XI

The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years 1964-1980

The Choice of a New College Head President Warren D. Bowman having expressed the desire to retire from office at the end of the session, 1963-64, the college's board of trustees, on April 6, 1963, appointed a committee to make nominations for a new college head. The committeemen were Robert M. McKinney (chairman), James W. Moyers (vice chairman), Frederick D. Dove, Jr., Walter S. Flory, Jr., Charles W. Wampler, Winston 0. Weaver, and R. Douglas Nininger (ex officio).1 On December 7, 1963, the committee recommended Wayne F. Geisert for the presidency of the college, and the trustees unanimously elected him to the office. Dr. Geisert agreed to serve in the position, his term of office to begin on July 1, 1964, and his salary, for the first year, to be $14,000 (plus the use of the president's house).2 Dr. and Mrs. Geisert were officially welcomed to the college at a dinner meeting of the trustees and their spouses in the fall of 1964.3

The New President Wayne Frederick Geisert (1921-), the son of Frederick J. Geisert and Martha E. (Lauer) Geisert, was born in Elmo, Kansas. He was educated at McPherson College (B. A., 1944) and at Northwestern University (Ph.D. in economics, 1951). He was an instructor at Hamilton (Kansas) High School, 1946-48; instructor in economics and accounting at Kendall College, 1948-50; graduate assistant in money and banking at Northwestern University, 1950-51; associate professor of economics and business, later professor and department head, at Manchester College, 1951-57; and academic dean, 1957-64, at McPherson College.4 From 1944 to 1946, he was a line and education officer in the U.S. Naval Reserve on active duty in the Pacific theater during World War II.

lwarren D. Bowman to R. Douglas Nininger, April 2, 1963; TrM, April 6, 1963. 2TrM, Dec. 7, 1963, and the contract with Wayne F. Geisert, dated Jan. 17, 1964. 3John W. Boitnott to the trustees, Oct. 14, 1964; PrO Papers. 4The biographical data in this chapter section were derived from a report with the TrM, Dec. 7, 1963; WW (1984-85), p. 1169; and other sources. 569 570 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

WAYNE FREDERICK GEISERT

Assumed the presidency of the college in 1964.

He was an occasional consultant and examiner in higher education for the North Central Association of Colleges, 1959-64, and was McPherson College's representative and trustee to the Kansas Foundation for Private Colleges, 1962-63. He was a participant in various advanced educational seminars, institutes, and panel discussions, and a frequent speaker before church and civic groups. He was a member of the Church of the Brethren and was active in various leadership roles. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 571

He and his wife, Ellen Maurine Gish Geisert (a McPherson College graduate), had three teenage sons in 1964. The president-elect, 42 years old when he assumed the duties of his office, July 1, 1964, was formally inducted into the presidency in exercises (planned by a committee headed by Dean Boitnott) held in the Alumni Gymnasium on the college's Founder's Day, April 3, 1965, in the presence of representatives of 155 colleges and universities and 17 leamed societies and other organizations. Harold W. Dodds, president emeritus of Princeton University, was the main guest speaker (on "The Role of the Small Liberal Arts College") at the exercises, over which R. Douglas Nininger, chairman of the Bridgewater College Board of Trustees, presided. After being inducted into office by Mr. Nininger, the new president responded in a formal address on "Competence and Conscience." Following the exercises, there was a reception in the Alumni Parlors in Blue Ridge Hall and a buffet luncheon for the official delegates and other invited guests in Rebecca Hall. 5

The President's Assistants In August, 1968, Dale E. Mekeel assumed the duties of assistant to President Geisert and coordinator of government programs, a new position in which he served until 1979. 6 On February 1, 1979, Ben F. Wade became "executive assistant" to President Geisert and, in 1982, the college's provost, positions in which he served until 1985.7

Dale E. Mekeel BenF. Wade

5The inaugural convocation program; Alumnus, April, 1965, pp. 3-9, 23. 6Partners, Sept., 1968, p. 3; TrM, Nov. 3, 1978. 7TrM, Nov. 3, 1978; Alumnus, Dec., 1978, p. 1; June, 1985, p. 7. 572 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

A small group of the college's high administrative officials served as the "President's Cabinet," whose original members were the academic dean, the business manager and treasurer, the director of development, the dean for student development, and President Geisert's assistant. New members added later were the college's director of admissions and the college's provost (after the creation of that office in 1982).8

The President's Advisory Council

In November, 1966, the trustees authorized the creation of "an informal President's Advisory Council," its members to be chosen by the president of the college and the president of the college's board of trustees on the basis of suggestions of others, the council to serve as a "communication and action link" between the college and the business and professional community.9 Such a group could interpret the college "to an important segment of our public," could recommend persons for leadership roles in financial campaigns, and plan for the college's future.10 The original members of the council, present at a meeting on July 12, 1968, records show, were Cannan G. Blough, chairman, a national authority in the field of accounting, of Penn Laird, Virginia, and 10 others (all Virginians, except one): Lowell N. Layman, orchardist, of Cloverdale; Ronald W. Lindsay, president, Space Conditioning, Inc., of Harrisonburg; Alfred V. Prather, lawyer, of Washington, D. C.; John Richards, president, First National Bank, of Harrisonburg; George B. Tullidge, real estate developer, of Staunton; Charles W. Wampler, Jr., president, Wampler Feeds, Inc., of Harrisonburg; Winston 0. Weaver, president, Rockingham Construction Co., of Harrisonburg; R. Douglas Nininger, president of the college's board of trustees; President Geisert; and David L. Holl, the college's Director of Development.11 New council members, present at a meeting on October 27, 1969, were Warren D. Bowman, former Bridgewater president; Jesse S. Fifer, M. D., of Frederick, Maryland; Harold L. Garber, of Waynesboro, Virginia; D. Lathan Mims, editor and general manager, Harrisonburg Daily News-Record; and Hamilton Shea, of Harrisonburg.12 The council functioned for only a few years.

Other Administrative Officers

When Wayne F. Geisert became Bridgewater's president in 1964, John W. Boitnott was still the college's academic dean. Upon retiring from the deanship, June 30, 1967, after 20 years of service, he was designated "Dean Emeritus" by the college's trustees. He consented, however, to serve as assistant to President Geisert, on a part-time basis, during the 1967-68 session.13 "Dr. Boitnott's thoughtful and penetrating judgment, his courteous and kindly manner, and his dedication to education," President Geisert commented, "played a key role in Bridgewater's development." Dean Boitnott was instrumental in strengthening the general

8President's Cabinet minutes in the PrO Papers. 9TrM,Nov. 5, 1966. 10wayne F. Geisert to Carman G. Blough, Aug. 2, 1967 (copy), PrO Papers. llTrM, Sept. 23, 1967. 12The council's minutes, PrO Papers. 13TrM, Sept. 22, 1967; Faculty Sounding Board, Oct. 5, 1967 Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 573

education requirements for Bridgewater degrees, in clearly defining and strengthening departmental majors, and in upgrading and benefiting the faculty.14 Dean Boitnott and Mrs. Boitnott (also retiring in 1967, after 20 years on the teaching staff) were honored by the Bridgewater faculty and administrative staff at a banquet; also by the men of Heritage Hall at an open house and reception, and by the alumni association at its banquet (June 3, 1967). They were presented an engraved silver bowl, a plaque, a purse, and an album of letters, and at the graduation exercises, June 4, 1967, the college conferred on Dean Boitnott an honorary degree (L. H. D.).15 Professor Dale V. Ulrich, of Bridgewater's physics department, became the college's new academic dean, July 1, 1967, and he served in that position until 1982.16 Donna L. Miller continued (since 1962) as the college's registrar until October 1, 1969, when Clement A. Bess took over the duties of that office, serving until 1984.17 Lowell A. Miller continued (since January 1, 1958) as the college's business manager and treasurer until July 1, 1983, when Melvin D. Wampler (appointed assistant business manager, a new position, on July 1, 1966) became Mr. Miller's successor.18 On August 1, 1965, David L. Holl became the college's director of development (succeeding Jacob F. Replogle, 1956-65), the college's prime fund-raiser, and he held that position until July 1, 1973. His successor, Robert L. Rulong, served until March, 1975, when Brydon M. DeWitt became director, and was director until June 30, 1990.19 On February 19, 1979, Mr. DeWitt began moderating a series of monthly television programs entitled "Bridgewater College Presents," sponsored by the college by arrangement with WVPT-TV, the Shenandoah Valley's public television station.20 In August, 1979, J. Roddey Jones became (full-time) assistant director of development for deferred giving, succeeding David L. Holl, part-time in that position, 1973-79. Mr. Jones's successor, in 1982, was William R. Swecker.21 Edgar F. Wilkerson continued (since 1953) to serve as the college's director of admissions until June 30, 1970. His successor was Brian C. Hildebrand, 1970-72. J. Vern Fairchilds, Jr., acting director, 1972-73 (while Mr. Hildebrand was on leave of absence), became director on July 1, 1973, and served until 1978. Mrs. Linda F. Glover, assistant director, 1975-78, became director on September 1, 1978, and served until 1985.22 Clement A. Bess was director of financial aids, 1966-69, and after him, Abraham J. Evans, 1969-72; Mrs. Orland (Alice H.) Wages, 1972-78; and J. Vern Fairchilds, Jr., appointed in 1978 and still in the office in 1990.23 W. Donald Clague continued (since 1948) to be dean of students until 1966. His successors in that position were J. Alaric Bowman, Jr., August 1, 1966, until the summer, 1975; Brian C. Hildebrand (with the new title, "dean for student development"), summer, 1975, until summer, 1977; Richard S. Ferris, August, 1977, until the summer, 1980; and William D. Miracle, who took office on August 1, 1980, and was still serving in 1990.24

14Bee, Nov. 18, 1966, p. 1. 15Partners, June, 1967, p. 1. 16rrExCornM, Jan. 9, 1967; Alumnus, April, 1967, p. 2; June, 1982, p. 4. l7Alumnus, autumn, 1969, p. 8; June, 1984, p. 15. 18rrM, April 2, 1966; Alumnus, June, 1983, p. 15. l9Alumnus, April, 1965, p. 11; July, 1990, p. 21; TrM, Nov. 3, 1973; TrExCornM, March 27, 1975. 20pacM, Jan. 16, 1979; Alumnus, March, 1979, p. 2. 21Alumnus, Oct., 1979, p. 8; Oct., 1982, p. 6. 22Alumnus, April, 1970, p. 2; Oct., 1978, p. 2; June, 1985, p. 3; TrM, Nov. 7, 1970; April 7, 1973. 23Besides the college's catalogues, see the Alumnus, autumn, 1969, p. 8; Nov., 1972, p. 9; Oct., 1978, p. 2. 24Alumnus, Aug., 1966, p. 6; May, 1975, p. 10; Oct., 1977, p. 5; June, 1980, p. 15; Oct., 1980, p. 4. 574 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

DALE V. ULRICH

Academic dean of the college, 1967-82, and director of its summer sessions, 1967-82

LOWELL A. MILLER

The college's business manager and treasurer, 1958-83, and the supervisor o.f its farms, 1958-83. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 575

Mrs. Betty H. Kline was assistant dean of students, 1964-68. Her successors in that position (until the 1980's) were Martha B. Thornton, 1968-76; Mrs. Jean M. Yerian, 1976-79; and Sharon L. Knechel, 1979-84. Steven 0. Mason was another assistant dean of students, 1976-81.25 Brian C. Hildebrand was associate dean for counseling services and campus programs, 1977-85, the college's catalogues reveal. He directed and coordinated the various counseling services, among them student-to-student counseling of freshmen by upperclassmen and "retention counseling," aimed at keeping students who had become disenchanted with college life from withdrawing from Bridgewater. In September, 1976, Martha B. Thornton became coordinator of career planning, a new position in which she served until her retirement from the college in 1986. Her purpose was to help students to test their inclinations and capabilities, explore a variety of career options, show them how to present their credentials, and prepare for job interviews. Dale E. Mekeel, director of internships, was associated with Dr. Thornton in her new role.26 The office of career planning worked closely with the college's placement office in helping graduating seniors find employment by listing job opportunities, arranging on-campus interviews with prospective employers, and assembling dossiers of credentials. Clement A. Bess was director of placement, 1974-84, and, before him, Dr. Fred F. Wampler, the college's catalogues show. Samuel A. Harley became the college's first full-time director of church relations, September 1, 1964, succeeding Jacob F. Replogle, who had served part-time in that position since 1956. After Mr. Harley left the position on June 30, 1971, David L. Holl acted as director of church relations until 1973 (in addition to his duties as director of development), when he was appointed assistant to the president for church relations and director of deferred giving (a new post), and he served in those capacities until the summer of 1979. On October 1, 1980, S. Earl Mitchell became the next director of church relations, serving part-time until December 31, 1985.27 The director of church relations worked to cultivate good relations between the college and the Church of the Brethren congregations in the college's territory. He also organized and directed the college's annual Spiritual Life Institute; worked with the Church of the Brethren' s Southeastern Region Youth Fellowship Cabinet (of Bridgewater students representing the various church districts) in sponsoring the annual youth roundtable at the college; worked with the churches in placing youths in the "Earn and Serve" summer program; counseled pre- ministerial students; arranged for student deputation teams to appear in churches; assisted in pulpit supply, and provided speakers in churches on special occasions; himself appeared in churches on behalf of the college; represented the college at church conferences; encouraged financial support of the college and aided in student recruitment.28 Clarence E. May continued (since 1946) to serve the college, not only as chairman of its Department of English, but also as its director of public information until 1967. His successor (1967-68), as publicity director, was Mrs. Ann M. Mayo. Her successors in publicity work were Ronald E. Keener (the college's first full-time publicity director), 1968-70; Mrs. Patricia M. Churchman, 1970-79; Dean G. Kinley, 1979-80; and Mrs. Judith S. Ruby, 1980-84.29

25rrM, April 6, 1968; Nov. 6, 1976; Nov. 3, 1979; Alumnus, Sept., 1976, p. 1; Oct., 1979, p. 8; March, 1981, p. 3; Oct., 1984, p. 7. 26Alumnus, Sept., 1976, p. 1; TrM, Nov. 6, 1976; Nov. 3, 1978. 27TrM, Nov. 6, 1964; Nov. 6, 1971; Nov. 3, 1973; Alumnus, May, 1971, p. 12; summer, 1973, p. 2; TrExCornM, March 12, 1964; HDN-R, Oct. 8, 1980; and an interview with David L. Holl. 28Reports of David L. Holl to President Geisert, April 1, 1966, and April 1, 1967. 29Bee, Oct. 27, 1967, p. 2; Partners, Sept., 1968, p. 3; Alumnus, Feb., 1970, p. 3; March, 1979, p. 1; Oct., 1980, p. 4; TrM, Nov. 7, 1970. 576 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Paul V. Phibbs continued (since 1955) to serve as the college's superintendent of buildings and grounds until 1981. In November, 1971, Harry W. Shank was made assistant superintendent (a new position).30 George S. Row, M. D., continued (since 1945) to be the college's physician until his untimely death in 1972. His immediate successor was Garland J. Wampler, M. D., 1972-78. During the summer of 1978, Rufus C. Huffman, M. D., became the physician, and, in 1980, he wai? joined by J. Douglas Smith, M. D., both of whom were still serving the college in 1990, the catalogues reveal. Lawrence H. Hoover, a Harrisonburg (Va.) attorney at law, continued (since 1939) to be the college's legal adviser and agent until 1972, when Phillip C. Stone, of the Wharton, Aldhizer, and Weaver law firm (Harrisonburg, Va.) became his successor. Certain other administrative officials are treated elsewhere in this chapter.

The Students Records reveal that the college offered admission to the freshman class each year, 1964-80, to about 75 percent (on the average) of those students who applied, and that about 55 percent (on the average) each year of those students offered admission enrolled at Bridgewater. 31 During the first 16 years (1964-80) of Wayne F. Geisert's presidency, Bridgewater's enrollment increased by nearly one-third: from 695 to 908. It rose rather steeply (from 695,.898) during the first four sessions, declined to 779 by the 1976-77 sessions, then rose again during the sessions, 1977-80, to 908.32 Students came each year, 1964-80, from usually 20 or more of the nation's states, especially those along the Atlantic seaboard. Some, however, came from states as far west as the Pacific coast and Hawaii; from as far north and northwest as Michigan, Wisconsin, and Minnesota; from as far south and southwest as Louisiana and Texas. They came from as many as 182 high schools in those states. As in earlier years, Virginians predominated in the student population. Their proportion, however, declined from 64.9 percent, in 1964-65, to 53.5 percent, in 1971-72; but, thereafter, increased to 73 percent, by 1979-80. Rockingham County, as a source of Virginia students, continued to run ahead of other counties in the state, but not so far as in earlier years. Its proportion of students in the sessional enrollments averaged 12.2 percent each year, 1964-80. For Fairfax County, next after Rockingham, the proportion was nearly 10 percent. Augusta County, always next after Rockingham in previous years, ranked third as a Virginia county supplier of students, 1964.. 80; Roanoke County, fourth; and Arlington County, fifth. Students in any given session, 1964- 80, usually came from 50-odd of the 100 Virginia counties, but in 1977-78, from 64 counties; in 1978-79, from 69; in 1979-80, from 74. Maryland ranked next after Virginia among the states that provided students to Bridgewater, 1964-80. During the 16-year period, Marylanders constituted 16.2 percent of the total student population. New Jersey ranked third (5.88 percent) and Pennsylvania fourth (5.7 percent).

