Soldierflies and allies in Britain and Ireland

Compiled by Martin C. Harvey for the Soldierflies and Allies Recording Scheme Version 3 at 4 February 2018

Species names and English names are those used in the UK Species Inventory at February 2018. Conservation status is taken from: Drake, C.M. 2017. A review of the status of Larger Brachycera of Great Britain - Species Status No.29. Natural England. ID difficulty codes were compiled in conjunction with the Biological Records Centre for use with the NBN Record Cleaner. A spreadsheet version of this checklist (containing additional data) can also be downloaded.

ID Definition difficulty 1 Can be identified at sight in the field by anyone with a bit of experience. Species with which the beginner rapidly becomes familiar. Usually identifiable from a photo. 2 Can be identified in the field with care and experience. Needs a good view or the netting of a specimen to check, but the specimen can then be released. Beginners need to take specimens until they gain familiarity and experience. May be identifiable from a good photo or series of photos. 3 Specimen needs checking under magnification and good lighting. Records accepted from experienced recorders without further question (unless the date, region or habitat was especially unusual). Beginners should get specimens checked at first until they gain experience. Usually not identifiable from a photo - unless you are lucky and get exactly the right features! 4 Voucher specimen should be retained. Confirmation would be required in the majority of cases, e.g. specimen having been checked by an acknowledged expert. 5 Even the most expert of recorders would seek a second opinion. Specimen may need to be passed on to further experts for comparison with a wider range of material.

Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Acroceridae Acrocera Top-horned 2 mainly southern, some dry grassland, heathland, Least Nationally orbiculus Hunchback records from Wales and fens, bogs Concern Scarce Scotland Acroceridae Ogcodes gibbosus Smart- 2 mostly southern England wet grassland, chalk Near Nationally banded (plus single record in VC69) grassland, bogs, isolated Threatened Rare Hunchback trees and scrub Acroceridae Ogcodes pallipes Black- 2 southern England calcareous grassland with Least Nationally rimmed scrub Concern Scarce Hunchback Asilidae Asilus Hornet 1 southern England and Wales heaths, calcareous Least crabroniformis Robberfly grassland, neutral grassland Concern Asilidae Choerades Golden- 2 southern England, midlands ancient oak woodland Least marginatus haired Concern Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria Violet 2 mainly England open grassland, woodland Least atricapilla Black- rides Concern legged Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria Stripe- 2 mainly England edges of woods and scrub Least baumhaueri legged Concern Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria Scarce Red- 3 scattered wet woodland, river banks Least Nationally cothurnata legged Concern Scarce Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria linearis Small 2 mainly southern England and dappled shade in woodland Least Yellow- midlands Concern legged Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria Orange- 2 widespread, more frequent in oak woodland Least Nationally oelandica legged west Concern Scarce Robberfly Asilidae Dioctria rufipes Common 3 widespread in England, local grassland with scrub, Least Red-legged in Wales and Scotland woodland margins Concern Robberfly Asilidae Dysmachus Fan-bristled 2 very widespread, more sandy soils: heaths and Least trigonus Robberfly frequent in south dunes, mainly coastal in Concern north Asilidae Eutolmus Golden- 2 south-eastern England heaths, with some grassy Least Nationally rufibarbis tabbed areas, edges of woodland on Concern Scarce Robberfly sandy soil

