antarctic I] OFTHE hUN lIED D1rLr1Ei U STATES

September 1977 National Science Foundation Volume X11—Number 3

1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic Program under way

Early this month, U.S. Navy Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6) completed a series of turnaround "winfly" (winter fly- I 11_11a1ia" in) LC-130 flights to McMurdo Station from Christchurch, New Zealand. Science and support personnel, plus cargo of various kinds (mail, fresh foods, etc.), were delivered for a traditional head start on the 1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic Program field season. Meanwhile, the bulk of 1977-1978 investigators and some sup- port personnel gathered at Reston, Virginia, 18-21 September for the annual U.S. Antarctic Program Orientation Conference. Ses- sions included training in various aspects of coldweather work and survival, information on how to This issue introduces a new prepare shipments of science cargo U.S. coast Guard format for Antarctic Journal of and specimens, and general fami- the United States that we hope liarization with the research being will better respond to readers conducted by other disciplines in information needs regarding the Antarctica. U.S. Antarctic Program. Quart- USCGC Polar Star, one of two most Full-scale 1977-1978 U.S. opera- powerful icebreakers ever built by the erly issues in March, June, Sep- tions in Antarctica begin at Mc- United States, is scheduled to partici- tember, and December will con- Murdo in early October, followed pate in the 1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic tain the kinds of information by the seasons first flights to Program. Commissioned in January presented in the previous for- Amundsen-Scott South Pole and it 1976, the "Polar class" icebreaker will mats and notes" section. Siple stations by early November. break the channel through McMurdo Included will be items on activi- R/V Hero is expected to dock at Sounds annual ice to McMurdo Station ties and events in the field and Palmer Station, on Anvers Island in early January 1978 after completing related developments elsewhere, off the Antarctic Peninsula, for the ice trials farther out in the Ross Sea announcements of antarctic-sci- pack ice. Also participating in this sea- first time this season in early De- sons field program are two older Coast ence-related conferences, a list of cember. Guard icebreakers, Glacier and Burton recent antarctic grants and con- Over 325 U.S.-sponsored investi- Island. Polar Star and a sister ship, tracts awarded by the National gators will fan out over the antarc- USCGC Polar Sea (commissioned in Science Foundation, and the tic continent and surrounding seas January 1977), measure 122 meters monthly antarctic climate sum- this season to conduct some 90 and can crack through ice over 6 met- mary. A substantially larger fifth projects in biology, biomedicine, ers thick. Both of the new icebreakers issue, which will appear for the have controllable pitch propellers earth sciences, glaciology, meterolo- first time next month, will an- gy, upper-atmosphere physics, and nearly 5 meters in diameter and can nually review preliminary re- accommodate up to 163 persons, in- oceanography. Highlights include cluding space for at least 10 scientists suits—project-by-project--of the an extensive surface reconnaissance and technicians. Polar Star is shown entire previous years U.S. na- of Marie Byrd Lands Bakutis and here near Seattle, Washington, in late tional program in Antarctica. Hobbs coastal areas, a renewed 1975. effort to drill through the floating Ross Ice Shelf to study the sub-shelf The cargo arrived at McMurdo by and the factors that cause them to environment—including any life ship last season. swarm. (S-008) that may be discovered there—for Science projects planned for this the first time, and several basic 23rd consecutive year of U.S. activi- Ecological and behavioral adapta- studies of Antarcticas living and ty in Antarctica are summarized tions to antarctic environments. David mineral resources. below and on the following pages. F. Parmelee, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Our main study areas near In addition to direct support of Palmer Station are proving to be unu- these science projects, which uses sually well suited to year-round investi- most of the time and assets availa- gations of certain charadriiform birds ble to U.S. Antarctic Program logis- (skuas, gulls, terns, and sheathbills) by tics support units, nearly 350,000 Planned field research ecological and ethological methods. kilograms of construction cargo will projects, 1977-1978 These studies will continue throughout be airlifted from McMurdo to Siple 1977-1978 using banding, color-coding, Station this austral summer in pre- and radio telemetry (including radar) paration for the construction this techniques as well as visual and photo- graphic observations at Palmer Station, season and next of a replacement Antarctic Peninsula along other areas of the Antarctic Pen- for the present station, now com- insula, among the South Shetland Is- pletely buried under crushing snow. Biota of antarctic pack ice. Donald B. lands, and in southern South America. Siniff, University of Minnesota, Minnea- (S-012) polis. Because so few ships have pene- trated antarctic pack ice in the austral spring, little is known about the repro- Behavioral and ecological adapta- ductive biogy, the social structure, and tions of pygoscelid penguins. D. Mull- the breeding behavior of antarctic pelag- er-Schwarze, State University of New ic seals. Accordingly, we will return to York, Syracuse. We will travel to King George Island (62°OOS. 580 15W.) this NRCTIC the pack ice of Gerlache Strait in Octo- ber and November 1977 aboard the austral summer to continue studies of U.S. Antarctic Programs R/V Hero. sympatric Adlie, chinstrap, and gentoo Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinopha- penguins. Breeding success and food gus) will be the major object of our and habitat utilization will be analyzed studies, although leopard seals (Hydrur- for the three species with emphasis on ga leptonyx) will also be observed. Rela- the relationship between utilization of tionships between these two species will these resources and the penguins chick- be examined, and radio telemetry will rearing abilities. Predation on the three be used so that weights, measures, and species of penguins will also be moni- Editor: Lloyd G. Blanchard behavioral observations may be made of tored. During the 1978 austral winter, the same individuals. We will also at- one member of our party will winter at Antarctic Journal of the United Polands new Arctowski Station (62° 10S. States, established in 1966, reports tempt to relocate animals tagged last year. The major emphasis will be to col- 58°28W.) to extend our observations on U.S. activities in Antarctica and year-round. Our research aims at un- related activities elsewhere, and on lect data on: (1) reproductive and social behavior, (2) activity patterns and move- derstanding the role of penguins in the trends in the U.S. Antarctic Pro- marine antarctic ecosystem. (S-020) gram. It is published quarterly ments, and (3) trophic interactions and (March, June, September, and De- such population characteristics as sex cember), with a fifth annual review and age structure, distribution patterns, Effect of ice facies on small-scale issue in October, by the Division of and density. (S-003) oceanographic phenomena. Robert J. Polar Programs, National Science Barsdate and Vera Alexander, Universi- Foundation, Washington, D.C. Biological investigations of antarctic ty of Alaska, Fairbanks. At Palmer Sta- tion and aboard R/V Hero this austral 20550. Telephone: 202/632-4076. krill (Euphausia superba). M. A. Mc- Whinnie, De Paul University. This aus- summer we will continue studies of the tral summer we will obtain population nearshore oceanographic environment Subscription rates are $7.50 per around Anvers Island.Emphasis will be five issues, domestic, and $9.50 per data on the dominant species of antarc- tic krill, Euphausia superba. While these on the ice/water interface because such five issues, foreign; single copies areas are believed to enhance biological vary in price. Address changes and euphausiids have been extensively stud- ied in the past, there are important dis- productivity at several levels. Also, ant- subscription matters should be sent arctic nearshore areas are highly pro- to the Superintendent of Docu- crepancies concerning their life span and growth rates. It is possible that ductive in relation to contiguous oceanic ments, U.S. Government Printing systems. Data will include primary pro- Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. changes in population structure (rate of advance and life span) could have fol- ductivity and plankton biomass, nutrient lowed the decrease in whale populations chemistry, carbon-dioxide system chem- The director of the National Sci- and/or that regional differences in pri- istry, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and ence Foundation has determined mary productivity and thermal regime light penetration. (S-022) that the publication of this periodi- could result in different longevity and cal is necessary in the transaction growth-rate characteristics. Growth rates Physiological and biochemical bases of the public business required by at different feeding levels will also be of freezing tolerance in antarctic ter- law of this agency. Use of funds for studied. Therefore, krill catches will be restrial arthropods. John G. Baust, printing this periodical has been taken from R/V Hero in the Bransfield University of Houston. Attempts to approved by the director of the Strait, among the Palmer and Bisco understand the nature of cellular re- Office of Management and Budget archipelagos, and in the Scotia Sea. We sponses to freezing have been ap- through 30 September 1979. also plan to investigate krill biometrics proached from several directions utiliz-

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL ing various life forms. Of those animals able to naturally survive extreme tem- perature variations and thus to tolerate freezing, terrestrial arthropods offer excellent systems for analysis since in- sects represent the highest phylogenetic group able to exist for prolonged pe- riods in the frozen state. In this first of two field seasons for our project, we will conduct various field and laboratory studies in the Palmer Station area to gather more information on the strate- gies of freezing tolerance employed by antarctic invertebrates. (S-028)

