Finding Aid for the JP Coleman Collection
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University of Mississippi eGrove Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids Library November 2020 Finding Aid for the J.P. Coleman Collection (MUM01734) Follow this and additional works at: https://egrove.olemiss.edu/finding_aids Recommended Citation J.P. Coleman Collection, Archives and Special Collections, J.D. Williams Library, The University of Mississippi This Finding Aid is brought to you for free and open access by the Library at eGrove. It has been accepted for inclusion in Archives & Special Collections: Finding Aids by an authorized administrator of eGrove. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Finding Aid for the J.P. Coleman Collection (MUM01734) Questions? Contact us! The J.P. Coleman Collection is open for research. This collection is stored at an off-site facility. Researchers interested in using this collection must contact Archives and Special Collections at least two business days in advance of their planned visit. Finding Aid for the J.P. Coleman Collection Table of Contents Descriptive Summary Administrative Information Subject Terms Biographical Note Bibliography Scope and Content Note User Information Related Material Separated Material Bibliography Arrangement Container List Descriptive Summary Title: J.P. Coleman Collection Dates: 1965-1985 Collector: Coleman, J. P. (James Plemon), 1914-1991 Physical Extent: 79 boxes (120 linear feet) Repository: University of Mississippi. Department of Archives and Special Collections. University, MS 38677, USA Identification: MUM01734 Location: Modern Political Archives Language of Material: English Abstract: J.P. Coleman served as governor of Mississippi between 1956 and 1960. In 1965, the claimed a seat on the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals, gaining the rank of chief judge in 1979. Coleman assumed senior status in 1981, lightening his case load. He retired from the bench in 1984 and died in 1991. This collection contains Coleman's judicial papers from his tenure on the Fifth Circuit. Administrative Information Acquisition Information Judge Coleman donated his Fifth Circuit records to the University of Mississippi Law School in February 1984 and delivered five additional boxes later that year in July. Custodial History In 2004, the University of Mississippi transferred responsibility for the collection from the Law School to the Archives & Special Collections. Processing Information The following student workers processed the collection: Katrina Sims, Andrew Meador, Chase Wynn, Lennie Patterson, and Philip Cunningham. Sims, along with Senior Library Assistant Ellie Campbell, determined a box arrangement that retained the integrity of the original filing system. Political Papers Archivist Leigh McWhite composed the bibliographic notes for the finding aid, while Digital Initiatives Librarian Jason Kovari encoded the online document. The document was updated by Abigail Norris, May 2020. Additions No further additions are expected to this collection. Subject Terms Coleman, J. P. (James Plemon), 1914-1991 United States. Court of Appeals (5th Circuit) Courts Judicial power Judges -- Mississippi Civil rights -- United States -- Cases Formats judicial records civil court records criminal court records briefs (legal documents) affidavits correspondence memorandums photographic prints negatives (photographic) Biographical Note J.P. Coleman was born on 9 January 1914 to Thomas A. and Jennie Worrell Coleman who owned a 120 acre farm near Fentress in Choctaw County, Mississippi. He attended a local county school before graduating from Ackerman High School in 1931. As a young boy, Coleman enjoyed hearing political speeches: "That was, to me, extremely thrilling and interesting…I have known since I was 10 years old that nothing would suit me but to be a lawyer." After graduation, Coleman worked for a year before enrolling at the University of Mississippi, where he washed dishes, waited on tables, and swept floors to pay for expenses. After two years, Coleman moved to Washington, DC and joined the staff of U.S. Representative Aaron Ford of Mississippi. At the time, Lyndon B. Johnson served on the staff of U.S. Representative Dick Kleberg of Texas and dominated the Little Congress, an organization of congressional aides. Coleman triumphed in a 1935 leadership contest against Johnson's handpicked candidate and earned the future president's lifelong respect and friendship. Also during this period, Coleman married Margaret Dennis and attended George Washington Law School. In 1937, he passed the Mississippi Bar but remained enrolled in school until completing his degree in 1939. That year, Coleman returned home to open his law practice in Ackerman, and voters soon elected him District Attorney for a seven-county Fifth