CO/15T/1L ZONE nflrMQEriENT PLAN
FOR TAMILNADU
ENVIRONMENT & FOREST DKPARTMENT
f'iil. 0 flq niashwargm Indian ocewti PREPARED BY DIRECTORATE OF TOWN AND COUN TRY PLANNING GOVERNMEN T OF TAMILNADU MADRAS - 600 002 JUNE 1996 COrtSlYlL ZOI1E n/IMrtQEfUCflT Vldli TOR TAMILNADU ENVIRONMENT & FOREST DEPARTMENT tc\J» x\yt% Indian ob««M PREPARED BY DIRECTORATE OF TOWN AND COUNTRY PLANNING GOVERNMEN T OF TAMILNADU MADRAS - 600 002 JUNK 1996 CONTENTS Page No, Executive Summary 1 Recommendations il CHAPTER 1 1-43 Physical Setting of Tamil Nadu Coast Geo]ogy Geomorphology Climate Resources N Wave CIimate and Coasta] Response Socio Economic Conditions of Tamil Nadu Coast Popul ation Occupation Other Major facilities Devel opment Scenerio of Tamil Nadu Coast Coastal erosion Ports and Harbours Pol 1 ution Aquaculture CHAPTER 2 44 - 48 Base Maps for the preparation of Coastal Zone Management PI an of Tamil Nadu x. Coastal Water Bodies Categorisation of CRZ CHAPTER 3 49-91 Coastal Regulatlon Zone ANNEXURES Coastal Zone Management PI an Maps of Tamil Nadu (31Maps-Reduced) Coastal Regulation Zone Plan for MMDA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Government of India by their Gazette Notification dated 20.2.1991 declared the Coastal stretches of seas, bays, estuaries, creeks, rivers and backwaters which are influenced by Tidal Action (in the landward side, upto 500 metres from the High Tide Line and the 1 anc between the Low Tide Line and the High Tide Line as Coastal Regulation Zone and imposed certain conditions. The respective State Governments and Union Territories were directed to prepare Coastal Zone Management PI an with High Tide Line 500 metres regulation line other boundaries and different categories of coastal areas for the approval of Ministry of Environment ana Forest. This report presents the Coastal Zone Management Plan (CZM) of Tamil Nadu. A description of the regu- lation zone ana its categories are given in this report A reduced version of 30 original 1:25,000 scale plates are included in the report. The recommendation emerging out of this exercise are given overleaf. RECOMMENDATIONS 1. For regulating activities in the Co.astal Areas as per the ministry of Environment and Forest Notificationj the Coastal Zone Management Plans fCZMP) prepared for the entire Tamil Nadu Coast ^ay be used. 2. The 500 metre and 200 metre lines from High Tide nine has been used as per the maps produced by Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University,and has to be established with reference to physical j and marks. 3. For detailed planning of the Coastal Regulation Zone and adjoining areas, it may be necessary to use cadastral scale (1:4000) maps. In such cases, the regulation 1ines given in the present maps (1:25,000 scale)may be considered as a general guideline. 4. The associated features of the sea, like creeks, backwaters, tidal action on rivers, swamps etc., have been taken as furnished by the Institute of Remote Sensing and if found different while preparing the maps as per Hydrographic maps to be rcade available by Chief Hydrographer. say be altered with prior permission of Ministry of Environment and Forest. 5. As mentioned in the Notification, an appropriate Authority may be entrusted with the responsibility. oi implementing the regulation and for undertaking Coastal Area Planning and Development. c CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1_ A. Physical Setting of Tamil Nadu Coast Geo! op,y Tamil Nadu Coast is punctuated by a number of interesting 1 andforms starting from tbe brackish water Pulicat. Lake in the North to the rocky coast of Kanya- kumari in the South. Many other features, such as mud flats, sandy beaches, mangroves, marsh, delta, creeks, palaco beach ridges etc., are present along the coast. The coast line of Tamil Nadu from Pulicat in the North to Kanyakumari in the South is over a thousand kilometers 1 ong. Geologically, the east coast is the edge of a ' gradually falling landscape with water. The slopes are extremely flat in the entire Tamil Nadu Coast on the landward side and the same is generally true on the seaward side as wel1. Except for a ?syste» of off- shore trenches off Porto Novo and Karaikkal , the continental shelf is of gradual slope. It is very shallow in the Pal k-strait-Gulf of Mannar area, where the sheltered waters sport a thriving coral reef and is a barefly submerged land bridge along the chain of islets referred appropriately as Adam's bridge between Indian Coast, and Sri] ankan Coast. The seaward and landward sides also exhibit very few rock out crops. Indeed the only noticeable ones are at Manal 1 apuram, just south of Madras. The geology of Peninsular India is basically Archean gneisses. Sedimentary load In this coast is mainly by Peninsular rivers, particularly the Cauvery delta. The alluvium deposited by the other rivers,Pal ar, Gadilam, Vaigai and Tambaraparani are not very heavy in comparison. The coastal zone is almost entirely aranatious coarse and fine sand. It is mostly sterile with little or no organic matter and supporting little vegetation, save odd thorny bushes except in mangrove swamps. The sand zone is a fl at broad pi ain for a width varying from 200 ra. tc 300 m. in most stretches, while going upto 500 ra, at others. However it builds up into dunes near Cuddalore and dune formation is extensive'" in the southern half /of the coast from Raiaanathapurara coast upto Kanniyakunari Coast. In fact this reaches very significant levels in Tirunelveli Coast around Tisaiyanvil ai and Uvary. Geomorphology: In the north, near Pul icat range, three strand lines, with intervening broad tidal falts occur in the coastal plains. Lagoons, Mangrove swamps, salt marshes, estuaries, creeks, barrier, dunes, spits and beach terraces represent the marine 1 andforras. Major Georaorphic features of the coastal tract consists of an upland plain(Fluvio erosional ), Flood plain (Fluvio-depositional ), deltaic plain (Fluvio-Marine) and coastal plain (Marine). A large part of the deltaic area of the coast is occupied by interdistributory flood basins, comprising brown and reddish grey sil ty clay and fine sands. The coast near Mandapam is a huge cuspate foreland and continuation to this is Rameswaram Island which is built over a platform of quatenary sand stone end coral reefs. The Geonorphic features figurijjgon the southern extremity of the coast along Tuticorin and Kanniyakumari are beach, coastal lowlands, coastal plains, wave cut platforms, cl iff ed coast and cape. Cl imate: The meteorological aspect of the coastal zone is interesting. The normal wind speeds are not excessive, •but are sufficiently breezy. The rainfall on this coast is'mainly due to the returning monsoon from north-west during October-Decesber seasons. The southern tip of Kanniyakumari coast however is the en!y portion of the Inxiiar larici-mass to receive both the monsoons and has preci.p'-tat. ions upto 250 cms. The rainfall elsewhere vcir-'e:i-. from a moderate ICG cms. at the northern end of Macirai^-Pondicherry coast to about 150 cms. at Thanjavur coast: . Further it rapidly declines, being in the shadow ; of 3r 5 1 ankan 1 andmass to leave che Ramanathapuram- Ti rune.i vel i coast mostly dry. Resources: Ground Water Resources: Ground water is a most valuable resource for ajsri.cj tural ana industrial development ana caters to 40° oi the total irrigated area in Tamil Nadu. The ground water potential of the coast is est-i rmced based on the rainfall, recharge etc. Ground wa~e-T is extracted along the coastal blocks for different uses :iuch as for drinking, domestic, industrial ana agri cui tural purposes . The ground water extraction has beer1 extensive in the districts of Cftengai-MGR. South Arcot, T&isror.vur and moderate in other southern coastal districts. In the Coastaj stretch of Tamil Nadu generally fousr different aquifer. systems have been identified,viz., waiter table, filter peine, shallow and deep acqutfer system f j^'nea mainly on the coastal sand dunes largely caters t.c rile needs of the people along the coast for both domestic ar-v agricultural purposes. The Chemical quality of ground water along the cc- varies from place to place depending on1 1 : choi ogy. r: -.fill, topography ana affect of sea—-iter intrusion. In the coastal tract, vide variation occurs in tne c - scceri sti c of fresh water and saline aquifers depending o^ the hydrogeol ogi cal situation. The danger of oossible Si - ^ater intrusion into coast-ai aquifers needs continuous ir.;»* i-oring. Mineral Resources In the area around Pul icat and Gummidipoondi the occurrence of lime shells, salt and silican sands are very much noticed. Coastal areas rich in Monozite, IImnite Zircon Grnet etc. Tamil Nadu Coastal sands are also a significant source of many minerals of the Titanium-Zircon-Thorium group. These occur in significant quantities in the southern extremes around Manavalakkurichi in Kanniyakumari coast. Oil and Natural Gas Resources The Tamil Nadu coast from Pondicherry to Rameswaram has been identified as the potential area for exploration of Oil.and Natural Gta Commission has been conducting its operations in this area. There has been substantial finds of Oil both on land and off shore areas of the Cauvery Basin. VJave Climate and Coastal Response During the monsoons the coast is very vulnerable to cyclones which occur with regular frequency bringing in wind speed, upto 200 kmph and tieds upto 10 metres. The surf is very active with a normal tide of a metre. There is a strong 1 itteral drift in the northern part of the coast. The current is fairly strong in the Pondicherry-Madras sector and virtually seals of the riverine estuaries during the low flow season. This has resul ted in almost al 1 the rivers in this sector to develop a sand-bar locked lagoon to their northern bank creating a series of fresh and brackish water swamps or lagoons. The Pulicac Lake at the northern border around Sriharikota island is the biggest of