30frM, Nov. 6, 1971. 31Reports of the director of admissions; also the college's self-study reports (in 1970 and 1980) to the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. 32The academic deans' reports are the source of data in this and succeeding paragraphs. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 577

The District of Columbia was the source of a few students each year (two to nine), and the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico supplied a few in certain years. Two Mattaponi Indians from eastern Virginia, Ernest C. Custalow, Jr., and his sister, Dawn, enrolled at Bridgewater during the 1970's, and both graduated B. A. four years later. Their grandfather was a tribal chief, and an earlier ancestor was Powhatan, father of Pocahontas,33 Sixty-four blacks (39 men and 25 women) were Bridgewater students during the years 1964-80, and of that number 17 (by May, 1980) received bachelors' degrees (nine B. A.'s and eight B. S.'s) Five of those graduating majored in health and physical education, three in home economics, two in sociology, two in history and political science, and one in each of the following fields: business administration, English, general science, history, and music. Those graduating engaged in various types of work. Some became public school teachers on the elementary and secondary levels. Some taught home economics; some, physical education. Some were coaches of sports. One young woman established a custom sewing shop. Another became a food service manager at a college. One of the male graduates went to medical school, graduated, and became an orthopedic surgeon.34 In the quest for black students, the college's recruiters (one of whom was Carlyle Whitelow, a genial, popular black physical education professor and coach) visited high schools in Baltimore (Md.), Camden (N. J.), New York (N. Y.), Philadelphia (Pa.), Richmond (Va.), Trenton (N. J.), Washington (D. C.), and other urban centers. In its recruitment effort, however, the college was hampered by its traditional policy of not granting athletic scholarships. Nevertheless, it succeeded in attracting some black athletes who set records in various sports. Not only Virginians, but also Floridians, Georgians, Marylanders, New Jerseyites, and New Yorkers were among those who applied for admission, and those who enrolled were not all Virginians. The number of blacks in attendance increased gradually during the 1960's and 1970's, as evidenced by the following figures for certain sessions: three in 1965-66; six in 1969-70; 13 in 1974-75; 22 in 1978-79; and 23 in 1979-80.35 Eighty-nine Bridgewater students (named in an appendix near the end of this volume) spent their junior year (during the sessions, 1964-80) in study at universities outside the U. S. A. Eighty-one of them were in the Brethren Colleges Abroad (BCA) program: 11 at Philipps University at Marburg in West Germany; 50 at the University of Strasbourg in France; 17 at the University of Barcelona in Spain; and three at the College of St. Paul's and St. Mary's at Cheltenham, England. Three others studied at the University of Seville (at Pamplona, Spain), and another at the University of Gottingen in West Germany. Four other Bridgewater students were in the Mennonite colleges' program at the Universidad de los Andes in Bogota, Colombia. 36 Fifty students from 24 foreign countries (African, Asiatic, European, and Latin American) and a British crown colony enrolled at Bridgewater during the years 1964-80. Seven came from France, six from Hong Kong (British crown colony), four from India, four from West Germany, three from Nigeria, three from Thailand, two from Burma, two from Malaysia, two from South Korea, two from South Vietnam, and one from each of the following countries: Afghanistan, the Bahamas, Bangladesh, Bolivia, Cuba, Ecuador, Egypt, Ethiopia, Guyana, Iran, Japan, Lebanon, Nicaragua, Spain, and Venezuela. As many as 11 foreign students (from 10 countries) were in attendance at the college during the session, 1974-75; 10 (from as many

33Registrar's Office records; Alumnus, March, 1978, p. 3. 34Registrar's Office records; the AlumBF. 35rnterviews with Brian C. Hildebrand and Carlyle Whitelow; Admissions Office and Registrar's Office records. 36Registrar's Office records; the Talon, April 30, 1971, p. 1. BRIDGEWATER STUDENTS FROM FOREIGN LANDS DURING THE 1970'S

Left to right: Mathew Koshy, from India; Amber C. Cheng, from Malaysia; Nunt Buranasiri, from Thailand; Jose Manuel Azurrnendi, from Spain; Pulimootil P. Cherian, from India; Charles 0. Uduezue, from Nigeria; Tareq Alam, from Bangladesh; and Mohammed Ihsan, from Afghanistan. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 579

countries) in 1979-80; nine (from nine countries) in 1976-77. Thirty-one of the 50 students held tuition-remission scholarships. Twenty-four of the 50 received Bridgewater's B. A. degree and two its B. S. Two were graduated cum laude, three magna cum laude, and one summa cum laude. Going on to graduate and professional schools, at least five earned the Ph.D. degree; others, other advanced degrees. Several of those who remained in the U. S. A. to live and work became university professors; one a professional librarian; one a travel office executive; some public school teachers. The students' names appear in an appendix near the end of this volume.37 The proportion of women in the student population, session by session, 1964-80, ranged from 44 percent to 51. The number of war veterans in the student enrollments during these years was small. In only two of the 16 sessions, 1964-80, did the number exceed 10: 14 in 1969-70; 11in1971-72. Sara E. Bridgewater, from Brownsville, Tennessee, was a first-year student during the session, 1965-66. A Jefferson Davis and a Francis Scott Key had been Bridgewater students during the 1950's. Two handicapped students were enrolled at the college in September, 1979: a paraplegic, a day student, confined to an electric wheel chair; and a 39-inch-tall dwarf, a dormitory resident, who moved around the campus on a miniature bicycle, and who earned a Bridgewater degree. 38 Some students brought horses with them to the college, and one brought a five-foot boa constrictor as a pet, which he arranged to keep in the college's biology laboratory.39 Various religious denominations and communions, as many as 30 during the session, 1968-69, were represented in the student population, 1964-80. Besides Christians of various denominations , there were some Jewish students, Moslems, Buddhists, and adherents of other faiths.40 Notable changes occurred in the religious affiliation mosaic of the student population, 1964-80. The proportion of the Church of the Brethren students (about one-fourth of all the students, 1964-80) in the sessional enrollments declined from 39.1 percent (1964-65) to 18.8 (1979-80). The church districts that supplied the greatest number of Brethren students to the college, during the period here under review, were the following (descending order): Shenandoah, Mid-Atlantic, and Virlina. United Methodists (about one-fifth of all Bridgewater students, 1964-80) were the second largest church group during the period here under review. They were about as numerous as Brethren students during the session, 1979-80. Presbyterians ranked third in number (11.25 percent) among all the students, 1964-80; Baptists were fourth (9.17 percent); Catholics fifth (7.57 percent); Lutherans sixth (6.06 percent); Episcopalians seventh (5.66 percent). During the years 1964-80, a greater proportion of Bridgewater students lived in the campus dormitories than previously: 86.6 percent, on the average, in each session. The dormitories, during those 16 years, were the following for women: Blue Ridge Hall, Daleville Hall, and Dillon Hall; for men: Heritage Hall, Wardo Hall, and Wright Hall. Until the fall of 1975, Yount Hall, in some sessions, was occupied by men; in other sessions, by women. Among other college-owned buildings used as student residences during some of the years,

37nased upon an examination of BC catalogues, student directories, Registrar's Office records, Admissions Office files, TrM, and the AlumBF. 38FacM, Sept. 5, 1979; TrM, Nov. 3, 1979. 39Alumnus, Dec., 1965, p. 8; Bee, May 19, 1967, p. 3. 40rhe academic deans' reports are the source of data on religious affiliations; also the college chaplain. 580 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

1964-80, were the following: Bicknell House, Boitnott House, Mangus House, Charles C. Wright House, the Farm House, and the Missionary House.41 The cost of tuition, board, room (double occupancy), and other charges for a full-time resident student at Bridgewater was nearly tripled during the first 16 years (1964-80) of the Geisert presidency, the college's catalogues reveal: $1,600 in 1964-65; $4,440 in 1979-80. Even so, Bridgewater students of the 1970's were paying only about three-fourths of the cost of their education, the other fourth coming from other sources.42 To earn money for college expenses, Bridgewater students did work of various sorts during the summer months. Some girls were nannies in families; two boys found jobs in a traveling circus. During these years, the college's admissions office conducted a more vigorous and extensive quest for students: by advertisement, correspondence, telephone, and receptions for prospects at strategic centers (Alexandria, Baltimore, Richmond, and Roanoke, as well as Bridgewater), where they met the college's recruiters, current Bridgewater students and alumni, and viewed sound-slide presentations on the college. In 1976, the college engaged the services of Stuart Weiner and Associates, Inc., of Chicago, Illinois, to analyze the student market and to advise and work with the Bridgewater College Admissions Office staff on recruitment procedure. This arrangement led to the preparation and issuance in 1978 of attractive new brochures about the college, with the logo, "Bridgewater College: For a Career; For a Better Life"; also the issuance of academic department brochures and a financial aids brochure.43 Entering first-year students still had an "Orientation Week" in September, before the beginning of classes, to help them to adjust to college life. A student-to-student counseling program was initiated in September, 1974. Twenty juniors and seniors, carefully chosen and trained, served as counselors to freshmen during their orientation days in September, and throughout their first year, advising them on study habits, managing time, note-taking, registration procedures, and other matters. 44 Beginning in September, 1973, incoming first-year students were permitted to have automobiles at the college on the same basis as upperclassmen were. All automobiles had to be properly registered and parked in designated areas.45 In the opinion of two observers in the faculty, Bridgewater students of the 1960's were generally better prepared for college work than students of earlier years; were less inclined to assume major campus responsibilities, for fear of taking time from their studies; did not attend public functions as well; had little patience with anything not novel or entertaining; were more sympathetic with oppressed people and less hypocritical; were more inclined toward informality in manner and dress; and had more pocket money to spend. Many more (and a larger proportion) brought automobiles to the campus.46

41The academic deans' reports. 42nc self-study report (1980), p. 119. 431-rM, Nov. 6, 1976; Nov. 5, 1977; FacM, Feb. 15, 1977. 44FacM, Dec. 3, 1974; Alumnus, Dec., 1974, p. 17; TrM, Nov. 1, 1975. 45FacAdmComM, Nov. 10, 1972. 46w. Donald Oague in Alumnus, Dec., 1965, p. 3; W. Robert McFadden in Alumnus, Dec., 1966, pp. 2, 3. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 581

Financial Assistance for Students Financial aid for Bridgewater students was in the form of grants, loans, scholarships, and employment. Financial aid "packages" were prepared by the college's financial aid office and finally approved by the Committee on Admissions and Financial Aids. New sources of scholarship funds for Bridgewater students became available during the years 1964-80: The William Burton Dillon Scholarship Fund (1966), approximately $300,000. The John L. Driver Memorial Scholarship Fund (1967), from his estate. The Ruth Huff Cline Scholarship Fund (1973), from her estate. The Mary Hoover Smith Scholarship Fund (1977), established by her husband, Harold D. Smith, for home economics majors. The Charles W. Wampler Scholarship Fund (1977), established by Wampler Foods, Inc. (Harrisonburg, Va.), in honor of Mr. Wampler. The Jessie Ball duPont Scholarship Fund (1978), for students majoring in philosophy and religion, primarily. The Russell E. and Mary Zigler Mason Scholarship Fund (1978), established by their children and grandchildren. The Jessie Mae Conner Eller Memorial Fund (1979), established by her husband, John C. Eller, and their sons, for music education majors. The Mary and Charles Fifer Memorial Fund (1979), established by their sons and daughters. The F. Bruce Forward, Jr., Scholarship Fund (1979), established by an anonymous Bridgewater alumnus for pre-medical students. The David L. Rogers Scholarship Fund (1979), in honor of the Rev. Mr. Rogers. The H. Edgar and Mary E. Royer Memorial Scholarship Fund (1979), established by H. Edgar and Isabel I. Royer. The John W., D. Newton, and Christian E. Eller and Cora Eller Bream Scholarship Fund (1980), established by their descendants for students pursuing careers in Christian service. The Richard D. Obenshain Memorial Fund (1980), established by his friends for scholarships for students aspiring to careers in public service.47 The Warren, Robert, and Laura Craun Scholarship Fund (which had originated in 1912 as The Mrs. Laura Catherine Lam Craun Memorial Scholarship), and other such funds already established, were augmented during these years. Other new scholarship sources, by 1980, were the following: The Warren D. and Olive S. Bowman Scholarship Fund. The David and Effie Cline Scholarship Fund. The Harold and Isabelle Garber Scholarship Fund. The J. W. Hines Scholarship Fund. The Aaron M. Horst Scholarship Fund. The Nelson T. Huffman Scholarship Fund. The John M. Kline, Jr., Family Memorial Music Scholarship Fund. The A. D. and Emma Grace Miller Educational Fund. The Ruth Weybright Stauffer Organ Scholarship Fund.48

47Partners, Feb., 1967, p. 3; TrM, April 7, 1973; Alumnus, June, 1977, p. 10; June, 1979, pp. 4, 11, 12; Dec., 1979, p. 14; June, 1980, pp. 6, 14; June, 1983, p. 3. 48c (Oct., 1979), pp. 46, 47; Alumnus, Oct., 1980, p. 3. 582 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The Summer Experience Scholarship Fund originated in a $10,000 grant made by 0. P. Williams, of Upland, California, in 1971, upon the understanding that Bridgewater College would raise $40,000 more, the income from the resulting $50,000 endowment to provide scholarships for Bridgewater students who devoted a summer to church, camp, or other religious work. The church or church-related agency would provide the student with room, board, and a small weekly allowance during the summer and the student, upon returning to college in the fall, would receive a $500 scholarship (increased to $600 by 1979-80). One student participated in this "Earn and Serve Program" in the summer of 1972, and as many as nine in the summer of 1977. This scholarship fund was augmented by some funds from the Earle D. Flory estate and by the Samuel A Harley Memorial Scholarship Fund. 49 Church-college matching grants were a new type of aid authorized in 1968. The college would match, up to $100 per student per semester, the financial aid a Church of the Brethren congregation or district provided a Brethren student desiring, and qualified, to attend Bridgewater College.so Nineteen congregations were supplying such aid in 1978. During the period 1964-80, the college established some new categories of scholarships intended to attract top-notch students. In 1968, the faculty approved awarding, annually, several "President's Scholarships" to entering first-year students ranking scholastically in the top five percent of their high school graduating classes, and having commensurate SAT (Scholastic Aptitude Test) scores. The selectees would receive a stipend of $250 (increased to $1,000 by 1979-80) for each of four years, if they achieved and maintained at least a 3.2 cumulative quality point average. The first President's Scholars entered the college in September, 1970.51 In the spring of 1972, the college began offering "Honor Scholarships" to entering first- year students ranking scholastically in the top 10 percent of their high school graduating classes, and having high SAT scores. The selectees would receive a stipend of $200 (increased to $500 by 1979-80) for each of four years, if they achieved and maintained at least a 3.2 cumulative quality point average.52 Two Commonwealth of Virginia aid programs emerged in 1973: the Tuition Assistance Grant and Loan Program (TAGLP) and the College Scholarship Assistance Program (CSAP), both of them providing annual grants to students who were legal residents of Virginia. The TAGLP awards, not based on need, were available to Virginians attending private non- sectarian colleges (Bridgewater one of them) in Virginia. The annual award under this program (a loan, 1973-75; then a grant) was increased from $400 to $550 by 1979-80. The CSAP awards (grants ranging from $250 to $700), based on financial need, were available to Virginians attending either private or public colleges in Virginia. s3 U.S. government grants were other sources of financial aid to needy Bridgewater students in good standing: Basic Educational Opportunity Grants (BEOG) and Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants (SEOG), the amounts varying according to need. 54 Various loan programs were also available. One of the most popular during the 1970's was the U.S. government's Guaranteed Student Loan Program, which enabled a student to borrow from his or her local financial institution, the U. S. government paying the loan interest while

49TrM, Nov. 6, 1971; Nov. 3, 1972; Tr report to the CB district conferences of 1972, p. 3. S~rM, Nov. 2, 1968. SlFacAdmCornM, Oct. 28, 1968; TrM, Nov. 2, 1968; C (Oct., 1979), p. 44. 52TrM, April 8, 1972; C (Oct., 1979), p. 44. 53TrM, April 7, 1973; Nov. 3, 1979; BC self-study report (1980), p. 179. 54TrM, April 1, 1967; C (Oct., 1979), p. 48. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 583

the student was in college, and the student repaying the principal and interest over a 10-year period after graduation. 55 Other sources of loans were the National Direct (Defense) Student Loan Program, the Bridgewater College loan fund, the Rotary Loan Fund of the Church of the Brethren's General Board, and loan funds established by Bridgewater alumni and friends, as described previously. The default rate of Bridgewater students in the repayment of loans has been unusually low in comparison with the average default rate in colleges and universities nationwide; e. g., in 1976-77, the Bridgewater student default rate was 4.27 percent when the average student default rate was 16.86 percent nationwide. In 1979-80, the Bridgewater student default rate was 3.97 percent. Those low rates won Bridgewater commendation by the U. S. Department of Education.56 Bridgewater students benefited also from the College Work-Study Program, in which the U. S. government provided matching funds to colleges employing students for various services.57 Student financial aid at Bridgewater administered through the college increased considerably during the years 1964-80. During the academic year 1964-65, it totaled $316,560. By the session, 1979-80, it had grown to $1,927,951, as follows: Bridgewater College awards $334,142 U. S. government Basic Educational Opportunity Grants 300,580 U. S. government Supplemental Educational Opportunity Grants 74,980 U. S. government National Direct Student Loans 229,623 U.S. government College Work-Study Program 144,044 U. S. government Guaranteed Student Loans 424,867 Virginia Tuition Assistance Grants 332,981 Virginia College Scholarship Assistance Program 86,734 1,927,95158 Such financial assistance frequently made up the difference in cost between charges at Bridgewater and those at a state college or university. In 1979-80, about 92 percent of the Bridgewater students benefited from some form of financial aid.59 ·

Social Life

A two-day student-faculty planning conference, just before the beginning of the fall term in September, continued to be an annual practice. It was held at Shenandoah Acres, near Stuarts Draft (Va.), in 1965, 1966, and 1967; then at Brethren Woods, near Keezletown (Va.); later at Massanetta Springs, near Harrisonburg, and other places.6() During the years 1965-80, the annual October Homecoming for Bridgewater alumni was a more elaborate occasion than previously, with more activities, and more guest bands and floats in the pre-game parade.