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 1 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Asilidae Laphria flava Bumblebee 2 Scottish Highlands ancient pine woods Least Nationally Robberfly Concern Scarce Asilidae Lasiopogon Spring 3 mainly southern, north to dry sandy soils, heaths and Least Nationally cinctus Heath Cumbria dunes Concern Scarce Robberfly Asilidae Leptarthrus Slender- 2 widespread calcareous grassland in Least brevirostris footed south, sometimes found by Concern Robberfly springs or pools, in more acidic and wooded conditions in west and north Asilidae Leptarthrus False 2 south-east England calcareous grassland, Least Nationally vitripennis Slender- recently found in floodplain Concern Rare footed grasslands Robberfly Asilidae Leptogaster Striped 2 widespread in England, tall, open grassland on dry Least cylindrica Slender especially south, rare and soils Concern Robberfly coastal in Wales Asilidae Leptogaster Dashed 3 widespread except in west scrub and woodland edge Least guttiventris Slender Concern Robberfly Asilidae Machimus Breck 4 East Anglia Breckland, sandy soil Endangered Nationally arthriticus Robberfly Rare Asilidae Machimus Kite-tailed 3 widespread in south, open habitats on dry soils, Least atricapillus Robberfly becoming rare north to with some shelter Concern Scotland Asilidae Machimus Brown 3 widespread in south, sandy heaths and dunes, Least cingulatus Heath becoming rare north to coastal in north and west Concern Robberfly Scotland Asilidae Machimus cowini Irish 4 Ireland, Isle of Man, sandy soils with low scrubby Endangered Nationally Robberfly Cumbrian coast vegetation Rare Asilidae Machimus Downland 3 south-east England calcareous grasslands Least Nationally rusticus Robberfly Concern Scarce Asilidae Neoitamus Scarce Awl 4 south Wales (fomerly in open woodland, bracken Critically Nationally cothurnatus Robberfly woods near Oxford) slopes Endangered Rare Asilidae Neoitamus Common 3 widespread, rarer in north woodland, especially Least cyanurus Awl ancient, usually along rides Concern Robberfly Asilidae Neomochtherus Devon Red- 4 SHropshire, formerly on grassland with exposed rock, Critically Nationally pallipes legged south coast of Devon on sandy soils Endangered Rare Robberfly Asilidae Pamponerus Pied- 2 mostly west coast of England sand dunes Least Nationally germanicus winged and Wales, some inland sites, Concern Scarce Robberfly north to Scotland Asilidae Philonicus Dune 3 mostly coastal, rarer in sand dunes, occasional on Least albiceps Robberfly Scotland heaths inland Concern Asilidae Rhadiurgus Northern 3 Scottish Highlands (formerly forest glades and margins, Vulnerable Nationally variabilis Robberfly more widespread in Scotland) and wooded river margins Rare Athericidae Atherix ibis Yellow- 2 mainly western lowland, slow-flowing rivers Least legged Concern Water- snipefly Athericidae Atrichops Least 3 southern England and Wales lowland, non-acidic rivers Least Nationally crassipes Water- Concern Scarce snipefly Athericidae Ibisia marginata Black- 2 mostly western small rivers with stony beds, Least Nationally legged mainly in the hills Concern Scarce Water- snipefly Bombyliidae Anthrax anthrax Anthracite 2 gardens and parks Not Bee- Evaluated Bombyliidae Bombylius Western 2 mostly western a variety of open habitats, Least Nationally canescens Bee-fly including hillsides, gorges, Concern Scarce landslips, open woodland, shingle grassland etc. Bombyliidae Bombylius Dotted Bee- 2 southern England and Wales gardens, calcareous Least discolor fly grassland, woodlands, Concern landslipped cliffs Bombyliidae Bombylius major Dark-edged 1 widespread various, usually open and Least Bee-fly sunny with bee populations Concern

