 128t Laboratory safety, 158 61 Implant-supported removable LADS. See Leukocyte adhesion Mandibular fl exure, complete-arch prosthodontics, 64 defi ciency syndrome splinting and, 60 Inclusion criteria, scientifi c paper, 154 Langer, A., 65 Mandibular furcated molars, root Incorporating Cancer Clinical Trials into Langer, B., 92 separation and, 92 Your Practice, 158 Lasers, 43 Mandibular implant-supported fi xed Infantile generalized agranulocytosis, 19 Lateral window maxillary sinus prostheses, occlusion of, with Inferential statistics, 159 augmentation procedure, 105 maxillary implant-supported common types of, 160t Leach, L. B., 140 overdenture, 67 Initial phase, supportive periodontal Ledging, 82 Mandibular molars, root resection for, therapy, 121 Leukemia-associated gingivitis, 9 92 Insertion torque values, correlation of, Leukemias, 18 Mandibular single molar, fi nite element and failure rates of immediate Leukocyte adhesion defi ciency analysis of, 63 nonocclusal load implants, 129t syndrome, 18, 25 Manual scalers, 43–44, 50 Institutional review boards, 157 Lichen planus, gingival manifestations Masters, D. H., 88 Instrument selection, 50 of, 12, 12 Mastication, balanced articulation and, Insulin, 28 Limits, on database search topics, 151 55 Insulin-like growth factor-I, synergistic Lindeboom, J. A., 129 Material safety data sheets, 158 effect of platelet-derived growth Lindhe, J., 50 Mature bone, components of, 131 factor and, 103 , 12 Maxillary edentulous ridges, resorbed, Intent-to-treat analysis, 157 Lingual approach, in osseous resective 61 Interferon-beta, 134 surgery, 83 Maxillary generalized moderate gingivitis, Interleukin-1 beta, 25 Lingualized occlusion, 57, 57, 64, 67 8 Intermediate bifurcational ridge, 88 cross-arch balance, but no cross- Maxillary implant-supported overdenture, Internal reliability, 156 tooth balance with, 57 occlusion of, with mandibular Internal validity, 156 Lingual osteoplasty, 84 implant-supported fi xed Interproximal bone anatomy, 78 Lipoxins, 135 prostheses, 67 Interproximal bone peaks, 77 Listgarten, M. A., 145 Maxillary incisors, massive bone and Interproximal bone septum, from Literature, summarizing, 151 attachment loss of, in 37-year-old monkey, histologic specimen Literature search process, 150–151 female patient, 118, 119 from, 79 LJP. See Localized juvenile Maximum intercuspal position, 55, Interrater reliability, 156 periodontitis 58–59, 66 Interval scale, 159 Loaded implants, 129–130 McDevitt, W. E., 55 Interventional studies, 152 Local delivery antimicrobial systems, M-CSF. See Monocyte colony Intramural funds, 163 advantages of, 74t stimulating factor Introduction section, of original reports, Localized aggressive periodontitis, 15 Mechanical approach, transition from 149 in 15-year-old, 16 biomechanical approach to, 66

170 Index Mechanical debridement, at core of Mucocutaneous disorders, gingival mean distance for every probing periodontal therapy, 115 manifestations of, 12 point around teeth # 3, 9, 12, 19, Medical subject headings, 151 Mucogingival deformities/conditions, 22 25, and 28, 142t Medications, gingival diseases modifi ed Multi-rooted teeth, effectiveness of number of sites with bone by, 9–10, 10 of, resorption and increase in age, MEDLINE, 3, 150, 151 48–49 143 Membrane adaptation, guided tissue Mutually protected occlusion, 64 tartar observed: correlated with age regeneration and, 100 and bone loss, 143 Menstrual-cycle-associated gingivitis, 8 N Narrative reviews, 147 Mercury, allergic reactions to, 13 Nanotechnology, fl ow of gingival National Health and Nutrition Survey, 33 Mesenchymal tissue, osteoblasts and, crevicular fl uid and, 72 National