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BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE QUEROSENE POR Candida Lipolytica EM ÁGUA DO MAR

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BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE QUEROSENE POR Candida Lipolytica EM ÁGUA DO MAR UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DE PERNAMBUCO PRÓ-REITORIA ACADÊMICA COORDENAÇÃO GERAL DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO MESTRADO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO DE PROCESSOS AMBIENTAIS Jupiranan Ferreira da Silva BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE QUEROSENE POR Candida lipolytica UCP EM ÁGUA DO MAR Recife 2012 Jupiranan Ferreira da Silva BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE QUEROSENE POR Candida lipolytica EM ÁGUA DO MAR Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento em Processos Ambientais Universidade Católica de Pernambuco como pré-requisito para obtenção do título de Mestre em Desenvolvimento de Processos Ambientais. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento em Processos Ambientais Linha de Pesquisa: Biotecnologia e Meio Ambiente/ Informática, Modelagem e Controle de Processo Orientadora: Prof. Dra. Clarissa Daisy da Costa Albuquerque Recife/ 2012 i Silva, Jupiranan Ferreira da Biodegradação de Querosene por Candida lipolytica em Água do Mar./ Jupiranan Ferreira da Silva; orientadora Clarissa Daisy da Costa Albuquerque, 2012. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Católica de Pernambuco. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento de Processos Ambientais. 1. Biodegradação. 2. Querosene. 3. Água do mar. 4. Candida lipolytica. 5. Biossurfactante. I. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento de Processos Ambientais. Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia. ii BIODEGRADAÇÃO DE QUEROSENE POR Candida lipolytica EM ÁGUA DO MAR JUPIRANAN FERREIRA DA SILVA Examinadores: ________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª Clarissa Daisy da Costa Albuquerque - Orientadora Universidade Católica de Pernambuco – UNICAP ____________________________________ Profª Drª Kaoru Okada Universidade Católica de Pernambuco – UNICAP _______________________________________ Profª Drª Norma Buarque de Gusmão Universidade Federal de Pernambuco iii A Meus pais Neuma e Ferreira Cada gesto, pensamento ou palavra aqui contido... As alegrias que pude sentir... Todo empenho, esforço e superação... Os sonhos que almejei e realizei... iv Conheces-me bem... Cada pensamento de alegria ou de tristeza, Quer deitada, quer andando ou dormindo, Os sonhos que desejei um dia... Até quando me voltei pra olhar uma segunda vez e chorei! Encontrou-me, me tirou do abismo... Deu-me uma nova vida, algo pelo que buscar, um caminho a seguir, Presenteou-me com amigos, queridos companheiros pro meu coração amar! Repousa em mim Teu conforto, pois encontro em Ti toda paciência e entendimento que preciso... Senhor!!! v AGRADECIMENTOS À minha Orientadora Profª Drª. Clarissa Daisy da Costa Albuquerque, pelos ensinamentos, atenção, compreensão e ética durante o decorrer desse convívio que se iniciou desde o PIBIC; À Coordenadora do curso de Mestrado em Desenvolvimento de Processos Ambientais - MDPA; Profª Drª. Alexandra Amorin Salgueiro pela bondade, paciência, incentivo e aconselhamento; À Coordenadora do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais – NPCIAMB, da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco – UNICAP; Profª Drª Galba Maria de Campos- Takaki pelo exemplo de dedicação e ensinamento transmitido, por disponibilizar as instalações, equipamentos e insumos para o desenvolvimento do meu projeto; Aos pesquisadores do Núcleo de Pesquisa em Ciências Ambientais – NPCIAMB, da Universidade Católica de Pernambuco – UNICAP; Prof.Dr. Carlos Alberto Alves da Silva, Profa.Dra.Aline Elesbão do Nascimento e Profa.Dra. Kaoru Okada pela disponibilidade, atenção, consideração, profissionalismo e bom convívio; Aos funcionários D. Sônia Maria, Sr. Humberto, André Felipe e Charles Francisco que vêem, ouvem e sabem de tudo..... À companheira e grande Amiga Maria Helena por todos os momentos compartilhados, pela bagagem emocional enriquecedora experimentada e por saber que, o que somos nada mais é que uma imagem pelo outro projetada do sentimento que fica na lembrança! Ao grande Amigo do meu coração, companheiro Henrique Freitas, pelo exemplo de ser humano compreensivo, calmo, paciente e gentil, pelos momentos de alegria e descontração e pelo Dom do abraço !!! As amigas e companheiras Layla Manhke, Amanda Mota, Marília Montenegro, Rita de Kássia, Ana Cláudia, Diêgena Maciel, Brindize Lima, Jaceline Maria, Fabíola Almeida, Rosileide Fontenele, Aline Barbosa e Alícia Jara, por cada momento vivido e boas lembrança guardadas! vi As bolsistas de pós-doutorado Patrícia Souza e Marta Cristina pelo exemplo de companheirismo, atenção e ensinamentos! Àqueles amigos que compartilharam comigo essa caminhada, lá trás, desde a graduação e que por algum motivo tiveram que se distanciar e