SECURING HOMELESS PEOPLE FROM SOCIAL PROBLEM IN THORUGH THEIR INVOLVEMENT IN HOMELESS WORLD CUP ORGANIZATION AND RUMAH CEMARA AS SOCIAL CHANGE AGENT (2011 – 2014)

By Khairur Rizki 016201100098

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Humanities President University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for Bachelor Degree in International Relations Concentration in Diplomacy Study

2015

ACADEMIC ADVISOR RECOMMENDATION LETTER

This thesis is prepared and submitted by Khairur Rizki in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor Degree in the International Relations has been reviewed and found to have satisfied the requirements for a report fit to be examined.

Cikarang, 28 January 2015

Hendra Manurung, SIP, MA.

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DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY

I declare that this thesis, entitled Securing Homeless People from Social Problem in Indonesia through Involvement in Homeless World Cup Organization and the Roles of Rumah Cemara as Social Change Agent (2011 – 2014) is to the best of my knowledge and belief, original piece of work that has not been submitted, either in whole or in part, to another university to obtain a degree.

Cikarang, 28 January 2015

Khairur Rizki

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Securing Homeless People from Social Problem in Indonesia through Involvement in Homeless World Cup Organization and the Roles of Rumah Cemara as Social Change Agent (2011 – 2014)

By

Khairur Rizki 016201100098

Approved by

Teuku Rezasyah, Ph.D. Chair of Panel of Examiner

Makmur Widodo, MA. Examiner

Hendra Manurung, SIP, MA. Advisor I

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ABSTRACT

Homelessness is perceived as social problems in many countries. Many ways has been done to solve the problem. One of the ways is through international organizations. International organization can be used to resolve the problem of by doing a special program.

Homeless World Cup is an international non-governmental organization using sport diplomacy to help homeless people in the world and Indonesia. The program is not only to give help for homeless people but also involve them directly in program while Rumah Cemara is the national partner from Indonesia that bridging Indonesia with Homeless World Cup. Rumah Cemara is a national organization in social field.

This research describes and analyze about the Homeless World Cup program and Indonesia's involvement in it through books, internet websites, and primary resources. So far Indonesia's involvement in the Homeless World Cup is reducing the problem. Since first participating in 2011 Indonesia has pretty successful achievements. This is show that the Homeless World Cup sport diplomacy program is so effective. Homeless World Cup able to give direct effect to social change by involving homeless people directly. By doing this research, researcher gets a lot of new experience and this research also will be very useful for other people

Keyword: International organization, homeless world cup, sport diplomacy, homeless people, rumah cemara, social change

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ABSTRAK

Gelandangan atau kemiskinan dianggap sebagai masalah sosial di banyak negara. Banyak cara yang telah dilakukan untuk mengatasi permasalahan tersebut. Salah satu cara adalah melalui organisasi internasional. Organisasi internasional bisa digunakan sebagai alat untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut dengan melakukan program khusus.

Homeless World Cup adalah sebuah organisasi non pemerintah yang menggunakan diplomasi olahraga untuk membantu gelandangan di dunia dan Indonesia. program tersebut tidak hanya sekedar memberikan bantuan untuk orang-orang gelandangan tapi juga melibatkan langsung mereka dalam program tersebut. Sedangkan Rumah Cemara adalah rekan nasional dari Indonesia yang menjembatani Indonesia dengan Homeless World Cup. Rumah Cemara adalah sebuah organisasi nasional dalam bidang sosial.

Penelitian ini menggambarkan dan menganalisa tentang program Homeless World Cup dan keterlibatan Indonesia melalui data yang didapatkan dari buku, situs internet, dan sumber utama. sejauh ini keterlibatan Indonesia dalam Homeless World Cup mulai mengurangi permasalahan tersebut. Sejak pertama kalinya berpartisipasi pada tahun 2011 indonesia telah mendapatkan pencapaian yang cukup sukses. Hal ini menunjukkan diplomasi olahraga yang dilakukan oleh Homeless World Cup sangat efektif. Homeless World Cup dapat memberikan efek langsung terhadap perubahan social dengan melibatkan langsung orang- orang yang memiliki permasalahan social dalam programnya.

Kata kunci: Organisasi internasional, homeless world cup, diplomasi olahraga, gelandangan, rumah cemara, perubahan sosial

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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Bismillahirrahmanirrahim, I would like to say thousands thank you to Allah SWT Who has given me a never-ending blessing. Thanks to the grace so that I can complete and finish this thesis for my college. Then also my thanks to the Prophet Muhammad for guide his people. I also say thank you to both of my parent, M. Yunus Ilyas and Samawaty, also to my brother Khairul Iqbal and my sister Yusmarita Sari who have given extraordinary attention and educate me until I become like now. The gratitude and respect to both of my supervisor for thesis Mr. Hendra Manurung and Mr. Makmur Widodo, who always guide and advise me. Also to all the lectures of International Relations and other lectures who shared their knowledge to me during my study in the President University.

I would like to give my deepest gratitude for all of my friends who have fully supported me and accompanied me throughout the writing process of this thesis, my friends at Kontrakan Haji Karta Big Family, HANAPU big family, PT Orly Consulting big family, Rumah Cemara big family and also Mr. Mel Young as the founder of Homeless World Cup.

The purpose of this thesis is for the requirements for me to get my bachelor degree. But there are other important purposes for me. This thesis is not only for my graduation requirements but also can be useful for me and others. When working on a thesis this I get a lot of new experiences. I also met with a lot of new people for acquaintance and relationships. To conclude last but not least I would like to thank you to everybody I mentioned earlier and I do really hope this thesis can be useful for me and others.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

ACADEMIC ADVISOR RECOMMENDATION LETTER ...... i DECLARATION OF ORIGINALITY ...... ii Securing Homeless People from Social Problem in Indonesia through Involvement in Homeless World Cup Organization and the Roles of Rumah Cemara as Social Change Agent (2011 – 2014) ...... iii ABSTRACT ...... iv ABSTRAK ...... v ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ...... vi TABLE OF CONTENTS ...... vii LIST OF FIGURE ...... x

CHAPTER I ...... 1 INTRODUCTION ...... 1 I.1. Background of the Study ...... 1

I.2. Problem Identified ...... 8

I.3. Statement of the Problem ...... 11

I.4. Research Objectives ...... 11

I.5. Significant of the Study ...... 12

I.6. Theoretical Framework ...... 13

I.6.1 International Organization Theory ...... 13

I.6.2 Constructivism Theory ...... 14

I.7. Scope and Limitations of the Study ...... 15

CHAPTER II...... 17 LITERATURE REVIEW...... 17 II.1 Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics ...... 17 vii

II.1.1 Homeless World Cup Organization ...... 19

II.2 Constructivism According to Emanuel Adler ...... 20

II.3 Program of Homeless Empowerment ...... 21

II.4 FIFA as the Highest International Football Association (NGO) in Supporting Social Life ...... 28

CHAPTER III ...... 32 RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ...... 32 III.1 Research Method ...... 32

III.2 Qualitative Approach ...... 32

III.3 Research Time and Place ...... 34

III.4 Case Study ...... 35

III.5 Research Instrument ...... 36

III.6 Data Collection ...... 37

CHAPTER IV ...... 38 Securing Homeless People: Indonesia Involvement in Homeless World Cup Organization (2011 – 2014) ...... 38 IV.I Background ...... 38

IV.1.1 Football as Unifying Nation ...... 43

IV.1.2 Football in Social Perspective ...... 45

IV.2 Homeless World Cup Organization: Beating Homelessness through Football ...... 45

IV.2.1 Homeless World Cup Procedure and Rule ...... 49

IV.2.2 Homeless World Cup Organization Other Programs ...... 50

IV.3 The Involvement of Indonesia in Homeless World Cup Organization ..... 51

IV.3.1 Indonesia First Participation in Homeless World Cup ...... 53

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IV.3.2 Indonesia Participation in Homeless World Cup 2012 ...... 55

IV.3.3 Indonesia in Homeless World Cup 2013 ...... 57

IV.3.4. Indonesia Participation in Homeless World Cup 2014 ...... 60

IV.4 Homeless World Cup and Rumah Cemara as the Agent of Social Change ...... 62

IV.5 Indonesia to be the Host of Homeless World Cup ...... 66

CHAPTER V ...... 69 CONCLUSION ...... 69

BIBLIOGRAPHY ...... 72

APPENDIX I ...... 77 HOMELESS WORLD CUP RULES ...... 77 APPENDIX II ...... 86 MESSAGE FROM MEL YOUNG ABOUT HOMELESS WORLD CUP ...... 86 APPENDIX III ...... 87 INTERVIEW WITH MEL YOUNG (THE FOUNDER OF HOMELESS WORLD CUP) ON 7TH JANUARY 2015 ...... 87 APPENDIX IV ...... 91 RECCOMENDATION LETTER TO INTERVIEW WITH RUMAH CEMARA ...... 91 APPENDIX V ...... 92 INTERVIEW WITH RUMAH CEMARA ON 7TH JANUARY 2015 ...... 92

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LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 1.1 Homeless World Cup Logo ...... 3

Figure 1.2. National Partner for Homeless World Cup, constructed by

Researcher ...... 6

Figure 2.1. FIFA Social Program ...... 30

Figure 4.1. The structure ...... 41

Figure 4.2. Homeless World Cup 2011 Logo ...... 53

Figure 4.3. Homeless World Cup 2012 Logo ...... 55

Figure 4.4. Homeless World Cup 2013 Logo ...... 57

Figure 4.5. Homeless World Cup 2014 Logo ...... 60

Figure 4.6. Indonesia Journey in Homeless World Cup, constructed by the researcher ...... 62

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I.1. Background of the Study

International Relations is a lesson that studies the relation between fellow social creatures. In the world of International Relations there are many actors who have a role in it. In the modern era the actors in International Relations keep increasing. Initially International Relations often connected with the relations between the state and government. Now there are many new actors who participated in International Relations. One of the actors who now have very important role in International Relations is people who want to participate by forming an assembly. The assembly usually called organizations.1 There are organizations that formed by government and there are also non-governmental organizations.2

Organizations themselves are critical units of investigation, absolutely in light of the fact that they tackle a life and character they could call their own. What is more those lives and characters, rising up out of the methodology of composed activity, ought to get immediate and basic perception. International Relations will be improved on the off chance that people give careful consideration to how advanced universal organizations develop and what they do in real life – to put it plainly, on the off chance that we give careful consideration to organizational performance. (Ness & Brechin, 1988, p. 270)3

Now many new organizations are present ranging from small organizations to large organization even with international standard. The

1International Relations and International Organization, a specialization of the Master International Relations, offers a comprehensive study in theory and practice. http://www.rug.nl/masters/international-relations-and-international-organization/?lang=en 2 International Organization: Theories and Institution. 2013, Barkin, J. Samuel. Page 1 3 Article: Theorizing International Organization: The Organization Turn in International Organization Theory. C. Ellis, David, US Department of Defense

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examples of international organizations that are followed by many Governments in the world are United Nations (UN), European Union (EU), North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC). The goal of every organization is different. International organizations have influenced the change of International Relations. Many organizations that had been form giving very important role. Some organizations move in the field of Health, Security, Social, Culture, and Law.

In general international organizations are based on multilateral treaties between at least two sovereign nation-states. The formation of an initially fairly loose bond among the participants is generally fortified by the development of more or less stringent institutional structures and organs to pursue certain more or less clearly defined common aims in the international arena. International Organizations can either have a global or a regional character, with the latter in general displaying a more centralized structure due to the limited number of regional state actors available. While many International Organizations are single issue organizations, others focus their attention on a multitude of issues. International Organizations can either be open to new members or consist of a closed system. On occasion International Organizations are established for certain duration as specified in their respective charters, but more often than no time restriction is applied.4

In addition to international organizations that deal with the Government there are also international organizations which is not related to the government but still runs the same work for a particular purpose. The non-governmental organizations are also usually engaged in such specific field such as religious, social, cultural, and health. At its core the goal of every organization wants to deliver prosperity and a better life for all people. They have each way in achieving its goals. Non-governmental organizations also divided into two. There is non-government organization with international scale where they move overall

4 http://www.americanforeignrelations.com/E-N/International-Organization-What-are- international-organizations.html

2 in the international community. The purpose is they want to help all people in many countries .While the second is the non-government organization in national level or in one state. National non-governmental organizations still able work with international non-governmental organizations.

One of the international non-governmental organizations that will be discussed and analyzed in this thesis is Homeless World Cup Organization. This organizations is move in the field of social by established football world cup tournament. The Homeless world cup is a network of 70 International Partner Organizations that use football tournament every year to improve the lives of homeless people throughout the world. This organization has a very unique way to help many people. Besides, football is also an entertainment for the crowd not only to participants. The participants or players that involved in the event held by this organization not only those who are homeless and poor but they also who is undergoing rehabilitate or victim of alcoholic beverages and drugs. As we know drugs have become public enemies by giving ill effects and damage health. Besides, they (Homeless World Cup organization committee) also invited them who are the victims of HIV/AIDS to participate in the tournament.

Figure 1.1. Homeless World Cup Logo

Source. Homeless World Cup Organization Public Data

The Homeless World Cup uses the power of football to energize homeless people so they can change their own lives. It supports grass-roots football

3 programs and social enterprise development via a network of 70 national partners and established it by organizing an annual football tournament that unites teams of homeless people from countries all around the world.

The Homeless World Cup was founded by Mel Young from and Harald Schmied from , who came up with the idea at a conference on homelessness, in in 2001. They both believed that it was possible to “change the lives of homeless people through football” and two years later in 2003, the first Homeless World Cup tournament took place in in Austria. Today, the main role of the organization is to coordinate the work of its 70 national partners by providing support and guidance in football and management skills, to help grow and develop sustainable programs which have a positive effect on the lives of homeless and excluded people all around the world.

At the annual Homeless World Cup tournament, the national partners come together to demonstrate how football has the power to change people's lives. The tournament also celebrates the year-round work of the organization and creates an opportunity for players to represent their country and meet and build relationships with homeless people from other countries. It also lights up the hearts and minds of everyone it touches and changes people's attitudes to homelessness. In all cities where the tournament is held, people who are homeless report improved relations with the public.5 The tournament had been held for twelve times in Austria (2003), (2004), Scotland (2005), (2006), (2007), (2008), (2009), (2010), (2011), (2012), (2013), and (2014)

This is the list of countries that have participated in Homeless World Cup:6 1. AFRICA REGION , , , , , , , South Africa, , ,

5 https://www.homelessworldcup.org/about 6 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/groups

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2. ASIA REGION , , , Indonesia, , , , , ,

3. OCEANIA REGION Australia

4. EUROPE REGION Austria, , Bosnia & Herzegovina, , , , Denmark, , , , , , , Ireland, Italy, , , , , , , Poland, , , , Scotland, , , , Sweden, , ,

5. NORTH AMERICA REGION , , , Mexico, of America

6. SOUTH AMERICA REGION , Brazil, Chile, , ,

Indonesia is one of Asia's representatives who join the programs of this non- governmental organization. Indonesia was first following the tournament in 2011. Partner linking Indonesia with the organization is Rumah Cemara. Rumah Cemara is a social national non-governmental organization which aims to increase the quality life of HIV/AIDS sufferers and drug addicts in Indonesia. Founded in 2003 by five former drugs addicts; Rumah Cemara is the network of people with HIV/AIDS and drugs addicts largest in West Java, Indonesia. Rumah Cemara has a purpose to solve the problem that becomes one of the biggest issue in Indonesia. Rumah Cemara founded in 2003 had the vision to make Indonesia without discrimination against persons with HIV/AIDS and a former addict and by this agenda they able to do their main agenda which is to reduce stigma in

5 society.7 While the Mission of Rumah Cemara is using peer approach to the creation of a better quality of life for people with HIV/AIDS and drug users in Indonesia.8 The funds for Rumah Cemara come from HCPI, GFATM-KPAN, GFATM-PKBI-Yayasan Kontak Indonesia, International Aids Alliance, Yayasan Spiritia, BNN, and from themselves.9

Homeless World Cup Rumah Cemara Indonesia Homeless People Organization

Figure 1.2. National Partner for Homeless World Cup, constructed by researcher Source: www.homelessworldcup.org

Rumah Cemara got first invitation to participate in the program of the Homeless World Cup in 2010. But due to the fund problems Rumah Cemara was not yet able to send some people to follow the tournament. The opportunity of Rumah Cemara open when one of the TV programs in Indonesia invited them so they can be associated with several donors and finally the Indonesia could send the representative in 2011. One of the biggest donors in 2011 is one of the major companies Indonesia namely Sido Muncul as much as IDR.150 million rupiah. It is increasingly stimulated other donors to provide funding. All the funds were come from private sponsors.10 One of the TV Program “Kick Andy” at first

7 Rizky, Kurniawan. 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 8 http://rumahcemara.org/about-us/ 9 http://www.pkni.org/keanggotaan/rumah-cemara/ 10 http://bola.viva.co.id/print_detail/printing/243169-profil-tim-indonesia-di-homeless-world-cup

6 wanted to explore the Rumah Cemara that has prepared some players to go to Paris for Homeless World Cup. The coming of the national television program is used as opportunities by Rumah Cemara to invite sponsors. And finally this is a door where Rumah Cemara increasingly popular especially in the endeavor to represent Indonesia in homeless football tournament so that invite sponsor to contribute funds. In the first year the representative of Indonesia in Homeless 11 World Cup did not get help at all from the government.