55c (Oct., 1979), p. 49. 561Jusiness manager's report, Nov., 1981. 57TrM, April 1, 1967; C (Oct., 1979), p. 48. 58Business manager's report, Nov. 6, 1965; academic dean's report, Oct., 1980. 59Reaffinnation committee report, March 8-11, 1981. 60nus chapter section is based mainly on the files of the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, and the HDN-R. 584 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Parents' Day, usually in late October or early November, continued to be an enjoyable occasion that attracted an increasing number of visitors to the campus. From about 400 in the fall of 1964, the attendance grew to over 700 in 1968, over 800 in 1976, and over 1,000 in 1980. A Parents' Advisory Committee, formed in 1965, helped in planning and executing the Parents' Day program; also in welcoming new students and their parents in September, and in sponsoring fund-raising for shrubbery on the campus, furnishings in Cole Hall auditorium and Kline Campus Center lounge area, road signs to direct visitors to the college, and other projects.61 The years 1964-80 witnessed a greater variety of pre-Christmas activities than previously. In December, 1969, Kline Campus Center's Executive Program Council began sponsoring an "international bazaar" for the sale of gift items from foreign countries.62 On December 10, 1970, the Executive Program Council (with the help of the music and dramatics departments) sponsored at Kline Campus Center a "madrigal dinner" (suggested by Brian C. Hildebrand, from his knowledge of such a dinner at Indiana University). That festive occasion, at which students in Elizabethan costume performed as actors, musicians, and dancers was scheduled in subsequent years on two evenings, instead of one, so popular did it prove to be. 63 In December, 1973, the Executive Program Council and the Student Committee for Religious Activities (SCRA), together, began sponsoring on the campus mall a "Luminaries" spectacle, in the Spanish American manner (as also suggested by Brian C. Hildebrand). After a vesper service in front of Blue Ridge Hall, students, caroling and carrying lighted candles, promenaded along the mall's sidewalk bordered with lighted candles set in bags of sand. Lighted candles on the mall also outlined a cross, or a star, or some word appropriate to the Christmas season. 64

LUMINARIES ON THE CAMPUS MALL AT CHRISTMAS TIME

61oavid L. Holl's reports with the TrM, Nov. 6, 1965; April 2, 1966; April 1, 1967; April 3, Nov. 6, 1971. 62rhe T11lon, Nov. 21, 1969, p. 1; Dec. 19, 1969, p. 1. 63Alumnus, Nov., 1970, p. 16;HDN-R, Dec. 23, 1985. 64HDN-R, Dec. 15, 1980, p. 4. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 585

During many years, students portrayed on the campus the Nativity scene of the Christ child in a manger, and the college's Oratorio Choir rendered Handel's Messiah. Among other activities were a Christmas convocation in the Bridgewater Church of the Brethren; a Christmas party sponsored by SCRA, the Circle K Club, and other organizations for underprivileged elementary school children of the community; a Christmas social hosted by the Bridgewater College Women (club); a reception for the college's faculty and administrative staff on the last day of classes; the decoration of the dormitories inside and outside; and, in some years, Christmas skits and a Christmas dance.65 During this period, the May Day activities were more numerous and elaborate, featuring such motifs as "May Day in the Alps" (1966), "The Old West" (1967), "May Day in Camelot" (1969), and "Tara by Twilight" (1970). The crowning of the queen (usually by President Geisert himself) and the presentation of her court (consisting of a "duke" and "duchess" and two men and two women representing each of the four college classes) took place on the front porch and steps of Blue Ridge Hall, 1965-76; thereafter, usually, at the front entrance to the Alexander Mack Memorial Library. The pageant, presented for some years on the "East Lawn" (between Cole and Rebecca halls), was moved after the erection of Kline Campus Center to the campus quadrangle. Among other activities, during the 1960's and 1970's, were a canoe race on North River, a hospital bed relay race, girls' tricycle race, boys' bicycle race, a kangaroo ball race (by faculty men), dunkings of a volunteer in a tank of water, throwing pies at willing human targets, a "slave auction," a sleight of hand exhibition (by Professor Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr.), and a dance in the evening with the May king escbrting the queen. 66 The "international dinners," featuring dishes of foreign countries, served by the college's home economics club, Mu Epsilon Mu, during these years, were enjoyable occasions for the invited guests. Some Bridgewater girls of the 1960's and 1970's were festival princesses. Jean H. Crumpacker represented the Virginia Horticultural Society at the Winchester (Va.) Apple Blossom Festival in April, 1965. Kathy J. Squires represented the state of Kentucky at the Cherry Blossom Festival in Washington, D. C., in the spring of 1972. M. Zelene Hannan was a princess in the queen's court at the Mountain State Forest Festival in Elkins, West Virginia, in October, 1975.67 Some student couples at the college, having decided to become life companions, took their marriage vows along the banks of North River at Wildwood Park in the town of Bridgewater.

Regulations, Complaints, Mass Protests, and Changes Made In April, 1966, President Geisert reported to the college's trustees that "Bridgewater students share, to some extent, in the general unrest among college youth across the land and around the world," but that /1All in all, cooperation and morale among the faculty and students have been good."68 Occasional mass protests and demonstrations did occur during the late 1960's and early 1970's. At 10:30 a. m., April 14, 1967, several hundred students, with signs, posters, etc., held

65-rne files of the Bee, The Talon, and the Alumnus. ~ay Day programs, files of the Bee, The Talon, and the Alumnus; also the Ripples volumes. 67Bee, April 30, 1965, p. 1; The Talon, May 6, 1972, p. 3; Alumnus, fall, 1975, p. 2. 68His report with the TrM, April 1, 1966. 586 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

an orderly rally in front of the library building, and submitted a list of grievances, with proposed changes for consideration, to the college's Council on Student Affairs.69 Among the complaints expressed verbally, and in the columns of the student newspaper, The B. C. Bee, and its successor, The Talon, were the following: the prohibition of alcoholic beverages at the college; curfew hours for dormitory women (none for resident men); the number of "late leaves" for dormitory girls; the prohibition of visiting by men and women in their dormitory rooms; the infrequency of opening dormitories to outside visitors; the conservative dress code; requirements concerning class attendance and convocation attendance; restrictions on living off the campus; the inadequate authority of the Student Senate; the lack of student representation on the college's board of trustees; the college's policy of no athletic scholarships; and the lack of clarity of certain regulations. In 1968, the college administration abolished monetary fines for unexcused absences from class. 70 In December, 1968, the college's Council on Administration adopted "A Statement on an Orderly Campus Environment," prepared by President Geisert in consultation with the college's deans, and published in the students' handbook, The Eagle, in the summer of 1969. The quintessence of that statement follows:

Bridgewater College subscribes to the ideal ... that educational institutions have a duty and the corollary disciplinary powers to protect their educational purpose.... Therefore, Bridgewater College will not allow disorderly conduct or disruptive activity on its premises to interrupt its proper operation. Persons engaging in disruptive action or disorderly conduct shall be subject to disciplinary action, including expulsion ... and, if circumstances warrant, to charges of violations of law.71

In his report to the college's trustees in December, 1970, President Geisert stated that "restlessness" among the Bridgewater students in the spring of 1970, "has not manifested itself, to date, in any form of violent or disruptive behavior ..." In early 1971, students pressed the college administration "for marked changes in patterns of campus life." Student representatives met with the college trustees' Committee on Educational Policy and Campus life on February 26 and 27, 1971, and the college sent a questionnaire to the students' parents to ascertain their attitudes. In their replies, the parents, generally, strongly supported the college's position.72 The college's suspension (for two weeks) of five students for violating the regulations against drinking alcoholic beverages precipitated a vigorous protest, beginning on April 20, 1971. About 150 male students marched en masse at nighttime to President Geisert's front lawn, and there denounced the college's action, charging inconsistency in the enforcement of anti-drinking rules. About 75 female students, joining in the protest, deliberately violated curfew regulations by leaving their dormitories at midnight. Even though tempers flared at times, President Geisert promised nothing, except to agree to meet with student representatives. The protesters returned to their dormitories dissatisfied. 73 The next morning, more than 100 students assembled at the center of the campus and there resumed their protest against "social regulations and administrative inconsistencies." President Geisert and other administrators, however, were already meeting with student

69Bee, April 15, 1967, p. 1; May 5, 1967, p. 1. 70The Talon, Nov. 22, 1968. 71TrExComM, Jan. 9, 1969; TrM, April 4, 1970. 72TrM, April 3, 1971, including Dale E. Mekeel's report, March 18, 1971. 73The Talon, April 30, 1971, p. 1. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 587 representatives. The rally dwindled in numbers rather rapidly and was non-existent by noon.74 The college administration and board of trustees responded in a joint resolution, adopted on May 23, 1971. The resolution reaffirmed the college's prohibition of visiting by men and women in their dormitory rooms; reminded students of their written agreement, upon entering the college, to abide by its rules; and offered to assist any student who wished to transfer to another college and to refund his or her deposit.75 (Only one student transferred, but she later applied to Bridgewater for readmission.) The faculty supported the college administration in its positions, deplored "attempts to intimidate administrators and students," and vandalism of college property (five windows broken in the library building, some in Founders' Hall and some in Bowman Hall).76 Unrelated to the incidents just mentioned, the college announced that any student's possession or use of alcoholic beverages or illegal drugs, or of "drug-related paraphernalia or devices," on the campus or adjoining property; or being under their influence at any college sanctioned function; or "bringing undue attention to one's self'' on account of their use on the campus would be grounds for dismissal from the college, or other disciplinary action; and that the college would not protect those guilty from legal action. 77 A few Bridgewater students were arrested on and off the campus for using illegal drugs: three in October, 1971; four in the Hone Quarry Mountain area of Rockingham County in March, 1976.78 The college continued to prohibit the possession or use of firearms and fireworks, and "any lethal or potentially harmful weapons," on its property. 79 In 1970, the college allowed tobacco-smoking in some other places besides the dormitories, East College Street, and "River Road": in the Eyrie snackshop, the outside patio, and the lower restrooms of Kline Campus Center; but permitted no cigarette dispensing machines in the dormitories or in the Eyrie, and no smoking in the administrative or classroom buildings, or at their entrances. Until 1975, violators of those regulations were liable to $5.00 fines.so During the 1970's, the college allowed dormitory women more freedom. In 1971, the administration extended the time of closing the women's dormitories from 11:00 p. m. to midnight each night of the week, and, in 1974, extended the time to 12:45 a. m. on Friday and Saturday nights. By the 1979-80 session, women could return to their dormitories at later hours by presenting their identification cards to the security officer on duty at the rear door of Blue Ridge, Daleville, or Dillon Hall. 81 In 1971, the college eliminated the "sign out" requirement for dormitory women, except for late leaves and "overnights."82 Beginning in September, 1971, the college permitted dormitory women a greater number of late leaves, and leaves until later hours, as follows: on Friday and Saturday nights until 2:00 a. m. (with their parents' consent), and until 1:00 a. m. on other nights, the number of leaves

74Jbid., pp. 1, 2, 4; May 14, 1971; TrM, Nov. 6, 1971. 75Jne resolution is with the TrExComM, May 23, 1971; see also FacM, May 18, 1971. 76PacM, April 26, 1971; librarian's report, 1970-71. 77FacAdmComM, July 7, 1970; The Eagle (1979-80), pp. 16, 17. 78Faculty Sounding Board, Oct. 14, 1971;HDN-R, March 25, 1976, p. 13. 79The Eagle (1979-80), p. 17. 80rrM, April 12, 1969; The Talon, Oct. 4, 1974, p. 2; The Eagle (1974-75), p. 17; (1979-80), p. 20. 81FacM, April 26, 1971; The Talon, Feb. 8, 1974, p. 2; The Eagle (1979-80), p. 20. 82TrM, April 3, 1971. 588 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

depending on whether the dormitory resident was a first-year, second-year, third-year, or fourth-year student. 83 Beginning in September, 1974, dormitory women, with their parents' consent, could have unlimited late leaves; could, in effect, go and come as they pleased. 84 In 1973, the college's Council on Administration approved an increase in the number of campus-wide "open houses" at the dormitories (as proposed by the Student Senate) to 10 in each academic session: three in each of the three 10-week terms and one in the interterm.85 During the spring term, 1978, a new open house proposal was tried and continued during the academic year, 1979-80. The new experiment allowed open house hours for men and women students in the dormitories on Friday and Saturday nights from 7:00 to 12:00.86 Special open houses at the dormitories were customarily held on Homecoming Day, Parents' Day, May Day, and on an evening near the beginning of the Christmas holidays. The cancellation of open house privileges at Dillon Hall in October, 1976, because of a beer and liquor party there, caused a demonstration by more than 100 students, but the college maintained its stand against such beverages. 87 In April, 1970, a more liberal dress code (worked out by a faculty-student committee) went into effect. It simply stated that student attire should be "neat, clean, and appropriate to the occasion." Sunday noon dinner continued to be considered a "dress-up" occasion, but, after 1966, Wednesday evening dinner was not. The new code allowed the wearing of well-tailored shorts (of Bermuda length) in classrooms, the library, and Kline Campus Center, and specified that normal dress in all campus buildings (except dormitories) included shirts and shoes.88 Bridgewater first-year students no longer wore a ''beanie/' the distinctive crimson and gold cap, after the fall of 1972. In 1975, a "Judicial Hearing Board" was established to handle the more serious student disciplinary cases. It consisted of the dean (and assistant deans) for student development, two faculty members (appointed by the college's president), and two students (elected by the Student Senate). Its decisions could be reviewed by the college's Council on Administration and, finally, by the college's president.89

Student Capers Students of this period, as in previous years, at times indulged in antics. From the windows of Wright and Heritage halls, male students sometimes threw apples, oranges, and even soft drink bottles back and forth across the courtyard between the dormitories, resulting a few times in broken windows. One Halloween, pumpkins were the missiles used. 90 At other times, residents of the two dormitories engaged in noise competitions, with their stereos going at full blast, much to the annoyance of Broad Street and Dinkel A venue

