Humanitarian Bulletin

Chad Issue 03 | May – June 2016

In this issue

The World Humanitarian Summit P.1

Durable solutions for region P.2 HIGHLIGHTS Preparedness to the rainy season P.5  is part of the dynamics of the World Humanitarian Humanitarian mini-Summit, Baga-Sola P.7 Summit. UN / A. Borra

 In Lac region sustainable

solutions are needed to World Humanitarian Summit: challenges for minimize the impact of the crisis on livelihoods, Chad especially for 130,000 people A historical event, strong commitments in situation of food insecurity (“crisis phase”). On 23 and 24 May, the first World Humanitarian Summit was held in Istanbul, which brought together over 9,000 participants from 180 Member States, including 63 Heads of  In preparation for floods, the State and Government, hundreds of representatives of the private sector, thousands of humanitarian community is civil society and non-governmental organizations (NGOs). taking steps to maintain Chad’s voice in particular has been heard through the Humanitarian Coordinator, as well basic services in potentially as a Chadian delegation led by the Minister of Foreign Affairs and African Integration, and inaccessible areas. the participation of representatives from the civil society. The summit resulted in strong commitments around the five core responsibilities of the FIGURES Agenda for Humanity, namely: (1) Demonstrate political leadership to prevent and end conflicts; (2) Uphold the norms that safeguard humanity; (3) Leave no one behind: a Population 13.2 m commitment to address forced displacement; (4) Changing people’s life: from delivering Literacy rate 37.3 aid to ending needs; (5) Financing: Investing in humanity. GDP/capita US$2,021 Life 50.7 yrs An agenda tailored to the humanitarian challenges in Chad expectancy The Agenda for Humanity echoes the main humanitarian challenges in Chad. Indeed, a Under 5 stronger international commitment is essential to preserve this island of stability in a mortality rate 150/1,000 volatile sub-region. In the effort to maintain security, especially in Lake Chad, respect for Maternal humanitarian law and human rights is a priority. mortality rate 1,100/100,000 Access to Moreover, the issue of forced displacement is important in Chad, with over 500,000 potable water 48.2% refugees, returnees, and internally displaced people (IDP) in the country. The role of the Returnees 89,036 Government in the protection and assistance to IDPs needs to be strengthened in line with Article 5 of the Kampala Convention which stipulates the primary responsibility of Refugees 381,568 States. IDPs* 102,639 (registered as (65,056) Moreover, the link between humanitarian and development is crucial to get out of the trap of of protracted crises. Therefore, humanitarian actors in Chad are working with the 14/06/2016) Government to promote the empowerment of refugees, reintegration of Chadian returnees from CAR, and the implementation of sustainable solutions in the Lac region to FUNDING prevent dependence to assistance (livelihood restoration, rehabilitation of public infrastructures, access to basic social services). 567 million Finally, chronic aid underfunding remains a major challenge for Chad: only 13 percent of requested (US$) the funding required for humanitarian response in 2016 has been funded to date. Development aid also remains largely underfunded. 13% funded Promises to Action

Faced with these challenges in Chad and in the world, the Summit is the first step towards an overall aid improvement. All commitments made by actors will be reflected in a “Commitments to Action" document, which should be published in July 2016. In due Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 2

time, this document will be publicly accessible on a “web Platform” to allow each stakeholder for an accountable follow-up. Besides, around thirty humanitarian donors and organizations signed the "Grand Bargain" in which they committed to take measures for more transparency to strengthen the use and coordination of cash transfer programs, as well as simplify and harmonize reporting requirements. The document also promotes joint and impartial evaluations, more financing tools for national actors, and greater involvement of beneficiaries in the decisions affecting their lives Crisis in Lac: towards Sustainable Solutions Insecurity still disrupting livelihood activities Over 18 months after the start of the crisis in Lac region, the security situation and population displacements continue to disrupt economic activities such as stock breeding, agriculture, fishing and cross-border trade. This has damaged the livelihood of the displaced and host communities limiting their ability to meet their own needs.

