Fire Learning Network Field Guide November 2014 Copyright 2014 The Nature Conservancy

The Fire Learning Network is part of the “Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted Communities Together: Collaborative Engagement, Collective Action and Co- Ownership of Fire” cooperative agreement among The Nature Conservancy, USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Department of the Interior (Bureau of Indian Affairs, Bureau of Land Management, Fish & Wildlife Service, National Park Service). In addition to the network of landscape collaboratives, it includes prescribed fire training exchanges and targeted treatments under Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem Resiliency. For more information, please visit www.conservationgateway.org/fln

Network Contacts FLN Director Lynn Decker [email protected] (801) 320-0524 USDA Forest Service Tim Melchert [email protected] (208) 387-5512 Dept. of the Interior Richard Bahr [email protected] (208) 334-1550

The Fire Learning Network Team The Nature Conservancy Fire Team: Jeremy Bailey, Lynn Decker, Guy Duffner, Wendy Fulks, Blane Heumann, Mary Huffman, Heather Montanye, Liz Rank and Chris Topik. The FLN Field Guide is compiled and produced by Liz Rank ([email protected]). Thanks to the numerous landscape leaders and partners who provided text, photos and review for this document, and for the valuable work they do in the field.

Photo Credits Front cover (top to bottom): Riley Bergseng, Coalition for the Upper South Platte, Robert B. Clontz/TNC; (center) Jeffrey Kane. This page: Jeffrey Kane. Back cover (left to right): Liz Rank/TNC, Katherine Medlock/TNC, Chris Topik/TNC, Mary Huffman/TNC. Liz Rank/TNC (2), Guy Duffner/TNC. Contents

Introduction & Overview A Brief Introduction to the Fire Learning Network 1 Where We Work 4 A map of FLN landscapes, prescribed fire training exchanges, Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem Resiliency projects and Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network pilot communities FLN Regional Networks & Large Landscapes California Klamath-Siskiyou FLN 7 Centennial Valley FLN 8 Central Appalachians FLN 9 FireScape Mendocino 10 FireScape Monterey 11 Great Plains FLN 12 Northwest FLN 13 Pike’s Peak FLN 14 Rio Grande Water Fund 15 South Central FLN 16 Southern Blue Ridge FLN 17 Washington Dry Forests FLN 18 Western Klamath Mountains FLN 19 Scaling-up to Pronote Ecosystem Resiliency Overview of SPER II projects 22 FLN Indexes Partner Types 25 FLNs cross-referenced with the agency or organization types of key partners Areas of Focus & Expertise 26 FLNs cross-referenced by habitats & humans context factors worked with, and by areas of expertise Managing in Landscapes with Threatened & Endangered Species 28 FLNs cross-referenced with T&E species Managing Invasive Species 31 FLNs cross-referenced with invasive species they manage for

A Brief Introduction to the Fire Learning Network

By the Numbers (2014) > 30 FLN landscapes private 9 regional networks landowners The Fire Learning Network & contractors > 250 partners state & local and its re- • prescribed fire training exchanges 66.4 million acres (includes fire departments) lated programs are part of “Promoting (TREX), experiential training 20 states Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted opportunities that integrate a range 18 FAC Net hubs Communities Together” (PERFACT), a of people, places and aspects of fire; 50 communities university students cooperative agreement between The • targeted restoration action under 425 partners (Spring Break TREX) Nature Conservancy, USDA Forest Ser- Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem 8 prescribed fire training vice and agencies of the Department of Resiliency (SPER); and exchanges the Interior. The partnership works in • communication and public outreach 345 participants particular places with individual peo- Prescribed Fire Training Exchange about fire, restoration, and the > 9,000 acres of prescribed fire ple, and also at regional and national Participant Affiliations—Spring 2014 collaborative work being done on scales; it also makes the connections 1,570 acres of thinning, fire & them. Dept. of the Interior Dept. of Defense between those scales. other treatments by Forest Service TNC state & local gov’ts other NGOs Key aspects of this work are: SPER landscape projects tribal members private All of these aspects are interconnected, (SPER: January-June total) university students international • the Fire Learning Network (FLN), making all parts more effective at fostering collaboration for restora- promoting healthy ecosystems and tion and integrated fire management fire-adapted human communities. than in landscapes across the country; they would be on their own. In many The Fire Learning Network • the Fire Adapted Communities (FAC) of the places where the FLN works, it Learning Network, which is doing is becoming difficult to tell where the the same with communities adapt- FLN leaves off and other programs More than thirty landscapes—most These include hosting workshops to ing to wildfire; begin—which is as it should be. working as part of regional networks share knowledge and develop local —are now active in the FLN. In addi- tools, as well as those that support the tion to long-established partnerships, work of landscape-scale projects and collaborative groups in the early stages statewide prescribed fire councils; of their FLN work are being developed they nurture the development of fire in California, Colorado and Idaho. The adapted communities, host prescribed FLNs under development generally fire training exchanges, monitor fire focus on a collaborative planning pro- effects on bird populations, develop cess that brings stakeholders together interpretive signage, and publish to work through where they want to go restoration resources. In doing so, they A crew works on the Tshanik and Nix units burns during the October 2014 Klamath River prescribed fire and how they can get there. The more engage hundreds of diverse partners, training exchange. More than 50 people took part in this TREX, which treated numerous parcels on private lands to support fire adapted communities goals along the river. Photo: Thomas Dunklin established FLNs, having done this from state and federal agencies to planning work, are now engaged in a private landowners and researchers, 1 diversity of place-specific activities. and from coast to coast. Prescribed Fire Training Exchanges it has almost simultaneously moved toward larger crew sizes, spread into new geographic areas (and habitats), Training events combining experiential become more closely tied to fire adapt- learning and principles of integrated ed communities efforts, and become fire management are now being held in more locally based. Numerous partici- numerous locations each spring and fall. pants have attended multiple events, The integration of professional wild- and are becoming sources of leader- The FLN’s planning methods are based on the Open Standards for land firefighters with less-traditional ship and support. Staff support is now Conservation. According to research training partners at these events shifting from running the events to conducted by Bruce Goldstein and expands both the capacity of the fire mentoring others. Efforts are shifting colleagues, the Network can best be conceived of as a multiscalar process community and its breadth of knowl- toward helping this model—and this of iterative adaptive management. edge. It strengthens the ability to con- integrated way of viewing fire manage- Diagram adapted from Butler, W. H. and B. E. Goldstein (2010). “The US duct controlled burning effectively and ment and doing prescribed fire— Fire Learning Network: Springing a Rigidity Trap through Multiscalar become adaptable, self-sustaining, Collaborative Networks.” Ecology and Society 15(3):21. with full social license, and develops connections that are helping wildfires and ever more widespread.

The Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network Staff and network members are work- ing with researchers Sarah McCaffrey (USFS Northern Research Station) Modeled after the FLN, the FAC Learn- and Bruce Goldstein (University of ing Network was launched in April Colorado), to increase the rigor of Spring Break TREX has grown rapidly; the March In spring 2014, the Central Appalachians FLN and 2013 with a workshop for stakeholders network operations and activities, 2014 TREX provided hands-on fire experience for partners in VIrginia hosted the first TREX offered from eight pilot communities; in March and investigate how networks and the 50 students from 7 universities. Photo: Anu Kramer east of the Mississippi. Photo: TNC/Sam Lindblom 2014, another ten communities joined FAC approach contribute to growing the network. Collaborative teams from community resilience. This will help Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem these communities receive financial, the network make the greatest possible Resiliency technical and peer network support to impact on the development of fire be managed with sensitivity to local implement and innovate fire adapted adapted communities nationwide. plans and concerns. TREX also actively community concepts and best practices, engage local, regional and national Modest amounts of implementation and to share them within the network media, and help participants commu- funding are targeted to either fill gaps and beyond. So far, communities have nicate key messages with skill. in a landscape, or provide a catalyst to worked on projects as diverse as Since 2008, 33 events have served accelerate work. Prescribed fire, thin- updating CWPPs and county-wide nearly 1,100 practitioners and treated ning, helicopter logging and invasive integrated fire plans, securing funding more than 78,000 acres. The earliest species management treatments are for mitigation projects, and gathering exchanges were in FLN grasslands, conducted under SPER, mainly on and sharing the lessons learned from but they are now offered in forested relatively small, strategically-placed first-hand experiences with wildfires. Novel means of assisting and enabling communities landscapes and quite frequently in parcels that leverage and connect The network communicates regularly to complete fuel treatments are among the strate- wildland-urban interface (WUI) areas, existing or planned treatments on through an online workspace (Podio), gies used by FAC network hubs. in support of fire adapted community federal lands. In the first phase, six Photos: Andrew Holm; Forest Guild; Florida and public blog (http://facnetwork. Division of Forestry; Jerry McAdams/Boise FD efforts as well as landscape-scale eco- projects proposed to complete 19,767 2org/), as well as quarterly peer-learn- logical restoration. The TREX program acres of treatments to restore ecosystem ing webinars and an annual workshop. is now at an important growth point— resiliency and help protect municipal Integrated Outreach Working Together watersheds and communities. In spite of drought, flooding, a state-wide ban Communication efforts are woven In June 2014, about 100 participants on prescribed fire, the banning of fire through much of the work conducted in the FLN and FAC Learning Network on proposed plots to protect sage by the FLN and related programs. met, along with staff and national-level grouse and a variety of other obstacles, This serves to disseminate lessons partners, at a workshop that provided by adaptive planning and relying on learned and success stories that can numerous opportunities for sharing long-standing partnerships, the six help other projects, and to offer a more information within and between the projects together completed 20,625 nuanced—and empowering—view networks (and other programs), as acres of treatments, about 5 percent of wildfire and fire management than well as cementing the relationships more than proposed. In several cases, is often seen in news accounts. High- that are central to any network’s suc- this funding also spurred the comple- lighting fire adapted communities cess. Participants also reflected on tion of other nearby projects with efforts and other successes also opens the work of recent years and engaged other funding sources. a larger space for the important work in strategic discussions for moving The second phase of SPER is now that can be done. forward together in the coming years, underway. Five landscape-based proj- A recent example of success occurred meeting the challenges and seizing the ects, similar to the first six, are work- in the fall of 2013 in the small town of opportunities for restoring resiliency ing on about 3,000 acres of treatments Angel Fire, NM, where a headline just and health to our natural systems and in support of fire adapted communities before a prescribed fire training ex- the communities in them. through the FAC Learning Network or change read “Residents Brace for Sept. FLN. In addition, SPER is supporting 30 Burn Near Angel Fire.” By the end several prescribed fire training events of the event, the headline “Prescribed aimed at building local capacity while Burn Near Angel Fire Wraps up at 105 conducting treatments near at-risk Acres” ran over a story that included communities. an excellent, calming video in which a TREX leader explained all the precau- tions taken to ensure that the burns were being conducted safely, and for the benefit of the community and the At a pair of overlapping workshops in June 2014, forest. members of the Fire Adapted Communities Learn- ing Network and the Fire Learning Network held discussions specific to each network, but also met More Online jointly for a poster session and field tour of treat- ment sites. These joint events fostered the sharing Fire Learning Network of information between the two networks, and http://www.conservationgateway.org/fln helped strengthen their ties as well. Photos: TNC/Liz Rank Prescribed fire training exchanges http://www.conservationgateway.org/content/fire-training Fire Adapted Communities http://facnetwork.org/ The Fire Learning Network is supported by Top: Eastern redcedar was removed from this site FLN Networker (biweekly newsletter) Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted as part of a program of glade restoration across Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative Arkansas landscapes. Photo: TNC/McRee Anderson http://www.conservationgateway.org/ConservationPractices/FireLand- agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the Bottom: A multi-agency crew briefs before the Blue scapes/FireLearningNetwork/FLNNetworker/Pages/fln-networker.aspx USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Department Suck Burn, conducted to improve forest health on of the Interior. For more information, contact Virginia State Parks land. Photo: TNC/Marek Smith Lynn Decker ([email protected]). v. 12 Nov 14 3 Where We Work Fire Learning Network Fire Adapted Communities Scaling-up to Promote Prescribed Fire Training landscapes Learning Network pilots Ecosystem Resiliency Exchanges (2014)

Spring Break Lower Loup (Niobrara) Rivers TREX South-Central Oregon ! TREX (March) (March-April) Northwest FLN Washington Dry Forests FLN Leavenworth !

Deschutes County Centennial Valley FLN Ely SPER:Jackson Ashland & Josephine Watershed Counties ! (FACResilience pilot communities) ! ! ! Island Park / ( W. Yellowstone ((! ( Ada County Great ( (Boise) ( FireScape Mendocino FLN Plains Northern California ! FLN ! W. Klamath Mountains ( Central FLN ! Appalachians N. Lake Tahoe Barnegat California Klamath- Summit County ! Pike’s Peak FLN FLN ( Township Siskiyou FLN FireScape Virginia TREX Monterey Woodland! Park ( (April) FLN SW Colorado YurokOrleans-Somes TREX (May-June) Bar ! ! !( ( Southern Blue Klamath(FAC pilotRiver community)TREX (Sept) (( South Ridge FLN ! Flagstaff NorCal TREX (Oct) Central SPER: Trinity Integrated Fire Ojai FLN SPER: Allegheny and Management Partnership Towns County Potomac Highlands Ecosystem Restoration Project Northern New Mexico ! Rio Grande Water Fund FLN ! Baker County Travis County International TREX (Sept) (Austin) BlackSanta Lake Fe County TREX (Sept-Oct) (FAC pilot community) SPER: Ozark Pine-Oak SPER: Collaboration to Reduce Risk in the Fire Woodland and Glade Prone Southern Sangre de Cristo Mountains Restoration Partnership

4 v. 12 Nov 14 Fire Learning Network Regional Networks & Landscape Collaboratives In FLN leaders’ own words:

The FLN supports “a grassroots and formative dialog among unconventional partners about how to restore healthy fires to some of the most remote landscapes in the West. I see ranchers, tribal representatives, environmentalists and local governments realizing that through this collaborative they can and will effect meaningful change on public land-use planning.”

“New partners energize the network with new ideas and enthusiasm. Time and time again, partners emphasize the value of sharing information—what works and what doesn’t—as well as having the opportunity to deepen relationships with neighbors.”

“As a mature learning network, regional and national partners are aware of our partnerships and seek out our learning and experience….The continued use of field tours showing different stages of restoration is critical, as is having developed complete species lists for restoration sites that serve as a guide for other sites as they move down the road toward ‘What and when is it restored?’” California Nick Goulette [email protected] (530) 628-4206 Klamath-Siskiyou Michelle Medley-Daniel [email protected] Fire Learning Network Lenya Quinn-Davidson [email protected] Landscape Partners Bureau of Land Management— HappyOREGON Camp Redding Field Office CrescentSix CityRivers CAL FIRE Partners in the Trinity Mountains NF Western Klamath Klamath NF Humboldt State University Mountains FLN Hyampom Volunteer Fire are focusing on the synergy created Somes Bar Department and Fire Safe Council between the Fire learning Network Orleans Local landowners and residents (FLN) and the Trinity Integrated Fire Northern California Prescribed Fire Management Partnership’s (TIFMP) Redwood National Council implementation work. In addition to Park having local prescribed burning to Arcata Trinity Trinity County Collaborative Mountains ground our learning, we have a formal Trinity County Fire Safe Council collaborative group that acts in an ad- Weaverville Trinity County RCD visory capacity to the county board of Hyampom Six Hayfork University of California Extension supervisors and federal land manage- Rivers NF USDA Forest Service—Pacific South- ment agencies. With this forum, and west Research Station the Trinity County Fire Safe Council, CALIFORNIA Shasta- USDA Forest Service—Province we are able to link learning about fire Trinity Ecologist to the planning, implementation and FireScape NF Mendocino USDA Forest Service—Shasta-Trinity monitoring processes. Being able to tie together all of the parts of the adap- Mendocino NF National Forest (Forest Supervisor’s tive management cycle is critical if we Top: A smoke plume rises from a prescribed fire Office, Weaverville Ranger District, want to impact systems and achieve training exchange (TREX) operation at Bar 717 Hayfork Ranger District) Ranch. Communities in Trinity County are tucked USDA Forest Service—Six Rivers Regionalnecessary partnershipsshifts in our management among the mountains, separated by narrow wind- approach. ing roads. This geographic isolation makes invest- based approach to regional manage- National Forest that we’ve ing in local fire management capacity particularly ment and the dialogue at the events USDA Natural Resources important. The TIFMP is working with volunteer invested in over the years continue fire departments around the county to offer train- helps inform our landscape level work, Conservation Service to be a focus of the CKS FLN. Through ing and collaborate on larger projects. Prescribedas well as bringing fire training a management exchanges per- Weaverville Volunteer Fire support of the Northern California Center: The fall 2013 TREX also served as an op- spective to the scientists involved. portunity to engage the media in prescribed fire Department Prescribed Fire Council, the network issues, as when a local TV reporter interviewed a directly reaches over 200 people National Park Service employee about the burning (TREX) bring together many aspects every year, bringing together practi- conducted at Redwood National Park.. of work in this landscape. They enable © Lenya Quinn-Davidson/NCPFC tioners and scientists and facilitating participants to experience fire inter- The Fire Learning Network is supported by Bottom: TIFMP has completed prescribed burns on Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted important movement in the policies private property in Hayfork and Hyampom. Each acting with a variety of communities Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative Anotherand practice regional of prescribed effort fire in the burn is planned with landowners to meet their and ecosystem types, and help build agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the region. management objectives while furthering com- local capacity manage fire. And the USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- munity wildfire protection goals and ecosystem ment of the Interior. For more information, contact , co-hosting restoration. © Josh Smith/WRTC treatments conducted during a TREX Lynn Decker ([email protected]). events with the Joint Fire Science help make both the forests and human v. 4 Nov 14 7 Program, allows us to bring a science- communities more resilient to wildfire. Centennial Fire Learning Network Nathan Korb [email protected] (406) 925-1144

