DOCSLIB.ORG

Antarc D1rlr1ei

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

antarctic I] OFTHE hUN lIED D1rLr1Ei U STATES September 1977 National Science Foundation Volume X11—Number 3 1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic Program under way Early this month, U.S. Navy Antarctic Development Squadron Six (VXE-6) completed a series of turnaround "winfly" (winter fly- I 11_11a1ia" in) LC-130 flights to McMurdo Station from Christchurch, New Zealand. Science and support personnel, plus cargo of various kinds (mail, fresh foods, etc.), were delivered for a traditional head start on the 1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic Program field season. Meanwhile, the bulk of 1977-1978 investigators and some sup- port personnel gathered at Reston, Virginia, 18-21 September for the annual U.S. Antarctic Program Orientation Conference. Ses- sions included training in various aspects of coldweather work and survival, information on how to This issue introduces a new prepare shipments of science cargo U.S. coast Guard format for Antarctic Journal of and specimens, and general fami- the United States that we hope liarization with the research being will better respond to readers conducted by other disciplines in information needs regarding the Antarctica. U.S. Antarctic Program. Quart- USCGC Polar Star, one of two most Full-scale 1977-1978 U.S. opera- powerful icebreakers ever built by the erly issues in March, June, Sep- tions in Antarctica begin at Mc- United States, is scheduled to partici- tember, and December will con- Murdo in early October, followed pate in the 1977-1978 U.S. Antarctic tain the kinds of information by the seasons first flights to Program. Commissioned in January presented in the previous for- Amundsen-Scott South Pole and it 1976, the "Polar class" icebreaker will mats and notes" section. Siple stations by early November. break the channel through McMurdo Included will be items on activi- R/V Hero is expected to dock at Sounds annual ice to McMurdo Station ties and events in the field and Palmer Station, on Anvers Island in early January 1978 after completing related developments elsewhere, off the Antarctic Peninsula, for the ice trials farther out in the Ross Sea announcements of antarctic-sci- pack ice. Also participating in this sea- first time this season in early De- sons field program are two older Coast ence-related conferences, a list of cember. Guard icebreakers, Glacier and Burton recent antarctic grants and con- Over 325 U.S.-sponsored investi- Island. Polar Star and a sister ship, tracts awarded by the National gators will fan out over the antarc- USCGC Polar Sea (commissioned in Science Foundation, and the tic continent and surrounding seas January 1977), measure 122 meters monthly antarctic climate sum- this season to conduct some 90 and can crack through ice over 6 met- mary. A substantially larger fifth projects in biology, biomedicine, ers thick. Both of the new icebreakers issue, which will appear for the have controllable pitch propellers earth sciences, glaciology, meterolo- first time next month, will an- gy, upper-atmosphere physics, and nearly 5 meters in diameter and can nually review preliminary re- accommodate up to 163 persons, in- oceanography. Highlights include cluding space for at least 10 scientists suits—project-by-project--of the an extensive surface reconnaissance and technicians. Polar Star is shown entire previous years U.S. na- of Marie Byrd Lands Bakutis and here near Seattle, Washington, in late tional program in Antarctica. Hobbs coastal areas, a renewed 1975. effort to drill through the floating Ross Ice Shelf to study the sub-shelf The cargo arrived at McMurdo by and the factors that cause them to environment—including any life ship last season. swarm. (S-008) that may be discovered there—for Science projects planned for this the first time, and several basic 23rd consecutive year of U.S. activi- Ecological and behavioral adapta- studies of Antarcticas living and ty in Antarctica are summarized tions to antarctic environments. David mineral resources. below and on the following pages. F. Parmelee, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis. Our main study areas near In addition to direct support of Palmer Station are proving to be unu- these science projects, which uses sually well suited to year-round investi- most of the time and assets availa- gations of certain charadriiform birds ble to U.S. Antarctic Program logis- (skuas, gulls, terns, and sheathbills) by tics support units, nearly 350,000 Planned field research ecological and ethological methods. kilograms of construction cargo will projects, 1977-1978 These studies will continue throughout be airlifted from McMurdo to Siple 1977-1978 using banding, color-coding, Station this austral summer in pre- and radio telemetry (including radar) paration for the construction this techniques as well as visual and photo- graphic observations at Palmer Station, season and next of a replacement Antarctic Peninsula along other areas of the Antarctic Pen- for the present station, now com- insula, among the South Shetland Is- pletely buried under crushing snow. Biota of antarctic pack ice. Donald B. lands, and in southern South America. Siniff, University