83-rrExComM, May 23, 1971. 84FacAdmComM, April 29, 1974; The Talon, Oct. 4, 1974, p. 2. 85The Talon, Feb. 9, 1973, p. 1. 86r1ze Eagle (1979-80), p. 23. B7HDN-R, Oct. 9, 1976, p. 5. 88Bee, March 18, 1966, p. 2; Alumnus, April, 1970, p. 4; FacAdmComM, April 15, 1970. 89FacAdmComM, Oct. 20, 1975; The Eagle (1979-80), p. 18. 90pacAdmComM, Dec. 7, 1968; President's Cabinet minutes, Nov. 5, 1973. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 589

residents. One time they set afire in the courtyard between the dormitories some Christmas trees and worn-out, student-owned furniture.91 Male dormitory occupants set off false fire alarms; sprayed one another with liquids from fire extinguishers; shot out electric lights in hallways with air rifles; engaged in water battles; plugged drains and turned on faucets, causing flooding; water-drenched an unpopular campus guard; gave a cow from the college farm a lift in an elevator in Bowman Hall; coaxed a pony up the steps in a men's dormitory, but were not able to induce the animal to go down the steps on its own power.92 The women's dormitories (Blue Ridge, Daleville, and Dillon) were evacuated about 1:00 a. m. one morning in March, 1972, after anonymous telephone calls warned of bombs set to go off at 2:00 a. m. The girls, roused from their slumber, were directed to Kline Campus Center, while the town policemen, firemen, and the sheriff's deputies searched the dormitories in vain for explosives. 93 A dormitory girl once placed a dummy in her bed to convince the house mother that she was in her room when she was not.94 Initiates of the Women's Athletic Association, in certain years, had to carry, wherever they went, an umbrella, a trash can, a whistle, and a chunk of Limburger cheese.95 To celebrate off-campus victories in athletics, debate, etc., Bridgewater students continued to ring the "Victory Bell" in Memorial Hall by tugging the long rope that extended from the belfry to the second floor in the building. Prankish students once put beer into the milk dispenser in the college's dining hall. At another time, they put a Volkswagen at the entrance to the library building. Some students were given dunkings in North River on their birthdays.96 In 1965, the bronze bust of Charles Knox Cole disappeared from its niche in Cole Hall lobby and was not returned to its proper place until a few years later. In the early 1970's, it was removed again, but was eventually recovered in the college's business office.97 At a game in the gymnasium, a student once pushed a shaving cream "pie" into the face of the basketball coach, an action that resulted in a one-year's suspension from the college.98 The Student Senate, one year, sponsored a turtle race, in which turtles crawled down an inclined track in the Alumni Gymnasium, the wager money from the turtle entry fees going to a fund for muscular dystrophy.99 In the mid-1970's, Bridgewater did not escape the college campus fad called "streaking." In all their nudity, immodest male "streakers" wearing ski masks invaded the college snack shop, the library, the dining hall, and even the dignified precincts of a faculty meeting. One night in March, 1974, the civil authorities arrested two campus streakers on charges of disorderly conduct.loo

91Rerniniscences of Richard A. Oaybrook, Jr.; President's Cabinet minutes, Nov. 22, 1972. 92Rerniniscences of Richard A. Oaybrook, Jr., and Brian C. Hildebrand. 93,,Bridgewater Eaglette," March 9, 1972, p. 1. 94FacAdmCornM, Oct. 21, 1965. 95The Talon, Oct. 18, 1968, p. 1. 96Rerniniscences of Brian C. Hildebrand; The Talon, May 3, 1968, p. 5; Oct. 20, 1972, p. 2. 97Jarnes J. Kirkwood in the Alumnus, March, 1981, p. 4. 98Rerniniscence of Brian C. Hildebrand; FacAdrnCornM, Feb. 19, 1980. 99Bee, March 17, 1967, p. 1. 100HDN-R, March 8, 1974, p. 11. 590 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

A Wardo Hall denizen wooed and eventually won his life companion (a Bridgewater girl) after making a wager with a fellow student that he could and would win the fair lass who had set his heart pounding on his first date with her.101 Among other capers were male beauty contests, beard-growing competitions, toga parties, cherry pie eating contests, and "Sadie Hawkins" dances. The student frolics on May Day are described elsewhere in this chapter.

Student Altruism Bridgewater students have exerted themselves to help others. Some have served on the town of Bridgewater's volunteer rescue squad and, for some years, some have been on call to help fight fires in the George Washington National Forest. Some have donated blood. Some have raised funds for world hunger, multiple sclerosis, and other worthy causes.102 Some federal tax accounting class students have assisted taxpayers with their federal income tax forms. Some student organizations have had Halloween parties, Christmas parties, and entertainments at other times for elementary school children of the community. On two successive week-ends in January, 1973, Professors William P. Albright and James J. Kirkwood, of the Bridgewater faculty, and 14 Bridgewater students went to Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to help repair flood-damaged houses there.103 Professor Albright and members of his class spent the college's interterm in February and March, 1977, in Guatemala, helping to rebuild houses and places of business destroyed there by the earthquake of 1976.104

Student Government In May, 1967, the Student Senate, whose president and vice president were elected annually in April by a majority vote of at least a majority of the student body (and approval by a majority of the college faculty), made changes in the student government's constitution that deprived campus clubs of representation and voting privileges in the Student Senate, and that allowed one elected representative in the senate for every 50 students (or major fraction thereof), in each dormitory unit; also one representative for every 50 day students (or major fraction thereof), but not less than one representative.105 In 1972, the college faculty approved changes in the students' honor system that abolished the public posting of names of students convicted of honor code violations.106 In April, 1970, and again in May, 1971, the college's board of trustees denied a request of the Student Senate for student representation on the trustee board, on the ground that students had adequate access to the board through the college's president and through the board's Committee on Educational Policy and Campus Life.107

101Alumnus, Dec., 1980, p. 11. 102This chapter section is based on the files of the Alumnus, Partners, The Talon, and other sources. 103The Talon, Jan. 12, 1973, p. 1. l04Jbid., April 7, 1977, p. 1. 105Bee, May 19, 1967, p. 1; The Eagle (1979-80), pp. 27, 29, 30. 106FacM, Feb. 1, 1972. 107TrM, April 3, 1970; TrExComM, May 23, 1971. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 591

With the faculty's approval, the Student Senate began conducting an evaluation of the college's academic courses and instructors during the winter term, 1970, by means of a questionnaire distributed to the students and, with the faculty's approval, had a report on the evaluation of academic departments (but not on individual instructors) published in The Talon. 108 In May, 1979, the Student Senate presented to the college a portrait of Richard D. Obenshain, a Bridgewater alumnus killed in an airplane crash while campaigning for a seat in the U. S. Senate, and voted to contribute $250 to the Obenshain Memorial Fund.109

New Student Organizations New student organizations came into being (in the years indicated) upon approval by the Student Senate and the college's faculty. Among organizations essentially academic in nature were the following: a student section of the American Institute of Physics (1966), some of whose members were elected to Sigma Pi Sigma, a national honor society; a "Pre-Medical Society of Bridgewater College" (1972), open to pre-medical and pre-dental students; the Virginia Gamma Chapter of Alpha Chi (installed on May 8, 1973), an honor society of upperclassmen ranking scholastically in the top 10 percent of their classes and having at least a 3.2 quality point average (on a 4.0 scale).110 Among other new organizations were a United Nations Club, whose members participated in model UN assemblies at other colleges; a Law Enforcement Association (1979), to study and promote understanding of the criminal justice system; a Circle K Club (1972), a community service group sponsored by the Harrisonburg (Va.) Kiwanis Club; a Conservation Club (1979); an Auto Club (1971), to explain automobile mechanism, operation, ailments, and repair; a Ski and Outing Club (1977), a revival of the defunct Hillandale Club. 111 Among political action groups formed in the 1960's were a Young Democrats Club; a Young Republicans Club; and a student chapter of Young Americans for Freedom, devoted to promoting conservative ideals and furthering anti-Communist action.112 Another new student organization was the Kline Campus Center's Executive Program Council (1969), which plans and executes a social, cultural, and recreation program for the campus community. The council consists of its president, vice president, secretary, and the chairpersons of the council's six standing committees (social, special events, recreation, hospitality and service, public relations, and cultural affairs). The council also includes the dean (and assistant deans) for student development, the faculty adviser to each of the council's standing committees, and the director of Kline Campus Center.113 New religious organizations are described elsewhere in this chapter.

108FacM, Feb. 23, 1971; The Talon, Feb. 19, 1971, p. 2; May 14, 1971, p. 3; TrM, April 8, 1972. 109HDN-R, May 15, 1979, p. 15; June 15, 1979, p. 15. 110FacM, Nov. 22, 1966; Oct. 24, 1972; March 23, 1973. 111FacM, April 4, 1972; Jan. 4, 1977; May 15, Oct. 16, 1979; The Talon, Jan., 1972, p. 1. 112FacM, April 9, 1965; June 1, 1967; Nov. 14, 1969. 113Alumnus, winter, 1969, pp. 14, 15; TrM, Nov. 6, 1971. 592 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Publications The Bridgewater College student newspaper, The B. C. Bee, published biweekly since November, 1925, received from the Associated Collegiate Press during the first semester, 1965- 66, a "first-class honor rating" in its category of college student newspapers, and the same rating for its issues of the second semester, 1966-67. 114 During the 1960's, the Bee was enlarged beyond its usual four pages. Issues of six pages were common, and some had eight pages. More and larger photographs were included. During those years, the Bee carried more and more frank expression of student opinion, and much criticism of the college's social regulations. The annual "April fool" issues, with such special titles as The B. V. Dee, The Zipper, and The Zapper, were gems of ingenuity, satire, and hilarity. Some of them indulged in lampooning certain college officials. In 1968, the newspaper's regular title was changed from The B. C. Bee to The Talon, a name considered more appropriate for a school whose emblem (the eagle) was a large bird with claws. The first issue of The Talon, a title suggested by a Bridgewater College senior, J. Vern Fairchilds, Jr., appeared on May 3, 1968. Some issues were weekly, and some had 10, 12, 14, or 16 pages.11 5 The Talon, unfortunately, experienced some difficult times. "For at least the past four years," it reported in 1976, "student interest in working on The Talon has been so slight that only a few students have been producing the paper.... In light of these facts, The Talon was on the verge of ceasing publication."116 Only six issues of the paper for the 1975-76 session have been found. Thereafter, however, more student interest and cooperation were forthcoming. The Bridgewater College yearbook, Ripples, produced since 1922 by the students of the college, received from the Associated Collegiate Press a first-class rating for its 1967 edition.117 A new edition of The Eagle, the Bridgewater College student handbook since 1926, continued to appear at the beginning of each academic session. During the 1960's, when Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., was director of Bridgewater's intramural sports program, the college's Department of Physical Education began issuing a weekly news bulletin called "Eagle Feathers," about intramural sports at Bridgewater. On September 15, 1964, the office of the college's president began issuing at irregular intervals to members of the faculty and administrative staff (and, in some cases, to the college's trustees) a news bulletin called "The Bridgewater College Faculty Sounding Board." A new Bridgewater student literary magazine, Philomathean, originally published semi- annually, made its debut in a 36-page number on February 13, 1967. Its stated purpose was (and is) to encourage expository and creative writing of prose and poetry, and creative work in the field of art, by serving as a vehicle for their presentation. Professor Clarence E. May, chairman of the college's Department of English, motivated the founding of the magazine and headed the original editorial board of the journal, named in memory of an earlier Bridgewater student literary magazine, The Philomathean Monthly (1896-1925), whose original sponsor was the Philomathean Literary Society.

114Bee, May 6, 1966, p. 1; Nov. 17, 1967, p. 1. 115FacM, April 2, 1968; Bee, March 22, 1968, p. 2; May 3, 1968, p. 1. 116The Talon, May 7, 1976, p. 1. 117Bee, Jan. 19, 1968, p. 1. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 593

From January 9 to May 5, 1970, during Br-idgewater's 90th anniversary year, the college's Director of Public Information, Ronald E. Keener, issued a biweekly news bulletin, usually of eight pages, called "Inside College Relations." During the interterm in 1972, in 1973, and in 1976, Bridgewater Professor Russell L. Dunlap's class in journalism produced a newspaper, "The Bridgewater Eaglette," as a supplement to The Talon: two issues during each of the interterms and each issue of five, six, or seven pages (14 by 8.5 inches). During the years 1972-74, the college's Office of Admissions published occasional printed news bulletins, usually four pages each, called Bridgewater College Happenings. On March 6, 1978, President Geisert began issuing, to friends of Bridgewater College, an occasional newsletter about the college and its activities. Since November 1, 1978 (if not earlier), the college's Dean for Student Development has been issuing to the students, at irregular intervals, a bulletin called "Cheep Sheet," to inform them of certain college requirements and procedures, dormitory openings and closings, holidays, automobile parking, campus security measures, employment opportunities, and other matters.

Intercollegiate Debating Intercollegiate debating continued to be an important student activity at Bridgewater when Wayne F. Geisert was the college's president. With hardly any exceptions, the debating took place in tournaments in which representatives of various schools participated. At the Delta Sigma Rho-Tau Kappa Alpha (DSR-TKA) Region III tournament at American University in November, 1964, in which Georgetown University, George Washington University, the University of Maryland, and other schools participated, Bridgewater's debaters placed second, even though its team, David S. Geiman, Jr., and David A. Penrod, won all four of its debates. The question debated during the year was whether the U. S. government should establish a national program of public works for the unemployed.118 In a tournament at Elizabethtown College later the same month (Nov., 1964), the Bridgewater debaters (Geiman, Penrod, Betty M. Greathouse, and William F. Royster) were undefeated, and Royster won the trophy for the best speaker.119 At the Elizabethtown College tournament in November, 1965, the Bridgewater team, Greathouse and Royster, placed first in the varsity division of switch-sides debating (debating one side of the question, then the other side), winning all of its debates, and Betty Greathouse was judged to be the best varsity speaker. Among the schools participating were Bucknell University, Dickinson College, and Juniata College. The question debated during the year was whether U. S. law enforcement agencies should be given greater freedom in the investigation and prosecution of crime.120 At the tournament at Drexel Institute of Technology in February, 1966, in which about 40 schools participated, Bridgewater's Frederick L. Hollen and Janet Jamison won in four of the five rounds of switch-sides debating, while Bridgewater's G. Ernest Deyerle, II, and Eric M. Rice won in three of the five rounds.121

118Alumnus, Dec., 1964, p. 9. 119Jbid. 120Bee, Dec. 16, 1965 p. 1; Alumnus, Dec., 1965,p. 6. 121 Bee, March 4, 1966, p. 1. 594 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

At the DSR-TKA Region III tournament at George Washington University in November, 1966, the Bridgewater debaters, Deyerle, Penrod, Rice, and Royster, won the first place trophy, with eight wins and no losses, gaining decisions over American University, George Washington University, the University of Richmond, and the University of Virginia, among others. The question debated during the year was whether the United States should substantially reduce its foreign policy commitments.122 At a tournament at Columbia University in February, 1967, in which 54 colleges participated, the Bridgewater team of Penrod and Royster was undefeated, placing first in six rounds of switch-sides debating and gaining decisions over Cornell University, Princeton University, the U.S. Military Academy, and Williams College, among others.123 At a tournament at Dickinson College in March, 1967, the Bridgewater team of Deyerle and Jamison, by winning in five of six rounds of debating, placed first, after winning four debates and losing two at the Columbia University tournament in the preceding month. 124 At a tournament at Ball State University in January, 1968, the Bridgewater team, Deyerle and G. Thomas Brown, Jr., won four out of five debates, and at a tournament at Columbia University in February, 1969, won four out of six debates. The question debated in January, 1968, was whether the U.S. government should guarantee a minimum annual cash income to all citizens. The question in February, 1969, was whether the executive control of U.S. foreign policy should be significantly curtailed.125 At a tournament at Susquehanna University in October, 1969, Bridgewater's affirmative side team, Carolyn French and Phillip L. Whitlock, and its negative side team, Roy H. Andes and W. Dale Houff, each won four debates and lost two. The question debated during the year was whether the U. S. government should share annually a specific percentage of its income tax revenue with the state governments.126 At the DSR-TKA Region III tournament at American University in November, 1970, Bridgewater's Houff-Whitlock team won five out of six debates, and at a tournament at Old Dominion University in February, 1971, won four debates out of six, gaining decisions over the U. S. Naval Academy, Virginia Military Institute, the College of William and Mary, and Pennsylvania State University. At a tournament at Columbia University, also in February, 1971, the same team won in four of the six rounds of debate, gaining decisions over Harvard University and the University of Rhode Island, among others. The question debated during the year was whether the U. S. government should adopt a program of compulsory wage and price controls.127 At a tournament at Madison College in December, 1971, a Bridgewater team, Houff and James W. Mays, gained the decision over the College of William and Mary in the final round of debates, after winning over Duke University in the semi-finals. The question debated during the year was whether greater controls should be imposed upon the government's gathering and use of information about U. S. citizens.128 At the University of Richmond tournament in February, 1972, a Bridgewater team, G. Harlow Flory and Carolyn French, won the second place trophy in the varsity debaters'

