International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com Groundwater Quality Assessment & its Suitability by using Remote Sensing & GIS for Domestic & Industrial Use: A Case Study in Shendra MIDC area of (M. S.), India

1Dr. Ashok Tejankar and 2Rohan K. Pathrikar, 1Prof. & Head and 2Research Student, 1,2Department of Geology, Deogiri College, Aurangabad (M.S.), India.

I. INTRODUCTION 5. Quantum and spread of the contamination has been traced out like Ca, Mg, TH, Na, K, HCO3, Cl and SO4 The term Groundwater quality covers a widespread meaning & is are determined using standard methods described by referred by an individual depending on suitability of groundwater APHA (1980), Trivedi (1980) and Goel (1984). for intended use. Water gets polluted due to contamination by 6. Seasonal Variations in groundwater quality were foreign matter such as chemicals, industrial or other wastes or determined and traced. sewage. Disposal of sewage water into fresh water aquifers is the 7. Volume of industrial waste of water discharge and main cause of groundwater pollution in urban area. Hence volume of the protected water where carried out. determination of groundwater quality is important to observe the 8. A hazard due to industrial waste water on human beings suitability of water for particular use. and irrigation crops (plants) was assessed. Due to urbanization and industrialization ground water pollution III. LOCATION AND THE EXTENT continuously increases not only in industrial area but spared into neighboring rural area. So an attempt has been made in this Shendra MIDC area is located in the central part of the region to appreciate the quality and the suitability of shallow and state and lies between 19°52’36.62″ north latitudes deeper groundwater for drinking and irrigation. In order to attend and 75°29′27.63″ east longitudes covering an area of about 5175 this objective, a total of 25 representative water samples were square km. In the present study area falls in Survey of India collected from both boreholes and dug wells; and analyzed for (SOI) toposheet no.47M/5 and selected for study of drainage pH, total dissolved salts, electrical conductivity, total hardness, pattern and geomorphology (Map 1). calcium, magnesium, sodium, chloride, sulphate, & bicarbonate. The suitability of the water from the groundwater sources for drinking purposes was evaluated by comparing the values of different water quality parameters with World Health Organization guideline values for drinking water. A preliminary hydrochemical characterization shows that majority of the samples are exceeding maximum permissible limit given by WHO for drinking water standards. The correlation of the analytical data has been attempted by plotting different graphical representations such as Piper, Wilcox, and US Salinity Laboratory for the classification of water, and results show that all the samples are fit for irrigation. Groundwater quality in Shendra MIDC area is impeded by natural geology and industrial activities, and proper groundwater management strategies are necessary to protect sustainably this valuable resource. II. METHODOLOGY In order to assess the quantum of contamination of groundwater the following methodology has been adopted. 1. The geomorphologic and geological formation of the area has been critically and carefully studied with the Map 1 - Location Map of Study Area view of sources of contamination and direction of the III. CLIMATE AND RAINFALL flow. 2. The hydrogeological survey was carried out to assess The climate of the study area is characterized by a hot summer the groundwater potential and statics of water levels in and a general dryness throughout the year except during the contaminated areas. south west monsoon season, which ranges from June to 3. The systematic water samples were collected in pre- September while October November constitute the post monsoon monsoon and post monsoon in observation sites selected season. The winter season commences towards the end of in area identified as contaminated groundwater. November when temperatures begin to fall rapidly. December is 4. On the basis of data collection, analysis and the coldest month with the mean maximum temperature of 28.9° interpretation was carried out by process suggested by C, while the mean minimum temperature is 10.3°C. From the Hem (1959), IHD-WHO and Gibbs. beginning of March, the daily temperature rises continuously. IJTRD | Sep-Oct 2016 Available [email protected] 360 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com May is the hottest month with the mean maximum temperature of 42.0 °C and the mean minimum temperature of 24.6° C. Winds are generally light to moderate with increase in speed during the latter half of the hot season and in the monsoon season. The winds flow predominantly from directions between west and north during the hot season. They are mostly from directions between south west and northwest during the south west monsoon season. They blow mostly from the directions between northeast and southeast during the rest of the year becoming southwesterly to north westerly in January and February. The normal annual rainfall over the study area is 700 mm. IV. GEOLOGY OF STUDY AREA Shendra MIDC area is underlain by the Deccan Traps of Upper Cretaceous to Eocene age alluvial pockets are observed along the Photo 1 – Deccan Trap Basalt river course. A. Compact Basalts: The entire Shendra MIDC area is of 5175 Sq.km. included in Deccan Trap Volcanic Provinces and comprises of volcanic Compact basalt flows are always thick and extensive having formation. It is characterized by Deccan volcanic Basalt. The tabular forms. The thickness of flow varies from 2 meter to 15 multi layered lava flows are piled one above the other with meter. Thick horizontal, layer of compact basalt flow Cleary seen horizontal deposition. The lava flows generally can be from long distance in Ajantha hilly ranges and around Shendra differentiated in two units viz. Massive Unit (Non vesicular) and MIDC area. In some flows top surface is hydro-thermally altered vesicular Unit. Vesicular and non vesicular flow unit may purple to green colour which is vesicular or amygdaloidal and alternate with each other at some places. The individual flows are free from jointing. Due to jointing rock has dissected appearance. generally separated by a hydrothermally altered rock, very There may be variation in the pattern of jointing and joint occasionally a red, green or brown colored clay material and is spacing. Joints may be closely spaced or broadly spaced and known as red bole, green bole or brown bole. In general, the area sometimes may not be interconnected. shows step-like-topography or terrace appearance of outcrops. Almost all the Deccan Trap flows are flat with a gradient of 1 to 5 degree. The Deccan Trap covers about 95% of total geographical area of Shendra MIDC area. Late magmatic discordant intrusions of dykes are also observed in study area which plays an important role in the movement of groundwater.