Building connectivity. Dillon

FLN partners MONTANA are working to restore wetland con- Gravelly Mountains A key goal Landscapes nectivity and riparian areas by chang- Gallatin NF BLM West Centennial Valley ing grazing, replacing culverts and Yellow- of the Centennial FLN is to Lima Beaverhead-Deerlodge NF planting willows. These changes create Centennial stone Gravelly Landscape Red Rock prepare the landscape—both natural Monida Valley Lakeview habitat for beaver, and recent stud- Lakes NWR and human—so that fire can once again Henry’s Lake / Island Park ies have shown that beavers improve Island Park roam and fill its ecological role. To this Caribou- late-season flows and thus will likely Targhee end, the Lakeview Community Protec- Henry's Lake / National Park Yellowstone protect watersheds under predicted NF tion Project has completed thinning in to guide land management decisions BLM Island Park climate change scenarios. nearly all the private forests in the area, for sage grouse habitat. In the sandhills, Ashton and the BLM and U.S. Fish & Wildlife open sand blowouts are being con- IDAHO Service are developing complementary served for rare plants and tiger beetles, projects on lands around the town. This and monitoring of vegetation and bird Landscape Partners will allow managers to let natural fires communities, as well as the effects of a Bureau of Land Management—Dillon in the nearby wilderness to burn safely, 2008 prescribed burn, is ongoing con- Field Office and will lower the risk to fire workers tinues. Managers are also experiment- Greater Yellowstone Coalition if extreme fire conditions warrant fire ing with using hand tools and volunteer Montana Department of Natural Providing leadership Resources and Conservation—Dillon suppression. The FLN is also working labor to remove sagebrush and grasses Resource Area with the Fire Adapted Communities to restore blowout habitat with fewer Planning for climate change . The FLN pro- Montana Fish, Wildlife and Parks— Learning Network hub on the other negative consequences than burning. vides leadership locally and regionally Region 3 side of the Centennial Mountains, in . Through on forest management priorities, for Private ranch operations Island Park, Idaho. The groups have a monitoring and adaptive management, example, partnering with the Greater Trout Unlimited mutual interest in developing coordi- partners are preparing for unexpected Yellowstone Coalition and the Wild- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Red Rock nated plans to manage fire safely, cost- consequences of a changing climate. A life Conservation Society to guide Lakes NWR effectively, efficiently, wisely, and for the University of Montana Western Protecting threatened species novel water vulnerability assessment management of 450,000 acres in the greatest benefit. conducted by Conservancy scientists Gravelly And, looking to the future, USDA Forest Service—Beaverhead- Deerlodge NF (Madison RD) . To im- and a University of New Mexico gradu- for the last several years, high school USDA Natural Resources Conservation prove critical sage grouse habitat, a half ate student is illuminating the effects of student volunteers have assisted with Service—Dillon Office dozen FLN partners are implementing climate change on headwater streams forestry and fencing projects, putting Wildlife Conservation Society a coordinated multi-year grazing plan in the Centennial and other valleys in in hundreds of hours each summer, across over 45,000 acres; the plan will southwest Montana. Preliminary results and Conservancy interns from urban improve the health of the rangeland for indicate that flows from north-aspect high schools have worked on stream livestock as well as wildlife, so partners basins are more resilient to climate monitoring and other projects. These The Fire Learning Network is supported by Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted hope to spark the interest of other land- changes, which has important ramifica- programs are engaging a new genera- Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative owners in the Sage Grouse Initiative. tions for where limited restoration and tion of scientists and citizen naturalists agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the With researchers from Montana State land protection resources should be in on-the-ground conservation work, USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- ment of the Interior. For more information, contact University, the effects of management invested; the results are being incor- and providing them with experience Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 8and grazing on sage grouse are also be- porated into state and federal fisheries to embark on science careers of their v. 5 Sept 14 ing measured, and this study will help planning. own. Central Appalachians Sam Lindblom [email protected] (434) 987-0712 Fire Learning Network Marek Smith [email protected] (540) 839-3599

Network Partners Lake Erie Toledo Arcadia University Cleveland NY PENNSYLVANIA Keystone Newark Consortium of Appalachian Fire Managers and Pitsbur gh� Appalachians Harrisburg Scientists Wheeling Philadelphia Over its eight-year history, Kentucky Department of Fish & Wildlife OHIO Cincinnat� Resources Washington NJ growth Game Commission contracted with MD Kentucky Division of Forestry WESTHeart VIRGINIA in both the diversity and partnership Arcadia University to provide fire Frankfort of the Charlotesvi lle� DE National Park Service—Shenandoah NP, New Appalachians Cumberland River Gorge National Recreation Area Richmond strength in the Central Appalachians effects monitoring for their growing KENTUCKYRiver Roanoke Atlan tic National Weather Service Ocean FLN has been key to restoring the role program. Ground-based protocols and Norfolk of fire at an ecologically meaningful remote sensing tools developed by National Wild Turkey Federation VIRGINIA Pennsylvania Department of Military and Vet- scale. Increased communication and TNC and the George Washington and erans Affairs at Fort Indiantown Gap coordination has resulted in nearly Jefferson NFs have been shared with Pennsylvania Game Commission all controlled burns being conducted the Cherokee National Forest Land- Radford University USDA Natural Resources Conservation by four or more partners regardless scape Restoration Initiative (CNFLRI) The Nature Conservancy—Kentucky, Service of land ownership. Memoranda of as its steering committee considers Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia Department of Conservation and understanding between founding and recommendations for a fire effects Virginia Recreation—Natural Heritage, State Parks University of Kentucky—Forestry Virginia Department of Forestry new partners have enabled treatments monitoring program. Interestingly, it University of Maryland Virginia Department of Game and Inland to expand into additional geographies was lessons learned from the CNFLRI’s University of Tennessee Fisheries and directed significant funding to- own ecological departure analysis that Virginia Tech Significant progress U.S. Geological Survey—Virginia Cooperative wards our restoration efforts. lead us to employ these methods for a Fish and Wildlife Research Unit Virginia Forestry and Wildlife Group Increasing staff capacity project-level analysis on the GWNF. USDA Forest Service—Daniel Boone NF, West Virginia Division of Forestry has been made George Washington and Jefferson NFs, West Virginia Division of Natural Resources in implementing effectiveness moni- and special- Monongahela NF; Northern Research Station West Virginia University toring in all FLN landscapes. Members ized qualifications have long been of the Monitoring Working Group in objectives of this FLN. To help address the Heart of the Appalachians land- this, in March 2014 we hosted the first scape revised their monitoring pro- eastern U.S. prescribed fire training complexity controlled burns in south- resilient communities. The initiative eastern pine savannas and also brings the NRCS—a key player— tocol and data forms and developed exchange (TREX). Participants from a Funding standardized data entry templates wide range of organizations and states Appalachian hardwood forests. into the FLN partnership, which will to facilitate more user-friendly data got valuable experience while helping from the Forest Service/ help facilitate increased collaboration entry into an integrated database. As Virginia partners complete moderate Natural Resources Conservation with private landowners and speed a result, most of the information from Service (NRCS) Chiefs’ Joint Landscape progress towards an all-lands pre- and post-burn visits to the 333 Restoration Partnership was recently conservation approach. macroplots monitored by TNC and the awarded to the Monongahela and George Washington and Jefferson NFs Daniel Boone NFs, in part due to estab- The Fire Learning Network is supported by Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted are now entered into a single database. lished FLN partnerships. This funding Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative On the Daniel Boone NF, the Stearns will help restore historic fire regimes agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the and London Ranger Districts installed through the use of controlled burns, USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Top: Setting up a monitoring plot on Big Wilson ment of the Interior. For more information, contact 40 new vegetative monitoring plots burn unit, 2013; Bottom: A briefing at the 2014 TREX complete fuel reduction treatments in Lynn Decker ([email protected]). across their landscape. And in Penn- priority wildland-urban interface, and v. 12 Nov 14 9 sylvania, TNC and the Pennsylvania engage landowners in creating fire FireScape Rick Mowery [email protected] (530) 934-1175 Kimberly Baker [email protected] (707) 822-7711 Mendocino Don Amador [email protected] (925) 625-6287 Fire Learning Network Gary Evans (530) 570-1908

Hayfork Redding

California Klamath- FireScape Mendocino Shasta- Siskiyou FLN Trinity NF is one of the landscape values—ecological, cultural Red Bluff� Six Rivers Yolla Bolly- newest landscapes in the FLN, having and economic—which form the basis NF Middle Eel hosted its first workshop in November for working together. Wilderness Paskenta 2013. The group hopes to develop a In late 2014, the group’s shared values FireScape stakeholder-based approach to fire were identified as: Mendocino management of the Mendocino National • Quality recreation opportunities The group Mendocino Elk Creek Forest and the surrounding area. • Cultural heritage—past, present NF is using the Open Standards and future Willits Mendocino Snow Mt. Stonyford for the Practice of Conservation for its • Fire adapted human communities Poter Val ley� Wilderness foundational planning. This is being • Healthy terrestrial systems— Ukiah supported by field trips, historical structure, function and species Top: At the group’s fourth planning workshop in Upper Lake photos, GIS-based fire risk assessment, September 2014, a commercial forester, local resi- Lucerne • Healthy riparian and aquatic dent and Forest Service ecosystem management Clear Lake traditional ecological knowledge and systems—structure, function and staff officer use Google Earth to explore possible other tools. To date, the group has species treatment approaches. Bottom: Participants work identified its geographic scope, land- on revising the situation diagram. CALIFORNIA • Diverse landscape-based Photos: TNC/Mary Huffman Moving forward scape vision and a suite of enduring economic opportunities Landscape Partners , the group is forming Tehama County Resource Blue Ribbon Coalition working teams to implement the Conservation District strategies they have developed, which Bureau of Land Management Tuleyome/Yolo Audubon Society are designed to improve the viability of CAL FIRE USDA Forest Service—Mendocino those values. Key strategies include: California Wilderness Coalition National Forest • building local capacity for fire Environment Now USDA Natural Resources adapted communities, Environmental Protection Conservation Service • expanding proactive fire manage- Information Center (EPIC) ment as part of integrated vegeta- Lake County Fire Safe Council tion management, Mendocino Redwood Company and Field tours are an important part of learning during • adjusting air quality policy to The Fire Learning Network is supported by workshops. Above: Stakeholders examine a shaded Humboldt Redwood Company Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted fuel break on private timberland. Top of page: A support prescribed burning, Office of Congressman Jared Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative Forest Service archaeologist and elder of a pioneer • increasing tribal involvement in Huffman agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the family discuss grazing to reduce fuels on sacred public land management, and USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- sites, like this oak woodland. Round Valley Confederated Indian ment of the Interior. For more information, contact Photos: TNC/Wendy Fulks, USFS/Rick Mowery • ensuring that late successional Tribes—Yuki Tribe Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 10 forest areas are resilient to future v. 28 Oct 14 temperature and moisture regimes. FireScape Jeff Kwasny [email protected] (831) 667-1126 Monterey Butch Kronlund [email protected] (831) 667-0332 Fire Learning Network Gordon Johnson [email protected] (530) 347-1627