Evolution of Mesozoic and Cenozoic depositional basins of the northern Antarctic Peninsula and the South Orkney Islands. David H. Elliot, Ohio State University. This austral summer R/V Hero will transport us to several se- lected localities along the Antarctic Pen- insula where Mesozoic and Cenozoic rocks crop out. We will continue the examination of sequences that bear on the evolution of the late Mesozoic depo- sitional basins and the antarctic cordil- lera. In addition, a paleomagnetic pro- gram will be initiated; the objectives are to determine paleomagnetic pole posi- tions for the Antarctic Peninsula and whether there is paleomagnetic evidence NASA for bending of the Peninsula, and to locate the Antarctic Peninsula in recon- One of three huge icebergs that have been moving Independently northward along structions of Gondwanaland. (S-060) the northeastern (Weddell Sea) side of the Antarctic Peninsula. Measuring 35 by 65 kilometers, it was photographed (above) near Snow Hill Island (64 027S. 57°121W.) Scotic Arc tectonics project. Ian in late-January 1977 by an ERTS satellite. According to the U.S. Navy Fleet Weath- W.D. I)alziei, Lamont-Doherty Geologi- er Facility, Suitland, Maryland, by 9 March it was centered near 65012S. 57°10W., cal Observatory of Columbia University. and on 16 July it was located near 620S. 560W. with no major change in size ob- Studies of the tectonic evolution of the served. The other two icebergs measure about 20 by 53 kilometers and 20 by 100 Antarctic Peninsula Cordillera will con- kilometers; in mid-July they were positioned near 65010S. 58025W. and 68030S. tinue this austral summer with an exami- 58°15W., respectively. Large icebergs may one day be towed to water-starved nation of the late Mesozoic and Cenozic areas of the world as a source of fresh water. The iceberg shown above, for exam- structural style of the South Shetland ple, could supply the present needs of Chicago, Illinois, for 961 days at the rate oil Islands using R/V Hero. The structures billion gallons (3.6 billion liters) per day (the water equivalent was calculated as- of the Cretaceous and Cenozoic rocks of suming a thickness of 200 meters and a density of 0.8 gram per cubic centimeter). Livingston Island will be compared with those in rocks of the same age in south- magnetosphere by Si pIe transmissions ATS-3 satellite directly to our home in- ernmost South America. This study will will also be investigated. We will locate stitution in Reno, Nevada. Voice, teleco- improve our understanding of the evo- and trace the ionospheric exit points of py, and digital data transmissions from lution of the two units of Gondwanaland whistler-mode signals as part of interna- Palmer occur daily. The sea-ice and ice- following the breakup of the superconti- tional, multigroup direction-finding berg observations provide useful infor- nent and contribute to the understand- campaigns. We will provide mid-to-low- mation for shipping traffic and for me- ing of mountain building processes in latitude whistler information needed to teorologists who are concerned with the general. (S-063) evaluate the effects of an ionospheric impact that sea ice, and the open leads dynamo on plasma circulation in the that develop from it, has on climate of overlying magnetosphere. (S-bOB) Very-low-frequency (VLF) probing the Southern Hemisphere. (S-252) of the magnetosphere from Palmer Sta- Meteorological, sea-ice, and ornitho- Origin of ice crystals in polar precip- tion. Robert A. Helliwell and John I logical observations using X-band radar. itation. Vern N. Smiley, Desert Research Katsufrakis, Stanford University. During Joseph A. Warburton, Desert Research Institute, University of Nevada System. 1977-1978 we will investigate the pertur- Institute, University of Nevada System. This research is related to determining bation of Siple-to-Palmer suhionospheric We will continue to operate a 3-centi- the structure of the antarctic tropos- signals by particle precipitation induced meter-wavelength radar system at Pal- phere. Distribution of some major at- in the ionosphere between Siple and mer Station during 1977-1978. The sys- mospheric constituents (ice crystals, wa- Palmer stations by the magnetospheric tem provides information on storms ter drops, aerosols, and water vapor) propagation of waves from Siple. We within 150 kilometers of the station, as and how they vary is not well known. will identify regions of particle precipita- well as on sea-ice and iceberg move- These constituents can be studied by tion induced by natural wave activity in ments and formations. It also is used to remote lidar (optical radar) sensing. A the magnetosphere. Perturbations of track migrating flocks of various bird dye laser radar, therefore, will be in- natural VLF radio-wave activity in the species. The radar system is linked via stalled at Palmer Station this austral

September 1977 summer and operated year-round to years similar airlift. The penguins will of McMurdo Sound. Emperor penguins determine vertical profiles of atmos- be placed in special containers and will be studied during natural feeding pheric aerosols, water drops, and ice flown directly to San Diego, California, periods. Physiological studies will in- crystals. Polarization techniques will al- in the company of Hubbs-Sea World clude the physical characteristics of ven- low us to discriminate spherical particles Research Institute staff. The airplane tilation after various dives. Also, changes (water drops) from non-spherical parti- cabin will be kept at —5°C during the in blood chemistry will be analyzed be- cles (ice crystals and aerosols). laborato- flight, and other precautions will be tak- fore and after dives of various lengths. ry use of a differential absorption lidar en to insure safe and humane transport (S-026) for water-vapor detection will also be of the birds. In San Diego, the penguins made. (S-260) will be further acclimated. We are estab- lishing an antarctic penguin breeding Airborne biological particles. William colony in a permanent, temperature- S. Benninghoff, University of Michigan, controlled environment at Sea World Ann Arbor. Airborne particles of biolog- for long-term research and education. ical origin will be sampled this austral McMurdo Station and vicinity (S-006) summer within 2 meters of ground level under different weather and electric- Viral etiology and epidemiology of field conditions in the McMurdo and Benthic communities of McMurdo respiratory infection. Elliot C. Dick, Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station vi- Sound. Paul K. Dayton, Scripps Institu- University of Wisconsin Medical School. cinities. Two questions will be ad- tion of Oceanography, University of Person-to-person transmission of com- dressed: Can assemblages of airborne California, San Diego. This austral mon cold viruses will be studied in the particles caught in static sedimentation summer we will conclude the current McMurdo Station population during the traps over a few days or a year yield phase of a long-term experiment begun 5-week station isolation period between useful information about changes in in 1967 to study two shallow-water "winfly" (winter fly-in) and commence- composition and/or production of local benthic communities of McMurdo ment of the main field season in early flora and fauna or changes in aerial Sound. Temporal and spatial distribu- October 1977. It should be possible dur- transport conditions? Is there a correla- tion patterns of sponge and soft-bottom ing this period to follow the movement tion between the size and number of communities are being examined in of common cold viruses through this airborne organic particles and the terms of long-term survivorship, preda- population with "outside" viruses enter- strength of electric fields in the atmos- tion, competition, and larval ecology. ing the chain of infection after winfly. phere? (S-030) Our research will contribute to under- Careful study of each persons illness standing the selective pressures and and the interactions between infected Geodetic satellite observatory. Arnold individuals with each virus type should population responses to natural or un- J. Tucker and James Clynch, University natural stresses within a biologically ac- give clues to methods by which person- of Texas, Austin. The geodetic satellite to-person transmission can be interrupt- commodated marine community. (S-001) observatory at McMurdo Station collects ed. This approach seems promising year-round satellite data for ionospheric since earlier studies elsewhere suggest Colonial behavior of antarctic marine and geodetic studies, including the ef- that colds may be more difficult to trans- fects of ionospheric scintillations occur- mammals. Donald B. Siniff and Douglas mit than previously supposed. (S-010) P. DeMaster, University of Minnesota, ring between the satellites and the Minneapolis. This season we will contin- Cardiovascular and metabolic re- ground observatory. Data from polar- ue to examine regulatory and control- sponse to diving and endocrinology of orbiting satellites are recorded on paper ling mechanisms that affect the size of the Weddell seal. Warren M. Zapol, tape for orbit determination, and trans- McMurdo Sounds Weddell seal popula- Massachusetts General Hospital. This location measurements and data from tion with the long-term goal of creating austral summer we will continue our col- nonpolar satellites are recorded on a model to simulate the effects of possi- laborative, multidisciplinary studies of magnetic tape for upper-atmosphere ble environmental perturbations. We hemodynamic and metabolic changes studies. (S-05 1) have three objectives for the 1977-1978 that occur during simulated diving in austral summer: (1) maintain census sedated non-gravid and near-term gra y- Cenozoic micropaleontology and records for individual seals, (2) maintain id Weddell seals at McMurdo Station. biostratigraphy. P. N. Webb, Northern the sequence of population estimates, These physiological adaptations of the Illinois University. Our field team will and (3) determine the pattern of suba- Weddell seal may give insight into im- collect present-day and fossil dult dispersal in late December and ear- proved therapy for clinical shock and microfaunal samples from the McMurdo ly January using radio telemetry. In the asphyxia. (S-018) Sound area this austral summer to help early part of the season we will work at determine the regions Cenozoic micro- Hutton Cliffs (77°44S. 166°51E.), near Comparative aqautic biology of ant- paleontology and biostratigraphy. We McMurdo Station, and later we will arctic endotherms. G.L. Kooyman, also will log and curate piston and drill study the subadult dispersal from Scripps Institution of Oceanography, cores at Ross Ice Shelf Project site J-9 aboard U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker- University of California, San Diego. Our (S-062) based helicopters in the McMurdo 1977-1978 field project will investigate Sound region. (S-004A) diving behavior of Weddell seals and of McMurdo Volcanic Group: surveil- emperor penguins; we also will analyze lance of Mount Erebus and geological Establishment of a permanent pen- ventilation and breathhold physiology of mapping of Mount Discovery. Philip R. guin breeding colony and exhibit. Weddell seals. The diving behavior of Kyle, Ohio State Universtiy. Volcanic Frank S. Todd, Hubbs-Sea World Re- Weddell seals will be studied in Mc- activity of Mount Erebus (77°32S. search Institute. Up to 80 Adlie and 20 Murdo Sound under three conditions: 167°09E.) will be monitored this austral emperor penguins will be collected this (1) the natural isolation of White Island summer, including audiovisual observa- austral summer in the Ross Sea region (78°08S 167°20E.), (2) the imposed iso- tions, sampling of volcanic ejecta, tem- and transported to the United States to lation of diving from an experimental perature measurements of the lava lake, supplement breeding and research stock ice hole, and (3) the natural, free-rang- and heat-flow studies. Older volcanic that failed to acclimate following last ing circumstances of the eastern shores rocks around the flanks of Mount Ere-

