EARLY PIONEERS ANI) SETTLERS. 227

GHAPTE R XI. PIONEERS AND SETTLERS (Continued}.

THOMAS JON ATHAN JEFFORDS -M ADE FRIENDS WITH - GUIDES GENERAL How ARD TO COCHISE'S CAMP- AsSISTS How­ .ARD IN MAKING PEACE W ITH COCHISE ­ ADE - DEATH OF COCHISE­ I mIANS KILL ROGERS AND SPENCE, WHO HAD SOLD LIQUOR TO T HEM -D EATH OF JEFFORDS - CHARLES H . MEYER - OWNED FIRsT DRUGSTORE IN T UCSON - CITY RE­ CORDER - KEPT TUCSON AN ORDERLY CITY - MEYER STREET.. TUCSON, ' NAMED AFTER Hru- A . F . BANTA-GOVERNMENT GUIDE­ MEMBER OF TENTH 'TERRITORIAL L EGISLA­ !rURFr--DISTRICT ATTORNEY, COUNTY -PROBATE JUDGE, APACHE COUNTy-NEWS­ PAPER MAN - PROSPECTOR- W ALKER PARTY -CAPTAIN J OSEPH R. WALKER- PERSONNEL OF COMPANy- ENLIST UNDER "KIT" CARSON TO FIGHT INDIANS - B-ECOND E XPEDITION­ PERsONNEL - SUSPECTED OF TRYING TO EF­ I'ECT JUNCTION WITH CONFEDERATES- Es­ TABLISHED 'SETTLEMENT NEAR PRESENT TOWN OF PRESCOTT - TRIP TO PIMA V IL­ LAGES-DISCOVERY OF LYNX C REEK DISTRICT -ORGANIZATION OF MINING DISTRICT ­ ~~ED BY PART OF C ALIFORNIA COLUMN ­ .a;~LEs ' PARTY - GUIDED BY P AULINE BAVER- DISCOVERY OF RICH HILL-D ISSO­ TION OF W ALKER PARTy- DANIEL E. CON- 228 .

NER LAST SURVIVOR - OTHER P MILITARY DISTRICTS - FORT W TABLISHED. C3}ptain Thomas Jonathan Jeffords in Chautauqua County, New York in laid out the road f:rom Leavenworth , in 1858. In the fall of 1859 he Taos, , and wintered in following spring he went into the mountains to prospect and mine. In carried dispatches from Fort Thorn to Carleton at Tucson. At that time, he the payroll of the a 8'cout, and piloted the advance /l{'\ynn ..... the Oolumn into New .l.U'<;;;Aj,\;,V. Fort Thorn near the Rio Grande Cruces. He is said to have taken part hattIe of Val VerdB and the other 1J.u~~a~'G which resulted in the expUlsion of the ates ,from New Mexico. In 1867 Captain Jeffords made the acquaintance of Cochise, who had active against all Americans and J.V.Lt;AJ."~ this meeting, Captain Jeffords said: " killed twenty-one men to my teen of whom were in my employ. I my mind that I wanted 'to see him. I one 'of his Indians and a camp where personally. In the meantime, I had smattering knowledge of the Indian having been an Indian trader under a sion from Mr. Parker, Secretary of ~he ior. Having been advised that Oo~hl.Se be at a -certain place at a certain t~~' r into his camp alone, fully armed. .t.l- e BARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 229

I t Id him that I was there to talk with OIly and that I wished t o leave my rsona,. . th ' . f . h' possessIOn or m . e possessIOn 0 Ulbisl~ives whom. he had with him, to .be o t me when I was ready to leave, which roObably be a ,couple of days. Cochis'e ~o be surprised, but ?nally consented to took posseSSIOn of: my arms and two or'three days with him, ~isc u ssing and sizinO' him up. I found hIm to be a great natural ability, a s:plendid spe~i- f physical ma~ood, standmg ~bo ut SIX o with an eye lIke an eagle. ThIS was the Ibllten~en1ent of my friendship with Cochise, although I was frequently compelled to troops against him and his band, it never IM"I"Al'':"i with our friendship. He respected d I respected him. He was a man who a liar, was always truthful in all things, 'gion was truth and loyalty. My name hise was Chickasaw, or Brother, and his tribe I was known as Tyazalaton, . means' Sandy vVhiskers. ' The following il!u trate a point in Cochise 'scharacter : ~ t? me on~e, 'Chickasaw, a man should lie r I replIed: 'No, he should not but a many do.' He said: 'That is t r~e but need not do it; if a man asks you o~ I a -';ilon "'Ie do not wish to ,answer we could sim­ : don't want to talk abo~t that. ' lIle Ou/r~h Cochise, and I think his story he wa' at up to about the year 1859 av b betrayed by Lieutenant B.ascom he at f eClhl very friendly to the whites 'but , IDle e had done them all the har.:n he 230 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 231 In 1870 General H oward was sent out t rial whether you go or not, hut if you Department in Washington as Indian . e out there with a lot of soldiers, you sioner. During that year he took s'everal gowdg more than 250. If you go with me Chiefs to Washington, and returned in neeI ca n take you to h:' scamp, an d we can ' h