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059874 l tJ000!3 z _!!J,.G_ "4 FM AME~B4SSV ANXARA TO SECSTATg WASH~C F~4SH 5524 INFO USM!SSION GENEVA FLASH RECD : .i.f AUG ·a :·slPM CONTROL: 3 6 1 8Q 8 i Q R S T ANKARA 6497 EXOI$· (HANnLt:: AS NODIS, FOR SECRETARY FROM AMBASSA"OR

G£N~VA FOR HARTMAN e.o. 1HH521 t;OS TAGSi PfnR, CY, GR, TU SLieJ i C't'Pf

REF I At.JKAF< A 64SH5

t. I MET WITH PRIMF. ~INISTe:R F..CEVIT AT IHS REQIIEST 0'1 AUGUST 14 AT APPROXIMATeLY 111~ A,M. LnCAL T!M!. THE PRIME MINISTER HAD PREPAREn SOME "TALKING PO!NTSn WHlCH HE SPOKE F~OM, ~OR~ FOR WU~O, HAVING FtRST HANnEn ME A COPY OF THf TYPED SCRIPT H~ WAS REAOI.N~ FROM~ THE POINTS HE M40E ~ERE AS FOLLnws:

«I GPEATLV APP~ECIATE THE FA!A, ~RANK ANO CONSTRUC• TIVE ROLE THAT OR. KISSINGER HAS PLAVED IN TWf CYPRUS ISSUE. MY GRf&T RES~ECT FOR HIM HAS a~EN CONFIRMED AN~ HIS ATTLTUDt HAS GREATLY AUGMENTED THE TURKISH PEOPLE'S F~T~NOSHIP FOR AMF.R!CA•

"! P&RTICULA~LY APPR!CtATEn HIA FRAN~ APPROACH IN THE STATEMENT tSSU~O av TH~ &TATE O~PARTMENT. A FEW HOUR~ /!.GOa

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,;-~1 ~Qp... ·-"1 t't# ~~.'tt_;··1 ...,;}. f s r .C~ \~?fi Departmmt o ·. tate iEl~®ntru'v~ 1 ' .~J .· ~ ._, ~ f i 1 Uli ST-tn:s ol . l _; ·-~·.. l: ______::A~E5-!~!tft!t!$=ii-'=------1· ; J! l PAGE 02 At-..~K ARA 06497 1.40037Z l : -=--s1 . '('"'.'..l •·• I' .:;:;;'·,_:J_!, , tsi tUO ASIO!O Ft':IREI~N Mt.NtSTEq GUNES TO T~Y TM . ~ . ~-~ • DISCOV~k TH~ INTENTinNS ~F THE GREEKS tN TnNlGMT'S SESStON ; 1. · IN GENEVA lNn, IF HE PER~~IVED THE SLimHTEST RAY OF HOPE 1 ·. t .• IN niE!R ATTITUDE:, I WANTE:f> HIM TO TRY TO E1..460RATE IT AND ~ ' t TO GXVE THEM ENCOURAGEMENT. BUT TO NO AVAIL. I !~ _j •TilEY HioVE &!r~N UTTEQL.1 llNCOHMfJti!CAIHF: l~£Y I n~ ~ ~AvE Rf:fRAIN;:v ERON GIV!~IG THE SLIGHTEsT siGN og THEIR I . ''· '~ H'CI..! r-a.. T I ON FOCf A COM?qoMI Se. THB.X_1iA..\LE__J~EP_I S I!..ENT TO ~ • -~~-~· !hE POINT OF INSt'tL.F.Nr.E.fl (AT THIS f'OtNT HE t.OOl'E 1'1 IN ISTE:R, 61':1TH MAVRnS ANO CLER lOE~ SA tD ·: :: l TH~RF. WAS IINr:'l NEE'D FOR SUCH AN eXPLAIIlATlO~" • IT WAS '. - I ONL. V ArTER C!-I..LAG!iAN' S I NT€RV~NT ION, ECEV IT SA 70, THA.T -;::' l MAVRnS At-JO CL.E:AIOE!i AGREF:D TO t.lSTEN. I-IAVI~G DONE SO, '.:')~t HOWEVf.P.t THEV MACIE IT CLEAR THAT NEITHF.R WOUt..D MAKE ANY ST&TEMENT WHATSO!V!R CONCERNING THESE VIEWS.) 1 ~ THE TALKING P~INTS THEN CUNT!NUEO· AS FOL.LCWS~ ~ IU! THINK THEIR TACTIC HAS AEEN AS FOLLOWSI ~,{~ EVEH ~tNCt: T~E CEASE•FtHE, THEY ~'{AVE 6EEN ~- 1 , TRVING TO RENOF.R t~e TURKIS~ MtL!TARY PRESENeE ON THE ~~U tSLMJO lNE.Frt:CTUAL. ~. . · lt,~.~~p.: nn;EY niSCOVER~O THAT, WlTH THE 9EGINNtNI"; OF 11 A WELCnME CHANGE OF iEGIME IN GR~~CE, THEY H40 -....~ ~~~ OBTAINED A GqfAT CHA~C~ !N THE DIPLOMATIC ARENA, AND THEY lt1 B MAVE bF~N EX~LOITXNG THIS CHANC£ TO THE EXTENT OF ',::'Jl R~J~CTING ANY COMPRU~lSE;~ .

· "I HAVF. THE IMPR~SSION THAT TH~Y HAV~ ALSO ~ l 8EEN T~Yl~~ TO RENnER FRIENDLY AMERICAN tNFLUENCE ;,!'~··j tNEF'FECTI.IA~. •• 6V USIN~ SUCH MeOIA AS THE UN 1 THE [::.€~ SOvlETSt THE 6RIT15H lNTf.RESTS ON THF. lSl.ANO, ElC,

f "TH~V HAVE FOUND THEMS~LVE~ SO SUCCESSFUL tN l' ~ 'i· NOT TO BE REPRODUCED WITHOUY!ft!tt\UTHORIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE SECRETARY ...... t.. • -- - • • 0 • • ..!.. -• ..... ~w~ 0 - ··-~ ··-·- .. --· .... - ...... _ -·-· ... ~ --.. --. -~--

PAGE 03 ANKARA ~~4g' 140~37Z .I SUCH T•CTICS THAT THEY 00 NOT SEEM TO SEE ANY RE~SON WHY THF.Y SHOULD COMP~OMISE fOR AN EQUITASLE SO!..UTlON~ . • »W~ HAVE COMP~ETE TRUST tN THE USA AND IN TH! PE~SONAL!TY OF DR. KISSINGER~ ~UT WE HAVE NO TRUST IN T~E GREEK APPRO~C~ ANn 4TTITUnE,

HTHEV nO NOT EVEN PRO~ISE ANYTHING TO WHICH WE CAN HDLU ON WITH SOME OPTIMISM~ ANO nR: KISSIN;ER 1 IN ALL Ml~ FRANKN~S$ ~- WHICH t SO MUCH APPRECIATE ·- CANNOT GUA~ANTEE TH~T, !F WE LET THFM HlVE ANOTHER 36 OR 48 HOURS, ANY ACCEPTAaLE SOLUTION WI~L EMERGE. THeY ARE JUST TRYING TO GAIN TIME WHICH T~EV EXPLOIT SO WELLe

~1 THINK THE LftST ~PPORTUN!TV FOR AMER!CAN !NFLU~MCE TO dE EFFECTIVE IS IN THE RfMATNIN~ HOUR OR SO oF T~E G~NEYA TALKS TONI~HT. lF TH~ GREEKS CAN BE MAOE TO ACCEPT GIVING A CONCRFTE GUARANTEE OF THEIR GOODWILL •• OF THEIR WILLINGNESS TO REACH. A FAIR COMPRnMISEt MANY THINGS Nt\ Y CHA.NGF.. • 81JT T~.tERE HAS NOT EMET.(GEO T~E SLIGHTEST HOPE TO THIS EFFECT UP TO THIS MnMENT• "A FINAL REMARK IN CnNNCCT!ON WITH THE STATE ~EPARJMENT STATE~E~Tt 'T4E PARTI~S ARE' NOT (REP~AT NOT) fNE~OTIATING ON~ OR MORF TU~KtSH AUTONO~OUS APE4St FOR THE CYPRIOT TURKS. TH~RE ARE JUST SOI..II..OOUIFS SV MR~ t;~Jt.JES J.Nn MR~ t'IENKTAA ON TtliS St!t!..,tECT • tt

2t WHEN THF PRIME MINISTER COMPL~TEO H!S PRE6~NTATI~N l SAID THAT I WOULD REPOM' HI~ COMMENTS -T ONCF TU SECRETAQY KISSINGER. I ALSO ASKEO HtM TO C:Ot-1 S t UF.H AGA lN TI-lE AR Gil MEN T S I AOV l..NCEO t N OIIR LA.ST ME.ET!NG (rtEfTf.Ll IN SUPPCIRT OF TURKEVt$i AC'lU!ESC!NG !N A 3b•Hn~R ~Et~SS •• 4R~UMENTS WHtCH WERE U~RELATED TO WHAT HAD OR WOULO TRANSPIRE IN THE RENEVA TALKS Tti!S EVE:.NlNG~ ~'ACuJ-:f:iE~

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE EXFC'"IITIV!; u.:,-,.",.,. • "'" • ; • • I ··.

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FBIS 18 ' '' ' ' BRITAIN REQUESTS SECURITY COUNCIL.MEET TO DISCUSS CYPRUS LONDON REUTER IN ENGLISH 0155 GMT ----14 AUG 74 X CTEXT) GENEVA, AUG 14, REUTER -- BRITISH FOREIGN SECRETARY JAMES CALLAGHAN SAID TODAY BRITAIN HAS ASKED FOR AN IMMEDIATE MEETING OF THE SECURITY COUNCIL OVER THE CYPRUS CRISIS. 14 AUG 0158Z HWM/GG ''' '''

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F3IS 23 AFP : . MAKARIOS BLAMES U. S. FOR RENEWED FIGHTING IN CYPRUS

8150~06 HO~G KONG AFP IN ENGLISH 2333 GMT 14 AUG 74 B -~ . CTEXT> LONDON , AUG 14 -- OUST ED CYPR lOT PRESIDENT MAKAR lOS TODAY CRITICIZED "INACTION" OF THE GREAT POWERS IN THE CYPRUS CONFLICT , ~SPECIALLY TH£ UNITED STATES. ·

H~ SAID A~~RICA WAS THE ONLY POWER THAT COULD HAVE PREVENTED THE TUHKISH INVASION .