of Minnesota, Minnea- (S-012) polis. Because so few ships have pene- trated antarctic pack ice in the austral spring, little is known about the repro- Behavioral and ecological adapta- ductive biogy, the social structure, and tions of pygoscelid penguins. D. Mull- the breeding behavior of antarctic pelag- er-Schwarze, State University of New ic seals. Accordingly, we will return to York, Syracuse. We will travel to King George Island (62°OOS. 580 15W.) this NRCTIC the pack ice of Gerlache Strait in Octo- ber and November 1977 aboard the austral summer to continue studies of U.S. Antarctic Programs R/V Hero. sympatric Adlie, chinstrap, and gentoo Crabeater seals (Lobodon carcinopha- penguins. Breeding success and food gus) will be the major object of our and habitat utilization will be analyzed studies, although leopard seals (Hydrur- for the three species with emphasis on ga leptonyx) will also be observed. Rela- the relationship between utilization of tionships between these two species will these resources and the penguins chick- be examined, and radio telemetry will rearing abilities. Predation on the three be used so that weights, measures, and species of penguins will also be moni- Editor: Lloyd G. Blanchard behavioral observations may be made of tored. During the 1978 austral winter, the same individuals. We will also at- one member of our party will winter at Antarctic Journal of the United Polands new Arctowski Station (62° 10S. States, established in 1966, reports tempt to relocate animals tagged last year. The major emphasis will be to col- 58°28W.) to extend our observations on U.S. activities in Antarctica and year-round. Our research aims at un- related activities elsewhere, and on lect data on: (1) reproductive and social behavior, (2) activity patterns and move- derstanding the role of penguins in the trends in the U.S. Antarctic Pro- marine antarctic ecosystem. (S-020) gram. It is published quarterly ments, and (3) trophic interactions and (March, June, September, and De- such population characteristics as sex cember), with a fifth annual review and age structure, distribution patterns, Effect of ice facies on small-scale issue in October, by the Division of and density. (S-003) oceanographic phenomena. Robert J. Polar Programs, National Science Barsdate and Vera Alexander, Universi- Foundation, Washington, D.C. Biological investigations of antarctic ty of Alaska, Fairbanks. At Palmer Sta- tion and aboard R/V Hero this austral 20550. Telephone: 202/632-4076. krill (Euphausia superba). M. A. Mc- Whinnie, De Paul University. This aus- summer we will continue studies of the tral summer we will obtain population nearshore oceanographic environment Subscription rates are $7.50 per around Anvers Island.Emphasis will be five issues, domestic, and $9.50 per data on the dominant species of antarc- tic krill, Euphausia superba. While these on the ice/water interface because such five issues, foreign; single copies areas are believed to enhance biological vary in price. Address changes and euphausiids have been extensively stud- ied in the past, there are important dis- productivity at several levels. Also, ant- subscription matters should be sent arctic nearshore areas are highly pro- to the Superintendent of Docu- crepancies concerning their life span and growth rates. It is possible that ductive in relation to contiguous oceanic ments, U.S. Government Printing systems. Data will include primary pro- Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. changes in population structure (rate of advance and life span) could have fol- ductivity and plankton biomass, nutrient lowed the decrease in whale populations chemistry, carbon-dioxide system chem- The director of the National Sci- and/or that regional differences in pri- istry, salinity, temperature, oxygen, and ence Foundation has determined mary productivity and thermal regime light penetration. (S-022) that the publication of this periodi- could result in different longevity and cal is necessary in the transaction growth-rate characteristics. Growth rates Physiological and biochemical bases of the public business required by at different feeding levels will also be of freezing tolerance in antarctic ter- law of this agency. Use of funds for studied. Therefore, krill catches will be restrial arthropods. John G. Baust, printing this periodical has been taken from R/V Hero in the Bransfield University of Houston. Attempts to approved by the director of the Strait, among the Palmer and Bisco understand the nature of cellular re- Office of Management and Budget archipelagos, and in the Scotia Sea. We sponses to freezing have been ap- through 30 September 1979. also plan to investigate krill biometrics proached from several directions utiliz- ANTARCTIC JOURNAL ing various life forms. Of those animals able to naturally survive extreme tem- perature variations and thus to tolerate freezing, terrestrial arthropods offer excellent systems for analysis since in- sects represent the highest phylogenetic group able to exist for prolonged pe- riods in the frozen state.
Recommended publications
  • Concentrations, Particle-Size Distributions, and Dry Deposition fluxes of Aerosol Trace Elements Over the Antarctic Peninsula in Austral Summer