Landscape Partners Santa Cruz

Big Sur Land Trust Monterey Bishop Grading and Forestry Services Bay Monterey FireScape Monterey Bureau of Land Management Carmel Valley Cachagua Fire Prevention District CALIFORNIA completed its prepare an environmental impact Los Padres CAL FIRE FireScape Monterey Open Standards planning process in statement for the Strategic Community Big Sur National Forest California Native Plant Society Lockwood 2012, and members emerged from the Fuelbreak Improvement Project was California State Parks Ventana process re-energized, informed and posted on December 28, 2012, and the California State University at Monterey Wilderness Hunter-Liggett ready to take action. Since then, the VolunteerForest Service fire is departments currently undertaking Bay LakeMilitary Nacimiento Reservation Silver Peak group’s core team—made up of the NEPA process. California Wilderness Project WildernessSan Simeon property owners and representatives —the Carmel Highland Fire Protection District Pacific Ocean from wilderness groups, federal and Mid Coast Fire Brigade and Cachagua Coast Property Owners Association San Luis Obispo state agencies and the University of Fire Prevention District—are working El Sur Ranch California—holds regular conference to increase local fire suppression Esselen Tribe of Monterey County calls to update one another on the capacity to meet community protection Fire Safe Council for Monterey County Aprogress project of various fire-related needs. This year, both received Forest Galante Vineyards Santa Lucia Conservancy projects throughout Monterey County. Service grants for work such on fuel- Jamesburg-Cachagua Neighbors United Sierra Club—Ventana Chapter of particular focus is the U.S. Otherbreaks work and road improvement to Los Padres Forest Watch Tassajara Zen Mountain Center Forest Service Strategic Community facilitate suppression crew access. Mal Paso Creek Property Association University of California, Davis—Plant Fuelbreak Improvement Project, which in this landscape includes Mid-Coast Fire Brigade Pathology concept was derived from the Open research on sudden oak death (SOD) Monterey Bay National Marine University of California, Santa Cruz—Big Standards process. This project is led by faculty from the University of Sanctuary Creek Preserve located on the northern portion of the California at Davis. Related to this, Monterey County Water Resources U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Monterey Ranger District of the Los some partners are working to remove Agency U.S. House of Representatives—Office of Padres National Forest. It is designed symptomatic bay trees near healthy Monterey FireSafe Council Sam Farr (Congressional District 20) to enhance community protection oak trees along a shared roadway; this Monterey Institute of Research & Ventana Wilderness Alliance from wildfire within the wildland-ur- will both mitigate the effects of SOD, Astronomy ban interface threat zone. The project and reduce fuels and widen the road Monterey San Benito Range Improve- includes improving and maintaining for better firefighting vehicle access. ment Association strategic historically-used firelines to USDA Forest Service—Los Padres NF function as fuelbreaks. In total, the USDA Natural Resources Conservation project proposes work on about 24 The Fire Learning Network is supported by Service Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted miles of fuelbreaks, as well as a key 64- Resource Conservation District of Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative acre unit, for a total of 544 acres. A va- Monterey County agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the riety of treatment types are proposed, USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Partners discuss landscape issues at Botcher’s Gap Top photo: View from the Prewitt Ridge fire break ment of the Interior. For more information, contact including machine and hand thinning, during a 2012 workshop Jeff Kwasny/USFS © Mike Splain/Ventana Wilderness Society Lynn Decker ([email protected]). piling and burning or chipping, and v. 8 Oct 14 11 mastication. The notice of intent to Great Plains Jason Skold [email protected] (402) 342-0282 Fire Learning Network Susanne Hickey [email protected] (402) 558-8099

Tewaukon NWR

Ellendale Sand Lake NWR The Great Plains Fire Learning Network Landscapes NORTH DAKOTA Network Loess Hills Waubay Aberdeen NWR Lower Loup Rivers is focused on building and supporting a strong network of fire Middle Niobrara River Valley practitioners in the region, sharing les- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service SOUTH DAKOTA sons learned and making connections Refuges of Nebraska and Pierre outside the region with fire practitio- South Dakota Rapid City ners that need hands-on fire training. Lacreek Lake Andes One of our biggest accomplishments to NWR Middle Niobrara NWR River Valley date in the Great Plains has been the Pine Ridge Ft. Niobrara NWR successful training exchanges that are and federal agencies and NGOs have Loess Hills held primarily in Nebraska along the the capacity to get fire management Chadron Great Plains Valentine IOWA FWS Refuges Valentne� Niobrara River and in the grasslands accomplished. In Nebraska, land- NWR Bassett Sioux City surrounding the Loup Rivers. These owner burn associations have offered exchanges have hosted more than 200 a positive means for landowners to Crescent Lake NWR NEBRASKA participants over the last three years, share equipment and labor, and these Lower OrdLoup Rivers X80 prioritizing Student Association for models are being adopted in other YZ Fire Ecology participation. In addi- parts of the region. Volunteer fire North Platte Omaha Council Bluffs tion, cooperative training burns have departments also play a role in sup- Gothenburg Lincoln enabled the Loess Hills landscape Grand Island porting fire management, both offering Nebraska City partners in Iowa to accomplish larger prescribed fire services to community Kearney burns and share techniques and equip- members, as is occurring in parts Above: Sand table exercise in the field at the 2014 ment ideas. Building on the successful Spring Break TREX in the Niobrara Valley. of the Loess Hills, and as permitting Right: Lighting a 730-acre unit to reduce invasion training exchanges and the age-old agencies and support to prescribed fire by eastern redcedar during the Lower Loup TREX. spirit of “neighbors helping neighbors,” operationsTo achieve insuccess Nebraska. Photos: Jose Luis Duce, Jeremy Bailey our approach for the next several years we will expand is to expand and enhance the network Regional Partners our capacity through training exchang- of training exchanges and cooperative Great Plains Fire Science Exchange es and cooperative burning to over- burning in the region by engaging new Pheasants Forever come the barriers associated with fire partners and supporting partners in Private landowners qualifications and standards that differ hosting training exchanges on their Student Association for Fire among groups. And by working closely The Fire Learning Network is supported by own.With much of the land Ecology (SAFE) Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted with the Great Plains Fire Science The Nature Conservancy—Arkansas, Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative in private Exchange, we will have an opportunity Colorado, Iowa, Minnesota / North agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the ownership we need to continue to to reach an audience beyond our land- USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Dakota / South Dakota, Nebraska ment of the Interior. For more information, contact emphasize strategies that can be scapes; this also provides a means for U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 12transferred to private landowners, but the Exchange to transfer knowledge to v. 4 Nov 14 we also need to ensure that local, state land managers at the local level. Northwest Pete Caligiuri [email protected] (541) 388-3020 x 304 Fire Learning Network Mark Stern [email protected] (503) 802-8133 Network & Landscape Partners American Forest Resource Council

Ocean Portland Members of the public and agency staff tour the Applegate Partnership WASHINGTON Across the three landscapes site of the Pole Creek Fire together during a 2013 Black Oak Forest Restoration learning exchange. Photo: Marika Yuma