122Alumnus, Dec., 1966, p. 10; Bee, Dec. 15, 1966, p. 1. 123Bee, March 3, 1967, p. 1. 124Alumnus, April, 1967, p. 4. 125Bee, Jan. 19, 1968, p. 1; The Talon, Feb. 28, 1969, p. 3. 126The Talon, Nov. 21, 1969, p. 1. 127Ibid., Dec. 2, 1970, p. 1; Feb. 19, 1971, p. 1; March 26, 1971, p. 3. 128Alumnus, Jan., 1972, p. 2. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 595

division, and at the Old Dominion University tournament in the same month Carolyn French won the first-place speaker award.129 At the DSR-TKA Region III tournament at Madison College in November, 1972, Bridgewater's debaters won six of the 10 trophies. Its team, James W. Mays and Janet H. Thurston, gained decisions over the U.S. Naval Academy, Northwestern University, Michigan State University, and the universities of Kentucky and Virginia. At the Shippensburg State College tournament in March, 1973, the same Bridgewater team, winning the second place trophy, gained decisions over the City College of New York and other schools. The question debated during the year was whether the U. S. government should provide a comprehensive medical care program for all citizens.130 At a junior varsity tournament at the College of William and Mary in December, 1972, the Bridgewater team, Richard A. Claybrook, Jr., and James W. Mays, placed first, and in another such tournament in February, 1973, the Bridgewater team, Claybrook and Thurston, was undefeated, with four wins. 131 At the DSR-TKA Region III tournament at Washington and Lee University in November, 1974, the Bridgewater team, James W. Mays and Cathy A. Simmons, captured the first place trophy by winning all six of its debates on a question concerning the curtailment of the powers of the U.S. president, and for the third time James W. Mays won the first place speaker award. 132 At a tournament at Wake Forest University in October, 1976, a Bridgewater team, Douglas L. Brown and Pamela A. Kline, won five out of eight debates on the question whether the U.S. government should significantly strengthen the guarantee of consumer product safety required of manufacturers. 133 At the DSR-TKA Region III tournament in November, 1977, the Bridgewater team, W. Scott Fauber and Daniel J. Neher, took second place, and Daniel W. Ulrich won the first place speaker award. The question debated during the year was whether U. S. law enforcement agencies should be given significantly greater freedom in the investigation and/or prosecution of felony crime. 134 At a Morris Harvey College tournament, also in November, 1977, the Bridgewater team, D. Burton Metzler and Daniel W. Ulrich, placed first in the novice division by winning all six of its debates. 135 By winning all five of its debates, the Bridgewater team, Curtis G. Brown and Douglas L. Brown, took first place in the junior varsity division at a tournament at Old Dominion University in April, 1978.136 Other Bridgewater debaters (besides those already named) who acquitted themselves well during these years were Susan C. Allender, Robert F. Carter, Jr., James 0. Clough, Denise DuBose, Richard W. Lowry, and Robert I. Stolzman. Nancy E. Purdy excelled in interpretive reading. During the period 1964-80, Bridgewater hosted two DSR-TKA Region III debate tournaments: one in November, 1969; the other in November, 1979. At the one in 1969, the Bridgewater teams, French and Whitlock (affirmative), Houff and Carter (negative), each won

129The Talon, March 3, 1972, p. 1. 130Alumnus, Jan., 1973, p. 2; March-April, 1973, p. 2. 131lbid.; The Talon, Feb. 9, 1973, p. 4. 132Alumnus, Dec., 1974, p. 16. 133Jbid., winter, 1976, p. 2. 134lbid ., Dec., 1977, p. 3. 135lbid. 136lbid ., Jlllle, 1978, p. 24. 596 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

four out of six debates. At the tournament in 1979, Curtis G. Brown and W. Scott Fauber, for Bridgewater, placed second in debating.137 The college also hosted a tournament for debaters in Virginia high schools on March 20, 1971, and again on February 4 and 5, 1977.138 Some Bridgewater debaters were elected DSR-TKA Region III officers. W. Dale Houff was elected regional president in November, 1970, as was Cathy S. Simmons in the fall of 1975, and Daniel J. Neher in November, 1979. Daniel W. Ulrich was elected secretary-treasurer in November, 1977. Bridgewater's director of debate, Dale E. Mekeel, was elected DSR-TKA Region III (Va., W. Va., Md., Del., and the D. C.) governor and a member of the fraternity's national council for a three-year term, 1978-81.139 The coaches of Bridgewater's debaters during this period, records show, were faculty members of various academic departments: Roger E. Sappington (history), 1959-72, whose assistants were Daniel W. Bly (history) and James A. Mumper (history); Lawrence E. Woodard (English and speech), 1972-73; and Dale E. Mekeel (social science), 1973-81.

Mock U. S. Presidential Elections

In the national presidential campaign years of the period 1964-80, candidates of the Republican Party, in every election year but one, were the favorites of Bridgewater students in the mock elections held. In the straw vote in October, 1964, in which 59 percent of the 695 students participated, Lyndon B. Johnson (Democrat) received about 44 percent of the votes cast, Barry Goldwater (Republican) about 38 percent, and other candidates about 18 percent.140 In the presidential preference poll sponsored by Time magazine in April, 1968, before the national party conventions, 546 of the 898 Bridgewater students cast 173 votes for Richard M. Nixon, 102 for Eugene J. McCarthy, 77 for Robert F. Kennedy, 70 for Nelson A. Rockefeller, 26 for Ronald W. Reagan, 22 for Lyndon B. Johnson, 21 for John V. Lindsay, and scattered their other votes among various other persons.141 In the campus poll in October, 1972, seventy percent of the students who voted favored President Nixon for re-election, 20 percent favored Senator George McGovern, and 10 percent were undecided.142 Of the 228 students (out of 779 at the college) who voted in the presidential preference poll in October, 1976, seventy-two favored President Gerald R. Ford; 49, Jimmy Carter. The others voted for other persons, or had no preference.143 In the presidential preference poll sponsored by the Student Senate in October, 1980, in which 444 of the 950 Bridgewater students participated, the Republican Party candidate, Ronald W. Reagan, received 40.3 percent of the votes cast; President Carter, 33.1 percent; John B. Anderson, 22.1 percent.144

137The Talon, Nov. 21, 1969, p. 1; HDN-R, Nov. 14, 1979, p. 24. 138The Talon, March 26, 1971, p. 3; Alumnus, March, 1977, p. 2. 139The Talon, Dec. 2, 1970, p. 1; Alumnus, winter, 1975, p. 3; Dec., 1977, p. 3; HDN-R, Nov. 14, 1979, p. 24. 140HDN-R, Oct. 31, 1964, p. 1. 141The Talon, May 3, 1968, p. 1. 142Ibid., Oct. 20, 1972, p. 3. l43Jbid., Oct. 28, 1976, p. 10. 144HDN-R, Oct. 21, 1980, p. 9. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 597

Music The successive heads of the college's Music Department, during the years 1964-80, were Nelson T. Huffman, 1925-65; Philip E. Trout, 1965-78; and Thomas R. Thornley, Jr., appointed head in 1978, and still head in 1990.145 The chief groups of student singers, 1964-80, were the following: the Oratorio Choir (successor of the men's and women's glee clubs), of 100 or more members; the Concert Choir, of 35 to 45 mixed voices; the Chorale (since 1969), of 16 members; and the Madrigal Choir, of about 14 members. During a number of the years 1964-80 (as in previous years), the Oratorio Choir rendered, in December, George F. Handel's Messiah. Among the choir's other presentations (in the years indicated) were Arthur Honegger's King David (1969), selections from Felix Mendelssohn's Elijah (1970), and David Brubeck's Light in the Wilderness (1971). The Concert Choir presented programs in Virginia, West Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and the District of Columbia during the spring months each year. The Chorale presented programs on and off the campus, some over radio and television. In January, 1970, it entertained the members of the Virginia General Assembly at a banquet in Richmond. The Madrigal Choir performed on certain special occasions. The student groups of instrumental musicians in many (if not all) of these years were the Concert Band; the Marching Band (since 1950), judged the best in the Veterans' Day parade in Harrisonburg in 1966, 1967, and 1968; the Stage Band (since 1967); a Pep Band (dating back to 1944); a Dance Band; and woodwind and brass chamber ensembles. The band directors, during the period here under review, were Roger E. Cole, 1954-66; A. George Bortz, 1966-69; David E. Arbogast, 1969-70; Robert C. Monroe, 1970-72; and Thomas R. Thornley, Jr., beginning in 1972. Besides a student chapter of the American Guild of Organists (since 1948), Bridgewater had a student chapter of the Music Educators National Conference. The period here under review witnessed the retirement from the Music Department, in 1965, of Nelson T. Huffman, "Mr. Music of Bridgewater College," after 40 years of service. "This well-schooled native musician is much more than just an excellent chorus master," commented Glenn Dillard Gunn, music critic, in the Washington Times-Herald (May 15, 1948). "He understands the voice and knows how to exploit its resources, and when to respect its limitations. Evidently, he also knows how to select his singers."146 A music composer and arranger, as well as a choral director and song leader, Professor Huffman was the music director at the summer Massanetta Springs Bible Conference (near Harrisonburg, Va.) for 31 years, at the Bridgewater (Va.) Church of the Brethren for 55 years, and at some of the Church of the Brethren's annual conferences. In 1966, the year after his retirement from the college, he founded the Rockingham Male Chorus and was its director until November, 1987. This period witnessed the retirement also from the Music Department of Mrs. Edgar E. (Ruth E. Weybright) Stauffer in 1979, after 52 years of service to the college. For 25 years, she had been the pianist at the summer Massanetta Springs Bible Conference, for some years the organist at the Church of the Brethren's annual conference, and for many years the organist at the Bridgewater (Va.) Church of the Brethren.

145This chapter section is based on the college's catalogues, records of the Music Department, and the files of the Bee, The Talan, the Alumnus, and Partners. 146Quoted in the Newsette, Aug., 1948, p. 6. 598 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The same period witnessed the retirement, in 1976, of A. Olivia Cool, teacher of piano and music theory at the college for 38 years. From the 1940's until 1971, she was the pianist at the Bridgewater (Va.) Church of the Brethren (along with Mrs. Stauffer as organist).

Dramatics The directors of dramatics at the college during these years were Charles F. Fuller, Jr., 1963-71; Mrs. Constance B. Patterson, 1971-72; and Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr., appointed in 1972 and still director in 1990.147 With the assistance of other students, the Pinion Players continued to present two main performances during each regular academic session, one in the fall and one in the spring. Among those performances during the period here under review were the following: Noel Coward's comedy, Blithe Spirit, in the fall of 1964; Anatole France's comedy, The Man Who Married a Dumb Wife, in the fall of 1965; Moliere's comedy, Tartuffe, in November, 1967; Arthur Miller's Death of a Salesman, in March, 1968; William Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, in the fall of 1969; William Inge's comedy, Bus Stop, in November, 1970; Agatha Christie's comedy- rnystery, Ten Little Indians, in October, 1973; Ayn Rand's The Night of January 16th, in April, 1974; Oscar Wilde's satirical comedy, The Importance of being Earnest, in April, 1975; Thornton Wilder's Our Town, in April, 1976; Philip C. Lewis's The American Dame, in the fall of 1977; Woody Allen's comedy, Don't Drink the Water, in May, 1979; and Reginald Rose's Twelve Angry Jurors, in May, 1980. With the college's Music Department, the Pinion Players presented some musical comedies, among them the following: Torn Jones and Harvey Schmidt's Fantasticks, in November, 1968; Charles M. Schulz's You're a Good Man, Charlie Brown, in October, 1974; F. C. Burnand and Arthur S. Sullivan's comic opera, Cox and Box, in February, 1976; Gilbert and Sullivan's operetta, H. M. S. Pinafore, in the fall of 1978. During the spring each year, the Pinion Players conducted a drama workshop, in which one-act student-produced and student-directed plays were presented in Cole Hall. In February, 1968, the Pinion Players presented a William B. Yeats play at the Virginia College Drama Festival, at which the playwright, Edward Albee, was the guest critic. For 30 years (1951-81), Mrs. Harry G. M. Jopson, affectionately known as "Mrs. J," was the technical director and costume designer for the Pinion Players.

Art Paul M. Kline continued (since 1959) as head of the Art Department. His able colleagues during the years 1964-80, the college's catalogues reveal, were Robert E. Purvis, 1968-87, and Raymond A. Yoder, 1976-80. The number of Bridgewater students taking art courses (since 1959) quintupled by 1970, in which year art was made a major field of study.148 During these years, exhibits of student art work attracted more attention. Some of the productions (sculptures in welded metals, cast stone, terra cotta, and wood; prints; paintings;

147This chapter section is based on fue files of the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, and Partners; also the college's catalogues. 148FacM, March 10, 1970; TrM, April 4, 1970. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 599 and drawings) were accepted for competition in art shows off the campus and won awards in various categories.149 Professors Kline and Purvis also entered works in exhibitions at the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, at colleges and universities in the southeastern states of the nation and elsewhere and won awards. Some of their productions were on loan in art galleries (a work by Professor Kline in the U.S. State Department's Embassies Collection). In 1967, the Art Department established a "Student Art Purchase Award" (not made every year) for an outstanding work by a Bridgewater student. The first award recipient was David S. Wayland in 1967 for his "Prometheus," a statue of welded steel, displayed for some years in the front entrance lobby of the Alexander Mack Memorial Library, but placed later, for some years, in the reception area of Kline Campus Center. The Dames Club (now Bridgewater College Women) also provided purchase awards for outstanding art works by Bridgewater students. Kline Campus Center's art gallery displays, from time to time, works of guest artists of various localities, as well as of Bridgewater students and faculty members. During these years, the college community also had the advantage of visits to the campus by an artmobile from the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts.

Fine Arts Festivals A fine arts festival was held at the college in 1965, 1966, and 1967, but, apparently, not thereafter. The one in March, 1965, featured the Gallaudet College Dancers; Shakespeare's Twelfth Night, by the Helen Hayes Repertory Company; an address by Russell Lynes, managing editor of Harper's Magazine; and an exhibit of Charles Renick's sculpture. ISO The festival in March, 1966, included Donizetti's comic opera, Elixir of Love, by the National Opera Company; a lecture by Joseph Campbell of Sarah Lawrence College; a Pinion Players performance of a modem adaptation of Euripides's tragedy, Medea; an art exhibit; and a student organ recital.151 The festival in March, 1967, featured the Virginia Symphony Orchestra, the Pinion Players' performance of Little Mary Sunshine, a Madison College dance group, and an art exhibit.152

Convocations

Beginning in September, 1967, "convocations" replaced "chapels" for the college community.153 They featured addresses (mostly by visiting speakers), educational films, worship services, an occasional panel discussion of a timely ~opic, student reports on their junior year of study at European universities, dramatic and music presentations, and programs of other types. At the opening convocation in September each year, the main speaker was usually the college's president. In May each year, an awards assembly was a

l49Tltls chapter section is based on the files of the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, and Partners. 150Partners, Feb., 1965, p. 2. 151lbid., Feb., 1966, p. 3. 152Bee, Feb. 17, 1967, p. 8. 153Alumnus, Aug., 1967, p. 14; TrM, Sept. 23, 1967. 600 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

convocation that recognized student achievement in scholarship, extra-curricular activities, and sports.154 Convocations, although conferring no academic credit, supplemented the college's general education program. They were intended to be "integrating factors" in the liberal arts education process by helping students to realize the interrelationship of the various areas of knowledge and culture. For about five years (1967-72), there was a series of convocations for freshmen and sophomores on one day each week, and another series for juniors and seniors on another weekday. Beginning in the winter term, 1973-74, seniors were required to attend only seven convocations during a 10-week term, and beginning in September, 1974, juniors were accorded the same privilege. Freshmen and sophomores were allowed to miss two convocations during a 10-week term. There were no convocations during the three-week interterm. The college's Council on Religious Activities, working with the Student Committee on Religious Activities (SCRA), sponsored, during each 10-week term, four all-college chapel services, ecumenical in nature, and students could substitute two of them for convocations during a given 10-week term. Attendance at the college's lyceum programs (usually four or five of them during an academic session), featuring theatrical companies, stage personalities, and professional musicians, could substitute for attendance at convocations. For some years, unexcused student absences from convocations incurred monetary fines ($5.00), but in May, 1979, the faculty voted to eliminate such a penalty, and instead to enter on the student's permanent record, at the end of each 10-week term, an Sor U grade, to indicate satisfactory or unsatisfactory attendance.155 In 1969, Professor W. Robert McFadden, of the college's Philosophy and Religion Department, was made "Director of Convocations," and he was still in that position in 1990, the college's catalogues show.