Circuit of Mississippi. In 1946, he won a race to become circuit judge. "That was the best job I've ever had," he stated. "I got more satisfaction personally out of being a circuit judge. I was here where I knew everybody. But I knew at that age that I couldn't spend the rest of my life as a circuit judge." In 1950, Coleman became the youngest member of the Mississippi Supreme Court. However, three months into his new position, Governor Fielding Wright asked Coleman to accept the post of state attorney general. Initially, the young justice balked, but a call from his friend U.S. Senator John Stennis convinced him that taking the job would advance his chances for becoming governor one day. Coleman played an active role policing gambling on the Gulf Coast and acquired the nicknames "Constable Coleman" and "Dick Tracy Coleman." His stance on law enforcement paid off in the 1955 gubernatorial race. In the Democratic primary, Coleman faced off against Paul B. Johnson Jr., Mary Cain, Fielding Wright, and Ross Barnett. A year earlier, the Supreme Court had issued its Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka ruling on the unconstitutionality of segregation in public schools. A leading issue of the campaign, Coleman promised to prevent integration. The "Choctaw County Plowboy" won the nomination carrying 66 of 82 counties in a runoff and later triumphed in the state election. At the time Coleman was viewed as a "moderate" segregationist -- one who utilized legal methods to preserve racial separation while disavowing extremist rhetoric or tactics. During his tenure, the legislature passed a resolution of interposition authorizing the state to obstruct implementation of the Brown decision. Although Coleman described the theory of interposition as "legal poppycock," he did sign the measure. The legislature also created the State Sovereignty Commission to oversee this mandate, making the governor its chairman. However, Coleman vetoed a law which sought to hinder federal civil rights investigations, and he prevented efforts to outlaw the NAACP. As governor, he also donated state property for an integrated federal veterans hospital. Having campaigned on the issue of economic development, Coleman continued the Balance Agriculture with Industry program started by his predecessor. During his administration, the state issued $50 million in bonds to attract industry, garnering 35,000 new jobs. Coleman also worked with Alabama Governor James E. Folsom and legislators in both states to develop plans for the Tennessee-Tombigbee Waterway linking those two rivers to the Gulf of Mexico. The Mississippi legislature defeated Coleman's efforts to convene a state convention for creating a new constitution more in line with modern society. In 1984, he remarked that "My regret of a lifetime has to be the failure to get a constitutional convention in 1957….That represented an opportunity to show the world Mississippi was liberating itself from that part of the past we should no longer be chained to." Coleman proved more successful in his promotion of the Old Capitol's restoration and transformation into a state historical museum. At the end of his administration, Coleman boasted a $35 million surplus in the state treasury. Prevented by state law from serving two successive terms, Coleman became Choctaw County's representative in the Mississippi House for four years. He is the only Mississippian to have served in all three branches of the state government. In 1963, Coleman sought the post of governor again. This time, Paul B. Johnson Jr. won, largely by drawing voters' attention to Coleman's friendship with the unpopular John F. Kennedy. Coleman had supported the Democratic National Party's presidential nominees in both the 1956 and 1960 elections, angering those whites who opposed the national party's civil rights platform. President Kennedy later offered him an appointment as Secretary of the Army and ambassador to Australia, but the Mississippi politician declined both posts. Soon after losing the 1963 election, the Mississippi members of the U.S. House of Representatives hired Coleman as legal counsel to represent them in a suit filed by the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. The plaintiffs sought to bar the members from public office on the grounds that their elections were illegal due to civil rights violations at the polls. The Mississippi delegation eventually took their seats, and Coleman later reflected "I assume that's the most important case I've ever handled in my career as a lawyer." At the urging of senators James O. Eastland and John C. Stennis, President Lyndon B. Johnson nominated his old Little Congress adversary and friend to the U.S. Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals in June 1965. Opposed by civil rights groups during the confirmation process, Attorney General