Main effects of the crisis on displaced populations (mainly):  Loss of labour force within families.  Looting of household assets by armed groups, and loss of productive assets (tools and production equipment, seeds, animals, etc.).

Main effects of the crisis on both the displaced and non-displaced populations:  Loss of access to agricultural production areas, pasture and fishing zones, mainly island areas (but not only) because of insecurity and control of these areas by armed groups; fishing bans in high waters.  Disruption of transhumance corridors, livestock concentration and overgrazing.  Loss of income sources and job opportunities.  Closure of borders, blockade of commercial road (land / river), marketing and supply chain, in particular those with Nigeria.  Higher prices of some food and non-food items.

Main effects of the crisis on the host population / non-displaced (mainly):  Increased anthropogenic pressure on natural resources (agricultural land, firewood, water, pastures, etc.), and sharing resources with the displaced.  Increased number of conflicts between producers (farmers, breeders, fishermen). Over 130,000 people are  Additional pressure on access to basic social services. in “crisis phase” of food Source: Report of the Workshop on “Seasonal Programming based on livelihood", 25-29 April in Bol (WFP, UNICEF, FAO, insecurity in Lac region, Ministry of Planning, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health). representing 24.9% of the population The impact of insecurity on agricultural activities, combined with the likely effects of El Niño on rainfall, has also led to a decline in cereal production in the country (11% compared to last year and 9% over the five-year average). In this context, over 130,000 people are food insecure (crisis phase) in Lac region, that is 24.9% of the population of this region, according to the results of the March 2016 Harmonised Framework. Four other regions in the Sahel are also in crisis phase: , Bar-el-Ghazal, Guera, and , with 320,000 people, in total one million in food insecurity “crisis phase”, during the lean season. According to a more recent study conducted by the World Food Programme (WFP) in April (Emergency food security and nutrition assessment), 45 % of the population is food insecure in the Sahel area, including 9 % in severe food insecurity. This represents about two million food insecure people, including 400,000 severely food insecure people. Compared to EFSA (Emergency Food Security Assessment) studies conducted in 2013 and 2015, global food insecurity has increased by 10 %, reflecting deterioration over the last three years.

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Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 3

Proportion of people affected by severe food insecurity by region

Kanem 25,5 24,9 Barh-El-Gazal 23,5 12,5 11,3 10,4 9,6 9,5 Moyen-Chari 7,7 6,3 Mayo-Kebbi Ouest 6,1 6,0 Mayo-Kebbi Est 5,5 5,3 Ouaddaï 4,5 3,9 Logone Occidental 3,8

Source : OCHA / Harmonized Framework (March 2016) for the June-August projected period

Food insecurity – current situation

An increase of 25% severe acute malnutrition cases is expected in 2016 in Lac, Kanem and Barh-el- Gazal regions

Source : OCHA / Harmonized Framework (March 2016) for the June-August projected period

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Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 4