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 2 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Bombyliidae Bombylius minor Heath Bee- 2 South-east Dorset and the heaths, sandy banks and pits Vulnerable Nationally fly Isle of Man (older records Rare more widespread in south- west England) Bombyliidae Phthiria pulicaria Flea Bee-fly 2 mostly coastal sand dunes, sandy heaths Least Nationally Concern Scarce Bombyliidae Thyridanthrax Mottled 1 southern England sandy heaths Least Nationally fenestratus Bee-fly Concern Scarce Bombyliidae Villa cingulata Downland 3 southern England grassland, usually calcareous Least Nationally Villa Concern Rare Bombyliidae Villa modesta Dune Villa 3 mostly coastal sand dunes (partly fixed), old Least Nationally records for Breckland Concern Scarce Bombyliidae Villa venusta Heath Villa 4 southern England dry heathland Critically Nationally Endangered Rare Rhagionidae Chrysopilus Little 2 widespread, local in north various: gardens, Least asiliformis Snipefly hedgerows, woodland Concern margins, marshes and fens Rhagionidae Chrysopilus Black 2 widespread damp soils in meadows, Least cristatus Snipefly marshes, fens, ditches Concern Rhagionidae Chrysopilus Silver- 3 northern and western stony streams in upland Least Nationally erythrophthalmus banded uplands areas, perhaps needing Concern Scarce Snipefly calcareous conditions Rhagionidae Chrysopilus laetus Tree 4 south-east England wood mould in old trees, Near Nationally Snipefly often but not always in Threatened Scarce ancient woodland Rhagionidae Ptiolina nigra Pale-fringed 5 widespread but very local dunes, moorland, woodland Least Nationally Moss- Concern Scarce snipefly Rhagionidae Ptiolina obscura Black-fringe 5 widely scattered usually woodland, also Least Moss- marsh and wet acid Concern snipefly grassland Rhagionidae Rhagio annulatus Wood 4 southern England, Scotland woodland edge but on a Near Nationally Snipefly (including Orkney) variety of soils (and in open Threatened Rare habitat on Orkney) Rhagionidae Rhagio lineola Small Fleck- 2 widespread woodland edge, scrub, Least winged hedgerows with trees Concern Snipefly Rhagionidae Rhagio notatus Large Fleck- 3 mostly northern, but often at river margins, but Least winged scattered in the south also found on dry hills Concern Snipefly Rhagionidae Rhagio Downlooker 1 widespread damp meadows, also drier Least scolopaceus Snipefly soils and woodland Concern Rhagionidae Rhagio strigosus Yellow 4 southern England (Chilterns, woodland edge, also isolated Vulnerable Nationally Downlooker North Downs) trees and telegraph poles, in Rare Snipefly calcareous areas Rhagionidae Rhagio tringarius Marsh 2 widespread, scarcer in marshes and wet meadows, Least Snipefly Scotland pond edges, woodland Concern Rhagionidae Spania nigra Liverwort 4 widespread associated with liverworts, Least Snipefly usually in open habitats but Concern sometimes in woodland Rhagionidae Symphoromyia Moorland 3 western and northern Britain upland bogs, marshes and Least crassicornis Snipefly streams, lowland wet Concern meadows and marshes Rhagionidae Symphoromyia Limestone 3 southern and eastern dry calcareous grassland, Least Nationally immaculata Snipefly England north to Yorks sometimes on clay Concern Scarce Scenopinidae Scenopinus House 3 more frequent in the south, synanthropic; houses, Least fenestralis Windowfly north to Humber stables, flour mills Concern Scenopinidae Scenopinus niger Forest 3 mostly southern England, old, decaying trees Near Nationally Windowfly scattered in Wales and Threatened Scarce Scotland Beris chalybata Murky- 3 widespread lush vegetation at woodland Least legged edges, rides and hedgerows, Concern Black also gardens, marshes, fens Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Beris clavipes Scarce 2 widespread in south, rare in marshes and fens Least Orange Scotland Concern Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Beris fuscipes Short- 3 widespread, especially in fens and marshes Least horned west Concern Black Legionnaire