    Concentrations, Particle-Size Distributions, and Dry Deposition fluxes of Aerosol Trace Elements Over the Antarctic Peninsula in Austral Summer

    Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 2105–2124, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-2105-2021 © Author(s) 2021. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Concentrations, particle-size distributions, and dry deposition fluxes of aerosol trace elements over the Antarctic Peninsula in austral summer Songyun Fan1, Yuan Gao1, Robert M. Sherrell2, Shun Yu1, and Kaixuan Bu2 1Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA 2Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA Correspondence: Yuan Gao ([email protected]) Received: 1 July 2020 – Discussion started: 26 August 2020 Revised: 3 December 2020 – Accepted: 8 December 2020 – Published: 12 February 2021 Abstract. Size-segregated particulate air samples were col- sition processes may play a minor role in determining trace lected during the austral summer of 2016–2017 at Palmer element concentrations in surface seawater over the conti- Station on Anvers Island, western Antarctic Peninsula, to nental shelf of the western Antarctic Peninsula. characterize trace elements in aerosols. Trace elements in aerosol samples – including Al, P, Ca, Ti, V, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ce, and Pb – were determined by total digestion and a 1 Introduction sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (SF-ICP-MS). The crustal enrichment factors (EFcrust) and Aerosols affect the climate through direct and indirect ra- k-means clustering results of particle-size distributions show diative forcing (Kaufman et al., 2002). The extent of such that these elements are derived primarily from three sources: forcing depends on both physical and chemical properties (1) regional crustal emissions, including possible resuspen- of aerosols, including particle size and chemical composi- sion of soils containing biogenic P, (2) long-range transport, tion (Pilinis et al., 1995).
  • Office of Polar Programs

    Office of Polar Programs

    DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION DRAFT (15 January 2004) FINAL (30 August 2004) National Science Foundation 4201 Wilson Boulevard Arlington, Virginia 22230 DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION OF SURFACE TRAVERSE CAPABILITIES IN ANTARCTICA FINAL COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL EVALUATION TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................1-1 1.1 Purpose.......................................................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Comprehensive Environmental Evaluation (CEE) Process .......................................................1-1 1.3 Document Organization .............................................................................................................1-2 2.0 BACKGROUND OF SURFACE TRAVERSES IN ANTARCTICA..................................2-1 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................2-1 2.2 Re-supply Traverses...................................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Scientific Traverses and Surface-Based Surveys .......................................................................2-5 3.0 ALTERNATIVES ....................................................................................................................3-1
  • Revised Records of Atmospheric Trace Gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and Δ13c

    Revised Records of Atmospheric Trace Gases CO2, CH4, N2O, and Δ13c

    Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 11, 473–492, 2019 https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-11-473-2019 © Author(s) 2019. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Revised records of atmospheric trace gases 13 CO2, CH4, N2O, and δ C-CO2 over the last 2000 years from Law Dome, Antarctica Mauro Rubino1,2, David M. Etheridge2, David P. Thornton2, Russell Howden2, Colin E. Allison2, Roger J. Francey2, Ray L. Langenfelds2, L. Paul Steele2, Cathy M. Trudinger2, Darren A. Spencer2, Mark A. J. Curran3,4, Tas D. van Ommen3,4, and Andrew M. Smith5 1School of Geography, Geology and the Environment, Keele University, Keele, ST5 5BG, UK 2Climate Science Centre, CSIRO Oceans and Atmosphere, Aspendale, Victoria, 3195, Australia 3Australian Antarctic Division, Channel Highway, Kingston, Tasmania, 7050, Australia 4Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre, University of Tasmania, Private Bag 80, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia 5Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation (ANSTO), Locked Bag 2001, Kirrawee, NSW 2232, Australia Correspondence: Mauro Rubino ([email protected]) and David M. Etheridge ([email protected]) Received: 28 November 2018 – Discussion started: 14 December 2018 Revised: 12 March 2019 – Accepted: 24 March 2019 – Published: 11 April 2019 Abstract. Ice core records of the major atmospheric greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4,N2O) and their isotopo- logues covering recent centuries provide evidence of biogeochemical variations during the Late Holocene and pre-industrial periods and over the transition to the industrial period. These records come from a number of ice core and firn air sites and have been measured in several laboratories around the world and show com- mon features but also unresolved differences.
  • Surface Characterisation of the Dome Concordia Area (Antarctica) As a Potential Satellite Calibration Site, Using Spot 4/Vegetation Instrument