aye Oo ?hise's hand wa~ stillo~ the warpath, interview, and I. thmk you cap ~ake . peace whIte men gave hIm a WIde berth, him by givinO' him ,a reservatIon m hIS own enter his camp. Howard was anxious to " After bconsidering the matter, How­ view him and see if some terlllB' could Jeffords in the pr esence of: his officers made by which he wo.uld be induced to go he was going, and that J effor ds would be in r eservation and quit his murdering and of the expedition. J effords, telling of inoffensive ,citizens. said: "I always had a great respect for At that time Captain Jeffords was Howard after that. B efore this time I a scout for Captain Farnsworth in hun prejudiced against him on account of his these Indians, and was away from known humanitarian ideas, and, to my which was his headquarters, on a """,1.,..",. posing ,as a Christian soldier. I saw then with Farnsworth. General Howard was not only a brave man, and fearless as acquaintance of a man by the name of a his person was concerned, but was really and told him what he wanted. Milligan est about trying to stop the destructive him there was but ,one man who. could hich Oochise was waging upon my coun- him into. Oochise's camp; that he was the " white man who had ever gone into his immediately set himself to work to 10- returned, and that man was Oaptain ochi e. He left Howard 's camp that Upon Jeffords' r eturn from the scout, and found one of the Indians twenty miles Howard was at Tularosa, and sent for him, the name of Chee, ,and br ought him back ing him what he wanted to do. ~ e~ords This Chee was a son of Mangus him that he could take him to CochlSe s but had been brought up by Cochise. seven days but in order to do so he, as . then went in another dir ection, and the army, wo.uld have to be under the -...,,, ... ,,In another Indian, Ponce, a son-in-law and direction of him, J effords; that he He arranged with these Indians to guarantee his safe return, but that hh T and General Howard to Cochise's have to go in alone with him, and do as e ~ ~erfect all of thes~ arran ge~ents took How,ard ,consented to the terms, but some f Y . Jeffords contmues: " Finally we officers protested, saying that he would e~~ Cochise's 'camp from Fort Bayard out alive and insisted that he sho~ld ~TO ICO. General Howard had requested strong military escort. Jeffords saId: 232 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. IONEERS AND SETTLERS. 233 EARL Y P me to allow him to take his aide-de­ W1eh'l an,d said: "I am going to send tain SJayden, with him, which a , and· see how much.of a f'nen df 0 granted. I took charge of the Bow~e 1's" He said to How,ard: "My landed General Howard in et m' aking a living. If they come seven days as had been agreed." are onhi tes they wIll, k'l1 l the m, an d 1't may. Tar gash, which means 'Gamecock' any W of ~y people will be killed. If my grub-chief. Five or six Indians and ' sorn~illed I will take care ·of them, and to sixteen squaws and children were in ~~ l e kill' any whites I don 't want ~o be The General and the Captain stayed ~ountable for it, for theyal'e ?ut ma~mg ~ The next morning the General said to I want you to go to B owIe to-mght, Jeffords: "Hadn't we better be said to Captain Jeffords : "I am fords said: "Where?-" The . ed and I don't know how to get there." "Why, to hunt Cochise. " Jeffords replied: "The Indians will show you a "He will be here in about fifteen or ute, and you 'can make a ,sulphur spring, utes. He will come ,on horseback, and twelve miles from here tomght, sleep there, behind: him the ugliest Indian you ever to Bowie tomorrow, and l'eturn in about the name of Teese, bearing a lance. J days. " Howard did as request ed and re­ his Indians had been signalling all the in three days. using smoke, the usual method of e meantime some of Cochise '8 Indians among Indians. Oo,chise made his in and reported that they had killed five in about fifteen minutes, as Jeffords Cochise said: "I do n ot think the troops He looked around, and then embraced ollow the trail of my Indians, but if they according to the Mexican and Indian will be in here to~nibO"ht and we will have He was introduced to General Howard " J effords ex:plained ' to Slayden the tain Slayden. Aft