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 3 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Stratiomyidae Beris geniculata Long- 3 widespread, more frequent in fens, marshes, wet woods, Least horned north and west sheltered streams Concern Black Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Beris morrisii Yellow- 3 widespread, more frequent in damp ground at woodland Least legged south edges or around trees Concern Black Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Beris vallata Common 2 widespread fens, marshes, wet Least Orange woodland, with tall Concern Legionnaire vegetation or scrub Stratiomyidae Chloromyia Broad 1 widespread fens, marshes, meadows, Least formosa Centurion woodland glades, gardens, Concern usually on rich soils Stratiomyidae Chorisops Bright Four- 3 widespread in England and fens, peat soils Least nagatomii spined Wales Concern Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Chorisops tibialis Dull Four- 3 widespread in England and shaded conditions, Least spined Wales woodland rides Concern Legionnaire Stratiomyidae Eupachygaster Scarce 3 scattered rot-holes in deciduous trees Least Nationally tarsalis Black Concern Scarce Stratiomyidae Microchrysa Black Gem 2 widespread woodland edge, hedgerows, Least cyaneiventris isolated trees and bushes Concern Stratiomyidae Microchrysa Green Gem 2 widespread woodland edge, hedgerows, Least flavicornis isolated trees and bushes Concern Stratiomyidae Microchrysa Black- 2 widespread gardens, hedgerows Least polita horned Concern Gem Stratiomyidae All-black 3 widespread in south, less so calcareous fens and marshy Least nigrinus Snout in north ground, coastal ditches and Concern dune pools Stratiomyidae Nemotelus Flecked 3 widespread around coast, saline pools Least notatus Snout occasional inland Concern Stratiomyidae Nemotelus Fen Snout 3 widespread in south, scarcer seepages, including damp Least pantherinus in north fen and meadows, ponds Concern and ditches Stratiomyidae Nemotelus Barred 3 widespread around coast saline pools Least uliginosus Snout Concern Stratiomyidae Neopachygaster Silver-strips 3 scattered, mostly aouth-east, under bark of various trees Least Nationally meromelas Black north to Yorks Concern Scarce Stratiomyidae Odontomyia Orange- 3 Fens in Oxon, New Forest and fenland pools, pingos, may Vulnerable Nationally angulata horned East Anglia (formerly also need ancient pools; mires Rare Green Somerset) with base-rich conditions Colonel Stratiomyidae Odontomyia Silver 2 south-east fens, marshes, floodplain Least Nationally argentata Colonel pools and ditches Concern Scarce Stratiomyidae Odontomyia Barred 3 Yorkshire, fomerly Ceredigion seepages in meadows Critically Nationally hydroleon Green in Wales Endangered Rare Colonel Stratiomyidae Odontomyia Ornate 2 scattered in southern Britain ditches in grazing levels Least Nationally ornata Brigadier Concern Scarce Stratiomyidae Odontomyia Black 2 scattered in south, scarcer in margins of ponds, ditches Least tigrina Colonel north and canals Concern Stratiomyidae Oplodontha Common 3 widespread, more frequent open habitats with lush Least viridula Green near coast vegetation on alluvium, clay Concern Colonel or fen peat Stratiomyidae Dark- 2 scattered across southern fen, marsh, calcareous Vulnerable Nationally winged half of England, more spring-fed streams at edge Rare Soldier restricted in recent years of woodland or in open woodland Stratiomyidae Round- 2 Scotland, northern England, seepages at edges of Least Nationally spotted Wales woodland, moorlands, often Concern Scarce Major but not always at calcareous sites Stratiomyidae Oxycera fallenii Irish Major 2 Yorks and Ireland calcareous springs, Vulnerable Nationally seepages, streams Rare Stratiomyidae Twin- 3 East Anglia calcareous springs, Vulnerable Nationally spotted seepages, often with Alder Rare Major carr