these. This coupled with the southward drift of Palar river over the last 100,OOC years have left a series of i arge sub-soil acquifie Table I COASTAL TOWNS/CITIES in TAMIL NADU AND THEIR POPULATION ACCORDING TO 1991 CENSUS District Name of the Urban Area Popu]ation Coastal Class according Town (1991) to 1991 census 1. Madras Madras (MC) I 174. .0 3841396 2. Chengai-MGR Thiruvottiyur(M) I 21, .42 168642 Pulicat (P) V 11, .86 4402 3. South Arcot Cuddal ore(M) I 5 .48 144561 Vail ar Portonovo(P) III 11 .81 23550 4. Nagai Nagapattinam(M) II 19 .50 99745 Quide Adhiramapattinam III 12 .80 26645 i Mil 1 eth Tranquebar(P) IV 19 .22 18881 Muthupet (P) IV 11 .27 18826 Akkaraipettai(P) V 4 .00 8756 Thirumul1aivasal IV 17 .26 11551 5. Thanjavur Vedaranyam(P) III 33 .97 27832 6. S'amanathap- Kilakarai III 27 ,20 29928 uram Rameswaram III 52 .36 32721 Mandapam(P) IV 21 .16 19935 Tondi(P) V 12 .38 19 240 7. Tirunelveli Tuticorin(M) I 13 .38 192949 KattabommanTiruchendur(P) III 13 .47 27420 8. V.O. Chidam -Kayalpattinam(P) III 16 .40 24428 baranar Arumuganeri. (P) III 10 .80 23453 Tuticorin(P) VI 2 .16 5912 Palayakkayal(P) VI 23 .79 4925 Kulasekarapattinam V 5 .76 7829 9. Kanniya- Kol achal ( ,) III 5 .18 24305 kumari Kanniyakumari(TS) IV 4 .91 17225 Total 58».42 4827057 Source : Censur of India -Tamil Nadu 1991 many of which are also on the coast. Indeed it is common in this belt to take fresn water acquifier fairly close to the coast, while farther island the usual sea-intrusion of brackish water wells are tapped for shrimp production. This however is not true farther south and salt pans occur close to the sea. B. Socio Economic Conditions of Tamil Nadu Coast Popul at.ion The coastline of Tamil Nadu, extending over 1000 KM in length is dotted with nearly 25 big and small urban centres, and about 260 villages and forms a major contributor to the economy of the State. These urban centres cover maritime district comprising of four Class I cities/towns, t . •. » anu one class II town and ten Class III towns. There exist al so jten overall townsbel onging to three lower classes. The growth of population in the coastal urban areas is on the increase. The rapia expansion of population in coastal urban areas is understandable since the coastal towns are centres of trade and ranufacturing activities. Nagapattinam, Vedaranyam, Adhivarampattinam, Muthupet, Kilakarai, Kayalpattinam, Kulasekarapattinam are some of the towns where population is predominant whose activities are oriented mainly towards trade and commerce. The density of population in the coastal urban area has higher concentration. The city of Madras has the maximun density in the State. The coastal urban areas constitute roughly 10% of the total urban areas of the State of 5860 sq.km. The population of coastal areas as per 1981 census was 39.73 lakhs and it was estimated to be in the order of nearly 50 lakhs in the year 2001. District: Chengalpattu M.G.R. Taluk: Ponneri Village No, Name of vj.llage Population Area Number of House- Density U<~'HS£8 holris 169 Palaverkadu Pulicat a/c 4184 1185.74 823 838 3.53 b/c 3660 797 797 c/c 5064 1102 1102 252 Karimanal 38 94.76 96 Thangalperumbalam 1674 715•56 404 404 2.34 93 Kalanji 161 457.01 44 44 0.35 92 Kattupalli 768 996.3 2 203 203 0.77 45 Pu zhu t h i v *kk am 301 1037.75 81 81 0.29 r • Distrlct: Chengalpattu M.G.P.. Taluk: Chengalpattu Village No. of House- Density Name of Village Population Area No. Houses hold Navalur 1546 209. .09 329 331 7,.3 9 Egattur 683 307. .84 100 100 2..2 2 Kazhipattur 1454 463. ,03 302 303 3, .34 Padur 2534 703. .91 536 539 3. ,60 Kelamba'klcam 2625 176. ,26 530 581 14. .89 M ama11apur am 8371 903. .00 1557 1772 9. ,27 181 Sadurangapattjnam 5798 259. .41 1283 1395 22. .35 200 Pudupattinam 18196 654. ,34 4200 4332 27. .81 201 Voyalur 4436 620.72 940 1016 7. ,35 Dlstrict: Chengalpattu M.G.R. Taluk: Chevyur VI13 age Name of Village Population Area No.of House- Density No. Houses hold 305 Mudaliyarkuppam 3598 1013.58 803 803 3.55 304 Panaiyur 5710 1261.38 1103 1106 4.53 293 Alambarai 2808 161.88 599 602 17.35 292 Kottaikadu a/b 5410 974.99 1122 1183 5.55 Kottaikadu b/b 2808 - 627 628 - 395 Kadalur 5223 1436.11 1137 1137 3 .64 106 Kilarkolloi 1578 211.84 319 322 7.45 352 Kanathur 2186 611.74 473 473 3.57 Guduvappa1lavadi Kudikadu. Pa nch ay amku ppam Thiyagavalli Thiruchopwram Kayalpakkarn Andar Mul lioallarn Singaraku^i District: South Arcot Vallalar Taluk: Cuddalore Village ' Name of village Population Area No. of House- Density No. Houses holds 177 Madallipattu 5165 640.67 1069 1069 8.06 3 4 Subarippalavadi 405 129.05 92 92 3.14 -11- Dlstrict: Chengalpattu M.G.R. Taluk: Tindivanam Village Name of Village Population Area No. of House- Density No. Houses holds 202 Marakkanam 16374 3490.69 3306 3399 4.69 205 Atchikadu 651 317.55 132 132 2.05 210 Panichamedu 1025 187. .13 203 203 5.48 215 Kunniro«du 7771 1885.3 7 1610 1611 4.12 214 Chettikuppam 1841 562.42 383 383 3.27 Pettai Arum and ai Pudunattu District: Chengalpattu M.G.R. Taluk* Vanur Village No. of House- Name of Village Population Area Density No. Houses holds 303 Kottakuppam 20950 965.J 3 3767 3859 21.71 258 Bommayampa1ayam 7017 1247.42 135.1 1364 5.63 Vadapattinam Thenpattinam Mugaiyur Paramankeni Vembanur Dlstrlcti South Arcot Vallalar Taluk» Chidambaram Village Name of Village Population Area NO. of House- Density No. Houses holds 75 Klllal 9461 1431.51 2068 2068 6.61 Pltchavaram R.F. - 1025.67 Pitchavaram Extension - 92.27 R.F. 62 753.45 1032 1056 6.63 Silambimangalam 4 995 63 865.06 681 682 3.77 Villiyanallur 3264 66 770.55 642 642 4.16 Kothattal 3202 69 890.74 546 546 2.95 Arlyagoshtl aA> 2631 680 690 Ariyagoshtl b/b 3472 76 Thandavaraya 1151 331.79 245 245 3.47 Cholanganpettal. District: Nagapattinam Quaid-e-Milleth District Taluk: Sirkali Village No. Name of Village Population Area No. of House- Density Houses holds Perunthottam Panda- 4270 607.57 984 989 7.03 ravadai Pudupa11i nam A/B 6175 1530.28 1427 1461 4.04 B/B 1269 fMk 295 295 Thandavakulam 4130 1022.20 1059 1059 4.04 Vedankudi 4646 1563.00 1022 1022 2.97 Thirumullalvasal 11551 669.24 17.26 (Urban Panchayat) Thennampattinam 4138 784,33 898 914 5.28 Kilalyur 6643 B 96«76 1453 1477 7,41 Vanagiri 5348 801.08 1164 1164 6.68 Distrlct* Nagai Quaid-e-Milleth District Taluk* Tharagambadl Village Name of Town Population Area No. of House- Density NO. Houses holds Poraiyar Ka1amanattur 2805 811.26 656 658 3.46 Marudarnpallam 28 02 502.16 617 617 5.58 Pillaiperumal Nallur 2593 839.25 626 626 3.09 Manikkapangu 4243 624.00 910 928 6.80 Sattangudi Taragambadl 18881 982.36 19.22 Nagapattinam Quaid-e-Milleth Nagapattinam Village Name of Town Population Area No. of House- Density No. Houses holds Nag ore A/B 83 18 18 B/B 887 193 193 Vadakkupoyar Pappakovil 2752 580.75 633 633 4.7 4 Prathiba Ramapuram 5779 1553.96 1315 1315 3.72 Karuvelangadai 1051 308.00 261 261 3.41 Hiiruppundi Kilchetti 4490 936.05 1136 1136 4.80 Therkkupoyur Vilandamadevi Vellankanni 6155 428.24 1501 1301 14.57 Vettaikaran Iruppu A/B 4648 1168.82 1193 1193 3.98 B/B 2240 601 602 Ngapatt inarm 86489 5843.85 14.80 # * • Dlstrlct* Nagal-Quald-e-Milieth Taluk* Vedaranyam Village Name of Town Population Area No.of House- Density No. houses holds M M •• n •<• w U i. t~ • •« «= I Ag a s th i arnpa 111 Kodiyakadu(Kodikarai) 176 2 694.71 384 384 2.54 Kovilpattu 2747 567<> 00 682 682 4.84 Vellapallarn 5311 937.37 1241 1243 5.67 Naluvedampattl 4938 959.69 1217 1219 5.15 Pushpavanam 5700 1370.31 1405 1407 4.16 Periyaguttagal 2233 614.90 513 513 3.63 Thoppathurai Vedaranyam U/A 29832 877.67 — — 33.99 -18- District: Nagai-Quaid-e-Milleth Taluk: Thl ru thurai poorjdi Village Name of Town Population Area No.of House- Density No. houses holds Muthup-t (1)Rural 18826 1670.45 11.27 (2)Urban 421 73.12 111 111 5.76 Thuraikkadu A/b 2 751 346 o 44 665 686 7.96 B/b -19- District: Nagai Quaid-e-Miliath Taluk: Nannllam Village Name ofTown Population Area No.of House- Density No. Houses holds Panangudl 1225 311.48 265 266 3.93 District: Thanjavur ~20- Taluk: Pattukottal Village Name of Town Population Area No. of House- Density- No. houses holds Thamblkku Nallavankottai Maravakkadu A/B 1715 2531.2 435 435 0.68 B/B 860 188 188 Thamblkku Nallavankottai Vadakku 3522 1293.02 896 896 2.72 Thamarankottai A/B 5252 2309.60 1202 1211 2.27 B/B 5025 1231 1231 Palanjur 2 092 1476.20 494 494 1.42 Adirampattinam 1591 98 7.40 241 241 1.61 Eripurakkarai 2504 829.40 530 530 3.02 Vellivayal 579 175.60 126 126 3.30 Sarabendrarayanpattinam 4563 207.34 780 850 22.01 Rajamadam 2094 625.20 513 513 3.35 Kollukkadu 1795 505.00 368 368 3.48 Pudupattinam 1300 242.20 251 258 5.37 Andikkadu 1409 366.80 324 324 3.84 Kollivoyal , 65 115.60 15 15 0.56 Karisavayal A/B 1113 221.88 255 255 5.02 B/B 551 129 129 « Distrlct: Thanjavur Taluk: Peravoorani Village Name of Town Population Area No.of House- Density- No. houses holds Rowthanvayal 793 129. ,48 128 131 VIllunnlyoyal 95 391. ,21 27 27 Adikadevan 611 335. ,15 144 144 Sendalalvayal 1167 186. .14 212 212 Nadiyarn 2093 707. .82 454 470 Sedubavachattram 1225 94. ,10 237 243 Marakkavalasai 1443 404. .31 286 292 Ariyakuttlthevan 24 115. .09 5 5 Thlruvathevan 1922 725. .16 410 417 Kuppathevan A/b 1496 536. >70 327 334 l B/b 479 ?..§ 3 89 9 i District: Pudukottai Taluk» Avudalyar Kovll Village Name of Town Population Area No.of House- Density No. houses holds Melastanam (3 part) 246 386.96 56 56 0.64 Manamelkudi A/b 8659 1135.24 1863 1864 7.63 B/b 4968 - 842 846 «y Kodikulam 10737 1028.64 2178 2304 10.44 Ki zh aman j akkuai 2081 594.50 413 413 3.50 Nattanipurasakudi 7719 916.21 1418 1436 8»42 Alaganvayal 2627 238,45 498 498 llo02 Enadi. 