    Surface Characterisation of the Dome Concordia Area (Antarctica) As a Potential Satellite Calibration Site, Using Spot 4/Vegetation Instrument

    Remote Sensing of Environment 89 (2004) 83–94 www.elsevier.com/locate/rse Surface characterisation of the Dome Concordia area (Antarctica) as a potential satellite calibration site, using Spot 4/Vegetation instrument Delphine Sixa, Michel Filya,*,Se´verine Alvainb, Patrice Henryc, Jean-Pierre Benoista a Laboratoire de Glaciologie et Ge´ophysique de l’Environnemlent, CNRS/UJF, 54 rue Molie`re, BP 96, 38 402 Saint Martin d’He`res Cedex, France b Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement, CEA/CNRS, L’Orme des Merisiers, CE Saclay, Bat. 709, 91 191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France c Centre National d’Etudes Spatiales, Division Qualite´ et Traitement de l’Imagerie Spatiale, Capteurs Grands Champs, 18 Avenue Edouard Belin, 33 401 Toulouse Cedex 4, France Received 7 July 2003; received in revised form 10 October 2003; accepted 14 October 2003 Abstract A good calibration of satellite sensors is necessary to derive reliable quantitative measurements of the surface parameters or to compare data obtained from different sensors. In this study, the snow surface of the high plateau of the East Antarctic ice sheet, particularly the Dome C area (75jS, 123jE), is used first to test the quality of this site as a ground calibration target and then to determine the inter-annual drift in the sensitivity of the VEGETATION sensor, onboard the SPOT4 satellite. Dome C area has many good calibration site characteristics: The site is very flat and extremely homogeneous (only snow), there is little wind and a very small snow accumulation rate and therefore a small temporal variability, the elevation is 3200 m and the atmosphere is very clear most of the time.
  • Van Belgica Tot Princess Elisabeth Station. Belgisch Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Met Betrekking Tot Antarctica

    Van Belgica Tot Princess Elisabeth Station. Belgisch Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek Met Betrekking Tot Antarctica

    Van Belgica tot Princess Elisabeth station. Belgisch wetenschappelijk onderzoek met betrekking tot Antarctica Hugo Decleir In februari 2009 wist België de wereld te verbazen Terra Australis Nondum Cognita door de inhuldiging van het nieuwe onderzoeks­- sta tion Princess Elisabeth in Antarctica, dat opviel Lang voordat de mens een voet zette op Antarctica hebben (natuur)filosofen en geografen gespecu- door zijn gedurfd concept op het gebied van impact leerd over het bestaan en de rol van een continent op het milieu. Vijftig jaar daarvoor nam België met aan de onderkant van de wereld. Voor de volgelin- de oprichting van de toenmalige Koning Boudewijn gen van Pythagoras (6de eeuw vóór Christus) moest – omwille van de eis van symmetrie – de aarde een basis als twaalfde land deel aan een grootschalig bol zijn, waaruit logischerwijs een discussie volgde geofysisch onderzoeksprogramma, waardoor het een over het bestaan van de antipodes of tegenvoeters van de trekkers werd van het Antarctisch Verdrag. (´αντιχθονες). Een ander gevolg van de bolvorm In 1898 overwinterde Adrien de Gerlache aan boord van de aarde was een al maar meer schuine stand van de Belgica als eerste in het Antarctische pakijs. (κλιμα) van de zonnestralen (1) naarmate men En in de 16de eeuw waren het Vlaamse cartografen zich van de keerkring verwijderde richting geogra- fische pool (2). Niet alleen leverde dit fenomeen die een nieuw globaal wereldbeeld creëerden met een middel op om de ligging van een plaats op de onder meer een gedurfde voorstelling van het bolvormige aarde vast te leggen, maar het liet ook Zuidelijk continent. België heeft blijkbaar iets met toe aan Parmenides, één van de volgelingen van het meest zuidelijk werelddeel, waarbij wetenschap­ Pythagoras, de aarde op te delen in zogenaamde klimaatzones (κλιματα) (3).
  • Geological Investigations of Volcanic Rocks at Mount Discovery, Mount Morning, and Mason Spur, Mcmurdo Sound Unusual Magnesium