Joining the football tournament that held by Homeless World Cup organization is one of the effort supporting programs to help the homeless and they who are little less acceptable in society. Discrimination like this is a matter which is also faced by the world. Indonesia as the participant in the event has the intention to participate in the program. Seen from the members who have participated from developed countries even poor countries raise the necessary of simple things and applicative to provide a better life.

Homeless world cup organization has become one international organization that move in social field to help the government resolve problems world poverty or at least help the participants in the program to have a better life.12 In addition to participate, Indonesia will also try to gain achievements in international level. The international achievements would affect the opinion other countries to Indonesia. Each of the participating countries would have had a good relationship. In a humane the players would have stronger emotional because they comes from a similar background. Such thing like this that showed by Homeless World Cup Organization. One of the representatives from Indonesia in Homeless World Cup 2014, Akhmad Fauzi had been interviewed by the media. He said “Everyone has a chance to move on and have a chance to a new life”.13

11 Rizky, Kurniawan. 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 12 The Homeless World Cup is pioneering a level of effect never seen before. Over 70% of players significantly change their lives after taking part in the annual tournament and many more benefit throughout the year. http://www.homelessworldcup.org/how-we-help 13 Interviewed by Joyce Mak. http://www.homelessworldcup.org/news/the-emerald-of-a-new-life- 2

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I.2. Problem Identified

Indonesia has become one of the homeless world cup official participants since 2011 until the last tournament in Chile in 2014. As official participants Indonesia is still always have a problem when joined the tournament. Lack of the cost from Rumah Cemara when will send representatives there. Lack of funds and concern from the government has always been the main problem. It is feared will stop the Indonesian representatives to follow the program. Life changes felt by participant should be seen after attending the tournament.

Therefore it seems that seeing from the effort of homeless world cup organization actually they have a real effect. It is because the organization also supported by UEFA as the highest football authority in Europe. Some international athletes will also provide support. The issue of discrimination is also faced in international sports. Therefore, many of the sports promote “respect” between athletes and can be a good example for the people who watch it

The problem of poverty has been a tough discontinued world problem. Writer found that the role of social organization such as homeless world cup organization give a chance for better live for they who are homeless. They who are usually discriminated were the homeless, the drugs addict, the HIV/AIDS victim, and they who live in poverty. This organization uses interesting and entertains ways. A real action like this is really necessary. Besides real, this action is also very applicative and directly influential for the discriminated people. In this program homeless has a chance to represent their country and make many people proud.

Similar problems also occurred in Indonesia. Poverty problem currently is becoming a burden development in Indonesia. Because of that the role of Indonesian government and residents in order to overcome these problems certainly be done together to reduce social inequality, the homeless is a poverty pocket that live in the cities and this is because economic and living needs factor increasingly urgent. Homeless in Indonesia according to Data and Information

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Center (Pusdatin) from ministry of social after last five years in 2007 is 61.090 and in 2011, there were 194.908 or rise 17 %.14 The Ministry of Social continues to make a concerted effort in reducing the homeless population by programmatic and ongoing implemented together with the relevant parties in cross-function and cross-cutting regulatory compliance legislation. The supervision toward handling the problem of homeless must be done by activities that are implemented in an integrated, programmatic, and continuous.15

Seeing from that situation the Ministry of Social should be able to work together with the Ministry of Youth and Sports to support the homeless to join the program that held by homeless world cup organization. But unfortunately based on data Rumah Cemara strives to collect funds and to deliver Indonesia’s representative in the tournament. The government of Indonesia give very less attention and usually use a hard way while there is more much easy way. The Indonesian government should be more sensitive to the applicative way that will provide positive effect to the people.

In 2011, when Rumah Cemara for the first time send Indonesia’s representative they have to struggle to get funds. They have to beg to many government agency to gain the support. Although eventually the Ministry of Sports and Youth giving some supports but, for the level of government support is seen is not optimal yet. The lack of support from the government becomes major problems. Annually when Indonesia want to join the tournament the similar problem always happen and become the major problem.

The disorder in internal of Ministry of Sports and Youth further complicate Rumah Cemara as National Partner to send homeless people as Indonesia’s representative. In 2012 Rumah Cemara did fundraising for join the tournament. If only the government be more sensitive actually following the program of homeless world cup organization is Indonesia attempt to stop discrimination and provide a better life for homeless. Ministry of Health, Ministry

14 http://rehsos.kemsos.go.id/modules.php?name=News&file=categories&op=newindex&catid=1 15 Ibid

9 of Social, and Ministry of Sports and Youth can actually cooperating to support the programs.

But the irrational thing is when the representative of Indonesia is going to be sending to follow the tournament, and then the government appears as the main support. In fact, one of the Indonesian players said “I want to change. Home to Indonesia this means that there are changes from the past. We want more attention from the government. We want a job”, the release of Homeless World Cup team to participate in 2014 in Chile by Bandung mayor, Ridwan Kamil.16 This is a very irony fact. Shame has now disappeared from government agencies and governments are no longer showing sensitiveness

The role of government can be seen only when the 2014 homeless world cup by providing the trip tickets to every players and officials. But somehow that is just symbolized as Indonesia to only join the football tournament itself not to really participating in solves the issue of poverty. Whereas when Homeless World Cup established for the first time they have unite more than 300.000 people who have the problem related to homeless and they who socially marginalized.17

The common people also are the effect on the development of social life. Indonesia is still a new member in Homeless World Cup so public awareness of Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup is still lack. In Indonesia there are so many people who do not know information about the football tournament played by the homeless. The awareness of society to reduce the stigma toward marginal people supposed to be done in the simple things like Homeless World Cup organization did.

Researcher founded lack of concern and attention from Indonesian government and people regarding the participation of Indonesia in Homeless World Cup become the biggest problem. Researcher identified government and society must give support to Indonesia participation in international event such

16 http://m.inilah.com/read/detail/2145308/kapten-timnas-hwc-minta-pengakuan-pemerintah 17http://www.achillesradial.com/en/news/indonesian-team-dominates-g-group-in-homeless-world- cup-2013

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Homeless World Cup do. The understanding must be rise to highlight and support people participation in sport activities such as Homeless World Cup.

I.3. Statement of the Problem

It required some ways to elaborate the purpose of research. There must be considerable focus to make this research in god analyzed framework. Here will be raised some questions to guide the research. The research must be connected to any International Relations studies. It explains about how people in the world try to make a better life for homeless people for social action. And the biggest problem here is people forget the simple things to help other people. The condition also becomes worse where Indonesia government did not give more sensitiveness in this situation. Based on statement abovethe research questions of the research are: 1. What did Homeless world Cup mean for Indonesia during period 2011 – 2014? 2. Why Indonesian need to participate in Homeless World Cup Organization?

I.4. Research Objectives

In running this research will do three ways to get the research objective. The ways are by investigation, review, and the last is analysis. The aim is to know how far Indonesian participation in giving a bigger chance to homeless people to have better live. Here will put some data related to the topic. The writer will share the information that will make this thesis more to the point. Some interviewed result from ex-players that had played in the Homeless World Cup will also provide here. There are some researches from Homeless World Cup Organization about the way haw their program help homeless people to have

11 better life. The information and data will also being used and observed by investigation, review, and analysis.

Based on Oxford dictionary investigation is to complete a precise or formal request to find and analyze the realities of (an incident, allegation, etc.) so as to establish the truth. Make inquiries as to the character, activities, or background of someone. It also carries out research or study into (a subject or problem, typically one in a scientific or academic field)18. After do some investigation the writer will try to reviewing the data overall. According Free Dictionary, review is to look over, study, or examine again with criticism for correction.19 In this review it is necessary accurate data and good carefulness. The next step is to do analyze the whole data that had been investigated and reviewed. It is unraveling of a basic problem of various parts and well augur and the relations between each part to acquire exact and whole understanding. According to oxford dictionary analysis is detailed examination of the elements or structure of something, typically as a basis for discussion or interpretation.20 Hence, the research objectives of this thesis are: • To describe Indonesia participation in Homeless World Cup Organization in order to help homeless people • To describe and analyze Indonesian perspective on Homeless World Cup Organization and their social purpose to give a better life to homeless people • To explain Indonesia achievements in Homeless World Cup Organization in 2011-2014

I.5. Significant of the Study

• To provide information about Homeless World Cup Organization as one of International Organization that move in social field and how far Indonesia government support Homeless World Cup Organization.

18 http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/investigate 19 http://www.thefreedictionary.com/review 20 http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/analysis

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• Provide the report from Homeless World Cup Organization about their programs. • Provide the evaluation of Indonesia participation in Homeless World Cup Organization. • Explain the problem that faced by Indonesia regarding joining International Organization. • Explain Indonesia challenge to participate in Homeless World Cup Organization.

I.6. Theoretical Framework

There are several theories required to lead writer research and analyst about the topic on this thesis. As one way for Indonesia to have cooperation with other countries and international organizations, Indonesia needs to join them to know closer. International organizations are never out of the study of International Relations. This evidence has been shown by many international organizations either owned by the government from various countries and nongovernmental organization established.

I.6.1 International Organization Theory

The main theory will be used here is International Organization theory. Understanding and the purpose of international organizations will be explained to understand more detail about this theory. The use of this theory because topic related to one of the international organization as research material and also will be connected with the homeless world cup organization as main actor of international organizations in this thesis topic.

According to Samuel J. Barkin (2013) as figure of the study of International Relations explained that the international organization of international relations is a form or structure which crosses the limits of many

13 countries by having the structure in a clear and complete assembly. An international organization expected or projected to provide a sustainable and run a function transformed to reach every purpose and agreement when the organization formed between the government with government or non- government with fellow group in different countries. Formal international organization is the institutional structure that goes beyond national boundaries created by multilateral agreements between the states or a special group. The purpose is to promote international cooperation in certain areas, such as in security, trade, investments, and humanity.21

Homeless world cup organization itself is part of non-governmental organization because formed by a specific group. But as international organization, homeless world cup organization also works together with many countries. The effort of the homeless world cup organization to cooperate with countries or other organization received enough support for the purpose of those who move in the field of social. Homeless world cup organization wanted to help the homeless people by inviting them to join world football tournament that held every year in.

I.6.2 Constructivism Theory

The second theory is Constructivism theory. In Emanuel Adler’s definition, constructivism refer views to see that there is a pattern in which the material world basically formed by human action and human interaction that depends on interpretation to the material world which is certainly differed between of men to one from other human beings because of differences in the background as normative and epistemic. As a broad outline focus carried by constructivism was the explanation about the interaction between the structure and the agency in international politics that focuses on the role of the idea, to withdraw the norms and institutions foreign policy, debate between the identity

21 Barkin, J. Samuel. International Organization: Theories and Institution. Page 1

14 and culture in international politics, and on the roles of interest in the policy- making. This explains that in the world of International Relation, the actors that have role in are moving wider. Not only countries, the actors outside the countries or even non-governmental cat put themselves as actors in International Relation, start from individual, NGO (Non-Governmental Organization), until MNC (Multi National Corporation).22

Homeless world cup has become one example of a non-governmental organization actor who appeared from the idea in giving better in social life to many people. The way is by using sport or football which is very applicative to invite people attention. With the previous data of Homeless World Cup that has improved the lives of 70% of the participants that joined the program has become the proof. Co-operation of many countries with Homeless World Cup indirectly actually has shown that countries had given some hope in the program. Besides, every country that had held the tournament once a year changed to be more respect to homeless people, for example is what happened in Chile in 2014. These are people who want change from a condition and simple applicative besides giving amusement.

I.7. Scope and Limitations of the Study

To determine the scope and limitations of this research writer has established and arranged specially for time period, data, and actors that involve in it. Overall, the scope and limitation of this research contain some actors that related to the topic. The time period will determine when Indonesia join and participated for the first time the organization that located in Scotland.

Explanation will be more focused since 2011 when Indonesia first joined in program of homeless world cup organization until the last tournament in Chile in 2014. It was about the process of how Indonesia finally participates or even

22 Adler, Emanuel. 2002. Constructivism and International Relations. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.

15 received an invitation in a year earlier. Research is focused on the last four years will be coupled with little story of the organization as complementary.

Some of the actor will also put to furnish this research. The actors are homeless world cup organization committee, some countries that participated, state organizers, the Indonesian government, the players from Indonesia, and Rumah Cemara as national partners of Indonesia to homeless world cup organization. A little additional are some of the same purpose between the homeless world cup organization and Indonesian government in solving the problem of homeless and marginal people. Some data will be very connected with these issues.

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CHAPTER II

LITERATURE REVIEW

In this chapter will be identified on several subjects of similar on International Non-government Organization moving in the fields that almost the same with the Homeless World Cup. It also will be explained one of the real influence of Homeless World Cup in Chile as one of the state had been the host.

II.1 Non-Governmental Organizations in World Politics

The book as the source put concern on telling about NGO that would cover all social political activities of all people. It also covers the relationship between NGO with each other and with government when they are seeking to influence global political decisions. To define a non-governmental organization is to take a political position, either explicitly or implicitly. NGO cannot separate from movement, because some of their activities are contributions to movements. They are less; because many NGOs will be smaller inside and more specialized in their concerns than a movement. For example, Birdlife International is only part of the environmental movement. On the other hand, they are more, because some individual NGOs and the NGO community as a whole cover a wider range of issues than a single movement. For example, the Woman’s Environment and Development Organizations (WEDO) covers at least three movements: 1. Woman’s right 2. Environment 3. Development

In addition, the biggest NGOs may cover a larger proportion of society than small movement. At time, NGOs are seen as being limited to very formal,

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bureaucratic organization that are complicit in maintaining the existing order, rather than offering a fundamental challenge to it.23

The hostility of activists in radical movements toward their own image of NGOs sometimes can be intense. The role of NGOs within movements is fundamental. Tarrow makes the crucial point, he said “Although it is individuals who decide whether or not to take up collective action, it is in their face to face groups, their social networks and their institutions that collective action is most often activated and sustained.”24

In other words, NGOs cannot be contrasted and separated from social movements. NGOs provide the leadership and communications structures that enable movement to be mobilized. Friends of the earth, Greenpeace, the World Wide Fund for Nature, Birdlife International, the World Resources Institute, and other similar groups are each simultaneously effective NGOs and parts of the wider environmental movement. A social movement consists of a network of NGO employees and activists, who articulate a set of common values and common policies that challenge the dominant social norms and official policy in a particular issue-area, plus the members or active supporters of those NGOs, plus members of the general public who to some extent identify with those NGOs and take some form of personal action to generate social change.