" THE £VENTS . IN CYPRUS PROVE THAT SMALL COUNTRIES · CA~NOT REI.. Y ON TH1SE. PO~i'tS .!A! H ICH P~OFE.SS !~ BE . PEACE.- MAKERS AbD · GUARDIANS QE lNI.E.Rr~AIIONAL. PEACE, •• ArlCH3 I SHOP f·iA.KAR lOS SAID . "CYPRUS IS ~OW AT THE MERCY OF THE TURKISH TROOPS. THE INTENTION OF IS TO OCCUPY A GREAT PART OF CYPRUS TERRITORY , AND THE . ~ TURKEY ~ILL. SAY:· ' THIS IS THE SOLUTION- - PARTITION."" THE ARCHBISHOP MADE HlS STATEMENT AT AN IMPROMPTU PRESS CONFERENCE AFTER BEING ACCLAIMED BY AN UNBRIDLED CROWD OF A THOUSAND SHOUTING : "LIBERTY FOR CYPRUS ." THE CROWDWENT BY HIS HOTEL WHILE MARCHING AGAINST THE TURKISH EMBASSY . .· . POLICE HAD DIFFICULTY PROTECTING HIM FROM THE SURGE OF THE THRONG . SEVEHAL PEOPLE WERE INJURED AND TAKEN AWAY IN At13ULANCES.

C?A CROwD) ESTIMATED AT 5 , ~00 GATHERED OUTSIDE THE TURKISH E~3ASSY, AND BROKE SEVtRAL WINDOWS BY HURLING PROJECTILES. FOUR HUNDRED POLICE~EN CONTAINED THE GREEK CYPRIOTS WITH DIFFICULTY. THREE POLICEMEN WERE INJURED , AND 13 DEMONSTRATORS WERE ARREST ED . ARCHBISHOP MAKARIOS SAID HE DID NOT INTEND TO RETURN TO CYPRUS FOR THE TIME BEING . 15 AUG 0242Z HWM/BG

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041A u~ 8•14 . URGE · WITH CYPRUS BY R.M~ SORGE UNITED NATIONS

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• 1 NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035081

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL . ~National security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL . ~Report

CREATOR'S NAME Cyprus Task Force

DESCRIPTION re situation in Cyprus

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 2 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035064

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL GNational security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL GReport

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus Situation

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 4 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER . 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

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. ' ' ' . ' CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AG~NCY' · August 14,. 19 74 .. INTILLrGENCE MEMORANDUM

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·0 I ··· ... CYPRUS I I . :' Situation Rep~r~ Nu•~ar 1 · ' (As of 0700 EDT) ... .·Mil~tary Situ~tion

·.·. 1. The. Turkish at tacks . contin ucd th~ough the morn!!_l:! ·b. ours.·I] . l lE.~~~ .. !,~.. ~~w')_-_f.A-~~-JJ~S?~.;.p ... ~s:Y.s,.»..zh. ,.!t ;...m Po ·M1 ~e. a--· · ·... ·.on tbe northeastern outsk~rts ·of --and w•re·nbw ·on ·{the ro~d to ·Fama~us~a.· ~he !urks:h~d mounted~an •rmored .. ·.·assault on "Mia MLle~ •t ·dawri~ .~pp~rently.hopin~ ~o re.lie~.e._· the emba.tt.led Turkish ·Cypriot ~ontingen.t at :Clls.toa as ·a.n .· .· · :t"n:tt:ta.l·object·ive •. "Ther·e have be.en no furt;;h.er -~1r strikes·. . this ·mo_rning after ·the. ini.tial attack at "daw~··. .

. . ·2 •. · F~~t.i.n.g...:..h-~.~-JJ.ll. a,!_~~-e _!urkish~h~J,.d .. ·. t.@rritorx -rio;th.::-Q.f; :U.~U.-: '"Reports ~f' fighting.t:o··the· · · •north~·7_eat ·of Nicosia s~ggest ~h.e Turks· are movi.ng to secure . . the wastei·n.· end· Qf the Kyrenia Hounto.in 'Range·, .. Turkish warships off the not•the.r.n "coas~ ~re ·prov·id.ins .some _fire "support in thj.r:; area •. ·: ...... I •: n ' • • ...... ' . . . ' " . . ' ...... 3~ ·According to the JlS ·At~.£h.!L.1E--~:!S9§..;l~..:.~·t.Qe Turks are moving to. surround the- ·airfie·ld.··. this woul.d leave ffie of -r-einforcement. ·uij ·1-o:r:s;;ia a.;::ffie ':a.'"irRo"tf...""".ii,Dj.9.].c:iii'~a~s . j"... Nicosia .i~sel.f ·t'ema~ns. relati·vely untouched~ howeV"a-rr·w:ith (~ orily ~po~adic firing in the city. · .. .:-

·4~ · Elsewhere :on the :i;s iand • a .resum"'Dtio.n. of intcr­ :"·,l .'..-} ·_·c:ommuna·l ··f~gn·ting p.ppears ·like"lr •. ·_.·cre·~~ Cypriot.forea.~_.· .. · . ! _piA feview(s} co~p_leted) ...... ; ~,...... -... ::t ~~~ !!!~ld~t!!!!:d: 1 1 I I l

are moving to reassert contro1 of Turkish Cypriot ~ommunities hande• over to the UN in previous ceasefires •.

· 1 S. The nritisb, C3nadian and Pints~ UN con~ingents ·jhave talqan at: least· 14 cssu.a1t.ie.s ·in. th.e. fightin~ so far .. ~~d s~me aquipmeht haA been destroyed. Th• Canadians %eportedly lost .an armored personn•l oar~ie~ to turkish anti-tarik fire. · · ; . ·Situation on the Mainland

6 •. !'here has bee·n no in:f!'ornration on an.y s:t·g'nificant ... changes. in t~e disposition of Greek or Turkish forces on the m~inland •. ··According to the pr~si,·the thrDe Creek Pirae~o1S. "-t · ...... · t:roop ships. that .left on Sunday ar;rive.d . s alonika. last night •. s·alon:f.ka s.i rport: is also .rep crt id closed and .all fli&h~s suspen~od: '

Politiea~ De~alopments

1. Se1;1~or NATO o.ff:icinls. hc1d urgent talks th:.ta; morniLtg on the Grc~le withdrawal from m.il1tary participation in the alliance •. The:Gieek ~o~ernment official· who . announced Athens' decision would not comment on. its raini• ficationa ·for .us·. forc.es. stationed ·in Greece,··.... As.ked ·about : Xurkish ititentions f .F..gJ:'~.£&U.. ~it,r.,;&,.s~u TJ.l.r.au Auneo tol&t · . · · n.cwsmen ;, t Qd:.,a..X:.._t:ll,! S,..,.TUfltQY. .,w; P.J·l~Q • u~~.nJ.y ,i)2t n J.£ltUl.e .. ~;x:o. · He .EIHiin&uD"P tbat: ,tJ;t.e ..t::x.ist;-~'P~J.!a.t;ron· in Cyf;us ~-es not represent a cla&;ll · b e;~ee.J) tws; NA~O members. ·.·· .. · · . . . · · i • 44 .... #104- . .. .P' •• , . 8, T~e: G~eek Council of t·tinistera wii~ meet .iri .e~ergency·session·at noon/ E~rlier~ Prime M~n1ster ~aramanlis met·with his senior military advisors upon

being infor.me.d . 0 f. the. renevTGd Turkish. at tacks in . Cyt?rils A

· . 9. The: UN· Security Council· e~rly . this· morning .. . . . ·unonimo.usly adopted a Br.itish sponsqred. reso·lution ·.demandi·ng ~n. end to the renew~d.fighting and ~he resump~ion of the · '· ..

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+0~ ·Sli:CFt_BT ', ,·,: ,' ...__~ __. : . ... __ Approvea J-Of Ketease ~UUt>/U!::'/[1 : NLi--t,UUt:VVUKU-4-·1 th5-t> I ~T"J 't"\"1"'\:.:.::.·.. . 'l . ..· ·~ ..CfF 1 ., . .'

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Gen~va peace talks.· .The Counci~ had been cailed into ~mergency session by Bri~ain~ G~eece. and Cyprus~

10.· · The llrit:ish government announced that evacua­ ti~n Q~ tha 14,000 .dependent~ of Br~tisb ~roo~s sta­ tioned in the sove.reign base areas in Cyprus would begin •.. !. ·S:ovi. e t React :ion ..~

. ll ~ . In ·art 1 t em da.t e'lined London, TASS has report Eid in English the resum~tion of fighting iol16v1ng ~he breakdown of the Gen•va .talks. Th~ item cited reported. fresh Turkish advances • but d;ld. not .lltte..mpt t.o assess ,. ···-responsibility:or blame. · · "'·

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• NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035082

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~National security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL ~Clipping

DESCRIPTION re Mediterranean

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 1 page

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER ... 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• IZZ R~R 736 URGENT''''''CYPRUS-LEAD ALLIANCE

#ZZ R~m 737 CYPRUS--CITY''''' TEL AVIV, AUG.l4, REUTER --TURKIS.J:l_J)-l.A~S--BO""BE.0 .. £AMA(JUSTA CITY ON THE E.A.$J __ COAST OF--CYPRUS TODAY, ACCORDING .TO A BR5A-DCA-ST--ON. THE- GREEI< CYPRIOT RADIO ~01\!ITORED HERE. THE RADIO SAID THE ATTACK CAME AT 2 P.M. LOCAL TIME.

REUTER 0936

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. ( . .. . ! .·. :Z 141239Z .AUG ·74· ·". · ;3 -7 6 7 Q .-::,., 3 1 ··. . · .· .. .;;J ~~'"'"'t E~1S•"• .H..J[SS'~~ I LONO.- 0",.._ . . ~ug 14, .1974 70 SECSTATE \lASHDC fLASH 3029 13:26Z ••"""...s 6 ·£ C a £ f- LONDON. 10364 . ,.. . .

S0 11652i:XGDS-1 7 .:t GS : ? f 0 R, : C.Y P . . : SUi1J: CYP!lUS ·: ..

' : ~ ' •, 1. ON THE PLANE RIDE OVER,. CALLAGHAN AS!

· NOT ro se RE~Roouceo ·wnKd~J.r...J._ri·c;~·.,~UTHORtiAnON of= THE exccur1ve secRET ' . . .

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·. YHE ~HOOLE •. HE.\s rtORfli.EO A.SOUt' ATHt:N.S; GE~!UtNC:LY CONCER;lEO .:.3-0UT THE PEOPLE Or· CYPRUS; AND -OISTURBEO· THAT BRii.ISH AND OTHER c:J fO:iCESARE IN.OANGER-. OENKTASH HAS .MAOE A 61G lMPACT \•nTH ;.;;s TWO MOVtNG INTERVENTIONS. ·.THE EFf'.E.CT ON THE BRtTtSH HAS·NOT J~EN TO #NCREASE TH(IR (OVE FOR THS TURKS BUT THEY ARE ~UCH ·;.:ORE SYMPATHETIC AND 'EVEN-.HANOEO WITH THE :TWO CYPRIOT COMMUNITIES. • • . . . . t •. • . ' ·. .

!:-:~:· · KtlltCi( JUSl CALLED -TO SAY THAT THE{· ARE ~!EETH:G fifTH ~:J..\LDHElM AT 4· PM .T!-HS AFTERNOON.1 WALOHEIM t~AY BE TOYING W1TH ·tOEA "iHAY 'HE SHOULD GO TO ANl{ARA ANO :ATHENS. KILLfCK DOES NOT THINK ' !HAT ·n-us: IS .A GOOD IDEA AT :THIS f'JOHn.. . .