Age Formation Lithology

Recent Soil Black Cotton Soil, kankar Alluvium comprising sand Pleistocene Alluvium silt, Boulders and pebbles Alternate Layers of massive Upper And vesicular basalt, red Cretaceous to Deccan Trap B. Amygdaloidal Basalt: boles, lateritic and inter Lower Eocene Trappean On the basis of the thickness and lateral extent amygdaloidal basalt flows are mainly grouped into two categories viz. Thin irregular amygdaloidal basalt flows. It having maximum Deccan Trap: thickness upto 6 meters and lateral extent upto few kilometers Deccan Trap basalts are heterogeneous known to be and Thicker amygdaloidal basalt flows having thickness upto 100 monotonously uniform volcanic rocks. The lava responsible for meters and lateral extent upto few kilometers and average their formation issued through long narrow fissures or cracks in thickness between 10 to 20 meters. Amygdaloidal basalts are un- the earth’s crust. The lavas spread out far and wide as nearly jointed when fresh. Sometimes these flows weathered down due horizontal sheets forming piles of different types of basaltic to groundwater percolation in which jointing is developed in both flows. type of the flows. Four major types of flows constitute the Shendra MIDC area is C. Vesicular Basalt: 1. Compact Basalts In the Deccan Traps vesicular basalts are rare as most of them 2. Amygdaloidal Basalt have been converted into amygdaloidal basalts by the filling of 3. Vesicular Basalt vesicles by secondary mineral. True vesicular basalts with open 4. Tachylytic Basalt (Red bole) gas cavities are rare and the amygdaloidal basalt is widespread. IJTRD | Sep-Oct 2016 Available [email protected] 361 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com As the vesicular basalt is unjointed fresh and compact they are layer and jointed compact basalt and weathered Amygdaloidal quite impervious. basalt act as a unconfined configuration. D. Tachylytic Basalts: In the trappean terrain, soil cum weathered zone, fractured and jointed trap and the vesicular and zeolitic basalt act as important Tachylytic basalts are basaltic glass formed due to rapid cooling water bearing horizons. The notable explorations in this regard and chilling of the lava. It has very much closely spaced mutually are as follows: perpendicular with three sets of joints. Tachylytic basalts have different shades of colour, such as red, green, brown and black. 1. Massive basalt is generally very compact, and poorly However, red color is very common. They occur as thin band and permeable. Productive horizontal only when they are pockets and lenses between the lava flows and also as irregular, weathered and highly jointed. thin intrusion in the top portion of the flow, when Tachylytic 2. Vesicular basalt is potential aquifers in the area where bands occur between the flows their thickness varies from a few vesicles are open and interconnected and occur at centimeters to sometimes upto 3 m. The peculiarity of the shallow depth. Tachylytic basalts is that, in confined condition, below the cover 3. Red bole acts as marker horizon. It is impermeable, 0.5 of rock, it occurs as quite hard, red colour rock. But only on to 1m in thickness, comprises of ferruginous clay and exposure to atmospheric conditions, it disintegrates and crumples inhabits movement of groundwater. into powder like material due to opening of joints, hence on Ground Water Quality surface red colour soil occur. In order to achieve the objects of the study through light on overall picture of the groundwater pollution status 88 groundwater samples of Dugwells and borewells have been collected from pre and post monsoon period for the years 2011 and 2012. The groundwater samples were analyzed and interpreted to assess the groundwater pollution. The thematic maps have been prepared, it shows that the variation in groundwater pollution, change in percentage of major parameters. The groundwater quality data is compared with industrial areas hydrogeological characteristics and effect of the groundwater pollution with non-industrial areas.