Rumah Cemara is a national Non-governmental Organization that moves in supporting people with social problem and also the partner of Indonesia with Homeless World Cup organization.25 This is done by sending Indonesia’s representative for the first time in a program held in 2011. As explained Rumah Cemara has a common purpose with Homeless World Cup Organization namely providing a better life to people who are need a life better. As NGO that move in the fields of social Homeless World Cup Organization really help other countries

23 See for example, Andre Drainville, “Qubec City 2001 and the Making of Transnational Subjects,” in The Global Resistance Reader, ed. Amoore 169; Emir Sader, “Beyond Civil Society,” in A Movement of Movements, ed. Mertes, 253-255; and Immanuel Wallerstein, “New Revolts Against the System,” in A Movement of Movements, ed. Mertes, 269-270 24 Sidney G. Tarrow, Power in Movement, 1994 Page 21 25 http://rumahcemara.org/about-us/

18 to reduce poverty by a unique way, entertaining, and applicative. This is an example the part of NGOs in essence want to fix the lives of many people. Although Homeless World Cup has been 13 years old but its effect can be felt and viewed.

II.1.1 Homeless World Cup Organization

Homeless World Cup organization is a social organization which advocates the end of homelessness through the sport of (or soccer). The organization puts together an annual football tournament where teams of homeless people from each country compete. The Homeless World Cup organization was co-founded by Mel Young and Harald Schmied in 2001 to advocate for a global solution to homelessness. The first annual football tournament for homeless people took place in 2003 in Graz, Austria. Host cities since then have included (Sweden), (Scotland), (Denmark), Cape Town (South Africa), (Australia), (Italy), (Brazil), Paris (France), (Mexico), Poznań (Poland),and Chile while (Holland) will host the 2015 edition. The international headquarters of the Homeless World Cup is in the South Stand of Hibernian FC's Easter Road stadium in Leith, Scotland.26 Mel young who currently serves as president of the Homeless World Cup organization is also a social entrepreneur which is basically has objective to reduce poverty.27

26 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/groups 27 Mel Young, 53, is recognized as one of the world’s leading social entrepreneurs by the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship. In 1993 he co-founded The Big Issue in Scotland, with Tricia Hughes. The weekly magazine is sold by homeless people in the streets of Scotland and now has a circulation of 40,000. With the success of The Big Issue in Scotland, he helped set up the International Network of Street Papers, a global network of over sixty street papers sold in every continent, of which he is Honorary President. The combined annual circulation of these papers is over 30 million helping 100,000 homeless or long-term unemployed people throughout the world every year. Previously he worked as a journalist; co-founded The Big Issue in Scotland in 1993; co-founded Senscot (Social Entrepreneurs Network Scotland); former President and Honorary President of INSP (International Network of Street Papers); also set up City Lynx magazine and New Consumer Magazine; worked on a community newspaper in Wester Hailes in Edinburgh in 1990’s. http://www.changemakers.com/users/mel-young

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While Harald Schmied who studied History and German and worked as a journalist before becoming chief-editor of Megaphon, a street paper in Graz, Austria. A co-founder of the Homeless World Cup in 2003, Schmied worked as Chief Executive for the second tournament in Gothenburg, Sweden, in 2004. He then moved on to become Head of PR and Fundraising for Caritas Styria and has been awarded the Styrian Human Rights Prize.

II.2 Constructivism According to Emanuel Adler

Constructivism allude perspectives to see that there is an example in which the material world fundamentally structured by human activity and human collaboration that relies on upon elucidation to the material world which is positively varied between of men to one from other people in light of contrasts out of sight as normative and epistemic. Constructivism possess the space between independent of rationalism, which means there's stress on individual subject and comprehensive quality of structuralism, that spotlights on all parts of world political, so constructivism point of view essentially is halfway in the middle of rationalism and reflectivism. As a wide layout center conveyed by constructivism was the clarification about the collaboration between the structure and the organization in universal politics that spotlights on the part of the thought, to withdraw the standards and foundations outside policy, banter between the character and society in worldwide politics, and on the parts of enthusiasm for the policy-making. (Emmanuel Adler)

Constructivism appears as a middle way or sharp bridge differences between theories rationalist as neorealism and neoliberal reflectivist as postmodernism with feminism theory and critical theory. Constructivism seem to give a view that social reality to be seen as a characteristically there independent from anyone else and autonomous of collaboration and oppositely cannot additionally saw as something or nothing and just seen as human reflection ideas. A suspicion that is generally unique in the perspective of the constructivist can

20 basically united in one shared belief that is by the contention that social truth is not so much the given nor will completely nothing. Constructivist see reality of this world as something focused around the proof that is material could be captured or not by faculties however these realities not lead or does not detail how humans sees the truth of social. Despite what might be expected reality social according to constructivist is the result human constructions or social construction.

From the categorization then can be cleared that basically constructivism has four basic principles which are:

a) Act to offering need to ideational elements. Constructivist decline predominant hypotheses in International connection which put overabundance material components, in which it causes in the speculations of the state neglected to clarify the conduct in the global framework. As indicated by constructivist, standards are self-sufficient and the standard of structure and focus the conduct of the state in the universal framework. The standard serves to administrative as well as more than that constitutive the conduct of the state. b) The interests of agent based or determined by the construction of their identity formed in social interaction through.

c) Communication between actor and moral norms will determine next of the behaviors the actor would tend to actor pretending to conformity with the norm on common.

d) The importance of international historical change. The identity change agent will change in line with international structure.

II.3 Program of Homeless Empowerment

Homeless are people who do not have place to stay or home. Homeless has become part of poverty that is one of the biggest problems in international world.

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Homeless are the example of inequality of prosperity in the world. Here is the number of homeless people that found by Homeless World Cup Organization from the participants:28 1. Worldwide An estimated 100 million people are homeless worldwide.

2. Europe An estimated 3 million people are homeless in Europe.

3. Argentina An estimated 15,000 people are homeless in Buenos Aires and an estimated 4,500 children are homeless in Buenos Aires.

4. Australia 100,000 individuals sleep on the street of Australia consistently and assessed 105,000 individuals are homeless in Australia. More or less 44% of vagrants in Australia are female and 12% of vagrants in Australia are children under the age of 12.

5. Austria It is estimated that more than 2000 people sleep rough every night in Austria and approximately 12,000 people are accommodated by homeless facilities in Austria.

6. Belgium An estimated 1,200 people are homeless in Brussels.

7. Brazil In Brazil, there is a deficit of 6.6 Million lodging units, meeting 20 million vagrants, who live in favelas, imparted clandestine rooms,

28 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/content/homelessness-statistics

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cabins or under extensions and viaducts, or are squatters, in a portion of the nation's biggest urban communities. An expected 2,500 individuals are homeless in Rio de Janiero and 10,000 individuals rest unpleasant in Sao Paulo. 50% of the number of inhabitants in Sao Paulo exists in casual safe house.

8. Canada Supporting Canada's homeless populace costs Canadian Tax Payers CAD $6 billion a year. Women and Children are the quickest developing gathering of the individuals who are homeless in Canada. There are 6,100 vagrants in Ontario and 3,365 vagrants in Quebec. There are 200,000 Homeless individuals in Canada.

9. Columbia There are an estimated 9,654,722 homeless people in Columbia.

10. Croatia An estimated 2,285 people are displaced as a result of conflict in Croatia.

11. Finland An estimated 7,600 people are homeless in Finland and approximately half of homeless people in Finland live in the Greater Helsinki area.

12. France An estimated 1 million people are homeless in France and 100,000 people live on the streets in France.

13. Germany An estimated 254,000 people are homeless in Germany. Approximately 25% are women and approximately 11% are children and young people.

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14. Greece has risen from 17,000 in 2009 to 20,000 in 2010. An estimated 9,000 people are homeless in Athens.

15. Hong Kong 52.7% of homeless people are aged 49 or over in Hong Kong. 18% of homeless people have not received a formal education in Hong Kong.

16. Hungary Approximately 10,000 people are homeless in Budapest.

17. India In 2003, there were 78 million homeless people in India. India is home to 63% of all slum dwellers in South Asia.

18. Indonesia There are 3,000,000 homeless people in Indonesia. An estimated 28,364 people are homeless in Jakarta.

19. Ireland An estimated 2366 people are homeless in every night.

20. Italy An estimated 7,000 people are homeless in Rome. Italy has no official, legal definition of homelessness but an estimated 17,000 people are homeless in Italy.

21. Ivory Coast An estimated 40,000 people are homeless in the western Ivory Coast

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22. Japan An estimated 25,296 people are homeless in Japan while 5,000 people are homeless in Tokyo.

23. Lithuania There are 1,250 homeless people in Lithuania.

24. Malawi An estimated 90% of Malawi’s urban population lives under slum conditions.

25. Mexico In Mexico City an estimated 40% of people live in informal housing.

26. Namibia More than 70,000 people live in shack settlements in Namibia.

27. Netherlands An estimated 30,000 people are homeless in the Netherlands.

28. Nigeria By 2015, there will be an estimated homeless population of 24.4 million people in Nigeria.

29. Palestine An estimated 24,145 Palestinian homes have been demolished in the Occupied Territories since 1967.

30. Philippines 32.8million, 40% of the population in Philippines, live in slums. An estimated 1,200,000 children live on the streets in the Philippines.

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31. Portugal Most homeless people live in metropolitan areas such as Lisbon and Porto.

32. Russia An estimated 5 million people are homeless in Russia while 1 million children are homeless in Russia. Approximately 3.4% of the population is homeless.

33. Scotland 40,123 homeless applications accepted in 2008 - 2009. More than 50% are asked to leave their accommodation following domestic issues.

34. Spain An estimated 39,654 people are homeless in Spain and 6,190 sleep on the streets.

35. Sweden Around 17,800 people are homeless in Sweden.

36. United Kingdom The UK has one of the largest amounts of homelessness in Europe with more than 4 individuals every 1,000 evaluated to be homeless. The normal future of a Homeless Person in the UK is 42 years, analyzed to the national normal of 74 for men and 79 for women. This is lower than the future of or the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In the UK there are 10,459 harsh sleepers and 98,750 families in brief convenience. Homelessness costs London £38.9 million a year in lost financial development and expenses to its equity and social insurance groups, and a much higher toll in human lives. The assessed expense for one vagrant in the UK to be given convenience and other help administrations is £15,000 every year. Measurements show that 63% of

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vagrants in the UK have encountered abusive behavior at home and 40% have been sexually abuse.

37. USA Assessed homeless figures in the United States range from 600,000 to 2.5 million. 1.37 million of the aggregate homeless populace in USA are youngsters less than 18 years old. 40% are families with kids, 41% are single males, and 14% are single females. Research by Dennis Culhane, University of Pennsylvania, emulated a large number of vagrants in New York and each of them utilized a normal of $40,000 a year openly administrations, for example, expanded medicinal services.

38. Wales An estimated 1,475 households are homeless in Wales.

As a problem that currently is facing in the world, the problem of homeless make many parties are trying to help. There are even some special UN bodies moving in the fields of social and one of the goals is to help poor people.29 Many programs conducted even by forming an organization and one example as Homeless World Cup.

Rumah Cemara is one example of Indonesian organization who tries to help homeless particularly in Indonesia. In order to reach common people, a concert, the cypress soccer tournament, and giving testimonials to bring to public awareness and education concerning drug addiction and HIV/AIDS. Besides, the Rumah Cemara having mobile health clinics that provides for the basic health care field for more than 100 areas. 4.300 people living in rural areas without access to public health center and hospital. Through these interventions, the program aim to reduce the stigma and discrimination that targeted the homeless,

29 http://www.undp.org/content/undp/en/home/operations/about_us.html. Since 1966 UNDP accomplices with individuals at all levels of society to help countries that can withstand emergency, drive, and maintain the sort of development that enhances the personal satisfaction for everybody.

27 to prove that they are members of societies that is valuable, and part of the solution to overcome homeless. Even the homeless people can be as educator, an education medic, and community leaders to help people who have social problem.30

II.4 FIFA as the Highest International Football Association (NGO) in Supporting Social Life

Football International Association or FIFA is an affiliation administered by Swiss law established in 1904 and situated in Zurich. It has 209 party affiliations and its objective, cherished in its Statutes, is the consistent change of football. FIFA utilizes almost 310 individuals from in excess of 35 countries and is composed of a Congress (legislative body), Executive Committee (executive body), General Secretariat (administrative body) and committees (assisting the Executive Committee).31

One of FIFA biggest program is the World Cup that held every four years. This event always held in different countries. This one of the biggest events is not only influence in sport world but also influence in economy, social, culture, even politic. World Cup reputed as the most absorbing fund tournament to hold. Many different facilities like stadiums, practice place, national team headquarters, transportation, and accommodation become requirement to be prepared by the country host. That large expenditure not automatically makes the countries not willing to host the event. Many countries want to compete with other countries to host world cup. It seems that not only expenditure which seen by the host, but a pride and history if managed to hold the world cup. Like in the 2010 world cup in South Africa, before everybody thinks South Africa will not succeed to host the 2010 world cup. Economically, South Africa is not capable of implementing the tournament of the world cup. People though that the expenditure spent by the

30 Rizky, Kurniawan. 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 31 http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/index.html

28 government of South Africa is considering too much because the people of South Africa is still below the poverty line.32 The government of South Africa spend the expenditure 40 billion Rand or 42,5 trillion IDR for stadiums, infrastructure, transportation, and fixing the airport. Even though they spend a lot of money, but after that the effect can be get by the people.33

Data from one of world public accountant KPMG tell that during world cup tournament held capable of being contributed around 0.5 % gross domestic product (GDP) of South Africa. World cup was also able to lift economic growth by 4 - 6 % quarterly in the country. The level of tourism was also increased by 20 percent, higher than usual day in that year. The increasing also occurs in the food and beverage industry rising 10.4 % compare with 2009. Restaurant by 14,4 %, food seller by 9 %, bar by 20,5 %, retail 7,4 %, and other income about 28,5 %. World cup also pulling more than 1,4 million visitors during the tournament.34 Meanwhile in the world cup 2006 in German, was able to increase the GDP by 0,2 % and pulled 2 – 3 million visitors to German. The cost of expenditure for world cup 2006 in German is 3,5 Billion Euro or 55 Trillion IDR.35

The other effect is the increasing small sale sectors such as knick knacks, the food industry, and accessories in the world cup in Brazil. The tourism sector was also affected by the visitors staying in some hotels Brazil. Ahead of the world cup 2014, price of the hotel in Rio de Janeiro overall average 1.077 Reais or 1.5 million IDR per night, has increased 100 percent. The government has targeted Brazil about three million domestic tourists and 600 thousand foreign tourists. In terms of ticket sales for march 13 world cup 2014, overall the number of tickets sold as many as 2,5 million tickets while 2,3 million have been sold in the first phase.36

32 http://www.republika.co.id/berita/piala-dunia/kata-mereka/14/03/25/n2zdwo-piala-dunia-dari- sisi-ekonomi 33 Ibid 34 Ibid 35 Ibid 36 Ibid

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This is proving that sport has become one of instrument in International Relations. FIFA has big responsibilities by keeping the football to always give positive effect. The government of the countries could ask FIFA to work together to perform a diplomacy activity. Especially the influence of the sport of football is very high in human culture. See of this event then can we find out that Homeless World Cup is a miniature FIFA but not just for sport but also to provide changes of social to be better.