Library of Medicine, 150, 151 131 Napoleon Bonaparte, 137 Natural platelet-derived growth factor, MeSH. See Medical subject headings Napoleon’s grand army study 103 Mesial root, vertical fracture of, 93 demographics, 137 Natural teeth Mesial root anatomy, complexity of, 92 discussion of periodontal approach differences in displaceability of, 63 Mesio-buccal root via measurement of alveolar masticatory function of, 66 isolating and extracting, 91 bone, 143–145 retaining, advantages of, 127 resected, maxillary fi rst molar with, 92 distribution of sample by age Necrotizing periodontal disease, 19–20 Meta-analysis, 147, 153, 153 categories, 138t Necrotizing periodontitis, indications for, Metabolic control, periodontal status erosion caused by acid sediments, in periodontology, 72, 72t and, 37, 39 right and left side comparisons, Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis Methods section, of scientifi c paper, 139 antibiotic regimens for, 74t 154 failed Russian campaign and, 137 antimicrobial administration and, 71 Metronidazole, 16, 20, 71 forensic evaluation, 137–145 clinical characteristics, epidemiologic MI. See Motivational interviewing identifi cation of skeleton after and etiologic factors related to, Michman, J., 65 exhumation, 138 19 Microbiological testing, practical individuals selected for periodontal indications for, in periodontology, 72, application of, 27 study, 138 72t Micro-motion materials and method, 137–140 Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis, 19 importance of, in implant data collection, 137–138 antimicrobial administration and, 71 prosthodontics, 62, 64 evaluation methodology for in 26-year-old HIV-positive male, 31 osseointegrated oral implants and, periodontal pathology, 139–140 Needleman, I., 123–124 129 general characteristics of sample Neisseria-gonorrhea-associated lesions, Minimal ostectomy, 84 group, 138–139 10 Minocycline gel, 72 measurement of tartar deposits, Neutropenia Minocycline in microspheres, 72 140 acquired, 18 MIP. See Maximum intercuspal position reminder of periodontal anatomy, cyclic, 18 Moghaddas, H., 86 140 New attachment, guided tissue Molar area, histologic view of block special characteristics of sample regeneration and, 100 section taken from non-human group, 139 Newesely, H., 132 primate at, 79 post-mortem extraction; ante-mortem NHANES. See National Health and Molar furcation, width entrances, 49 extraction and entire tooth/socket Nutrition Examination Survey Molar implant placement, immediate, section missing, 139 NHSEED, 3 guided tissue regeneration results Nickel, allergic reactions to, 13 around, 110–111 average distance CEJ/alveolar bone Nicotine replacement products, types of, Molar root anatomy, resective crest according to teeth, 141 37 techniques and, 88 average distance CEJ/alveolar bone Nicotine replacement therapy, 34 Monocyte colony stimulating factor, 132 crest at each of six measurement recommendations for use of, 38 Morgano, S. M., 63, 64 points, 141, 143 Nifedipine, gingival diseases and, 9 Moskow, B. S., 88 average distance CEJ/alveolar bone NLM. See National Library of Medicine Motivational interviewing, 32 crest per individual, 141 Nominal data, 159 Mouth breathing, puberty-associated classifi cation of individuals Nominal scale, 159 gingivitis and, 7, 8 according to mean CEJ/alveolar Non-dental-plaque-induced gingival Mouth extraction, 55 bone crest distance, 142 lesions, 10–14 Mouthwashes distance CEJ/alveolar bone crest Non-parameteric data, 160t allergic reactions to, 13 per age category, 143, 143t Nonrandomized clinical trials, 152 antiseptic, 71 identifi cation of periodontitis, 143 Nonsteroidal antiinfl ammatory drugs, MSDS. See Material safety data sheets mean CEJ/alveolar bone crest 135 Mucocutaneous candidosis, gingival distance for each observed tooth, nPDGF. See Natural platelet-derived diseases and, 11 142t growth factor