Moreover, an increase of 25% in severe acute malnutrition (SAM) cases in 2016 is expected in the regions of Lac, Kanem and Barh-el-Ghazal, based on screenings carried out in the first quarter of 2016. Combining emergency assistance and strengthening livelihoods In order to prevent the deterioration of this situation, humanitarian assistance continues. The Central Emergency Response Fund (CERF) has approved a US$ 10 million grant for Chad with nearly 5.5 million allocated to food insecurity and malnutrition in regions of Lac, Kanem, Bar-el-Ghazal, Guera, and Wadi Fira. The humanitarian The remaining funds will be allocated to multi-cluster assistance in the northern basin of Lac region, particularly in health, water, sanitation and hygiene, protection, shelter /non- community has received food items (NFI) / Coordination and site management. Activities will be implemented by US$ 10 million dollars the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), the United Nations Population Fund from the Central (UNFPA), the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Organization for Migration (IOM), the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) and the Emergency Response World Food Programme (WFP). Fund (CERF). Although these assistances are essential to save lives, this emergency aid is not sufficient to cover all the needs of affected populations. It is therefore a priority to implement activities to rehabilitate affected systems and support livelihoods, allowing affected populations to get out of aid dependency, and avoid a prolonged crisis. Some humanitarian actors are already part of this dynamic. This is the case of FAO, which supports farmers with livestock feed, distributed in exchange for animals in bad shape. After a control process, the dried meat produced with the destocked cattle will be distributed by the NGO International Medical Corps (IMC) as a nutritional support to pregnant and lactating women and malnourished children. Similarly, the International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) began in June a project of distribution of seeds, agricultural tools and NFI to 5,300 families (displaced and host) to restart their farming activities and to improve their economic conditions. Two workshops of "Seasonal Programming based on Livelihoods" were also organized by WFP in Bol (25-29 April) and Baga Sola (2-3 May), in collaboration with UNICEF and FAO, with the participation of communities, NGOs, and representatives of the Government (Ministry of Planning and Forecasting, Ministry of Agriculture and Ministry of Health). These workshops allowed the joint identification for improvement of the livelihood activities to meet the needs of people.

Regional engagement on sustainable solutions The strategic issue of sustainable solutions was also discussed at the recent "Regional Dialogue on Protection in the Lake Chad Basin" organized by UNHCR from 6 to 8 June in Abuja, Nigeria. Representatives of the governments of Nigeria, Cameroon, and Chad, as well as United Nations agencies, civil society and donors were present at the workshop. In its section on "Integrated Sustainable Solutions", the Abuja Declaration signed on 8 June highlights the need to strengthening the link between humanitarian response and development activities, including through joint and coordinated planning to ensure the inclusion of refugees, IDPs and returnees within development plans of the Government at national and local levels. With the support of technical and financial partners, the signatories have also made recommendations on civil-military coordination, forced displacement, people with specific needs etc. An Action Plan must be developed by each country before the end of the year. The humanitarian community in Chad is fully in this process, especially through advocacy and support to the Government of Chad.

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Humanitarian partners are getting prepared to face the rainy season A risk period for humanitarian activities In 2016, about 24% of When the rainy season sets in Chad, floods annually weaken the living conditions of the population (nearly populations. In 2014, 206,000 people were affected by the floods according to the 2.7 million persons) is National Food Security Survey. The Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) shows that in likely to be affected by a 2016, 24% of the population, nearly 2.7 million people, could be affected by a shock natural disaster-related related to natural disasters, including floods. shock, including floods These floods have severe consequences on the living conditions of populations. They cause significant damage, destroying homes and infrastructure. They also increase a risk in the health sector due to the possible occurrence and spread of waterborne diseases, due to low access to safe water and sanitation. Moreover, floods worsen food insecurity, destroying crops and pastures and water points needful for the survival of livestock, affecting agricultural yields and household livelihoods, especially for farmers and stockbreeders, putting them in a situation of food insecurity. For example, in 2012, floods destroyed nearly 300,000 hectares of crops. The increase in commodity prices and declining revenues endanger the survival of affected populations, especially children under five and pregnant and lactating women, and force people into adopting negative coping strategies. With the climatic changes caused by El Niño, extreme weather conditions may increase. Very dry periods with insufficient rainfall could alternate with shorter rainy seasons but with intense rainfall accompanied by strong winds, causing major flooding that intensify humanitarian challenges and requesting especially response from the humanitarian community. In this context, natural disasters, including floods, are identified in the humanitarian response plan as one of the four major challenges in Chad, and as one of the three contingencies of the inter-agency contingency plan for which alert indicators and have been defined, as well as preparation and rapid response activities. For example, the alert is declared when 100,000 hectares of crops and pastures are flooded or when rainfall exceeds 150mm in ten days in the Sahel zone. Measures for anticipating the impact of floods Humanitarian partners are mobilized -in support to Chadian authorities- to anticipate and mitigate flood risk and to ensure food security, protection of the population and access to basic social services. While floods make it difficult or impossible to access some areas in the country, preparedness measures require firstly identification and mapping of areas and infrastructures at risk and / or inaccessible in case of bad weather. OCHA, in partnership with UNICEF and the Health Cluster, has developed maps on inaccessibility of health centres in eastern and southern Chad (see below and pages 9-10) in order to identify Preparedness measures areas where preservation of access to services could be difficult, and implement preparedness measures needed to ensure usability of basic services. Information sharing require firstly by the entire humanitarian community will help to refine the identification of inaccessible identification and areas and to strengthen humanitarian assistance during the rainy season. mapping of areas and With the technical support of UNITAR/UNOSAT (the United Nations Institute for Training facilities at risk and/or and Research - Operational Programme for satellite applications), the water, sanitation inaccessible. and hygiene (WASH) cluster is working on forecasting analysis and mapping of flooding risks in Chad. This is a pilot project developed by UNITAR/UNOSAT, in partnership with CIMA Research Foundation and the Ministry of Hydraulics, as part of ResEau Project supported by the Swiss Cooperation Office in Chad. The objective of this project is to increase the resilience of Chad regarding risks of recurrent flooding.