Pacific of the Bureau of Land Management— Willamette Network Landscapes Medford District Corvallis Northwest FLN we are working to NF OREGONDeschutes integrate ecological, economic and Rogue Basin Central Oregon Intergovernmental NF Redmond social values into collaborative dry Council Eugene Bend Upper Deschutes Basin Upper forest restoration. This is only possible Central Oregon Fire Management Deschutes by engaging diverse partners with an Lakeview Stewardship Unit / Service Basin interest in Oregon’s dry forests and all Fremont-Winema NF City of Ashland the community benefits they provide. Fremont- City of Bend Umpqua NF Lakeview We are working with federal, state Winema City of Sisters Stewardship NF and local organizations to develop a Rogue Basin Unit Deschutes County Rogue River- shared vision of restored dry, frequent- Medford Siskiyou Josephine County Stewardship Group Ashland fire forests across the region and the NF Klamath Falls Lakeview benefits those more resilient forests Klamath Tribes can provide. We are using innovative Klamath-Siskiyou Wildlands Center collaborative approaches and cutting- Lake County Resource Initiative and CALIFORNIA edge research and analysis to reach a members within broader segment of the community, Lomakatsi Restoration Project USDA Forest Service—Deschutes, reconnect people with the forest, and Northern Arizona University— Fremont-Winema and Rogue River- facilitate a science-based conversation Ecological Restoration Institute Siskiyou National Forests about fire-adapted forests and the Oregon Department of Fish and USDA Forest Service—Forest Health implications of living in and around Recent examples Wildlife Protection these dynamic, fire-prone landscapes. Oregon Department of Forestry USDA Forest Service—Pacific South- of this work include Oregon State University Extension west Research Station a statewide analysis of restoration need Oregon Wild USDA Forest Service—Region 6 in dry, frequent-fire forest systems; the The restoration field guide is the product of a collaboration collaboration product of a field guide is the The restoration including the NW FLN. partners, among numerous http://nature.ly/dryforests at electronically It is available community field learning exchanges; Project Wildfire Warm Springs Confederated Tribes Restorationthe Ashland ofForest Dry Forests Resiliency in Eastern “Fire for Sierra Club Oregon:Water” video; A Field and Guide the publication of communities where we work. By Southern Oregon Forest Restoration pairing this with a strong scientific Collaborative , developed in rationale, we are helping forge a path Southern Oregon University The Fire Learning Network is supported by partnership with Dr. Jerry Franklin and Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted As a trusted partner through decades of conflict, bringing The Nature Conservancy—Oregon Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative Dr. Norm Johnson. together local community interests and The Wilderness Society agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the to a diverse federal land managers to implement USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service ment of the Interior. For more information, contact range of interests, we use tools like this shared vision on the ground, at a Upper Deschutes River Coalition Lynn Decker ([email protected]). these to foster dialogue, stronger pace and scale commensurate with the v. 16 Oct 14 13 relationships and trust within the ecological need. Pike’s Peak Fire Learning Network Paige Lewis [email protected] (303) 817-8648

Arapahoe & Roosevelt NF Vernal The Pike’s Peak FLN Ft. Collins NE is a new collaborative initiative focused on Boulder • increasing public understanding of and support for the use of fire in UT Denver COLORADO Pike's Peak FLN forest management, White River NF area of interest • expanding local forest and fire management capacity, and Pike- Grand Junction Aspen San Isabel core area NF • demonstrating the safe and effective use of fire in high priority Woodland Park Above and bottom right: The Conservancy’s South- Pike’slandscapes. Peak area partners Moab Colorado ern Rockies Wildland Fire Module at work on the Springs Little Sand Fire in southwest Colorado in July 2012. Gunnison KS are using Photos: TNC/Jeff Crandall Salida the FLN to leverage and expand on the Pueblo great work already being implemented Rio Grande NF by other local organizations, including San Juan NF the Woodland Park Fire Adapted on the accomplishments of the Upper Alamosa Cortez Pagosa Springs Communities Learning Network hub. Fountain Creek Watershed Restoration Durango FLN activities will include building an Initiative (which was supported by effective stakeholder network, hosting Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem public workshops on fire ecology Resilience (SPER))and will contribute AZ NM and the use of fire for management, to the goals of the Front Range Collab- Landscape Partners Pike’s Peak Wildfire Prevention Partners facilitating training opportunities for orative Forest Landscape Restoration City of Colorado Springs Southern Rockies Fire Science Network fire practitioners, and implementing Program (CFLRP) project, Colorado Coalition for the Upper South Platte Teller-Park Conservation District at least one prescribed burn in the Prescribed Fire Council and Southern Colorado Division of Fire Prevention and The Nature Conservancy—Colorado coming year. The FLN’s work will build Rockies Fire Science Network. Control U.S. Air Force Academy Colorado Parks and Wildlife USDA Forest Service Colorado Prescribed Fire Council USDA Natural Resources Conservation Colorado Springs Utilities Service El Paso County U.S. Geological Survey

The Fire Learning Network is supported by Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative The Conservancy’s Colorado chapter recently delivered a report to the U.S. Forest Service with a set of agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the collaboratively-developed, science-based management recommendations for the 67,000-acre Upper USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Monument Creek landscape, which is in the FLN core area. Left: Webster Park in the Upper Monument ment of the Interior. For more information, contact Creek project area; Right: Field tour to the project area Photos: Peter M. Brown; TNC/Rob Addington Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 14 v. 6 Nov 14 Anne Bradley [email protected] (505) 946-2038 Rio Grande Dave Gori [email protected] (505) 946-2031 Laura McCarthy [email protected] (505) 946-2024 Water Fund Eytan Krasilovsky [email protected] (505) 983-8992 x 16

Alamosa Cortez Durango PagosaSan Juan Springs NF In New Mexico Rio Grande NF

UT Farmington Chama COLORADORaton , the FLN is now a key Questa part of a water source protection fund Rio Grande Clayton Water Fund Carson program for the northern Rio Grande. National Taos OK Forest Our vision is to provide a reliable sup- Cuba Española ply of high-quality Rio Grande water Los Alamos Valles Caldera and healthy forests for the benefit Los Alamos National Lab AZ Las Vegas of New Mexico’s communities. Our Bandelier National Monument Santa Santa Fe National Forest Fe TX goal is to scale up forest thinning and Bernalillo Tucumcari Cibola NF prescribed fire treatments from about Albuquerque Santa Rosa 6,000 acres per year to 30,000 acres Los Lunas per year in northern New Mexico. We will do this by developing a sustainable source of funding from water users, government, investors and donors, and NEW MEXICO facilitating payments to upstream land Fire Learning Network Partners The Nature Conservancy—Colorado, managers to help them reduce wildfire Forest Guild New Mexico and debris flow risk in high priority ments that build forest resilience. The National Park Service—Bandelier University of Washington—Conservation National Monument Canines Program Theareas seven-million and to maintain acre those areas for FLN is also addressing the post-fire the long-term. impacts where uncharacteristically New Mexico Association of Conservation University of Arizona—Laboratory of Districts Tree-Ring Research Rio Grande Improvinglarge and severe the health fires have damaged landscape includes 1.7 million acres watersheds. New Mexico Department of Game & Fish U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service U.S. Geological Survey of forest, of which 600,000 acres are of headwater New Mexico Division of Forestry USDA Forest Service—Cibola National treatable. FLN supported activities in- forests is a critical climate change New Mexico Forest and Watershed Health Institute Forest clude engaging with the Fire Adapted adaptation strategy in a warming New Mexico Forest Industry Association USDA Forest Service—Santa Fe National Communities Learning Network, and Southwest, where fire seasons have Northern Arizona University Forest working with on-the-ground federal, become longer and more severe, and Pueblo of Jemez Valles Caldera Trust state, tribal and private land managers water security is a primary concern for Pueblo of Santa Clara toRead accelerate More fire and thinning treat- all communities. The Rio Grande Water Fund Comprehensive Plan: Southwest Fire Science Consortium http://www.nmconservation.org/RGWF/RGWF_CompPlan_Exec.pdf The Fire Learning Network is supported by From The Nature Conservancy’s New Mexico chapter: Photos: Wetlands (top) and hillock (center) at Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted http://www.nature.org/ourinitiatives/regions/northamerica/unitedstates/new- Valles Caldera National Preserve in the heart of the Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative Water Fund landscape; a properly-thinned stand agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the mexico/new-mexico-rio-grande-water-fund.xml of ponderosa pine (bottom) is more resilient to USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Fire Adapted Communties: www.fireadaptednewmexico.org wildfire. ment of the Interior. For more information, contact © 2013 Alan W. Eckert for The Nature Conservancy Lynn Decker ([email protected]). v. 6 Nov 14 15 McRee Anderson [email protected] (870) 861-5131 Martin Blaney [email protected] (877) 967-7577 South Central William Carromero [email protected] (479) 964-7207 Fire Learning Network Mitzi Cole [email protected] (870) 867-2101 x 114