298 331.53 63 63 0.90 S ubr ahrnany apu r am 3092 239.96 504 528 12,89 Ravu th anvaya 1 169 36.87 40 40 4.58 Pi llaiyartidal 295 168.37 69 69 1.75 Munpalai 1616 873.69 312 312 1.85 Manamelkudi Avadaiyarpattinam 390 18.11 65 65 21.54 Thandalai A/b 943 598.54 230 230 1.58 B/b 551 - 94 94 - Periamadaipayachal A/b 2071 778.30 440 440 2.66 B/b 924 - 212 212 S^yyandiam 1203 761.35 239 239 1.58 Mimisal Palangulam D± strict: Ramanathapuram Taluk: Thiruvadanal Village Name of Village Population Area No. of House- Density No. houses holds Marungur A/c - 564.78 B/c 3870 637 637 C/c 1351 287 287 Uppur A/b 2989 670.85 590 590 4.46 B/b 585 123 123 T1rupoalaikudi 7078 286.63 1273 1273 24.69 Vattanam A/e 151 464.37 38 38 0.33 B/e C/e 490 101 101 D/e 1139 241 241 E/e Muthuramalingapattinami 254 155.46 49 49 1.63 Valangudl 218 81.78 41 41 2.67 Pudupattinam A/c 1278 115.38 233 235 11.08 B/c 1640 316 345 C/c 723 125 125 Chitturuvadi 2145 589.88 472 472 3.64 Taluk: Thlruvadanal contd. . Vlllage Name of Tovm Population Area No. of House Density No. houses holds Valamavur A/b 73 273.66 16 16 0.27 B/b 311 63 63 Thondi (U/A)(TP) 19240 1554.12 12.38 Nantbuthalai 6908 816.55 8.46 Kaliyanaguri K an ath ankundu • • -25- Ramanathapuram District: '4 Taluk: Raman a th apur am Village Name of Town Populatlon Area No. of House- Density No. houses holds 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. Pattennendal 623 681.60 139 139 0.91 M&ndapam b/c 1136 2263.92 247 247 0.50 c/c 4573 - 898 898 - Pudumadam 6940 783.19 1461.7;. 1^61 8.86 Devipattinam a/b 7635 1520.79 1486 1510 5.02 Devlpattinam b/b 715 - 148 148 - Chittrakkottai 6667 2106.82 1331 1337 3.16 Attiyuthu . 2407 1162.58 445 445 2.07 Terbuogi a/b 2972 1054.97 499 499 2.82 ferbuogi b/b 2190 - 400 400 «•> Alagankulam a/b 6390 2294.47 1319 1320 2.78 Alagpmkulam b/b 6974 - 1317 1317 - Attangarai 2854 814.76 601 616 3.50 Kilnagachchi 2328 954.12 502 502 2.44 Enmanamkondan 5159 481.17 1141 1154 10.72 r Pirappanvalasai a/b 2572 1070.61 625 625 2.40 b/b 1419 293 293 mm Sattakkonvalasai 2108 • 1332.92 405 406 1.58 Nochiyurani a/b 750 1305.20 152 152 0.57 b/b 1581 398 398 rnnl' fW Taluks Ramanathapuram contd.... 2. 3. 514. ft. 6. 7. Karan a/b 2130 1231.40 441 441 1.73 « b/b 1034 - 252 252 Rettaiyuranl a/b 903 1382.33 203 203 0.65 b/c 2972 - 717 717 - c/c 1571 - 380 380 - Perlyapattlnam a/b 6177 931.75 1122 1122 6.63 b/b 1585 - 337 337 -- Kallmankundu a/c 2484 1190.04 5 75 575 2.09 b/c 1922 - 417 417 - c/c 1070 - 262 262 - Tlruppullanl a/d 1849 2929.02 287 287 0.63 b/d 811 - 154 152 - c/d 2025 - 380 380 - d/d 1914 - 434 434 - Kanjlrangudl a/b 5431 1586.48 1049 1049 3.42 Keelakaral a/b 2906 1098.84 598 598 2.64 Koolakaral T.P. (u/a) 29928 1100.29 - - 27.20 Mayakulam 3107 1374.12 601 601 2.26 Ramanathapuram Rameswaram Village Name of Town Population Area No. of House** Density No. houses holds Rame swaram (TS) u/a 32721 624.92 52.36 Pamban a/b 11602 2304 2312 Pamban b/b 12199 2352 2376 V.O.Chidambaranar Vilathlkulam viiiage Name of Town Population Area No. o£ House- Density No. houses holds Vembar a/b 1417 1323.25 254 265 1.07 b/b 3705 664 675 Vaippar Part 1 a/b 18 75 3700.95 427 429 0.51 Part II b/b 2551 473 485 Reviasamipuram Kallaranal -29- District: V.O.Chidambaranar Taluk: Ottapidaram Village Nam» of village Pooulation Area houses hSds" Density No. aos M Kila Arasaid 1368 1315.43 303 306 1.04 Pattanamarudur 838 1074-.88 165 .165 0.78 Taruvaikkulam 4587 1728.30 876 876 2.65 Districtt V.O.Chidambaranar Taluk: Tuticorin Village Name of Town Area No. of ( House- Density No. houses ' holds Sankarapperi a/b 53 76 1317.94 1157 1180 4.03 Mullakkadu 2271 120.86 13.79 (Tuticorin u/a village) Tuticorin (Rural) 5912 2737.04 2.16 (Tuticorin u/a village) Tuticorin (Town) 199854 14836.97 13.47 Milavittan 10679 298.88 35.73 (Tuticorin u/a village) Mappilaiurani 13327 15 30*08 8.71 (Tuticorin u/a village) t31- Distrlct: v.O.Chidambaranar Taluk: Srivaikuntam Village No, Name ofTown Population Area No,of House- Density houses holds Palayakayal 4925 207.02 23.79 (Tuticorin u/ci village) Mukkani V.O.Chidambaranar Tiruchendur VI11age Name of Town Population Area No. of House- Density No. houses holds Punnakayal 5521 406.83 939 1003 13.57 "Veerapandianpattinam 852.81 666 707 4.02 a/b 3431 292 292 b/b 2354 Kulasekharanpatnam 1/10.26 308 308 8.12 a/b 1139 996.15 509 516 2.20 Madhavanku r icbi 2190 453.57 916 919 11.64 Manapadu 5280 1489.51 16.40 Kayalpattinam 24428 (Thiruchendur u/a village) Kil Tiruchendur 27420 2611.43 10.50 u&amoidi Karaichattu District* v.o.Chldambaranar Taluk? Sattankulam •t> iM M W* — — — — * — — — —° — — ** — ** "* "" ''' "" Village N&me of Town Population Area No.of House- Density No. houses holds Padukk apattu a/c 2267 1523.09 501 504 1.49 b/c 1723 - 413 3513 c/c 3R27 - 636 692 Thirupanlputham tharrival District» Tirunelveli Kattabomman Taluk* Radhapuram Village Name of village Population Area No.of House- Density No. houses holds 27 Kuttam 4414 2554.06 890 892 1.73 8 4 Kami chchufchu v a r i a/b 2967 811.53 6 98 700 3,,66 Karaichchuthuvari b/b 4671 485.13 900 935 9.63 u 29 Karaichchuthupdur a/b 3465 2297.07 811 812 1.51 Karaichchuthupudur b/b 3394 - 728 728 - 39 Tiruvambalapuram a/b 3148 1825.07 717 718 1.72 Ti ruvamba1apuram b/b 3281 812.76 660 662 4.04 38 Vijayapathi 9307 2595.15 1883 1893 3.59 82 Koodankulam 9023 2696.92 2009 2024 3.35 40 Erukkandurai 3328 4075.33 792 797 0.82 41 Chettikulam 8635 728.46 1823 1834 11.85 83 Levinjipuram 10544 1900.47 2316 2376 5.55 District: Kanniayakumari Taluk: Agastheeswaram Village Naine oit Town Peculation Area No.o£ House* Density No. houses holds 12 Neendakara 1 B' a/c 14796 2029.28 3036 3036 7.29 b/c 12365 2546 2546 c/c 2932 634 634 13 Dharmapuram a/e 13119 1176.97 26 28 2630 11.15 b/e 1415 257 257 c/e 893 204 204 d/e 570 130 130 e/e 3576 756 757 14 M adhu s oodh an apur am a/h 435 1512.50 81 81 0.29 b/h 2537 561 561 c/h -586 123 123 d/h 1407 319 319 e/h 847 183 184 f/h 1789 361 361 g/h 4795 918 920 h/b 15 Thengamputhoor a/e 12350 1317.93 2628 2628 9.37 b/e 10479 2297 2297 c/e d/e 3680 638 638 e/e -36- Taluk: Agastheeswaram contd X. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.' 7. 17 Thamarakulam e/f - 297 297 f/f 15 71 19 948.12 1856 1864 8.76 Agasteeswaram a/c 8301 795 795 b/c 4079 30 1738.42 1757 1758 4.40 Axhagappaputam a/b 7651 b/b 8472 1942 1947 KannlyaVcumarl a/d 188 0 656.97 430 430 2.86 b/d 1181 287 288 c/d 4301 951 951 Kanniyakumari > Kalkulam Village Name of Village Population Area No. of House- Density No. houses holds 28 Kadi apatt inarm a/c 9457 1925.94 1919 2002 4.91 b/c 11354 - 2378 2404 - c/c 12166 - 2018 2062 24 Manavalakurichi a/b 10267 1210.35 1967 2001 8«48 b/b 11019 - 2263 2264 - 22 Lakshmipuram a/b 15607 1344.22 3081 3081 11.61 b/b 7363 - 1671 1671 - Colachel a/e 1070 11291.60 199 199 0.83 b/e 4060 - 825 825 - c/e 14444 - 2851 2851 - d/e 11389 - 1917 1920 - Colachsl Town (Urban) 17225 3508.15 4.91 District: Kanniyakumari Taluk: Vilavancode Village Name of Village Population Ar*>a No. of House- Density No. houses holds 16 Kollencode a/b 30075 128 2.76 5831 6073 23.45 b/b 5909 1202 1242 m» 17 Ezhudesam a/b 18B19 1185.66 3600 3618 15.87 b/b 16786 2848 3037 Painkulam a/b 2 2822 948.30 4167 4227 24.07 b/b 1771 333 341 24 Keezhniidalam 16631 951.95 3200 3217 17.47 Keezhkulanr a/b 16239 1048.72 2971 3034 15.48 b/b 10740 1760 1807 23 Midalarn a/c 15334 1605.96 2936 2972 9.55 b/c 5451 1055 1055 c/c 7973 1511 1511 Occupation: The population on the northern range.of Tamil .Nadu coast are mainly engaged in harbour works,oil refineries, fishing and industries etc. The industrial activity includes fertilizer, engineering, thermal power station, chemicals and pesticides and pharmaceutical manufacturing. Sipcot- Industrial Complex in Cuddalore Taluk of South Arcot District,- Thermal Power Station at Cuddalore, Indian Steel Rolling Mills at Nagapattinam, Bromine extraction plant and salt manufacturing by Mettur Chemical and Industrial Corporation Limited at Vedaranyam provide employment opportunities to the habitants of the coastal area as well as of the hinterlands. Further south, the activities of the people are oriented towards fishing, aquaculture and salt pans, shell fishing, fertiliser and chemical units. Thermal Power Station etc. Other Major Facilities At the northern extremity of the Tamil Nadu Coast, the Pul icat Lake is situated which is a mini fishing harbour. In Madras city coast, lies the Habour. Coovum river estuary and south of this is the Marina Beach which i.s considered as the second best beach of the world. On the south of Adyar river, are the Theosophical Society and the famous Elliots Beach. At Muttukkaau, a tourist lagoon is located where a number of turtle hatcheries and a crocodile farm exist. Mamal1apuram, the famous beach resort which attracts foreigners and tourists from all over the country and depicts the skill and workmanship, architectural style of the artisans of the ancient, lies on che coast. These scultors compl rising of Sea Shore Temple, Five Rathas and other monuments were built during Pal lava period. Atomic Power Project at Kalpakkam is an important land mark and south of this is the Old Dutch settlement at Sadras. On Che south of Pondicherry is Cuddalore Town where there is port with an off shore anchorage and a fishing harbour. Further south is the Pichavaram backwaters. The ancient, port of Poompuhar and the old Dutch settlement of Tranquabar are located along the coast. Famous religious centres like Nagore, Velankanni are also located along the coast where there was a major port at Nagapattinam several decades ago. Muthupet. sanctuary and Vedaranyam, the famous town during the pre-independence era lie on the coast. Panban Town has a marine Biological Research Station. Along the coast are the pilgrim towns, Rameswaram, Tiruchendur and Kanniyakumari. Several islets and "Theevus" exist near Keelakarai point. Tuticorin Town where the Thermal Plant and large number of industries thronged has a major port. The southern tip or Indian Peninsular, Cape Comerin is the place where Bay of Bengal , Indian Ocean and Arabian sea converge. Offshore is the Vivekananda Rock Memorial . C. Developaent Scenerio of Tamil Nadu Coast Coastal Erosion This part of the coast has been perhaps the most active in India. Ancient Tamil literature repeatedly refers to two civilisations