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Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 6

Some clusters have already started preparedness measures to ensure the provision and maintenance of basic services in inaccessible areas during floods. For example, the Nutrition Cluster has pre-positioned nutritional products in 161 nutrition centres located in six regions, depending on the duration of the inaccessibility of centres (3 to 5 months). The WASH Cluster has also prepositioned kits in the 37 health districts at cholera risk and supported activities to promote basic hygiene and sanitation. The Nutrition Cluster has pre-positioned products in 161 nutritional centres in six regions depending on the duration of inaccessibility (3-5 months).

Furthermore, Food Security Cluster partners programmed distributions from June to July, covering a three-month period to anticipate needs, especially as the rainy season overlaps with the lean period during which people are most vulnerable to food insecurity. Because of these major logistical constraints, the World Food Programme (WFP) has to pre-position stocks necessary for the aid distributions planned from June to September in Eastern Chad, in the months of May-June. In 2016, this represents nearly 19 000 metric tons of food. As for the Education Cluster, there is no significant risk during the vacation period. However, damage is likely to occur in makeshift schools, since they have little resistance to wind and rain. A needs assessment of school facilities will be conducted prior to the beginning of coming school year in September. Finally, maintaining protection activities for the affected population (psychosocial support, support for victims of gender-based violence, etc.) remains challenging in areas with limited accessibility during the rainy season. An identification of community liaison

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Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 7