?o KILL·ICX RtPO~tS ·TRAt UN FORCEi SEEM TO HiVE .FOLLOWEO CRDERS ANO:GO.'NE BACK'TO THEIR BASES. APPARENTLY NtCO.SIA RPORT VS NOT A 'lURK{SH OB.JECTJVE. SRtT·tSH t N LONDON FOUND (!UT ONLY VESTERO~\Y THAT UK fORCE HAD 8E£~j ¥iiTHDRAWN fROM AIRPORT •. SElf EVES PREM CHAN :HAS PUT ANOTHER GROU? J N 1 TS PLACE. :ULLICK. ASSUME·S THAT PI.MEDfATf. OBJECT fVE !S LARGE CMHON FROt_. UVRPHOU TO fAVXGUSTA.AND H£ SHA~ES CALLAGHAN VIEW THAT THIS crtLL BE USED 10 TRY AND OBTAIN CONST1TUTIONAL CONCESSIONS WtTH ~GREATLY RED.UC~D PRIORITY !N TURKiSH PlANNING iTTACHEO TO GETTING OTHER ENLARGW. CAtHONS ·ALONG :sotHlt COASOOA.NO AI EASTERi'J T fP . ui?. ISLANtl~ : . . : ...... ; · S~ OAKLEY DEPARTED .(ONOO~ ON 8~ ~LT AT 1330 FOR DULLES~ HE. HAS DONE 'A SUPERB. JOB :ANO. DESERVES ALL OUR TH.ANKS.· ' :. • . "! 1.· . DEPARTMENT REPEAT. ',;\s DES IRE~.·:· . , . . . . ~ I SOHM . '· . . . . . BT · . ' • ~ I • .. ~ •~:0364 . .. . ., . ~ .: :, . ., .

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• NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035065

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~National security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL ~Telegram

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 2 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035066

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~National security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL ~Report

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus Situation

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 5 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER . 8 FOLDER TITLE . . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• . ·- . - ..... ,..----....;Approvea t-Or Kelease LUU4/U~/U/ : Nlt--L,UUI::.VVUKU-4-Hj-:J-.j I I . ,?0 ':

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·cENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY -August 14, 1974

. tU'IELLIGENCE HEHORA~iDUM ... CYPRUS

Situ.iation·Report Number 2 (As of 1230 EDT) ...

Gsneral.Military Situation

1. Turkish f~rces, on Cy~Yua Are cont~nu~ng their drive eaat~erd from-Nicosia toward Famagusta and have be~un their push t.o the. west toward . ··New air strikes have been rsporte4 at all three loca~ions. Tutkish forces have be~n observed au~ far south as ?ras~io on tha road to Fem·agusta. They have also linked up .with Turld.sh Cypt"i.ot elements in Ch.atos. There are· s.ls o in­ _dicac1ona that Anka-r:a may atcerr.pt a- landing on the Karpas Peninsula, in northeastern Cyprus. · ·

General Political Situation

2. · There has be•n a flurry of high-lev~l-~eetings in Athens. Ankara, London. and Nicos'ia but no major an­ nouncements have emer3ed from these sessions~

3, Turkish forces in Cyprus continu~d their d~ive eastward toward ramaguata today ~long both. the old end niw road~. ~urkiab armored force• have reached Ch6toa . end. cay be. r-roceeding t:OYard · Famagu·s:a. · Another Turkish ,-··"<;,_, armored fo~ce was re:portedby Turkiah Cypriot fighcera tct!.~·~'"' -;.' 1\ have passed chrough Mora and to have turned.north at. · · 1 Prastio ·toward Lefkoniko. :,_ V{Jj '0 / / ••: ::_~w.,..

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, ~ . ~ . i '· 4 •. ·In the dorthwes t • another 'J:urkia h eo lumn ia sd­ va~eing tow~rd Morphou and has been reported to have reached Yerolakkas. The drive to the w•~t was pre~ed~d by T~rk~sh t~et,cal airstrikes at Philia and Morphou. Philie was also raported to be under he.,.vy artillery and mortsr . att.ack. \ ~- ..· g~~\~------~- 5. Greek Cypriot forcea have reacted to the tut~is~ offensive by attacking Turkieh.communal enclaves in Greek dominated areas. Turl<.i=:,h villages 1n the Nicosia and··. . Larnaca districts are either under attack or in dang~r .. 4f being actack~d, United Nationa obsa~vera,report National. ,· Guard troops moving fr.om Larnaca towar.d ·Nicosia. Greek . Cypriot ele~ents have attacked Turki~h positlonu at Lim~ n~~o~ on the northwestern coast. A large National Guard concentration at Ty~bou airfield ~ast Qf Nlcosia io · attempting to interdict Ttirkish lina4 at Mora by artill~ry ;_ firG. Gr~ak radio.b~oadeasta on Cyprua repo~t throe TUrkish a:lroraft ohot d.own ·in· th:le morni~rs 1 e fishting.

6. In Famag~sta a11 UN observation posts around tha .... . harbor have been·withdrawn. '?oats outeida the old city ·• "' ·section continue t4 be m~nned. however. Purther·nortb · there are indications tl'~at Turkish forces may attempt a 1and:lng somewhere on the Karpas Peninsula. Thia vould be . the first land!ns in this ar•a and could open a ne~ approach route south to Famagusta. Fighting between G~eet and ~urkioh Cypriot forces in th• city baa continued and '. there are reports ~f Turkish air srrikea iri the Eamagust~ area. Military Situation on the Mainland

7. · Greek forces have ln~reased their ~•adin~ea. All leave(:J apparently· have been· cancelled •. Elements of the .Greek Third .J... rmy reportedly nre heading from the. Ss.lonika area toward the border with Turkey. On a Gre.ek des t:r.oyet' clepat:tec;l Sal&miu this morning for .an unknown location. ·

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Gre~k Aroy Reietion

o I 1

'l'he .Gree.lt~ apparently consider aen·dtng "troops to the island to bo a more remote possibility. · • : .

10~ the Gteek armed fo~cea.lea~era ~re convinced that Turkey not only has plana to seize as aucb territory as possible on Cyprus but also to manufacture a plausible reason for. attackin• Greek 1s1ando of :o•rt ! ::f ::: <' Turkey. I : _even a ! limited oteeK zeace on· to cyprus mi ~trk a Turkish attack on·the Greek islands, and b~1i~ves thac Gf~ece may b• fo~ced into an all-out defensiv~w~r with·t~e Turks. You~~er dreek officers reportedly r~acted to the breakdown of the Geneva talks by increasing pressure for war, They reportedly prefer· to "die .f:igh~ingn Turkey rather than suffer further military hu.miliation .. PQ11tical Commentary and Activities

11. In Ankara, Turtctah Prime. Hinister Ecav:f.t stated tbi~ morning.thet Turke7 doe~ not intertd to take the entire iolandr just the "fair ahare" that should g~ to. the Turkish Cypr~ots~ He said the pr~cise area involved is open to n~gotiation and that Turkey is prepared to work out the de~a!ls at ch~ confere~ce table. Turkey deC14red

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a·stete of eeige, presumably conditions for martial law, I in ita northern p~ovinee of Antalya today~ P~rllamant f will vote on the measure on Monday. I 12. In Geneva, Greek Foreign Minister Mavroa .&nd ! Cypriot Acting President Clerides left the peace talks I and returned to Athena. ·Turkish Foreign Minister Gunee 1 •ae·still in Geneva nine hours after the talks collapsed. i ! I 13. In London, ou~ted.Cypriot Pres!dent Makarios .. t ~ai( today that the majD% powers should int~rv~ne to j rcacue typrus. UN Secretary General Waldheim is e~­ I pected ~o arriVe in London today for talks .Vith B~itish I l Foreign Secretary. Callaghan~· Prime Minister Wilson ' iuterrupted his vacation to mee~ with Callaghan. I I I 1 14 •. In Athens, the Gre~k Ministry of Foreien Affa~rs I told the US· embassy. this morning that: the 't'urkish radio : } . in Cy~ruo snnoun~ed that Turkish forces Yould not re~pect · I the "right of ~sylum'' of the Greek Embassy in Nicosia.· ! the Gteek ~abine~ reet today and epproved ~he deciaion to leave NATO. The military command in S4lonika also endorsed th6 withdraval from. t~ATO. · · . · 15. In Ni~oefa. the Red Cross ~ttampted to set·up · ... I' t a "free zone" at the Hilton hotel but a major bomb hit · . : . l from Turkish aircraf~ has created· chaotic conditions· near. r I the hotel •. The Cypriot Council of Ministers convened. I

shortly after the fighting rene~~d on th~ fslan~ and . II. he3 been in. continuous session since then. The Council .,. issuGd two state~ents thio morning: one b~aming An~ara j -

for the ~oliapae ~f the Caneva talks and, the other 1 . calling· on the. Cypriot people to nresist the new Tt.~:z:k.ish u · . . · · . ·· · . ·.._agnresa1on.0 . . . . ' 16. Act.ing President Clerides said in Athens that he 1~tands to return to Cyprus but hi& depsrture may be deleyed. Re~ular flights have been suspended -~d eivil av1~t1on atithor1ties have d~cla;ed ~he .en~ire Aegean as dangerous for civil aviation.· ,. ·-4- .. .·

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Soviet Reaction

17. There has been no significant change 1n the I atatva·of Soviet ~11itary forces in the U~SR or Med­ iterranean following the ~enewal of hostilities on Cnrus. I I ~ i I 1 • . NATO· II ·18. At the·emergency session of NATO in Bruaaels this morning the Greek f~rmanent R~presentative l~mitod· < .himself to :f.nforming· the North-Atlantic Council of his .: government's decision to wtthdraw from the military part f.· of the organization. Oth~r NATO representatives expr~ssed the hope that the Greeks .would reconsider their decision. ·The Count'.il expressed ·concern over the rell umpt ion of · ' tiostilit1cs, and strongly supported the UN Security Coul:l<:-11 resolution calling for the establishment of·a cease-fire. ·

19. According to one wira ~ervice re~or~. a senior Greek officer hae stated that_ the Greek ac.tion would mean that the US will h:tve to withdrav all tacticel nuclear •. w~apone from Greece. Re added thai Greece would cloa~ down a NATO •tsaile range on Crete ~nd that the US~Sixth. Fleet would lose aome of ~te faeil1tie~ 1rt Greece •

. LATE ! 'i'EH

i. 20. _One preee account report~ that the Turks hav~ . t capt~red the Nicosia airport and are now ~ncizcling the :f-' c.ity. This has not ~een confirmed or denied by any othor '.f souree.including the UN continaenl at the airport. Th~ ·press· report .may haver been. in reference to .the Tymbou airport southeast· of Nicoeia rather than Nicosia inter­ national· airport.

21 •. Attempt-s by UN officials ·to arr·ange a cease-fire : in Nicosia have not made any significant proaresa. . 't .. j . li l i

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. . .) '

.. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035067

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~ational security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL <;Telegram

RECEIVER'S NAME White House

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 1 page

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER . 8 FOLDER TITLE Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• •.