trilhar novos caminhos... Mas, que continuam, como saudosas e boas lembranças, junto a mim!, Àqueles que estão chegando cheios de energia e disposição e que com certeza trarão algo de bom, sempre! À FACEPE pelo suporte financeiro. vii SUMÁRIO AGRADECIMENTOS .......................................................................................... v SUMÁRIO ........................................................................................................... vii LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................................................................... ix LISTA DE TABELAS .......................................................................................... xi LISTA DE ABREVIATURAS .............................................................................. xi RESUMO ............................................................................................................. xii ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................... xiii CAPÍTULO 1 ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Introdução .................................................................................................... 2 1.2 Objetivos ...................................................................................................... 5 1.2.1 Objetivo Geral ........................................................................................... 5 1.2.2 Objetivos Específicos ................................................................................ 5 1.3 Revisão da Literatura .................................................................................. 6 1.3.1 Importância Ambiental de Oceanos e Mares ............................................. 6 1.3.2 Poluição de Oceanos e Mares .................................................................. 7 1.3.3 Impactos Ambientais da Indústria Petrolífera ............................................ 7 1.3.4 Petróleo ...................................................................................................... 8 1.3.4.1 Hidrocarbonetos Saturados ...................................................................... 8 1.3.4.2 Hidrocarbonetos Insaturados .................................................................. 9 1.3.4.3 Hidrocarbonetos Aromáticos Policíclicos (HAP‟s) ................................... 9 1.3.4.4 Produtos Derivados de Petróleo ............................................................. 10 1.3.5 Querosene .................................................................................................. 10 1.3.6 Remediação de ambientes contaminados por petróleo e derivados ........ 12 1.3.7 Biorremediação de ambientes contaminados por petróleo e derivados .... 13 1.3.7.1 Biorremediação intrínseca ou natural ..................................................... 13 1.3.7.2 Bioestimulação ........................................................................................ 14 1.3.7.3. Bioaumento ............................................................................................ 14 1.3.8 Parâmetros de Controle da Biodegradação ............................................ 14 1.3.9 Micro-organismos Degradadores de Hidrocarbonetos (HC) ...................... 15 1.3.10 Micro-organismos Degradadores de Hidrocarbonetos e Produtores de Biossurfactantes ....................................................................................... 16 1.3.11 Leveduras ................................................................................................. 18 1.3.12 Candida lipolytica (Yarrowia lipolytica) ..................................................... 19 1.4 Referências Bibliográficas ............................................................................ 22 viii Capítulo 2 ........................................................................................................... 36 Primeiro Artigo - Biodegradação de querosene e produção de bioemusificantes /biossurfactantes pela levedura halo-álcali-tolerante Candida lipolytica UCP 0988 em água do mar ................................................................. 37 Resumo ........................................................................................................... 38 1. Introdução ...................................................................................................... 39 2. Materiais e Métodos ........................................................................................ 40 3. Resultados e Discussão .................................................................................. 43 4. Conclusão ....................................................................................................... 47 5. Referências Bibliográficas ............................................................................... 48 Anexos ............................................................................................................ 51 Tabelas ..........................................................................................................
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