workers in those areas could be an interesting strategy in order to continue follow-up and have a local early warning system. Reduce the risk of disasters Beyond preparedness measures to maintain humanitarian assistance during the rainy season, it is essential to strengthen the resilience of communities to chronic natural disasters, not only flood, but also drought and crop pests. Actions to reduce risks and disasters involving communities have been undertaken to strengthen their capacity in order to deal with these elements, and minimize emergency responses in case of disaster. For example, prevention and response initiatives to the risks of epidemics and floods in West and Est Mayo Kebbi regions include activities of community mobilization for behavioural change, as well as capacity development of community liaison workers and local stakeholders. The role of the Government of Chad should also be strengthened in particular with regards to the development of response framework and the implementation of an early warning system including the facilitation of sharing meteorological data and monitoring of river shores. In this context, the humanitarian community, including OCHA, UNICEF, United Nation Development Programme (UNDP), UNHCR and the Working Group on Disaster Risk Reduction, works with the Government on capacity building and operationalization of contingency plans, including the creation of unified early warning systems and a national contingency plan. For instance, one of the current interventions is the support provided by WFP and FAO to the Information System on Food Security and Early Warning (SISAAP). In brief A Humanitarian mini-summit in Baga-Sola A humanitarian mini-Summit was organized by OCHA in Baga-Sola, Lac region, as a "Side-Event on Lake Chad Basin" which coincided with the World Humanitarian Summit, held on 23-24 May in Istanbul. This meeting was attended by 24 IDPs from Dar Nahim, Kafia and Tagal and refugees from Dar es Salaam camp in Baga- Sola, who discussed in Hausa, Kanembou, Chadian Arab and French. This qualitative discussion, most of which was shared on Twitter, helped bring the voices of affected populations in the high-level debate in Istanbul on the theme: "An overlooked crisis in a neglected region: how to durably end the suffering in Participants in the humanitarian mini-Summit in Baga-Sola (Photo: UN Chad / Lake Chad Basin?” Borra) Beyond the urgent sectoral needs, participants in the mini-summit highlighted the importance of receiving support for livelihoods activities (agriculture, livestock, fisheries, income generating activities, etc.) to recover self-sufficiency. They also raised the importance for partners to support host populations that have welcomed them, and asked for improved access to basic services, especially more hospitals and public schools including in their zones of origin. Regarding sustainable solutions, discussions mentioned the support for return to their areas of origin or integration in the host areas - depending on the development of the security situation.

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Chad Humanitarian Bulletin – May -June 2016 | 8

For further information, please contact:

Florent Méhaule, OCHA Head of Office, [email protected], Tel. (+235) 68 85 10 04 Mayanne Munan, Public Information Officer, [email protected], Tel. (+235) 62 93 48 26 Augustin Zusanné, Assistant Public Information Officer, [email protected], Tel. (+235) 63 90 09 13

www.unocha.org/tchad | www.humanitarianresponse.info/tchad | www.reliefweb.int/country/tcd

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CHAD: Food security and nutrition situation snapshot (May 2016)

FOOD SECURITY NUTRITION 3.6 million 410,000 Due to the significant drop in agricultural production, people food insecure* malnutrition cases expected in 2016 Trends in acute malnutrition show a deterioration of the most vulnerable households are getting poorer. the nutritional situation in several regions, Despite ongoing emergency food assistance, a particularly in Kanem, Barh el Gazel and Lac. The quarter of Chad’s population is food insecure with a 216,000 194,000 implementation of emergency humanitarian of MAM cases of SAM cases risk of deterioration if additional funding is not Taux élevé d’insécurité response to acute malnutrition is a priority in 15 alimentaire mobilised. Analysis of Harmonised Framework in (phase 3 du cadre harmonisé) regions and in refugee camps and sites of returnee March 2016 estimated over one million people and internally displaced people (IDPs). The fight suffering from severe food insecurity during the lean 26% against acute malnutrition is carried out through a Prévalence de la MAS supérieureof the population is 47% season, an increase of more than 400,000 comparedau seuil d’alerte (2%) SAM of total set of interventions in nutrition, health, education, to the 2015 lean season. food insecure cases water, hygiene and sanitation.

ZonesSource: d’accueil Harmonised Framework (March 2016), current situation * plus about 500,000 people (refugees, returnees) which are not included in the Harmonised Framework Source: HRP revision 2016, nutrition cluster

People suffering from food insecurity (2013 - 2016) Food insecurity - current situation SAM rates Source: Harmonised Framework, phase 2 and higher Source: Harmonised Framework (Nov 2015 and March 2016) Source: SMART (Nov 2015)

No data 0.2% - 1% +25% 4M Minimal 1.1% - 2% Under pressure of SAM cases expected in 2016 LIBYA LIBYA 2.1% - 5.8% Crisis in the regions of Lac, Kanem and 3M Emergency Famine Barh-el-Gazel + Improvement 2M ! Deterioration TIBESTI TIBESTI