4 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL bus will be examined and related to the dent ocean-wave swell spectra and the edge of sea and barrier ice, and its in- eruptive history of the volcano. Addi- vertical oscillations at up to six locations fluence on photosynthesis, will also be tionally, we will examine and geologically on the Erebus Glacier Tongue (77°42S. studied. (S-206) map Mount Morning (78°30S. 166°40E.) to obtain a relationship be- 163°32E.). Submarine basaltic lavas, tween the two quantities. The ice Micrometeorological studies Michael which are 15 million years old, will be tongue, which extends off Ross Island Kuhn, Institute for Meteorology and related to the local geology and used to near McMurdo Station, is expected to Geophysics (Austria). This austral sum- evaluate uplift of the Transantarctic oscillate in or near one of its normal mer we will continue a long-term survey Mountains. (S-081) modes, several of which have been pre- of atmospheric turbidity at McMurdo, calculated. Our objective is to test South Pole, and Siple stations. Informa- Accelerometer observations. Jonathan quantitatively a vibration-calving theory tion will be gathered on the spectral Berger, University of California, San that has been developed for an iceberg reflectivity of snow and ice surfaces Diego. We will install two accelerometers production study. Data will be obtained under various glaciological conditions. this austral summer at McMurdo Station simultaneously from a transmitting wave (S-261) to provide higji-quality, long-period dig- buoy and from recording wire-strain meters. (S-166) ital data for geophysical studies of, for Stratospheric chiorofluorocarbon and example, earth tides and free oscillations aerosol measurements. D.J. Hofmann and earthquake source mechanisms. Quantitative paleoclimatic analysis of and J. M. Rosen, University of Wyoming. The two accelerometers will form one of Ross Sea continental shelf sediments. Three ballon-borne payloads will be seven stations to be installed over the flown to 30-kilometer altitudes and re- next 2 years in various parts of the Thomas B. Kellogg, University of Maine, Orono. Our fieldwork this sea- covered this austral summer at Mc- world. The instruments will be operated son will be conducted from aboard a Murdo Station. Two will obtain gas during the 1978 austral winter by Univ- U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker. We will samples to be analyzed for chiorofluro- ersity of Texas personnel. (S-085) collect piston and large-diameter cores carbons CF2CL2, CFCL3, and N20; and water samples from the Ross Sea to these gases are important in stratospher- Antarctic atmospheric infrasound. better understand the regions glacial ic ozone chemistry. Samples were re- Charles R. Wilson, University of Alaska, history. We have two major goals this covered in January 1977, too, and suc- Fairbanks. This season we will continue season. First, we hope to increase the cess this season will allow time variation to measure the natural spectrum of geographic distribution of cores from studies. Additionally, an aerosol-particle atmospheric infrasonic waves in the per- the Ross Sea Continental shelf, especial- counter will be flown at McMurdo and a iod range from 10 to 100 seconds with ly in areas such as Pennell Bank where condensation nucleus (CN) counter will an array of microphones located at the existing core coverage is sparse and be flown at South Pole Station this sea- Windless Bight, about 30 kilometers previous work has shown the need for son. A successful CN sounding at the southeast of McMurdo Station on the additional work. Second, we hope to South Pole in January 1977 revealed an Ross Ice Shelf. A fourth microphone obtain sufficient material from a number unexpectedly dense concentration of will be installed this seasob and the en- of widely distributed cores so that we particles in the polar troposphere; more tire array will be recalibrated. Auroral can date the regional transition between measurements are necessary to deter- infrasonic waves (AIW) will be recorded diatom-poor and diatom-rich sediments, mine whether these are typical. (S-264) at the very high geomagnetic latitude of a marked lithostratigraphic boundary Windless Bight to determine their that ranges in depth from 20 to 150 Mesoscale atmospheric events. R.J. morphology deep within the auroral centimeters below the sea floor through- Renard, U.S. Naval Postgraduate School, oval. This research aims to explain how out the Ross Sea. Our micropaleonto!- Monterey, California. This austral sum- AIWs are generated by auroral electro- ogic studies of the sediments above and mer we will diagnose mesoscale antarctic jet motions. (S-108) below this transition suggest it is related atmospheric events and their relation to to deglaciation in the Ross Sea at the synoptic-scale circulations in the vicinity Cosmic ray intensity variations. Mar- end of the last ice age. The large-diam- of McMurdo Station and between Mc- tin A. Pomerantz, Bartol Research eter cores should provide sufficient ma- Murdo and Amundsen-Scott South Pole Foundation of the Franklin Institute. terial for radiocarbon dating of the car- Station. Weather satellite observations This is a continuation of our project to bon-poor sediments. If our coring ef- (visual and infrared), automatic weather understand how the sun controls inter- forts succeed, we expect the data will station data, airborne sensing, and planetary "weather" and the earths allow us to determine variations in the ground observations will be used as immediate environment by analyzing its time of glacial retreat in the Ross Sea available. The goal is to identify mesosy- effects on the high-energy cosmic ray since the last glacial maximum. (S-204) noptic-scale systems that relate to signifi- particle population. Observations with cant weather and thereby to demon- ground-based detectors at McMurdo Solar radiation over antarctic waters. strate the feasibility of using the afore- and Amundsen-Scott South Pole sta- Guy A. Franceschini, Texas A&M Univ- mentioned combined data sources. Parti- tions, combined with data from similar ersity. Through measurements from cular attention will be given to pole- arctic-based locations, provide unique aboard a U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker in ward-directed moisture intrusions and information about the flow patterns of the Weddell and Ross seas, we will at- regionally induced thermal/circulation galactic and solar cosmic rays. The tempt this season to describe the solar patterns. (S-268) worlds most sensitive cosmic ray detec- radiation environment over waters near tor, recently installed at South Pole Sta- Antarctica to furnish a basis for study of tion, is expected to provide new insights the regions energy budget, both physi- into the production of energetic parti- cal and biological. This research is close- cles by the sun. (S-109) ly related to primary productivity stud- Remote projects ies. We will assess space and time varia- Erebus Glacier Tongue experiment. tions of total as well as photosynthetic- G. Holdsworth, Environment Canada, ally active radiation and stress the dif- Role of seabirds in antarctic marine and D. J. Goodman, University of Cam- ferences associated with cloud systems, ecosystems. David G. Amley, Point bridge (England). This austral summer circulation features, and surface ice cov- Reyes Bird Observatory. Birds are con- we will simultaneously measure the inci- er. Enhancement of radiation near the spicuous members of subantarctic and

September 1977 antarctic marine ecosystems but little is summer in a continuing cooperative ble us to assess the uranium and thor- known of their density and biomass in effort to establish geodetic control in ium resource potential of the surveyed those systems. The ecological role of West Antarctica. They will use doppler areas. Two teams will be active this sea- birds and their importance relative to equipment for point positioning and a son. The southern Victoria Land team vertebrate competitors (mammals, fish, BAS Twin Otter light airplane for trans- will evaluate radioactive pegmatites of etc.) and to vertebrate/invertebrate prey port to (1) occupy and adjust a number Garwood Valley (78°02S. 164015E.) cannot be determined without data on of previously established independent and Roaring Valley (78°16S. 163°06E.) their densities. Such information is control networks to an earth mass-cen- and extend the aerial surveys southward. needed if the harvest of antarctic mar- tered datum, (2) provide new control The Marie Byrd Land team will concen- ine resources is to be managed wisely in for topographic and Landsat satellite trate on aerial surveys; ground checks the future. Fieldwork during 1977-1978 mapping, and (3) provide positions for will be made for any anomalous radioac- will complement last years. The main geophysical data. Work this season will tivity discovered. Upgrading of our ex- goal is to determine relative densities, concentrate in western Ellsworth Land isting counting apparatus will improve biomass, and distribution of higher ver- and in the mountain ranges along the data quality and increase flexibility of tebrates (birds, seals, and whales) in the southern Weddell Sea coastal area. (5- survey operations. (S-059) pack ice off the South Pacific Ocean, 052C) with emphasis on the Ross Sea and par- Petrology of granulite facies meta- ticularly the oceanographic frontal zone Topographic survey of the Lassiter morphic rocks of Enderby land. W.G. there. We also will concentrate on deter- and Orville coasts. William R. Mac- Ernst and Edward S. Grew, University mination of diets, feeding ecology, and Donald, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, of California, Los Angeles. Our 1977- feeding behavior of seabirds. All work Virginia. This season we will extend into 1978 austral-summer research will be on will be conducted from aboard U.S. the Sweeney Mountains area of the Or- the petrology of granulite facies rocks of Coast Guard icebreakers. (S-013) ville Coast the geodetic control estab- Enderby Land, which is part of the east lished during two previous seasons in antarctic Precambrian shield. Fieldwork Terrestrial arthropods of Marie Byrd the adjacent Lassiter Coast area. This will be done by Dr. Grew as a visiting Land. R. W. Strandtmanñ, Texas Tech will meet vertical and horizontal control scientist with the Australian National University. Terrestrial arthropods have requirements for 1:250,000-scale topo- Antarctic Research Expedition at Maw- been found in all exposed land areas of graphic maps. (S-052D) son Station (67°36S. 62052E.). Particu- Antarctica except Marie Byrd Land. lar attention will be given to quartzites The large area between longitudes 750 Geological test of whether the West and aluminous rocks that have the unu- and 160°W., known as Marie Byrd Antarctic Ice Sheet is disintegrating. sual mineral associations of orthopyrox- Land, includes mountain ranges and George H. Denton, University of Maine, ene-sillimanite and sapphirine-quartz. peaks (nunataks) that are known to have Orono. Two field teams will extend our Fieldwork and later laboratory studies cryptogamic plants (mosses, etc.) and to investigation of the history of the mar- will (1) determine the sequence of meta- serve as nesting sites for marine birds. ine-based West Antarctic Ice Sheet this morphic events and the relation of me- Collaboration with field parties in this austral summer. The first will map and tamorpism to plutonic and tectonic ac- area this season will permit us to collect study moraines adjacent to Mackay Gla- tivity, and (2) analyze the minerals in land arthropods and hopefully establish cier (76°54S. 162°00E.) and elsewhere order to estimate physical conditions of their presence. (S-014) in the dry valleys for weathering charac- metamorphism. Results of this study teristics and soil development in order should help to better understand the Productivity of the Weddell Sea, the to determine the role played by east evolution of this portion of the earths southern Indian Ocean, and waters off antarctic ice feeding the Ross Sea ice crust in Precambrian time. (S-069) West Antarctica. Sayed Z. El-Sayed, sheet during the last glaciation. The Texas A&M University. Our biological second team will study striations, errat- productivity studies from aboard ics, and moraines on nunataks in Marie Geological and geophysical survey of USCGC Glacier this season will focus on Byrd Land in cooperation with a Texas Marie Byrd Land. F. Alton Wade, Tex- detailed documentation of the phyto- Tech University project in the area; this as Tech University. Building on prelimi- plankton production in the water col- will help us to reconstruct former thick- nary fieldwork of the 1966-1967 and umn and of the ice-algae in the ice-cov- nesses and flow directions of the West 1967-1968 field seasons, the Bakutis and ered regions of the Ross and northern Antarctic Ice Sheet. Additionally, car- Hobbs coastal areas of Marie Byrd Land Weddell seas. We seek to determine the bonate deposits associated with drift will be geologically and geophysically contributions made by each of these sheets in the dry valleys of southern Vic- surveyed this austral summer to contri- components (namely phytoplankton and toria Land will be collected for radiome- bute toward a reconstruction of the geo- ice-algae) to the overall productivity of tric dating in cooperation with Waikato logical history of West Antarctica. the regions investigated. We also will University (New Zealand). Our research Investigators from several U.S. institu- investigate biotic and abiotic factors that continues to focus on the chronology of tions and the N.Z. Geological Survey will control productivity in ice-free as well as recession during the present interglacial: establish a field camp at 76°45S. 135°W. pack-ice regions. The significance of this is the West Antarctic Ice Sheet disinte- on the Hobbs Coast in late October study stems from the considerable atten- grating? If so, at what rate? What effect 1977; from there they will travel to tion being given to commercial exploita- would this have on world sea levels? (S- study areas in three UH-1N helicopters tion of antarctic marine living resources. 056) flown by U.S. Navy Antarctic Develop- Basic to the potential harvest of these ment Squadron Six (VXE-6). Ancient resources is a thorough knowledge of Radioactivity survey using airborne rocks and Tertiary and Quaternary vol- the productivity of these waters and of gamma-ray spectrometry. Edward J. canics will be sampled and geochronolo- factors controling production. (S-016) Zeller, University of Kansas. The survey gically dated, a radioactivity survey will begun last season will continue in Victo- be made, and glacial geomorphology Geodetic control in West Antarctica. ria Land and will be expanded into since the advent of the areas ice sheets William R. MacDonald, U.S. Geological Marie Byrd Land this season to deter- will be examined. Conditions permitting, Survey, Reston, Virginia. Our field team mine the distribution and concentration a second field camp on Bakutis Coast will work with British Antarctic of radioactive elements in the exposed will be established in early December at Survey (BAS) investigators this austral rocks of Antarctica. These data will ena- 75°30S. 114-W. (S-070)

