Project : Development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II) from km.26.320 to km.104.700 of Main Expressway in the State of Maharashtra Risk Assessment and DMP RISK ASSESSMENT & DISASTER MANAGEMENT PLAN 1.1 INTRODUCTION The proposed project is the development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II), which is an 8 lane access-controlled green-field expressway. The expressway starts at proposed chainage 26+582 (at Koshimb village of Vasai Taluka) and ends at proposed chainage 104+700 (km 390+864 of NH-8) at Ibhadpada village of Talasari Taluka in the state of Maharashtra. Total length of expressway (Phase-II) is 78.118 km. The terrain is generally plain/ undulating. In the start point, the alignment runs through Vaitarna River valley and then starts rising. The Section is thinly populated, under developed and where subsistence agriculture is common occupation. The alignment crosses Vaitarna River thrice – at km 31+300, km 35+725 and km 45+040. The alignment of proposed expressway runs parallel to and/ or very near to Rivers Vaitarna, Surya and Suseri between Km 30+000 and km 72+200. The proposed expressway traversing through eco-fragile area of Dahanu Taluka between km 68+455 to Km 96+200. Figure 1-1 Risk of Flood & threat to Bridge RCC Components Location Km 30.500 to Km 32.000 Civil construction: The quantum of civil construction work proposed in Phase II is indicated in Table 1-1 Table 1 - 1 Civil Construction Work Proposed in Phase II Type of Civil Construction Work VME - Phase-II . Length of the expressway 78.118 km . No. of Fly Over 4 Page - 1 Project : Development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II) from km.26.320 to km.104.700 of Main Expressway in the State of Maharashtra Risk Assessment and DMP Type of Civil Construction Work VME - Phase-II . No. of Major Bridges 8 . No. of Minor Bridges 29 . No. of Culverts 133 . No. of Vehicular Underpasses 8 . No. of Vehicular Overpasses 3 . No. of Light and Small Vehicular 21 Underpasses . No. of Cattle Underpasses 51 . No. of Interchange 1 . No. of Toll Plaza 1 . Way side Amenities (Type-A) 2 . Way side Amenities (Type-B) 4 . Truck Parking 2 . Pavement Type Rigid pavement Source: DPR Prepared by the ICT Pvt. Ltd. 1.2 ENVIRONMENTAL RISK OF GREEN FIELD PROJECT A) Aquifers: Disturbance to Underground Water: Groundwater is one of the most valuable resources, most of the void spaces in the rocks below the water table are filled with water. But rocks have different porosity and permeability characteristics, which mean that water does not move around the same way in all rocks below ground. It can be seen in the diagram (Figure-1.2), how the ground below the water table (the blue area) is saturated with water. The "unsaturated zone" above the water table (the greenish area) still contains water (after all, plants' roots live in this area), but it is not totally saturated with water. Further, the two drawings at the bottom of the diagram; show a close-up of how water is stored in between underground rock particles. Figure 1-2 Natural Underground Water Movement Sometimes the porous rock layers become tilted in the earth. There might be a confining layer of less porous rock both above and below the porous layer. This is an example of Page - 2 Project : Development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II) from km.26.320 to km.104.700 of Main Expressway in the State of Maharashtra Risk Assessment and DMP a confined aquifer. In this case, the rocks surrounding the aquifer confined the pressure in the porous rock. Water movement in aquifers is highly dependent of the permeability of the aquifer material. Permeable material contains interconnected cracks or spaces that are both numerous enough and large enough to allow water to move freely. The proposed expressway alignment is located in the coastal plain of the Palghar district and runs parallel to and/ or very near to Rivers Vaitarna, Surya and Suseri between Km 30+000 and km 72+200. Vertical profile of the proposed expressway shall, therefore, be governed by the HFL of these major Rivers along the entire stretches. Rocks were only visible in the beds of rivers (at NH8 crossing points) namely Surya (Km 68+420), Suseri (Km 72+190) and Vadvali (Km 96+208). As per the CGWA classification, all the Talukas, through which the proposed expressway is passing, fall under safe category. Further, the proposed expressway doesn’t involve tunneling. Therefore, possibility of exposure of aquifers rock deposits due to excavation during construction phase is negligible. B) Loss of fertile top soil for due to change in land use: Detail study and quantification of loss of fertile top soil due to change in land use is discussed in Section-3.7 of Chapter-3. C) Habitat Fragmentation and Increased Animal Mortality: The proposed expressway traversing through eco-fragile area of Dahanu Taluka between km 