IIZZ RNR gJQ \ S~JAP' '' '• • CYPRUS_- .. CS.£.s..E:£.t..E;: t-HCOSIA, f~UG 14 REUTER --A CEASEFIRE r,lEGOTIATED BY THE UNITED NATIO~S CA~ !~TO EFFECT IN THE CITY OF NICOSIA TONIGHT.

REUTER 1410 -----..

#ZZ RNR 811 URGE~T ••••• CYPRUS- AIRPORT TEL AVIV, AUG.lA, REUTER-- ISRAEL RADIO SAID TONIGHT IT MO~ITORED A CYPRUS RADIO REPORT FRO~ NICOSIA DSCLARING THAT THE ISLAND CAPITAL'S AIRPORT HAD BEEN CAPTURED BY ADVANCING TURKISH FORCES. THE ISRAELIS ALSO REPORTED THAT AFTER AN EXTENDED PERIOD OF SILENCE, CYPRUS RADIO BROADCAST IN GREEK A ONE·SE~TE~CE APPEAL TO GREEK CYPRIOTS TO SURRENDER TO THE TURKISH U~!TS. THIS MIGHT ~EA~ THAT THE STATION HAD BEE~ CAPTURSD BY THE TURKS, THE ISRAELI REPORT NOTED, ADDING THAT THE APPEAL wAS NOT REPEATED.

REUTER 141.3

.. '~

, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035068

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL GNational security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL . . . GTelegram

DESCRIPTION re Greece

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 1 page

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER . . 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• CYPRUS- CEASEFiqE 2 NICOSIA CRNR Bll ••• TONIGHT.)

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ WHERE FIRING SET FOR 6:15P.M.

FOR THE DURATIO~ OF THE TqUCE IN THE

REUTER 1435

~·· NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035069

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~ational security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL . <;Telegram

CREATOR'S NAME . Amembassy Ankara RECEIVER'S NAME Secstate WashDC

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus

CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

VOLUME . 1 page

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST . HJR

• 1"', '\}. • . :_~'- ~ .\ t.,. Departmeut of State

14 AUG 74, 15252 0 141525Z AUG 74 Zff6 FM SECSTATE WASHOC TO RUQMGU/AMEMBASSY ANKARA IMMEDIATE 7995 tNFO RUQMAT/AMEMBASSV ATHENS IM~EDiATE 7305 RUQMQG/AME~BASSY NfCOSIA IMMEOtATE 6298 RUOTC/AMEMBASSY LONDON IMMEDIATE 8586 RUfN?S/AMEMBASSY PARIS IMMEDIATE 6953 RUFHGV/USMISSlON GENEVA tMMEOIATE 4346 RUEHOT/USMtSSION USUN NEW YORK tMMEOtATE 6170 8T S E G R E T STATE 177625 NOO IS

£:.0 .. 11652: GOS TAGS: PFOR, CY SUBJECT: TURKISH AMBASSADOR'S CALL ON UNDER SECRETARY SISCO 1. AMBASSADOR ESENBEL CALLED ON UNDER SECRETARY SlSCO AT 0400 AUGUST ,, TO CQNVEV, UNDER tNSTRUCTJONS, FOLLOWlNG MESSAGE: .2. DURING ALL PHASES OF' THE CYPRUS PROBLEM GOT HAS GIVEN" lSCRUPULOUS ATTENTION TO COOPERATION WllH USG AND TO FOLLOW­ ING US SUGG(SilONS. Got•s CONSIDERATIONS HAVE SEEN MAIN• TENANCE OF PEACE IN THE REGIONr; TURKEY•s ALLIANCE OBLIGA• TIONS AND fACT .iHAT GREEK/TUfUOSH RELATIONS OEPErm ON EQUAL RIGHTS BETWEEN GREEKS AND TURXS ON CYPRUS.. HO'HEVER, GREECE REfUSED TO COOPERATE W!TH TURKEY TOWARD THIS END AND GOT WAS OBLtGED TO TAK!!: NECESSARY :.Cl!ON. GOTtS GRATEFUL TO USG FOR CONSTRUCTIVE SUGGESTIONS !T HAS FORWARDED AND HOPES THIS WILL BE PRECURSOR fOR MORE fRUITFUL RELATIONS IN FUTURE. t IT IS TO MUTUAL BENEFIT OF USG AND GOT THAT CYPRUS ..j QUESTION NOT BE tNTERNAlfONALlZEO. I, 3. REFERRING TO UNSC, ESENBEL SlATED HE HAD RECEIVED PRIOR iNSTRUCTIONS ASKf~G fOR USG SUPPORT tN NOT REPEAT NOT ALLOWING CYPRUS QUEST ION TO BE BROUGHT BEFORE UNSC. HO~EVER SINCE UNSC PRESENTLY MEETING ON THIS SUBJECT, ESENBEL STATED GOT REQUESTS USG TO NOT ALLOW ANY DECISION fN UNSC WHICH WOULD GO AGAINST TURKEY. tN SHORT, ESENSEL STATED, GOl WOULD EXPECT USG TO USE JTS VETO IN SUCH A CASE. ~"F~r..;.:,l !Wh J.... . NOr TO BE RfPRODUCED WI TH_OUT. T~l!=__~~lj_TH

4. UNDER SECRETARY SISCO COMMENTED TKAT IE HAVE TRIEO TO COOPERATE FULLY IN THIS VERY OlfFICULT SITUATION. USG/GOT INTENSIVE EXCHANGES HAVE RESULTED IN LARGE MEASURE OF UNDERSTANDING AND WE INTEND TO PROCEED tN SAME SPIRtT IN FUTURE. CONCERNiNG UNSC~ IT WAS CONVENED VERY RAPIDLY AND ENTIRE COUNCIL FAVORED PRO~PT MEETING AND ACTION. GOT Will SEE THAT OUR WHOLE BASIC APPROACH IN UNSC WILL BE MORE IN SORROW THAN IN ANGER. SISCO INFORMED ESENBEL THAT UNSC RESOLUTION HAD JUST BEEN ADOPTED UNANiMOUSLY AND HA!-W£0 TEXT TO HIM. HE EXPLAINED THAT OUR PRINCIPAL CON- CERN WAS THAT RESULT SHOULD NOT BE tN THE FORM OF ArH ACTION WHICH COULD BE EXPLOITED BY FORCES INIMICAl TO US. SPEAKiNG FRANKLY, IN CIRCUMSTANCES V!HERE OIPLOMATtC PRO- CESSES WERE NOT EXHAUSTED, WE FELT WE HAD NO ALTERNATIVE 1 ' I BUT TO SUPPORT RESOLUTION. SISCO REM1NDED ESENBEL THAT . ' ' 1 WE HAD TOLD GOT WE COULD NOT SUPPORT TURKEY IN UNSC IF GOT OPTED FOR MILtTARV SQLUilON. If WE HAD DONE OTHERWISE, ., WE WOULD HAVE BEEN ISOLATED. SISCO EMPHASIZED THAT JUST AS WE HAVE SHOWN UNDERSTANDING IN TERMS Of OUR MUTUAL r':~d .. ...i ! INTERESTS, WE WOULD E~PECT GOT TO UNOERSTANO USG'S SITUA· TIO~ IE ARE NOT GOING TO ACT UNDER PRESSURE FROM SOVIETS OR ALLOW GOT TO BE PUSHED AROUND BY LATTER. BUT GOT MUST UNDERSTANO'WHEN WE VOTE FOR SUCH RESOLUTIONS. ALSO IMPORTANT FOR GOT TO UNDERSTAND THAT USG HAS NOT TAKEN THE LEAD IN THIS MATTER. IT IS NOT fN Gor•s tNTER· EST fOR US TO LOSE lTS BONA FIDES fN ENTIRE EASTER~ MEDITERRANEAN REGtON. SISCO ASKED ESENBEL TO EXPLAtN US POSITION FULLY AND WITH UNOERSTANDlNG TO COT WHICHESSENBEL SAIO HE WOULD OOo 5. ESENSEL REFERRED TO GOT•s IMPRESSION THAT GREEKS AT GENEVA CONFERENCE: HAD NO INTENT iON OF SERiOUSLY CONStOER­ tNG TURKlSH PROPOSALS ANO THAi THEY 010 NOT WANT TO NEG 0 l I AT E. HE AS XE 0 WH AT US VI EW 0 F GR E E !~ P0 S I T I 0 N WA S • SfSCO STATED IT WAS OUR iMPRESSION THAT BOTH GOG AND GOT WOULD CONSIDER PROPOSITIONS. HOWEVER, GREEXS fELT THAT , THEY COULD NOT RESPOND 'iiJTHSN SHORT TIME f'RA·ME .. GOT WAS :~ INSISTiNG ON. ESENBEL REFERRED TO ,GQT,C.O.Mt1U~NI-OUE OF :: AUGUST 14 CONCERNING SECURING RIGHTS OF TU~KfSH CYPRIOTS ~~ ANO SAID THEY CANNOT LIVE LIKE SLAVES ON CYPRUS. SISC~ -­ REfERRED TO DEPARTMENT SPOKESMAN'S STATEMENT Of AUGUST·::J~0it()~' h • . '?- .. ~~ lJ· ., . . · • \t :".. Ha_ ;:; t·'/ ;l

NOT TO BE REPRODUCED WITHOUT THE AUTHORIZATION OF THE EXECUTIVE S:CRJ.

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WHICH TOOK FULL NOTE Of THE STATUS Of THE TURKISH CYPRIOT COMMUNITY. SISCO SAtO WE TOLD PM ECEVlT Wf: WOULD 00 OUR UT M0 S T l 0 G A t N AG R E £ME NT 11 f N PR I NC I ? L E ~ 0 N T HE T Uf'OU S H PROPOSAL FOR THE ESTABLISHMENT OF A NORTHERN ZONE WfTH OTHER AREAS TO BE SUBJECT Of' LATER NEGOTIATIONS,. wt:·WANTEO MORE TJME TO WORK TOWARD THIS ENOi BUT ECEVIT 010 NOT FINO IT POSSIBLE TO WAtT ANY LONGER. KISSINGER . ~ .:j :: \j '1 ST ·: . '1.1 ~ .. #7625 i ". \ u¥t - ~·1

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2. ~ REGREi THAT TURKEY ~AS ~DT:ABLE TO AGREE TriA FURTHER·· PERtOO Of TlME FOR THE 01SCUSSJOrJs· IN GENEVA.. f BELIEVE . JiHAT HAD THERE BEEN.THfS AOD!TiONAL TIMEF WE MIGHT HAVE lBEEN ABLE TO KELP TO MOVE THE NEGOTIATIONS tN THE OIRECT10N V0 U WERE. .. SEE K. I . NG . · . \ ... J. AS YOU KNOW, WE.HAVE PU~ltCLt STATED THAT WE ARE SYM• ?.HHETI C TO THE tlEEOS AND SECURfTV OF THE TURKISH COMMUNITY . ~N CYPRUS Auo·vou.wtLL RECALL: THAT I iHOUGHT YOUR''IOEA Of ONE OR MORE: AUTONOMOUS .ARE/,S. HAD MER fT. f AM. Or COURSE• PLEASED TO KNOW FROM YOUR PUBltC AS WELL AS YOUR PRIVATE STATEMENT'S THAT· YOU BELIEVE'THE UtnH:o ·STATES HAS BEEN HELP- fUL T 0 T UR K~ Y• . .