Branson

The South Central Madison County WMA MO Current Projects Hobb's WMA Harold Alexander WMA Fayetevi lle� Buffalo National Gene Indiana Bat Habitat Regional Fire Ozark Highlands Ecosystem River Rush Ozark Restoraton Project� Indiana Bat Habitat Restoraton Proj ect (CFLRP) � WMA NF Learning Network (FLN) has long been Jonesboro Restoration Project Batesville a catalyst for restoration, supporting Ozark scientific knowledge exchanges and Ozark Highlands Ecosystem National Ozark Highlands Ecosystem Forest Restoraton Project (CFLRP) � developing monitoring protocols and Project (CFLRP) Fort Smith definitions of current and desired Memphis ecological conditions across the region. Shortleaf-Bluestem Conway Petit John WMA TN This network is a long-term, diverse Community Project (CFLRP) coalition functioning as a robust OK Litle Rock� community of practice of restoration practitioners, scientists, policy makers Hot Springs St. Francis Ouachita National Forest and on-the-ground managers. Togeth- National Ranger District of the Ozark-St. Francis Forest Pine Bluff� er, they are restoring and managing In addition Shortleaf-Bluestem lands with prescribed fire and timber National Forest. Community Project (CFLRP) management techniques for the long- to thisPinus on-the-ground echanta term health of the lands for wildlife work, the region is the epicenter of the ClevelandMS Hope and water quality benefits. The South shortleaf pine ( ) range, Central FLN has secured implementa- and the FLN has been chosen to lead Texarkana tion funding from state wildlife grants, a new Shortleaf Pine Initiative to ad- ARKANSAS non-profits, private foundations, and dress the steep decline of this species Network Partners state and federal institutions for resto- and its associated fire-adapted com- ration and management on a portfolio munities. This initiative will develop a Arkansas Audubon Society University of Missouri, Columbia of multi-ownership (federal, state and range-wide conservation plan covering Arkansas Forestry Commission USDA Forest Service—Ouachita NF Since 2001 private) lands throughout the region. the 23 three states where shortleaf Arkansas Game and Fish Commission USDA Forest Service—Ozark-St. Francis This FLN Wildlife Management Areas NF (Big Piney Ranger District) , over $8.5 million in fed- pine is found. eral funding has been awarded to this also continues to bring Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission collaborative partnership for ecosys- partners together for field trips, work- Arkansas Wildlife Federation tem management across the Interior shops and project proposal develop- National Forest Foundation Highlands, starting with the 60,000- ment for large, collaboratively-based National Park Service—Buffalo acre Woodland Ecosystem Project woodland and glade restoration proj- National River (WEP), which continues to be a model ects, such as those being done under National Wild Turkey Federation The Fire Learning Network is supported by Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted for landscape-scale restoration. Both the “Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem Ouachita Timber Purchasers Group Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative funding and the scale of work have Resiliency” program. Finally, the FLN The Nature Conservancy—Arkansas agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the grown since then, with partners now assists partners with institutionalizing USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service—Arkansas ment of the Interior. For more information, contact working on two CFLRP projects (over restoration programs and developing Field Office Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 161 million acres) and the 80,000-acre public demonstration areas through- v. 8 Oct 14 Happy Bat Project on the Sylamore out region. Southern Blue Ridge Margit Bucher [email protected] (919) 794-4368 Fire Learning Network Beth Buchanan [email protected] (540) 265-5129

Network Landscapes Northern Escarpment Central Blue Ridge Escarpment and Scientists, and continues to play a New River Headwaters Georgia Blue Ridge Mountains KY VA Great Smoky & Unaka Mountains key role in providing opportunities for Great Smoky & Unaka Mountains Central Blue Partners Nantahala & Balsam Mountains networking among scientists, managers Ridge Escarpment New River Headwaters and practitioners. This accelerates in the Southern Blue Ridge FLN transfer of knowledge and feedback that South Northern Escarpment Well-attended workshops, Mountains (SBR FLN) collaborate to develop, share Nantahala & Balsam South Mountains supports adaptive management. TN Mountains NC and apply the best available science to Southern Blue Ridge Escarpment collabora- Georgia Southern restore fire across a vast, diverse region. Blue Ridge Blue Ridge tive projects, and tools shared by Mountains Escarpment Partners and stakeholders work in webinar and other means have helped teams in the network’s eight landscapes the SBR FLN build strong working forests—which are changing, due to SC Vegetationto set and achieve maps, restoration models and goals tools in partnerships. These in turn support GA their fire-adapted pine and oak forests. almost a century of fire suppression—is the steady growth of the network, most South Carolina Forestry Commission Partnershipalso being used burns to build wider support recently with the addition of the Georgia for the use of controlled fire. South Carolina State Parks developed by partners help build a co- Blue Ridge Mountains landscape. This The Nature Conservancy—Georgia, North across multiple hesive vision and description of restor- landscape brings a new dimension to the Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee ation needs. Landscape teams have ownerships have become quite common SBR FLN, as it includes Towns County, a Towns County (Fire Adapted Communities adapted a regional treatment prioritiza- in most landscapes, and more are Fire Adapted Communities (FAC) Learn- Learning Network) tion tool and applied it locally, with each planned for the coming year. Partly as ingNetwork Network Partners pilot community. USDA Forest Service—Chattahoochee- learning from other landscapes’ work. a result of the last SBR regional work- Consortium of Appalachian Fire Managers Oconee NF (Blue Ridge RD, Chattooga The SBR FLN has also collaborated with shop, state agencies in North and South and Scientists River RD, Conasauga RD); Cherokee NF the Cherokee National Forest Land- ACarolina network are of discussing monitoring collaborative Forest Stewards (Unaka RD); National Forests in North scape Restoration Initiative, Central burning for the first time. Georgia Department of Natural Resources Carolina: Nantahala NF (Cheoah RD, Appalachians FLN and LANDFIRE to plots estab- —State Parks; Wildlife Resources Tusquittee RD, Nantahala RD); Pisgah adapt LANDFIRE models to this region. lished by Forest Stewards enables Division (Game, Nongame) NF (Grandfather RD); Region 8 Fire & The models, along with a LiDAR-based partners to track the effectiveness of Georgia Forest Watch Aviation forest structure analysis and the vegeta- management actions. Consistent, long- Greenville Water USDA Forest Service—Southern Research tion maps, have been used to estimate term monitoring is essential, since it Land Trust for the Little Tennessee River Station the departure of current vegetation from can take years—and multiple treat- National Park Service—Blue Ridge Park- Western North Carolina Alliance historic conditions across the National ments—for the full impact of fire in way; Great Smoky Mountains NP Forests of North Carolina. This informa- hardwoods to become evident. The first North Carolina Division of Parks and tion is informing forest planning and comprehensive assessment using these Recreation North Carolina Forest Service National Environmental Policy Analysis data was recently completed, and will The Fire Learning Network is supported by Promoting Eco- Fire history research North Carolina Wildlife Resources (NEPA) projects in several landscapes. be used to inform planning for future system Resilience and Fire Adapted Communities Together This network Commission (PERFACT), a cooperative agreement between The Nature on three SBR burns and other restoration work. Conservancy, the USDA Forest Service and agencies of the South Carolina Division of Natural Department of the Interior. For more information, contact FLN landscapes is shaping prescribed helped build the founda- Resources Lynn Decker ([email protected]). fire regimes. Evidence that fire histori- tion of the Joint Fire Science Program’s v. 10 Nov 14 17 cally played a role in maintaining these Consortium of Appalachian Fire Managers Washington Reese Lolley [email protected] (509) 248-6697 Mary Sutton Carruthers [email protected] (509) 665-6611 Dry Forests Ryan Anderson [email protected] (509) 452-8392 Fire Learning Network Dale Swedberg [email protected] (509) 826-7205 Landscape Partners Bureau of Land Management SinlahekinCANADA & Methow Center for Natural Lands Management Omak More than three million acres Chumstick Wildfire Stewardship Chelan Coalition Leavenworth of dry Evergreen State—birthplace of the tleSeat Wenatchee Conservation Northwest forests in central and eastern Washing- “Big Burn” of 1910. Many see fire as Kittitas County Conservation District ton need active restoration. Intensify- being too risky or as bad for people, Olympia Ellensburg South Central Washington Resource ing wildfires threaten wildlife habitat, wildlife, air and water; others view fire WASHINGTON Conservation & Development Council Mt. RanierTapash Yakima clean water, recreation and local liveli- as wasteful, using up resources that The Nature Conservancy hoods. These fires also cost taxpayers could otherwise be harvested. And USDA Forest Service—Okanogan- increasingly large sums to suppress. since the 1970s, increasing concerns Portland Wenatchee NF (Supervisors Office; Our network provides leadership in about air quality have led to regula- Cle Elum RD, Naches RD) OREGON the North Central Washington Forest tions that originally only restricted the USDA Forest Service—Region 6 Collaborative, the Tapash Sustainable burning of logging slash in western Washington Department of Fish and Prescribed Fire Council Forest Collaborative and the Wash- Washington to be applied statewide. Wildlife (L.T. Murray, Methow, Oak ington Prescribed Fire Council, all of Creek and Sinlahekin Wildlife Areas) which work to identify and employ integrating social and ecological In 2010, to initiate a shift in this Washington Department of Fish and strategies that increase the pace and aspects of wildland fire by engaging a culture, this network took a lead role Wildlife (prescribed burn team) scale of active restoration and increase broader network of fire professionals in expanding the efforts of the North Yakima County Fire community resiliency. and community members through the Central Prescribed Fire Council to a WUI homeowners Two complementary tools can be framework of Fire Adapted Com- statewide organization, developing used to restore forests and reduce the munities (FAC)—working with those its capacity to “protect, conserve, and social, ecological and economic costs living with, and those responsible for expand the safe and responsible use of wildfires: mechanical thinning and management of, fire in the wildland- about FAC concepts and share ideas for of prescribed fire on the Washington controlled burning. The key barrier to urban interface. We are working taking action. We see FAC as a fruitful landscape to meet both public and the use of fire to meet economic, social closely with the Leavenworth FAC new approach to engaging community private management objectives.” The and ecological restoration goals is Learning Network pilot community members, which provides a means to Council now brings together a diverse cultural. There is a historically strong in the Tapash landscape as they test discuss land management options and set of people from federal and state cultural bias against fire in the approaches for mobilizing community make proactive choices that benefit the agencies, industry, and NGOs, repre- Network Landscapes members in their various roles. The landscape and people living there. senting clean air, homeowner, industry, Tapash Sustainable Forest network is also helping to start a FAC policy and land management perspec- Collaborative & fire adapted pilot community in the Tapash land- The Fire Learning Network is supported by tives. The Council is now working to Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted community scape, where we have long worked on identify policy barriers and recom- Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative cross-ownership controlled burning agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the Sinlahekin & Methow Ecosystem mend changes to expand the safe use and the Tapash Collaborative Forest USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- Restoration Demonstration ofFire controlled Adapted burning. Communities ment of the Interior. For more information, contact Landscape Landscape Restoration Project. Two Lynn Decker ([email protected]). 18 FAC workshops in early 2014 brought v. 12 Nov 14 The FLN is also using a new approach, community members together to learn Western Klamath