    Geological Investigations of Volcanic Rocks at Mount Discovery, Mount Morning, and Mason Spur, Mcmurdo Sound Unusual Magnesium

    Geological investigations mountain. A sample from one of these parasitic domes has been dated at 1.15 million years (Armstrong 1978). Younger basanite of volcanic rocks cinder cones and lava flows form two north-northeast trending at Mount Discovery, Mount Morning, ridges on the northeast side of Mount Morning, which are interpreted as being aligned along fracture zones parallel to the and Mason Spur, McMurdo Sound range front on the Royal Society Range located 30 kilometers to the northwest. Older trachytic rocks crop out at the lower end of both ridges. Detailed mapping of the trachyte outcrops on the A.C. WRIGHT, P.R. KYLE, J.A. MORE, and K. MEEKER western ridge confirms the similarity of this area to the trachyte outcrops on the eastern ridge, which has been mapped pre- Department of Geoscience, viously by Muncy (1979). Rocks intermediate in age between New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology the older trachytes and the young basanites, comprise tra- Socorro, New Mexico 87801 chybasalt to trachyandesite flows and domes on the lower end of the western ridge. Description of five geologic sections at Mason Spur has provided a more detailed understanding of the older trachytic Between November 1985 and January 1986, we examined volcanic complex, which is now dated at 11.5 to 12.8 million rocks of the McMurdo Volcanic Group in the southern McMur- years (unpublished argon-40/argon-39 age determinations by do Sound area and at Mount Discovery, Mount Morning, and D. Lux, University of Maine) and is divided into seven mapped Mason Spur. This work is a continuation of field work carried units.
  • Mcmurdo Preliminary Geotech Report

    Mcmurdo Preliminary Geotech Report

    May 2016 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica Submitted to: National Science Foundation C/- PAE (New Zealand) Ltd Private Bag 4747 Christchurch 8140 Report Number. 1535646_7407-002-R-Rev1 Distribution: REPORT Jeff Fenwick - PAE (New Zealand) Ltd David Winkler - Lockheed Martin GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT - MCMURDO STATION, ROSS ISLAND, ANTARCTICA RECORD OF ISSUE Company Client Contact Version Date Issued Method of Delivery PAE (New Zealand) Ltd Jeff Fenwick Rev 0 4 April 2016 Email David Winkler Lockheed Martin Rev 0 4 April 2016 Email Brandon Neahusan PAE (New Zealand) Ltd Jeff Fenwick Rev 1 9 May 2016 Email David Winkler Lockheed Martin Rev 1 9 May 2016 Email Brandon Neahusan May 2016 Report No. 1535646_7407-002-R-Rev1 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT - MCMURDO STATION, ROSS ISLAND, ANTARCTICA REPORT LIMITATIONS Your attention is drawn to the document, “Report Limitations”, as attached in APPENDIX A. The statements presented in that document are intended to advise you of what your realistic expectations of this report should be, and to present you with recommendations on how to minimise the risks to which this report relates which are associated with this project. The document is not intended to exclude or otherwise limit the obligations necessarily imposed by law on Golder Associates (NZ) Limited, but rather to ensure that all parties who may rely on this report are aware of the responsibilities each assumes in so doing. May 2016 Report No. 1535646_7407-002-R-Rev1 GEOTECHNICAL ASSESSMENT REPORT -
  • Where Is the Best Site on Earth? Domes A, B, C, and F, And