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL Volcanic history of Marie Byrd parts of the Andean orogen of West Pole Station. An intermediate hole will Land. Wesley K LeMasurier, University Antarctica and South America. (S-082) be drilled to 1,000 meters at dome C, of Colorado, Denver. As part of this which contains some of the worlds seasons detailed geological and geo- Stratigraphy and sedimentary petrol- thickest known ice, and snow will be physical survey of Marie Byrd Lands ogy of the Fremouw Formation, Cumu- sampled from shallow pits dug in the Hobbs and Bakutis coastal areas, we will lus Hills. James W. Collinson and Ken- South Pole vicinity. Ice from as study volcanoes and vocanic rocks locat- deep as 1,000 meters at dome C will 1400 neth 0. Stanley, Ohio State University. ed between longitudes and I l0°W. We will study the stratigraphy and sedi- help to describe climate changes over Our fieldwork involves visiting the vol- mentary petrology of the Lower Triassic about the past 25,000 years, to deter- canoes, photographing geologic features vertebrate-bearing beds in Cumulus mine origins of chemical impurities and from the air and on the ground, mea- Hills (85°15S. 175°00W.), central to describe changes with time, and to suring geologic structures on the Transantarctic Mountains, this austral study the stability of the East Antarctic ground, and collecting samples for a summer to: (1) reconstruct the deposi- Ice Sheet in part by describing possible variety of later laboratory analyses. We tional environment and provenance of past elevation changes. Sampling of will be examining evidence that some the Fremouw Formation, (2) determine snow accumulated at the South Pole volcanoes here erupted beneath the ice the occurrence patterns of fossiliferous over about the past 15 years will aid sheet, when it was much larger than it is beds, and (3) locate additional fossil investigations of aerosol and other now, and that all of the volcanic erup- beds. (S-083) chemical constituents of antarctic snow. tions in this region are related to deep- IAGP is a cooperative venture linking seated processes that caused continental Australia, France, the Soviet Union, the drift and sea-floor spreading. (S-071) Triassic vertebrates of the Fremouw United Kingdom, and the United States Formation, Cumulus Hills. John W in a study of a large part of the East Cosgriff, Jr., Wayne State University. Antarctic Ice Sheet. Our researchers will Geology of the Leverett Glacier area. Early Triassic amphibians, reptiles, and Edmund Stump, Arizona State Universi- receive U.S. air support and use the hopefully fish will be collected this aus- dome C camp established by the United ty. Metasedimentary and metavolcanic tral summer in the proven fossil fields rocks of the late Precambrian basement States in the 1975-1976 season to sup- of the Fremouw Formation, Cumulus port recovery of the three downed LC- complex in the Leverett Glacier Hills (85°15S. 175°00W.), central Tran- (85°38S. 147°35W.) area of the central 130s (see March 1976 Antarctic Journal, santarctic Mountains. The fossil assem- page 38). (S-167) Transantarctic Mountains will be inves- blage from this area, sampled in 1970- tigated this austral summer by a four- 1971, is known to contain extensive tax- person field team. Specific objectives in- onomic diversity and to bear marked International Antarctic Glaciological clude (1) stratigraphic, petrographic, Project (IAGP) radio-echo sounding. G. faunal correspondence with assemblages de Q chemical, and structural analysis as well of nearly synchronous age from other . Robin, Scott Polar Research Insti- as radiometric dating of late Precambri- continents. Our objectives for this sea- tute (England). Our IAGP fieldwork this an and early Paleozoic formations of the son include expansion of the faunal list season will continue glaciological and Leverett Glacier area, and (2) regional and acquisition of additional morphol- geophysical exploration of the antarctic correlations of these rocks with others ogic information for the known taxa. ice sheet by airborne radio-echo sound- visited in the 1970-1971 and 1974-1975 These taxa have profound significance ing, with additional magnetometry. seasons in other portions of the Queen for plate tectonics and for attempts to Broad aims of this research are to ex- Maud Mountains. This research will reconstruct the geography and climatol- tend and eventually to complete a 100- contribute to a more complete under- ogy of the Triassic. New material will kilometer grid network over Antarctica standing of events during the Beard- help to further refine understanding of for investigation of ice form, thickness, more and Ross Orogenies. (S-076) and sub-ice geology. Also, specialized continental Triassic stratigraphy. (S-084) radio-echo sounding flights will assist interpretation of dynamics, thermodyn- Geological reconnaissance of the Magnetometer studies of plasma Orville Coast area. Peter D. Rowley, amics (including absorption effects), in- waves. R.R. Hea cock, University of ternal structure (related to flow charac- U.S. Geological Survey, Denver, Colora- Alaska, Fairbanks. This austral summer do. This austral summer we will geologi- teristics), and radio properties of the ice we will install a new data logger and a 3- sheet and ice shelves. Delimitation of cally reconnoiter the last remaining channel data amplifier to upgrade the large area (about 6,000 square kilome- sub-ice lakes and geological structures induction magnetometer system that has will be advanced by studies of terrain ters) of previously unvisited mountains been at the Soviet Unions Vostok Sta- in Antarctica. Traveling by motor tobog- roughness, reflection strengths, bottom tion (78°28S. 106°48E.), Antarctica, slopes, and permittivity estimates. The gans and living in tents, seven geologists since 1964. This will result in a signifi- and four topographic engineers will sounding will be conducted from aboard cantly improved data collection system a U.S. Antarctic Program LC-130 Her- explore the Orville Coast portion of the to provide magnetic field pulsation data southern Antarctic Peninsula. Geological cules airplane in cooperation with var- for studies of plasma waves on open ious U.S. investigators and personnel of investigations will include petrologic, magnetotail field lines. The Vostok data stratigraphic, structural, and paleonto- the Technical University of Denmark. will be compared with available satellite (S-l68) logic studies of folded fossiliferous mar- data to study characteristics of plasma ine sedimentary rocks of Jurassic age, as waves on open field lines at frequencies well as petrologic, paleomagnetic, geo- of 0.001 to 25 hertz. This effort is in Weddell Sea oceanographic investiga- chemical, and isotopic studies of igneous conjunction with the International Mag- tion. Theodore D. Foster, Scripps Insti- and metamorphic rocks of Jurassic and netospheric Study. (S- l 16) tution of Oceanography, University of Cretaceous ages. From these data inter- California, San Diego. The 1977-1978 pretations will be made on plate recon- International Weddell Sea Oceano- structions (i.e., continental drift) and International Antarctic Glaciological graphic Expedition will again investigate mineral resource potential, and correla- Project (IAGP) ice and snow sam- the formation of Antarctic Bottom Wa- tions and comparisons will be made with pling. C. Lorius, Laboratoire de Glaciol- ter in the southern Weddell Sea. Last rocks of the previously mapped and ogle (France). IAGP fieldwork will re- season the Norwegian research vessel adjacent Lassiter Coast and eastern Ell- sume this season at dome C (74°30S. Polarsirkel set out 10 current meters in sworth Land areas, as well as with other 123°10E.) and at Amundsen-Scott South five moorings between 740 and 75°S.

September 1977 and 330 and 40°W.; we plan to retrieve Marine biology under the Ross Ice Surface glaciology of the Ross Ice these meters this season from aboard a Shelf. Jere H. Lipps, University of Cali- Shelf. R. H. Thomas, University of U.S. Coast Guard icebreaker. We also fornia, Davis. The seabed under the Maine, Orono. As part of the Ross Ice expect to set out nine new current-met- Ross Ice Shelf is one of the last unex- Shelf Glaciological and Geophysical Sur- er moorings in the same general area plored areas on earth that may provide vey (RIGGS), our field team this austral for retrieval in 1978-1979. A closely a habitat for life. This project will deter- summer will complete measurements of spaced array of current-temperature- mine whether life exists in the marine surface strain rates on the shelf at grid depth stations (up to 441 stations 5 nau- waters and sediment under the Ross Ice stations every 50 kilometers. Also using tical miles apart in a square grid) will be Shelf, about the size of Texas, and com- data from other RIGGS projects, this made in this area as well this season. (S- pare the assemblages and their ecology work will be used to examine the equi- 200) to those of the open Ross Sea, about 475 librium state of the ice shelf, to test a kilometers away. Once the Ross Ice finite element computer model of the Shelf Project (RISP) main access hole is ice shelf that simulates ice-shelf behavior completed this season, we will conduct under any given boundary conditions, sampling with cameras, baited hooks, and to examine the stability of a marine traps, and a sphincter bottom sampler to ice sheet/shelf system. (8-152) provide data on the species composition, Ross Ice Shelf abundance, and interrelationships Isotope analyses of Ross Ice Shelf among any organizms present. Physical cores. W. Dansgaard, University of and chemical measurements will be used Copenhagen (Denmark). We will obtain Coordination of Ross Ice Shelf sci- to describe this unique environment. 10- to 15-meter firn ice cores this austral ence activities. John W. Clough, Univ- Samples from open-water areas near the summer at various Ross Ice Shelf Gla- ersity of Nebraska, Lincoln. Staff of the shelf front will be used to assess the ciological and Geophysical Survey sites. Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP) Manage- uniqueness of the assemblages under Total $ activity and the isotopic compo- ment Office will coordinate RISP and the ice shelf. (S-023) sition of snow deposition will be ana- related Ross Ice Shelf Glaciological and lyzed to determine annual snow accu- Geophysical Survey (RIGGS) field activi- mulation rates on the Ross Ice Shelf. (5- ties this austral summer. Drilling of the Biological activity in the water col- 153) main RISP access hole through the shelf umn beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. Os- at site 1-9 (about 475 kilometers from mund Holm-Hansen, Scripps Institution Analysis of ice cores. Chester C. the open Ross Sea) will be reattempted. of Oceanography, University of Califor- Langway, Jr., State University of New Thermal (hot water) penetration will be nia, San Diego. We will examine the dis- York, Buffalo. We will log and process used to free the drill, which became tribution and activities of microorgan- 100-meter ice cores from various shal- stuck at 330 meters in depth last season, isms in a cross-section of harsh antarctic low drilling sites on the Ross Ice Shelf and complete the access hole; if this environments this austral summer, with and in East Antarctica this austral sum- method proves unsuccessful, a separate special emphasis on microbial flora un- mer. Shallow pits will be excavated at access hole will be attempted nearby der the Ross Ice Shelf as part of the each site to study the surface physical using a different technique. Completion Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP). The bio- characteristics and to collect snow sam- of the access hole will allow investigators logical environment under the Ross Ice ples for later chemical analyses. Also, we to sample the water, sediments, and any Shelf is unique in that it does not re- will sample fumarole ice from the sum- life forms that may exist beneath the ceive any significant amount of solar mit of Mount Erebus, Ross Island, for floating Ross Ice Shelf, which covers an radiation, is very cold (about 2° to 3°C), later investigations of volcanic constitu- area about the size of Texas, as well as and does not have any productive eu- ents. Shallow (2-meter) pits will be exca- related studies. The fourth and final photic zone overlying it. The major bio- vated and sampled at radiating distances RIGGS field season will complete inves- logical areas to be addressed are (1) the from the Mount Erebus summit to de- tigations of the shelfs overall physical types, numbers, and distribution of or- termine how the Mount Erebus volcanic characteristics (ice thicknesses, sub-shelf ganisms found under the ice shelf, (2) plume affects surface snow chemistry water depths and terrain, tidal varia- the nature of the food web that is oper- with increasing distance from the vol- tions, ice-flow rates, etc.) using a con- ative in the water column, (3) the types canos crater. This new geophysical and tract Twin Otter airplane. (S-150) of physiological adaptations of orga- glaciological data will help to model ant- nisms as compared to open-sea orga- arctic ice sheets and to identify source(s) Analysis of sounds found under the nisms, and (4) chemical data for water of material in todays antarctic atmos- Ross Ice Shelf. Donald B. Siniff, Univ- samples as well as selected organisms. phere and determine variations and ersity of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Once (S-024) longer-term trends in atmospheric com- the Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP) access ponents during the recent and geologi- hole is completed at site J-9, we will cal past. (S-154) place hydrophones through the shelf to Geophysical survey of the Ross Ice make recordings of sounds in the water Shelf. C. R. Bentley, University of Wis- Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP) drill- below. The spectra and amplitude of consin, Madison. Our field team this ing operations. John H. Rand, U.S. these sounds will be analyzed and we austral summer will complete geophysi- Army Cold Regions Research and Engi- will attempt to predict their sources. cal station coverage of the Ross Ice neering Laboratory, and James A. Underwater ambient noise has been Shelf. We will survey ice thickness, water Browning, Browning Engineering Cor- recorded in ice-covered arctic regions, depth, sediment thickness, crustal struc- poration. Three approaches will be tak- but to our knowledge sound measure- ture, seismic wave velocity, c-rn wave en this season to complete the 30-centi- ments under shelf ice have never been velocity, and electrical resistivity in and meter RISP access hole at site J-9. The made in the south polar regions. Such under the shelf as part of the Ross Ice first will attempt to recover the 330 sound measurements are important for Shelf Glaciological and Geophysical Sur- meters of drill string that became stuck interpreting shelf-ice characteristics, and vey. Upon completion of the Ross Ice in the access hole last season and to fin- the correlation between sounds recorded Shelf Project main access hole at site J-9, ish drilling the hole. This method will and biological activity present will bene- we will conduct sonic logging measure- use hot water circulating through the fit biological investigations. (S-004B) ments in the hole. (S-151) drill string. If this fails, the second ap-