Religious Life The college's Council on Religious Activities continued to "encourage and nourish" religious life on the Bridgewater campus through its Committee on Church Deputations, its Committee on the Spiritual Life Institute, and its Student Committee on Religious Activities (which replaced the Student Christian Association's structure).156 In September, 1969, Willard E. Dulabaum assumed duties as the college's first full-time chaplain, replacing the part-time director of student Christian life (since September, 1959), and he served through December 31, 1973. His successor (1974-81; 1983-90) was Professor David G. Metzler, of the college's Philosophy and Religion Department.157 Within the student body, the Baptists, Brethren, Episcopalians, Lutherans, Methodists, and Presbyterians already had recognized denominational groups. By 1970, there was also at the college a Roman Catholic group, which celebrated Mass each week.158

154-rhis chapter section is based mainly on the file of convocation programs in the AMML. l55FacM, May 15, 1979. 156c, Oct., 1979, pp. 126-27; The Eagle (1979-80), p. 42; Bee, April 17, 1964, p. 1. 157rrM, April 12, 1969; Nov. 3, 1973; April 6, 1974. 158Bc self-study report (1970), pp. 279, 280. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 601

Among other new religious organizations, of the years 1964-80, were "The Navigators" (1969), who sponsored programs of Bible study and personal evangelism in the dormitories; a chapter of the "Fellowship of Christian Athletes" (1969); and a "Peace Awareness Group" (1980).159 In 1971, the college's faculty approved changing the name of the Clericus to "SIRCH" (Students Interested in Relating to the Church); also the composition of the group, so as to include all students who wanted to relate to a church in a clerical or lay capacity. 160 The number of ministerial students averaged 11 per academic session, 1964-80, a considerably smaller number than in previous years, the academic deans' reports reveal. "Focus Week," which (in 1963) replaced "Religious Emphasis Week," in focusing attention annually on an important social issue of the day, continued to bring to the campus notable figures, among them Mrs. Evelyn M. Duvall (writer on courtship and marriage), in 1965, and Ernest Gordon, Dean of the Chapel, Princeton University, in 1976.161

The Spiritual Life Institutes

A Spiritual Life Institute, planned by officers of the Church of the Brethren's Southeastern Region and Bridgewater College jointly, continued to be an annual event during President Geisert's administration. It attracted to the college community, for three days during the first or second week of February each year, from 300 to 500 visitors. The sessions were held in the College Street Church of the Brethren sanctuary.162 The institutes' directors, during the period here under review, were Samuel A. Harley, 1965-71; Dale E. Mekeel, 1972, 1973; David L. Holl, 1974-79; and Ben F. Wade, 1980. Among Church of the Brethren figures who participated in the institutes (in the years indicated) were the following: Robert C. Bowman (1972), pastor, Barren Ridge Church of the Brethren (Augusta Co.~ Va.); S. Loren Bowman (1966), executive secretary, Christian Education Commission, Church of the Brethren; Dale W. Brown (1966), professor, Bethany Theological Seminary; Phyllis N. Carter (1980), Florida and Puerto Rico District executive, Church of the Brethren; William R. Eberly (1980), moderator, Church of the Brethren annual conference; Vernard Eller (1975), professor, La Verne College; Earle W. Fike, Jr. (1968), professor, Bethany Theological Seminary; H. Lamar Gibble (1977), consultant, World Ministries Commission, Church of the Brethren; Warren F. Groff (1978), president, Bethany Theological Seminary; J. Wayne Judd (1980), pastor, Bridgewater (Va.) Church of the Brethren; Paul W. Kinsel (1966), director, Brethren Service Center, New Windsor, Maryland; Lauree Hersch Meyer (1978), professor, Belmont Abbey College; Dean M. Miller (1975), pastor, Hagerstown (Md.) Church of the Brethren; Donald E. Miller (1965), professor, Bethany Theological Seminary; Howard A. Miller (1971), pastor, Harrisonburg (Va.) Church of the Brethren; Anna Beahm Mow (1974), former Bethany Theological Seminary professor; Robert W. Neff (1974, 1979), Bethany Theological Seminary professor in 1974, and general secretary of the General Board of the Church of the Brethren in 1979; Paul M. Robinson (1970, 1980), president, Bethany Theological Seminary; Robert L. Sherfy (1968), pastor, Bridgewater (Va.) Church of the Brethren; Graydon F. Snyder (1973), professor, Bethany Theological Seminary;

159FacM, May 29, Nov. 14, 1969; May 20, 1980. 160FacM, Jan. 26, 1971. 161 From the Bee and the Alumnus. 162The institutes' programs, in the AMML (Special Collections Room), are the chief source of information for this chapter section. 602 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Joel K. Thompson (1973), associate general secretary, Church of the Brethren; M. Guy West (1968), pastor, York (Pa.) Church of the Brethren; Edward K. Ziegler (1965), editor, Brethren Life and Thought; Nevin H. Zuck (1967), pastor, Elizabethtown (Pa.) Church of the Brethren; and C. Wayne Zunkel (1966), pastor, Harrisburg (Pa.) Church of the Brethren. Two other speakers, B. Merle Crouse (1976) and David B. Rittenhouse (1965), had been Church of the Brethren missionaries in Ecuador. Other institute speakers were the following: in 1965: Edgar N. Jackson, pastor, Mamaroneck (N. Y.) Methodist Church; and George W. Weber, professor, Union Theological Seminary (New York City); in 1966: R. Kem Eutsler, pastor, Washington Street Methodist Church, Alexandria, Virginia; and Charles D. Flory, professional psychologist, New York City; in 1967: Tibor Chikes, professor, Wesley Theological Seminary; J. Paul Gruver, professor, Shenandoah College and Conservatory of Music; and Paul G. Rademacher, professor, Evangelical Theological Setninary; in 1968: J. Keith Miller, Episcopal layman, author, and businessman; in 1969: Robert A. Blees, pastoral counseling center director, First Community Church, Columbus, Ohio; and Rosa Page Welch, musician and former missionary; in 1970: William B. Oglesby, Jr., professor, Union Theological Seminary (Richmond, Va.); in 1971: Donald W. Shriver, Jr., professor, North Carolina State University; and Ernest A. Smith, United Methodist Church official; in 1972: Myron S. Augsburger, president, Eastern Mennonite College; L. Harold DeWolf, dean, Wesley Theological Seminary; and William E. Pannell, vice president, Tom Skinner Crusades, Inc.; in 1973: Cynthia C. Wedel, past president, National Council of the Churches of Christ in the u. s. A.; in 1974: James D. Glasse, president, Lancaster Theological Seminary; and Ross Mackenzie, professor, Union Theological Seminary (Richmond, Va.); in 1975: Carlyle Marney, founder and director, Interpreters' House, Lake Junaluska, North Carolina; in 1976: Douglas Adams, professor, University of Montana; and Edmund A. Steimle, former professor, Union Theological Seminary (New York City); in 1977: Howard G. Hageman, president, New Brunswick Seminary; and Granger E. Westberg, professor, University of Illinois; in 1978: Ernest R. Gibson, executive director, Greater Washington (D. C.) Council of Churches; in 1979: Norman V. Hope, professor emeritus, Princeton Theological Seminary; and Speed B. Leas, staff member of the Alban Institute; in 1980: Fred R. Stair, Jr., president, Union Theological Seminary (Richmond, Va.). Bridgewater College faculty members were other institute participants: William P. Albright, John G. Barr, Willard E. Dulabaum, Wayne F. Geisert, Jesse E. Hopkins, Jr., Harry G. M. Jopson, George R. Lucas, Jr., W. Robert McFadden, William L. Mengebier, David G. Metzler, James A. Mumper, Roger E. Sappington, Martha B. Thornton, Philip E. Trout, W. Steve Watson, Jr., and William G. Willoughby. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 603 Athletics Athletics at the college, 1964-80, continued to be under the supervision of the Council on Athletics, whose successive chairmen during the period here under review, the college's catalogues reveal, were the following faculty members: Daniel S. Geiser, 1960-66; Harry G. M. Jopson, 1966-79; and Thomas M. Kinder, beginning in 1979. No financial aid for athletes, except on the same basis as for non-athletes, continued to be Bridgewater's policy (determined ultimately by the faculty and trustees). The men's intercollegiate athletic program was (and is) under the immediate administration of the director of athletics. During the period here under consideration, the successive athletic directors were the following faculty members: Daniel S. Geiser, 1946-66; Melvin L. Myers, 1966-69; James A. Reedy, 1969-78; and Thomas M. Kinder, beginning in 1978. The women's intercollegiate athletic program was (and is) under the jurisdiction of the college's Department of Health and Physical Education, but is under the immediate supervision of the director of women's athletics, to which position Laura S. Mapp was appointed in 1961, and in which she was still serving in 1990. The college has had affiliations with several athletic federations, among them the National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA), in which Bridgewater's athletic directors have received recognition. In 1974, James A. Reedy was named a member of the NCAA Division Ill basketball committee for a three-year term, and, in 1980, Thomas M. Kinder was elected to the five-member steering committee of the NCAA Division m.163 Bridgewater continued (since 1941) to be a member of the Mason-Dixon Intercollegiate Athletic Conference until 1975. In 1972, Bridgewater became one of the charter members of the Virginia College Athletic Association (VCAA), without severing ties with the Mason-Dixon Conference, or with the NCAA. The VCAA included 15 Virginia colleges, public and private, having a full-time male undergraduate enrollment of 2,000 or less. 164 In the same year (1972), the Bridgewater faculty approved the college's affiliation with the Interstate Athletic Conference (IAC), formed in 1971, whose other members were Eastern Mennonite College, Messiah College, and Shenandoah College and Conservatory of Music.165 In May, 1975, Bridgewater became a charter member of the Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC), a new association composed of eight private liberal arts colleges in Virginia (Bridgewater, Eastern Mennonite, Emory and Henry, Hampden-Sydney, Lynchburg, Randolph-Macon, and Roanoke colleges, and Washington and Lee University) having similar athletic philosophies and policies, and committed to following the NCAA Division Ill rules, which prohibit financial aid to athletes, except on the same basis as to non-athletes. Bridgewater's athletic directors were prominent in the ODAC. In 1978, James A. Reedy was elected to a two-year term as president of the conference and, in 1980, Thomas M. Kinder was chosen vice president, 166 From 1972 to 1982, Bridgewater was a member of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW), which included all colleges, large and small, public and private, nationwide that enrolled women. Bridgewater was located within Region II (Va., Ky., Tenn., N. C., and S. C.) of Division Ill of that association's geographical structure. When the AIAW

163BCHappenings, June, 1974, p. 1; HDN-R, Jan. 31, 1980, p. 21; Alumnus, March, 1980, p. 3. 164FacM, April 4, 1972; HDN-R, April 17, 1972; Athletic Council minutes, Sept. 20, 1972. 165FacM, April 4, 1972. 166HDN-R, May 24, 1978, p. 25; Alumnus, March, 1980, p. 3. 604 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

folded, membership for Bridgewater women was transferred, in 1982, to the NCAA and the ODAC.167 In November, 1973, Bridgewater became a member of the Virginia Federation of Intercollegiate Sports for Women (VFISW), which included all Virginia colleges, large and small, public and private, that enrolled women.168 The college's Department of Health and Physical Education continued to foster (since the 1930's) a program of intramural sports, in which about 60 percent of the students (men and women) were participating in 1980.169 Intramural sports included archery, badminton, basketball, bowling, flag football, golf, handball, soccer, softball, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. Teams representing the different residence halls, at times, competed against one another. In certain years, wrestling was an intramural sport for men. Nevertheless, in April, 1965, a Bridgewater "intramural" team competed with an "intramural" team of Eastern Mennonite College, and that, reportedly, was Bridgewater's first intercollegiate wrestling match since the spring of 1950.170 During the period here under review, the directors of intramural sports for m·en were Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., 1953-67; John S. Spencer, 1967-68; James A. Reedy, 1968-78; and Thomas M. Kinder, 1978-80. The directors for women were Laura S. Mapp, 1961-67; Mrs. Virginia M. Gross, 1967-69; Barbara J. Purkey, 1969-70; and Mary Frances Heishman during the 1970's.171

Football During the years 1964-80, records reveal, Bridgewater played 147 games of football with 21 colleges and universities of six states and the District of Columbia in the years, or during the periods, indicated as follows: Bluefield State College (W. Va.), 1976, 1977; Catholic University of America (D. C.), 1978, 1979, 1980; District of Columbia Teachers College, 1972, 1973, 1974; Edinboro State College (Pa.), 1964, 1965; Emory and Henry College (Va.), 1976-80; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1964-73; Gallaudet College (D. C.), 1964-71 ; Guilford College (N. C.), 1964-80; Hampden-Sydney College (Va.), 1964-80; Liberty Baptist College (Va.), 1975-78; Madison College (Va.), 1974, 1975; Maryville College (Tenn.), 1972-80; Newport News Apprentice School (Va.), 1970-80; Randolph-Macon College (Va.), 1964-80; St. Paul's College (Va.), 1970-80; Shepherd College (W. Va.), 1964-75; Towson State College (Md.), 1968, 1969; Washington and Lee University (Va.), 1964-80; Western Maryland College, 1966-76; West Virginia Institute of Technology, 1967-71; and West Virginia Wesleyan College, 1965.172 Bridgewater was the winner in 59 of the 147 games. Two games ended in a tie. The college's teams had four winning seasons: 1968 (five wins, three losses), 1971 (six wins, three losses), 1973 (five wins, four losses), and 1980 (six wins, three losses). During the fall of 1972, the record was four wins and four losses. In the fall of 1980, the Bridgewater team won the Old Dominion Athletic Conference (ODAC) football championship, the first· football conference championship won in the college's history, and its coach, John S. Spencer, was named ODAC's football coach of the

167Athletic Council minutes, Sept. 20, 1972; Alumnus, June, 1982, p. 20. 168TrM, Nov. 2, 1973. 169ac self-study report (1980), p. 190. 170Alumnus, April, 1965, p. 16; Aug., 1965, p. 11. 171oepartment of Health and Physical Education records. 172This chapter section is based upon the records of Bridgewater Professor John S. Spencer; reports in the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, Partners, and the HDN-R; also the Ripples volumes. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 605

year. During that season, his team won its games with Catholic University, Emory and Henry College, Maryville College, Randolph-Macon College, St. Paul's College, and Washington and Lee University. Although winning in only 40 percent of their games in the years 1964-80, Bridgewater's football teams of those years included some outstanding players who received recognition as such. The following Bridgewater men were named to Virginia all-state small college first teams: Nathan H. Miller (guard) in 1964; E. Yager Marks (offensive back) and Guy B. Stull (tackle and end) in 1965; Barry E. Myers (guard and end) and M. Terry Westhafer (halfback) in 1968; J. Larry Blohm (halfback) and Thomas J. Scinto (tackle) in 1969. Others received honorable mention: Robert E. Baker (end) in 1964; John F. Loving (tackle) in 1968; Ronald L. Jackson (center) in 1969; and Haywood B. Riner, Jr., in 1971. The following Bridgewater players were chosen to all-VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Association) football teams: Glen H. Goad (linebacker) in 1972 and 1973; James A. Hulvey (defensive tackle) in 1972; and Robert J. Stevens, Jr., (linebacker) in 1973. The following Bridgewater football players were named to all-ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Conference) first teams: John S. Holland (linebacker) in 1976 and 1977; Arthur J. Andrey, Jr., in 1977; Joe C. Freeland (lineman) in 1978; Tony R. Davenport (defensive back), John Dwyer (wide receiver), and Jerry W. Hoffman (nose guard) in 1979; Gerald D. Benjamin (defensive back), John W. Cole (tackle), and Jeffrey D. McCurry (center) in 1980. Others were second team selectees: Samuel E. Baker, Jr. (lineman), Shane D. Stevens (defensive back), and Steven L. Weaver (linebacker) in 1978; Mitchell H. Powell (linebacker) and Michael R. Warren (center) in 1979; and David R. Wellman (tailback) in 1980. Bridgewater football players were named also to all-conference first teams of the Mason- Dixon Athletic Conference: Nathan H. Miller (guard) in 1964; Guy B. Stull (tackle and end) in 1966; Thomas E. Glasgow (fullback) in 1966 and 1967; Barry E. Myers (guard and end) in 1966 and 1968; C. Stephen Trader (center) in 1966; James H. Walsh (halfback) in 1967; Charles L. Mason (end) in 1967 and 1968; M. Terry Westhafer (halfback) in 1968; James A. Hulvey (defensive tackle) in 1970, 1971, and 1972; Glen H. Goad (linebacker) in 1973; and Robert J. Stevens, Jr., (linebacker) in 1973. Others received honorable mention: Robert E. Baker (end), E. Yager Marks (offensive back), and William F. Duke, Jr., (center) in 1964; Paul H. Tobler, Jr., (lineman) and John F. Loving (tackle) in 1968. Marshall L. Flora, Jr., a Bridgewater tailback, received honorable mention by the Sports Writers of America in their selection of the 1969 Little All-American football team, and he was named a third-team small college all-American running back in 1970 by the NCAA. He was placed also on the Virginia all-state small college first football team in 1969 and 1970, and on the Mason-Dixon all-conference first team in those years. He was ranked second in the NCAA college division in individual rushing yardage in 1970. At Bridgewater, during his four years, his total rushing yardage was 3,474 on 772 carries. During the 1970 season, his record was 1,536 yards, an average of 170.6 yards per game. These were new Bridgewater records. Never before had a Bridgewater football player exceeded 1,000 yards rushing in one season.173 Bridgewater's Bruce C. Cowan, another Virginia all-state small college tailback, received honorable mention in the selection of the Little All-American football team in 1971, in which season he carried the ball 1,252 yards (an average of 139.1 yards per game) for 13 touchdowns and kicked the extra points.174 Chris W. Sizemore received honorable mention in the selection of the Little All-American football team of 1974. He ranked next after Marshall Flora as a rusher, with 3,394 yards during