Photo 3 – Red Tachylytic Basalt Flow Groundwater Occurrence: The occurrence and movement of groundwater is governed by types of rock topography, slope, lithology, geological structures, hydrogeology fractured system, weathered zone thickness, drainage pattern, land forms, land use and climatic parameters. Massive basalts with their weathered material along with the jointed and fractured zones and the vesicular basalts with their interconnected vesicles together form the water bearing domains. Photo 4 - Domestic and Industrial waste in stream of Naregaon The groundwater occurs as water table upto 50 unconfined Industrial Area condition upto a depth of 30m. Below 30m depth, it occurs under both semi confined and confined condition where thick layer of massive basalt overlying the vesicular basalt, acts as a confining

Groundwater Analysis Data of Bore well and Dug well samples of Shendra MIDC Industrial Area From the period of January 2011 to May 2012 (Pre Monsoon)

Sr. No. Location/Village Source pH TH Ca Mg HCO3 Cl SO4 EC TDS mg/l mg/l mg/l ppm mg/l ppm µmoh/sec mg/l 1 Shendra MIDC BW 7.8 612 108.3 83 229 192 220 1084 704.6 2 Shendra mangir DW 7.9 952 239.5 86 245 235 231 2050 1332.5 3 Shendra mangir BW 7.9 660 162.2 62 423 250 234 820 533 4 Shendra MIDC DW 8.6 812 156.9 102 470 135 230 1120 728 5 Shendra road DW 8.1 466 94.5 56 360 163 260 510 331.5

IJTRD | Sep-Oct 2016 Available [email protected] 362 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com 6 Kumbephal BW 7.5 705 165.5 71 450 226 245 382 248.3 7 Zalta DW 7.8 654 57.7 124 271 181 240 415 269.75 8 Beed bypass wakhar DW 8.6 679 153.1 72 380 192 28 510 331.5 9 Chikhalthana BW 7.8 629 152.8 60 382 243 260 250 162.5 10 Latif nagar BW 7.5 477 90.5 61 170 151 128 240 156 11 Naregaon BW 8.3 325 62.56 41 290 170 39 1615 1049.75 12 Markaj Darga, Naregaon BW 7.32 216 63.32 14 405 63.2 205 800 520 A S Washg Center, 13 Naregaon BW 6.4 249 64.92 21 420 187 25 1422 924.3 LPG Plant, MIDC, 14 Chikalthana BW 7.44 275 68.93 25 385 158 261 1099 714.35 Misarwadi, behad 15 Jollyboard BW 7.7 200 55.31 15 445 186 31 1392 904.8 Harman Ltd, MIDC, 16 chikalthana BW 7.91 213 50.5 21 410 151 234 915 594.75 17 Lup Ltd, MIDC Chikalthana BW 7.29 232 60.12 20 310 115 212 429 278.85 Wokhard, MIDC, 18 Chikalthana BW 5.88 208 53.7 18 425 192 201 995 646.75 19 Lokseva, Aurangabad BW 6.11 190 65.73 6.4 540 131 33 887 576.55 20 Zhalta Phata, Aurangabad BW 7.79 406 60.5 62 200 130 220 730 474.5 21 Zhalta Phata, Aurangabad DW 8.3 477 90.5 61 170 151 231 1430 929.5 22 Zhalta , Aurangabad BW 7.8 391 65.89 55 200 85.7 234 1009 655.85 23 Zhalta T-Pot, Aurangabad DW 7.7 667 113.83 93 335 128 230 1250 812.5 24 Brandy Colony, Chikalthana BW 7.7 739 144.29 92 260 65.3 260 484 314.6 25 Dhoot Hospital, Chikalthana DW 8.3 637 125.05 79 380 122 245 1240 806 26 Farola, A'bad BW 7.8 654 57.7 124 271 181 120 415 269.75 27 Gut No 72, Farola DW 8.3 655 80.9 110 210 220 108 382 248.3