Mountains Will Harling [email protected] (530) 627-3202 Fire Learning Network Bill Tripp [email protected] (530) 627-3446 x 3023 Landscape Partners California Environmental Protection OREGON Agency—State Water Resources Control Board The Western Klamath Happy Camp Deer Creek GIS Klamath Happy Camp Coordinating Committee Clear Creek Restoration Six NF Happy Camp Fire Safe Council Rivers Western Karuk Tribe—Department of Emergency Partnership is a diverse working group Top: The Butler and Salmon River Complex Fires NF representing nearly all major stake- burned over 25,000 acres near the towns of Forks Klamath Services; Department of Natural of Salmon and Sawyers Bar during the summer of Mountains Resources holders in the region. This partnership 2013. The scope of high severity burns is visible as has shown support for focused point red patches where tree mortality was high in plan- Somes Bar Mid Klamath Watershed Council resource protection that will allow tations following salvage logging after the 1977 Orleans Sawyers Bar National Oceanic and Atmospheric Hog Fire. © Thomas B. Dunklin Administration—Fisheries greater use of wildfires on the edges of Forks of Salmon fire season to achieve landscape-scale Bottom: A landowner celebrates a burn on his Northern California Prescribed Fire property during the Fall 2013 Northern California Redwood Cecilville fuels reduction and ecosystem restora- National Council Prescribed Fire Training Exchange. Burns like this Park tion goals. Our network is currently are helping communities become better adapted Orleans Volunteer Fire Department focusing on bringing participants in to fire in this landscape. © TNC/Mary Huffman Orleans-Somes Bar Fire Safe Council Salmon River Fire Safe Council the Western Klamath Restoration Part- Shasta- nership from agreement in principle CALIFORNIA Trinity NF Salmon River Restoration Council on manual, mechanical and prescribed Salmon River Volunteer Fire and Rescue burning treatments to agreement in to participate in implementing pre- University of California, Berkeley practice through collaboratively devel- scribed burns for community protec- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency We are building local capacity We are educating oped prescriptions. tion and resource benefits. Science Consortium, committed to U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service reducing the gap between fire science to at the local, region- USDA Forest Service—Klamath National and fire management across north- implement treatments that will affect al and national levels through videos, Forest; Six Rivers National Forest ern California; work with the Inter- fire management options at the land- articles and presentations that high- USDA Forest Service—Pacific Southwest tribal Timber Council; and have been scapeWe are scale. developing light innovative ways of managing fire Research Station involved in the development of the in the Mediterranean climates of the USDA Natural Resources Conservation management Western Region Strategy Committee’s westernFLN leads United States. Service—Fortuna Service Center; strategies that rely on the large-scale Phase II Report and Action Plan. This Yreka Service Center use of prescribed fire to protect rural are also on the steering FLN also works closely with the North- communities, restore cultural resourc- committeeSEE MORE for the California Fire ern California Prescribed Fire Council. es, and rejuvenate habitats for plants “Catching Fire: Prescribed Burning in Northern California,” highlights work by the prescribed and animal species that have been fire council, the Karuk Tribe and the Orleans/Somes Bar Fire Safe Council. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LWriDpfZnXQ negatively impacted by over a century The Fire Learning Network is supported by ofWe effective are implementing fire suppression. “Fall Burning in Orleans 2013,” filmed during the prescribed fire training exchange highlights Promoting Ecosystem Resilience and Fire Adapted a burn near Orleans, a Fire Adapted Communities Learning Network pilot community. Communities Together (PERFACT), a cooperative prescribed http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l6mFZyDqtJE&feature=youtu.be agreement between The Nature Conservancy, the fire training exchanges with a diverse “Lifestyles of the Rural & Fire Safe” visits five landowners using various treatments to pro- USDA Forest Service and agencies of the Depart- tect their properties. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0hmFABXAojA ment of the Interior. For more information, contact array of tribal, local, state and federal Lynn Decker ([email protected]). partners, and building mechanisms for v. 3 Sept 14 19 local and tribal community members

Scaling-up to Promote Ecosystem Resiliency (SPER) Left: Thinning along a Santa Fe County road to allow wildland fire engines to Scaling-up to Promote pass; slash was laid down to combat erosion and promote understory regen- eration. Center: Glade restoration in the Ozarks. Right: Briefing for a prescribed Ecosystem Resiliency (SPER) burn in Douthat State Park in Virginia.

Collaborative partnerships Ashland Forest Resilience Partnership The Nature Conservancy, City of Ashland, pale green outlines are Fire Learning Network landscapes; all five form the SPER projects are associated with a local FLN foundation for SPER fire and forest Lomakatsi Restoration, Rogue River-Siskiyou National Forest, Oregon Department of restoration projects. Treatments are Forestry and U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service part of long-term plans, and leverage are conducting the prioritization, planning, work on adjacent federal lands. The landowner recruitment and coordination of ( current, second round of SPER, begun 50 acres of treatments that will help protect ( in late 2013, builds on earlier SPER the city’s watershed. work and on that of the Fire Learning Network, the Fire Adapted Communi- Trinity Integrated Fire Management ( ties Learning Network and prescribed Partnership fire training exchanges. The treatments The Watershed Center, Northern California ( ( Prescribed Fire Council, Trinity Fire Safe improve system health and resiliency Council, CAL FIRE, Weaverville Volunteer and contribute to longer term progress Fire Department, Shasta-Trinity and Six by strengthening partnerships and All SPER projects Rivers National Forests, Natural Resources increasing workforce capacity. Conservation Service, Bureau of Land Man- agement, Firestorm and private landowners target treatments are building on the partnerships and training to key areas that help restore and implemented as part of the first SPER maintain resilient landscapes. They program to complete two more landscape- specifically treat state and private scale burn plans, conduct a training course lands that support, leverage or fill gaps and treat 100 acres in Trinity County with prescribed fire. Ozark Pine Woodlands & Glade Allegheny & Potomac Highlands in existing or planned federal projects, Restoration Project Restoration Project bringing them to landscape scale. The Collaboration to Reduce Risk in the The Arkansas Natural Heritage Commission, The Monongahela National Forest, North- projects in California, New Mexico and Fire Prone Southern Sangre de Cristo Arkansas Game and Fish Commission, ern Research Station, Virginia Department Oregon focus treatments on sites that Mountains Ozark-St. Francis National Forest, Buffalo of Conservation and Recreation, West also provide critical support to fire National River and The Nature Conservancy Virginia Department of Agriculture, West The Nature Conservancy, Forest Guild, Santa will implement 50 acres of invasive species Virginia Division of Natural Resources, West adapted communities in those land- Fe County, New Mexico State Forestry, Santa treatments and 1,000 acres of prescribed Virginia Rivers Coalition, U.S. Fish & Wildlife scapes. And in a variety of ways, all of Fe National Forest, City of Santa Fe and local burns. Service Partners Program and The Nature these projects also support improved companies and landowners are working Sites include calcareous glade-woodland Conservancy are implementing 2097 acres response to wildfire—by bringing together to thin and burn 50 high-priority complexes, old fields, stream corridors and of prescribed fire on state, federal and pri- diverse partners to work together, acres of private land in a landowner cost- roadsides on state land and adjoining private vate lands. They are also conducting inva- share effort. The project is also providing property. These lands are integrated as an sive plant treatments on state, federal and by increasing contact between fire training opportunities for local and regional active partners on large landscape-scale private lands, and offering stakeholders, practitioners and communities, and by SPER projects firefighters and managers to increase their woodland and glade restoration efforts on neighbors and the general public field tours augmenting the fire workforce. qualifications and capacity to promote and the Buffalo National River and Ozark- and opportunities to observe active and deliver future controlled burns. are on-the-ground St. Francis National Forest. completed controlled burns. embodiments of a broad-based, inte- grated approach to fire management.