er a few minutes of affairs, and told him if the troops ti-on, C-ochise ,asked Jeffords how long the trail and f,ought with the Indians, known these people. Jeffords said ould be beaten. He told him that if he days. "Will they do as they S'ay they to leave, he had better go right away, and J effords replied: "Well, I don't know; ---I'U. would conduct him t o General How­ they will, but I will see that they do not JaYden said : "What are you going to too much." During the trip Jeffords b teffords answered: "I am going to st ay tioned Howard against making too great u you are ,an officer of the army and it ises, because Indians were very exact, erecompl " icate rna tteTS If' the soldI, ers' found ' Slayden studied for a while and slightest violation of any promise If you a1' ' , queer them all the way through. e gomg to stay, I will stay too." 234 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 235 Oochise mDved his camp Up and the Indians made a nice bed fDr be called upDn fDr pDlitical ,assessments J effDrM. It was al~ planned by CDchise . a presIdent was to', be elected, or a the sDldiers came In upDn them, the tw;te his territDryelected; that he was an and children wDuld be taken out of ~mocrat, and did n?t. feel like assisting beYDnd pDssible dang e~. T~e. braves, Be ublican in any posItIOn. HD",:"ard re­ meantime, were placed In posltIDn to . ,Pr will tell General Grant ab o u~ It and I attack. When General HDward 'it would be better. I n the meantrme, Oap- looked over Cochise's defensive I cannot make peace unless YDU cDnsent to' and said that nO' general in the Army Indian Agent. ". Jeffords considered !he United States could have made a better and being anxIOUS t o' stop a war whIch tion Df his men to' resist an attack from ing off sO' many Df his ,friends, finally 'cDn­ riDr fDrce. ODnsultations then began in with the understanding that he was to be ence to' peace. The sub-'chiefs came in boss upDn the reservatiDn, admitting nO' Dver Oochise's stamping grounds. After on the reservation unless with his cDnsent, days, they had a general iPDWWD":. taking absDlute contrDl and authDrity Dver HDward wished to' attend, but Oaptam dians. This ,authDrity was given him by said: "No, we will stay here. They will esident. Thereafter nO' sDldier Dr civilian, knDw whether they want to' make peace ~~ul.al. Df any kind came upon the reservatiDn J effDrd's 'consent, and fDr the fDur By and hy, thrDugh certain nDi ~es in their J effDrds knew that it w,as all rIght, and that he was Indian Agent, there was never council had decided for peace, and so ouble with the Ohiricahua . The General.ODchise then came up and Mountain Indians sent several delegatiDns the General that they were ready to make the reservation to' get assist ance forDm 0'0'­ Indians, but never received it. Further, Df peace. The terms were that ~hey a reservatiDn in the Sulphur Spnng Valley e horses and Dther stDck in the hands of at the time this treaty was made, were the bDundaries Df Stein's Pass MD . to the owners. There was trDuble with icahua MDuntains, and the DragDDn Ite MDuntain Indians at times, but 00'- and that Captain J effDrds should b~ the e:;t always at the right hand Df J effDrds Agent. Jeffords said he did nDt WlS~ orced Whatever Drder he made with th~ tiDn' that the GDvernmentDwed hun a abDve It Was charged that these whidh he wDuld forfeit if he accepted ~. ated. e ' Indians went upDn different raids tiDn Df Indian Agent, and, besides, he II!CD, and that a part of the treaty made wish to' be mixed up in it. If: he was d aIT was that they shDuld have that a of which was untrue. HISTORY OF ARIZONA. 236 vnLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 237 During the time that Jeffords was , J efford's replied: "I don't know. chise died upon the reservation. It do you thInO k about it~" "Well", said that every promise which he made to "I have been giving it a good deal of was religiously k