which were washed out by the sea before the third Madurai Sangay was established at the present 'location. Since snatches of works specifically composed in the earlier Sang air. era are extinct, Caere sust be some historical truth in this sea intrusion though no archaeological evidence has surfaced so tar. Sea coast was a distinct and.well populated habitat in the earlier periud and Is specifically referred t.o in laaiil literature from pre- Christian era as 'Neithal1. Archaeological1y the main significant points al on^ the coast are Mama! 3 apuram 40 Km. south of Madras and Poompuhar, the legendary port in Thanjavur coast near Cauvery outfall . Serious erosion problems occur at a number of pi act=-- along the coast, accentuated by a man made structures. A significant area is north of Madras harbour at. Kasimade-Ennore stretch. Ports and Harbours Major Ports and Harbour The sea ports play a major role in promoting national and international trade by generating commercial and -Industrial activities, which directly contribute to the economic progress of the country. The two major port::- jocated along the coast of Tamil Nadu are (i ^Madras and i) Tut.icorin. A satellite port in Ennore, north of M«uiras, for handling coal traffic intended for the nort.it, Madras Thermal Power Station. The State has two intermediate ports viz. ,Cuddal ore and Nagapattinam and severs .ai nor ports viz., Rameswaram, Pamban, Thondi, Kil a k:-.rai , Val1inokam, Kannyakumari and Col achel . All the intermediate and minor ports mostly serve the needs of rur-J areas close to the coast and provide employment pote.r .ial through their developmental activities. Pol 1ution The location of the settlements along the coast have ' \ei r major impact, on the environment due to tneir pressure on the sea-coast and pollution due to sewage, sul 1 fc and industrial effluents. The impact is being monitored by Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board. The stream of the coast north of Madras is a\ *o most severe! affected by Industrial activity. Besides chemical and thermal pollution of water, air borne particulate load is also high in this segment. As such this stretch gets close attention from the Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board. The human settlements are also imposing a load of built environment and ecological pressure on the coast. This is ought to be controlled through land use planning and regulatory legislations. The pressure of Tourism also threatens haphazard and uncontrolled exploitation of the litterate. The main pressures are being felt on the Madras, Mama!1apuram, Pondicherry-Cuddal ore, Tuticorin, Rameswaram and Cape- Comerin Coasts. The main source of pollution along the Tamil Nadu Coast are: i) Marine fall out of sewage and industrial waste; ii) Riverine discharges from contaminated rivers; iii) Thermal discharges from power station, cooling waters; iv) Oil spillages from tankers, tanker washings and off shore platforms; v;)i Deposition of air borne pollutents. Aquacul ture: The development of coastal aquacul ture consists of establishing aquacul ture farms with high periphery bunds which protect both the farm and the land behind the farm. The Tamil Nadu State has good potential for coastal aquaculture especially for diversified brackish wateraquacul ture along the coast-belt. Besides the prawns of cop.merci.al importance, a number of finfish of cultural values are available, notably the isilk fish, the seeds of which are available in adequate quantity near gulf of Mannar and Palk-Bay areas- The coastal belt. is also high in its resources of pe.ar. y oysters arid sea cucumber besides others of comneiral value. The coral reef fishes can be good source for fishery or ornamental value oriented towards export! arket. Sea-turties,Crabs, Eels, Mussels and sea weeds are s-o = of the species which show promise for culture and a.available along Tamil Nadu Coast. The coastal area or. Tamil Nadu from PuJicat. to Mandapam support, a rich _'D fossil deposit of shells which are mine regul ev ; y for making lime. The areas comprising in Pamban-Kilakarai stretch in Che §ul f of Mannar have the richest sea-weed resources in thie country and it. is estimated that, a total of 2432 it or.nes of sea-weeds have been harvested between 1966-tc. In addition sea-grass have occurred in these areas-... The leading institution like the Central Marine fisheries Research Institute ana the Central Institute of Brackish water aquaculture are doing pioneering work in developing aquaculture besides the State Fisheries Department, undertaking a number of research activities in varicus aspects of fisheries. The coastal areas of Tamil Nadu are the scenes of in.te-.se agricultural and fishing activities and in dust, ri al devel opmer.t.. (if r iteiip til1 W !v W ^ nl: ' ' ' •A' Sls^ff iili z uaxdviia - .;' • CHAPTER 2 A. Base Maps for the Preparation of CZM PI an of Tamil Nadu The existing reliable maps of the coastal areas are basically of two types; the Survey of India topo- graphic maps in 1:50000 scale and the cadastral or village maps of 1:3960, 1:782 or 1:1500 scale. The village maps do not contain the terrain, resource or assets information. The village maps, with due reference to the topo sheets, have been used earlier to classify the CRZ I, II and III Zone of the Coast. However, Government of India have instructed to use 1:25,000 scale maps with Low Tide Line, High Tide Line marked therein. The maps are not ready with Chief Hyarographer,Dehradun. The Institute of Remote Sensing, Anna University has prepared Coastal Zone Maps in the scale of 1:25,000, for the Space Application Centre, Ahsedabad. The above maps have been obtained from the Institute of Remote Sensing for preparing the Coastal Zone Management Plans. L . Coastal Water bodies: The institute of Remote Sensing, has marked all the water bodies including salt pans and sal t'marshes and have marked the 500 m. line along these water bodies also. For the purpose of regulation, the notification says "the distance from the High Tide Line shall apply to both sides in the case of rivers, creeks and back- waters and say be modified on a case by case basis for reasons to be recorded while preparing the Coastal Management Plans. However, this distance shall noc be less than 100 metres or the width of the creek, river or backwater which ever is less. The distance upto which development. along rivers, creeks and backwaters is to be regulated shall be governed by the distance upto which the tidal effect of sea is experienced in rivers, creeks, or back waters, as the case may be arid shoulccs be clearly identified in the Coastal Zone Management PI ans The Institute of R, ;iOt.e Sensing, have indicated in tivelr maps the water bodies and the 500 m. line and it is not known, whether tidal effect, has been considered in deciding the distance. It appears to be on the higher side, as in some places, it. extends even 10 to 15 KM inside:. This however has been adopted as such, pending availability of Hvdrcgraphic maps from Chief Hydrographer to the Government of India. According to the Notification, the Regulation Zone can extend upto 500 M. from the High Tide Line even in the case of water bodies. This will cause difficulty in case of built, up areas. The backwvcit.er is only an -associated feture and is not prone to erosion. Hence a " esser regulation zone of 100 M. is proposed for the water bodies. This has been explained in describing sheetwise details. B^ Categorisation of the CRZ According to the Notification, the CRZ has been categorised into four classes. Since Category IV deals with Andaman and Nicobar, Lakshdeep and small islands, it ii> not considered for Tamil Nadu. Category I (CRZ 1) Entire area between low tide line and high tide i ine stretching all along the Tamil Nadu coast, comes .mder this category. In addition, there are ecol o i ' eal 1 y sensitive and other important notified areas co mi n.- under this category. The following areas co~e undier this category: i ) Mangroves it"i Marine parks iii J Areas of outstanding natural beauty iv* > Historical/heritage areas v 'i Areas rich in genetic diversity vi ? Areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warning. vii i Any other areas as may be declared by the State/ Central Government from time to time. Mangroves The -.ost important, mangrove forests are located at Pi chavarar in South Arcot District, and Muthupet. in Thavtjavur District. Smaller pockets also occur in Ranrunathapur = - District also. All these mangrove forests have been classified as CRZ I. Marine Park The group of 20 islands along the Gulf of Mannar have: been constituted as a National marine Park. All the^e islands have been classified as CRZ I. The Muthupet Reserved Forest, the Vedaranyaa Swa'iJ, all in Thanjavur District, known tor its inter- nationally fa-.ous water fowl sanctuary, has been classified as CRZ I. Areas of outstanding natural beauty The Fulicar lake under this category has been cl a f ied as CRZ I. Historical /Heritage Areas The Government, of Tami] Nadu has notified the following towns as heritage towns. Detailed heritage towns are being prepared for these areas. i) Mamal 1apuram ii) Poompuhar iii) Tharangambadi iv) Nagore v) Velankanni vi) Rameswaram vii) Tiruchendur viii) Kanyakumari. Out of these Tharangambadi and Velankanni, which are sparsely built have been classified as CRZ I. The other towns are tourist centres and are built close to the shore and are urban centres as per Census. Mamal1apura and Poompuhar have been classified as CRZ III while in respect of other towns, the built up area alone has been classified as CRZ II. The areas close to the lagoons, salt marshes etc. which ao not have any settlements has also been marked as CRZ I. Category II (CRZ II) According to the notification all the developed area within the Municipalities/Corporations or other legally designated urban areas which have been substantial built up and which have been provided