ANTARCTIC JOURNAL proach consists of continuous core drill- VLF radio waves and particles in the will also be made at Siples conjugate ing of a new access hole using DFA (die- earths magnetosphere, including the Northern Hemisphere location, Rober- sel fuel Arctic) as a drilling fluid in the influence of the particle distribution val, Quebec, Canada. (S-103) lower half of the hole. Regardless of function on wave growth and the per- whether these two approaches succeed, turbation of the particle population by Auroral radar studies. B. B. Baisley we will also attempt to complete an ac- the waves. The extent and physical sig- and W. L. Ecklund, National Oceanic cess hole using the Browning Flame-Jet nificance of power line radiation in the and Atmospheric Administration, Boul- Drill. Tests in Hanover, New Hamp- magnetosphere will be investigated. In der, Colorado. Very-high-frequency 50- shire, in March 1977 and in Greenland cooperation with other investigators, we megahertz radar will be used this year in July 1977 showed that it is feasible to will help to determine the worldwide to observe echoes from electron-density use this drill to complete a 25- to 30- pattern of plasma circulation in the plas- irregularities in the ionospheric E-re- centimeter hole filled with water masphere on quiet days, to evaluate the gion. Studies of the intensity and veloci- through the Ross Ice Shelf. (S-157 and role of an ionospheric dynamo process ty of the irregularities as a function of S-161) in that circulation. Natural and artificial- space and time will yield data on auroral ly induced precipitation of energetic electrojet currents and magnetospheric particles in the ionosphere Swill be exam- electric fields. The auroral radar data Ocean tides beneath the Ross Ice ined as well. A newly discovered one-to- Shelf. Edwin S. Robinson, Virginia Poly- will be combined with other ionospheric/ one relationship between whistler-mode magnetospheric data at Siple Station to technic Institute and State University. emissions and auroral-type radiation Gravity variations will be recorded at help understand auroral processes. (S- observed at Siple Station will be investi- 107) various sites (J-9, Q-13, C- 16, and 0-19) gated (S-I OOA) on the Ross Ice Shelf this season as part of a continuing project to measure and Electron precipitation associated with interpret the ocean tide and long-period Magnetometer measurements of ul- very-low-frequency (VLF) activity. W. swell beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. These tra-low-frequency (ULF) waves and R. Sheldon, University of Houston. Elec- data will be combined with observations magnetic storms. L. J. Lanzerotti and A. tron precipitation from the magnetos- from seven other locations to infer the Hasegawa, Bell Laboratories. This year phere induced by operation of the Siple amplitude and currents associated with we will continue our studies of changes VLF transmitter has been predicted but the Ross Sea tide and circulation caused in the earths magnetic field produced not observed, although X-rays due to by swell from the northern Ross Sea. (S- by magnetic storms and ULF waves precipitation electrons have been mea- 201) propagating in the earths magnetos- sured during natural VLF events. This phere. Data will be correlated with riom- austral summer, the X-ray flux in the eter and very-low-frequency data at Si- atmosphere will be measured at altitudes Physical oceanographic interactions pie Station as well as with an array of six of the Ross Ice Shelf and the Ross Sea. of 80 kilometers and below using a rock- Stanley S. Jacobs and Arnold L. Gor- ground-based magnetic stations in the et-boosted, parachute-deployed instru- don, Lamont-Doherty Geological Ob- Northern Hemisphere conjugate area. ment payload. The rocket boost of the The purpose of our ULF wave research instrument package allows the investiga- servatory of Columbia University. As is to study wave localization in the meri- part of the Ross Ice Shelf Project, we tion to be conducted at times when the dional and azimuthal directions and to VLF receiver at Roberval, Quebec, Can- will continue our investigations of the fit the observed results to recent theoret- relative influence of glacial and pack ice ada (Siples Northern-Hemisphere geo- ical work on these frequency waves. (S- magnetic conjugate point) indicates that on the seawater on the Ross Sea conti- 101) nental shelf and the interactions be- an event of interest is in progress. (5- tween that seawater and the deep ocean. 115) Micropulsation detection. Laurence J. Current meters and a thermistor chain Cahill, Jr., University of Minnesota, and will be set in a region where very cold Roger L. Arnoldy, University of New water results from melting beneath the Hampshire. We have confirmed that Ross Ice Shelf. At Ross Ice Shelf Project magnetic pulsations near 1 hertz in fre- site J-9, our work will focus on interac- quency are generated near the plasma- Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station tions between the shelf ice and the sea- pause (the outer boundary of the high water beneath. Using the J-9 access hole, density plasma region that surrounds temperature measurements will be made the earth). In the next phase of our in the water column beneath the ice Immunity responses during human project, we plan to study the polariza- bioisolation. Harold G. Muchmore, shelf and water samples will be collected tion of the pulsations to understand how and processed for salinity, oxygen, nu- Oklahoma Medical Research Founda- the signals propagate through the ionos- tion. Throughout 1977-1978 we will trients, tritium, and oxygen-18. Photo- phere and to ground-level receiving sta- graphs will be taken of the sea floor and continue our investigation of immunol- tions. Detectors located at Siple Station, ogic changes that occur in people who of the underside of the ice shelf, and Antarctica, and at Roberval, Quebec, light scattering observations and current winter in Antarctica. Various samples Canada, are used to collect the magnetic and specimens will be obtained from measurements will be made (S-202A&B) pulsation signals. (S-102) McMurdo and South Pole winterers before, during, and after their isolation High-latitude ionospheric absorption. to evaluate any loss of immunity (resist- Hugh J. A. (]hivers, University of Cali- ance to infection) during the austral Siple Station fornia, San Diego. Riometers and asso- winter. During the 1978 austral winter, ciated antennas will be installed and continuous cell lines will be maintained maintained during 1977-1978 at Siple, in tissue culture for the first time. These Amundsen-Scott South Pole, and Mc- tissue cultures will be used for attempt- Very-low-frequency (VLF) probing Murdo stations. This is a continuation of ed virus recovery during the isolation of the magnetosphere. R. A. Helliwell, our project to measure ionospheric ab- period. These studies are reviewed and Stanford University. We will continue sorption at different latitudes caused by approved annually by the Human Ex- our year-round project at Siple Station energetic electrons and protons precipi- perimentation Committee of the Okla- to determine the relationships between tated by solar activity. Measurements homa Medical Research Foundation and