As a sport organization, FIFA also supporting social movements with promoting respect especially between sportsmen. This “respect” program is one way to respect differences and avoid discrimination. Because football is watched by many people the actors and behaviors in football can be seen and being exampled. Football itself also is one major entertainment in Indonesia. By watching everything that happening in football surely Indonesian people will take the positive side such as respecting other people that shown by football player. This can we relate with the discrimination problem that faced by homeless people.

Figure 2.1. FIFA Social Program, based FIFA Public Data

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FIFA discipline commission chairman, Claudio Sulser, declared war against a racist action happened in the world football lately. He stressed ready give penalty for any party who performs the action no exception the supporters and the players.37 FIFA alone very support and give attention to Homeless World Cup. FIFA send a deputy to visit each tournament. Usually FIFA send their representative some famous football players and bring World Cup trophy like what they did in 2009 in Milan. This of course will increase public interest to watch and supports the homeless world cup.38

37 http://bola.metrotvnews.com/read/2014/11/04/314352/komdis-fifa-serius-tuntaskan-rasis- dalam-sepak-bola 38 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/news/the-fifa-world-cup-trophy-arrives-in-milan

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CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

III.1 Research Method

This research will use a method of the qualitative research because of the limited number of data and variable indicator to answer questions from this research. In addition the qualitative research was also influenced by Weberian naturalistic-interpretative paradigm, perspective post-positivistic a group of critical theory and post-modernism as developed by Baudrillard, Lyotard, and Derrida (Cresswell, 1994).

Qualitative research also deals with the idea, perception, opinion, and actor that involved in the research. Those things would not be measured with the solid value of the number due to the situation that influenced by condition and always change. Looking from the main problems in this research discussing about NGOs and social movement, the qualitative method is conducted to achieve whole image of matter depending on human’s perception observed.

III.2 Qualitative Approach

Qualitative approach is a common thought in working on a research study that is qualitative. Qualitative research is constructing the reality and trying to understand the meaning. Qualitative research usually has attention to the process, events, and authenticity. It is qualitative research in the presence of the value of researchers is explicit in a situation which is limited, involving the subject with the number of relatively little. Thus, this common thing is done with analysis of

32 the thematic. Qualitative research method will engage in interactions with that reality is being researched.39 In this research method the researcher will serve as gatherers and connecter which is required to be able to analyze all this data on observing that deals with issues that being discussed. Data collecting did by collecting the reading that contains information about this research. Besides understanding, researchers also must able to analyze every interaction on the events that being explored. The researchers do the analysis of data to enrich the way, for connection, compare, and discover patterns based on the data from the original. The exposition of the results of an analysis of the situation is out of narrative description. Exploring the meaning of data generally is to answer questions why and how a phenomenon occurs.

Based on given data above, a qualitative approach is the most suitable approach for this research because Non-governmental Organization always associated with the interaction of fellow human and social activity. It was influenced by another factor such as economic, political, culture, and the environment. In the Homeless World Cup participants are those who are homeless that deals with poverty and economic issues. In addition another factor that happened in Indonesia where every time would send the players to follow such international event is always experienced a problem of funds and lack of government support. Some things would not be able explained by the number of static because of changeable conditions.

Qualitative research help researcher to review and analyze all forms of events associated with fellow human interaction in an effort of Homeless World Cup to help homeless people having lived more worthy. The world economic factor that happened will affect the number of homeless. In the problem often there is information that did not known many people that it becomes the duty of researchers to how to process data and information collected and used as information against the people. Interaction between human beings in Homeless

39 David Jary and Julia Jary, Dictionary of Sociology, (: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991), page 513.

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World Cup not only occur between players who become a participant but the effect will also experience by people who watching. The interaction will bring up a views and opinions in any one who witness especially views and opinions the general public towards the homeless. Such process will try to reviewed, investigated, and analysis.

III.3 Research Time and Place

The materials and information of this research is researched through the period and the scene. Can be started from South Africa where first Mel Young told to establish Homeless World Cup Organization in 2001. After that in 2003 for the first time homeless world cup organization made the tournament which means if counted to the latest in 2014 the tournament has entered 11 years. The Information about what happened in those 11 years would be collected and processed and also analyzed to answer the research question.

The tournament held every year in different countries that have existed 11 countries that become the host. Every country that has been described above have different culture and ethnicity but because there is guidance such as Homeless World Cup Organization and they have the same purpose. Qualitative research would help to understand all processes occurring.

Besides the countries that had become the host researcher also going to try to analyze the situation in Indonesia that deals with the research. There are many situations that occurred in Indonesia if connected with the research. Indonesia joined in 2011 for the first time this means that Indonesia has officially become a member of the participation in the tournament. Besides the situations, will also a lot of interaction that occurs. The process such as why Indonesia join and how is the process so that Indonesia finally can participate will be processed through a method of qualitative so that can be acquired information and main conclusion.

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III.4 Case Study

The purpose of this study is to find out the purposes and goals to participate in Homeless World Cup Organization 2011-2014 to overcome poverty issue in Indonesia and why Indonesian government and civil society organization need to participate in Homeless World Cup Organization. This case study will use all data that collected will form an explanation that containing information and the result of research. The case study is also useful to guide a research to produce observation and data processing.

A case study is a research method involving a detailed investigation of a single individual or a single organized group, used extensively in clinical psychology and also, though less often, in other branches of the discipline. Case studies may be prospective or in which criteria are established and cases fitting the criteria are included as they become available and retrospective or in which criteria are established for selecting cases from historical records for inclusion in the study. Case study is also an empirical inquiry that investigates phenomenon in real life context, in which the bounds between phenomenon and context does not appear firmly and in which multi sources of evidence are benefited. Case study research is more than simply conducting research on a single individual or situation. This approach has the potential to deal with simple through complex situations. It enables the researcher to answer “what” and “why” type questions, while taking into consideration how a phenomenon is influenced by the context within which it is situated.40

The Case study in this research is explained more in about a non- governmental organization that moving in the field of social movement as Homeless World Cup. By inviting homeless to participate will be more associated with the problems of poverty in the world. Besides, Indonesia as one of the participants also will be described as far as what a given effect by the NGO especially in reducing the number of homeless in Indonesia. As a developing

40 Robert K. Yin. Case Study Research: Design and Methods. Fourth Edition.SAGE Publications.California, 2009.

35 country, homeless issue is concerned as a poverty problem in Indonesia. Those things that explain why actually participates in the homeless world cup it would help Indonesia. Some of the things will be explained through processing of data collection that obtained by the researcher. A case study will also enable researcher to explore the phenomenon from diverse perspective.

III.5 Research Instrument

In doing this research the researcher will give attention the way to use the measurement to find the right instrument, namely in the form validate and reality tested to get the data valid and reasonable. Testing results will be considered valid and reliable if there are similarities in the collected data with actual data between on object examined. For example if the object is “one”, and the collected data is “two” then the result is not valid. A result will be valid if have similarities between object and data that collected in different period of time, for example, if the past object is “one”, the present and future object will also be “one”. Instruments will valid if the collection and processing of data done in the right way. Valid instrument is the instrument that used to measure what should be measured. In science, valid scales can be used to measure mass but it will not be valid to measure weight. Meanwhile reliable instrument is the instrument that can be used several times to measure the same object and will giving the same data. (Sugiyono, 2010)

In the research instruments must be valid and reliable to get valid and reliable result, however this does not mean that using valid and reliable instrument will give valid and reliable result too. The results still depend on the condition and object that being researched and also the ability of researcher using the instruments when collecting data. This is part of qualitative research method.

Validity is degrees exactness between data contained in the field and data reported by researchers. There are two sorts of validity which are validity internal and external validity. Validity internal is pertaining to the degree of accuracy

36 between design research and achievement. If design research designed to scrutinize employees ethos work data obtained should be accurate. The research will be invalid if found work is motivation employees. With regard to external validity own degree of accuracy, able or whereabouts of research generalized or applied to the population those samples taken place. If a representative sample, a valid reliable, and research a collect and analyze the data do in the right way, research will have validity external high while reliabilities are pertaining to a degree of consistency and stability data and findings.41

Examination of the validity of the data is based on certain criteria. The criteria it consists of the degree of trust or credibility, changing, dependence, and certainty. Each of the criteria is testing using a technique. The criteria of the degree of trust examination of the data done with the participation of the extension of technique, the persistence of observation, triangulation, checks, peers or discussion, sufficiency referential, the study negative cases, and check members. Dependence criteria and the certainty of inspection carried out with auditing techniques.

III.6 Data Collection

In a qualitative research, the quality of the research is actually depends on the quality and completeness of the collection the data. This research use the formula of 5W + 1H or What, Why, Who, When, Where, and How questions. In this research, the data are collected by the researcher by using library research technique. The researcher collects the data from the literature relating to the issue and case study then processing and analyzing those data. The literatures are interview, books, document, newspaper, news, journal, and internet sites or report that relating to the issue. Then the researcher will research the data.

41 Sanapiah Faisal, Metodologi Penelitian Pendidikan, (Surabaya, USAHA NASIONAL, 1982), Page 81

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CHAPTER IV

Securing Homeless People: Indonesia Involvement in Homeless World Cup Organization (2011 – 2014)

IV.1 Background

Sports, especially football has entered a new era where can be used as a tool of diplomacy or also an instrument to build a relation by a country. Through football a country can make football as a tool to build a relationship of G to G or Government to Government. The role of football can also build a relationship between P to P or people to people.42 Football is a sport that gives a spectacle or entertainment for all circles of society. Different with some other sports, football can be performed by all circles of society. This can be related equality in humanity. Each country including Indonesia has national football team. Although football achievements of Indonesia is not so good Indonesia can still do a friendly international match by invited countries that has good achievement in football like Uruguay.43 This is a success of sports diplomacy. One of the major influences of football in the world is when the First World War happened. In 1914 the war was at the top between the allies and Germany. On Christmas of that year stated that Germany's army will not be shot so they only handle the victims. When they were handling the victims, they found a ball then they finally played football. At least this is what contained in the letter of a British soldier who was sent to his family by saying that football gives peace.44 In some cases, football becomes an ideal barometer in international relations, tensions between nations, as well as national ambitions. As an example, new free countries directly to submit their legitimization with criteria to become a member of FIFA, which is more than a member of the United Nations. This

42 http://www.fifa.com/associations/association=idn/ranking/gender=m/ 43 Ibid 44 http://beritabolaunik.com/sepakbola-menghentikan-perang/

38

shows that football has been embracing all of the nations in the world without looking at the power of the state in terms of economic power, political, social, and culture, and every country want to obtain international recognition in the context of international football competition.45

In Indonesia football is one of the biggest entertainments. As a developing country people of Indonesia often give hope to the achievement of football to rise the degrees of Indonesia in the eyes of the world. This shows that football can rise degree of a country. As a democratic country, Indonesia also uses football as a means of diplomacy and building relationships with other countries.

In 2011 the former Ambassador of Indonesia to the United States, Dino Pati DJalal, expect a friendly match between Indonesia national team and one Club of the United States, LA Galaxy, could be a means of enhancing the efforts of diplomacy between the two Nations.46 Dino said the Club LA Galaxy's visit to Indonesia in the Asia Tour 2011 is one attempt at diplomacy of Republic of Indonesia to the relationship of the two countries become closer and Indonesian people could witness firsthand appearance of one of the Club's star, David Beckham.47 Dr. Dino Djalal hopes that football can serve as one of the tools of diplomacy to aggravate relations between the people of both countries. Just as understandably, relationships between these communities became one of the main pillars of a comprehensive partnership between Indonesia and the U.S.48

Based on experienced data above the phenomenon of football has become part of country diplomacy. Football is a sport of all circles society and can be enjoyed anywhere. It has made a new weapon by a country to promote its interest. FIFA as the highest supreme football federation should become increasingly sensitive to this and started to cooperate with the Governments of many countries.

45 http://www.fifa.com/aboutfifa/organisation/index.html 46http://bola.kompas.com/read/2011/11/25/17441636/Dubes.RI.untuk.AS:.Sepak.Bola.Jadi.Sarana .Diplomasi 47 Ibid 48 Ibid

39

Football used by Homeless World Cup to set up a program to help homeless people by directly involving the homeless people to play football. In Homeless World Cup program, the homeless play and representing their country to compete with other homeless people from different countries. The player will feel that they are also considered as ordinary human beings who have the same rights as other human beings. With met other homeless people from different countries will certainly give rise to a sense that they are not alone in this world, there are still people who have a good heart that is willing to help people like them. The spirit of football that they feel can also be made into spirit of life to change the lives of the social.

Homeless World Cup work together with countries through the national partner from each countries. That means Homeless World Cup will give all information to the countries through national partners and then the national partner from each countries will handle everything related to their country.

The National Partner of Indonesia to Homeless World Cup is Rumah Cemara organization. Rumah Cemara is a based on community organization that aims to remove the stigma and discrimination in Indonesia by giving aid and help to a former drug addicts and people living with HIV and AIDS. They also use sport as a tool to give life change for people who have social problems.

Rumah Cemara set as a official national partner 2010. Rumah Cemara is handling everything for Indonesia to participate in Homeless World Cup every year. With all spirit they owned, they managed to send representatives from Indonesia for Homeless World Cup although in the beginning they do not get support from the government and lack of funds.

Indonesia has four times participated in the Homeless World Cup. The results obtained by Indonesia are very satisfying remembering that Indonesia is a new country in Homeless World Cup. By obtained several achievement it will tell to the people that homeless people from Indonesia able to get a new hope. The hope is to improve social life in Indonesia. The change started to effect the

40 environment in Indonesia where government given the evidence of achievements and make the government support the team.

With evidence that has been given by the players who represent Indonesia in the last four years, the changes could be done together especially through the support from government and the involvement of all community to have commitment in giving change or a better life for people who have social problem in Indonesia. A country will be increasingly develop the people do not have the sense of stigma and discrimination.

Constructivism in International Relation

Homeless World Rumah Cemara Indonesia Cup Organization Organization (International (National Organization) Context)

Lack of Concern for Football Government Homeless People Support Phenomenon

Social Change Homeless Society through Football

League of Change Sport Diplomacy (selection of

players)

Figure 4.1. The Structure, constructed by researcher

41

The structure above explains relationships between the theory of constructivism in the International Relation with three main actors in this research which are Homeless World Cup, Rumah Cemara, and Indonesia. In every actor was formed from some contents. The contents are like foundation or explanation for deeper information. There are different location of arrowhead in structure to explain the origin and destination .

Under the Homeless World Cup there is a content of football phenomenon. In this structure explained that Homeless World Cup comes from the idea of football phenomenon. There are three major phenomenon of football. The first is football as a tool to do diplomacy sport. The second is football as a tool to unifying nations. The last is football as social symbol. From football phenomenon formed the idea of Homeless World Cup.

Under Rumah Cemara there are several boxes explain about the process and content of Rumah Cemara especially in their participation in the Homeless World Cup. In the bottom there is League of Change (LoC) that is a miniature of Homeless World Cup in Indonesia. In addition LoC also posts to provide opportunities to people who have social problems. Loc also used to select a player to represent Indonesia in Homeless World Cup. Then from LoC comes to social change through football. Social change through football is an effect given by LoC and also one of the results given by Rumah Cemara. After that the structure comes to concern for homeless people which are a special action intended to help homeless people. Form those explanations can be seen the performance and work of Rumah Cemara.

The last is Indonesia where there are a few key points under the structure of Indonesia. The very bottom is the sport diplomacy. Sports diplomacy is one effort to improve a relationship and supporting the interest of Indonesia in particular in the field of sport. Later on it was the party that became the focus for involved and helped. Then on it is the problem of this research concerns the lack of government support.