Index 171 NRT. See Nicotine replacement therapy Oral-health-related quality of life, Papillon Lefevre syndrome, 18, 25 NSAIDs. See Nonsteroidal periodontal therapy goals and, Parametric data, 160t antiinfl ammatory drugs 117 Partial dentures, transitional, 129 NUG. See Necrotizing ulcerative Oral herpes, recurrent, gingivitis and, 11 Payne, S. H., 57 gingivitis PDGF. See Platelet-derived growth Number properties, statistical tests and, aids, 33 factor 159 insuffi cient, 27 PDGF-A, 109 NUP. See Necrotizing ulcerative motivation assessment, 33 PDGF-AA, 103 periodontitis Oral hygiene instruction, 123, 125 PDGF-B, 109 Nutrition, periodontal health and, PMPR combined with, 124 PDGF-BB, 103 31–32 Oral prophylaxis, 124 PDL. See Periodontal ligament Ordinal scale, 159 Pemphigoid, gingival manifestations of, O Original reports, 147 12–13 OARS pathway, 32 basic format of research process Pemphigus vulgaris, gingival disease Observational studies, 152 refl ected in, 148–149 and, 13 Occlusal contacts, sensation generated increased publication of, 150 Penicillin, 71 from natural teeth vs. sensation introduction section of, 149 Peptostreptococcus micros, treatment generated from, 62, 66 Orthodontic treatment, puberty- of, 16 Occlusal stability, ensuring, 66, 67 associated gingivitis and, 7–8 Pericoronaritis, 20 Occlusal trauma, 23 Ortman, H. R., 64 Peri-implant bone loss, 135 Occlusion, 55–67 Osborn, J. F., 132 Peri-implantitis anterior disclusion and group function, Osseointegrated oral implants, factors antibiotic regimens for, 74t 58–59 related to success of, 129 antimicrobial administration and, 71 articulators, 64–65 Osseointegration, loss of, 62, 62 indications for, in periodontology, 72, rehabilitation with complete Osseous re-contouring results, 84 72t dentures, 65 Osseous resective surgery precipitating causes of, 133 rehabilitation with fi xed defi ned, 77 Periochip, 74 prosthodontics, 64–65 evidence-based outcomes and, Periodontal abscesses, 20 author views/comments, 65–66 87–88 antibiotic regimens for, 74t balanced articulation, 55, 57 goal of, 77 clinical features of and factors centric relation and centric occlusion, histologic effect on, 86 associated with, 20 55 principles of, 79–80 palatal of tooth number 15, 20 implant-supported artifi cial occlusion, Osseous resective surgery kit, 82 therapy for, 20 60, 62, 64 Ostectomy, 82 Periodontal bone resorption, causes of, fi xed implant-supported Osteoblast growth and differentiation, 133 restorations, 60, 62, 64 periodontal regeneration and, , antimicrobial implant-supported prosthodontics 102 administration and, 72 (overdentures), 64 Osteoblasts, 99, 131, 132 Periodontal disease. See also lingualized, 57, 57, 64, 67 Osteoclasts, 132 Periodontitis mutually protected, with lateral canine Osteocytes, 131, 132 bacteria as etiologic agents of, 69 guidance, 58 Osteogenic materials, 99 interplay of modifi able and non- occlusal concepts for fi xed Osteoinductive materials, 99 modifi able risk factors with prosthodontics, 57–58 Osteoplasty/ostectomy, osseous pathogenesis of, 26 splinting, 59–60 resective surgery and, 81 successful treatment of, 77 Ochsenbein chisel, 82 Osteoporosis, 26 Periodontal disease classifi cations, Odontoplasty, tunnelization and, 96 Osteoprotegrin, 132, 134 7–23 OHG. See Cochrane Oral Health Ottoni, J. M., 129 aggressive periodontitis, 15–17 Group Outcomes, evaluating, 4–5 chronic periodontitis: adult OHI. See Oral hygiene