4,. I HAO. At: SO TOLD YOU IN AU_: CA NOOR TH.AT \'!E CO ULO NO'T. ACCEP~.~ AS JUSTIFiABLf ·THE CONTINUAT!dN OF MILITARY ACTtON ON I CYPRUS. IT CONTU~UES TO BE MY FiRM VIEW THA1' THE LONG-TERM RtSkS fN RESUMING T~E.MI.LJTARY OPERATIONS--AND l·HAVE lN MI~O

HERE THE PRETEXT THfS P~OVtDE~ FOR FURTH~R SOVIET • .. . .~\ :-: .. ' ~ . MEDDLfNS-~ARE. . . CONSIDERABLY. . . . OUT OF PROPORTION TO T~E GAIN~ • ' ··. ..; '.~ v ;i, ~5. THE UNfTED STATis IS PREPARED TO ENG~GE ITSELf OIRECTLY iS ·THE NEGOTlAT IONS ff lUf{KEY AND THE ·oTHER .. I·PARTIES SHOULD DESIR£ tl •. WE WOULD AL~O BE PREPARED .TO . . ~ ...... •l (

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1 •. ·· f WOllLD GREATLY WELCOME YOUR IDEAS AS TO HOW WE COULO PLA~Y A MORE OJRECT ROLE. t AM SURE YOU Wf.l·L u:.;O£RSTANO THAT IT WOULD SE DiffiCULT FOR ME TO ABSENT MYSELf FROM VASHtNGlON fOR ANY LENGTH ·OF. TIME AT T~fS PARTICULAR PER I 00. .

~~!J,. a.. I SHOULD SE. MOST GRATErUL I r YOU. WOULD SEND ME YOUR IDEAS AS SOON AS POSSIBLE AS 1 BELIEVE THAT WE MUST NOT --- .. ; ~ LET ANY T f ME . PASS BEFORE THE PATH Of' NEGOT I AI JON IS PUR• ·. , ,_ ~ · SUEO AGA.I N. Kl SSt NGER . : (.! ... - ..r ··-·. "j :.~l :.:,--- '·,.... - ... l DRAFTED. BY : EUR :11 ST ~.B I..ER j ; APPROVED BY: S ~· LSEAGLEBURGER • .. : . CLEARANCES : P :MR. SIS CO ; S/S :Jl'HOF'£' AT :r . .

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eXDll (H~NDLE AS NO~IS) .... E ~ o ., · 1 i 6 52. i . Gn S TAGS~ PFDR, ~YP, TU,··GR SUBJECTt . CYPRU~:· ~ESSAGE FOR PRIME M!~I~TeR . . LO~OON EYES O~LY fhR ~SSJSTANT SECRETARY HARTMAN P!.. f£ 1\ S E SEE PR: l ME . t-IT N! S i E r:; K t.fU. !~AN L ! S 1. H ME{) 1' AT Et. Y ANO GIVE . HIM THE FOLLOWfNG ORAL MESS~GE FROM HE~ ·,. . ' BEGIN .·iC:~1·. . .

· . I AM S E Nf) 1 ~t G .V n U T H ! ~ ~ E SS AG t: i. T 0 ~J CE~ T 0 T E t.. t VO lJ 'l' HAT WE ·)CONS I.. O. ER THe HF.·Sllr"~ l'.. TUHK ISH N !l! i ARY OPI::" A i. tONS AS. CQMPttTELV U~JUST!Fl~D~ ~~ HAVE OF COURSE MAO~ OUR OISAPPfiOVAL KNO"'"l ROTI'I PIJl:il!CLV ANO PR!VATF~t..Y •.I C/1.,.1 · AS$URE Y·OU. THAT \"E HfLt. EXl:RT ·nUR t:fFO?TS iO PIIT l'. STOF' TO Y~E RENEWEO FIGHTING •. YOU WILL OF COURSE HAVE NOTED OUR VUTf AND ST~TEMf~T:lN THE SECURITY COU~CI~ kAST Nl'Gtti ,· . . ., .

IT. IS . ·VITAL TH~T WE A~l WORK TOGeTHER TO Pr:TURN HiTS ~Uf.STlfiN t.S SOkl.N AS ~)OnS:r!3LE TM iH~ ~lf:GOTT~'iT~!G TA?L.f., t AM f'lll~LY AlA.'A~E OF TH\- SEVERE OlFFlCULTIES WH!CH THtS .WHOLE OU~ST I 0\1 CAOSES FOR GRE::f'.CE ANO 1 t-1 A"~T YOU TO

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...... ITHE UNITED STATES rs PREPAREn TO ENGAG~ ITSELF MORE Oii~ECTtY IN THi:: }tEGOi!I•TIONS IF' THt•i rs iHF.. nt:~lRI;: Of. T11 E: P AP. T ! E S 1.1-.:0 T ~1 E Y F ~ El I T ~·ir. UL D GF.: l" E L P F UL , ! ·s il r.t.P. ~ _ GfH:: t\ T!.. Y \1 Al. U r:' V0 U R I t)£ A S AS ....ID-.Ji a~._-·;; E•. -~ l Gii.T_.P.. £: ~ F 0 fUi T H ! S : l:ibRE DIRECT RO.LE~ · .., . · · -yr-rfA S :_0 c·cu id~ ~f). T 0 ~H: ·7· t{AT-- IT tU r. HT R E U ~ E r· UL rt -nfts - - '(It-:f.: -lF FORE!Gt.J ~>'IN!S1'FR MAVRO~ l-IO!JLD ~r: }·:!t.LI>-!(; TrT PAY ~ ' . VISI-r- TO loJASHl:tJGTO'-!., AS Tt-IE Fni~ElG~>~ i-n:r-:!STEP I~NOi

CONS.!OER. . , ·AT. iriE· t:M(l.. !f.ST r~aSSIHL.E r·10!·1i:Wi THIS nCC!SION. . . !'SH4LL·LDriK fOR~AOO TO-HAVING YOUR VIE~~ AS SOON AS IT I q · C0 NV f.: rl IE ~iT . T 0 : Y0 U~ . EN b T'E Xi' • . K! S S I NG;: R ';·.-.-.... "':.

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• • . '! --:..-~-~- -·· -- -- .. CENTRAL INTELLIGEHCE AGENCY August 14, 1.2..74

INTELLIGENCE MEMORANDUM .. ·-·.. .. , CYPRUS

Situation Report Number 3 ----~-~.. ~-~-~...... --- -· -- ·- (As of t7co EDT) -·------

(All times cited ere Nicosia time, unless other­ vise · s pee ifi e d • )

GENERAL SITUATION

l. Tu~k1sh forces moving·co~ard Facagusta have tm3de considerable progress today. The colu~n of !Turkish forces that linked up with Turkish·Cypriot ~leoGnts in Chatos _has now turned southeasi ~nd is mc2:1ng only token resistance enroute to Famaguata • • ·Advanced ele~ents of a second column are no~ within five t:1:!.les of the po1:'t; city. ·Heavy fi·ghting a;-o\!nd · Hicocia continued through the sfternoon,slthough there vere ~o~e indicat1on8 of a fragile cease-fire being ~rrar.ged at the end of the day. Fighting in the ~est hac been less intens& and ther~ a~e no signs that the Turks are in a strong position to seal off thG western end of the Kyrenian mountatn ~&n$e• .. ·. residential Library Review of STATE Equities is Requir

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F!GHTING ON CYPaUS 1

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3. •\nk.s.ra announced the. s~zure o£__ !.yulbuu. 4i.c- · · ....• . ,.... ~ t-·: etrip by ~.Turk,tsh -armored elements this aite.rnoo-n. ,;, t. It~ cejture eliminates a possible threat to the ~! Turkish drive to Famagusta. although possession· of thG airstrip does not appreci~bly enhsnca their posi- · tion logistically. Tymbou can not accomodate l•rge c~rso planes such as the c-130.

S~ Qeevy shelling of.Greek positions west of' 51eos~a continued throughout most.of the ~fterno~n. Fighting itl the a.irpot:t area spilled over into the ~ykko camp where UN £orces suffered some casualties. U!tbi~ th ut at time intense.

6. ~he US defense at~ache in Nicosia-reports that \thG British have ~arned the Tu~k& chat if turkish troops 1coaa vithin t~o miles of UK baees, th& !ritish vill :r~apond with "ground and air forc.es ~" · I ....

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CYPRUS

•••nat 0 f(t ,. S5Gl90~''"" 8-74

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HI!..I'!'ARY SITUATION ON THE HAINLANO

7. There havo been no significant changes ~n the Oreek or turkish military posturea.· Two iaolated reports have been received ~once~nina possible navel .e.:>vemanta. 1 however. A Landin:; e:hip :f.n th.e port of .... ~hGzaalon:f.ki aince July 22 dGparted this morning for an unspecified destination, accordins co the us defense 1 ·. attcche.

a one o n t e area involved ...... - .. · dispute. •. • POLITICAL DEVELOPH£NTS .· 8. Prime Minister Eeey:f.t told a neua conference 4~ Ankara tod~y that Turkey did not intend to annex the ialand or. upse~ the territorial integrity of Cyprus. aather, he said~ th~ objective was to secure the. free­ do~ of a~d end ~h~ir long years of oufferina. Rcevit t6ld newsmen that he expected the operation to &• very brief. The Prime Minister AVoided eny direct comment on the posaib~lity of a clash with British forces, but indic~ted concern ova~ the Soviet poeition. ·He said that his government vill ~ak• special eare to·protect the atmosphere of detente during the ~~er&tion ~nd.in efforts to ~ea~h e political solut~on the.t will' follow. ·--~--·--~-·- -- -·---~----

9~ The Turkish government reportedly hopes that · the Oyprus question can be kept out of the United Nations, which they believe would provide a forum for Soviet ·iuterfe~ence. Despite these ~eservat1ons 1 Ankara is preparing for the posibility' t:hat the UN wflll deal \ofith the. problem. I the -I..Y..I.Ks · .:::.:;~ .P.~.!!..P_~ r 1.1\..S. _t o .. :s.~ek ... sup port , f. rom '!'hi rd W9.rld nat ions in case. the Cyprus problem is forced iq~o t~e UN. S.enfor. foreign m.if,\istry offici.al..e were to be sent to the Arab countries, Africa,· Asi,, ind Latin' America to ..-

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-:-····:-;----·;s:plain rhe Turk:ish position.· They reportedly Will 2ake two points: (l).that Turkey ~ill Yithdra~ all ita troops following the ~reetion of a federal covernment; (2) that Turkey is not concerned about the continued presence of British baees on the island.