    Where Is the Best Site on Earth? Domes A, B, C, and F, And

    Where is the best site on Earth? Saunders et al. 2009, PASP, 121, 976-992 Where is the best site on Earth? Domes A, B, C and F, and Ridges A and B Will Saunders1;2, Jon S. Lawrence1;2;3, John W.V. Storey1, Michael C.B. Ashley1 1School of Physics, University of New South Wales 2Anglo-Australian Observatory 3Macquarie University, New South Wales [email protected] Seiji Kato, Patrick Minnis, David M. Winker NASA Langley Research Center Guiping Liu Space Sciences Lab, University of California Berkeley Craig Kulesa Department of Astronomy and Steward Observatory, University of Arizona Saunders et al. 2009, PASP, 121 976992 Received 2009 May 26; accepted 2009 July 13; published 2009 August 20 ABSTRACT The Antarctic plateau contains the best sites on earth for many forms of astronomy, but none of the existing bases was selected with astronomy as the primary motivation. In this paper, we try to systematically compare the merits of potential observatory sites. We include South Pole, Domes A, C and F, and also Ridge B (running NE from Dome A), and what we call `Ridge A' (running SW from Dome A). Our analysis combines satellite data, published results and atmospheric models, to compare the boundary layer, weather, aurorae, airglow, precipitable water vapour, thermal sky emission, surface temperature, and the free atmosphere, at each site. We ¯nd that all Antarctic sites are likely to be compromised for optical work by airglow and aurorae. Of the sites with existing bases, Dome A is easily the best overall; but we ¯nd that Ridge A o®ers an even better site.
  • Site Testing for Submillimetre Astronomy at Dome C, Antarctica

    Site Testing for Submillimetre Astronomy at Dome C, Antarctica

    A&A 535, A112 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201117345 & c ESO 2011 Astrophysics Site testing for submillimetre astronomy at Dome C, Antarctica P. Tremblin1, V. Minier1, N. Schneider1, G. Al. Durand1,M.C.B.Ashley2,J.S.Lawrence2, D. M. Luong-Van2, J. W. V. Storey2,G.An.Durand3,Y.Reinert3, C. Veyssiere3,C.Walter3,P.Ade4,P.G.Calisse4, Z. Challita5,6, E. Fossat6,L.Sabbatini5,7, A. Pellegrini8, P. Ricaud9, and J. Urban10 1 Laboratoire AIM Paris-Saclay (CEA/Irfu, Univ. Paris Diderot, CNRS/INSU), Centre d’études de Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France e-mail: [pascal.tremblin;vincent.minier]@cea.fr 2 University of New South Wales, 2052 Sydney, Australia 3 Service d’ingénierie des systèmes, CEA/Irfu, Centre d’études de Saclay, 91191 Gif-Sur-Yvette, France 4 School of Physics & Astronomy, Cardiff University, 5 The Parade, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, UK 5 Concordia Station, Dome C, Antarctica 6 Laboratoire Fizeau (Obs. Côte d’Azur, Univ. Nice Sophia Antipolis, CNRS/INSU), Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice, France 7 Departement of Physics, University of Roma Tre, Italy 8 Programma Nazionale Ricerche in Antartide, ENEA, Rome Italy 9 Laboratoire d’Aérologie, UMR 5560 CNRS, Université Paul-Sabatier, 31400 Toulouse, France 10 Chalmers University of Technology, Department of Earth and Space Sciences, 41296 Göteborg, Sweden Received 25 May 2011 / Accepted 17 October 2011 ABSTRACT Aims. Over the past few years a major effort has been put into the exploration of potential sites for the deployment of submillimetre astronomical facilities. Amongst the most important sites are Dome C and Dome A on the Antarctic Plateau, and the Chajnantor area in Chile.
  • Acp 2014 1007 Manuscript Mi