42

IV.1.1 Football as Unifying Nation

Football may be a unifying of a nation that is exceptionally tough united by a politician like happened at Bosnia-Herzegovina. Bosnia-Herzegovina was former of Yugoslavia is a country located in southern Europe and Balkan Peninsula with a population four million people. Bosnia-Herzegovina is consisting of three major ethnic groups, namely Bosnia, Serbia, and Croats.49

Since the countries stand more than two decades ago, conflict between the three ethnically is often happen. Brutal war, politics greed, bad economy condition, and ethnic hatred keep continuing enmity. Any ethnic claim as the best and feel most superior in the country. Football is one that could save the country from destruction. Indeed, it is not easy to form a single solid national of the three ethnic groups. But that was Miroslav Blazevic and made Safet Susic did. They were the last two coaches the national team. The Bosnia-Herzegovina reaches the 2014 world cup for the first time. Great success recorded in history that unifies their country. 50

In addition there are also in an article about Didier Drogba, footballer who originates from Ivory Coast, the West African State. For the people of Côte d'Ivoire, Drogba is not only a football player; he is a hero who is able to reconcile his country's long civil war. Certainly the struggle did not come from the political stage, but on the soccer field.51

Ivory Coast in 1999 was a gloomy country filled with turmoil. Two camps continue to clash between the rebels who seized the Southern territory and the Government who seized the Northern territory. At least 3,000 people were killed as a result of this conflict.52

When in October 2005, Drogba led Ivory Coast for the first time through the 2006 World Cup in Germany. At that time Drogba was the captain and the he

49 http://olahraga.kompasiana.com/bola/2014/06/06/sepak-bola-dan-politik-657039.html 50 Ibid 51 Ibid 52 Ibid

43 said, “My brothers and sisters in the North and South, we knelt down to beg you to stop this war. A great country like Ivory Coast should not be submerged in a pool of blood.”53

The words from Drogba were continuously heard and touched the heart of both camps. The result brought a remarkable effect. Shortly after that, the Government and rebel forces agreed to a ceasefire. Political stability makes the national Ivorian team became a new power in world soccer in Africa.54 Therefore in writer’s point of view, football has managed in order to unite different stronghold. Football can affect the people and political. Things like this are what makes the reason that sports are never out of the international community. Football popularity as a popular sport makes football to beneficial land by the people or groups of interested parties. For several times football had been used as a way to the government. Another example is like what Silvio Berlusconi as former Prime Minister of Italy did. He has a big business from one of Italian team AC Milan. After that he joined a political party and went to politic.55 When the world entered the era of globalization, football has been transformed from being formerly just about the activity, being identity, and then become commodity. Football being able to present the business profit. International business practices can we see through football. When we watch a football game, seemed product advertising boards of various kinds of multinational companies. It is one example that football has become capable commodities superior of propelling the industry. Can be learning from how microeconomic application of a football club manages and operating their financial balance. Meanwhile the macroeconomic application can learn by how a country held a football international event like World Cup.56

53 http://olahraga.kompasiana.com/bola/2014/06/06/sepak-bola-dan-politik-657039.html 54 Ibid 55 http://www.biography.com/people/silvio-berlusconi-9209602#success-via-television 56 Foer, Franklin. How Soccer Explains the World. An Unlikely Theory of Globalization. New York: HarperCollins, 2008.

44

IV.1.2 Football in Social Perspective

From a social point of view, football has been a part of life that is integrated with a group of people in a region. The Group of people who identify themselves to an identity is communal. The identity of one of them is presented in the form of football clubs, such as FC Barcelona who have become the identity of the citizens of the region of Catalonia in Spain, As well as a symbol of resistance to the central government based in the Castilla Y Leon.57 Meanwhile to a bigger area, the identity raised through national football team from a country. National team will be representation intact a country when the national team competed with other countries. There goes, when there is a match between countries they will raise their national flag, not the logo of football association from their country. They also will play the hymn before kickoff which is their national anthem, not the hymn the football association. Football has become identity and a symbol representing sense of belonging.58 Besides, football has given changes in public life. Football can be the entertainment to all society circles. Football can also become a model as a means to change a person lives. To change people live no longer just using mainstream thing such as money.

IV.2 Homeless World Cup Organization: Beating Homelessness through Football

The experience in sport especially football phenomenon made Mel Young that recognized as one of the world’s leading social entrepreneurs by the Schwab Foundation for Social Entrepreneurship, get an idea to form a container that is in the form of international organizations that use football and moves in the social field to help especially the homeless all over the world. The idea came from because he has worked with homeless people since 1993 internationally. When he

57 http://www.red2000.com/spain/region/r-cleon.html 58 Irpani, Edy. 1001 Fenomena Sepak Bola. Bandung: Oase Media, 2010.

45 was at a conference with homelessness experts then bring up a question of how to involve homeless people in a program that was aimed to help homeless people themselves. The problems such differences of language, culture, visas and work eventually bring an inspiration for international language which is football forming a football competition. He also developed this idea because he said that such idea takes a simple action so this idea may down to earth.59

According to interview with Mel Young currently he spent all of his time to manage Homeless World Cup Organization because the countries interests to get participate in Homeless World Cup organization will kept increase.. Every country has network and partner to connect their county with Homeless World Cup Organization. The activities that covered by Homeless World Cup Organization not only held football tournament every year, they also support the national partners from every countries, talking with governments, talking with the media, and talking with football authorities like FIFA and UEFA. Build networking is expected to support their programs.60

Basically the football tournament implemented by Homeless World Cup is not only winning the competition. Mel young said that all who participate in the Homeless World Cup is the winner. The point is Homeless world Cup is about to give change and effect. Homeless World Cup wants a transformation from every player. Therefore he said the most important is how big the change of life given to players and society.61 The people who have social problem can change their quality of life and have spirit to live like normal people. After they got involved in Homeless World Cup they will understand of a process to gain something. They will learn that what people need is not only a result but also a process.

When the tournament held, it is not only the players who will feel the joy but also the audience. Players clearly can feel directly by playing the football but the audience who watch the program will get entertainment and a new perspective

59 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 60 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 61 Ibid

46 for them who have social problems. Audience will feel that the homeless are normal human beings who have the right to live together. The audience would create a new view about respect and removes the stigma and discrimination in society.

Homeless World Cup Organization also tries to work with government, besides seeking for support they also want to expand the network. Some governments are interested in the program that they do but there are also the government in the world that is not too interested. Mel young said that the government should work together in homeless issue with Homeless World Cup Organization because homelessness is one of the biggest issues in the world that faced in many countries. Some national partners have a good relationship with the government for example in Scotland. In Indonesia the relation between national partner (Rumah Cemara) and government is still not really good.62

It was in Cape Town, at the end of the 2001 INSP conference, that Mel and Austrian born Harald Schmied attempted to invent an international language to enable homeless people to communicate with each other around the world. When they realized one already existed which is football then the Homeless World Cup Organization was born. The first tournament was held in Austria in 2003 with 18 teams attending from around the world. This was followed by Sweden 2004, Edinburgh 2005, Cape Town 2006, and was staged in Copenhagen in July 2007 with 48 teams taking part. The Homeless World Cup organization is creating a level of change never before seen by social inclusion initiatives. Following 2005, more than 94% of participants said that it had a positive effect on their lives and 77% had made significant changes in their lives as a direct result of their involvement.63

The reason using football in Homeless World Cup organization is because football energizes homeless people so they can change their own lives. Homelessness can force people into isolation, which affects their ability to share,

62 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 63 http://www.changemakers.com/users/mel-young

47 communicate their thoughts and work with others. Day-to-day survival needs take priority over longer term planning often resulting in a chaotic lifestyle. When a homeless person gets involved in football they communicate and build relationships with others; they become teammates, learning to trust and share; they have a responsibility to attend training sessions and games, to be on time and prepared to participate. They feel part of something. These skills and attributes are all transferable to daily life and therefore help homeless people see that they can change their lives. National Partners of Homeless World Cup Organization provide, or provide access to, the professional services needed such as educational, employment, health or legal advice. National Partners of Homeless World Cup Organization also run tournaments and trials to select the eight players who make the journey to the annual tournament each year, and support them in making the most of this experience on their return afterwards moving on in their lives and becoming the models and ambassadors for other homeless people in their countries. Whilst the national teams are important and the players go on to have a life-changing experience at the tournament, they are only the tip of the iceberg and represent only a small proportion of the people positively affected by Homeless World Cup Organization’s work. There is an interview video with Mel Young who talks about the message in Homeless World Cup organization.64

Homeless world cup organization has become an international non- governmental organization which committed acts of simple by inviting homeless people from all over the world to participate in a tournament to play football every year. This is what is meant by down to earth where all of it started by an idea from Mel Young and influencing all over the world. While many people think it difficult to spread an effort to help homeless people but Mel used a simple thing. Then the idea formed into a product of football tournament for the homeless by inviting them though national partner from each country.

64 http://www.homelessworldcup.com/a-message-from-mel/

48

For the fund mostly come from sponsors and donations. Homeless World Cup Organization always gets the aid funds especially when football tournament held every year. The sponsors will come from some international brand of sports. In addition they also received assistance funds from UEFA. In addition to the Homeless World Cup organization also has new initiatives to get people as many as possible to join in the Homeless World Cup Supporters Club. Homeless World Cup Supporters Club is made for people who join into lifetime audience by paying 30 Pound. In addition besides to rise funds, this program also to build network with people. For now Homeless World Cup already has about 1000 people in the program. The Homeless World Cup target is one million supporters.65

IV.2.1 Homeless World Cup Procedure and Rules

Homeless World Cup organization has rules and requirements for the players who will involve in the tournament. The principle rule is every player at least to 16 years old. The players that will participate must certainly never follow previous Homeless World Cup. It is aimed to give an opportunity and chance to other Homeless People. With the regulation, it certainly will led more homeless people to feel the spirit of football which then can be implemented in their life.66

Rumah Cemara used this not only to give chance for homeless people but also for poor people, former drugs addict, and the people who live with HIV and AIDS. In Indonesia those are the people who have social problem. Rumah Cemara plans to select players from prisoners because according to Rumah Cemara they are also people who have social problems. Beside Homeless World Cup also mentioned the players also they who get the income from the streets.

65 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 66 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/rules

49

This explains that there are certain criteria to follow Homeless World Cup. According to researcher, it is very good because the players who follow Homeless World Cup would change their life to be better and influence other people. If they can change their life to be better then it will be an inspiration to make social change. In Indonesia has been there are some people who had once followed Homeless World Cup. The proof that they show must be an example that homeless people could be performed, they can also prove that they are ordinary human being who has the right to live together with others. The life changes they made can make an inspiration to other homeless people in Indonesia and every country that follow Homeless World Cup.

IV.2.2 Homeless World Cup Organization Other Programs

Another Homeless World Cup organization program is Homeless World Cup Supporters Club. Homeless World Cup Supporters Club is a program that invites people from all over the world to be lifetime audience for all events related to Homeless World Cup organization. In addition, to expand the network and information about the homeless world cup, the program also aims to collect donations. The people who want to join in this program by register via the website of Homeless World Cup Organization and pay for 30 pounds.67

The target of homeless World Cup organization is to have 1 million people in the program. Now Homeless World Cup has already about 1000 people. This program has just begun and expected the number of participating will continue to increase. The success of every event that held certainly will increase the number of people in this program.68

67 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 68 Ibid

50

IV.3 The Involvement of Indonesia in Homeless World Cup Organization

The problem of Poverty and homeless occurs in many countries including Indonesia. This problem has become a global problem even in a developed country. Joining Homeless World Cup is one simple attempt and giving direct effect to the homeless people. The purpose of Homeless World Cup is to provide social changes to homeless people, which is also needed in Indonesia. The concept of Homeless World Cup is every player is the winner so that this will give effect on the player. The perspective from people toward homeless and marginal people will surely change especially to the players that followed the football tournament.69

The participation of Indonesia cannot be separated from Rumah Cemara organization as a national partner of Indonesia to Homeless World Cup Organization. Rumah Cemara formed by five former drugs addict in 2003 with the program early care and rehabilitation to drug addicts in Indonesia. Then after having the correlation with people living with HIV/AIDS finally Rumah Cemara has their second program which is embracing patients with HIV/AIDS.70

Now Rumah Cemara has some programs. In addition to two programs researcher tell previously, Rumah Cemara has Children program, home reduction, and sports program especially football. They chose football as one of their program because football is very popular in Indonesia. Football is a universal language that can be played by all people without any boundaries. This pointstells there are similarities between Rumah Cemara dan Homeless World Cup like to give life change to the homeless and remove the stigma or discrimination in society.71

69 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 70 Rizky, Kurniawan. 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 71 Ibid

51

Based on the interviewed with Rizky Kurniawan as public relation of Rumah Cemara their programs are quite good and giving effect. It showed by many people now want to involve in Rumah Cemara. Not only those who former drug addicts and people living with HIV but also many ordinary people who entered into the organization as to staff, a volunteer, even just follow activities such as football training.72

The fund of Rumah Cemara 75% come from foreign, 9% government of Indonesia, and the rest are come from private. Before sending representatives of Indonesia to Homeless World Cup, Rumah Cemara have received assistance from foreign funds but after successfully sent players to Homeless World Cup now the Rumah Cemara having a lot of new network both inside and outside the country that provide special assistance in football program. Besides, because Rumah Cemara success sends representatives of Indonesia for Homeless World Cup now Rumah Cemara become one of the program social corporate responsibilities FIFA, which is Football For Hope.73

The government of Indonesia actually has started to look Rumah Cemara especially when Rumah Cemara success to send players to Homeless World Cup and got some achievements. This was prove by the number of funds provided by the government for Rumah Cemara in effort to send representatives to homeless World Cup 2013 and 2014. In fact the government already started helping in 2013 but with small amount. The arrival of government support is a little late because Rumah Cemara had to work hard in 2 years earlier to get supports. The support from government came when they have managed to indicate incredible achievement even in the international level. The Indonesian government still seems less care about social change that can be done with a simple way.

Rumah cemara has officially set by Homeless World Cup as national partner from Indonesia. At first the founder of Rumah Cemara, Ginan Koesmayadi find information about Homeless World Cup. He saw there is a

72 Rizky, Kurniawan. 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 73 Ibid

52 similarity between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup which is trying to help homeless people, drugs addict, marginalized people, and people who have social problem. After contacting Homeless World Cup for few times and explain about Rumah Cemara, finally Rumah Cemara set as a national partner of Indonesia in 2010. Several months later they got a formal invitation from the Homeless World Cup to participate representing Indonesia. Rumah Cemara trying to find funds to the departure the team including from the government but because of lack of funds Rumah Cemar failed to send the player to represent Indonesia in the homeless world cup 2010 in Brazil.74

IV.3.1 Indonesia First Participation in Homeless World Cup

Figure 4.2. Homeless World Cup 2011 Logo

Source: https://c2.staticflickr.com/4/3536/5836035977_9b81764109.jpg

Homeless World Cup 2011 is for the first time Indonesia participated in the event. Indonesia actually has received an invitation from the Homeless World Cup Organization to participate in 2010. But due to the problem of lack of fund,

74 Koesmayadi, Ginan. Melampaui Mimpi. 2014. Page 223 - 254

53

Rumah Cemara as Indonesia partner to Homeless World Cup Organization able to send the representative from Indonesia in. Homeless world cup 2011 was held in Paris on September 21 - 28 august 2011.