10; Sources in Geneva report that Turkish Foreign M!niater Gunes will remain there until August 16 and may later proceed to New York ~o lobby for the Turkish : position at the United Nations. ·

11. There is ge.ne-r·al unity. on the Turkish political .. acene in.supp.ort of .. the go.v.ernment•.s decision to reopen tli-e fighting on Cyprus.. !he leader of the primary oplH:i"~ition ·party.- in parliament. former prime minister ...---·- -· ...... , Demirel,issued a statement todsy pledging his full sup­ port, Prime Minister Eeevit has ~ummoned the Grand National.Assembly to an exttaordinary meeting next Monday to debate tha extension of martial law for an additional two months. Fourt•en provinces. encompas­ sing the major staging are•s in south~rn Turkey. were placed under martial law on July.20 1 and another provinc~ bes now been .-added. The US defetu;;e attache in Ankara · reports that attache travel is forbidden in any of the ·-· __ affected areas. ·

12.. In....Athen@, the Council of. Ministers approved Pri.me 't-linister Kara'i:iianris'·· fiand.li-ns of. t·he crisis -to d•te, and Karamanlis also ~a~ .recoived asaurances. of ~..p.o.J:-t-._£:r.o.m.._.several of h.is. prcdec_es~.ors. !n ·addition, -e-x-King Constantine sent K8.raman·l1s a mes·sage of support. . . Kert!.tu:mlis reportedly called for a "nat:Loncl council" t!U~eting of former prime ministers for this afte"rnoon to consider action. · !3. Tho Greek lo."aders have made no public state­ ments concerning the possibility of Gt'eek. militarv action •

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... 14 •. I I the Gre~k M-nJ.6t:e .. 0~ ruo.1.1c Order Gikas, said th-at Greece's wichdrawal from tne NATO military integrated • comoc.nd was· the first "indirect slap" at the NATO 'll~es in gene~al and the US in particular. Gikas aaid thst the Greek armed forces leaders are virtually convinced that eit:h~_r. the US. and S.o.viet Union hava c;onclud__ e~ ·-~f!e.~-~~t .~s-r-e·em~nt. r~.sardin; th~ Cl!Ste't'n :~, Mediterranean "a la Yalta," or that-ih~·us !s ii~in~ .. .. fo-·qs;>ea$e .turkey in order to ex~r,act_ mo:r;g important concessions fr~m Ankara later. The US Emba&sy in Athena reports ~hat Greek news media are also reporting that the US has encouraged the Turks and "betrayed" the Greeks.

!S. The Cyprus government is under the leadership of Xanthos ·clerides in the absence o£ President Glavkos C1crides who is s~ill in Athens. Xsnthos-- a brother of the President--lodged a protest with the UN c~rlier today which denounced the Turkish attacks es e "flagrant violation" of thc_UN reso1utlon calling for nn immediate cease-fire. He requested ~he See-· rotary-General's assistance tp ensure full complianc~ ~!th the resolution.· ·-- --·-- 16. UN Dffic~~ls in Nicosia later succeede4u1n t"..&_8._~.,!~1n.& .a ceaa.c.~.i'lre .. agf:_eement:. roi tho. city, but: there we;-c. ~e.P.9J'.~S of gun _fire continuins more. than oiie .. hou_r ~,(t,~; th.~. ~~~@~~.-JJ;::~,- ~-~--s ;c;:_ ~s.-~c ~~!f~-~i a.t 1815.' N'o time was set for the duration of che truce nor does it apply to areas outside the city. such as the ·Nicosia airport· which has b~en under Turkish attack. The ·airport ia still held by U~ forqes.

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... . . ~OV!ET POLITICAL REACTION

17. There Dtill has bean n.o of.f:tc.1...a.l..... r..&.a.&~9_n .~r <;.9Ji:.m.S;n..t_f7:..21!L 1'{~~ cp~' ..PJ:\. ;he . ren_e~e.d fi.s.h t.ing o.r on G.r e:e c e ~JL...J;til.J,. ~.~Y.. __ YJ..tJ;ul.J" aw.s.l_ t;; Q ~-. N,. TO • US..S.. .. JiSS.!Y . earri~di ""ithout ... ~.Q..:,'Il.ll)Ant, -a T-urkish statement on che "liir. . ·-·--······-· -~·- . •· '- ... -· ~-~:..$.1\.;~n:~ _t.hat" p.Jlt... t.he .b. lame.... on.. .. Gr~eee end argued t.hat . .. . • ·~.:a to the ~.a_ilure of the ·Geneva talk9 .• 'l'_urk_ey_Jias . force a t'ota.Re. u!l"'1'tn~'t;'ai ··ec·t.ron.-:---"The ·fllet th a.t TASS carried this·~u~kish jtiet!fication, coupled with Soviet A~bassador Malik's failure to conde~n-turkey by r.3me at the Security Council meet1n3 early this corning. suggeQts that despite Soviet apprehension 1 that Turkey s new m;il:itary action ~:!ll :-~:::~!~ 1:1 .: ": · .. ' ··~·.' : p~rtition. Moscow is still :f.nclin~~-9_~9--a'lZ~icL.Q.pen c;:.tl:U.,.c.ism ot-~\irm·; ... TAs·s· .. ,als.oreported ;he resolutio.n adopted today by the Security Council a3d quoted Malik's comment ttiat it sh6ws that the role of the Sec~rity Council should be enhanced. SOVIET MILITARY REACTION

18. Soviet nava 1 movemente in the ~tedi terr.snean I l'do not ·at)pe'ar:;'related--to' events 1n Cypru~. I

.Lwo m.1nesweepers remain in the vicinity southeast of Cyprus·, ~hrce destroyer escorts entered the Aegean Sea today f~oci .. the Black Sea and will probably reLieve tnose.eur­ .i rently deployed in the Mediterranean. I 5X

BC-CR'CECE-TURKEY 19. The EC Rlne today appealed to GrQek and Turkish leaders to avoid a con!lict ~nd to resume negotiations conce~nin& Cyp~us. While the toxt of tho demarches to

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r ! . .. .· the capitals was identical·, the French. At1bassador · in Athens, &ctinG on beh~lf of the EC Nine, orally a~presa~d sympathy for the Greek position, and oecepted the view that the rurks are at fault for the ccrrent c~isis. According to a French diplomat, tt1.e EC objective. in expres.sing sympathy for the Greek. ~osi~ton waa to prevent the Kara~anlis government . ~~om ·changing its basic Western orientation. EC ...... ·Oovern~ents are continuing consultatio~s on the pof.l~iblitiy of .making .further joint in.itiat1ves.. • -••

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·.

. _... --.... ---...... --· ANNEX

Greece, NATO, and the EC

...... ' The Greek withdrawal .from the mil~tary side o-t NATO resembles the French action :tn 1966. Atbefts-­ l.ig_.. P' a.ru~-w·ill ....cont:i n_u(Lt o pe.rt 1 cipate. in the'" --· ·Alli.ance '.!. P..91i_ t 1.<;-.al.. 4J;.t,:f,.y:!.~f:~Q.s, in_ eluding meet: in .sa ot_;h~---~QrtJL.At.lantie .Co.un.cil and its committees. --.---.---·· '* ...... __ ••• . Tbe Greeks mey have had the following reasons ·- ...... - ·-- for their-partial wi~hdrawal frotn NATO:

I --they. no doubt Q~~--:b~tter t:oward _the ~ll~!_nc;_e !.!1 .aeneral and t~-~.JH? :f:.n particular bee_ause --~! .. H~TO' s i'ai lure to deter Tur!::ey from improving its m~litary position on Cyprus or to =ake it more flexible at: the Oenova ~eace talks.. · -iThey may view their military withdrawal from ;NATO cs a development that will create pras- ;sure against the Turks. ·

--Non-par;t!-.~P..:~-,~;,9-Jl ..!n <;l!,,c .. military side of NATO · wi..ll mal~e available ~- numbe~ of high~·ran'k1iig · Greek.. officc.ra prese-ntly assigned to various .. -- ...... NATO il.i4.9:tttJ.ar'tera.. During the first round of . . the hostilities on Cyprus, Athens neerly with~­ drcw tbeae officers but then decidsd ohiy to place them on alert. ·

-,Athena may aee its mi~itary withdraval from :NATO as in some way freeing it to take military ;~etion against Turkey. The NATO treary pr~- · visions c.ommit1ng members to sett~e disputes by peaceful ~eans would still apply co Greece, however .• .. 1

'Approved For Release 2005/09/21 : NLF-CODEWORD-4-18-8-0 ... . . ~ Approvea t-or Kelease ;.:::uu::>tu~tL'I : NLt--I,..,UUt:VVUKU-4-'1 tl-tl-U • J: V£ Ol'SU%t!E) 1 I 1

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Although UATO members nre in a quand~ry ebout how to approach:the Greek withdrawel end che growing possibility of war between Greece end Turkey, they w!!l continUe to try to exert their influence on , the two parties in the Norrh Atlantic Council. 4nd in dem~rcheo in Athens and Ankara. Ankara will no eoubt be the main t:arget of NATO politicel pressure ln th~ foreseeable future. Even before the recent r~ne~al of the cr~sie, the sympathies of c'ny Alliance .. me~bere were beginning to shift toward Athens--both .... as & rcsu1t. of the new ci.vilian govern.oent and as a r~ault of Anka~a's untompromis~ng attitude at the • Geneva peace.talks.. ·

Row Greece is treated by the other members will !n part determine whether Athens' military withdr~~al f::o-;:1 NATO Yi 11 b c permanent. At· th.i.o 4Uv:rn!n~ '.a Col;nc.!! ... . •"'. ·.· meeting most members said they hoped the Greeks t.rould ., soon rGconsid~r thei~ dec!~ion. France. however~ did not join the others in express ins this hope. ·

Raving withdrat'fn from NATO, the Athans government ~ay bGgin to place more emphasis on its relntions with tha EC. Prance had already requested that the com­ munity discuss in September the associ~tion errangementa with Greece that ware suspended by the EC after the military coup in 1967~ Athena has no~ approached the community for meetings in.the first week of SepEembe1:' on re-launching the EC~Greek easociation. . The economic and financial measures which were ouepended in 1967 may require slow ·and co~plcx neg- otiations in order to be r~aumed. Athens. ho~ever, ~· {?robab ly is counting. more on t h c pol~t iea l s igni fican.c:e --·- -- • of re-launching ties with the comcunicy thsn on any i:cediate econom~c benefits. ·From the point of view of the EC Nine, the resumption of hoa~ilities by Turkey ~ay increase their willingness to appear responsive to. Greek r~quests.

1

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CREATOR'S NAME .. Richard T. Kennedy, Denis Clift RECEIVER'S NAME . Secretary DESCRIPTION re WSAG Meeting CREATION DATE 08/14/1974

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• 'FOP SEGRE':F - XGDS

CYPRUS WSAG MEETING

August 14, 1974 3:00 p.m.

FACTS

Turks have resumed hostilities; apparent immediate objectives of relieving the besieged Turkish Cypriotes in Famagusta and securing control of access routes to Nicosia and Nicosia air­ port. Air attacks were directed against the Nicosia area.

-- Turkish position is that Turks are acting as guarantor of Turk­ ish Cypriote rights under earlier agreements.

-- Turkey has been preparing for military offensive action for at least ten days; reports of repositioning forces and increased readiness indicate a degree of premeditation in the Turkish action. It would hav-e been impossible for Turkey to launch a coordinated military operation starting preparations only at the time the Geneva talks broke off.