22 v. 12 Nov 14 Fire Learning Network Indexes

Partner Types Organization and agency types of the key partners listed by the FLNs. Groups typically work with many other partners as well, estern

so this table is by no means exhaustive. entral Ridge C orthwest Siskiyou W FireScape FireScape Monterey N Centennial Waterfund Pike's Peak Rio GrandeRio Mendocino outhern Blue Great Plains CA Klamath- Klamath Mts Appalachians South Central S WA Dry Forests FEDERAL AGENCIES USDA Forest Service             Bureau of Land Management       National Park Service     U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service         USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service       Department of Defense  other federal       OTHER GOVERNMENTS state agencies & departments             local government agencies & departments       volunteer fire departments    resource conservation districts       tribal agencies & departments      NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS The Nature Conservancy          other conservation NGOs              other NGOs   FireSafe Councils     prescribed fire councils    JFSP science consortia       university extension services   university researchers, faculty, students           PRIVATE & COMMERCIAL PARTNERS private landowners & homeowners     homeowner associations / neighborhood groups    contractors     timber, ranching or agriculture      professional associations     v. 12 Nov 14 25 Areas of Focus & Expertise estern entral Ridge C orthwest Siskiyou W FireScape FireScape Monterey N Centennial Waterfund Pike's Peak Rio GrandeRio Mendocino outhern Blue Great Plains CA Klamath- Klamath Mts Appalachians South Central S WA Dry Forests HABITAT TYPES grasslands     native prairie     forests, eastern deciduous     forests, eastern mixed    oak woodlands / savannas       oak barrens  shortleaf pine    longleaf pine ponderosa pine       forests, other western conifer         forests, other western      pinyon-juniper   sagebrush   wetlands, riparian zones       arid lands sandhills old growth  COMMUNITY CONTEXT WUI (wildland-urban interface)            near major population center(s)       FAC Learning Network pilot site / hub ties        FireWise communities nearby           CWPPs nearby         smoke issues           

26 POLICY, PROCESSES,POLICY, SKILLS CONTEXT OTHER LANDSCAPE Focus & Expertise & Focus multi-agency implementation multi-agency implementation cross-boundary monitoring protocols monitoring contracting stewardship NEPA planning forest MOUs media experience volunteers using OHV recreation grazing indigenous fire management practices management indigenous fire ties JFSP to consortia information public opinion timber economy natural resource-based wilderness usedin landscape fire prescribed ties to prescribed fire council fire prescribed to ties high ownership federal % fragmentation high ownership facilitating collaboration facilitating modeling nearby wildfires recent                  CA Klamath- Siskiyou             Centennial                     Central Appalachians        FireScape Mendocino      FireScape Monterey           Great Plains                 Northwest              Pike's Peak        Rio Grande Waterfund                 South Central                   Southern Blue Ridge                  v. 12 Nov 14 Nov 12 v. WA Dry Forests                      Western Klamath Mts 27 Managing in Landscapes with Threatened & Endangered Species Many FLNs work in landscapes where species of conservation concern occur. In some cases the FLNs work directly in the management of such species--for example, as part of the Indiana Bat Project in the South Central FLN. In other cases, the work is less direct, or the presence of listed species affects the kinds of actions that are possible. The Indiana bat, northern spotted owl, Jemez Mountains salamander and fisher are among the species and subspecies of conservation concern that FLNs manage for in their landscapes. Photos: USFWS/Ann Froschauer, Rick McEwan, TNC/Anne Bradley, USFS/Dave Clayton estern entral Ridge C orthwest Siskiyou W FireScape FireScape Monterey N Centennial Waterfund Pike's Peak Rio GrandeRio Mendocino outhern Blue Great Plains CA Klamath- Klamath Mts Appalachians South Central S WA Dry Forests plants bladderpod, Missouri (Physaria filiformis )  blazing star, Heller's (Liatris helleri )  checker-mallow, Keck's (Sidalcea keckii )  clover, running buffalo (Trifolium stoloniferum )  coneflower, smooth purple (Echinacea laevigata )  geocarpon (Geocarpon minimum )  golden-heather, mountain (Hudsonia montana )  howellia, water (Howellia aquatilis )  mallow, Peter's Mountain (Iliamna corei )  pondberry (Lindera melissifolia )  rock cress, shale barren (Boechera serotina )  trillium, persistent wake-robin (Trillium persistens ) 

28 reptiles & amphibians & reptiles mammals birds Threatened Endangered & Species salamander, Jemez Mts. ( Mts. Jemez salamander, rattlesnake, timber ( legged red ( frog, ( wolverine ( wolf ( jumping meadow Preble's mouse, ( lynx ( fisher grizzlybear, ( ( Indiana bat, ( gray bat, big-earedbat, ( woodpecker, red-cockaded ( ( ivory-billed woodpecker, ( spotted northern owl, owl, Mexican spotted ( ( sage grouse, ( northern goshawk, ( peregrine falcon, baldeagle, ( ( California condor, frog, Oregon spotted ( preblei Lynx canadensis Lynx Canis lupus Canis Martes pennanti Martes ) Myotis grisescens Gulo gulo Gulo Haliaeetus leucocephalus Haliaeetus Myotis sodalis Myotis Ursus arctos Ursus Centrocercus urophasianus Centrocercus Corynorhinus townsendii, townsendii, Corynorhinus Rana draytonii Rana ) Falco peregrinus Falco Gymnogyps californianus Gymnogyps Accipiter gentilis Accipiter Crotalus horridus Crotalus ) ) Rana pretiosa Rana Strix occidentalis caurina occidentalis Strix Strix occidentalis caurina occidentalis Strix ) Plethodon neomexicanus Plethodon ) Campephilus principalis Campephilus ) ) Picoides borealis Picoides ) ) Zapus hudonius hudonius Zapus ) ) ) ) ) var. ssp.) var. ) ) ) ) ) )

  CA Klamath- Siskiyou      Centennial

  Central Appalachians

  FireScape Mendocino   FireScape Monterey

Great Plains    Northwest   Pike's Peak

   Rio Grande Waterfund      South Central       ? Southern Blue Ridge      WA Dry Forests

     ? Western Klamath Mts 29 30 molluscs fish insects Threatened Endangered & Species rock pocketbook, Ouachita ( magazinensis ( shagreen(snail) Magazine Mountain trout, cutthroat ( ( bull trout, ( steelhead salmon, salmon, coho ( ( chinook salmon, grayling ( arctic montana skipper, leonardus Pawnee montane (Hesperia dimorphus californicus ( longhorn elderberry valley beetle, burying ( American beetle, Salvelinus confluentus Salvelinus ) Oncorhynchus kisutch Oncorhynchus Thymallus arcticus Thymallus Oncorhynchus clarki, Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus mykiss Oncorhynchus ) Nicrophorus americanus Nicrophorus Arkansia wheeleri Arkansia ) ) Desmocerus Desmocerus ) Mesodon Mesodon var. ssp.) ssp.) var. ) ) ) ) ) 

CA Klamath- Siskiyou   Centennial

Central Appalachians    FireScape Mendocino

 FireScape Monterey

Great Plains    Northwest   Pike's Peak

Rio Grande Waterfund    South Central

Southern Blue Ridge     WA Dry Forests v. 12v. Nov 14

? Western Klamath Mts Managing Invasive Species Many FLNs manage for one or more invasive plant species. In some cases, this is independent of their fire-related work, but in many cases, fire and invasive species are intricately related, each affecting the other in complex ways.

Prescribed fire training exchanges in the Great Plains help keep eastern redcedar from encroaching on grasslands in the north-central Nebraska'a Niobrara Valley (left ) and in the Loess Hills of Iowa (right ). tral tern tern thwest es en Ridge thern Blue C or Siskiyou W FireScape FireScape Monterey N Centennial Waterfund Pike's Peak Rio GrandeRio Mendocino Great Plains CA Klamath- Klamath Mts Appalachians South Central Sou WA Dry Forests grasses cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum )  fescue, tall (Schedonorus arundinaceus )  Johnson grass (Sorghum halepense )  medusahead rye (Taeniatherum caput-medusae )   reed canarygrass (Phalaris arundinacea )  silvergrass, Chinese (Miscanthus sinensis )  trees eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana )   mimosa (Albizia julibrissin )  olive, autumn (Elaeagnus umbellata )  princess tree (Paulownia tomentosa )   tamarisk (Tamarix ramosissima )  tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima )       

31 32 forbs, shrubs, etc. Invasive Species

yam, Chinese ( Chinese yam, vetch, crown( ( yellow toadflax, ( Dalmation toadflax, ( star thistle, thistle, nutans musk (Carduus Canadian ( thistle, ( common tansy, ( wort John's St. ( spurge, leafy ( lespedeza sericea ( multiflora rose, ( marlahan mustard, garlic ( mustard, knotweed, Japanese cuspidatum (Reynoutria knapweed, maculosa spotted (Centaurea ( diffuse knapweed, hawkweed, orange ( ( houndstongue ( poison hemlock, coltsfoot ( scoparius Scotch (Cytisus broom, ( French broom, ( blackberry bittersweet, Oriental ( Japanese( barberry, Tussilago farfara Tussilago Rubus pascuus Rubus Centaurea solstitialis Centaurea Euphorbia esula Euphorbia Coronilla varia Coronilla Dioscorea polystachya Dioscorea Cynoglossum officinaleCynoglossum Hypericum perforatum Hypericum Genista monspessulana Genista Alliaria petiolata Rosa multiflora Rosa Tanacetum vulgare Tanacetum Linaria vulgaris Linaria Conium maculatum Conium Cirsium arvense Cirsium Lespedeza cuneata Lespedeza Centaurea diffusa Centaurea Berberis thunbergii Berberis Isatis tinctoria Hieracium aurantiacum Hieracium Linaria dalmatica Linaria Celastrus orbiculatus Celastrus ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) ) )

     CA Klamath- Siskiyou     Centennial    Central Appalachians    FireScape Mendocino

FireScape Monterey   Great Plains      Northwest

Pike's Peak

Rio Grande Waterfund      South Central        Southern Blue Ridge

WA Dry Forests v. 10v. Nov 14          Western Klamath Mts http://conservationgateway.org/fln