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 4 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Stratiomyidae White- 3 scattered in lowland areas seepages, marshes Least barred Concern Soldier Stratiomyidae Oxycera Delicate 3 widespread in southern calcareous springs and Least nigricornis Soldier England streams, seepages in Concern woodland and carr Stratiomyidae Oxycera Hill Soldier 3 scattered, most frequent in calcareous springs and Least Nationally pardalina northern England streams, often on hills, Concern Scarce coastal landslips Stratiomyidae Pygmy 3 widespread calcareous seepages on Least Soldier open sites, occasionally in Concern woodland Stratiomyidae Four-barred 2 widespread in southern half seepages and wet mud at Least Major of England and in Wales edge of ponds and ditches, Concern coastal landslips, wet meadows, marsh and fen, sometimes in brackish conditions Stratiomyidae Oxycera Yellow- 3 Welsh borders, midlands and calcareous seepages, sandy Near Nationally terminata tipped southern England river banks with Alder, river Threatened Scarce Soldier shingle Stratiomyidae Three-lined 2 widespread, scarcer in north coastal ditches, pools, Least Soldier ponds, springs, streams Concern Stratiomyidae Pachygaster atra Dark- 2 widespread in south, trees and bushes, woodland Least winged becoming rarer in north edges and hedgerows Concern Black Stratiomyidae Pachygaster Yellow- 2 widespread in south, trees and bushes, woodland Least leachii legged becoming rarer in north edges and hedgerows Concern Black Stratiomyidae Sargus Twin-spot 2 widespread in lowland Britain wood margins, hedgerows, Least bipunctatus Centurion gardens, cattle-grazed fields Concern Stratiomyidae Sargus cuprarius Clouded 4 Apparently widespread but grazing levels Data Nationally Centurion few fully confirmed records Deficient Rare Stratiomyidae Sargus flavipes Yellow- 3 widespread wood margins, hedgerows, Least legged cattle-grazed fields Concern Centurion Stratiomyidae Sargus iridatus Iridescent 4 widespread in lowland Britain wood margins, hedgerows, Least Centurion cattle-grazed fields Concern Stratiomyidae Stratiomys Clubbed 2 known from just three areas, fen pools and seepages Endangered Nationally chamaeleon General one each in England, Wales Rare and Scotland (formerly more widespread) Stratiomyidae Stratiomys Long- 2 coasts of south-east England, brackish and salt marsh Least Nationally longicornis horned spreading inland Concern Scarce General Stratiomyidae Stratiomys Banded 2 widespread, scarcer in the wet meadows with ditches, Least potamida General north, not in Scotland streams, springs or Concern seepages, pools and ponds, sometimes in carr or along lowland rivers Stratiomyidae Stratiomys Flecked 2 largely coastal and southern, ditches on coastal marshes, Least singularior General some inland records brackish pools Concern Stratiomyidae Vanoyia Long- 3 widespread in lowlands of fens, wet meadows, Least tenuicornis horned southern Britain seepages, dune slacks Concern Soldier Stratiomyidae Zabrachia tenella Pine Black 3 South-east England (formerly pine woods (larvae under Endangered Nationally widespread in GB) bark) Rare Tabanidae Atylotus fulvus Golden 3 local in southern England, heathland valley mires, Least Nationally Horsefly rare further north hillside mires Concern Scarce Tabanidae Atylotus Saltmarsh 3 south-east coasts saltmarsh Least Nationally latistriatus Horsefly Concern Scarce Tabanidae Atylotus plebeius Cheshire 4 Shropshire/Cheshire Shropshire/Cheshire mosses Endangered Nationally Horsefly Rare Tabanidae Atylotus rusticus Four-lined 3 Sussex/Oxon/Bucks/Somerset Sussex levels, Oxon/Bucks Least Nationally Horsefly grazing marshes Concern Rare Tabanidae Chrysops Splayed 2 widespread in south, scarce wet woods, shaded bogs, Least caecutiens Deerfly in north fens and marshes Concern Tabanidae Chrysops relictus Twin-lobed 3 widespread in south, scarce wet alluvial meadows, other Least Deerfly in north damp habitats Concern Tabanidae Chrysops Black 4 scattered; New Forest, bog pools with Sphagnum Least Nationally sepulcralis Deerfly Cumbria, Scotland Concern Scarce