with drainage and approach roads and other infrastructural facilities such as water supply and sewerage comes under this category. i Apart, from Madras Metropolitan Area, there are four Municipal Towns, namely Cuddalore, Nagapattinam, Tuticorin and Col ache! and three important, tourist/ pilgrim centres viz. Rameswaran, Tiruchendur and Kanyakumari (all Town Panchayats and Urban Towns as per Census classification) and two important urban settlements viz. Thondai and Mandapam. In these towns, the areas where there is intense development and where infrastructural facilities are available. The built areas have been classified as CRZ II. The reltively undeveloped area "has been classified as CRZ III. Category III (CRZ III) Areas that are relatively undisturbed and those whicn do not belong to either category I or II is classified as CRZ III. The entire coastal stretch contains 30 sheets (excluding Madras Metropolitan Area) and large size maps in the scale of 1:25,000 has been prepared. However reduced size maps are attached to this report. » e uaidVHA Chapter 3 STRETCH 3 PULICAT LAKE TO HMDA BOUNDARY Tbi!s stretch extends from Andhra State on North to MMDA boundary to the South covering a distance of 22 KM. The entire stretch ]ies in Chengai MGR District. Except Pu] icat , t here is no other urban settlement in this stretch. Pbiy siography St: retch I consists of sandy beaches with beach sands and it extends over a width of 500 mts. from the coast ]ine and the tsandy beach rises up above the mean sea ] eve] upto 7 mts. Geo] ogy Tbie main geological formations occuring in the area are or Upper Gondwanas 'Sandstones and shales) and quarternairy (sand, silt and clay) in age, underlain by Archean crystalline rocks (Charnokite) Ge'-oniorpho] ogy Thus area is a vast coastal plain over a width of 5 Km. from Pul icat. lake (an enclosed ancient, bay) in the north) to Pudupattinam in r.'ne south. Three stranG lines, wi > n intervening broad tidal flats occur in the coastal plains. Lagoons, Mangrove swamps, Salt marshes, Estuaries Creeks, Barrier dunes, Spits and Beach terraces represent the marine 1 andf orms. The coast, line is mainly ;'.ccret i onary with noticeable erotional effect at. places especially near Ennore, Development of off snore bars and =ho)as is observed near Ennore and Pulicat villages. Important Land Marks Pul icat. Lake Ecologically the Tamil Nadu part of the Pul icat. lake is important since it has the only opening of the lake into the sea thus functioning as a migratory route of the spawning and estuarine animals like prawn, fish and mudcrab 600 ha. semi-saline areas available in Pazhaveradu An darmadam and Thangal perunkulam. The mudflats of Pulicat lake harbour a number of winter migratory birds. Ennore Creek Being a migratory route for many marine animals, this functions as a seed production centre for aquaculture. A heavy growth of green mussel and oyest.ers are seen in this area. Raft culture of green mussel and oyest.ers can be encouraged here. Cooum and Buckingham Canal Presently both these rivers are filled with sludge and there is no circulation of water in both. This stretch contains 2 sheets and these are explained hereunder. Sheet No.1 The area abuts Pulicat 1ake and extends over a stretch of about 16 km. towards west from the sea. The Koratlayor river joins the area at the stretch and number of lagoons interperse this area. The entire stretch has been classified as CRZ I except the Pulicat settlement. This settlement has a population of about 10.000 and is conneacted by Bus service. This settlement by virtue of it s locotion in the midst of backwaters has come in coastal regulation zone. As fixing of 500M from backwaters would result in the entire settlement ueinji affected, this has been restricted to 100M from ;:he water line and it has been classified as CRZ III. Sheet- No. 2 Tkvr! entire coast line consists of salt mash and henct? has been classified as CRZ I. STRETCH 2 MMDA BOUNDARY TO PALAR RIVER BOUNDARY Location The Stretch 2 of Tamil Nadu Coast begins from the Madras Metropolitan Area boundary and ends with the Palar river boundary and is 55 KM long. Mamallapuram Shore Temple and Kalpakkam Thermal Station are located in this Stretch. The entire stretch lies within Chengai UGR District Physiography This stretch has the same geomorphic features as that of Stretch 1, that, is, the sandy beach with beach sands; but. it rises slightly higher in this stretch than in the Stretch 1. Geology The Geological formations are Beach sands of Quarternary and recent periods, Cuddalore sandstone of iiio-pl iocene age, shales and sandstones of Upper Gondwanas and Charnokits of Archaean era (in the western part of this coastal stretch). Geomorphology The area is a vast coastal plain characterised by several strand lines (varying in elevation froa 5m to the • ean sea level), lagoon, salt marshes., ; estuaries,creeks carrier dunes, spits, beach terraces (ranging in eleva- tion fro* 4-12n:) etc. The Palar river debouches into the Bay of Bengal without a fluvio-oarine delta and the reason being giacio tectonoeustatic changes in the sea level during pieiscene anu holocene periods. Important 1and Marks Mama! 1 apuram This is a place of architectural interest and an important tourist centre. The shore temple, monolithic Chariot - known as 'Five Rathas', 'Arjunas', 'Penance', 'The Krishna liandapam', 'Mahisasura Mandapam', 'The Elephant' etc., are all magnificient pieces of sculpture. The place is also known as Seven Pagodas and along with Uie ses shore and its temple provide a beautiful picnic spot abounding in natural beauty. A training centre for sculpture has been set up by the Government here and students are recruited for training. Number of Holiday Resorts both by Government and Private has come along thi st ret ch- The stretch contains three sheet.sand sheetwise details ire given hereunder. Sheet L\'o.3 This sheet comes within MMDA. Sheet ^u.4 The villages coming on the East of Buckingham canal is included in the Madras Metropolitan area. The area west oil Buckingham canal is included in the Mamal 1 apuram Loca3 Planning Area. This has been marked as Coastal Regulation Zone, because of the Pal 1ikaranai Swamp. As old >:&r.:al 1 apuram Road passes through this stretch, which is witnessing rapid development due to restriction on the x:,n..T* Coast road, fixing of 500M as regulatory zone frok t oe water line may hinder development. The regul a- tcr> o stance is restricted to LOOM and the area has been cl dt>sii i:vrfd as CRZ III. -54- SheeU so.5 The Mamal 1 apuram Township area comes in this sheet and y.- irt in sneet. No.4. Thougn the Buckingham Canal does iot join the sea, there has been salt marsh on the west Location Stretch 3 begins from Palar estuary and ends with Pitchavaram Mangrove extending to about 90 KM. Cuddal ore^ Port and the Mangrove Forest at Pitchava- ram are the important places located in this stretch. This stretch includes part of Chengal pattu-MGR District and South Arcot District. Physiography This stretch has sandy beaches with beach sands in its northern part, but in the southern part, not only the beach sands are absent, but also the relief is more upto lOOmts. There are spot heights upto 54 mts. north of Pondicherry. The Pitchavaram swamps with mangrove forests is a typical geomorphic feature in this stretch. The geological formations of the coastal region of Tamil Nadu include the Upper Gondwanas and Cretaceous formations overlying unconformably the Archaear/crystal 1 ir.e rocks. The Cretaceous are in turn overlain by the Mio- pliocene formations (Cuddalore sandstones. The alluvium and 1aterite or Pleistocene and recent ages overlie these formations. Geomorphology Major geomorphic features of the coastal tract of Tamil Nadu consists of an Upland plain i Fluvio-erosional 1 Floor Plain (F! uvio-depositional ), deltaic plain (F1uvio-Marine) and coastal plan (Marine). The area forms parr of Palar, Vellar, Cauvery, drainage basins. Important LandMarks Cuddalore Town Cuddalore is the headquarters of Cuddalore Taluk and South Arcot District. The town can be divided into four parts viz. Cuddalore Old Town, Cuddalore New Town or Tiruppapul iyur on the South Bank of Gadilam river, Manjakuppam,.the official centre where public offices are situated and Fort St. David on the north of river Gadilam. Cuddalore Old Town is an important river port and a Commercial centre. In Tiruppapul iyur, there is an old Siva Temple dedicated to Lord Patal eeswarar which is referred to in the Thevarams . The Brahmotsavam festival in this temple is largest attended by people from adj-oining towns. Porto-Novo This pi ace is otherwise known as Parangipettai situated on the north bank of Mouth of .Veilar„ The Portuguese were the earlier European sett!ers of the pi ace from whom it passed into the possession of the Dutch The Dutch finally handed it over to the English in 1824. This town has a large musl im popul ationengaged mostly in sea trade. Tombs of several muslim saints were situated in this place, most important among them being the dongas of Saint Malemiyar, Araikasu Nachiar, Haziz Mirsahib and Saiyed Sahab. There are six sheets in the stretch and detai] s are expl af-Tied hereunder. Sheet No.6 The entire stretch is covered by lagoons and salt marshes. There are two existing settlements viz. Mugaiyur and Perunthuruvu. These two settlements are classified as CRZ III and rest of the area is classified as CRZ 1. Sheet IMo.7 This is continuation of the earlier stretch and the physical features are identical. The existing settlement Vil ] ivakkam is classified as CRZ III while rest of the area is classified as CRZ I. Sheet No.8 This is a coastal plain along the .coast, and consist of rural habitation. This stretch has been classified as CRZ III. There is a lagoon on the west and the 500M distance has been marked for the lagoon. This has been classified as CRZ I. Sheet No.9 The Northern portion of the area is covered by 1 agoorii: and hence classified as CRZ I. Major portion is occupied by Pondicherry state. Sheet No.10 The Northern portion of the area is s coastal plain consisting of rural habitation and hence hai been classified as CRZ III. The old port town of Cuddalore havi ? a population of about. 