Five-power peace talks in Geneva collapsed; Greek Foreign Minister Mavros called the effort a "complete failure. " Cypriot President Clerides stated "Turkish imperialism has ~~:f£:>,_ forced Greece to leave NATO, and this is not in the interests /oq-· <. ..~., -- :::d ::::::::::::·~ave suffered 9wounded and ilie loss J~~ jj a Canadian armored personnel carrier. . ~

Turkey has closed all access routes to Cyprus, except for two corridors to the British sovereign bases.

In an amplification of intentions, Greece stated that she would , withdraw her military forces from NATO, but would remain a member.

Britain currently has 10, 000 personnel of all services on Cyprus; additional UK units are alerted for deployment.

The Security Council of the UN, in emergency session, demanded an immediate cessation to the fighting and a return to the Geneva negotiations.

'FOP SEGR:gT-.- XGDS 'POP ~ECRET XGDS - z -

ASSUMPTIONS

-- Greek withdrawal of military forces from NATO is to permit unrestricted employment against Turkey over the Agean, in Thrace or on the Turkish mainland.

Turkey, having accepted the risks and inherent censur of the world community, will not cease military action based on United Nations or other diplomatic pressures until her immed­ iate military objectives on Cyprus have been attained.

-- Continued Turkish offensive action will force the new Caramanlis regime to counter with military action, although restrictions will be imposed by the Greek desire to maintain United Nations and world support, and by the relative lesser strength of the Greek military compared to Turkey.

Britain is prepared to intervene with military force, but does not have sufficient strength to impose an immediate cessation to hostilities.

--NATO, faced with a basic division and hostilities between member nations, will be unable to influence the course of events, except as pressures from individual states.

Turkey's immediate military goals are to:

Relieve the Turkish Cypriotes in Famagusta and other isolated areas which cannot stand alone over a long period.

Attain a· dani.nant military position on Cyprus, where the Greeks would have no choice but to accept double enosis at a subsequent peace conference.

Turkish action represents a gross miscalculation as to how far *she can pre'ss military action on Cyprus to attain her short­ range goals, without engaging in a full-scale war with Greece, and limited engagements with Britain.

Both Greece and Turkey consider national interests over Cyprus are far more vital than their collective interests in NATO and Western Europe .

...q'QP SECRET - XGDS .. .u -- ' . • t . "t • I • // .,_, ; I SECRET-NO FO'REIGN DISSEM """.;. <--- ; !· I ' • ,. I • I LEGEND ! . TURKEY ·,·GREECE

·1 1 First Ar~ "A" , ''B" "C" Coros.. I . . ' · {Approx 80,000 Personnel (Approx 56,000 Personnel . · · assigned to combat units) assigned to combat unlta:) ~ Armored D1v:1.sion 7 Infantry Divisions j· 2 fotechanized Divisions 1 Armored Divls~on · 8 Infantry Divisions .. . 1 Arn~red Brigade H~l.lenic Firs& Ar~· i ~ Infantry Brigade ·{Approx 11,500 Personne~ ·: assignf.!d to combat units) · 2 Second Armx_ ·1 Infaty.try Division · 1 . 2 Infaqtry Divi3lonHq· (Approx 50,000 Personnel 1 Armox'ed Division •.· 1 • assigned•to cqmbat units) 1 Armored· :Brigade 2 Infantry Divisions 1 Armored Brigade 2 Mechanized Brigades 1 Airborne Brigade CY.l'RtJS 1 Commando Brigade I 2 Gendarmerie Brigade C Oreek Army Forces: 950 l Infantry Brigade 2 Battalions Turkish Army Forces: · 650 . . 3 'l'h1rd Army 1 Battalion . 1, ' ~ • • United Nations Forces: 2,339 (Approx 55,000 Personnel British Sovereign Forces.: ' assigned to combat units) Army: 2,700 • -~.i : 3 Infantry Divisions Air Force: 5,300 I ~ 2 Armored Brigades Greek Cypriot National ·- ~ : 2 Mechani7;ed Brigades Guard: 9,530. · ! · 3 Infantry Brigades (30,000 Trained Reserves) 1 Gendarmerie Brigade Turkish Resistance Forces~ .. 7,000 ; 4,800 Full. Time· • 2 200 Part Time : {Plus 1o;ooo Reserves) Turkish Invasion Force: · t 8-9,000 Elements of: Second• Army . · .

• t '\ • . ' f ; ... ~.:.- .~- •. L

~·~ .t •.•t,f'l: ' I f ... ,._. t t: 'l•f'~ •

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COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

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• . NU--t\.-~ vvvvur-?.FI ,j-t)-U ·-$/ Approvea ror Kelease LUU4/U~/U~ · - l,· .•

SBCP.E'i'/EXDIS • Cyprus: outline of Wartime Idsucs and OJ2 t.ions

I. Tht~ Likely Hili tar:t Situation -- Based on our precrisis knowledge of plans and most recent information, Ol"!. July 21 or 22 Turks ~.,rould initiate combined airborne and seaborne landin.gs ·{from sea in east and ~crth) assisted by Turkish forces on · island designed to secure its northeastern third, probabl~: incb.tc1ing Nicosia Airpo1;t to the west of Nicosia .. • -- Whether or not Greek Cvoriots will initiate military action in support of l·1akar ios totally uneertain.

-- E~tension of \·Jar beyond Cyprus is likely: . Greeks \'1."0\ild attack across Evros Hive.r in Thra.ce, and Turl.:s vould respond with action against Greek Aegean islands. Neither side is likely t:o make major gains in Thrace, ,.;here .Greek geographic ad'lantage balances Turkish nu.titerical advantage, bttt T1..1rJ-::s \'-!Ould tnak.e gains in Ionian islands. Nonetheless, what we know of Greak plans suggests Greeks \'lOUld respond to Turkish interv.el'ltion on Cyprus by proclaiming enosis, lnobilizing t.he Nation~l n,,,.~~.-1 ,~.:J --- • "-h ...... ::---- r <.4<>.i.'-4.... lliU.V).. n.g acros S 1.-.-e (... vr o So . . · -- Turks are debating whether to initiate aj.r strikes against mainland Gre-=k l:'ases or lirni t air activity to interdiction of Gr-:ek activities re Cyprus from .Crete and mainland.

II. tuutoomes

Two basic outcomes ha~e been identified:

-- Double enosi.s is most l.ikcly: it is long-sta.nding ~urkish goal; once on Cyprus in force mainland Turks are unlikely to t'i'i tl:dra·... • a:1d perm.i. t .r:..ny other solution. · At r;ame tir:;e, formaJ. d·:mble enos is raises isr:;ue of S-&viet

.respo:1se in most ::-t:ci::ua acute form 1 since . it meaaa 'NATO-ization cf C}•prus on top of recent l·lideast losses.

-- Substantial return to 1960 constitutional arrangcrn~~ts ~s also a possibility: jt would defuse international resoonse to Turkish militarv intervention, -would pr.;sen.~e. Cypriot. independGnce, a11.d be more acceptable to Soviets. At same time, it .is potentially less stable solution ~1an ~oubla enosis, and more likely to bring.back Hal•arios as a hostage of the left.

residential Li~rary Review of State Equities is Require Approvea t-or Kelease LUU4/U~tu~: NLr-K-;:,_vvvvur·tFI .:5-~-u ... ~:. • !. t. ~/EXDIS -2-

Combinatio11s are conceivable, c.g.de facto double Emosis which .rnaintains formal independence, or formal double enosis •ith assurilltces or guarantees a~ainst changes in .Cyprus' militarz status.

rii. Options. ·.

A. Steps to be taken in~.cdiately. These are of two kinds: stens to assure us interests and steps t6 prevent extension of the conflict if possible.

1. Steps to protect US inte~ests:

implement plans to evacuate Americans and protect essentj,al ll.merican fuciJ:ities: Preliminary steps to permit evactJ.ation of A...'11ericans are being taken. Evacuation of 1\rnericans i11 Greece and Turkey vlill require very ruuch more .substantial resources than. evacuation of Americans from Cyprus alone. The issues are~

--- Umv? across beaches, by air, through British s:an. Is r ,by ~ift? ' ---. \·1hen.? ---How manv? tourists, offi6ials, private residents? ~ --- rn -conjunctiorl. wii:.h cleEJluysnents to protect facilities or. not?

-- prepare ~s forces for other military contingencies, Specifics 'I:Ti.ll depend ,on i·lhich · contingencies anc! in part · on scope of evacuation/protection action envisaged, since extensive evacuation (e.g. of over /.0,000 An1cits from Greece).... \·;ill compete for rc=sources. The issues ·are:

--- which forces? f~~om \·;here to '>Jhere? which chang .. o.:."'· . /V v~ -~political-diplomatic steps:

--- propose an imrnediate cease-fire in the . r-:/ UN Security Council. He should 'do so even if \Ve wish / .the Turks to move for¥rard on Cyprus, sinc0 the ceasc-~ireL is un1ikely to ~e effective in time to stop them. --- seek international action against interference by outside parties, as a constraint on soviet acition.

--- if ,.,.e are in touch t;.Ji th the Soviets privat.ely, asstu:e them that any force movements of ours are not directed aga~nst them or any other out~; nP n;,ri-u · -· · Approved For Release 2004/09/09: NLF-K-S_~WOF-8~13-8-0 ..._ Approvea t-or Kelease LUU4/U~/U~: 1\ILr-t\-;:,_vvvvur-tFI-5-tj-U . •, . .. 2. Steps to Prevent Spread of the Con.flict: encourage tho Turks to milko protection of the TUrkish co~rr.mni ty. the stated aim of their intervention and to refrain from stt:i.kcs agai11st the Greek mainlandr -- if Turks agree to above, inform Greeks and encourage them to refrain from military action in - CX'hrace.

- ..,._ since both sides are unable to supp01:t extended conflict for lon~ without resupply, inform both (and possibly state publicly} that ,,-e will cut. off military supplies eithsr to the party \d1ich initiated hostilities ·outside the immediate area cif Cyprus (~·Ihich would favor the ~urlts) or to both parties, in .case 011e initiated ... ' hostilities outsi¢ie. the Cyprus area (\"'·hd:th would favor .the.Greeks). B. Steps to be taken if hostilities continue. (The asswnption must b~ that they \-;ill spread to Thrace ·and the islands.)