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 5 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Tabanidae Chrysops Square-spot 3 widespread in south, scarce wet grassland, mires, water Least viduatus Deerfly in north margins, wet woods Concern Tabanidae Haematopota Big-spotted 3 coastal coastal marshes, more Least Nationally bigoti Cleg frequent in south Concern Scarce Tabanidae Haematopota Black- 3 widespread, more frequent in uplands, lowland grazing Least crassicornis horned Cleg north levels, open habitats Concern Tabanidae Haematopota Long- 3 mainly coastal, mostly south- saltmarsh, carr adjoining Least Nationally grandis horned Cleg east plus Wales, Surrey saltmarsh Concern Scarce Tabanidae Haematopota Notch- 3 widespread various Least pluvialis horned Cleg Concern Tabanidae Haematopota Levels Cleg 3 south-east coast (first grazing levels Least Nationally subcylindrica recorded 1987) Concern Rare Tabanidae Hybomitra Hairy- 3 scattered, mostly southern lowland woods on boggy Least bimaculata legged but north to Cumbria heaths, fens and marshy Concern Horsefly grassland near woods Tabanidae Hybomitra ciureai Levels 3 coastal, south-east, south grazing levels, freshwater Least Nationally Yellow- Wales ditches Concern Scarce horned Horsefly Tabanidae Hybomitra Bright 4 widespread, scarcer in north wet meadows and pastures, Least distinguenda Horsefly wet woods, heaths and bogs Concern Tabanidae Hybomitra Striped 4 coastal, south-east brackish marshes Near Nationally expollicata Horsefly Threatened Rare Tabanidae Hybomitra lurida Broad- 4 Scotland, north Wales, mires, Shropshire/Cheshire Vulnerable Nationally headed Cumbria, mosses Rare Horsefly Shropshire/Cheshire Tabanidae Hybomitra Black- 3 scattered in England and wet grassland next to Vulnerable Nationally micans legged Wales, an old record for woodland Rare Horsefly Scotland Tabanidae Hybomitra Slender- 4 Scotland, Wales, northern bogs, mires, wet heaths Least montana horned England, New Forest, Sussex Concern Horsefly Tabanidae Hybomitra Broadland 4 Norfolk, Wales, many fens, in conjunction with Least Nationally muehlfeldi Horsefly unconfirmed records from pingos and bogs Concern Scarce elsewhere Tabanidae Hybomitra Scarce 4 New Forest, Oxfordshire mires and fens Endangered Nationally solstitialis Forest Rare Horsefly Tabanidae Tabanus Large 3 widespread in south, more coastal levels, inland grazing Least autumnalis Marsh frequent near coast marsh Concern Horsefly Tabanidae Tabanus bovinus Pale Giant 5 New Forest, Somerset grazing marsh ditches Endangered Nationally Horsefly Rare Tabanidae Tabanus bromius Band-eyed 3 southern England and Wales woodland (formerly more Least Brown widespread in meadows) Concern Horsefly Tabanidae Tabanus cordiger Plain-eyed 4 New Forest, scattered woodland, streams, river Least Nationally Grey elsewhere in west and north shingle Concern Scarce Horsefly Tabanidae Tabanus Downland 3 Surrey, Hampshire, Oxon chalk grassland with scrub Endangered Nationally glaucopis Horsefly (formerly more widespread) and woodland Rare Tabanidae Tabanus Narrow- 3 England, mostly south (New woodland with streams, Least Nationally maculicornis winged Forest), Wales seepages and marsh Concern Scarce Horsefly Tabanidae Tabanus miki Plain-eyed 4 New Forest, plus Norfolk, wet woodland Near Nationally Brown Northants, Surrey, Threatened Rare Horsefly Glamorgan, Monmouthshire Tabanidae Tabanus Dark Giant 4 mainly western and northern wet heathland and moorland Least sudeticus Horsefly Concern Therevidae Acrosathe Coastal 3 widespread on coastal dunes coastal dunes, some inland Least annulata Silver- around the country sandy areas Concern stiletto Therevidae Cliorismia rustica Southern 3 southern and midland lowland rivers in sandy Least Nationally Silver- England districts Concern Scarce stiletto Therevidae Dialineura anilis Swollen 3 coastal dunes Least Nationally Silver- Concern Scarce stiletto Therevidae Pandivirilia Forest 3 central England, mostly old trees, often in ancient Near Nationally melaleuca Silver- Thames valley and Gloucs- parkland Threatened Rare stiletto Worcs