instruction periodontitis, 14–15 Open fl ap debridement, forest plot of P developmental or acquired deformities studies investigating differences Palatal approach, classifi cations within, and conditions, 22–23 between scaling, root planing in osseous resective surgery, 83 gingival diseases, 7–14 and, for pocket depth change, Palatal fl ap, 85–86 necrotizing periodontal disease, 19–20 116 Palatal/lingual bone architecture, 78 periodontal abscess, 20 Open proximal contacts, 22 Palatal thinned fl ap, properly outlined, periodontitis as manifestation of OPG. See Osteoprotegrin 86 systemic diseases, 18–19 OPG/RANKL/RANK axis, infl ammatory, Palato-gingival grooves, 22 periodontitis associated with 133 Paolantonio, M., 132 endodontic lesion, 21–22 Oral contraceptives, gingival diseases Papapanou, P. N., 144 Periodontal disease progression, and, 9–10, 10 Papers, 147 representation of fi ndings,

172 Index measured in smokers and stress, 29–30 Perio-endo lesion, teeth number 24 and non-smokers, 160, 160, 162 tobacco use, 27–28 25 affected by, 21 Periodontal ligament, periodontal non-modifi able risk factors, 25–27 Periosteum, composition of, 131

regeneration and, 99 age, 26–27 PGE2, 135 Periodontal maintenance, 121 gender, 26 Physical trauma, gingival recessions Periodontal osseous resective surgery, genetic and hereditary factors, 25 and, 14 77–97 practical application of genetic PICO format, hypotheses example author’s views/comments, 97 susceptibility testing, 25–26 using, 150, 150t classifi cation of furcation involvement, risk factor modifi cation, 32–34, 37, 39 Pigeard, A., 145 88–89 behavioral change, 32 Placebo effect, 156 ability to remove calculus, 88 brief motivational interviewing, 32 Placebo groups, 157 accessory pulp canals, 88–89 metabolic control, 37, 39 Placebos, 157 enamel pearl projections, 88 stress reduction therapy, 39 Plaque, 7, 43 intermediate bifurcational ridge, 88 supragingival plaque control, accumulation of, 27 molar root anatomy, 88 32–33 surface smoothness and, 49 effect of surgery on alveolar bone, tobacco use cessation, 33–37 control of, 22 86 Periodontal therapy, goals of, 115, 117 supragingival, 123 evidence-based outcomes, 87–96 Periodontal tissue regeneration, signaling removal of histologic effect of osseous surgery, molecules in, 102 effi cacy, 48–49 86 Periodontitis. See also Aggressive evaluating patient’s effi ciency at, indications and endpoints, 77 periodontitis; Chronic 121 modifi cations to original surgical periodontitis Plasma spray, 132 approach, 83–85 antibiotic regimens for, 74t Platelet-derived growth factor, 99 fi ber retention osseous resective chronic, soldiers of Napoleon’s grand Platelet rich plasma, 99, 105 surgery, 84–85 Army and, 144 PMN. See Polymorphonuclear lingual approach, 83 endodontic lesion-associated, 21–22 leukocytes palatal approach, 83 as manifestation of systemic diseases, PMPR. See Professional mechanical physiologic and pathologic alveolar 18–19 plaque removal bone anatomy, 77–78 genetic disease, 18–19 Pocket depth principles, 78–79 hematological disorders, 18 debridement effectiveness and, 50 resective options, 89–96 Napoleon’s grand Army and guided tissue regeneration and, 102 root amputation, 89–90 identifi cation of, 143 pre-treatment, 48 root resection/separation/ periapical radiograph before treatment summary of, following SRP, 47 hemisection, 90–94 in conjunction with antibiotherapy, Pocket depth change, forest plot of tunnelization, 95, 96 17 studies investigating difference in, soft tissue management, 85–86 periapical radiograph one year after between open fl ap debridement, buccal/facial fl ap, 85 treatment, showing healing of scaling, and