1. Hilitary 1noves to support political goal of cessatio~ of hostilities: · ! cut off military aid to both parties. Tl1is is essentially a political gestlt.re: it is the easiest to take, ~nd the ~east likely to have an impact on the hostilities. If \ore wished to signal a tilt, we .. ·I would cut off aid.to one party only. In this context, \dthdrawal of .H~..A.G missions miaht also be considered; hoWe"'le.r 1 it could e.ndan9er access to essential. non-related facilities \vi thout affectinq hostilities. t-Ji thdra\'1al of l·lAAG chiefs oniy might be a harmless gesture.

introduction of US forces into the British SilAs on C:£prv.s, or, less advisably, to protect essential US facilities (like the Embassy) if evacuation forcea ,,•ere not so used. Ho:nmally, these wot~ld have to be additional to evacuation forces now being deployed, s~nce the latt~r \vill be fully occupied. ';('his move, too, would be essentially a gesture, since these forces would be too small to have an i1~ipaot in hostilitiQ.S.,

-·- imposi ticn of a naval blockade around Cyprus. Neithnr side has ~uch amphibious capability, and the purpose would be to prevent further sea reinfo~cement. We would either threaten to make this move unleos the parties da.!:listed ·or actuallv J':\akc: it. To make it would require deployment of subst~ntial additional reoources,

a third carrier at 3 mi11.ilnum 1 probably reinfo1:cement

from CINCLAt~T. To nti nJ.m~z_e• · t h e l ~J:elihood . of firing at

·. Approved For Release 2004/09/09: NLF-K-S_WWOF-8-13-8-0 ~~ ...... -AIIhlll______, ....._;'..!--,...,...- ~~~~ . Approvea r-or Kelease LUU41U~tu~: 1\ILr-t\-;::,_vvvvur-tFI ..:Hj-U · ..SBCR§'t!EXD IS -4- ... NATO Allies, we should considm~ seelcing a NA'l'O mandate for this move. Finally, this move might ~;all provoke Soviet counter-reinforcement (the SovLets ·arc presently ·at 16w posture in the Eas€ern Med), and the Soviets, in the .Black Sea, are closer than Y./C are in force. ·· -- usn of OS forces on Cyprus to impose a ceasefire. This mbvc is ccnsidcred.both almost infeasible and emph:J.tica~ly undesirable. We lack the resources .to move fast in the numbers required (the UK estimates that 20,000 rnen would be needed to keep the peace on .. Cyprus); to move slowly, as we would have to, would • likely be ·too late; the terrain, the forces on the ground, ar~d the political situation are likely to ~e. so confused that this move would be ineffective.

2. Pol~tical-diplomatic moves!

-- act"ivate NAT:J. Cessation cf a Grebk-Turkish ~ . '•Tar is a natural task for NATO; efforts by SACEUR, l· who should enjoy the confidence of the military on both sides, suggest themselves; injGction of the NATO (and European) presence might mitigate the l weake.ning of HATO' s Southeastern flank v:hich v:ill result from the war. On the other hand, the Soviets will lj; lJ~ ~l;;!.nsi·cive to a NA'i'U role if it leads to1.·1ard L dencut~alization of Cyprus.

. -- actLvate t;.he UN.. The UN also has an interest in helping bring about cessation of intcrnat.i.or~-3.1 lr; conflict, and the· Soviets 'I·:Ould assured of some voice in the procGss. However, the Soviet·v~ice cuts both .l· .I ways 1 since a t.;ar t·till have made double enos is more and a neutral Cyprus less lH~el:-l, and u UN role \>!ould .:- presumably reinforce ~1akarios' claims. ..:

' . -- discourage third-party. resupply. The pr·oblem of third-party resupply arises in case of: protracted conflict ~he~e the US has cut off military supplies to one or both parties, and one or both are tempted to seek arms else!,.,·here.. Since both par. ties nm·; have US arms, airlift and POL arc tho most likely candidates, and tl1e sc·v-iets the r..ost 1 ikely potentL:1l suppl.iers.

C. Steps to b~ taken after a ceasefire: -- expand the role of UNPICYP. All forms of this step \-:-oulcl invol>t:e a role for the UN and the S".i'G, .<

,..,...... ,., _...,.._N* ~

, Approvea t-or Kelease LUU4/U~/U~: 1\ILr-K-;:,_vvvvur-tl-·1 .5-tl-u -s- .. give t·tATO a role in enforcing di.s~ngagement in Th.race •

. IV. The Problel1 of the S'oviet Resp_9~

-- It is alr:;~st impossible to predict Hhat the soviet respo~se will be in a given situation. However, three probabilities sta~d out:

l. Once the Turk's have intervened militarily on Cypru3, ths Soviets are likely to be less supportive of 7~rkey. Ti1ey h.ave supported Turkish efforts to reestablish the 1960 a~rangements: they are unlikely to suFport double enosis. 2. The longer the war lastsr the more likely we are. to .have difficulty with the Soviets: as a force in the tm, ·as a re.supplier, as a r-1edi terrane an naval pmo~er. . 3. Formal pa.rti tion of the is land between Greece and Turk(;:y is the outcome most likely to stick in the So-.;iet era~·: r since it Houle NATO- ize t:hC:! island, nnd this ~olitical and milita~y loss would probably not be out~·:ciqhed by the v:ar-weak<::ning of N1\TO 1 s Cv·..

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. . ..' . L ·-· i. . . . • ! .• .·.. . ! . CENTRAL Il~TELLIGEN'CE AGEN:CY • · ~usust 14. 1974 I . •. . . . ·. .· .. INTELLIGENCE }%El-~O~~DtT~t . . . CYPRUS

S~tuation Report Numba~ 1 (As o·f 0 iOO · E.DT) ... -.. • I ] 'Mil~tary Situation

The Turkish attacks continued throu h

orcea 1a~ oro~en ·t rous .on ~he northeastern outskirts of Nicos~a--and were now o~ ·. 1:he rond co Fcu:rsgust:a. '!'he Turks .had 1:1ountcd an armored III · > a.ssault on 'Uia Hi.le·a at dawn, ap?•l.'rently hoping to 't'el.i.eva ~-< ~.· ~ · t:he emha:t:l.ed Turkish Cypriot contin.sent at Cltatoe as an ~ 0 . j.uitial object::!.ve •. The'!'e ha.ve. been no furt;,h.er a~r str:!kes ~ s;· . ~his co:rni.ng a:f-:cr t:ho. :f.niti.al attack at dawn. . m . ~ .~~ 2. F:t.ght:ins has res u:ued all around the l'urkish-hGld. •$! 1\"' t9 te:rri tory no-::r;!l of !a cosia. Rap orts of fighting. to the ...0 Z:. { ·northt·1est: of .N.:!.cosia sussest t::.e Turks are movins to secure ~ · t;:;-g the ~ootern end of the Kyren!a Moun~4in.Range. Turkish • ~ .~arships oft the northern coast ~re provi~ing some f1:re ~ g ~ support in 'C~~~ ar~~· - o; ~ ~~ . 3. Accorcin; :o the US ~t~ache in Nicosia. the Turks ~ o-g, aie aoy!ng to sur~ound thm 4.:!.:!~cl~. Th1Q ~ould 2eave th~ ~& 'UN forcep ~t. the ~1.rport t:ithouc ~eans of l"einforcament. ':t: Nicosia its~lf reaains ~elatively untouched. hovo~cr. with t~ only sporadic firins 1n the city. ...--. -Ofru- i"' 4. Elsewh~rc on tho island. a i~su~ption.of inter­ -N -I ··com~unal fighting appears likely. Greek Cypriot: forces ~ Ul s: 01..11 ·tl.-· !!.. Approvea t-Or Kelease ZUU::>/U~/[1 : NLt--I..,UUI::VVUKU-4-H:FI.C:::-::> t> _. ..; ...' f ~ • I 51 ·. ~5X1) i . L------:_*_u__ t_._~_£_u __ 1_tE_._*_._' ______' ____ ~~~~ . I •. ~I J ..

I a~e mov~ns co ·:easserc control of Turk~sh Cyp~iot commun~tios handed over to the UN in previ~us eeasefires.

5. The nritish, Canad~an ~nd Fini~b UN contingents ·have taken at~least 14 casualties in the fightin~ so far and some equipment hnR·been destrored •. The _Canadians r~portedly lost an armored p~rso~nel ca~ri~~ to Turkish anti-tank.~ire. ~ ·Situation on the '!·!ain, and

6. There has been no. inforMation on any stgnific~nt che.nges in the diapos.ition ·of Greek .o-r Turkish forces. ou ·the mainland. According to the.press, the throe Greek =-· .•·. troop ships that left Piraeus on Sun~ay arr1ved.3t Salonika last night •. Sal~nik~ airport is also reported closed and all fligh~~ suspended. •

... ,Po1i~ics1 Dev*lopmen~s

· . 7. 'Senior ·NATO c>f·:ficiols hold u~gent tal.ks this mornin& on the Creek withdrawal from mi~itary participation in the alltsn~e~ . The Gre~k govern~ent o~f~cisl who announced Athens • decision tiould 1101: comment on its ~ami­ fications for US forces stationed in Greece. Asked about Turkish inten~ion~, Foreign Minister Turan Gunes told uews•en today that Turkey would "ce:ta~nly not" l~ave NATO. He maintai.nc:d thac the e::c:~s tirq; situation in Cyprus docs not represen~ a clash betwee11. .two. NATO me1:1bers......

8. The Greek Council of Ministers will meet in . . emergency sessio~ at noon. Earlier, Frime M1nis~er ~~ramanlis =~t with his senior Dilitary advi~or~ upon being i?for~ad of the renewed Turki;h at~acks in· Cy~rtis •

. , 9. The UN Securi~y Council early this morning · unenitrousl~t adqpte_d .a Brit:1Rh a;p~nsorecl resolu.tion demandi·ns an end to the rer.ewed fijlh t:!.ng. and the res umpt:!.o.n of ~.h?~~·,:~;~ .·

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Geneva peace talks. The·Counc!L hsd been called 1nto ~mergency session by Bri~ain. Greece. and Cyprus. .. 10; · The nr:l t ish government announced that: eva~ua- · tion of the 14,000 dependents of British troops stn~ tioned ~n.the sovereign ba$e.areas in Cyprus would begin.~

S:ovi e t React i an

. ··11. In an item datelined London, TASS. has reported in English the re~ ur.1pt:ion of f·ishting follo~ing the breakdown of the G~neva talk~. The item cited reported ·fresh Turkish advances. but did not 4tte~pt to assess · 'ielo'pons ib 111 ty or· blame. .. .• ~. ·~ ; ·.12. •. '·1 I three ... s~v1·ee patrol veLs_s_e_l_G_o_f__ a_n_u_n_s_p""'e ..... c"""!·i=-f=--.':"'.-e"""!d~t-y-?-. _e_p_.s_s""""s ed t h ro u sh the Boa ~o~us into the Med

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For Release 2005/09/21 : NLF-CODEWORD-4-18-12-5. NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035079

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~National security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL . ~Report

DESCRIPTION re Cyprus Situation

CREATION DATE 08/13/1974

VOLUME . 4 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

• NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION Presidential Libraries Withdrawal Sheet

WITHDRAWAL ID 035080

REASON FOR WITHDRAWAL ~ational security restriction

TYPE OF MATERIAL . <;Memorandum

DESCRIPTION re Turkey, Cyprus, Greece

CREATION DATE 08/1974

VOLUME . 11 pages

COLLECTION/SERIES/FOLDER ID 033200203 COLLECTION TITLE . . . . NATIONAL SECURITY ADVISER. KISSINGER-SCOWCROFT WEST WING OFFICE FILES BOX NUMBER 8 FOLDER TITLE . Cyprus Crisis (37)

DATE WITHDRAWN . 09/01/2011 WITHDRAWING ARCHIVIST HJR

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