About Basins

The River System

730E 740 750 760 770 780 790 800 810 To Nasik

DHIMBE KUKADI KRISHNA BASIN 0 0 19 CHASKAMAN 19 50 To N PHULGAON To N MULSHI GHOD Sina KHADAKWASALA DAUND

PANSHET  9 VIR UJJANI BHATGHAR Nira 7 180 DHOM 180 KRISHNA KANHAR NARSINGPUR KHADOSHI Bhima Shivaji SARATI Krishna 9 4 Yerla CHINCHOLI Sagar WADAKBAL BENNITHORE BORIOMERGA PURUSHOTHAMAGUDEM KOYNA Musi SIRDHON KOYNANAGAR TAKALI JEWANGI  9 MUSI WARUNJI KOKANGAON Munneru To VARNA MALKHED 0 DEONGAON P.BRIDGE 17 Halia 170 SAMDOLI DAMERA- WADENAPALLI 5 Vishakapatanam ARJUNWAD HALIA canal TULASHI BRIDDonGE YADGIR 7 KESSARA TERWAD HIPPARGI RADHANAGARI GALGALI DINDI CHERLAPONDUGALA VIJAYWADA VANDUR SADALGA NAGARJUNA Krishna Krishna DUDHGANGA BASTEWAD ALAMATI JURALA PRAKASAM GhatprabhaBAGALKOT HUVINHEDGI GOTUR K.AGRAHARAM Commamuru canal GOKKAKFALLS SAGAR DADI GHATPRABHA NARAYANPUR BARRAGE 0 5 0 16 13 MANTRALAYAMTungabhadra 16 BAWAPURAM TELUGU GANGA Malaprabha MALAPRABHA CHOLACHGUDA RAJOLIBANDA DIV K.C.CANAL To 4A LAKSHMIPURAM To Panaji T.RAMAPURAM PEDDAGANJAM NAVALGUND 7 OOLLENUR (Inland Waterway) T.L.CANAL TUNGABHADRA 1 BAY 8 T.H.CANAL LOCK To 4 MAROL To Chennai 0 150 15 HARLAHALLI AMKUNDI North Buckinghum canalOF

BRIDGE BHUPASAMUDRAM KUPPELUR BENGAL BYALADAHALLI Vedavati HONNALI 140 140 SHIMOGA TUNGA VANIVILASA CENTRAL WATER Tunga BHADRA KELLODU Bhadra 4 COMMISSION SAGAR

Plate No. CWC/NBO/B To To Bangalore 730 0 0 0 770 780 0 0 810 74 75 76 79 80 Map not to scale For International / State boundaries and Coast lines refer to Survey of India maps Projection: International (Polyconic)

The Krishna is the second largest eastward draining interstate river basin in Peninsular India. The basin is situated between east longitudes 730 21’ to 810 09’ and north latitudes 130 07’ to 190 25’ in the covering large areas in the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

The Krishna Basin is bounded on the north by the ridge separating it from the Godavari basin, on the south and east by the Eastern and on the west by the . The basin is roughly triangular in shape with its base along the Western Ghats, the apex at and the Krishna itself forming the median. All the major tributaries draining the base of the triangle fall into the in the upper two-thirds of its length.

The Krishna drains an area of 2,58,948 sq.km. which is nearly 8% of the total geographical area of the country.

The State wise distribution of drainage area is shown in Table below.

Name of State Length (km) Drainage area (Sq.km.) Drainage area % Maharastra 306 69,425 26.8 Karnataka 483 1,13,271 43.7 Andhra Pradesh 612 76,252 29.5 Total 1401 2,58,948 100.0

The river Krishna rises in the western Ghats at an altitude of 1337 m just north of Mahabaleswar, about 64 km. from the and flows from west to east through the States of Maharashtra, Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh before it joins the downstream of Vijayawada.

There are about 13 major tributaries which join river Krishna along its 1400 km. course, out of which six are right bank tributaries and seven are left bank tributaries. Among the major tributaries, the , the Malaprabha and the Tunga Bhadra are the principal right bank tributaries which together account for 35.45% of the total catchment whereas the Bhima, the Musi and the Munneru are the principal left bank tributaries which together account for 35.62% of the total catchment area. The catchment area, length and elevation of source of the tributaries are indicated in Table given below.

The important Tributaries of River Krishna

Sl.No. Name of Elevation of Length Catchment tributary Source (Km.) area ( m + m.s.l) (Sq.Km.) 1 Koyna 4719 118 4,890 2 Panchganga 1020 74 2,575 3 Dudhganga 870 103 2,350 4 Ghataprabha 884 283 8,829 5 Malaprabha 793 304 11,549 6 Bhima 945 861 70,614 7 Tunga Bhadra 610 531 71,417 8 Dindi 718 178 3,490 9 Peddavagu 707 109 2,343 10 Halia 708 112 3,780 11 Musi 661 265 11,212 12 515 152 3,263 13 Munneru 238 195 10,409

Rainfall Pattern in the Krishna Basin

The average annual rainfall in the Krishna basin is 784 mm. The South West sets in by middle of June and withdraws by the middle of October. About 90% of annual rainfall is received during the Monsoon months, of which more than 70% occurs during July, August and September.

Water Resources Development

The Average Annual Surface Water Resource Potential of Krishna Basin has been assessed to be 78.12 BCM. The utilizable surface water potential has been estimated as 58.00 BCM and the Replenishable Ground Water Resource is estimated to be 26.41 BCM making the total utilizable water resource of Krishna Basin as 84.41 BCM. Up to the end of IX Plan period, live storage capacity of 41.8 BCM has been created through completed projects and the projects under construction are proposed to create additional storage capacity of 7.74 BCM. Projects having live storage capacity of 1.13 BCM are under consideration for taking up in future.

Though few major projects like Krishna delta were in existence prior to independence, planned development of water resources of Krishna basin took place after independence. The completed important major projects in Krishna basin are Koyna and Ujjani projects in Maharashtra state, Almatti, Narayanpur, Ghataprabha, Malaprabha, Bhadra and Tunga Bhadra projects in Karnataka state and P.D. Jurala, Srisailam, Nagarjuna Sagar, , Musi and K C Canal projects in Andhra Pradesh.