root planing at sites palatal fl ap, 85–86 osseous defect, 17 with PPD greater than 6mm, technique, 80–83 periapical radiographs, before and 116 degranulation and root after treatment at one-year Pocket depth reduction, surgical vs. debridement, 81 interval, 17 non-surgical therapy for, 115 fl ap design, 80–81 recurring, root resection therapy Pockets, access to base of, 45–46 identifi cation and measurement of failure and, 92 Polson, A. M., 81 defect, 81 refractory, 16 Polyglycolic acid polymer, 99 osteoplasty/ostectomy, 81–83 surgical vs. non-surgical treatment of, Polylactic acid polymer, 99 suturing, 83 115–120 Polymer polytetrafl uoroethylene, 99 Periodontal pocket depth, author’s views/comments, 115, Polymorphonuclear leukocytes, 18 characteristics of, 117 116, 117–118, 120 Polyunsaturated fatty acids, 134–135 Periodontal pockets, eliminating or evidence-based outcomes, 115 Pontoiero, R., 102 reducing, 99 2-mm distance between ECJ and Porcelain chipping, steep anterior Periodontal regeneration alveolar bone crest as threshold vertical overlap and, 66 achieving, 99 for, 144 , 30, 47, 48 aim of, 99 types, mucogingival antimicrobial administration and, 70 Periodontal risk factors and modifi cation, deformities/conditions and, 23 treatment of, 16 25–39 Periodontology Positive architecture, 94 modifi able risk factors, 27–32 antimicrobial local delivery systems in, defi ned, 77 diabetes mellitus, 28–29 74t in human dry mandible, 78 HIV/AIDS, 30–31 evidence-based indications for Post-menopausal gingivitis, 8 insuffi cient oral hygiene, 27 systemic antibiotics in, 72t Post necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/ nutrition, 31–32 therapeutic planning in, 74 periodontitis oral condition, 19

Index 173 Post-surgical complications, R Regenerative procedures, antibiotics antimicrobial administration and, Radiation safety committees, 158 and, 71 71 Radicular bone removal, 82 Reliability, scientifi c studies and, Power, sampling, sample size and, Ramfjord, S. P., 87, 139, 143 155–156 154–155 Ramseier, C. A., 34 Removable prosthodontics, implant- Power-driven scalers, 44–45, 50 Randomization, importance of, 152, 157 supported, 64 Pregnancy-associated gingivitis, 8 Randomized clinical trials, 69, 152 Repair, guided tissue regeneration and, Preshaw, P. M., 123 Randomized controlled double blind 100 Prevotalla intermedia, treatment of, 16 studies, 153 Repeated-order effects, 156 Primary herpetic gingigostomatitis, 11 Randomized controlled trials, 3–4, 5 Replacement, animal research and, Primary occlusal trauma, 23 RANK, 132, 134 158 Probing depth reduction, antimicrobial RANKL, 132, 134 Reports, general format of, 148 administration and, 72 RANK/OPG axis, 132 Research, defi ned, 148 Probing pocket depth RANK/RANKL axis, infl ammatory, 134 Research Methods Knowledge Base, osseous resective surgery and, 87 Ratio scale, 159 154 smoking and, 123 RCTs. See Randomized clinical trials Research process, algorithm for, 148 surgical vs. non-surgical therapy for, Reattachment, guided tissue Research proposals, 147 118, 120 regeneration and, 100 Research question, 149 tunnelization and, 96 Recall bias, 156 Research reports, 147 Proceedings, for scientifi c conferences, Recall intervals, supportive periodontal Research writing, questions answered 147 therapy and, 121, 123 by, 148 Professional mechanical plaque removal, Recession classifi cation, mucogingival Resolvins, 135 value of, 123–124 deformities/conditions and, 23 Reviews, 147 Profi n Directional System, 43 Recombinant human bone rhBMP-2. See Recombinant human Proposals, general format of, 148 morphogenetic protein-2, 105 bone morphogenetic protein-2 Prosthetic