The success of Rumah Cemara in sending players initiated when their representative became guest on a show in one of broadcast television in Indonesia, Kick Andy.75 Kick Andy explore Rumah Cemara in Bandung and at that time the management of Kick Andy said that PT. Sido Muncul had prepared 150 million funds and become the major fund for Indonesia team to got to Paris as Indonesia representative for the first time in Homeless World Cup 2011. The representative that sent to Paris was 8 people, four players are main players and the rest are substitute. They were Drajat Ginanjar Koesmayadi (team captain), Sandy Gempur, Gin Gin Sofyan, Tri Eklastesa, Rony Suryadhani, Andre, Aris, and Edward Supuseta. They accompanied by coach Adim Reonardus and manager from the United States, Otto Katte.76

All the players who were sent derived from different backgrounds. Ranging from jobless to drug addict, even four players are positive for HIV- AIDS. In fact they still have spirit to brought and represented Republic of Indonesia in international event. For them the event is a perfect way to prove that regarded weak and ignored people remain to be able to reach achievement, even to represent their country.77

Indonesia performance in Homeless World Cup 2011 in Paris was quite successful. Indonesia put an end to the tournament as the sixth winner from total 48 countries that participated. A result which is quite inspiring, not only managed to send representative but Indonesia was also able to compete with other countries. This will stimulate the spirit of Indonesia people and would create a new vigor for the Indonesia to compete in international. The achievement was collected by those who have life not so fortunate and must be started with had

75 Kick Andy program was reporting Rumah Cemara in 2011 http://www.kickandy.com/ 76 http://olahraga.kompasiana.com/bola/2011/08/29/kiprah-indonesia-di-piala-dunia-tunawisma- 2011-391776.html 77 Ibid

54 effort due to the lack of fund. Indonesia first performance in Homeless World Cup 2011 has become inspire.78

Not only up there, while Indonesia ended the tournament in the sixth rank, Indonesia also got other achievements. In the event in Indonesia is the only representative from Asia which went in the quarter-finals. Indonesia also got the best newcomer trophy as the team. Even one of the Indonesia players, Ginan Koesmayadi won the best players.79

IV.3.2 Indonesia Participation in Homeless World Cup 2012

Figure 4.3. Homeless World Cup 2012 Logo

Source: http://www.sopitas.com/site/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Homeless-World- Cup-2012.jpg

Indonesia gets satisfying results on Homeless World Cup 2011 in Paris by getting sixth rank and some other achievements. It even more inspiring Rumah

78 http://olahraga.kompasiana.com/bola/2011/08/29/kiprah-indonesia-di-piala-dunia-tunawisma- 2011-391776.html 79 http://olahraga.kompasiana.com/bola/2011/08/29/kiprah-indonesia-di-piala-dunia-tunawisma- 2011-391776.html

55

Cemara to send again Indonesia representatives to participate in 2012. Homeless world cup 2012 was held in Mexico City with participants 54 the state.80

Road to Homeless World Cup 2012 begins with League of Change (LoC) in February 2012. Several teams from eight provinces in Indonesia were invited to participate in the competition. The competition was also to select and choose players to represent Indonesia in Homeless World Cup 2012. According to a Rumah Cemara, the biggest funder in LoC was come from foreign fund. It is as Febby Arhemsyah said as a former manager of the Indonesian team for Homeless World Cup, “we have difficulties asked support from the government. The largest funds came from the Australian embassy and privates.81

From LoC competition, selected 8 players. They are; Doni Aristiawan and Adik Madina Irawan (East Java); Anton Sugiri and Moses Manuhuttu (Jakarta); Suherman and Arif Apriadi (West Java), M. Iqbal (South Sumatera), and Farid Satria (Sulawesi).82 When the team formed, they directly move to find fund to follow Homeless World Cup 2012. The total funds needed around 300 million. The money used to buy tickets and accommodation costs for players and training program. But, until five months after the team formed, funds collected not sufficient. Unfortunately until then still no government assistance. Team Management and Rumah Cemara agreed to make the movement of the collection of funds from the people, with its slogan 1,000 for 1. The hope is everyone in Indonesia willing to contribute 1,000 IDR for Indonesian team. From the charity program they found 170 million IDR. The rest are from Pertamina and BJB Bank. They do this for Indonesia and for the homeless. The goal is to proud Indonesia name international.83

It became more prove that following the event like Homeless World Cup very good because it gives positive effect. Team management and Rumah Cemara

80 http://www.jpnn.com/read/2012/10/25/144530/Sukses-Tim-Sepak-Bola-Indonesia-di-Ajang- Homeless-World-Cup-2012- 81 Ibid 82 Ibid 83 Ibid

56 keep showing up to send representatives from Indonesia to Mexico. And achievements of Indonesian team pretty good. Indonesia finished at the fourth place. It was very satisfied result considering the efforts to go to Mexico are very difficult. In addition the country is also successful collecting the best coach.

IV.3.3 Indonesia in Homeless World Cup 2013

Figure 4.4. Homeless World Cup 2013 Logo Source: http://www.ludopedio.com.br/userfiles/Homeless-World-Cup- Poznan-logo(1).gif

Homeless World Cup 2013 was held in Poznan, Poland during 10 – 18 August. This 11th tournament was followed by 64 nations.84 The road to Homeless World Cup 2013 did again by Rumah Cemara by LoC to selecting the players. From the selection it was selected 8 players to represent Indonesia in Homeless World Cup. The eight players are I Wayan Arya Renawa from Bali, Ahmad Faizin from Central Java, Dimas Saputra Ramadhan from Jawa Timur,

84 http://www.homelessworldcup.org/poznan-2013

57

Mifta Sano Sudrajat from Jakarta, and four players come from West Java, they are Ujang Yakub, Riki Irawan, Nico Pernando, dan Sendi.85

Indonesia's achievements in Homeless World Cup 2012 started make Indonesia seen by other countries. Indonesia started having a soul to compete in international level especially in sport. Because of Indonesia achievements in previous tournament more sponsors are coming providing facilities to the players in Poland. The Indonesian team is known as a unique team in Homeless World Cup, because the team is very fashionable.86

The uniqueness of Indonesia team player makes the easy to identify by the people. It is because the tournament started by a parade. Indonesian players wear some Indonesia traditional clothes like head cover such as blangkon (Javanese traditional head cover), udeng-udeng (Sundanese traditional head cover), until a headband that usually wear by Sudanese. To suit with their shirt, some players wear Javanese traditional coat or beskap, batik, and Indonesia traditional clothe or sarung. There were a lot people who want to take a picture with Indonesia players. Moreover, they walked along with 64 teams other countries along the route 3.5 kilometers from staying place to the tournament pitch nearby Malta Lake. The event attended by at least 1,000 people with various flags to wave. The Indonesian flag also invite people attention because it has little in common with the host.87

Indonesia coach, Bonsu Hasibuan said the parade and team welcoming at that time are more friendly compare with previous year. According to him , the communication between players and other team in Poland is more friendly. He

85 http://dewi.bola.net/tim_nasional/berita-bola-timnas-indonesia-profil-skuad-indonesia-untuk- hwc-2013-bd454a.html 86 Arhemsyah Febby (ex-Indonesia team manager for Homeless World Cup 2012 and 2014). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung 87 http://sport.bisnis.com/read/20130811/59/156015/tim-indonesia-tampil-beda-di-homeless- world-cup-2013

58 also said that Indonesia has distinctive identity and easier other team the recognize Indonesia players. This can increase the spirit in the team.88

After the parade done then committee directly do the drawing. Indonesia national team finishes the tournament at the 8th place. Although the results was declined from previous tournament, at least Indonesia is success to send representative for the international event.89

The most important is not only to win the tournament because it already mention every player who have social problem and play in Homeless World Cup are the winner. As a NGO, Homeless World Cup has clear purpose and goal. The changes really give effect not only for one individual but also to change the life of one group like Rumah Cemara. Even if the government give more attention to the international event will be very good because Indonesia government will have more networks like Homeless World Cup organization and can do similar thing Indonesia. This could make an inspiration and a new idea especially to help poor people.

In the Homeless World Cup 2013 participation government just started to give support to Indonesia team player. The government facilitates the departure tickets of the team members who go to Poland. But the team also still supported by other parties like Bank BJB, PDAM Kota Bandung and Pertamina.90

88 http://sport.bisnis.com/read/20130811/59/156015/tim-indonesia-tampil-beda-di-homeless- world-cup-2013 89 http://www.bola.net/tim_nasional/indonesia-urutan-8-homeless-world-cup-2013-5f06b8.html 90 Rizky, Kurniawan (Public relation of Rumah Cemara). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung

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IV.3.4. Indonesia Participation in Homeless World Cup 2014

Figure 4.5. Homeless World Cup 2014 Logo

Source: https://www.homelessworldcup.org/img/2014/logo.png

In 2014 Rumah Cemara back to participate to send representative of Indonesia to Homeless World Cup 2014 that held in Santiago, Chile. The international tournament was held 19 – 26 October. In this tournament Indonesia finished at 10th from total 64 countries who participate.

Indonesia succeeds to send 8 players to Chile. They are Tommy Engelberth Serhalawan from Papua, L. Swanada Pradika from Nusa Tenggara Barat, Midjuli Santoso from Bali, Yudi Ramanda from North Sumatera, Akhmad Fauzi from Jakarta, Tommi Hartono from West Java, Soni Nasirwan from West Sumatera, and the last is Rizal Sepuloh from West Java.91 Support from the government began to be more seen because the government provides fund and the departure tickets. Bank BJB, Pertamina, and PDAM Kota Bandung also still give some supports.92

This is the fourth time Indonesia participated in the program of international NGO like Homeless World Cup. See from the effort from previous

91 http://rumahcemara.org/en/pemain-timnas-indonesia-homeless-world-cup-2014/ 92 http://rumahcemara.org/laporan-road-to-homeless-world-cup-2014/

60 years every time before leave, the spirit of homeless people is very huge but just no container that they can use to pour their spirit. Therefore a container as Homeless World Cup is a door for solving poverty problem for Indonesia and other countries. The Indonesian team has been proven that the marginal can proud Indonesian in international level.

Indonesia's achievements in the Homeless world Cup is very good because Indonesia is a new country that joined. As one of Asia's country, Indonesia has a better achievement than other Asian countries. The success of Indonesia's views from some of the achievements earned as well as the finish rank of Indonesia in every tournament. In addition most important is the Rumah Cemara success to manage and send those who have social problem to Homeless World Cup. Success is not only measured by achievement but measured from the process of achievements.

Indonesia has participated in Homeless World Cup for four times. The results each participation are quite satisfied. Indonesia has managed to get some achievements that proves people who have social problems can represent their countries and generate hope and an inspiration to others. What they are getting could be used to provide changes for social life in Indonesia and the world. Homeless World Cup and Rumah Cemara prove that all human beings have equal rights, they even can get what ordinary people cannot get which is life passion.

The list of Indonesia’s journey in Homeless World Cup is can be seen in the table as follows:

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HWC 2011 HWC 2012 HWC 2013 HWC 2014 Tournament Paris, France Mexico City, Poznan, Poland Santiago, Chile Schedule and Host 21 – 28 Augustus Mexico 10 – 18 August 19 – 26 October 6–14 October • Germany (win) • Greece (win) • Scotland (win) • Hungary (loose) • Ireland (win) • Scotland (win) • Argentina • Scotland (win) • Kirgizstan (win) • Peru (loose) (loose) • Norway (win) • Rumania (win) • Lithuania (win) • Wales (win) • Northern Ireland • Scotland (win) • Bosnia • India (win) (loose) • Italy (win) Herzegovina • Lithuania (win) • South Korea Opponents and • Russia (loose) (win) • Costa Rica (win) (win) Result • Ukraine (loose) • Romania (win) • Russia (loose) • Argentina (win) • Brazil (loose) • Namibia (win) • Chile (loose) • Portugal (loose) • Nigeria (win) • Lithuania (win) • Portugal (loose) • Mexico (win) • Chile (loose) • Mexico (loose) • Rumania (loose) • Brazil (loose) • Brazil (loose) • Germany (win) • Peru (win) • Hungary (win) • Mexico (loose) Result at the end of 6th 4th 8th 10th Tournament Figure 4.6. Indonesia Journey in Homeless World Cup, constructed by the researcher

IV.4 Homeless World Cup and Rumah Cemara as the Agent of Social Change

Homeless World Cup organization has given real influence like their purposes providing social change to people who have social problem with the main purpose to help homeless people by involving the homeless people. It has been done successfully with a football tournament. Homeless World Cup is a social organization using sport as a tool to invite people and give a better life to homeless people. Change starts from one individual.

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Homeless World Cup giving social change that start from the basic by using simple way. Generally it is clearly that social change that given is to give life change to be better. This is really needed by people who have social problem. The support from common people is very needed not by hurting or discriminated them but help them. In life philosophy life is like a circle. When there is no help the marginalized people will feel in the bottom of the circle and everything is over. Life is like a circle that always turning and in life there will be a time where someone is at the bottom of the circle where it will not fall again and can only be passed by get up.

Homeless World Cup providing them opportunities to rise from adversity. Instead of just giving Homeless World Cup also invite homeless and marginal people to participate directly. This means that the homeless people not only feel but learning and understand a process to obtain the result. One simple thing is can make them go abroad and meet other people who have the problem from other countries. It certainly provides support and passion for them and also explains to them that they are not alone and there are a lot of people in the world care for them. A living will certainly appears so that can make the marginal around the world to rise up and face their social problem positively.

Homeless World Cup and Rumah Cemara have same purpose which is remove stigma and discrimination against the people who have social problem such as what happened in Chile on Homeless World Cup 2014. International event which is done in Chile draw the attention the people in Chile. Those who interested then watch the program and change their views where the audience will look more respect the people with social problem like poor people, homeless people, drugs addict, people who living with HIV/AIDS, and similar problem. This is one of the reasons Homeless World Cup pointed Rumah Cemara as national partner because they have the same purpose.93

93 Rizky, Kurniawan (Public relation of Rumah Cemara). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung

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This change has been perceived by the players from every country with the different background of social problem who participated in Homeless World Cup. They will certainly get their life spirit back. The spirit in the Homeless World Cup will make the participants change their lives to be better. At least they will have happiness even though just temporary of happiness. The happiness can provide inspirations for them.

An inspiration clearly generated by programs from Homeless World Cup organization. The inspiration is not only for them who participate in the competition but also for people all over the world who know about Homeless World Cup. Those who have social problem but have not gotten a chance to get involved in the program, but surely they will find a hope to have a better life. Each person has a different fate in life but of course everyone has their skill as shown in Homeless World Cup.

An idea of Homeless World Cup that initiated by Mel Young now has down to earth and has become international organization which the effects can be felt even to each individuals from different countries. By showing progress and give direct effect to the people, now Homeless World Cup supported by FIFA and UEFA. In addition they also get sponsor and funds from international sport brand.

Other change is Indonesia view in international. Mel young said before Indonesia were involved in Homeless World Cup he is not too much known about Indonesia. After Indonesia to follow Homeless World Cup many positive view obtained by Indonesia as Mel young feel. The representatives of the countries who involve in Homeless World Cup will be the mirrors of their own countries. In Homeless World Cup the representatives from Indonesia is known to be very friendly.94 Even a referee give one of the players Indonesia a whistle and it turns out that the whistle are only 18 in the world. The reason of the referee who are from Australia giving a whistle was because Indonesian player was so friendly, simple as that. The representative of Indonesia shows a good image for Indonesia.

94 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype

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Researcher analyze that this is very good because the world will see that Indonesia has friendly society so other country interested to learn about Indonesia and the culture. Beside this also can used to promote Indonesia especially in social movement.