2 lakhs is located on the -58- sout-h. The town is built close to the sea and the area is the oldest part.of the town. It is thickly built up area. The distance trom the rivers has been restricted to 1Q0M. The entire builtup area has been classified as CRZ II. Sheet No.11 Northern portion is a coastal plain having rural settlements and the same has been marked as CRZ III, the area south of Vellar is a mangrove forest (Pitchavaram) and hence has been classified as CRZ I. The Port Nova an oldest Town having a predoreinent muslira population having the 1 ivelyhood on fishing and other coastal activities is located, just on the north of the Vellar river. This has been classified as CRZ III and the distance from water!ine is restricted to 100M. STRETCH 4 PITCHAVARAM TO PERAVURANI The stretch starts from Sirka] i and ends with Peravurani. The stretchcvoers Thanjavur District, Pudukkotiai District and Nagapattinam Quaid-E-Mi] ] eth District. Taluks of Sirka] i, Myi] aduthurai, the eastern portions of Nannilam, Nagapattinam, Thiruthuraipoondi, Pattukkortai and Peravurani come under coastal influence. The length of this stretch is estimated to be around 280KM which includes Pudukkottai district also. Thanjavur district uas been traditionally having agrarian economy and a large number of people depend largely on agriculture. Salt production and fisheries are two important acivities in the coastal area of the district. Of late, oil explora- tion has been taken up as a major activity in this stretch with Oil and Natural Gas being extracted both off-shore as well as On-shore. Along the coast there is also dense forest area helping to maintain ecological system. The Veaaranyam Swamp area has been traditionally a bird sanctuary with large number of Siberian birds migrating to this swamp during certain seasons. Salt industry particularly in the Vedaranyam swamp area has been developed and 3 large s c a j e units, 2 in the private sector and 1 in the public sector have been manufacturing salt from sea water through solar evaporation. Physiography This stretch consists of a narrow region (100 mts. or less- of sandy beach along the coast in the delta regions of Cauvery river. There are salt pans near Thirumul 1 aivasal and Tha --jr.gambadi. In the South, there is the proni.nent Vedaran ?,»• Swampy region with mangrove forest. The southern boundar> of this stretch is marked by the change in the coast 1 " ne from tlie North South to East West direction froa point C^i i mere to Rajamadam. Geo!ogy The coastal sands of recent age over!ie the Tertiary rocks. No other rock excepting the recent ones is exposed in this stretch. Geomorphol ogy The Geomorphic features observed in this stretch are sub aeri-al delta (F1 uvio-marine), strand plains, crevasses, chenniers and cuspate bars, estuaries and swamps. A large part of the delta is occupied by inter distributory flood basins comprising brown and reddish grey silty clay and fine sands. The strand plain is comparatively a high relief plain with elevation varying from 6-10 m above mean sea level. The width of this plain increases from 3m in the North to 8km. in the South. The relief of this plain is broken by estuaries, lagoons and creeks at some places North and South of Nagapattinam. The coastline of Nagapattinam, Quaid-E-Mil 1 eth District is straightened by South bound long shore currents from the Kol1idara river mouth to point Calimere, From Point Calimere to further South, the coastline forms a bay. Important Land marks This stretch is famous for a few Muslim shrines which are thronged by thousands of deovtees viz., Saint Sheikh Allauddin Sahib entombed and located at Adiramapattinam dargas at Sambavanodai and Nagoor. The stretch is also famous for Christian Pilgrim centres in Vail ankanni located six miles South of Nagap.attinam which also maintains a museum of rare col lec- tions of 'Our Lady of Health'. The Church is also an im.uort.ant tourist place. The important Hindu Temple is Sri Vedaranyasamy Tempi Point Calimere is an important tourist place and a heaven for bird watchers and the sanctuary is notecii for its black bucks, spotted deer, wild pig, wild porie'.s . A bath in the sea at Kodikkarai, a sacred place nearby, is considered holy. Mandia port is located in the village of Sethubaba Chattiram on the eastern coast 16 kms of Peravurani. The fort facing the Bay of Benga. is an eight storied Victory Tower of 30M. high built up by the Maharaja Sarfoji has steps in a circular way Vv'hlch look enchanting. Kaveripoompattinam was one of th.e chief cities and sea port of the Choi a Kingdom. The Original city port was submerged and now it has a sacred bathing place being the confluence of river Cauve-ry with the sea. This stretch contains 7 sheets and detail s are explained hereunder. Sheet ]: The Mangrove forest of Pitchavaram extends to some extern! on this portion also. Col eron river drains in this <£vea. The northern portion comprising the mangroves is classified as CRZ I. The other coastal belt is devoid*. of any sensitive area and hence has been classified as CRZ III. Sheet No.13 This area is a continuation to the above and cauvery and manjavattal rivers drains this area. These rivers which irrigates large track of lands in Thanjavur District discharges little into the sea, except perhaps during the floods. The area has been classified as CRZ III. Tharar.gaa- ^ badi one of the old dutch settlements declared as a Heritage town by the State Government, has been classified as CRZ I. ' Sheet No.14 Mul 1iyar River drains the area. Nagapattinam Municipality an old town and district head quarters of Nagapattinam Quide-E-Mil1eth District is located in this belt. The town is closely built and the buil tup area has been classified as CRZ II. The rural settle- ments dotted along the beach has been classified as CRZ III. Velankanni, the seat of Our Lady Health a tourist centre, attracts large number of foreign and local tourists. It is declared as a heritage centre by State. The same is classified as CRZ I. Sheet No.15 & 16 The area around the lagoons of Vellar river has ueen classified as CRZ I while the rural belt along the coast has been classified as CRZ III. The Kodikarai is a settlement ana is a tourist centre. The same has ueen classified as CRZ III. Sheet No.17 & 18 The entire area is the Vedaranyam Swamp and is a bird sanctuary. The entire area has been classified as CRZ I. STRETCH 5 PERAVURANI TOWN TO RAMESWARAM ISLAND Introduction This stretch extends from Point Cal imere to Rameswaram Island. The entire stretch comes within Ramnad District and Pudukkottai District. Physiography This stretch does not consists of sandy beaches with beach sands. There are salt pans near Tondi. In the southern part of this stretch between Devipattinam and Keelaksrai there are raised beaches with sand pars having treads parallel to the. present coastline. Due to the raised oeach, there is no beach sands of economical value as available in the other stretches. Geo!ogy Geology of the area comprises mainly of coastal sands of Quart.ernary and Recent ages. Sub recent marine formations consisting of hard calcareous sandstone and grey calcareous clays, etc., are seen on Rameswaram island and other islets. Small area of Rameswaram Island al so exposes some recent marine 1imestone bed. Geomorphology Coastal plains, older deltaic plains, cuspate foreland, teri sand mounds, teri tidal complex are some of the geonorphic features observed in this stretch. The Coastline in ttii s stretch is fringed by a sandy strand plain over a width of about 1. 5KM to 3 KM beyond which runs a wide track of f 1 uvio-marine sediments manifested in tidal flats, salt *srshes and pal eo tidal flats. The coast ?ine between Ramanathapuram and Mandapar is a huge cuspat? foreland bar bui 1 tup with sand deposits representin repeat eci lowering of sea level. The Rameswaram island Biological Wealth of the Gulf of Manner (Rameswaram Zone. The uniqueness of the Ecosystems: The Gulf of Mannar around whic^its islands provides variegated, most interesting heterogenous and unique habitats for its denizens. The organisms, plants and animal seem to enjo-y the closest intimacy with sea water and have accomplished this relationship to a remarkable degree of perfection. The depths range from 3.5 to 15 metres. The tidal amplitude varies from 5 to 80 cms. During the lowest tide, the beautiful coral-reefs get well exposed. The coral reefs harbour a wide variety of marine vegetation ana animals; The currents in this area are.swift, the sea is rough, between April-August. It is cal is during September. The Salinity varied from about 337« during normal season to 247» at the time of heavy rainfall and fresh water runoff. The temperature varied between 25 to 32C based on climatic conditions. The dissolved oxygen ranged usually between 3.7 & 5.6. The Mangrove Vegetation The\GuJf of Mannar islands, near Rameswaram possess unique wangrove vegetation. It is interesting to note that such vegetation consists of species belonging to Rhizoohora, Avicennia, Bruouiera, Derioos, Lumnitzera etc. The Hangrovces are found on a good majority of the islands, the vegetation is striking for its luxuriance and diversity. They are not very tall trees, perhaps the height is curtailed due to strong winds lashing here perennially ana with greater velocity during monsoons, periodical cyclones, etc. The plants are healthy. The whole island is carpeted as it were with pneumatophores wherever the mangrove forest are formed. The mangroves were seen with flowers on the island during December-January. -65- The Cora] Reef Formation Around Rameswaram, fringing and patch cora] reefs occur. The reef framework is complex. It forms the basis of a very