1M Source: HRP 2016, screenings (1st quarter 2016), Nutrition cluster

0M NIGER NIGER OUEST ENNEDI OUEST Nov 2013 Nov 2014 Sep 2015 Mar 2016 ENNEDI EST ENNEDI EST

BORKOU Proportion of severe food insecure people by region SAM prevalence by region (%) Source: Harmonised Framework (March 2016), phase 3 and higher Source: SMART (Nov 2015)

5.8 25.5 WADI FIRA WADI FIRA Guera Kanem KANEM ! KANEM ! 4.9 Lac 24.9 ! Wadi Fira ! 4.1 Barh-El-Gazel 23.5 BATHA BATHA Ouaddai BARH-EL-GAZEL BARH-EL-GAZEL 3.7 12.5 SUDAN SUDAN Barh El Gazel Wadi Fira LAC ! ! ! LAC ! ! Batha 3.6 Batha 11.3 ! OUADDAÏ OUADDAÏ Chari Baguirmi 3.1 10.4 ! ! Mandoul 2.8 !HADJER-LAMIS HADJER-LAMIS Hadjer Lamis Logone Oriental 9.6 ! ! SILA + SILA Kanem 2.7 9.5 NIGERIA NIGERIA Guera Ndjamena 2.7 7.7 GUÉRA + GUÉRA Moyen-Chari CHARI-BAGUIRMI CHARI-BAGUIRMI 2.2 6.3 ! 2.2 Sila MAYO- MAYO- Sila SALAMAT SALAMAT 6.1 KEBBI KEBBI 2 Mayo-Kebbi Ouest EST ! EST Borkou Tandjile 6 ! Ennedi Est 2 MAYO- ! TANDJILÉ MOYEN-CHARI MAYO- TANDJILÉ MOYEN-CHARI Mayo-Kebbi Est 5.5 KEBBI ! KEBBI Ennedi Ouest 2 OUEST ! OUEST 5.3 ! 2 ! ! ! ! Tibesti Hadjer-Lamis ! ! !

! ! !

MANDOUL ! MANDOUL ! ! LOGONE ! ! LOGONE ! ! ! ! 2

4.5 ! ! Lac

! !

! ! ! !

!

OCCIDENTAL OCCIDENTAL ! ! Ouaddai ! ! Salamat 3.9 LOGONE ORIENTAL LOGONE ORIENTAL Alert threshold CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC CAMEROON CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC Logone Occidental 3.8

The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: 31 May 2016 Sources: OCHA, Gov of Chad, UNICEF, WFP, FAO, Harmonised Framework, SMART Feedback: [email protected] www.unocha.org www.reliefweb.int CHAD : Health facilities access (june 2016)

EN N E DI Torboul ! EN N E DAImdjarass Kalaït O UE S T ES T Birdouani BO R K O U ! ! Bak!aore

Nanou ! !Ourda Bahai Marde!be ! ! Wé Ourba ! Ourba Kouba WAD I Megri !

!Orocta F IR A Erre Kobe Ngueri !Matadjana ! ! ! ! !! Iriba Matadjana Iriba Urbain Tiné! Djagaraba !Arada ! Arada ! Touloum Tine Sabout Maiba ! Troungna Camp ! Biltine ! !Martibe