Rumah Cemara used the participation of Indonesia in Homeless World Cup to promote local brand and also to build network as many as they can especially international network. Besides, Korea team manager for Homeless World Cup said Indonesia is the most powerful team from Asia in Homeless World Cup even he invite Indonesian team in Homeless World Cup to play a friendly match with them. While Switzerland manager on homeless world cup 2014 visit Indonesia management and ask for permission to follow the hallmark of fashion who always attached to Indonesian team in Homeless World Cup. He talked about hairstyle. It means because Indonesia achievements in Homeless World Cup other countries starting to get concerned about Indonesia. The Switzerland team manager for Homeless World Cup said also going to visit Indonesia soon.95

The concept of Homeless World Cup is very simple to held football tournament for people who have social problem. That is a very brilliant idea that actually needed to face homelessness problem. It certainly will be an example in many countries. Indonesia has already started applying this idea as Rumah Cemara does through the League of Change (LoC). LoC using the concept that almost the same with the Homeless World Cup which is to held the football tournament for the poor, homeless, people living with HIV/AIDS, the victims of drugs, and all people who have social problems that held for the first time 2012. For this time LoC still followed by several provinces in Indonesia, but seen the effect of LoC is actually very useful program that will help people with social problems. LoC must be supported by the government and people of Indonesia. In

95 Arhemsyah Febby (ex-Indonesia team manager for Homeless World Cup 2012 and 2014). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung

65 addition LoC also can be used to select players to follow Homeless World Cup or at least find players who have greatness in football.96

The Government must more think about people who have social problem in Indonesia by helping them to have a better life. If the Government reduces the level of social problems then Indonesia will also be growing. It would be so wonderful if it is done in many countries. Indonesia's players have shown remarkable international achievements. This evidence is enough to invite the support of the Government. Now homeless and marginal people of Indonesia have international achievements.

Indonesia achievements will make Indonesia name better. People around the world will say that Indonesia has a good effort in facing homelessness issue. This can be used to hold a friendly football match between countries. The players are those who have social life.

IV.5 Indonesia to be the Host of Homeless World Cup

Researcher analyze that one of the biggest effort that can be done by Indonesia to help homeless people problem internationally is by become the host oh Homeless World Cup. Indonesia is a developing country that having one of the greatest problem which is poverty problem. The poverty problem contain homeless and marginal problem. With the amount of number then become the host of Homeless World Cup will give positive effect globally. This also can be entertainment for Indonesia. Indonesia is really possible to host Homeless world Cup especially some years ago the Government also submitted a bid to host the World Cup. Take advantage of the Government's desire to host the World Cup

96 Rizky, Kurniawan (Public relation of Rumah Cemara). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung

66 can be the reason that the Government supports and thrust Indonesia to host Homeless World Cup. 97

This program must be very useful. The first thing of course will leave a legacy of the world especially in the field of social and sports .When dozens of countries come represent their country to Indonesia to follow the Homeless World Cup and the world will look at Indonesia. This automatically is the way to promote Indonesia especially in the f tourism. Info on Indonesia will spread to the world and many people find out about Indonesia. Automatically this program will invite local and international media to cover the activities. One of the goal is sure to make a good view on Indonesia.98

This change has been felt by other countries that has been become the host. Many people can be involved in the program as committee members or even the people who have social problem. The opportunities for homeless people to see directly or take a closer look how hope is made by the program. If they see directly, its effect would be far greater so that things like the rise of life passion can show up more easily.

Be the host of Homeless World Cup will also expand the issue of homelessness where will add community education from the. The change of perspective of homelessness will clearly formed by looking at them as normal human being who is entitled to socialize in the general public .Technically Indonesia is ready to host if there is presence from the government commitment. The support of government and people should total so Indonesia able to host Homeless World Cup.99

Every year Homeless World Cup that held in a landmark of the country host while Indonesia has a lot of landmark such as Monas, Borobudur, and

97 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 98 Young, Mel (Founder and President of Homeless World Cup). 7 January 2015 interview about “Homeless World Cup Organization” via Skype 99 Rizky, Kurniawan (Public relation of Rumah Cemara). 7 January 2015. Interview about “relationship between Rumah Cemara and Homeless World Cup” at Rumah Cemara office, Bandung

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Garuda Wisnu Kencana. In addition of course the Homeless World Cup will revive economic around the place. With achievement obtained for four years following Homeless World Cup Indonesia really deserves to host. Now government commitment and people awareness should support Indonesia to host Homeless World Cup with purpose to help homelessness.

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CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Human being is a creation of God that has mind and intelligence. Through mind and intelligence human build a relation with other human. So are nations where build relations with other nations. By the time goes by so the develop of the methods of human or country to establish a relationship with another country. International Relation helped nations to establish the relationship and now countries not only the actor in international relation to build a relationship.

In this research there are two theories in international community used. They are International Organization and Constructivism. Using the theory is the efforts of a state to build a relationship. The difference in the theory shows that there are differences in way to do. This forms other actors and uses the theories to get their interests. International organization formed from the joint of several groups to have a particular purpose. The group also can be actors who were not part of the government. Because of this non-governmental organization is formed. While constructivism is a form of agreement or arrangement, that started from idea or concept where the idea and concept able to form a tool that can be used to gain the purpose. The tool will built by actors who also for particular purpose. The lack of government support and people awareness are become the main problems in this research.

Homeless World Cup organization is an example of Non-governmental organization which originates from an idea. Then the idea implemented into a product. The emergence of the product is the start where an inspiration born. Homeless world cup organization is an organization that has a football competition played by those who have social problems which held every year. The organization aims to bring social change or help those people who have a problem with social through football.

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Homeless World Cup is an international organization which invites countries to participate. That means every participating countries send players who have social problem. This simple idea is growing and many countries want to participate. The Organization has national partner as the linking partner between the participant countries with the Homeless World Cup organization.

Indonesia is one of official members of the Homeless World Cup. This started when Indonesia participated in the Homeless World Cup event in 2011. Now Indonesia has participated four times. In Indonesia, the national partner that linking Indonesia with the Homeless World Cup is Rumah Cemara organization. Rumah Cemara is a community-based organization that aims to help former drug addicts and people who living with HIV/AIDS through sport, especially football. The similarities that made Rumah Cemara pointed by Homeless World Cup as national partner for Indonesia.

The effects that given by Homeless World Cup organization is very positive. Homeless World Cup not just gives help but also inviting the people who had social problem involve directly. Surely, this implementation is very effective regarding to the fact that the people who participating are helped. The Homeless World Cup also given inspiration and build spirit. Indeed, the most important thing is Homeless World Cup do with simple way which is football.

The effect also felt by Indonesian people especially to the players who participated and Rumah Cemara. Although the concept of Homeless World Cup is everyone who involve in their program are the winners, Indonesia is also have some achievements in Homeless World Cup.

The support of the Indonesian Government itself is still lack. Whereas, Indonesia national team for Homeless World Cup had some great achievements. In addition public discrimination toward homeless people is still high in Indonesia. If the Government supports participation of Indonesia in the Homeless World Cup and public awareness to social condition show then better social change can be obtained. Now, Indonesia is ready to be the host for Homeless World Cup. By becoming the host the issue of homelessness will be solved.

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Indonesia could make the Homeless World Cup as one of the inspirations for solving the problem and make a social change. Changes can be done through a simple way like what the Homeless World Cup does. The most important is the support of all parties for leading to be better and more quality. Provide changes to social communities and reduce the level of poverty is a clear purpose to follow Homeless World Cup and appear the idea and new inspiration.

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64 NATIONS UNITED FOR THE 11TH ANNUAL HOMELESS WORLD CUP AT LAKE MALTA, POZNAN IN POLAND, 10-18 AUGUST 2013. (n.d.). Retrieved December 21, 2014, from Homeless World Cup Organization: https://www.homelessworldcup.org/poznan-2013

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Interviews

Arhemsyah, F. (2015, January 7). Ex-Indonesian team manager for Homeless World Cup 2012 and 2014. (K. Rizki, Interviewer)

Irawan, R. (2015, January 7). Ex Indonesian Player for Homeless World Cup 2012. (K. Rizki, Interviewer)

Kurniawan, R. (2015, January 7). Public Relation of Rumah Cemara. (K. Rizki, Interviewer)

Young, M. (2015, January 7). Homeless World Cup Founder and President. (K. Rizki, Interviewer)

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APPENDIX I

HOMELESS WORLD CUP RULES Source: http://www.homelessworldcup.org/rules

(1)Players

• Mandatory criteria:

▪ Male or female and at least 16 years old

▪ Have not taken part in previous Homeless World Cup tournaments.

• Players must meet at least one of the following criteria:

▪ Have been homeless at some point, in accordance with the national definition of homelessness

▪ Make their main living income as street paper vendor

▪ Asylum seekers currently without positive asylum status or who were previously asylum seekers but obtained residency status

▪ Currently in drug or alcohol rehabilitation and also have been homeless at some point in the past two years

(2) Teams

• Teams can be all male, all female or mixed consisting of 8 players in total. All teams are required to bring a full team of 8 players to the tournament.

• Maximum of 4 players per team on the court:

▪ 3 outfield players and 1 goalkeeper plus 4 substitute players

• As an inclusive tournament it is expected that each player will play a reasonable amount of time each day. If teams are found not giving players this opportunity

77 they will be warned. If teams persist in not using the full squad of 8 players they will be penalized accordingly at the discretion of the Sports Committee.

(2a) Reserve Team

• At each annual competition the host nation will select a full reserve team consisting of 10 players including 2 goalkeepers. They will wear the colors of their national team during the parade.

• Each morning of the competition, the manager of any team can ask to have a player from the reserve team if they have three or more of their players injured or unavailable. The names of the injured players must be submitted in writing to the sports director. They are not allowed to play during that day.

• The manager from the reserve team will select players on a strict rotational basis. Teams cannot demand one particular player from the reserve team. This will allow reserve team players to participate. Reserve team players wear the national strip of the team they are playing for Players are only available during that day.

• The selection process is followed in exactly the same way in subsequent days. It is likely, that a team applying for reserve players on consecutive days will be allocated the same reserve player.

• Reserve players can play for teams who are playing against the home nation.

• The host country will have additional players on standby in the eventuality that all of the reserve team is needed by other teams. The Sports Director will make an assessment at the end of each day about the likely demand for reserve team players during the following day.

• The reserve team will all receive medals. They will go up together as a team to collect their medals at the final ceremony.

(3) Duration of Matches

• Two halves of 7 minutes each plus one minute interval in between each half.

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(4) Start

• The match starts when the referee throws the ball into the court. When a goal is scored, the team that has conceded the goal receives the ball and the goalkeeper is allowed to bring the ball back into play immediately after the referees’ whistle.

(5) Goalkeeper Rules

• A goalkeeper must not score goals.

• The goalkeeper must not leave the penalty area.

• The goalkeeper must not hold the ball longer than necessary in his penalty area

• The goalkeeper must distribute the ball from his hands underarm (below shoulder height). If the goalkeeper does not distribute the ball underarm, a free kick will be awarded to the other team at the half way line.

• A pass back rule applies. If a goalkeeper picks the ball up with his hands after receiving a pass back from a team mate the other team is awarded a penalty.

(6) Rules for Penalty Area

• Outfield players must not enter the penalty area. This rule applies to both attacking and defending players

• If a player from the defending team enters the penalty area, the other team receives a penalty.

• If a player from the attacking team enters the penalty area, the other team receives a free kick.

(7) One Player always in Opposition Half

• At least one player must remain in the opposition half of play. A foul will be awarded against a team where the whole team is in its own half.

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• If a player in a team receives a blue card then while the team is a player or more down this rule will not apply. Similarly, this rule will not apply if a player in a team receives a red card.

(8) Time-wasting

• The referee can award a penalty against a team which is persistently timewasting after the team has been first warned about its conduct.

(9) Penalty Kicks

• A penalty for the opposing team is given when:

▪ A player from the defending team enters the penalty area.

▪ A team passes back three times in a row directly to their own goalkeeper with the intention of time wasting (without a player from the opposing team having had the chance to touch the ball).

▪ If the goalkeeper holds the ball longer than necessary in his penalty area (“playing for time”).

▪ If the goalkeeper picks up the ball with his hands when he receives a back pass from a player on his own team.

▪ Due to foul play in front of the goal area.

• A penalty kick must be taken towards the goal. If the ball moves backwards from the goal the penalty is lost.

(10) Rules for Free Kicks and Out Balls

(10a) Free Kicks

• All free kicks are indirect. All players of the opposing team must be a minimum of 2 meters from the ball when a free kick is being taken.

• The referee awards a free kick for:

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▪ All fouls on the field except for any offence, which is seen as a “penalty offence”

▪ If a player seeks to gain an advantage by holding the perimeter board with both hands.

(10b) Out Balls

• If a ball goes out of play over the board the ball must be rolled in by hand at ground level at the position where the ball went out of the field of play. All players of the opposing team must be a minimum of 2 metres from the ball at the roll-in point.

• If a ball goes out of play on behind the goal:

▪ By the attacking team: the goalkeeper receives the ball and kicks or throws the ball back in.

▪ By the defending team: The attacking team receives a corner and rolls the ball in by hand at ground level. All players of the opposing team must be a minimum of 2 meters from the roll-in corner.

(11) Fouls

• In the event of a foul or unfair play the referee may judge as follows:

▪ Blue card (two minutes time exclusion): For foul play a player will be excluded from the match for two minutes during which time the team has to play with one less player. A player given a blue card will be sent off for two minutes and not allowed back on. After two minutes have elapsed the player given the blue card will be replaced by another player from the team.

▪ Red card (match penalty): for serious foul play a player is excluded from the rest of the match. The team has to play with one less player for the remainder of the match. A red card will only be given for serious foul play, violent conduct or abuse of the referee. The player will be sent off

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immediately and not be allowed back during the game. No replacement player will be allowed on. The same applies to coaches. Each evening the disciplinary committee will meet and decide what action to take against the player or coach. Sanctions include suspension from future games.

▪ Exclusion from the tournament for a team: if rules are seriously breached (heavy foul play, foul play on purpose, unacceptable behavior on the court towards the referees, the audience or other players), one player or a team can be excluded from the tournament. If a whole team is excluded from the tournament then all the matches played or scheduled to be played by that team will be awarded to the opposition with a 0:3 score line.

(12) Tournament Points

• The winning team receives 3 points. The losing team zero. If a match ends in a draw, it is decided by a sudden-death penalty shoot-out until one team has a one goal lead after both teams have taken the same number of penalty kicks.

• In matches decided by a penalty shoot-out the winning team gets two points and the losing team gets one point.

(13) Group Stage Rankings

In group stages rankings are decided by:

• First, number of Points.

• Second, in the event that the teams have the same number of points at the end of the section or group stage, the team with the least number of blue cards or red cards will progress.

• Third, if they have the same number of cards then progress will be decided on the head to head results between the two teams.

• Goal difference will only be used between the teams that cannot be separated using the above criteria.

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• Therefore it should be noted that high scores and/or Goal difference do not contribute to deciding on placings unless more than 2 teams are tied in position and thus will only include the score between these teams.

(14) Fair Play

• Fair Play will be encouraged throughout the tournament. There will be a trophy for Fair Play.

• Two coaches will be awarded fair play awards for the way they support, encourage and induce their teams into the genuine spirit of football, sport and fair play.

(15) Referees

• Each match will have three referees. Two referees will be positioned at either end of the playing court. The senior referee will be free to move around as he or she sees fit.

(16) Homeless World Cup Court Proportions

• Size of court: 22 (long) x 16 (wide) meters.

• Goal size: 4 m wide x 1.30m height, depth approx. 1 m.

• Penalty area: half circle with 4m radius.

• Height of boards: 1.10m.

• Net: behind both goal-sides is a net which is 3m in height.

• Place for players: 2 players benches at the long side of court.

• Entrance for players: 2 separate entrances at the long side.

• Size of ball: Size 5

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(17) Spirit of the Game

• Each game is to be played under the Spirit of the Homeless World Cup. All participants (including management) are expected to uphold a high standard of behavior and integrity both on and off the pitch. Gamesmanship (i.e. the use of dubious - although not technically illegal - methods to win or gain a serious advantage) is not in the Spirit of the Competition and will not be tolerated. This may result in sanctions. The Sports Committee’s decision is final.