68+455 to Km 96+200. The expressway will act as barriers or filters to animal / cattle movement and lead to habitat fragmentation. Many species may not cross the open space created by a expressway due to the threat of predation and expressway also cause increased animal mortality from traffic. To minimize the risk of habitat fragmentation, 51 cattle underpass has been proposed. The wildlife kills reported by Habitat Fragmentation Tungeshwar Wildlife Sanctuary (TWLS) shows that all the incidence of vehicle kill occurred towards south–east side from the proposed start point of VME. NH-8 is approximately 1.8 km on right side of proposed start point. The TWLS is further right side of NH-8. Hence, NH -8 is acting as a barrier for the movement of wild animals from TWLS to the proposed expressway. Likely damage to flora, fauna and forest is discussed in detail in Chapter-4 of the EIA Report. D) Tropical Rain Water Storages Disturbance: Due to leveling operation, natural seasonal ponds may be affected, which is water source to wild life/ birds / Cattle grazing location. Details of such impact are discussed in Chapter-4 of the EIA Report. E) Risk of Flood: Construction may cause disturbance of river and nallas, may cause Page - 3 Project : Development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II) from km.26.320 to km.104.700 of Main Expressway in the State of Maharashtra Risk Assessment and DMP unbalanced pouring water into main stream cause risk of flood situation near bridge locations. 1.3 ASSESSMENT OF RISK There are various risks in each project stage. From the viewpoint of project management, it is essential to qualitatively analyze the risks and conduct the risk management. However, in reality, the data for the analysis is usually very limited being green field project. Table 1 - 2 Qualitative Risk Assessment: Construction Activities Sl. No Activity Hazards Likelihood / Control Measures Consequence A - Remote B - Unlikely C - Likely D - Highly likely E - Near certainty 1 Stone crusher- 1) Fine dust inhalation. D 1) Work as per Safe operating coarse aggregate 2) High level Noise D Procedures and fine aggregate 3) Eye injury C 2) Use of PPE / PPA 4) Body Injury during stone C 3) Avoid Manual operation handling C 4) Safety supervision/communication 5) Accident Truck loading/unloading 2 Transportation from 1) Road accidents C 1) Follow strict Motor Vehicle Rules Crusher unit to site 2) Dust evolution D 2) PPE / PPA / First aid Box / 3) Spillage on road D Communication 3) Proper planning for avoiding Traffic congestion 4) Authorized & Trained Driver 5) During unloading using fluorescent coloured high visibility apparel. 6) Truck / tipper floor checks 7) Visual and auditory contact of the road worker 3 Unloading / 1) Fetal accident C 1) Permanent right-of-way to provide spreading / 2) Body injury D room for materials leveling 2) Use of PPE /PPA / Barricade / Safety sign / display on Road / Caution board Display 4 Site Clearance 1) Fetal accident - B 1) Roll-over protective structure and a /Borrow Pits / Operators may be died in seatbelt to restrain the operator Quarrying using machine roll-overs 2) Provide a supplementary steering (a)Wheeled and system crawler tractors, 3) Valid approval for operating loaders and dozers; nuclear gauge from the appropriate (b) Motor graders authority and scrapers; 4) use non-nuclear based equipment (c) Self-propelled rollers and compactors 5 Earth work 1) Falling or sliding material D 1) Provide adequate piling and or article from any bank or bracing against such bank or side side of such excavation 2) provide adequate shoring Page - 4 Project : Development of Vadodara Mumbai Expressway (Phase-II) from km.26.320 to km.104.700 of Main Expressway in the State of Maharashtra Risk Assessment and DMP Sl. No Activity Hazards Likelihood / Control Measures Consequence A - Remote B - Unlikely C - Likely D - Highly likely E - Near certainty 3) Excavated material is not stored at least 0.65 m from the edge of an open excavation or trench 4) Provide metal ladders and staircases or ramps are provided 6 Movement of trucks 1) Fall over Tip Head C 1) A protective beam or timber Baulk should be used. 2) Back under the control of a signalman 7 Bulldozers 1) Fetal accident C 1) Avoid side hill travel 2) Injuries 2) Avoid obstacles 3) Dusty environment 3) Avoid overhanging material to fall 4) High noise hazards due to vibration /load 4) Do not work alone in deep water 8 Excavators 1) Fetal accident C 1) When excavating trenches, place 2) Injuries the excavated material at least 600 3) Dusty environment mm clear of the edge 4) High noise hazards 2) Avoid swinging your boom downhill any further than necessary 3) Maintain Stability , Watch boom clearance when travelling, Avoid jerky swings or sudden braking 9 Backhoe loader 1) Fetal accident C 1) Operate the backhoe from the 2) Injuries correct area, never from the ground.