September 1977 9 the Oklahoma University Health Sci- We will continue to monitor large-scale to analyze physical properties of aerosols ences Center. (S-007) auroral activity at the South Pole using in the lower atmosphere over Antarcti- all-sky photographs and DMSP satellite ca. Other research will be devoted to the meteorological processes that transport Search for the pendulum mode of photos. The all-sky camera will operate the earths inner core. L. B. Slichter at South Pole Station during the 1978 these particles to Antarctica and deposit and Leon Knopoff, University of Cali- austral winter. (S-106) them on the polar ice. (S-255) fornia, Los Angeles. Gravity measure- ments at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Sources and distribution of atmos- Ice-crystal precipitation in the atmos- Station are aimed at detecting the pen- pheric trace elements. William H. Zoll- phere. Takeshi Ohtake, University of dulum mode (PM) of the earths inner er, University of Maryland. Aerosols will Alaska, Fairbanks. To better understand core. In the PM, the inner core moves be collected this austral summer and nucleation mechanisms of ice crystals in bodily in the surrounding fluid at a per- winter in the South Pole Station vicinity, the antarctic atmosphere and their ef- iod estimated between 2 and 6 hours. A both at the new Clean Air Facility com- fects on the antarctic mass balance, the 2-meter pendulum will be tested in ther- pleted last season and at a site about 5 following ice-crystal measurements will mally drilled boreholes this year at the kilometers from the main station. Chem- be made this year at South Pole Station: South Pole. Such pendulums could sup- ical composition of these aerosols will be ice-crystal concentrations at ground lev- ply the two missing horizontal compo- determined, and their variation as a el, continuous ice-crystal replication, nents of the gravity vector, and should, function of particle size and time will be precipitation rates, all-sky photography at sensitivity equal to that of gravime- investigated and these parameters will of cloud cover, and aerosol samplings. ters, nearly double the chances of de- be related to the history of the air mass- Additional austral-summer measure- tecting the PM. (S-050) es being sampled. The size distribution ments will include vertical distribution of the particulate material will also be of ice crystals and humidity and ice- crystal collections for X-ray chemical South Pole doppler studies and geo- determined, as will the effect of ice- analysis. (S-256) ceiver support of the Ross Ice Shelf crystal scavenging for the removal of the Project (RISP)/Ross Ice Shelf Glaciol- particulate material from the atmos- ogical and Geophysical Survey phere. Using a specially instrumented Geophysical monitoring for climatic (RIGGS). William R. McDonald, U.S. U.S. Antarctic Program LC-130 Her- change. Kirby J. Hanson, National Geological Survey, Reston, Virginia. cules airplane, airborne collections of Oceanic and Atmospheric Administra- atmospheric particulates will be made Year-round doppler data will be gath- tion, Boulder, Colorado. Monitoring above and below the tropopause over ered for the sixth consecutive season at during 1977-1978 will continue to iden- the antarctic continent. In the McMurdo Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station dur- tify current pollution levels and long- Sound vicinity this summer, we will at- ing 1977-1978 to (1) study ice-sheet term trends in the concentration of sig- tempt to sample volcanic emissions from movement, (2) determine polar motion nificant constituents that may affect the Mount Erebus (77°32S. 167°09E., eleva- and the earths spin axis, (3) support the environment and possibly induce climat- tion 3,794 meters) both from the crater worldwide geodetic net program, and ic change. Measurements will be made rim and from aboard the LC-130. (S- (4) serve as a master translocation sta- of surface aerosols, atmospheric turbidi- 250) tion for refining doppler positions estab- ty, total solar radiation, and trace gases lished in other USGS geophysical and such as carbon dioxide and ozone. (5- mapping control operations. On the Atmospheric processes and energy 257) Ross Ice Shelf this austral summer, our transfers. John J Carroll and Kinsell L. . Atmospheric electric measurements. field team will continue position deter- Coulson, University of California, Davis. William F. Cobb, National Oceanic and minations for RISPIRIGGS geophysical During 1977-1978 we will continue Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, studies. Doppler data will be collected at long-term monitoring of the compo- Colorado. We are establishing an envi- 15 new sites and 82 sites visited last sea- nents of the surface energy balance and ronmental benchmark of the polar pla- son will be reobserved to determine ice their relation to local synoptic meteorol- teaus atmospheric electric climate. Some velocites. (S-052A&B) ogical events. In addition, previously electrical parameters, particularly con- recorded data will be analyzed to prov- ductivity, are sensitive indicators of am- ide seasonal means of these components Auroral photometry. S. B. Mende, bient environmental aerosol characteris- and their short-term variability. As our Lockheed Palo Alto Research Laborato- tics; future measurements thus may be data base increases, we will be develop- ry. We will monitor particle precipita- compared to todays baseline values to ing predictive models of the surface tion by optical techniques and measure detect long-term changes in the atmos- energy balance with routine weather auroral features to investigate changes pheric burden of suspended particu- observations as input. (S-253) in the dayside magnetospheric cusp po- lates. Measurements are also being made sition and intensity that are related to to determine the origin of the atmos- magnetic activity. We also will investi- Acoustic doppler wind sensing. Free- pheric electric field and the flow of cur- gate the reaction chemistry of oxygen in man F. Hall, Jr., National Oceanic and rent between the earth and the ionos- the atmosphere by measuring various Atmospheric Administration, Boulder, phere, which—according to the most transitions in auroral conditions. This Colorado. Doppler shifts of scattered widely accepted hypothesis—is closely year-round experiment provides a data acoustic signals will be used to deter- related to worldwide thunderstorm ac- base for joint investigations in the Inter- mine the wind profile over South Pole tivity. (S-258) national Magnetospheric Study program Station. These data, together with sur- and ground-based data for coordinated face-layer data, will help to further un- Atmospheric radiation and aerosols. experiments using polar-orbiting satel- derstand the structure and dynamics of Glenn E. Shaw, University of Alaska, lites. South Pole is close to the cusp dur- the planetary boundary layer over the Fairbanks. Our research this austral ing the magnetic midday period and ice plateau and to test the applicability summer will concentrate on determining therefore is a suitable site from which to of various theoretical models. (S-254) optical and physical properties of sus- observe these phenomena. (S-104) pended particulates in the central ant- Aerosols of the polar regions. Austin arctic atmosphere by using measure- All-sky photography. Syun-Ichi Aka- W. Hogan, State University of New ments of atmospheric transmission and sofu, University of Alaska, Fairbanks. York, Albany. This year we will attempt sky radiation. We will relate optical and

10 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL physical properties to sources, methods second conducts laboratory studies at Documentation of Ross Sea glacia- of transport, and meteorological condi- McMurdo Stations Eklund Biological tions: events in Wright and Victoria tions. (S-259) Center. Our overall objectives: (1) devel- valleys. Harold W. Borns, Jr., Universi- op a classification system for antarctic ty of Maine, Orono. This austral sum- Analysis of halocarbons. R. A. Ras- lakes that will include their biological, mer we will study the sequence and ab- mussen, Oregon Graduate Center, Beav- chemical, and physical structure, func- solute chronology of the unique Ross erton. We are determining the concen- tion, and evolution; (2) demonstrate the Sea glaciations through documentation tration distribution of man-made interaction between lakes and associated of specific events recorded in the sea- fluorocarbons and related chlorocarbons soils; (3) disclose the spectrum of antarc- ward end of Wright Valley. Emphasis in the antarctic atmosphere by systemati- tic lakes in comparison with those of will be placed on potassium-argon and cally measuring their buildup in the other frigid regions. (S-002) radiocarbon dating, soils analyses, and atmosphere and the snow and ice of visual and photographic observations. Antarctica (McMurdo and South Pole Our results will be integrated with what Station vicinities). Research in our pre- Endolithic algae as primary produ- is already known from the entire Mc- vious three field seasons revealed a cers in an antarctic desert ecosystem. Murdo Sound/Ross Sea region. Loca- steady increase in the atmospheric con- E. Imre Friedmann, Florida State Univ- tions of drift borders and associated centrations of these chemicals, which is ersity. This austral summer we will con- sequences of glacial events within the consistent with their similarly observed tinue to survey the distribution pattern Ross Sea glaciations will be defined buildup in the atmosphere of the North- of endolithic microorganisms in relation along with the relative and absolute ern Hemisphere. The data strongly sug- to microclimatological parameters, ex- chronology of events in Wright Valley, gest that Northern Hemisphere air posure, rock type, etc., in the dry valleys southern Victoria Land. (S-080) masses are exchanging with those of the of southern Victoria Land. These orga- Southern Hemisphere much more rap- nisms, which are similar to those we idly than previously thought. The great- have found in hot deserts, are the first International cooperation est changes observed in fluorocarbon evidence of primary producers in the and chiorocarbon concentration distri- cold antarctic desert ecosystem. Samples butions have been in the more rapid will be shipped frozen to the Eklund increase in chlorocarbon atmospheric Biological Center at McMurdo Station In addition to some of the projects levels as compared to fluorocarbon. (S- for microscopic and culture work that described above, at least nine other 262) will be continued later at our home lab- 1977-1978 antarctic projects will involve oratory. (SM 15) U.S.-foreign nation interactions in per- Atmospheric tritium sampling. H. sonnel and support services. Projects in Gote Ostlund and Allen S. Mason, Univ- Geothermal studies. Edward R. Deck- this category follow: ersity of Miami. Atmospheric tritiated er, University of Wyoming. This austral Joint Argentine/U.S. ARA Islas Orca- water vapor, tritium gas, and tritiated summer we will obtain equilibrium tem- das circuinantarctic oceanographic sur- hydrocarbons will be sampled at South peratures and gradients in all of the vey. Pole Station this austral summer. The accessible Dry Valley Drilling Project Logistics support (McMurdo Station). South Pole is ideal for establishing glob- (DVDP) drill holes from previous field Raymond I. Garrod, Antarctic Division, al baselines for these species since it is so seasons. At Lake Vida (hole 6), tempera- Australian Department of Science. remote. The data will contribute to ture measurements will be made both Reconnaissance for retrieval of U.S. knowledge of interhemispheric air ex- before and after the hole has been re- preserved with casing and grouting. The LC-130 148321 airplane. Jean Vauge- change, atmospheric hydrogen and lade, Expeditions Polaires Francaises. methane residence times, and the verti- other DVDP sites in the dry valleys cal flux of water vapor between the tro- (holes 4 through 14) will be visited at Cooperative program (McMurdo Sta- posphere and the stratosphere. Also, least twice this summer to log subsurface tion and southern Victoria Land). Tak- snow smaples will be collected for ana- temperatures. These data are required esi Nagata, Japan National institute of lyses of tritium activity. Comparison for reliable heat-flow and other geother- Polar Research. with atmospheric vapor activity will help mal studies in the dry valleys. (S-054) to estimate the water flux between snow N.Z./U.S. logistics support exchange and air. (S-267) Search for meteorities in Antarctica. (McMurdo Station, Scott Base). Antarc- W. A. Cassidy, University of Pittsburgh. tic Division, N.Z. Department of Scien- tific and industrial Research, and Divi- Antarctic ice conditions concentrate sion of Polar Programs, U.S. National meteorites laterally and/or through time Science Foundation. Southern Victoria Land so that many can be found within rela- tively small areas. This season we hope Meteorological observations (Amund- to locate more previously undiscovered sen-Scott South Pole Station). John areas of meteorites within 300 kilome- DeLisle, N.Z. National Weather Service. Ecosystem comparisons of lakes and ters of McMurdo Station and to make as Cooperative program (Cumulus soils. Bruce C. Parker, Robert A. Pater- complete a collection as possible from son, and George M. Simmons, Virginia Hills, central Transantarctjc Moun- such areas. We will observe ice-sheet tains). F. S. Hewitt, South African Polytechnic Institute and State Universi- and landform relationships to better Council for Scientific and Industrial ty. In this first of three planned field understand their interrelations in areas Research. seasons we will survey a large number of where meteorites are concentrated. lakes in southern Victoria Lands ice- Collection of rare types of meteorites U.S.S.R./U.S. exchange scientist pro- free valleys using several methods that gram. Soviet Arctic and Antarctic Re- preserved under antarctic conditions search generally have not been applied to them may permit better estimates of average Institute and U.S. National Sci- before (adenosine triphosphate analysis, meteorite composition, lead to informa- ence Foundation. fluorometric analyses of chlorophyll, tion on the relative age of antarctic ice, Logistics support and doppler ex- kinetic uptake of select organic interme- and result in the discovery of previously periment (Palmer Station). Richard M. diary metabolic products, etc.). One field unknown types of meteorites or lunar Laws and W. R. Piggott, British Antarc- team will work in the dry valleys while a ejecta. (S-058) tic Survey.