(18) Disrepute

• A Participant in the Homeless World Cup must not bring the Homeless World Cup Foundation, their team or the game into Disrepute.

ADDITIONAL TOURNAMENT INFORMATION

ARRIVAL TIME AND SIGN IN PROCESS

• It is a requirement that a team arrives at the venue ready to play no later than 45 minutes prior to a game. The Team Manager is required to register at the Competition Office at that time. This informs us that the team has arrived and is at the competition site. The Team Manager must confirm the team list for the next game of competition. This is repeated for each match.

AT THE PITCH

• Teams should arrive at the pitch five (5) minutes prior to the completion of the match in progress. The Team manager must make contact with the pitch coordinator to acknowledge they are at the pitch;

• Changing room facilities will be available to competing teams at the venue (please check the time table that will be provide for each team);

• Footwear: non-studded footwear only, i.e. no football boots;

• 8 players and 2 coaches maximum at pitch side, no additional entourage or players from another team;

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• All players that have been declared injured or not fit (at team registration) must wear identifying bibs when at pitch side;

RESERVE PLAYERS

A reserve player is made available to the team applying after the following consideration:

• When team has six or more players, no consideration will be undertaken; including goalkeepers.

• When the team has five players fit and available they will be allowed one reserve player from the reserve team squad.

• When that team has four or less fit players they will be allowed two reserve players from the reserve team. Three national team representatives should be on the field at all times including the Goal Keeper

• The allocation of the reserve player is based on a ‘first and best availability’ system. A player cannot be requested, nor can they be used as a starting player and may not have a majority of court time.

• Goal Keepers may be available, however this is based on consideration of the circumstance. It is the responsibility of the coach to manage their roster of players accordingly. A goal keeper is not always available to cover the injury of national goal keeper.

WARM UP PITCHES

• Three pitches will be available for warm up at the Chile 2014 Homeless World Cup Venue

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APPENDIX II

MESSAGE FROM MEL YOUNG ABOUT HOMELESS WORLD CUP Source: http://www.homelessworldcup.com/a-message-from-mel/

What we do in the Homeless World Cup is very simple to straight forward. We work know in 74 countries and we simply work with the homeless people in the street, bargained them into playing football. Then we build people confidence, self-esteemed as the result of their involvement. It is about effect, so 80% consisting 80% to the players involved to changes their lives forever, get into houses, get into job, etc. Sot that is what we are all about, that is the reason why we use football, it is growing, we doing more, it is effectful, it works. Two very fundamental changes is taking place among the people who are watching and the people who are playing. So you are breaking down the barrier, destroying stereotypes. And from that we building, so it is happening across the world, so we started it off just with 18 countries, now we are 74. The pass, we passed to 3 days, I have been speaking to 3 new countries that want to come and join, and so people are replicating it and beauty of it is simply and it works. The ultimate aim of the Homeless World Cup is not to exist, because we should not have held the Homeless World Cup on the first place because it should be no more homelessness. And that is what our ultimate aim is and our systematic change to creator. So my message to all of the people is do not think about necessary the big huge thing that you can do, do small things, do small things well, and then I believe if we all do something small, we will change the world. You know sometimes the work we do is pretty hard and come into so destroying, and it is climbing up down the mountain sometimes, but then you meet somebody else who sitting next to, inspire by them, you hear their story and you like, “wow it is amazing”.

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APPENDIX III

INTERVIEW WITH MEL YOUNG (THE FOUNDER OF HOMELESS WORLD CUP) ON 7TH JANUARY 2015

Researcher: What do you think about Indonesia?

Mel Young: On personal level I did not have much experience about Indonesia as a country or its people until I met the team that came to the Homeless World Cup. So the following meeting them I have very positive image of Indonesia. The team and the management are so friendly, open, and fabulous people. So no I have very good image of Indonesia.

Researcher: Where did the idea of Homeless World Cup came from?

Mel Young: I have been working with homeless people for a long time, many years, since 1993, and also I have been working internationally. We had a conference together, some experts on homelessness. We had very good conference, very positive, but we questioned how we could get homeless people involve to experiencing what we are experiencing, very positive indeed. We talked about having a conference but then there was problem with that conference because there were problems about language, visas, and employment. And then we said there is international language which is football, maybe we could have football competition. So that is where the idea generated and we had this conversation in 2001, me and Harald Schmied, in 2003 we had the first one

Researcher: What do you do for living beside Homeless World Cup organization?

Mel Young: That is all I do. We do annual event which is actually a big event if you look at the number of countries involve. We have big networks and partners. So we have a lot to do in term of organize the annual event, supporting partners, and also talking with governments, talking with media, talking with football authorities, explain what we do. So you can work for 24 hours a day if you like

Researcher: As you know Indonesia achievement in International football not really good, so what can Indonesia do to be success or win in Homeless World Cup (not only trophy but also helping homeless people)?

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Mel Young: for the first point everyone who comes to Homeless World Cup is a winner. The important is about transformation of the players. Their participation is very important for us. How they change, it is about the effect in players’ life. Second point would be the sport side, Indonesia always do really well. I mean they have very good team and they always finish in the top ten, so in my view anytime they might win, keep doing wore what they do, to practice, and to work on the tactic, and to keep their strong spirit, and one day they will win. I am sure of it.

Researcher: That is quite about the trophy, but what about Indonesia involvement in reduce or help homeless people?

Mel Young: It is a sport event and it is about winning the trophies but everyone will get the medals no matter where you are, how good you are, because it is about participating. But for us, the key thing is the effect. We would not do the annual event if it just an event. (Homeless World Cup) which is very nice event. People should come and watch. But we keep the critical thing is about the change that created in people’s life. That is the most important thing and that is the outcome we want to see.

Researcher: How far do you think Indonesia involvement in giving effect to help homeless people especially in the country through Homeless World Cup Organization?

Mel Young: each country must have they own objective. Homelessness and poverty itself is differences from country to country. So for example in US, homelessness is very different with in Indonesia, or India, or Russia. It is about creating path to solve it. We using football, first step is using football, creating psychological change, getting some self-respect from (from social problem) employment, housing, coming of drugs or whatever as I say that different from country to country.

Researcher: Why do you think Indonesia or other countries should involve in this organization?

Mel Young: Because obviously there is the issue (homelessness) in Indonesia and other countries and absolutely sure Indonesia should involve (in Homeless World Cup) because it is effectful. They are key part of our family. We very support what they do (join Homeless World Cup)

Researcher: If you say it is effectful why the number member are still around 74 or 75 countries?

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Mel Young: We still a small organization and some way we are reactive rather that proactive. The numbers are continued to rise. That is mean many countries want to join. But few countries in the world do not have the problem. Basically every country in the world have the problem. For example USA is the richest country in the world and they have a problem with homelessness. It does not matter how rich the country is and how poor the country is, it seems to problem. This is the challenge. My motto is as long as this people who are homeless and need our support to be involved then they can join in. we have a lot of members from Europe and we want more Asia countries to join.

Researcher: Does homeless World Cup organization work with government?

Mel Young: We would work with governments. It depends with the governments. Some governments are very interested and other government could not careless. That is actually quite a big different. We would internationally argue that the government should (involve in Homeless World Cup) because they interests. So what you find in some countries have very good relationship between the street soccer partner and government and some not. In Scotland, our Scottish partner has a good relationship with the government. The government understands what they are doing, understand the effect, and actually providing the finance. So they work together with our partner. This something that is very positive. So some other countries are like this and some not

Researcher: Are there any other program beside football tournament?

Mel Young: Football is our front door. And from football we can do other program with our partners

Research: Where does the fund come from?

Mel Young: The funds are come from sponsors and donation. We also have fund from football authorities, for example UEFA. Now we have new initiative which is Homeless World Cup Supporters Club where we encouraging people to join become a member and you pay 30 Pound for life member. We also do that to raise fund and build network

Research: Do you think Indonesia could be the host?

Mel Young: Yes why not. There is a bidding process we have to go through. We have not been to Asia. We would like to be in Asia in some point for sure. Indonesia has to make a bid there is no reason why they could not be successful.

Research: Let say if Indonesia becomes the host, what will it gives effect?

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Mel Young: We must discuss with our partners first. We wanted to leave legacy in Indonesia. if we come to Indonesia we want to raise the hole profile of the whole country and what our partner doing and also a lot of media all over the world. Indonesia will be the point of focus. For sure Indonesia media will be interested as well as social media. We hope we get a clear message to everybody about the power of football

Researcher: Do you think Indonesia national partner (Rumah Cemara) has succeeded enough?

Mel Young: Yes, I mean the work they do is really great. Our work is not done because there are homeless people around. We have a lot to do to tackle the central problem together and hopefully we would be better. The work of Indonesia partner is very good but we want to do more.

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APPENDIX IV

RECCOMENDATION LETTER TO INTERVIEW WITH RUMAH CEMARA

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APPENDIX V

INTERVIEW WITH RUMAH CEMARA ON 7TH JANUARY 2015

Researcher: So Indonesia first participation in Homeless World Cup is in 2011?

Rumah Cemara: Yes. Rumah Cemara actually set as official national partner in 2010. At that time the Homeless World Cup were held in Rio, Brazil. We had opportunity to send the players but we had lack of fund. We finally able to send the players in 2011 and the struggled was very dramatic. We had certainty fund two weeks before departure (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: How was Rumah Cemara Formed?

Rumah Cemara: Rumah Cemara was established in 2003. Actually Rumah Cemara is a community based organization to the people who living with HIV/AIDS and drugs addict. We prepare sport as media to increase their life’s quality. The beginning programs that we had are treatment and rehabilitate to drugs addict and also we focused in HIV/AIDS issue. Now Rumah Cemara has severals programs like home reduction, children program, and sport program. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: Why football?

Rumah Cemara: Because everybody loves football. Football is universal and can be played by all people. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: What is the main goal of Rumah Cemara?

Rumah Cemara: To create Indonesia without stigma. That is our highest dream that we want to create. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: How is this far?

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Rumah Cemara: This far the effort that we do is very effective. Now Rumah Cemara is not as exclusive as before. At the present time, we develop the social inclusion more. There are more people that not drugs addict or living with HIV/AIDS that involve in Rumah Cemara. (Rizky Kurniawan and Ricky Irawan)

Researcher: How about the fund?

Rumah Cemara: for the fund 75% comes from foreign fund, 9% from the government, and the rest from privates. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: Whether by following Homeless World Cup influenced the development of Rumah Cemara?

Rumah Cemara: After we joined the Homeless World Cup we get more partners from abroad especially in football affairs. We also become partner of one of FIFA programs, which is Football for Hope. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: Whether actually Rumah Cemara has been “seen” by the government?

Rumah Cemara: Now Government has already started paying attention to Rumah Cemara especially for the Homeless World Cup. The Government began to help in 2013. (Ricky Irawan)

Researcher: How big Rumag Cemara influence to the society?

Rumah Cemara: The society actually has the right answer. But if it's based on current data and statistics we've helped about 10000 people throughout Indonesia. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: What are Rumah Cemara obstacles?

Rumah Cemara: The obstacle is lack of Government support. Whereas, the support from society is keep increasing. At the time when we wanted to send the team in 2012 we do 1,000 for 1 program where we invite people involvement to help and the result was very good. (Rizky Kurniawan and Ricky Irawan)

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Researcher: How was the story Rumah Cemara received an invitation from Homeless World Cup?

Rumah Cemara: Ginan (the founder) at that time addicted to movies. At that time he discovered one documentary film about football that tell the Homeless World Cup 2006. Then after searching for all information about the Homeless World Cup, finally Rumah Cemara tried to apply to represent Indonesia. After passing through some process finally on 2010 Rumah Cemara set to be a national partner of the Homeless World Cup from Indonesia. (Rizky Kurniawan and Ricky Irawan)

Researcher: That is means there is no cooperation with government??

Rumah Cemara: No. Until now all Indonesia matters in Homeless World Cup there was no coopeartion with the government except for the cost of departure especially from the Ministry of Youth and Sports and also from the government of Bandung. We also do not corporate with PSSI (Indonesia Football Federation) yet. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: What is Rumah Cemara opinion about Homeless World Cup Organization?

Rumah Cemara: Homeless World Cup clearly giving the change. By participate in homeless World Cup, the stigma and discrimination is decrease. The people will believe more that I have quit consume drugs. People believe I have changed. (Ricky Irawan)

Researcher: What is the purpose to participate in Homeless World Cup?

Rumah Cemara: We want to make social change. Help people to have more quality of life in social, financial, and personal life. For example in 2012, at that moment one of the players of Indonesia was “sakau”. Eventually by holding the pain and his intention to change he finally quit. He is not interested anymore to use drugs because he wanted to focus on Homeless World Cup. And now he's already recovered. (Rizky Kurniawan and Ricky Irawan)

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Researcher: What are the differences before and after join Homeless World Cup?

Rumah Cemara: The difference is now more people know about Rumah Cemara. team will come to Indonesia on 15 January to play football with us. (Rizky Kurniawan and Ricky Irawan)

Researcher: What is League of Change?

Rumah Cemara: League of Change is Homeless World Cup miniature or Indonesian Homeless World Cup. The concepts are almost same with Homeless World Cup. League of Change is national street soccer league that held by Rumah Cemara. The purpose is to givw social change through football. Other purpose is to selecting players for Homeless World Cup. The fund comes from Australia Embassy. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: How is government role now?

Rumah Cemara: The Ministry of Sport and Youth has started to give attention. We hope government support will be more. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: In 2011 the biggest fund came from PT. Sido Muncul, how about the following years?

Rumah Cemara: In 2012 the biggest fund came from private sector such as Bank BJB and Pertamina. In 2012, we also did 1000 for 1 program. In 2013 government started to give support through Ministry of Sport and Youth. At the time the government helped the ticket of departure. Then 2014 the government still provides funds departure ticket with more number of money. Beside government, private sectors still also help us such as Pertamina, PDAM Kota Bandung, and Bank BJB. Dan also support from local brands. (Rizky Kurniawan)

Researcher: How are the views from other countries towards Indonesia?

Rumah Cemara: Good, positive. There are more country knew about Indonesia due to Indonesia achievements. We have a good rating in the Homeless World Cup. Last released we ranked at seventh. Even the manager of South Korea said

95 that Indonesia is the strongest from Asia. He also wants to invite Indonesia team to play in South Korea. Switzerland Manager also came to us and asked to imitate the fashion style of Indonesia players. It means Switzerland management always gives attention to Indonesia. The Switzerland manager also will visit Indonesia in the end of January. (Febby Arhemsyah)

Researcher: Is it possible for Indonesia to host Homeless World Cup?

Rumah Cemara: It is very possible. Technically, Indonesia is very ready to be the host. That is needed the commitment from the Government and community support. The Homeless World Cup is always held in the landmark of the host country while Indonesia has a lot of landmarks. (Rizky Kurniawan and Febby Arhemsyah)

Researcher: Let say if Indonesia host the Homeless World Cup, what are the effect?

Rumah Cemara: Obviously it will be a tourism promotion because would be a lot of people coming from abroad, not only the players but also the media. It will also provide a direct effect on social change not only for players but also for the community in Indonesia because there will be a lot of people who watched the event. In addition, this event can be used to develop the existing social issues in Indonesia. (Rizky Kurniawan and Febby Arhemsyah)

Researcher: What is Rumah Cemara next plan?

Rumah Cemara: We will continue to send representatives of Indonesia in Homeless World Cup 2015. We will also do selection for the player. We will also do selection from inmate because for us whoever has the social problems have the right to participate in Homeless World Cup. (Rizky Kurniawan)

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