!Kouchane Dougouba Djourouf ! ! Amnabak Tombolong Camp Kirzim ! Milé Moudre ! ! Koursigué! !Camp Bobok !Gourmaka ! Omol Guéréda ! Biltine ! Kolonga Biltine ! Guéréda!! Urbain Urbain ! ! ! Kolonga Kounougou Lima Dicker ! ! Camp Serim-Birké Angara ! Miti ! Dar-Tama !Koïbo ! ! Kassiné Malanga Miti ! ! Amzoer Er!né !Birak !Guérry ! ! ! Douguine Abtoboye Am-Zoer Kour Amhitane Terkeme Kouré ! Mata!Baibor ! Bourtail ! Krey Assoungha ! Koudouguine ! ! H. Doukour Mabrone ± Magare ! Mabrone !Kawa Abéché! Taïba !!!!! Barout Salamat Mo!ura Tourané! Islamique ! ! ! Djatinié ! ! !Fochi ! !Molou Amsack Abougoudam Mabrouka Amleyouna ! ! ! Hadjilidje Erlé Abougoudam !Abougoulegne S U D A N Kidjimira Farchana ! Hilouta Marcho!ut ! Molou ! BAT HA Abkouta Adré ! O UA D D A I Bredjing Tongori ! ! !! Urbaine Geneina Ouara Hadjer-Hadid!! Hadjer-Hadid Rimele Chokoyan Treguine ! Adré! ! ! Chokoyane Djoroko Mahamata !Marfa ! !Marfa !Andokone Hougoune Abkar-Djombo ! ! !Arkoum Goungour K!atafa ! Goundiang ! ! Settlements Abkar ! Kouchkouchné Margachagane ! ! Amdeguigue Allacha Rogorogo ! Borotha National capital Abdi ! Borota ! ! Angamougna Djarangabi ! ! As!sartini Region capital Laguia Zabalat ! Ma!garane ! Andila ! Kouka Margni Am-Dam ! !Abdi ! District capital ! ! Magrane ! !Bieré Amdam Warga Kadjaske ! ! Sub-district capital ! Biyeré Addé Urbain ! Ade MoudeinaHealth facilities G UE R A Moudeïna ! ! ! Accessible !Doroti Djourf Haouich Haouich Koutoufou ! ! ! Not accessible Al Ahmar Ablelaye ! !Karo Kimiti Koubeigou ! Accessibility status LIBYA ! ! ! not known ! SI L A Djabal !! Gozbeida Goz-Beida Network NIGER !Dogdore Main road Koukou ! !! !! Mogororo ! Koukou-Angarana! Secondary road Kerfi Louboutigue Tioro ! Track / trail SUDAN Kerfi N'Djaména Boundaries NIGERIA SAL AMAT !Bandikao National boundary Mouraye Kilometers Region boundary CAMEROON CAR ! 0 25 50 100 District boundary ! The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the United Nations. Creation date: 24 june 2016 Map reference: TCD_MAP_AccesCSEstEng_A4P Sources : OCHA, UNICEF, OSM. Feedback: [email protected] www.unocha.org/tchad www.reliefweb.int CHAD : Southern regions - Health facilities access (june 2016)

!Chinguil

Djouna ! SAL AMAT

G UE R A Settlements Boum

!Kébir National capital ! Boum-Kebir CH A R I - B AG U I R M I Regional capital ! District capital Korbol !! Sub-district Korbol ! Bahr-Koh capital Health facilities Singako Kouno ! ! M O Y EN - C H A R I ! Accessible !Alako !Biobé Ba!ltoubaye ! Alako ! Baltoubaye Not accessible Roro ! Accessibility TANDJ IL E ! !Dindjébo status not Lac Iro known Network Bohobé ! ! Main road Kyabé! Kyabe Béhobé ! Secondary road !Goundi Track / trail

LIBYA Boundaries

!Ngangara National NIGER Sarh Ngondeye boundary !Sarh Ngondeye ! M AN D O U L Balimba ! Region boundary !Mouroumgoulaye SUDAN N'Djaména District !Bessada NIGERIA boundary Bédaya CENT RAL Koumra ! Hydrography CAMEROON Moussa-Foyo AFRICAN CAR Grande ! Sido Waterbody ! REPUBLIC The boundaries and names shown and the designations used on this map do not imply official endorsement or acceptance by the Unite!d Nations. Creation date: 24 june 2016 Map reference: TCD_MAP_AccesCSRegionsSudEng_A4P Sources : OCHA, Cluster santé, OSM. Feedback: [email protected] www.unocha.org/tchad www.reliefweb.int