stomatitis, gingival diseases bone regenerative effects of, in Rhesus monkeys, rhBMP-2 studies in, and, 11 preclinical and human studies, 107 Prosthodontics 107 Rheumatoid arthritis, 26 fi xed, occlusal concepts for, 57–58 evaluating application of, in canine rhPDGF. See Recombinant human removable, implant-supported, 64 and nonhuman primate studies, platelet-derived growth factor Protectins, 135 107 Rigor, of study, 156 Proteins, periodontal health and, 32 guided tissue regeneration with, on Risk assessment, supportive therapy Protocols, study-specifi c, 154, 154t upper left lateral incisor site, 108 and, 121–122 PRP. See Platelet rich plasma Recombinant human platelet-derived Risk factor modifi cation, supportive Pseudomembranous candidosis growth factor, 103–105 periodontal therapy and, 121, gingival diseases and, 11 future regenerative therapy with, 109 123 in HIV patients, 12 guided tissue regeneration with, on Roberts, E. W., 132 Pseudomonas aeruginosa, treatment of, upper right posterior sextant, 106 Root amputation, 89–90 16 presence/absence of resorbable Root anatomy and morphology, palatal Psychlit, 3 and, 104–105 fl ap and, 85 PsycINFO, 150 safety and effectiveness of, 104 Root anomalies, 22 PTFE. See Polymer Reduction, animal research and, 158 Root canal therapy polytetrafl uoroethylene Refi nement, animal research and, 158 root perforation or root fracture Puberty-associated gingivitis, 7 Refractory periodontitis, 16 during/after, 21 Publication bias, 157 Regeneration, guided tissue tooth extraction dilemma and, Publication databases, search strategies regeneration and, 100 127–128, 128t and, 150–151 Regenerative periodontal therapy, Root debridement, osseous resective PubMed, 150 99–111 surgery and, 81 PUFA. See Polyunsaturated fatty acids future of, 105, 107 Root fractures, 22, 92 Pulpodontic-periodontic syndrome, 21 graft material types, 100 (Box 8.1) Root planing, 43, 51 Purvis, J. P., 72 overview, 99–100 changes in clinical endpoints and, 47 Pyogenic granuloma techniques for, 100–105 defi ned, 43 pregnancy-associated, 8 enamel matrix proteins, 102–103 effi cacy of plaque and calculus between teeth number 4 and 5, 9 guided tissue regeneration, 100, removal, 48–49 102 forest plot of studies investigating Q platelet rich plasma, 105 differences between open fl ap Qualitative data, 159 recombinant human platelet-derived debridement, scaling and, for Qualitative structured reviews, 147 growth factor, 103–105 pocket depth change, 116 Quantitative data, 159 signaling molecules in periodontal microbiological changes and, 47–48 Quantitative structured reviews, 147 tissue regeneration, 102 objectives in, 46–47

174 Index one month follow-up demonstrating Scientifi c evidence, dentistry based on, impaired wound healing in female resolution of gingival infl ammation 147 smoker, 29 after, 44 Scientifi c method, 148 in 45-year-old male, 28 root surface smoothness and, 49 Scientifi c paper Smoking, 122, 123 Root prominence, 78 chance, bias, and confounds, peri-implantitis and, 133 Root proximity, 22 156–157 periodontitis and, 121 Root resection, 89, 90–94, 96 citations and citation management, root resection therapy failure and, 92 Root resection therapy 151–152 Smoking cessation therapy, 33–34, 121, demanding nature of, 93–94, 96 conclusion, 163–164 123 three weeks’ healing after, 94 data analysis, 158–159 behavioral support, 34 two months’ healing after, 91 data compilation, 158 pharmacotherapy, 34, 37 Root separation, 89, 90–94, 96 data presentation, 159–160, Smukler, H., 90 Root surface smoothness, 49 162–163 SNP. See Single nucleotide Rubber cup polishing, 124 hierarchy of evidence, 153 polymorphism RUNX2, 131 