elaborate and functional ecosystem. The coral reefs exert influence on the course of water current. They al so provide she! ter to a great diversity of al gae , sponges, and fishes, just to mention three groups. With the help of calcareous algae in the shallow sea, the hermatypic corals build primary reef formation with secondary detrital reefs in deeper water. Apart from the sedentary and fixed algae we encounter drifting and imprisonea paytopi ankton. On the Gulf of Mannar islands, the eastern side of the islands would appear to have a greater expanse of living coral reefs. The human exploitation of the coral lime stone is concentrated on the northern and the western sides. Hence the eastern sides remain relatively free of human influence and interference and so exploitation is less (Issac Rajendran and Kanagaraj David 1971;. Recently, the Government of Tamil Nadu have prohibited quarrying of corals after considerable loss of reefs to the point of extinction. The Sacred Chank Beds The sacred chank, Xancus phrurn also occurs in the seas around Rameswaram both in the Gulf of Mannar and Pal k Bay. The sacred chank is found on fine or soft sandy substrates. They feed copiously on Polychaete worms. The chank, Xancus pyru:. could hold its own against its predators. The chank bea* are very productive. Xancus pyruT> is considered suo mot.o to be 'Perfect*. It has acquired strength to 'stand on its own feet agaiast it predators in the struggle for existence. The industrial uses of chanks are many. The Val ar.puri chanks (sinistra) form) fetch more than Rs.10000/- for a perfect chank of 65 mm or greater diameter. This sinistral form is normally employed in Hindu Temples for worship. The Pearl: Banks The Gulf of Mannar is famous for its chank fisheries and pearl fisheries. They are the State's monopoly. There are about ten pearl banks. The pearl banks are concentrated in the region extending from 78°13' to 79°15'E amd 8°38' to 9°15'N. The depth of the pearl banks varies from about 10 to 20 metres. The maximum concentration of pearl banks is found ,in the region of Tuticorin and to some extent in between Nal 1 a Thanni Tivu and Val inokkam Point.. We have pearl banks also in the former island Pandyna Tivu environs, where depth does, not. exceed 7.5 metres; at Van Tivu and Kariya Shuli Tivu, at depths from 11 to 15 metres. Important Land Marks In this stretch, Rameswaram which has been known from early times and mentioned in Ramayana is located. Rameswaram is an island, but very close to the main land and the Pamban Canal separates it from the main land. Rameswaram is a sacred place for Hindus and is as famous as Varanasi in the northern India. The town is built, on an island in the Park Straits at the extreme south eastern tip of the Indian Peninsula. It contains one of India's most venerated temples; a fine example of South Indian Architecture. The presiding deity of the temple is Ramanathaswamy. said to have been installed in 1 LINKA' form by Sri Rama or the Ramayana epic on his return from Sri Lanka defeating Kavana. The Ramalingara at Rameswaram is one of the twelve Jyothi Lingams in India. The most impressive feature is the many pillared corridors covering a length of 1220 mts. Gandhamadhava Parvathar. is a hi 1 i ock to the north of the temple ana is the highest point, around from wfrurtre one gets an excellent views of the island. There is a tw/v) storeyed Mandapam and Rama's foot placed on a Chakra or worship attract pilgrims. Dhanuskodi is the another holy place is situated at a distance of 8 km from Raraeswicani and has a temple for Kothandaswamy. The temple remains: intact on the island, even though Dhanuskodi was washed Away by the cyclone 1964. 'The stretch has 5 sheets and they are explained be! ow. Sheet ho. 19 ""Uiis segment consists of raised beaches with sand bars. As this segment abuts Gulf of Mannar, the entire segment has been classified as CRZ I except for.the.rural settlements which have'been classified as CRZ III (six sett 1 ev ,onts ) . Sheet Jo. 20 This is the continuation of the above segment and is c] ai!- ;if ied as CRZ I except for the settlements. (thre.v settlements) . Sheet, -.o. 21 ThU' Gulf- of Mannar, being the sensitive stretch, the entire segment has been cl assified as CRZ I except, for two si-elements which have been classified as CRZ III. Sheet No.22 This setnent is also classified as CRZ I. The settlements viz. Attankearai, Pudumadam, Muthupettai, Penapattinam, have been classified as CRZ III. The / Mandampam where number of central Government offices are located and which is a transit camp has been classified as CRZ II. Sheet No.23 The segment consists of Rameswaram Town and its vicinity area. The famous Ramaswamy Temple is located here and the area around the temple has been thickly built. The built up area has been classified as CRZ II. The undeveloped area has been classified as CRZ I. STRETCH 6 RAMESWARAM ISLAND TO KERALA STATE BOUNDARY The stretch is located in Ramanathapuram V.O.C. District and Kanniyakumari District. Physiography There are three different physiographic units features in this stretch. That is, in the coastal belt, North of Tiruchendur, there are raised beaches with sand iters parallel to the present coast line. However, the trend of the sand bars on the northern and southern sides of Thamiraparani river is slightly angul ar to the coast line. In the coastal area south of Thi ruchendur, there are sand dunes and there soils along snd away from the coast. In the southern part of this stretch, there are sandy beaches with beach sands containing heavy minerals on the eastern and western sides of Kanniyakumari. Geo! ogy This stretch comprises mainly of Archeans Quart, ernary and recent geological formations. Quarternary and Recent sediments are the geological units occuring in the area. Warkali beds of Tert i ary age are exposed as thin cappings south west of Kuznit.hurai near the coast.. Near Kanniyakumari calcareous shell limestone of sub-recent, origin is seen. South of the Kanniyakumari Trivandram National Highway bet wee" Nagercoil and Kuzhi thurai the area is mainly covered by thick laterite soil dotted with few rocky outc : V . Geomorphol ogy Beach, coastal ridges, cliffed coast, sand dunes, beach terraces, spits, cuspates, salt marshes and teri sands are some of the geomorphic features observed in this stretch. The coastline of VOC District is developed by sediment accretion except for the Tiruchendur-Manapadu area which nave a cl iffed coast resulting from erosions of mounds of Quarternary sandstones. Between Vaipur and Tuticorin the coastline is broken by spits developing into prominent cuspate as seen at Tarvaikul am, A! arikarattittue and Tuticorin. South of Tuticorin, near the mouth of Koramapal 1 am odai, huge sand bar has developed into a northward trending oeach cusp, 4 km from the main shore. The area between tne beach cusp and the coast is used for the development of theH'aruour as it is free from high energy waves. From Tuticorin to Tiruchendur, the coast is influenced by the Tamaraparani delta. The coastline south of Tiruchendur is marked by a narrow beach, beyond which extends the coastal ridge from Manapad to Kudangulam over which sand dunes and beach terraces have developed. The Quaternary sandstones or sand rocks are exposed as wave cut platform all along NE-SW coast from Periyatal ai. to Puvari. Beach, coastal lowlands, coastal plains, wavecut platforms cliffed coast and cape are some of the geomorphic features observed in this stretch. Statve of the Ecosystem From the results of the study on Pitchavaram mangrove ecosystem, it is evident that, a) tills is a very good nursery ground for some c.ijmmercial 1 y important prawns, crabs, and fin fish, i nee it provides abundant food and shelter for the young ones; b) i is an ideal place to undertake coastal aquacul tural practices, employing only the pen culture method, w'Hi ch alone will not cause any alteration in the eco- s.-iylitem;on the other hand, it will make very good of the natural food available, thus minimising the production cost; c) t.'.ie water quality is very good and its productivity is a*; -> o very high; as such, this environment., at present, cum be used as a standard against polluted esvwironments; d) t-.iiis ecosystem serves the purpose of nutrient recycling auvj provides a regul ar f 1 ow of organic matter into the aidjoining coastal waters in addition to replenishing the c.uastal fishery resources (the young ones of fin and s.uel 1 fish return to coastal areas for breeding avier attaining maximum growth here). e) t m> Pitchavaram mangrove is unique because it is a v'iivy good mul ti species formation,whereas in other n-ngrove forests of India, one or two species alone n •sily dominate. From this view point, it is very i -..sort ant that this mangrove must be protected and p tiserved; The marine land forms along the Kanniyakumari coast is restricted to the width of less than 1KM due to hiih relief of the inland areas which represent the slopes of tne western gnats when compared to the eastern coast. At Veerabagupatti , sand rocks similar to those occuring along VOC District coast are noticed below the sand dunes 200M inland. Important 1 and marks Kanniyakumari'.Kanniyakumari is the lands end of the Indian Peninsula, where waters of the Arabian Sea, Indian Ocean and the Bay of Bengal Meet. It is one of the important pilgrim centres of India. A fine beach landscape with sands of myraid colour is another interesting aspect of Kanniyakumari. From the beautiful beach one can simultaneously see the glorious sight of the moon risin6 up on the east and the sun setting on the west, on a fu. 1 moon day. There is a sacred ancient temple dedicated to Kanniyakumari the Virgin Goddess from which the disrrict. derives itsname. The temple is a symbol of unity and sanc- tity. The beautiful Gandhi Mantap is situated as a memorial to the Father of the Nation. An urn containing Mahatma Gandhi's ashes was kept here for public