holding the office two terms, 1879~80 He waS' Probate Judge 'Of the untv in 1881-82;.a member of the Legis­ . 1883-84' JustIce of the Peace at St. • lD1876; at 'Springerville in 1877'-78, a?d ssessor in 1880. He was the chIef of the Wheeler Exp}oration Expedition, the 100th Meridian Expedition in 1873. as United States Marshal and Deputy in the 80 'so He was the first postmaster during President Hayes' ad­ At various times he has been an His last adventure .of: this kind was the "Observer" at St. Johns, Apache His personal adventures would fill a In the enjoyment 'Of all his £aculties, perfect health f'Or 'One of his age, he is the country and prospecting. The w a few weeks ago when he was 01'­ an expedition to find what is known as Dutchman Mine. " 1862, beyond the explorations made by t Beale, Felix Aubrey, and others, Beal.e roa~, nothing was known.of Cen­ Its mmes, its forests, and its agri­ possibilities. It was the home 'Of the the. most .treacherous and dangerous of ~dlan trIbes. The first expedition to s section of the country was known as !hker Party." Captain Joseph R. o cornm.anded the e:x;pedition was an whhd}rapper. In 1837, and'183'8, in in t ~ck Ralston, who later died, he ears ~~ part 'Of the country a metal a erwards when visiting San 242 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 243 Francisco, he found to be .gold. In J oseph R. Walker, T enne~ see ; J ~s - Walker desiring to explore this country "'Dl~"LUr Iker Jr. Tennessee ; Martm LewIs, yellow m~t~l, ' o~ganiz e d in K ernville . jacob Ly~n, Missou:r:i ; Ch~rl e s Noble, County, Cah:f;orma, a company for that ' ~ Henry Miller, MISSOUrl ; Thomas The following are the names of the , ' George Blasser, Pennsyl- of that company; Ca'ptain Joseph R. .>.: Shupp, Penn sylva~i a ; Jo~n .J . Joseph R. Walker, Jr., John Walker, orth Carolin~; Jacob MIller, IllmOl~; Dickson, George Lount, George Cutler . Miller, Illino~s; Solomon 'Shoup, ~lh­ Tarsith, Clothier, John 1. M ill~r Hiram Oummmgs, New HampshIre; Miller , Hamuel O. Miller, George ...... li:l.~~1' ealman, New Hampshire ; Wm. Wheel­ Harding, Phelix Buxton, Arbert Dunn, ew York' George Coulter, N ew York; Lewis, Jacob Lynn and Luther P aine. Bull " Eng)and; George Lount, Canada; objective point was the ,country in and ifcKinney, Canada; Bill W illiams, Prescott and the Little Color,ado. After ; A. C. Benedict, Connecticut; A. the , they were continually Vermont; J a00b Schneider, Germany; by Indians, which prevented them ixon, Mis,sissippi; Frank Finney, Louisi­ ploring the country to the south as t.hey ohn Young, Kansas; J ackson McCracken, tended. The Han Francisco Mountam aI'olina; John W . Swilling, Georgia; landmark and passing around its ba ~ ~, Chase, Ohio; Felix B uxton, France; lowed up the Little Colorado, 'but fallIng Taylor, Sailor; F. G. Gilliland, K entucky; gold they pursued their journey E. Conner, . reached: New Mexico that same year. ber, 1862, the company left Pueblo, r eaching New Mexico, the party llliU·llL'.'""'! and being regarded with some sus~ existence and enlisted under "Kit" authorities thinking they might be a O'ainst the Indians. Captain W alker to effect a junction with the Confeder­ his rank and the original number of lll;:.lJ.U,L-t Carleton employed A. C. Benedict under him. In 1862, the party went to _ ..... _ . the expedition for the purpose of and in the Fall of that year, another Its movements and reporting the same. was set on foot with the Hassayampa ~Y went south to what afterw,ards be- objective point. Thirty-four hardY. t Wn as Fort West, and stopped a short trepid men signed the must~r - roll, WIth rs a that place, during the Winter o:r determination to blaze the traIl for othe ~h~re and J ackson Mc­ low. The names and nativity of: the nJohned them. J a,ck Hwilling, as we posing this eXipedition are as follows: th ' Cad served under Captain Hunter e onfederates captured Tucson, and 244 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 245 commanded the little detachment Lieutenant Barrett of; the Federal . ul es to get a full supply of pinole engagement near the Picacho. vVhiIe elr foodstuffs from the friendly Pimas, West, the party served the her they left letters to go eastwardly and the command of Oa:ptain McCleve. om by any str,ay. party of ~oldiers that this place, they followed the old s through the VIllages durmg the next for some distance but branched off from. p8!i These letters described the locality plore the unknown wilderness in the on in the previously unknown