how to write and read, 147–164 Social Sciences Citation Index, 150 hypothesis, 149–150 Socransky, S., 70 S institutional animal care and use Soft tissue management, 85–86 Sackett, David, 3 committee, 157–158 buccal/facial fl ap, 85 Salinas, T. J., 127 institutional review boards, 157 palatal fl ap, 85–86 Sample size, 154–155 laboratory safety, 158 Software, reference management, Sampling, sample size, power and, original reports refl ecting basic 151–152 154–155 format of research process, Sonic scalers, 43, 44, 45 Sand blasting, 132 148–149 Sonic ultrasonic instruments, surface Scale and polishes, routine, gross cost publication databases and search roughness and cementum of, 125 strategies, 150–151 removal with, 46 Scalers reliability and validity, 155–156 SP. See Scaling and polishing routine clinical endpoints, 45 sampling, sample size, and power, Spearman-Brown Split Half Coeffi cient, design of, 44 154–155 156 manual, 43–44, 50 study designs, 152–153 Splinting, 59–60 manual vs. power-driven, 45 study-specifi c protocols, 154 of implants together, improvement in power-driven, 44–45 summarizing the literature, 151 biomechanics and, 64 sections of, 43, 44 Screw fracture, 62 occlusal interference of one splinted sickle, 43 Screw loosening, 62 crown, 60 sonic, 44, 45 Search terms, 151 unfavorable stresses with, 60 ultrasonic, 50, 51 Secondary occlusal trauma, 23 SPT. See Supportive periodontal Scaling, 43, 46–49, 51 Selection bias, 157 therapy changes in clinical endpoints, 47 Selipsky, H., 83 Stability reliability, 156 defi ned, 43 Seltzer, S., 88 Stahl, S. S., 86 effi cacy of plaque and calculus Semi-adjustable articulator, 64, 65 Staphylococcus, treatment of, 16 removal, 48–49 Semi-circumferential three-wall defect, Statistical analysis, 158–159 forest plot of studies investigating large, around mesio-lingual Stavropoulou, A. F., 127 differences between open fl ap aspect of mandibular fi rst molar, Steroid hormones, gingivitis associated debridement, root planing and, 79 with, 7 for pocket depth change, 116 Serum cholesterol, as surrogate Stomatitis, 10 microbiological changes with, endpoint for intervention, 117 Stratifi ed sampling strategies, 154 47–48 Sexually transmitted diseases, gingival Streptococcal-species-associated objectives in, 46–47 lesions and, 10 lesions, 11 one month follow-up demonstrating Shank, of scalers, 43, 44 Streptococcus species, 48 resolution of gingival infl ammation Sheiham, A., 140 Stress, periodontal disease and, 29–30 after, 44 Shim stock, 63 Stress reduction therapy, 39 root surface smoothness and, 49 Sickle scalers, 43 Striffl er, D. F., 140 Scaling and polishing routine, value of, Siebert, J., 80 Structured reviews, 147 123–124 Signaling molecules, in periodontal Stuart, C. E., 57 Scaling instruments, design advances in, tissue regeneration, 102 Study designs, 152–153 50 Silk sutures, 95 Study-specifi c protocols, 154, 154t Schluger, S., 79 Silness, J., 154 Subgingival microfl ora, antimicrobial Schuyler, C. H., 57 Single nucleotide polymorphism, 25 administration and, 69, 70 Science Citation Index, 150 Sinus augmentation indication, safety of Subgingival plaque/calculus deposits, Scientifi c conferences, proceedings of, rhBMP-2 and, 107 removal of, 123 147 Smoker’s periodontitis Summarizing literature, 151