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Groundwater Analysis Observations of Bore well and Dug well samples of Shendra MIDC Industrial and City Area From the period of June 2012 to December 2012 (Post Monsoon)

Location/Village Source pH TH Ca Mg HCO3 Cl SO4 EC TDS

No

mg/l mg/l mg/l ppm mg/l ppm µmoh/sec mg/l

1 Beed Bypass Road BW 7.5 575 108.2 113.9 380 190 58 1310 851.5

2 Kumbephal, Shendra DW 5.8 343 74.5 65.5 455 160.5 231 2130 1384.5

Behind Temple,

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3 Kumbephal BW 6.3 454 81.8 90.8 510 167.6 59 2560 1664

4 Nala at Kumbephal BW 5.8 682 66.5 150.2 485 144.6 223 1600 1040

5 Kumbephal BW 5.8 597 93.8 122.8 470 136.3 201 1590 1033.5

6 Flyover, Kumbephal BW 6.5 90 48.9 10 285 133.5 281 720 468

Beside highway, Shendra

7 MIDC BW 6.2 109 64.9 10.8 460 110.2 62 1060 689

8 Shendra phata BW 6.6 82 79.4 0.6 210 92.3 239 420 273

9 Wokhart Shendra MIDC BW 5.8 521 72.9 109.3 420 203.1 237 1575 1023.75

10 Shendra MIDC BW 6.3 115 60.1 13.4 380 88 228 427 277.55

Mangirbaba Kaman,

11 Shendra DW 6 104 66.5 9.1 600 229.5 220 1119 727.35

12 Near river, Shendra BW 6.6 317 58.5 63.1 305 42.6 230 346 224.9

13 Akash Hotel, Shendra DW 6 113 57.7 13.5 505 149.1 291 950 617.5

14 Margaonwal, Shendra DW 6.3 142 55.3 21.2 405 65.3 210 615 399.75

15 Pimpalwal, Shendra BW 6.4 146 64.9 19.8 400 55.4 125 513 333.45

16 Kamlapur DW 5.8 380 144.3 57.5 425 49.1 215 3070 1995.5

17 Kamlapur MIDC area BW 6.1 397 32.5 88.9 400 56.8 277 1320 858

18 Sajapur Mosque BW 6 190 112.2 19 415 63.9 264 1490 968.5

19 Ghanegaon BW 5.4 480 384.8 23.2 725 45.4 212 5460 3549

20 Sajapur Behind Mosque DW 6.7 180 152.3 6.8 560 113.6 233 1168 759.2

21 Sajapur Dam DW 6.8 470 108.2 88.3 400 58.2 224 394 256.1

22 Sajapur DW 6.5 320 45.1 67.1 385 86.6 263 527 342.55

23 Ghanegaon DW 6.4 270 120.2 36.5 390 154.8 265 918 596.7

24 Balapur Phata BW 7.5 430 160.3 65.8 260 128 291 1034 672.1

Gandhili Kattta, Shendra

25 MIDC BW 7.3 485 136.3 85.1 280 110.1 215 550 357.5

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Generation of DEM & Slope Map – For the generation of a Contour Map - Contouring is the most common method for DEM, a contour map was processed in ERDAS software to terrain mapping. Contour line connects points of equal elevation, create a continuous raster surface by interpolating the elevation the contour interval represents the vertical distance between values. In the data preparation module, the surfacing was done & contour lines, and the base contour is the contour from which 40 meter spatial resolution DEM was obtained. DEM was further contouring starts. Contour lines are lines drawn on a map processed for topographic analysis of the catchment. connecting points of equal elevation. The contour line represented by the shoreline separates areas that have elevations above sea level from those that have elevations below sea level.