    Acp 2014 1007 Manuscript Mi

    1 Free amino acids in Antarctic aerosol: potential markers for the evolution and 2 fate of marine aerosol 3 4 Elena Barbaro a,b* , Roberta Zangrando b, Marco Vecchiato b,c , Rossano Piazza a,b , Warren R. L. 5 Cairns b, Gabriele Capodaglio a,b , Carlo Barbante b, Andrea Gambaro a,b 6 7 aDepartment of Environmental Sciences, Informatics and Statistics, University of Venice, Ca’ 8 Foscari, CalleLarga Santa Marta 2137, 30123, Venice, Italy 9 bInstitute for the Dynamics of Environmental Processes CNR, Dorsoduro 2137, 30123, Venice, 10 Italy. 11 c University of Siena, Department of Physical Sciences, Earth and Environment, Strada Laterina,8 12 53100 Siena, Italy 13 14 Corresponding author. Elena Barbaro, University of Venice, 30123 Venice, Italy 15 Phone: +39 041 2348545.Fax +39 041 2348549. E-mail: [email protected] 16 17 Keywords: amino acids, Antarctica, LC-MS/MS, marine aerosols. 18 19 20 21 1 22 Abstract 23 To investigate the impact of marine aerosols on global climate change it is important to study their 24 chemical composition and size distribution. Amino acids are a component of the organic nitrogen in 25 aerosols and particles containing amino acids have been found to be efficient ice nuclei. 26 The main aim of this study was to investigate the L- and D- free amino acid composition as possible 27 tracers of primary biological production in Antarctic aerosols from three different areas: two 28 continental bases, Mario Zucchelli Station (MZS) on the coast of the Ross Sea, Concordia Station at 29 Dome C on the Antarctic Plateau, and the Southern Ocean near the Antarctic continent.
  • The Antarctic Ice Sheet

    The Antarctic Ice Sheet

    The Antarctic Ice Sheet Global distribution of glaciers Significance of the Antarctic glaciers Topography, ice thickness and sub-ice maps Flow rates: ice-streams, ice divides Floating ice shelves Sub-glacial lakes Climate change and melting in Antarctica Significance of the Antarctic Glaciers Antarctica: 90% of world’s ice volume (~10 x greater than Greenland). If it all melts sea level will rise by 60 to 70 m. The ice sheet is much thicker than Greenland’s. It is considerably colder on Antarctica, with lower snow-fall rates. The Antarctic ice sheet is divided into eastern and western components. The eastern ice sheet is several times larger than the western one, and about twice as thick. Dome F Dome A Dome C 2000 1000 3000 Land surface above and below sea level, and areas of exposed rock (yellow) Topography of the sub-ice surface. With ice Antarctica is easily the most elevated continent. But even without ice there are large parts of it that are very high. Topography after melting and isostatic rebound Ice thickness (from British Antarctic Survey) Exaggerated topography and ice thickness (The thickest ice is over 4000 m) 4000 m+ There are many orders of magnitude of difference in the rate of flow of Antarctic ice, from less than 1.5 m/y along the ice divides, to over 1000 m/y in some of the ice- stream areas and on the ice shelves. http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/video/index.php?id=1015 I B F A H G E D C Some ice streams are situated over areas of soft sedimentary rock, the postulated connection being that the ice can slide faster if the underlying material will deform.
  • Tectonic History of Mid-Miocene to Present Southern Victoria Land Basin, Inferred from Seismic Stratigraphy in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica S

    Tectonic History of Mid-Miocene to Present Southern Victoria Land Basin, Inferred from Seismic Stratigraphy in Mcmurdo Sound, Antarctica S

    U.S. Geological Survey and The National Academies; USGS OF-2007-1047, Short Research Paper 049; doi:10.3133/of2007-1047.srp049 Tectonic history of mid-Miocene to present southern Victoria Land Basin, inferred from seismic stratigraphy in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica S. Henrys, 1 T. Wilson, 2 J. M. Whittaker, 3 C. Fielding, 4 J. Hall, 2 and T. Naish1 1GNS Science, I Fairway Drive, Avalon, Lower Hutt, PO Box 30-068, New Zealand 2School of Earth Sciences, 125 S. Oval Mall, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1522, USA 3School of Earth Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand and now at: School of Geosciences, University of Sydney, Australia 4 Department of Geosciences, 214 Bessey Hall, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, NE 68588-0340, USA Abstract New and existing seismic reflection data in southern McMurdo Sound have been used to investigate Neogene tectonic history of the Terror Rift adjacent to the Transantarctic Mountains and along the western margin of the West Antarctic Rift System. Seismic data image a young rifting episode that is largely unsampled by CRP and CIROS drill holes. Data reveal up to 3.5 km of post middle Miocene strata deposited in this part of the NNW- SSE trending Terror Rift basin. Mapped fault trends in the southern Terror Rift parallel the axis of the basin and are prominent in a 40 km wide zone north of Ross Island. Displacement on individual faults in this zone can exceed 100 m and faults collectively accommodate approximately 10-15 km of middle Miocene to recent extension.