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 6 of 8 Family Species English ID Distribution Habitat GB threat GB rarity difficulty status status Therevidae Spiriverpa Northern 3 Scotland, northern England sandy alluvium alongside Least Nationally lunulata Silver- and Wales rivers Concern Scarce stiletto Therevidae Thereva Twin-spot 3 widespread on coast, coastal dunes, sandy soils Least bipunctata Stiletto occasionally inland inland Concern Therevidae Thereva cinifera Large Plain 4 Wales, Sussex, Kent dunes, sandy soils at river Near Nationally Stiletto edges, shingle Threatened Rare Therevidae Thereva fulva Small Plain 4 southern England and Wales usually on sandy soils, once Near Nationally Stiletto on calcareous grassland Threatened Rare Therevidae Thereva Golden 4 Scotland (Highlands) sandy soils at woodland Least Nationally handlirschi Scottish edges Concern Scarce Stiletto Therevidae Thereva inornata Light 4 Scotland (mostly Highlands) sandy soils Endangered Nationally Scottish Rare Stiletto Therevidae Thereva Common 3 widespread scrub, hedges, rough Least nobilitata Stiletto vegetation Concern Therevidae Thereva plebeja Crochet- 4 widespread in southern and disturbed sandy soil, Least hooked central England, Welsh coasts vegetated shingle Concern Stiletto Therevidae Thereva strigata Cliff Stiletto 4 south coast plus Surrey (Box coastal cliffs, dry grassland Endangered Nationally Hill) Rare Therevidae Thereva valida Dark 4 Scotland and Yorkshire drained soils close to Least Nationally Northern streams, floodplain marshes, Concern Rare Stiletto seepage meadows Xylomyidae Solva marginata Drab 2 widespread in southern and associated with poplar trees, Least Wood- central England larvae under bark Concern soldierfly Xylomyidae Xylomya Wasp 2 New Forest, Epping Forest, ancient woodland, rot-holes Vulnerable Nationally maculata Wood- Windsor Forest Rare soldierfly Xylophagidae Xylophagus ater Common 3 widespread except in east ancient woodland Least Awl-fly Concern Xylophagidae Xylophagus Red-belted 3 Scotland pine woodland Least Nationally cinctus Awl-fly Concern Scarce

Taxonomic puzzles:

Family Taxon English name Status Stratiomyidae LARVAL SPECIES C two larvae, 1988 and 1989, Norfolk Stratiomyidae Odontomyia LARVAL SPECIES A from Suffolk, 1988-1992 Stratiomyidae Odontomyia LARVAL SPECIES B single larva, 1984, Aberdeenshire Tabanidae Haematopota SPECIES A Silver Cleg known from a single female in Norfolk, 1985 Tabanidae Haematopota SPECIES B Drab Cleg known from a single female in Ross of Mull, west Scotland, 1997 Xylophagidae Xylophagus SPECIES A single larva found under beech bark in the Gloucestershire Cotswolds, species not confirmed

Species considered extinct and/or based on dubious records:

Family Taxon English name Status Asilidae Choerades gilvus Ginger Robberfly several records in Berkshire, Hampshire, Surrey and Sussex from 1938 to 1951 Asilidae Dasypogon diadema several in 1800s in South Wales, thought to be introduced Bombyliidae Bombylius venosus two pre-1889 specimens in NHM with no data, likely to be British but unconfirmed Scenopinidae Scenopinus glabrifrons one in London in 1931, larva in carpet, presumed imported Stratiomyidae Clitellaria ephippium Surrey 1812; unconfirmed records from Kent, early 1800s Tabanidae Tabanus spodopterus Black-horned Giant Horsefly possibly dubious specimen in c. 1929, Cornwall Xylomyidae Solva varia Long-horned Wood-soldierfly no record since possibly dubious specimens in c. 1830 Xylophagidae Xylophagus junki Glenmore Awl-fly Formerly in Scottish Highlands (one record)

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 7 of 8 Species that have been suggested as potential additions to the British list:

Family Taxon English name Status Bombyliidae Glabellula arctica potential addition, known from Scandinavia and Netherlands; associated with wood ants Bombyliidae Systoechus ctenopterus potential addition, unconfirmed record from Surrey in 2010 Stratiomyidae Hermetia illucens Black Soldierfly potential addition; known from southern Europe, larvae reared and traded widely as pet food and as a composting agent Stratiomyidae Oxycera germanica potential addition, known from west Europe continent Stratiomyidae Oxycera meigenii potential addition, known from west Europe continent Stratiomyidae Oxycera varipes potential addition, known from west Europe continent (was believed to be British and listed as RDB1 but this was in error, see Chandler checklist) Tabanidae Haematopota italica Italian Cleg potential addition, known from Denmark and the low countries

Soldierflies and allies checklist Page 8 of 8