September 1977 11 Fourth stranded U.S. antarctic Hercules may be recovered

With the successful recovery on Christmas Day 1976 of the last of three damaged U.S. Antarctic Pro- gram LC-130 Hercules airplanes from dome C (74°30S. 123°I0E.) in East Antarctica, National Science Foundation and U.S. Navy officials now are considering a similar at- tempt on a fourth disabled LC-130 abandoned about 1,060 kilometers from McMurdo Station in Decem- ber 1971. The last remaining dome C Her- cules (number 148319) had been stranded since 15 January 1975 (see March 1976 Antarctic Journal, page U. S. Navy 39), when a JATO (jet-assisted take- Hercules 148319—the last and most seriously damaged of three U.S. Antarctic off) canister ignited a fire that des- Program LC-130s at dome C—arrives at McMurdo Station on 25 December troyed a wing section. On 28 De- 1976. The field-repaired airplane was flown the 1,150 kilometers from dome C cember 1976, 3 days after arriving to McMurdo by Commander Daniel A. Desko, then-commanding officer of Navy at McMurdo from dome C, the air- Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6). Commander James W. Jaeger plane was flown onward to New relieved him as VXE-6 commanding officer in 2 June 1977 ceremonies at Naval Zealand and the United States, Air Station Point Mugu, California. where it is undergoing permanent repairs for an expected return to service late this coming field season. 21). Like two of the three dome C antarctic airplane recovery at dome The fourth LC-130 (number accidents, this one also was caused C, indicate that LC-130 321 is an 148321) was downed on 4 Decem- by a malfunctioning JATO system. excellent candidate for repair and ber 1971 at 68°20S. 137°31E., U.S. aerial and French surface ob- return to service. about 225 kilometers inland from servations over the past 6 years, U.S. Navy and civilian aviation the French antarctic station Du- together with what is known of the experts will visit the stranded air- mont DUrville, after resupplying a actual damage the airplane sus- plane this season with assistance French traverse (see January/Feb- tained in 1971 and the experience from Expeditions Polaires Francaises. ruary 1971 Antarctic Journal, page Navy and civilian crews gained in The plan goes like this: Wintering

We

Photos by u.a Navy

Three views of LC-130 148321, which was downed at 68 020S. 137°31 1 E. after a JATO failure on 4 December 1971. Left: surface view on the accident day. Center: aerial view of the partially burled airplane during the 1974-1975 season. Right: tail section and propeller tips photographed from the air on 27 December 1976. Earlier French surface recon- naissance of the then-partially burled airplane Indicates that the fuselage interior is virtually snow-free. With assistance from the French antarctic program, U.S. aviation experts will visit the stranded airplane this season to evaluate its po- tential for recovery and return to service.

12 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL French personnel at Dumont D- Office, University of Nebraska, Lin- Urville will construct a skiway near coln. their station. A second French sup- port team will be flown to the site from McMurdo early in December 1977 aboard a U.S. LC-130. From Third DVDP seminar there the team will traverse to the airplane site to build a second ski- announced way. Next, a team of experts from the Navy and Lockheed-Georgia Company (manufacturers of C-130 A third seminar on scientific re- airplanes), plus a Navy support sults of the Dry Valley Drilling team, will be flown in from Mc- Project (DVDP) has been an- Murdo to complete a technical re- nounced for 5-11 June 1978 in view of the airplanes present condi- Tokyo, Japan. The sessions will be tion. convened by Takesi Nagata of the If this seasons inspection shows Japan National Institute of Polar the airplane to be recoverable, an Research. all-out effort is likely for the 1978- DVDP retrieved core and other 1979 season. Successful recovery geological specimens from 15 drill- and return to service would holes in the McMurdo Sound re- strengthen the U.S. antarctic fixed- gion from 1972-1973 to 1975-1976. wing airplane fleet to a total of A cooperative venture of Japan, eight LC-130s, including the two New Zealand, and the United I" new ones-160740 and 160741— States, DVDP preliminary results delivered this past spring. have been presented at two pre- Edward P. Todd vious seminars in Seattle, Washing- ton (May 1974), and in Wellington, New Zealand (January 1976). chusetts, Dr. Todd received the Antarctic airplanes B.S. in physics in 1942 from Massa- chusetts Institute of Technology aid Greenland and the Ph.D., also in physics, in program New director of polar 1954 from the University of Colora- do. Following two periods of in- programs named dustrial research employment, he was a research associate and techni- Two U.S. Antarctic Program LC- cal director of the University of 130 Hercules airplanes were used In mid-August 1977, Edward P. Colorados Laboratory for Atmos- this northern summer to support Todd was appointed director of the pheric and Space Physics from 1957 remote field operations of the Na- National Science Foundations to 1963. In 1971 he received the tional Science Foundation-spon- (NSF) Division of Polar Programs NSF Distinguished Service Medal as sored Greenland Ice Sheet Program (DPP) by Foundation Director deputy assistant director for re- (GISP). Richard C. Atkinson. search. The two ski-equipped airplanes, The position had been left vacant flown by U.S. Navy Antarctic Devel- by the 15 July resignation of Robert opment Squadron Six (VXE-6), H. Rutford, DPP director since were in Greenland on three occa- April 1975, to become vice chancel- sions between early July and mid- lor for research and graduate stud- Poland achieves August. GISP field parties were ies at the University of Nebraska, transported to and from Camp Lincoln. Antarctic Treaty Century, a new camp called North Dr. Todd has been on the Foun- Central, and a U.S. Air Force instal- dation staff in various capacities, consultative status lation, DYE-2, on the Greenland including several senior posts, since Ice Sheet. At DYE-2, the Browning 1963. He will continue to serve as Representatives of the 12 Antarc- Flame-Jet Drill was successfully tested acting assistant NSF director for tic Treaty signatory nations, gath- for use in the antarctic Ross Ice Shelf astronomical, atmospheric, earth, ered in London for a special con- Project during the coming 1977-1978 and ocean sciences—the directorate sultative meeting on 29 July 1977, field season. of which DPP is a part—until Presi- recognized the consultative status of GISP is a 5-year international dent Carter names a successor to the Polish Peoples Republic. study of the factors controlling the Robert E. Hughes, who stepped Poland, which on 8 June 1961 Greenland Ice Sheets present and down from the post last December was the first nation to accede to the past mass balances, atmospheric to return to Cornell University. Dr. Treaty after it was signed by the processes, and responses to climatic Todd had been Dr. Hughes deputy original 12 nations on 1 December change. GISP field activities are since August 1975. 1959, is also the first acceding party coordinated by the Polar Ice Coring A native of Newburyport, Massa- to the Treaty to gain consultative

September 1977 13 status under Antarctic Treaty Arti- ocean, died 21 June 1977 of an ocean floors that were distributed cle IX(2). The Antarctic Treaty apparent heart attack. He was by the National Geographic Society. entered into force on 23 June 1961. aboard the U.S. Navy research Dr. Heezen and Ms. Tharp were With consultative status, Poland submarine NR-1 about to explore co-representatives aboard USNS has the right to participate in deli- the mid-Atlantic mountains of the Eltanin cruise 55, from October to berations, recommendations, and Reykjanes Ridge southwest of Ice- December 1972, in the southern decisions of Antarctic Treaty con- land. Indian Ocean. Together they and sultative meetings. The Ninth Con- Dr. Heezen was associated with Charles R. Bentley, University of sultative Meeting is scheduled for Lamont-Doherty Geological Observ- Wisconsin, wrote Antarctic Map 19 September to 7 October 1977, atory of Columbia University since Folio Series, 16 ("Morphology of also in London. Before Julys spe- its founding in 1949. His many the earth in the Antarctic and Su- cial consultative meeting, the Polish important discoveries in marine bantarctic"). Dr. Heezen published government announced that it had geology included description of the over 100 research papers and co- role turbidity currents play in shap- authored at least two books, The ing the sea floor. Dr. Heezen and Floors of the Oceans (with Maurice his co-worker, Marie Tharp, also of Ewing and Ms. Tharp) and The Following is the text of Article Lamont-Doherty, authored a set of Face of the Deep (with Charles D. IX(2) of the Antarctic Treaty: physiographic maps of the worlds Hollister).

2. Each Contracting Party which has become a party to the present Treaty Foundation awards of funds for by accession under Article XIII shall be entitled to appoint representatives to antarctic projects participate in the [consultative] meet- ings referred to in paragraph I of the 1 April to 30 June 1977 present Article, during such time as that Contracting Party demonstrates Below are listed National Science Foundation antarctic awards its interest in Antarctica by conducting substantial scientific research activity made in the third quarter of fiscal 1977 (1 April to 30 June 1977). there, such as the establishment of a Each item lists principal investigator or project manager, investiga- scientific station or the dispatch of a tors or managers institution, shortened title of award, award num- scientific expedition. ber, duration, and amount. A few investigators received joint awards from more than one Foundation program, and the full amounts of their awards are shown in parentheses. International Southern Ocean Studies awards were made by the Division of approved all recommendations adopted by the previous eight regu- Ocean Sciences; all others, except one by the Division of Advanced lar consultative meetings in further- Energy Resources Research and Technology, were made by the ance of the principles and provi- Division of Polar Programs. sions of the Antarctic Treaty. International travel Jezek, Kenneth. University of Wisconsin, Poland has established a new Madison. Cambridge, England, Sep- year-round antarctic station, Arc- Bentley, Charles R. University of Wis- tember 1977, for Symposium on Phys- towski (62°10S. 58°28W.), on King consin, Madison. Cambridge, Eng- land, September 1977, for Symposium ics and Chemistry of Ice. DPP 77- George Island west of the Antarctic on Physics and Chemistry of Ice. DPP 1815 1. 6 months. $929. Peninsula. The station began year- 77-17977. 6 months. $929. Kennett, James P. University of Rhode round operation last March. Craddock, Campbell J. University of Island. Birmingham, England, August The original 12 Antarctic Treaty Wisconsin, Madison. Copenhagen, 1977, for Tenth International Union signatory nations are Argentina, for Quaternary Research. DPP 77- Denmark, May 1977, for organization- 18872. 6 months. $819. Australia, Belgium, Chile, France, al meeting of new Commission on Milan, Frederick. University of Alaska, Japan, New Zealand, Norway, Tectonics of the International Union Fairbanks. Novosibirsk, Soviet Union, South Africa, the Soviet Union, the of Geological Sciences. DPP 77-16409. June 1978, for coordination of U.S. United Kingdom, and the United 6 months. $859. DeMaster, Douglas P. University of attendance at Fourth International States. Minnesota, Minneapolis. Cambridge, Symposium on Circumpolar Health. England August 1977, for SCAR DPP 77-21152.6 months. $1,160. Workshop on Seal Methodology. DPP Parker, Bruce C. Melbourne, Australia, 77-20407. 6 months. $809. August 1977, for Workshop on Ori- Erickson, A. W. University of Idaho. gin, Evolution, Community Structure, Cambridge, England, August 1977, and Function of Polar Aquatic Ecosys- Bruce C. Heezen for SCAR Workshop on Seal Metho- tems. DPP 77-16388. 6 months. $2,- dead at 53 dology. DPP 77-19985. 6 months. 089. $1,021. Services and support Hanley, Thomas 0. Campion College. Cambridge, England, September DeGoes, Louis. National Academy of Bruce C. Heezen, whose pioneer- 1977, for Symposium on Physics and Sciences. U.S. support of SCAR group ing work in mapping the ocean Chemistry of Ice. DPP 77-15775. 6 of specialists on environmental impact floors encompassed the southern months. $857. assessment of antarctic mineral re-

