Family Family Hesperidae Brush-footed Skippers

____ Great Spangled Fritillary ( cybele) ____ Silver-spotted (Epargyreus clarus) ____ Aphrodite Fritillary (Speyeria aphrodite) ____ Northern Cloudywing (Thorybes pylades) ____ Meadow Fritillary ( bellona) ____ Dreamy (Erynnis icelus) ____ Silver-bordered Fritillary (Boloria selene) ____ Juvenal’s Duskywing (Erynnis juvenalis) ____ ( tharos) ____ Wild Indigo Duskywing (Erynnis baptisiae) ____ Northern Crescent () ____ Arctic Skipper (Carterocephalus palaemon) ____ Harris’s Checkerspot (Chlosyne harrisii) ____ European Skipper (Thymelicus lineola) ____ Baltimore Checkerspot (Euphydryas phaeton) ____ Least Skipper (Ancyloxypha numitor) ____ Question Mark (Polygonia interrogationis) ____ Indian Skipper ( sassacus) ____ Eastern Comma (Polygonia comma) ____ Leonard’s Skipper (Hesperia leonardus) ____ Gray Comma (Polygonia progne) ____ Peck’s Skipper (Polites peckius) ____ Compton Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis vau-album) ____ Long Dash (Polites mystic) ____ Mourning Cloak (Nymphalis antiopa) ____ Crossline Skipper (Polites origenes) ____ Milbert’s Tortoiseshell (Nymphalis milberti) ____ Tawny-edged Skipper (Polites themistocles) ____ Red Admiral (Vanessa atalanta) ____ Little Glassywing ( verna) ____ American Lady (Vanessa virginiensis) ____ Northern Broken-Dash (Wallengrenia egeremet) ____ Painted Lady (Vanessa cardui) ____ Delaware Skipper (Anatrytone logan) ____ Common Buckeye (Junonia coenia) ____ Hobomok Skipper (Poanes hobomok) ____ White Admiral (Limenitis arthemis) ____ Two-spotted Skipper (Euphyes bimacula) ____ Viceroy (Limenitis archippus) ____ Dun Skipper (Euphyes vestris) ____ Northern Pearly-Eye ( anthedon) ____ Common Roadside Skipper (Amblyscirtes vialis) ____ Eyed Brown ( eurydice) ____ Appalachian Brown () Although some skippers are brightly marked, such as ____ Little Wood Satyr (Megisto cymela) Leonard’s Skipper, many are plain and can be extremely ____ Common Ringlet (Coenonympha tullia) confusing. The females of Little Glassywing, Northern Broken-Dash, and Dun Skipper are so difficult to identify Pearl Crescent and Northern Crescent are very they are often referred to as the “three witches.” closely related and sometimes considered to be two forms of one species, also called Pearl Crescent. Nearly all Fort Drum individuals show Northern Crescent traits, but a few consistent with Pearl Crescent have been observed. Intermediates also occur.

Natural Resources Branch Environmental Division Directorate of Public Works Leonard’s Skipper Dun Skipper Fort Drum, NY

Front cover: Baltimore Checkerspot (top), Aphrodite 315-772-6187/ 772-9636 Fritillary (middle), Banded Hairstreak (bottom). www.fortdrum.isportsman.net

Northern Crescent All photos: Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch 2018 Butterflies on Fort Drum Family Pieridae Family Lycaenidae Whites & Sulphurs Gossamer-winged Butterflies Butterflies are members of the family , which also includes moths. There are far more ____ Cabbage White (Pieris rapae) ____ Harvester (Feniseca tarquinius) species of moth than butterfly and some observers ____ Mustard White (Pieris napi) ____ American Copper (Lycaena phlaeas) confuse them. One way to tell them apart is that ____ West Virginia White (Pieris virginiensis) ____ Bronze Copper (Lycaena hyllus) butterflies have a club at the end of their antennae ____ Orange Sulphur (Colias eurytheme) ____ Coral Hairstreak (Satyrium titus) (Bronze Copper, left) and moths do not (Virginia ____ Clouded Sulphur (Colias philodice) ____ Banded Hairstreak (Satyrium calanus) ctenucha moth, right). The Cabbage White is one ____ Eastern Pine Elfin (Callophrys niphon) of two non-native butterfly ____ Eastern Tailed-Blue (Everes comyntas) species on Fort Drum (the ____ Spring Azure (Celestrina ladon) other is the European ____ Summer Azure (Celestrina neglecta) Skipper). Cabbage Whites, ____ Silvery Blue (Glaucopsyche lygdamus) often incorrectly referred to as Cabbage Moths, are common in just about any open area. Our two native Cabbage White species of Pieris frequent At least 65 species of butterfly occur on Fort Drum, wooded areas, especially with more likely to be discovered. If you find a the West Virginia White, butterfly not included in this brochure please which rarely strays outside contact the Fort Drum Natural Resources Branch. of the forest. Cabbage Specific information that would be helpful includes Whites often can be the species name, date, location of observation, and recognized by their blackish wing tips. Mustard Whites a photo of the butterfly. Azures and West Virginia Whites Mustard White often show gray vein lining Family Papilionidae as seen from below; the veining is darker in Mustard White. Unfortunately, all Swallowtails three can be nearly pure white. Summer Azure ____ Eastern Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio glaucus) ____ Canadian Tiger Swallowtail (Papilio canadensis) ____ Black Swallowtail (Papilio polyxenes) Most northern butterflies spend ____ Giant Swallowtail (Papilio cresphontes) the winter as eggs, larvae, or pupae, the timing of emergence depending in part on what stage Silvery Blue they overwinter as. A few species Butterflies traditionally identified as Spring overwinter as adults and are the Azures actually consist of several different first to emerge each spring, Mourning Cloak species, of which at least two occur on Fort Drum. including Mourning Cloak; these The Spring Azure is single brooded and is among species can even fly during warm the first butterflies to fly in spring. Summer Azures winter days. A very few of our produce multiple broods and are common from butterflies migrate, the most July through the rest of the summer. Additional famous example being Monarch. Canadian Tiger Swallowtail species of azure may occur on Fort Drum but have Monarchs that summer on Fort not been adequately described. Easily confused Canadian Tiger Swallowtail is the most abundant tiger Drum spend the winter in Mexico, with azures are the Silvery Blue, common in late swallowtail on Fort Drum, but occasional individuals returning each year during a spring and early summer, and the Eastern Tailed- showing Eastern Tiger Swallowtail traits occur. multi-generation migration. Monarch Blue, which flies spring to fall.