wood­ l'B&in",.. Mw·w'hich the party had decided to make one hundred and fifty miles to two .LlLl..lJLU .... distant. final stand. The return trip was made This was the first invasion of accident, the party arriving at their new organized body of white men, and was after an absence of twenty days. Prepar­ ginning of the end of Apache dV.LlJ'.l.l.l.lu.u ~ do business with the Apaches, they section of the Territory of Arizona. IKLl[JCLIC U their corral, and constructed a large the great Gila Desert from Sacaton or fort, beside it for protection against known as Oatman Flat, on the River pache fo es, and for shelter from the the Pima Indian Villages, the W as the rainy season had begun in earnest. reached the wooded territory in and log cabin were built on the Has­ PreS'cott, and there made a final stand about fi ve miles from the present loca- base of operations. They felled the the city of Prescott. From this pOint, par­ built a corral in a hollow square that the out in all directions prospecting. Early could not break through, in which 1863, Sam Miller and four others went head of mules were kept during the Creek. H er e while some of the party nearly a year previously, six men were ~ ""LU "IIIl~ Miller went over to a bank nearby I.- ... aut:u a pan of dirt, from which he got to guard the stock constantly, day and ord was sent to the main camp on the only required one man to g~ard ~he change, inaugurated by Captam or the rich find. The party broke moved on ~o Lynx Creek, where they very satisfactory, but the party we~e UccessfuUy m Iplacer mining and trap- aw.aY,or rather, secreted in a nook m ness unknown to any of their race, 's t· cam~ necessary to notify the outside Wasm e1111g was organized, and Thomas they were located, so it was decided to alker h ede ~ e d. for president, after Cap­ ing trip to the Pima Villages on ~he or recoad echn e ~ , and William Wheel­ A hole was dug into which ,all theIr s eVer orr :~: T~I S was the first mining equipage was cached, and the party located ~ Ized m Central Arizona and a out five miles south of the pres- 246 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 247 ent city of Pres1cott on the north Hassayampa, and these were the first California to Prescott. GeneralOlark to lo'cate in this part of the country, and that he had been searching for this local­ abundance of gold they washed out three months before finding the party. number of Indians they killed, they , orute wbich he had travelled was estimated says Mr. Fish, what some termed r: military to have been about five hundred times." From this encampment, the enty-five miles from Santa Fe, New Mex­ plored the surrounding coun Pre cott, Arizona. the Agua Fria, and north or ny next party to enter this new region came Chino Valley on the , and _.IV"'''''' to the letters left with the Pimas, and iams' Fork, ' Mountain, of what was known as the "Peeples' localities. Only one trip was made to Tbis party was organized by A. H. iams' Mountain, north of the corral, as in May, 1863, and entered Arizona f~rom stronghold of the Apache~, and the party by way of Yuma, where they met ing into it had two or Its memb~rs "Tea veI', who had come by a'ppointment, From the signal smoke, and occasIonal baving written him from California. with Indian pickets, the party was con arty, w i t~ Weaver as guide, followed up the savages were increasing their num lorado RIver to La P az, where the Mexi- derly concentration, and that at any had been placer mining for some time. . were caught off guard, the whole party ent east across the Plomosa Range and massacred. About six months had Cullen Valley. On nearing the moun­ they were surprised by the sudden orne antelope were discovered, and a company of soldiers under the . !ono w~ d them and succeeded in killing Oaptain M. J. Pishon and accompamed an m thIS he nam~d the. stream Antelope veyor-General Olark of 8anta Fe, New t the mountam WhICh rose from its The soldiers came over the old Beale ank, Antelope Peak The party passed through the pretty woodland to near~~, and befDre sundo~n had panned edge discovered the recently aban in ~o , on what they named Weaver ,pa ss~ d out of the headwaters of the. onor of the guide. The next day to Lynx Oreek and found the party III started 0 Who had j?ined the party at encampment there. There they d during tf af~er theIr horses which had about three days, and when they stat in With th ~ lllght. In the evening they ibited stock, taking return, they abandoned ?ve covere u aet~r ge al~d, P~eple·s ey had . k quantIty of gold nug'gets the northern plain, WhICh were s FIn.. PIC ed up t f utilized to transport provisions I:rolIl "'!ley could h on op 0 the moun- aVe kept the secret to them- 248 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. EARLY PIONEERS AND SETTLERS. 