14 ANTARCTIC JOURNAL source exploration and exploitation. land. Rocket investigation of electron Sheldon, Richard P. U.S. Geological DPP 77-13035. 6 months. $33,700. precipitation triggered by VLF emis- Survey. Preparation, printing, and dis- Johnson, James R. Holmes and Narver, sions. DPP 76-80947. 12 months. tribution of antarctic geologic maps. Inc. Station operation and other sup- $27,450 ($54,900). DPP 76-80050. 12 months. $20,724. port. DPP 77-11591. 7 months. $1,- Rosenberg, Theodore J . University of Washburn, A. L. University of Washing- 052,505. Maryland. Stimulated electron precipi- ton. Antarctic permafrost-core analy- Johnson, James R. Holmes and Narver, tation near the plasmapause. DPP 76- sis. DPP 76-24403. 12 months. $42,- Inc. Operation of Palmer Station and 82041. 27 months. $59,800 ($199,200). 300. R/V Hero. DPP 77-19131. 3 months. Webb, Peter N. Northern Illinois Univ- $122.700. ersity. Logging, curation, and summa- Knapp, R. J. Department of Transporta- Biology and medicine ry micropaleontological evaluation of tion. Services of two Wind-class ice- RISP subshelf geological materials. Barsdate, Robert J. University of Alaska, breakers, 1976-1977 season. DPP 77- Fairbanks. Effect of ice facies on DPP 77-20891. 12 months. $27,200. 01365. 12 months. $622,200. small-scale oceanographic phenomena. Knapp, R. J . Department of Transporta- DPP 77-09423. 12 months. $60,000. Meteorology tion. Installation of precision depth Baust, John G. University of Houston. recorders. DPP 77-12501. 6 months. Freezing tolerance of terrestrial an- Hofmann, David J . University of Wyo- $24,000. thropods. DPP 76-24205. 12 months. ming. Measurement of fluorocarbons, Nordhill, Claude H. Department of $22,700. nitrous oxide, and aerosols in the strato- Defense. Logistics and support. DPP Benninghoff, William S. University of sphere. DPP 76-23048. 9 months. $35,- 77-14788. 5 months. $8,000,000. Michigan. Airborne biological parti- 800. Vicente, Calixto E. Government of the cles. DPP 77-00202. 12 months. $8,- Little, C. Gordon. National Oceanic and Argentine Republic. Operation and 300. Atmospheric Administration. Acoustic use of the research ship ARA Islas Dick, Elliot C. University of Wisconsin, doppler wind sensing at the South Pole. Orcadas. DIP 77-16031. 6 months. Madison. Respiratory virus transmis- DPP 77-04865.36 months. $81,900. $500,000. sion among isolated persons. DPP 76- Schwerdtfger, Werner. University of 83918. 12 months. $50,000. Wisconsin, Madison. Meteorological Glaciology research. DPP 77-04506. 12 months. Landrum, Betty J . Smithsonian Institu- Bentley, Charles R. University of Wis- tion. Publication of proceedings of $43,400. consin, Madison. Geophysical survey Third SCAR/IUBS Symposium on Smiley, Vern N. Desert Research Insti- of the Ross Ice Shelf. DPP 76-01415. 12 Antarctic Biology. DPP 77-20391. 5 tute. Origin of ice crystals in polar months. $103,700. months. $3,500. precipitation. DPP 76-24649. 8 Clough, John W. University of Nebras- Muchmore, Harold G. Oklahoma Medi- months. $70,300. ka, Lincoln. Management of Ross Ice cal Research Foundation. Immunity Shelf Project. DPP 76-23360. 12 responses during human bio-isolation. Ocean sciences months. $600,000. DPP 76-23789. 12 months. $99,800. Clough, John W. University of Nebras- McWhinnie, M.A. De Paul University. Foster, Theodore D. University of Cali- ka, Lincoln. Analysis of radio-echo Assessment of the adequacy of availa- sounding data. DPP 77-00205. 18 fornia, San Diego. International Wed- ble information on antarctic krill. deli Sea Oceanographic Expedition. months. $15,200. AER 77-20483. 7 months. $47,100. Dansgaard, Willi. University of Copen- DPP 77-03857. 12 months. $190,000. Foster, Theodore D. University of Cali- hagen. Isotope analysis of urn and ice Geology and geophysics from the Ross Ice Shelf. 12 months. fornia, San Diego. Weddell Gyre $21,600. Workshop. DPP 77-05310. 12 months. Cosgriff, John W. Wayne State Universi- $14,000. Langway, Chester C., Jr. State University ty. Triassic vertebrates from the Fre- of New York, Buffalo. Polar ice-core Gordon, Arnold L. Columbia University. mouw Formation, Cumulus Hills. DPP analysis. DPP 77-04509. 12 months. Circumpolar oceanographic survey $97,500 ($195,000). 76-23435. 18 months. $46,500. aboard ARA Islas Orcadas cruises 15- Decker, Edward R. University of Wyo- Schmidt, William F. University of 78 and 16-78. DPP 76-81240. 12 Maine, Orono. Finite element model- ming. Geothermal studies. DPP 77- months. $236,100. 00207. 18 months. $18,200. ing of ice-shelf dynamics. DPP 77- Huang, Ter Chien. University of Rhode Elliot, David H. Ohio State University. 00204. 12 months. $14,900. Island. Glacial history recorded in sed- Geology and geophysics of Mesozoic Thomas, Robert H. University of Maine, iments of the southern ocean. DPP Orono. Glaciological survey of the and Cenozoic basins of the Antarctic 77-09491. 12 months. $55,300. Peninsula and Scotia Arc areas. DPP Ross Ice Shelf. DPP 77-12906. 12 Jacobs, Stanley S. Columbia University. months. $60,400 76-23427. 12 months. $42,800. Physical oceanography of the Ross Hanson, Gilbert N. State University of Whillans, Ian M. Ohio State University. Sea. DPP 76-80164. 12 months. $40,- New York, Stony Brook. Trace-ele- Glaciology of the dome C area, East 000. Antarctica. DPP 76-23428. 18 months. ment and lead-isotope study of the Kennett, James P. University of Rhode $65,500. Dufek Intrusion and related rocks. Island. Micropaleontological and pa- DPP 76-18592. 6 months. $7,200. ieoenvironmental studies of marine Upper-atmosphere physics Lyddan, Robert H. U.S. Geological Sur- sediments from the southern ocean. vey. Mapping. DPP 77-17777. 18 DPP 77-06687. 12 months. $40,700. Akasofu, Syun-Ichi. University of Alas- months. $240,600. Kennett, James P. University of Rhode ka, Fairbanks. Midday auroras at the McGinnis, Lyle D. Northern Illinois Island. Micropaleontological and pa- South Pole. DPP 76-80737. 12 months. University. Dry Valley Drilling Project leoenvironmental studies of marine $35,000. data reduction. DPP 76-80404. 12 sediments from the southern ocean. Helliwell, Robert A. Stanford University. months. $43,974. DPP 77-13420. 4 months. $650. VLF probing of the magnetosphere Sheldon, Richard P. U.S. Geological Robinson, Edwin S. Virginia Polytechnic from Siple Station. DPP 76-82646. 15 Survey. Geologic mapping of the Or- Institute and State University. Ocean months. $183,300 ($338,400). ville Coast area. DPP 76-12557. 18 tides beneath the Ross Ice Shelf. DPP Matthews, David L. University of Mary- months. $84,000. 76-23600. 12 months. $48,200.

September 1977 15

U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1977-241-307:2

Sciater, John G. Massachusetts Institute International Southern Ocean Studies the southeast Atlantic Ocean. OCE 76- of Technology. Geophysical research 81149. $29,600. aboard ARA Islas Orcadas. DPP 77- Allen, John. Oregon State University. Kirwan, Dennis. Texas A&M University. 06063. 16 months. $57,100. Theoretical studies of time-dependent Southern ocean lagrangian observa- Wise, Sherwood W., Jr. Florida State flow in the vicinity of Drake Passage. tions. OCE 77-16825. $106,600. University. Piston and trigger core OCE 77-84258. $15,600. Spillane, Michael. Nova University. studies aboard ARA Islas Orcadas. Georgi, Daniel, and Arnold L. Gordon. Quasi-geostrophic zonal jets. OCE 77- DPP 77-19360. 12 months. $60,000. Columbia University. Circulation of 14619. $29,000. Monthly climate summary

MAY 1977 JUNE 1977 JULY 1977 Feature McMurdo Palmer South Pole McMurdo Palmer South Pole McMurdo Palmer South Pole (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date) (date)

Average temperature (°C) -21.6 -5 -55.1 -24.0 -7 -56.4 -22.8 -14 -56.5 Temperature maximum -5.0 3 -33.3 -10.0 4 -41.1 -6.7 -1 -41.6 (°C) (5/27) (5/25) (5/25) (6/11) (6/6) (6/25) (7/27) (7/6) (7/31)

Temperature minimum -37.9 -14 -72.0 -37.2 -17 -69.4 -37.8 -27 -69.4 (°C) (5/1) (5/24) (5/2) (6/23) (6/25) (6/19) (7/18) (7/31) (7/21) Average station pressure (mb) 989.2 683.5 992.9 682.5 986.5 679.4

Pressure maximum 998.3 698.0 1011.9 699.5 1010.2 697.1 (mb) (5/31) (5/16) (6/24) (6/24) (7/30) (7/26)

Pressure minimum 972.2 671.3 972.9 659.6 964.8 657.5 (mb) (5/3) (5/6) (6/6) (6/30) (7/4) (7/1)

Snowfall (mm) 210.9 Trace 264.2 Trace 332.7 Trace

Prevailing wind direction 860 200 800 3600 900 10°

Average wind speed (m/sec) 5.5 5.3 5.4 4.4 5.9 5.2

Fastest wind speed 28 15 26 12 28 13 (m/sec) 1500 100 1150 200 1800 200

Average sky cover (missing) 3.5/8 3.1/10 4.0/8 4.4/10 3.9/8

Number clear days 4 6 9 5 6 5

Number partly cloudy days 20 13 16 7 17 II

Number cloudy days 7 12 5 18 8 15

Number days with visibility less than 0.4 km 4 10 2 4 2 6

Temperature data unverified.

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