173Alumnus, winter, 1969, p. 25; Jan., 1971, p. 3. 174Ibid.,Jan., 1972, p. 4. 606 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

his four years of play as a tailback, and 1,211 yards in kickoff and punt returns, giving him the Bridgewater record (4,605 yards) in "all-purpose running." In three consecutive seasons (1972, 1973, and 1974), he was the leading rusher among the VCAA's players, and was among the top five rushers among the NCAA College Division III players.175 In 1975, Charles J. DeWitt, a Bridgewater wide receiver, was chosen by the American Football Coaches Association to the Kodak College Division III All-American football team, and received honorable mention in the selection of the Associated Press's small college All- American team. He finished the 1975 season as the nation's Division III leading pass receiver.176 Bridgewater's Duane E. Harrison, quarterback, was recognized as the leading punter (with a 41.9 yard average) among the NCAA Division III college players in 1979. He was named quarterback and punter on the all-ODAC first team in 1979 and 1980.177 The captains of the Bridgewater football teams, 1964-80, are named below: 1964 Vernon E. Dutterer, Herbert J. Griffith, and Ralph W. Hicks, Jr. 1965 Robert E. Baker, William F. Duke, Jr., and E. Yager Marks 1966 Guy B. Stull 1967 Thomas E. Glasgow, Robert W. Prater, and James H. Walsh 1968 Charles L. Mason and Barry E. Myers 1969 Larry W. Carter, Alan W. Tibbs, and Paul J. Von Herbulis 1970 G. Wayne Dodson, Marshall L. Flora, Jr., and James H. Moore, Jr. 1971 Seniors on the team alternated as captains 1972 James A. Hulvey and Haywood B. Riner, Jr. 1973 Larry D. Maxey and Robert J. Stevens, Jr. 1974 Glen H. Goad and Chris W. Sizemore 1975 Charles J. DeWitt and Reggie S. Smith 1976 E. Nolan Morris, Steven S. Snarr, and Michael J. Stevens 1977 John S. Holland, Steven D. Van Huss, and Thomas L. Wingate 1978 Horace L. Falls, Jr., Michael F. Konopa, Jr., and Shane D. Stevens 1979 Arthur J. Andrey, Jr., and Michael R. Warren 1980 Duane E. Harrison and Kevin F. Wholey178 Bridgewater's coaches of football, 1964-80, were George A. Keim, 1960-64; Kenneth C. Day, 1965-67; and John S. Spencer, 1968-84. The assistant coaches were Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., 1961- 66; Melvin L. Myers, 1962-67; John S. Spencer, 1967; Samuel C. Gross, 1968; Carlyle Whitelow, 1969-; and James A. Hulvey, 1974-82.179

175lbid., Dec., 1974, p. 18; HDN-R, May 16, 1975. 176HDN-R, Dec. 18, 1975;Alumnus, winter, 1975, pp. 7, 8. 177Alumnus, Dec., 1979, p. 6; Dec., 1980, p. 18; HDN-R, Nov. 10, 1980, p. 20. 178Records of Coach John S. Spencer and other sources. 179coach Spencer's records, the Ripples volumes, and other sources. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 607 608 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Cross-Country During the 17 years, 1964-80 (inclusive), Bridgewater's cross-country runners had 11 winning seasons in their dual, triangular, and quadrangular meets. In three other seasons, they had as many wins as losses. They were the winners in about two-thirds of their dual meets, in one-half of their triangular meets, and in a smaller proportion of their quadrangular meets.180 Among Bridgewater's competitors in the dual meets were 15 Virginia colleges: Christopher Newport, Eastern Mennonite, Emory and Henry, George Mason, Hampden Sydney, Liberty Baptist, Lynchburg, Madison, Mary Washington, Old Dominion, Radford, Roanoke, University of Richmond, Virginia Military Institute, and Washington and Lee University. Other competitors in dual meets were Frostburg State College (Md.), Gallaudet College (D. C.), Messiah College (Pa.), and Warren Wilson College (N. C.). In the triangular meets, American University (D. C.), Elizabethtown College (Pa.), and Mount St. Mary's College (Md.) were other competitors. In the quadrangular meets, there were no new competitors. In the Virginia Little Eight meets, the Bridgewater runners placed first in 1967, 1969, 1970, and 1971; second in 1965; second in 1966 (but Bridgewater's Kenneth M. Lancaster was the first runner to cross the finish line); second in 1968; and third in 1964. In the Virginia state meets, in which the competitors were more numerous and stronger, the Bridgewater harriers placed fourth in 1964 and 1971; fifth in 1966; sixth in 1965 and 1969; seventh in 1968. Records for 1967 and 1970 are lacking. In the Mason-Dixon Athletic Conference meets, the Bridgewater runners placed second in 1970 (but Bridgewater's Douglas A. Coleman came in first in the race); second in 1972; third in 1967, 1968, and 1971; fourth in 1969; fifth in 1965 and 1966; and sixth in 1964. In the VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Association) meets, the Bridgewater harriers placed first in 1972 and 1973; third in 1975; and fourth in 1974. In the ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Conference) meets, the Bridgewater runners placed second in 1976 and 1977; third in 1978 (but Bridgewater's Gerald P. Crouse finished first in the race); third in 1980 (but Bridgewater's Dwight Denlinger came in first in the race); and fourth in 1979. Some Bridgewater harriers qualified for participation in the NCAA Division III cross-- country meets: in 1971 a team consisting of Burton A. Boardman, Douglas A. Coleman, R. Philip Hanger, Charles R. Phillips, and John B. Scheel; in 1972, a team that included Robert R. Anderson, Jr., Coleman, Hanger, Phillips, and Scheel. In the NCAA Division III championship competition in November, 1973, Phillips placed 27th among the 250 runners, nearly making the Little All-American team (the first 25 finishers). Michael A. Kidd, in 1976, and Gerald P. Crouse, in 1976 and 1978, competed in the NCAA Division III meet, and Dwight Denlinger qualified for the national meet in 1980. Bridgewater's cross-country runners elected a team captain only in certain years, as follows (so far as can be determined) during the period 1964-80: in 1964, Douglas G. Shear; in 1965, Ronald H. Coleman; in 1966, Dean A. Carter; in 1967, David C. Newbrough; in 1971 and 1972, Robert R. Anderson, Jr., and Douglas A. Coleman; in 1973, R. Philip Hanger, Charles R. Phillips, and Martin T. Smith, Jr. Some other outstanding Bridgewater harriers during this period were the following: in the mid and late 1960's, Charles W. Fairchilds, Dean L. Hauptman, Brian D. Kennedy, Stephen F.

lBOThis chapter section is based mainly on reports in the Alumnus, the Ripples volumes, and the HDN-R; also on questionnaires sent to alumni. Bridgawater College: Tlidtirst Hundred Years, 1880-1980 609

May, William D. Famplin, Bhrce E. Robinson, and Stephen A. Sine; in the 1970's, Stephen W. Broache, Steven E. Gardner, Eric M. Kyger, Darryl L. Metts, Ralph G. Rhodes, Curtis G. Rowland, and Gregory L. Via. Some runners in the fall of 1980 were C. David Burtner, Peter M. Crouse, Harold L. Dyer, Thomas F. Gross, Terry L. Lenny, Jim Nichols, Patrick H. Paul, and Kurt R. Ritchie. Three women joined the cross-country squad in the fall of 1977. As many as six Bridgewater girls were members in the fall of 1979. Professor Harry G. M. Jopson continued (since 1938) to be Bridgewater's cross-country coach through the 1980 season. During the 1960' s, he was assisted by two faculty colleagues, Robert K. Bums and Paul M. Kline. When he was on sabbatical leave, during the fall of 1970, Charles W. and J. Vern Fairchilds, Jr., brothers, directed the cross-country runners for their former coach. In 1973, Dr. Jopson was chosen cross-country coach of the year by his fellow coaches in the Virginia College Athletic Association.

Men's Basketball During the years 1964-80, records reveal, Bridgewater men played 398 games of basketball with 53 colleges and universities of 10 states and the District of Columbia. 181 They competed with 21 schools in Virginia in the years indicated as follows: Averett College, 1978, 1979; Christopher Newport College, 1974-80; Eastern Mennonite College, 1971- 80; Emory and Henry College, 1966-80; George Mason University, 1970; Hampden-Sydney College, 1965-80; Liberty Baptist College, 1978; Longwood College, 1980; Lynchburg College, 1965-80; Madison College, 1972-75; Old Dominion University, 1965-67; Radford College, 1976- 79; Randolph-Macon College, 1965-76; Richmond Professional Institute, 1965-68; Roanoke Callege, 1965-80; St. Paul's College, 1973; Shenandoah College, 1971-80; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1969; Virginia Military Institute, 1975; Virginia Wesleyan College, 1974-80; and Washington and Lee University, 1965-80. They, had games also with 32 schools in nine states other than Virginia, and in the District of Columbia, in the years indicated as follows: Alderson Broaddus College (W. Va.), 1974; University of Baltimore (Md.), 1965-72; Bluefield College (W. Va.), 1979, 1980; Bridgewater State College (Mass.), 1977; Catholic University (D. C.), 1968; Centre College (Ky.), 1969; David Lipscomb College (Tenn.), 1966; Davis and Elkins College (W. Va.), 1965-80; District of Columbia Teachers College, 1973-75; Elizabethtown College (Pa.), 1969; Fairleigh Dickinson University (N. J.), 1975; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1972-75; Gallaudet College (D. C.), 1965-71; Grace College (Ind.), 1971; Guilford College (N. C.), 1965; King College (Tenn.), 1968, 1978; Lebanon Valley College (Pa.), 1976; Loyola College (Md.), 1966, 1967; Maryville College (Tenn.), 1976; Messiah College (Pa.), 1972-80; Millersville State College (Pa.), 1966-68; Mount St. Mary's College (Md.), 1965-70; University of North Carolina (at Charlotte), 1967; University of North Carolina (at Greensboro), 1974; Pennsylvania State University (at Harrisburg), 1980; Salisbury State College (Md.), 1970; Shepherd College (W. Va.), 1965-72; Southeastern University (D. C.), 1970-73; Towson State College (Md.), 1970, 1976; Washington College (Md.), 1965-70; Western Maryland College, 1965-80; and West Virginia Institute of Technology, 1970. The Bridgewater men were the winners in 169 of their 398 games with the 53 schools. They had six winning seasons: 1965-66 (16 wins, 9 losses), 1966-67 (18 wins, 9 losses), 1967-68 (14

181This chapter section is based upon the records of Bridgewater Professor Melvin L. Myers; reports in the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, Partners, and the HDN-R; also the Ripples volumes. 610 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

wins, 11losses),1969-70 (14 wins, 11losses),1972-73 (15 wins, 10 losses), and 1973-74 (14 wins, 11 losses). In 1971-72, the record was 13 wins and 13 losses. Bridgewater finished in second place among the basketball teams of the Virginia Little Eight colleges in 1966-67, and in second place among the teams of the VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Conference) Western Division colleges in 1973-74. Bridgewater finished in third place among the basketball teams of the Southern Division colleges of the Mason-Dixon Athletic Conference in 1965-66, 1966-67, and 1967-68, and in fourth place in 1968-69 and 1969-70. In 1972 and 1974, Bridgewater was the tournament champion among the colleges (Eastern Mennonite, Messiah, and Shenandoah, besides Bridgewater) of the Interstate Athletic Conference, and was the runner-up in the 1973 tournament. Bridgewater finished fourth in the ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Conference) tournament in 1978, and tied for fourth place in the tournament in 1979. Although winning in only 42 percent of their games in the years 1964-80, Bridgewater's basketball teams of those years included some outstanding players who received recognition as such. Joseph S. Browder (who, during his years at Bridgewater, scored 1,381 points; a 17.2 point-average per game), Paul L. Hatcher (who scored 1,358 points; a 16.3 point-average per game), and James F. Ellis (who scored 893 points; an 18.6 point-average per game) were named to select basketball teams of the Virginia Little Eight colleges during the 1960's. While at Bridgewater, James E. Upperman (1964-68) scored 2,237 points (a 22.4 point- average per game), a new Bridgewater record, and one that ranked him among the top small college basketball scorers in the nation. Not only was he named to the top teams of the Virginia Little Eight colleges and the Mason-Dixon Athletic Conference, he also received honorable mention in the selection of the 1967 Little All-American basketball team. During his Bridgewater career, Thomas D. Wright scored 1,447 points (a 14.8 point- average per game; 40 points in one game). He was named to the VCAA's first team in 1976, and, in the same year, to the All-American third team, District III, College Division, of the NCAA. Other outstanding Bridgewater basketball players during this period were Samuel W. McCoy, who scored 1,474 points; Ronald G. Cook, who scored 1,380; his brother, C. Edward Cook, Jr., who scored 1,378; James R. Wampler, who scored 1,253; Frederick A. Wampler, who scored 1,166; Jeffrey R. Smith, who scored 1,063; Lester B. Perry, who scored 1,022; and Thomas C. Clayton, who scored 1,003. Thomas S. Payne, who scored 964 points (a 19.3 point-average per game), was named to the VCAA's first team in 1974. Christopher Wilbourne was chosen to the all-ODAC second team in 1978, as was William R. Creveling in 1979. High scoring distinguished the 1969-70 basketball season. In each of nine games, the Bridgewater team scored more than 100 points (as it had during the 1954-55 season), 130 points in one game. A two-day invitational "Rotary Holiday Tournament," sponsored by the Bridgewater town Rotary Club, continued to attract to the Bridgewater College gymnasium in late December or early January each year since January, 1964, teams from Pennsylvania, Maryland, West Virginia, Kentucky, Tennessee, and North Carolina, as well as Virginia. The captains of the Bridgewater basketball teams, 1964-80, are named below: 1964-65 John P. Erb and James L. Peak, Jr. 1965-66 Joseph S. Browder and Paul L. Hatcher 1966-67 James A. Hawley, III Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 611

1967-68 C. Edward Cook, Jr., and James E. Upperman 1968-69 Frederick A. Wampler and Dennis M. Woolfrey 1969-70 Robert D. Boyle, Mike E. Nunnally, Frederick A. Wampler, and Dennis M. Woolfrey 1970-71 James R. Wampler 1971-72 Ronald G. Cook 1972-73 Thomas C. Clayton 1973-74 Samuel W. McCoy and Eric E. Mills 1974-75 Ronald B. Simms and Thomas D. Wright 1975-76 Thomas D. Wright 1976-77 Mark C. Altizer and E. Dustyn Miller 1977-78 William D. Pope 1978-79 James E. Hodges, Jr., and William D. Pope 1979-80 William D. Pope Bridgewater's head basketball coach, 1962-85, was Melvin L. Myers. His assistants were J. Richard Rader and George A. Keim, 1964-65; Stan Thomas, 1965-66; James A. Reedy, 1966-69; and Carlyle Whitelow, 1969-.