249 selves, but they gathered a large of his followers, the campaign, in and then rode safely into Mexico. iiIdliae lOw(;atis a successful one. morning, the party went to the top Y, spread?y the membe~s of the where innumerable chunks and of Captain ~ l shon ~:r;>o~ thelr return, were found in a sort of sloping ch gold mines m the VlClnIty of the Has­ a month, all the surface gold was and Lynx Creek, and around the head­ the party scattered, some remaining the treams in that vicinity, did much gravel bars of Weaver Creek. It is attention to that region. Several par­ that during the first month a quarter hurriedly organized to prospect in the dollars in gold was gathered. The Dorado. Jim Shelby, of Santa Fe, fitted named Rich Hill, and has yielded teams loaded with provisions, groceries, sands of dollars since that time. left Santa F e for the gold fields in Octo­ From this period, newcomers There were with him Frank Shaffer, directions, settling down with the James, Billy Foster, Frank Riggs, neers, in and around what Tom Barnum and others. In a Prescott. The Walker party was there was a second party on the way, 1864, and some of its member~ consisted of Rufus E. Farrington, W. C. came identified with the early hIstOry Lew Alters, Ed. G. Peck, and Lon ritory of Arizona. . . . The history of thIS expedItIon has these early pioneers may be mentioned ten by Daniel E. Conner, the last who was one of the first settlers party, and I hope the Stat~ of Grove; Gus Swain also an earlv set- cure it as it gives a succmct and e same.place ; Theo .. Boggs, who staked narrati~e of the expedition of the W on BIg Bug, in 1863; John Townsend, which was the first to enter Central wa ranch on the Agua F ria in 186<3. vanguard of t~at army o~ pioneers as a half blood Cherokee cunning sequently reclalmed thls rIch and and had an undying hatr~d of the from savage dominion. The. ;:'U\,vv"-' ~~unted them .to the death. .several pioneers is largely to be attrIbut~d and if~d be~n kIlled by the Walker' he understood the IndIan ~ "'''''II I.V _RF''ua..,IS saI~ that in revenge he had well, and while his policy toward them b t ~ndlans to their happy hunt­ brutal, but humane, yet he was goth~ke many oth ~r s in Arizona, meet them in battle, when such a 1873 h at last. Whlle out hunting cessary and could not be avoi~ed. at Drip' . e came Upon a small band of prudent, conservative, and cautlOuS, PIng Springs, and was shot by 250 HISTORY OF ARIZONA. one of them. His body was found a later. H e had exchanged a few shot Indians, and had received his death S known to them. In January, 1863, the military Arizona, which, up to that belonged to the Department of the P attached to the Department of New by order ·of General Carleton, issued 1B63, all of the Territory of . of the , and west of the cept that portion occupied by Fort created into a Military District. ton decid ed to establish a post Valley and two companies of 1-..."" .... ., dered to accomplish this work. graves and Benson were selected, tion was put under the immediate Major Willis of the First Regiment of California Volunteers. This Captain Pishon as guide, left Fort November 7th, 1863, following the route to Antelope Springs where they After leaving the Beale trail, road extremely rough and many of were broken. The main portion of the reached Chino Valley on December here was located Fort Whipple, so honor of Brigadier-General A. W. fell in the battle of Chancellorsville, a lieutenant of the U. S. T gineers, had, before the Civil War, Mexico and Arizona. This location twenty-two miles from the present cott, and in May, 1864, the location and the present post established.