Index 175 Superman bone fi le, 95 tartar observed, 143 Treponema-pallidum-associated lesions, Supportive periodontal therapy, tartar quantity correlated with age, 10–11 121–125 143 Tsai, C. C., 88 author’s views/comments, 125 Temporary restorations, root resection Tufte, Edward, 160 economic costs and, 125 therapy and, 91–92 Tumor necrosis factor-alpha, 25 evidence-based outcomes, 123–125 Tests of association, 159 Tunkel, J., 45 example of ordinary appointment, 122 Tests of prediction, 159 Tunnelization, 89, 95, 96 (Box 10.1) Tetracycline, localized aggressive Tunnelized lower left fi rst molar, caries indications for, 121 periodontitis and, 15 at, 96 overview, 121 Tetracycline fi bers, 72, 74 Type 1 diabetes mellitus, 9 technique, 121–123 Tetracycline intake, one year post Type 2 diabetes mellitus, 9 measuring baseline values, 122 therapy associated with, 17 recall intervals, duration, and Textured implant surface methods, 132 U setting, 123 Theilade, E., 43 Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis, in HIV risk assessment, 121–122 Thermal trauma, gingival recessions patients, 12 risk factor modifi cation, 123 and, 14 Ultrasonic scalers, 43, 50, 51 treatment considerations, 122 Theses, 147 smaller tip size, 46 Supragingival plaque control, 32–33, Thin knife edge interproximal area, 78 Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts 123 Three-unit partial denture, 59 Submitted to Biomedical Surgical vs. non-surgical methods, for Tobacco use Journals, 151 periodontal disease, systematic cessation, 33–34 Unilateral balance, 57 reviews/meta-analyses on, 115 care pathway for dental practice, group function or, 57 Surrogate outcomes, probing pocket 35 Universal curettes, 43 depth, clinical attachment level history form, 36 key differences in blade design and, 117 journal, 34, 37 between, 45 Suturing, osseous resective surgery and, periodontal disease and, 27–28 83 Tongue piercing V Syphilis, gingival lesions and, 10 lingual gingival recessions due to Validity, scientifi c studies and, 155–156 Systematic reviews, 153, 153 chronic trauma from repeated Van der Weijden, G. A., 47 contact with, 14 van Steenberghe, D., 62 T metallic barbell inserted after, 14 van Winkelhoff, A. J., 70 Tagger, M., 90 Tooth brushing technique, mucogingival Variability measures, 155 Tannerella Forsythensis, 47, 48, 70 deformities/conditions and, 22 Variance, 155 Target lesions, with erythema Tooth extraction dilemma, root canal Varicella-zoster infection, gingivitis and, multiforme, 13 therapy, fi xed partial denture, or 11 Tartar deposit measurements implant-supported crown, Vascular diseases, 26 Napoleon’s grand Army study, 140 127–128 Veillonella parvula, 48 distribution of individuals according Tooth loss Vemino, A. R., 88 to quantity of tartar observed, as tangible endpoint in periodontal Verapamil, gingival diseases and, 9 144 therapy, 117 Vincent’s angina, 19 distribution of individuals in tobacco use and, 27–28 Viral infections, gingivitis caused by, 11 functions of quantity of tartar in Tooth malposition, 22 Vitamin C defi ciency gingivitis, 10 different age categories, 144t Toothpastes, allergic reactions to, 13 Vitamins, periodontal health and, 32 18th and 19th century diet and Torabinejad, 127 military rations and, 145 Toxic reactions, gingival reactions to, 13 W increasing distance ECJ/alveolar TOXLINE, 150 Web of Science databases, 150 bone crest according to tartar TOXNET, 150 Widman fl ap surgery, 87 quantity, 144t Trabecular bone Wilderman, M., 86 presence of average tartar on teeth, composition of, 131 World Workshop in Periodontics, 50 141 healing of, after implant placement, Writing, research and, 148 presence of high tartar on teeth, 132 Writing Center, The (University of 141 Trace metals, periodontal health and, 32 Wisconsin, Madison), 151 presence of low tartar on teeth, Transitional partial dentures, 129 Wylam, J. M., 48, 49 141 Traumatic lesions, 13–14 tartar correlated with bone loss, Trench mouth diseases, 19 X 143 , 47, 70 Xenograft, 99, 100 (box 8.1)

176 Index