Map 3 – DEM Map of Shendra MIDC area

IJTRD | Sep-Oct 2016 Available [email protected] 366 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com groundwater sample Ca, Mg, Cl, HCO, TDS exceeding the MP limits and the groundwater is not suitable for drinking purposes. For except few samples, where chemical parameters with limit of Indian Standards, particularly in this area basaltic rock impermeable indicate no percolation of Industrial waste, only evaporation takes place in this area and surface water shows high concentration of chemical parameters. 1. GIS based groundwater quality mapping has been carried out with the help of data generated from chemical analysis of water samples collected. 2. Map of contaminated groundwater area, which is along natural stream and river, is prepared. Map 4 – Contour of Shendra MIDC area 3. After studying Geology and Hydrogeology of contaminated Drainage Map – Drainage map was digitized as a line coverage groundwater area, Zone of permeable and impermeable showing the entire stream network. The tributaries of different formation identified by using geohydrological survey, GIS and extents & patterns were digitized from the geo-referenced mosaic Remote sensing data. of toposheets & updated from satellite data. 4. The data is analysed and thematic maps are prepared. 5. After studying thematic maps of polluted groundwater area, due to change in hydrogeological characters, it is observed that in some area along the polluted stream dug well and bore well show occurrence of uncontaminated groundwater but in some area at long distance from groundwater polluted area and even at large distance dug well and bore well also show occurrence of polluted groundwater 6. Spread of polluted groundwater in impermeable Deccan basaltic flows is very less upto impermeable flows only, hence domestic and industrial waste if transported along such impermeable formation of groundwater pollution and wide spread of groundwater pollution may be stopped.