to pay homage before immersion. A Roman Catholic Church dedicated to Virgin Mary which is said to have been constructed by the Jesuit Missionary of St. Francis Xavier in the 16th Century is also located here. Vivekananda Memorial: There are two rocks projecting out of the ocean, south-east of Kanniyakumari temple. These rocks provide an ideal vantage point for visitors desining to view the lands end of India.On this rock stands the 'Vivekananda Rock Memorial' built in 1970 with a blend of all the architectural styles of India. Suchindram: The Suchindram ae^ns the place where Indira the King of Devas, was purified. A Sc-cred temple dedicated to Trimurties are worshiped here. The other important tourist place in this stretch are the Padmanabhapuran temple, Tiruvattar Temple, Udayagi ri Fort, Circular Fort and Kolachel Port and the famous Tiruchendur Sho»*e temple. The Stretch include 8 sheets and details are explained hereunder. Sh«eet No.24 & 25 This segment mainly consists of the reserved forests arid hence has been classified as CRZ I. Shie-et. No.26 This belt is endowed with number of salt pans anto has been classified as CRZ I, except for small settlements which have been marked as CRZ III. The Tu:t icorin Town having a port and number of industries is loic.ited on this segment. It is a Class I town with a pojpul ation of more than 1 lakh. There is retaining wall al OTig the seashore and a road runs parallel to the coast. The Municipal area and continuous builtup area is marked as CRZ II. Sh^-c-.t No.27 As this belt comprises of lagoons the major portion has been marked as CRZ I. The rural belts have be;en marked as CRZ III. cK K 1 Tiruchengode a temple town is located in this se^went.. The temple is close to the sea and developments ha-'-'t1 come around the temple. The built up area has be'i"! classified as CRZ II. Sheet No.28 The entire belt is a coastal plain with rural settle Meritedotted all over. This area has been classified as CRZ III. Sheet No.29 This stretch is a coastal plain and is dotted all over with rural habitation. There are no ecologically sensitive areas except for the river mouth of Nambiyar River. The entire stretch has been classified as CRZ III except for the river raouth which has been cl assified as CRZ I. Sheet No.30 The Kanniyakumari Town falls in this segment. The built up area has been classified as CRZ II and the other areas as CRZ III. The area close to Manakkudi Kayal is classified as CRZ I. Sheet No.31 The Col achel town is located in the segment. The same has been classified as CRZ II. The other areas have been classified as CRZ III. fMMTJif. |j .v r J? o N Y I O N t fi N » nt-rrn 7 r ^? /vjra do 5 K ."T T=t * "r J mys •s Vt VHY9 W VCIHOS^J) It* ^avAY H O icT la/l/US.'Q ;— n -i rxxa t l iVi3 X»I)«»'0~*# I J "»•-> J" Aatfiio.v^s sa^ie ns o wi-yrnici 0 321J-N33 SOO(£5n32J i t S ic J.HOS3 H3V73 Aiw J t UiOS3*: AVaitOH ("|e?6003 ) S3VXK33 i.«l8nO! navN iiwvi SL • iN ia mo-H wViMia-lvd i-^i-LO^ isvm I x ill- vziv^iviaoj 7 KJPtl g \ f ru^vtftVHxJ":^ C ^ ' 1*1 i dO * / ~3 -zj Oivaan 1IYAS. ari C1V1SVOD) Nr»OV11«i YBKOftY S331N3D 9NIGNV1 HS!d na\/N 1IWV1 AREA OF REGULATION ZONE UNDER DIFFERENT CATEGORIES CHENGALPAT1U M.G.R. DISTRICT Sheet No, Place Length of the 200M Zono 500M zone 100M zone Remarks coast •{Square Kilo Metresjj OR?, I 22.5 KM Stretoh I Villages abutting Pulicat lake 4. 06 6.09 Western side of Bay of Bengal 23.95 ( Flast to west) CRZ II Nil CRZ III Nil CRZ I 16.0 KM Sattarikuppain to MMA boundary 3.10 4.65 Back watei-s of Buckingham Canal 7.15 Back voters of Kortaliar river 11.00 CRS II Nil err. m Nil 3 MMA boundary 65.00 KM 4 25.00 KM Stretch U CRZ T Nil CRZ T I Nil CRZ 111 MM hmrdetv to Davaneri 0,54 0.81 Buckingham Canal back water T 5 24.5 KM GR2 1 Vonpurusliom to Kokkilimedu 1.25 Pudupattinam — Allikuppam 8.00 CRZ l'l Nil CRZ III Devaneri "to Venpurusham 0. 66 0.99 ' Buckingham canal back waters Kokkilimedu to Pudupattinam 1.70 2.55 24.5 KM CRZ 1" Stretch II Allikuppam to Alambarai 14.08 Back waters of Buckingham canal 13.75 CRZ II Nil CRZ III Nil Huokwatoru of Hur.kingham Canal CRZ I 4.00 CRZ IT Nil CRZ fit 2.5 • • SOU-m ARGOT VALLALAR DISTRICT Sheet No. Place I.ength of the Coast 20OM Zone 500M zone 100M zone Remarks " ('1) " " "(2)~ " "(3) " " (4) " ~ (5) (6) (7)~ " (Square Kilo Metres) 27,00 KM g & i Chengalpattu District boundary to 6.2 Kariapalayarn Backwaters 21.25 CRZ II Nil CRZ III Kariapalnjyam to Anichemkuppaxri 3.8 5.7 6.40 KM Monrii cherry 13. /KM CRZ T Nil oir. 11 Nil CRZ III kniohankupjjarn to Pondicherry Northern boundary 0.30 0.45 pillaichavadi to Kottakuppam 1.18 1.77 10 13.40 KM Stretch TTT (Pondicherry 15.6 K1 CRZ I Mil CRZ II Devaruimpattinam to Cuddalore old town 0.98 1.47 CRZ 3.11 Pudukuppam to Pannitittu 0.50 0.75 Cuddal (1) (2) (3) (4) "(5) (6) (7) 11 19.8 KM (Pondicheriy ore r ? 7.5 KK) Chittiraipettai to portonovo 2.90 4.35 Portonova to Pitchav&ram 2.20 3.30 Vellar river back water 0o 70 r. • • • mm -81- NAGAPPATTINAM QUAID-&-MILLET DISTRICT Sheet No. Place Length of the coast 200 M zone 500M zone 100M zone Remarks (1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (Squaro Kilo Metres) 12 25.0 KM Stretch IV CRZ I Chinnavaikkal to Kalaiyur 7.75 Backwaters of'colaroon river 14.80 CRZ II Nil CRZ 311 Kalaiyur to Chavadikupparn 1.60 2.40 Backwaters of Uppanar river 1*65 Chnvadiknppam to Sinnurpct 25.5 KM Pondicheri.y boundary 2.0 m C RZ t Kaveripattinam to Tharangambadi 5.50 Backwaters of Manjavaykal river 3.25 CRZ II Nil CRZ III Chavadikupparn to Kaveripattinam 1.80 2.70 Tharanganiba-di to Slnnurpet 0.50 0.75 Baokwatorn of oauveiy, vadiyiiF §181 Kadaliyar river :'i) (2)"" (3)"" (4) (5) (6) (7) 14 Pondicherry coast 1.40 KM Stretch IV Pondicherry southern boundary to Vedararyam 29.6 KM CRZ I Back waters of Vettar river Vedararyam Canal 24.50 CRZ II Pattancherry to Vanavan Mahadevi 0.67 1.01 CRZ ITT Nagapattinam to Vanavan Mahadevi. 4.00 6.00 Pattancherry to Vanavan Mahadevi 0.67 1.01 15 21.8 KM Stretch IV CRZ I Backwater of Harichandra Nadhi river, Hellar river $ and Vedai-ary am canal { 24.25 CRZ II Nil CRZ III Vanavan Mahadevi to Thopputhurai 3.10 4.65 Back waters of Vedaranyam'canal 1.25 16 37.7 KM CRZ ] Vede.raryam — point calimere and along 16. 25 park strait ' Backwaters of Vedaranyam, Serttalaikadu lagoon 16.25 CRZ II Nil CRZ III Nil • -83- j TIIAN.TAVUR DISTRICT Sheet No. Place Length of the coast 200M zone 500M zone 100K zone Remarks 17 Along park strait 42.2 St ret oh IV CRZ I • Along Palk Strait 23.6 Back watei-s of Harakka Koraiyar, Kandakur ichar river, Koriar river, Kattar river, Nesuvunni riwr 17.90 CRZ 11 Nil CEZ III Nil 18 33.00 KM c w, r Stretch V Rajamadam to Jambu Mahadevipattinam 16.5 (Pudukottai District boundary) AHEA OF REGULATION ZONE UNDER HEITERHJT CATEGORIES: PU DDUKKOTTA? Ti Sheet No, Place Length of 200M zone 500 M zone 100 ra zone the coast (sq.Km) (Sq#Km) (Sq.Km) strech .V 19. CRZ -I Jainbumahadevi F'attinaP to Sirukadvai kottai 18.20 CRZ - II - NIL CRZ -III 1*02 1.53 20. CRZ -I Sirukadavaikottai to Northern boundary of Ra)®an at hapu ram 2.40 ro ro l\5 co t sr © I. fccf s t+ % C — - jo tr % 0 £ 'O o fr < (t> o O t^fo SS I Qj 2 w 0 o H- H H to o ** O* © § W D TJ f £SJ ts s •a I 2 rt- J0 M |M M 1 I o ffl £ ct- a H ft H- P H H I 3 M fH *T £ s O ft- h) 3 1 P. H t SB »cf O« + fu % ^ jfS CO I rf- o I 5SS G. 3 SJ VjJ w • rui o VjJ o i a » (X M Ui I O o »o o ro vji 8 N) -fc VJl • o w ^vji | o »O -(V OS O • O J*. ro A rf D O vji 00 VJl LSI ro VJl VJl •Hk -0 VJl VJl I o 4 o\ #t 8 1 » s. 0 CO cf- 9 S 2 tr •tflO w, O H tz! 6W to a Q 0 to H W 5SI O % s f 1 ® c^d nj £ §5 H o § E 1 8! tw V a h 3-S w P»: * H t K 5 prfJH IH 9 M T3 S=p-t M e+ H O p. a p. <+ H* n a ef O H- I—! O OL p Q si- ro ft n's P. a ef 1 PL o ««• CD KD M i B 00 ON I o o ro CO VJ O^ •o -=& . ro V>J * « -o M ro \ji vn 8 VI vn o yji o\ to ef H © O AREA 01 REGULATION ZOKE UMDER mJTFIE&A7T CATEGORIES V.O.CHID^iBAiiN AR DISTRICT Sheet JN6 PI ac e lenth of 200 M 500 M 100 M B the coa t zone zone zone ( Sq.km) ( e q.Em) ( b qJEw) .( D 1*2 (4) - 152 _ 25. 18.0KW Stretch VI C RZ-I V.O.C.Eietiict boundary to aippikulePi 8,25 Back vat era of Van bar & Vaippar rJlver 8.00 URz II _ NIL - V HZ-II ]. Vein bar 0.50 0.45 26. CRZ -I 59.5km SippikulaP to TUticorLn harbou r area 8.25 Back water of Veppalodai 6.25 CfiZ-II Tuticorin old harbour & harbour 7.0 CRZ-III Pattanamaiudur Muliakkadu 1.90 2..C5 2.45 te c. O w w O H3 C tc B o % t» c tr fit C H-w ef H ef H K r 5P ? f pr H-r * M ef M P M O < 2 H a M % w M 3* W p o §& * M H &a 8* ft •d 8 0 p B 0> P> P B hj 3 n ef & s d §P P ef 3 f* H o § •d 3 o fif H> u P H>H K O cf o 5 P ef £ H is cr o 1 b P ef ef ef K ° ef ef H- O O ^ £ S P n a H P si s a H-cr PL B ® a o 3 « 0 w J? 5f a a P ro « * o\ B H 5 ro * 03 8 JS. «- * •r o w• o• r v vj c\ ooo VJI o OVJ1 vji O w )g 8 3" cr" ^ o ro O O O Jr* ft? SO M a > o o o w O cr < 53 NNN P »t o a, B ft 4 (to t--. CSJ 03 V O t I I 3 a n cs n o «< ffl I a. P- P i I p a- • H jo o I H W & M H hi H * H cf M o W H M M O P < Vm O |M w p < .00 w P. p. P p cf ft ef NN 3 O ef o H- O ef & o> Pf C M C o H A C S 3 c § B B Pi 3 ft P a 0 ft £ P W H P tr* cf H 3* o o 8 <5 00 O « £•> 3© O rv> VJl -J CD vO W 56 a\ VJl B FSi B inHBHi —»> O QIO « O 0 SB w C O w o p fc ®3 wm ftro r* w cf % ts C CJ. N cf r P F 3 m H I H p. Ht P* Hp,3 1 8' H 3* H p ~ Hw ffi H ctlH © < H p H (0 %% P Pn H H H cf e* cf B << 4 ff cf ffi ro n H> 9' B > 3 » cf- p % p o ft Hi W hJ c H» * % ffi p cf § p CO P. cf H* cf cf H- * O 8 C9 •d 3 < cf e W P cf ffi « ET cf § P 1 s M cf P P. C sr O ff cf 4 cf $ cf a £ P cf cf P B M n ffi o -H cf £ 8° 3« O VJl \Ji» CD f\3 CT\ 05 ro ro -f* 4 « 6 s -J VJl CD M fO VJl S VJl vO VJl vjl -91- Stretch I sheet No. It Sheets 2 * & 3 - Stretch II sheets 4 to 7 Stretch ill sheets 8 to 11 Stretch IV sheets \2 to 17 Stretch - V sheets 18 to 24 Stretch VI sheets 25 to 31 NOTE: Tafai 1 Nadu coast apcounts for 17$ of the coast line of India The coast consists of Bay of Bengal 385 Palk s rrait 290 Gulf oil Mannar 325 Arabian sea 55 total 1055 Kk