7. From this data it is find out that in Permeable Deccan basaltic Map 5 – Drainage Map of Shendra MIDC area flows groundwater pollution along polluted river/streams is show Chemical Characteristics pollution effect horizontally and vertically after long distance. To prevent this widely distribution of polluted groundwater artificial 1. Total Hardness: The total hardness of groundwater sample cementing required in permeable strata. collected from different industrial area of Shendra MIDC area were found within the range of 82 mg/lit. to 952 mg/lit. 8. The chemical analysis results show that the ground water in According the degree of hardness the water is commonly the study area is alkaline in nature, while the EC and TDS values classified as 150 to 300 mg/lit. and more than 300 mg/lit. show that the ground water in the area is with high percentage hardness consider as very high and not suitable for drinking. then permissible limit of Indian standards. The concentrations of the major ions indicate that among the cations, the concentration 2. HCO3: The HCO3 content in groundwater of Shendra MIDC of magnesium ion is highest followed by calcium and sodium Industrial area, is between 170 ppm to 725 ppm. while among anions, the concentration of chloride ion is highest followed by bicarbonate and sulphate ions. The results also show 3. Chloride: The chloride content in groundwater of Aurangabad that the concentration of nitrate ions in the groundwater is Industrial area is maximum 250 mg/lit. near Mangirbaba temple significant and appearing as major ion. in the area and minimum chloride percentage 42.2 mg/lit. along nala in Shendra MIDC area. Chloride content ranges from 42.6 9. To prevent groundwater pollution due to industrial and mg/lit. to 250 mg/lit. domestic waste along river and streams, geohydrological maps of contaminated area should be prepared for movement of waste 4. Total Dissolve Solvent (TDS): TDS content in groundwater water. of Shendra MIDC Industrial area ranges between 156mg/lit. to 3549mg/lit. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 10. To stop this wide distribution of polluted groundwater the highest desirable and maximum permissible limits of TDS for artificial cementing is required in permeable strata. drinking water are 500 mg/lit. 11. Pollution rate of groundwater is high along the lineament. Drinking Water Quality 12. Ground water quality is adversely affected at many places The analytical results have been evaluated ascertain the due to high concentration of some parameters especially nitrate. suitability of groundwater of the Industrial area for Human consumption, by comparing with the specifications set by the Indian Standards and World Health Organization (WHO). For IJTRD | Sep-Oct 2016 Available [email protected] 367 International Journal of Trend in Research and Development, Volume 3(5), ISSN: 2394-9333 www.ijtrd.com CONCLUSION [2] Kulkarni, S.R., Karmarkar, B.M. and Gupte, R.B., Variations in the nature of Deccan Trap Volcanicity of  Industrial waste and domestic waste major sources of Western Maharashtra in time and space. Memoir Geol. Soc. groundwater contamination were identified in the area. India.3, p. 143-152, 1981.  Map of contaminated groundwater area, which is along [3] Nair K.K.K., A. K. Chatterjee and T. Sano - Stratigraphy stream and river, is prepared. and Geochemistry of the Deccan Basalts along Toranmal  Zone of permeable and impermeable formation was Section, Western Satpura Region, Gondwana Geol. Mag. identified by using geohydrological survey. Spl. Vol. 2, pp 23-48., 1996.  GIS and Remote sensing data is analysed and thematic [4] Nichols, R.L., Flow-units in basalt. J. Geol., 44, p. 617-630, maps are prepared. 1936.  Polluted groundwater spread in impermeable flows is very [5] Oldham, R.D., Manual of the Geology of India, second Ed. less. Government of India, 1893.  Permeable flows show groundwater percolation along [6] A. V. Tejankar: - Impact of geo-hydrological in the polluted river/streams resultant pollution affect horizontally conservation of groundwater reserve in parts of and downward upto long distance. Sindkhedraja Tahsil of .  Ground water from these areas may be used only after [7] A. V. Tejankar, P. S. Kulkarni, Nature of volcanicity in proper treatment or demineralization. Adequate sanitary central part of Deccan Basaltic Terrain of protection to the wells may be provided to control nitrate University, Aurangabad. contamination. [8] A. V. Tejankar, Petro chemistry if Dyke in Toranmal Ghat, Dist. Dhule (M.S.) National Seminar on Exploration Recommendations methods of Natural Resources Dept. of geology Maulana  The sites for domestic waste movement need to be selected Azad Collage Aurangabad 7 & 8 March 1998. only after proper geohydrological investigation. [9] A. V. Tejankar Study of Deccan Trap Flows in Toranmal  Bore-wells generally tap deeper fractures, which may not Ghat Section, Dist. Dhule (M.S.) 2002. be sustainable. [10] Kulkarni P. S. Study of Deccan Trap Basalt Flows in  To prevent groundwater pollution due to industrial and Aurangabad Dist. PhD Thesis, Marathwada University. domestic waste along river and streams identified Aurangabad, 1984. geohydrological characters. [11] Impact of artificial Recharges on Groundwater dynamics  Zone of permeable and impermeable formation should be in Deccan Trap area, Maharashtra State. Prof. A. V. identified and in permeable zone artificial cementing should Tejankar and Priyanka Ghule. be formed to stop percolation of industrial and domestic [12] Effect of Geo-hydrological character on development of waste. water shade and a case studied by Prof. A. V. Tejankar  Implementation of environment laws by Government and [13] Remote Sensing and GIS Study of geo-hydrological Industries should be obligatory to control pollution. character in land slide hazard zonation by N. Jain.  Zone of contaminated groundwater around Shendra MIDC [14] Application of rainfall data water conservation management area, industrial area and in villages should be demarcated. and artificial recharges of draught prone Solapur dist. Maharashtra by Prof. A. V. Tejankar and P. T. Sawant.  The major sources of groundwater pollution like Industrial [15] Groundwater Quality in hard Rock by A. V. Tejankar. waste and domestic waste should be demarcated. [16] Adyalkar P.G. ‘Introduction to groundwater’ Oxford and  Industries should set up their independent effluents IBH publishing Company (India), 2nd Ed, 1976. treatment plants (ETP) or jointly as per norms and should [17] Akram Javed et al., ‘Delineation of groundwater potential remain effectively operational in order to safe guard the zones in Kakund watershed, eastern Rajasthan, using groundwater from pollution. remote sensing and GIS technique’, Journal of geological  Regular groundwater quality monitoring to assess degree of society of India, Vol. 73, February 2009, p. 229-236 activity from time to time and for appropriate management [18] Bhattacharya P.K. (1996) ‘Elements of applied hydrology’, to minimize Industrial pollution. Khanna publ., New Delhi, 226 pp.  Rearrangement of Drainage system after detail geological [19] Central Ground Water Board (1992) Ground water In: and geohydrological survey of Natural stream and river Proc 3rd National Water Convention, , India, pp 21- should be carried out. 29  Lineament study of Industrial area according to that [20] Central Ground Water Board (2007) ‘Report on Ground drainage of waste water arrangement should be done. Water Information, , Maharashtra’, Central  The disposal and treatment of industrial and urban waste Ground Water Board, Ministry of Water Resources, Govt. should be kept away from city and village residential area of India, New Delhi, 21 pp preferably in impervious strata. [21] Central Ground water Board, Groundwater resources and  Environmental awareness programme must be implemented development potential of Jalna district, Maharashtra’ among the masses unto this last. (2011). 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