Baseball During the 16 years, 1965-80 (inclusive), the available records reveal, Bridgewater men played at least 315 games of baseball with 50 colleges and universities of 13 states and the District of Columbia.1s2 They played 188 of the 315 games with 13 schools in Virginia in the years indicated as follows: Eastern Mennonite College, 1971-80; Emory and Henry College, 1975-80; Hampden- Sydney College, 1965-80; Lynchburg College, 1965-80; Madison Coilege, 1971-75; Newport News Apprentice School, 1977-79; Old Dominion College, 1965-68; Randolph-Macon College, 1965-80; Richmond Professional Institute, 1965-68; Shenandoah College, 1972; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1969, 1970; Virginia Wesleyan College, 1976, 1977; and Washington and Lee University, 1965-80. They had 127 games with 37 schools in states other than Virginia, and in the District of Columbia, in the years indicated as follows: Allegheny College (Pa.), 1979; American University (D. C.), 1967; Armstrong State College (Ga.),1977-80; Ashland College (Ohio), 1965- 67; University of Baltimore (Md.), 1965-72; Bethany College (W. Va.), 1971; Bloomsburg State College (Pa.), 1980; Bluefield College (W. Va.), 1980; Brandeis University (Mass.), 1979; Canisius College (N. Y.). 1977; Carson-Newman College (Tenn.), 1979; Castleton State College (Vt.), 1967, 1968; Catholic University (D. C.), 1965, 1970, 1973, 1974; Central Connecticut State University, 1967; Clarion State College (Pa.), 1980; Coastal Carolina Community College (N. C.), 1977; Davis and Elkins College (W. Va.), 1976, 1978, 1979; Duke University (N. C.), 1980; Edinboro State College (Pa.), 1978; Flagler College (Fla.), 1978; Florida Southern College, 1977; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1969, 1970; Gallaudet College (D. C.), 1969-72; Georgetown University (D. C.), 1966; Hartwick College (N. Y.), 1980; Hofstra University (N. Y.), 1980; Houghton College (N. Y.), 1976; Loyola College (Md.), 1973, 1974; Marietta College (Ohio), 1965; Messiah College (Pa.), 1974 78; Saint Leo College (Fla.), 1977; Shepherd College (W. Va.), 1965-80; Southern College of Technology (Ga.), 1979, 1980; Urbana College

182This chapter section is based on reports in the Bee, the Alumnus, The Talon, Partners, and the HDN-R; the Ripples volumes; and the records of Bridgewater Professor Thomas M. Kinder. 612 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

(Ohio), 1972; Washington College (Md.), 1965; Wilkes College (Pa.), 1973, 1974; and Worcester State College (Mass.), 1978. The Bridgewater men were the winners in 163 of the 315 games with the 50 schools. They had nine winning seasons: 1965 (10 wins, 8 losses), 1966 (9 wins 3 losses), 1971 (11 wins, 6 losses), 1972 (12 wins, 7 losses), 1973 (11 wins, 9 losses), 1974 (11 wins, 10 losses), 1975 (11 wins, 7 losses), 1978 (17 wins, 7 losses), and 1980 (14 wins, 10 losses). In 1967, the record was 10 wins and 10 losses; in 1979, it was 12 wins, 12 losses, and a tie. The Bridgewater team finished in second place among the baseball teams of the Mason- Dixon Athletic Conference (Southern Division) colleges in 1966, and in second place again in 1972.183 The Bridgewater nine won the baseball championship among the VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Association) colleges in 1973, by defeating the Madison College and the Randolph- Macon College teams in the tournament.184 The Bridgewater team won the baseball championship among the ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Association) colleges in 1978, by winning over Hampden-Sydney and Randolph- Macon in the tournament, and Bridgewater's James A. Reedy was named ODAC's baseball coach of the year. In the ODAC tournament in 1979, the Bridgewater nine placed second, losing to Randolph-Macon in the final round after defeating Lynchburg in the first round. Rain prevented an ODAC tournament in 1980. In the regular season that year, Bridgewater's ODAC baseball record (7 wins, 5 losses) was the third best, 185 Some Bridgewater players of this period received special recognition. Four were named to the Mason-Dixon Athletic Conference all-star second team in 1965: James H. Benson, first baseman; Carlton H. Cox, catcher; E. Yager Marks, outfielder; and Robert L. Nida, pitcher. In 1966, E. Yager Marks was named again to the all-star team and Guy B. Stull, first baseman, received honorable mention.186 Andrew L. Hence and Marion F. ("Bo") Trumbo, both southpaws, were ranked among the top 12 college pitchers in the nation in 1973.187 The following Bridgewater players were named to all-VCAA first baseball teams in the years indicated: Jeffrey J. Gianakos, third baseman, in 1975; Andrew L. Hence, pitcher, in 1974 and 1975; Richard A. Marsh, centerfielder, in 1975, Chris W. Sizemore, centerfielder, in 1974; and Kenneth W. Utterback, catcher, in 1974, 1975, and 1976.188 Jeffrey J. Gianakos, ranked among the top six hitters of College Division III nationally in 1975, was named to the Collegiate All-American second team in 1975 by the American Association of College Baseball Coaches.189 The following Bridgewater players were named to all-OD AC all-star baseball teams in the years indicated: Silas Harvey, Jr., first baseman, in 1977 and 1979; Jeffrey P. Wholey, third baseman, in 1977; Larry B. French, pitcher, in 1978; Kevin F. Wholey, second baseman, in 1979; Jack M. Hutchinson, Jr., shortstop, James A. Kramer, "designated hitter," and G. Steven Martin, outfielder, in 1980.190

l83Alumnus, Aug., 1966, p. 9; July, 1972, p. 3. 184lbid., May, 1973, p. 15. 185lbid., June, 1978, p. 34;June, 1979, p. 16; June, 1980, p. 18. 186lbid., Aug., 1965, p. 11; Aug., 1966, p. 9. 187lbid., May, 1973, p. 15. 188lbid., May, 1974, p. 20; May, 1975, p. 22; May, 1976, p. 28. 189lbid., May, 1975, p. 22. 190lbid., June, 1977, p. 30;June, 1978, p. 34; June, 1979, p. 16; HDN-R, May 15, 1980, p. 29. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 613

Bridgewater's baseball pitchers of the years 1965-80 are named below: Theodore A. Fleetwood, 1965, 1967 Marion F. ("Bo") Trumbo, 1971-74 J. Michael Jacobs, 1965, 1966 Andrew L. Hence, 1972-74 Robert L. Nida, 1965 Wayne D. Cooper, 1973-76 Dennis L. Sanger, 1966, 1968 John D. McCurdy, Jr., 1974-76 Wayne L. Carpenter, 1967-69 Larry B. French, 1977-80 C. Edward Cook, Jr., 1967, 1968 John M. Riley, 1977-80 Jesse L. Lynch, 1968, 1969 David A. Shepherd, 1977 Raymond C. Wiltbank, 1968-70 W. David Shields, 1977-79 Grover C. Collins, III, 1970 K. Scott Terry, 1977 Steve Gioielli, 1970, 1971 Jeffrey P. Wholey, 1977 Mike E. Nunnally, 1970 David R. Bowers, 1978, 1979 George R. Christian, 1971, 1974 Donald G. Malan, 1979 Jeffrey C. Hunt, 1971, 1972 T. Brian Balser, 1980 Bruce P. Kubernuk, 1971-73 Charles M. McMillan, 1980191 Some of the pitchers had one-hit games to their credit: Andrew L. Hence, against Hampden-Sydney College in 1975, and against Randolph-Macon College in the same year; David R. Bowers, against Shepherd College in 1978; and Larry B. French, against Hampden- Sydney in 1980.192 Some pitched shutouts: Andrew L. Hence, in 1973, 1974, and 1975; Wayne D. Cooper, in 1973; Marion F. Trumbo, in 1973; and Larry B. French, in 1980. Hence had 30 strikeouts to his credit.193 The captains of the Bridgewater baseball teams, 1965-80, are named below: 1965 Carlton H. Cox and E. Yager Marks 1974 George R. Christian and Marion F. Trumbo 1966 E. Yager Marks 1975 Andrew L. Hence 1967 Ray L. Heatwole and Guy B. Stull 1976 Kenneth W. Utterback 1968 C. Edward Cook, Jr. 1977 John D. McCurdy, Jr. 1969 Wayne L. Carpenter and Jesse L. Lynch 1978 Russell E. Laub 1970 Robert H. Thompson, Jr. 1979 Silas Harvey, Jr., and Jeffrey P. Wholey 1971 Steve Gioielli 1980 Arthur J. Andrey, Jr., and Kevin F. Wholey194 1972 Douglas W. Fears 1973 Dwight A. Beard, Bruce P. Kubernuk, and Robert S. Scott

191The files of the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, and the HDN-R. 192Records of BC athletic directors. 193/bid. 194sources: BC publications and questionnaires sent to alumni. 614 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Some other outstanding Bridgewater baseball players, 1965-80, were Tom Anderson, Michael Bocock, Terrance L. Brown, Richard A. Davis, Scott L. Duffey, Mark F. Puckett, Ronald B. Simms, William C. Siple, Michael A. Tyson, and Robert W. Weeks. Daniel S. Geiser continued (since 1946) as Bridgewater's baseball coach through the 1966 season. His immediate successor (1967-71, 1974-78) was James A. Reedy. When Professor Reedy was on leave of absence, Vincent J. Comer was the baseball coach in 1972, and Ray L. Heatwole in 1973. Dr. Reedy's successor as baseball coach, 1979-85, was Thomas M. Kinder.

Track and Field Bridgewater's track and field men were the winners in 90 of the 103 reported dual meets in which they competed during the 16 years, 1965-80 (inclusive). In each of nine of the 16 regular seasons (1965, 1966, 1967, 1968, 1970, 1971, 1976, 1978, and 1980), they were undefeated in dual meets. They lost in only one meet in 1969, 1972, and 1979; in only two in 1973, 1975, and 1977. Furthermore, in eight of the nine triangular meets in which they competed, 1965-80, they placed first. 195 Bridgewater's competitors in the dual and triangular meets, 1965-80, were representatives of 26 colleges and universities. The Virginia colleges were Christopher Newport, Eastern Mennonite, Emory and Henry, Hampden-Sydney, Liberty Baptist, Lynchburg, Madison (James Madison University), Mary Washington, Newport News Apprentice School, Radford, Randolph-Macon, Roanoke, Virginia Military Institute, Virginia State, and Washington and Lee University. The other schools were Davis and Elkins College, Elizabethtown College, Gallaudet College, Georgetown University, Haverford College, High Point College, Indiana University of Pennsylvania, Marietta College, University of Maryland (Baltimore Co.), Shepherd College, and Washington College. In the larger meets, Bridgewater's track and field men performed as follows. In the Virginia Little Eight meets, they placed first in each of the years 1967-73, and second in 1965 (no record for 1966 is available). In the Mason-Dixon Athletic Conference indoor meets, they placed first in 1969, third in 1967, fourth in 1966, 1970, 1973, and 1974, and eighth in 1968. In the Mason-Dixon outdoor meets, they placed second in 1971 and 1974, third in 1968 and 1973, fourth in 1970 and 1972, fifth in 1965 and 1967, and seventh in 1969. In the VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Association) indoor meets, they placed fourth in 1973, fifth in 1974, and sixth in 1976. In the VCAA outdoor meets, they placed third in 1973, fifth in 1974 and 1975. In the ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Conference) indoor meets, they placed first in 1979 and 1980, second in 1978, and third in 1977. In the ODAC outdoor meets, they placed first in 1978, 1979, and 1980, and second in 1977. Some Bridgewater men of this period qualified for participation in the NCAA Division III national track and field meets: in 1974, Charles R. Phillips, in the three-mile run (in which he placed eighth), and Clarence B. Stewart, Jr., in the 100-yard dash; in 1975, Daniel W. Metzler, in the pole vault, and 440-yard relay team (Ed Gibbs, J. Samuel Hartman, Jeffrey R. Horton, and Daniel W. Metzler); in 1977, Michael A. Kidd, in the 1,500-meter run, and Richard L. Davis, in the long jump and triple jump; in 1978, Duane E. Harrison, in the long jump, and Leslie T. West, III, in the intermediate hurdles; in 1979, Duane E. Harrison, in the triple jump;

195This chapter section is based on the files of the Alumnus, Partners, and the HDN-R; the Ripples volumes; Bridgewater Professor Harry G. M. Jopson's reports; and questionnaires sent to alumni. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 615

in 1980, Duane E. Harrison, in the long jump (in which he placed fourth), the triple jump, and the high hurdles (in which he was a finalist). By placing fourth in the long jump in the NCAA Division III national championships in 1980, Duane E. Harrison became Bridgewater's first track and field NCAA All-American. The best performances in track and field events by Bridgewater athletes, during the years 1965-80, are indicated in the paragraphs that follow. Clarence B. Stewart, Jr., ran 100 yards in 9.6 seconds in 1974 (as had Wayne E. Spangler in 1952). Kenneth Economou, in 1970, J. Samuel Hartman, in 1974, and Gregory E. Harper, in 1976, each ran the distance in 9.9 seconds. Michael D. Guinn, in 1968, and M. Terry Westhafer, in 1969, each ran it in 10 seconds (as had six others earlier). Michael D. Guinn ran 220 yards in 21.9 seconds in 1968. M. Terry Westhafer, in 1968, and J. Samuel Hartman, in 1974, each ran the distance in 22.2 seconds. M. Terry Westhafer ran 440 yards in 49.1secondsin1969. Roger G. Stultz ran the distance in 49.5 seconds in 1970; Richard L. Davis, in 49.6 seconds in 1977; Kenneth P. Richards, in 49.9 seconds in 1969; and Leslie T. West, III, in 50.1secondsin1975. Michael D. Guinn, Kenneth P. Richards, Douglas B. Roberts, and M. Terry Westhafer ran the 440-yard relay (4 X 110 yards) in 42.5 seconds in 1968. Kenneth P. Richards, Robert L. Runninger, Charles F. Sellers, and M. Terry Westhafer ran it in 42.6 seconds in 1969. Ed Gibbs, J. Samuel Hartman, Jeffrey R. Horton, and Daniel W. Metzler ran it in 42.7 seconds in 1975. Kenneth Economou, Kenneth P. Richards, Robert L. Runninger, and Clarence B. Stewart, Jr., ran it in 42.9 seconds in 1970. Michael D. Guinn, Richard L. Neff, Warren 0. Weimer, and M. Terry Westhafer ran it in 43 seconds in 1966. Charles W. Fairchilds ran 880 yards in one minute, 55.7 seconds, in 1969. Douglas A. Coleman ran the distance in one minute, 56.2 seconds, in 1972; Richard L. Davis, in one minute, 56.6 seconds, in 1977; Michael A. Kidd, in one minute, 56.7 seconds, in 1977; and R. Philip Hanger, in one minute, 57.5 seconds, in 1973. Charles R. Phillips ran the mile in four minutes, 17.5 seconds, in 1974. Michael A. Kidd ran it in four minutes, 17.9 seconds, in 1976; Douglas A. Coleman, in four minutes, 18.6 seconds, in 1972; Gerald P. Crouse, in four minutes, 22 seconds, in 1979; and Brian D. Kennedy, in four minutes, 27 seconds, in 1968. Charles W. Fairchilds, Kenneth P. Richards, Michael P. Trout, and M. Terry Westhafer ran the one mile relay (4 X 440 yards) in three minutes, 21.7 seconds, in 1968. Kenneth P. Richards, Raymond R. Ritchie, Jr., Roger G. Stultz, and M. Terry Westhafer ran it in three minutes, 22.8 seconds, in 1969. Thomas G. Durrer, Kenneth P. Richards, Raymond R. Ritchie, Jr., and Roger G. Stultz ran it three minutes, 23.2 seconds, in 1971. Billy DeHaven, Thomas G. Durrer, Raymond R. Ritchie, Jr., and Roger G. Stultz ran it in three minutes, 23.4 seconds, in 1970. Michael D. Guinn, Richard L. Neff, Michael P. Trout, and M. Terry Westhafer ran it in three minutes, 23.8 seconds, in 1966. Charles R. Phillips ran two miles in nine minutes, 13.2 seconds, in 1974. Michael A. Kidd ran it in nine minutes, 20 seconds, in 1976; Dwight Denlinger, in nine minutes, 25 seconds, in 1980; Gerald P. Crouse, in nine minutes, 29 seconds, in 1979; and Kenneth M. Lancaster, in nine minutes, 49.7 seconds, in 1967. Charles R. Phillips ran three miles in 14 minutes, 20.7 seconds, in 1974. Gerald P. Crouse ran it in 14 minutes, 45 seconds, in 1979; Dwight Denlinger, in 14 minutes, 52 seconds, in 1978; Curtis G. Rowland, in 14 minutes, 55 seconds, in 1978; and Martin T. Smith, Jr., in 15 minutes, 28 seconds, in 1974. Duane E. Harrison bounded over the 120-yard high hurdles in 14.5 seconds in 1980; Daniel W. Metzler, in 14.9 seconds in 1975; Gerald E. Fawley, Jr., in 15 seconds in 1966; Michael I. 616 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Whedbee, in 1978, and Walter Z. Markey, in 1975, in 15.1 seconds; and Alvin B. Younger, in 15.3 seconds in 1978. Leslie T. West, III, ran the 440-yard intermediate hurdles in 54 seconds in 1978; Jeffrey L. Buller, in 54.7 seconds in 1971; James R. Wampler, in 55.5 seconds in 1969; Walter Z. Markey, in 55.8 seconds in 1975; E. Dustyn Miller, also in 55.8 seconds in 1977; and Robert R. Miller, in 56 seconds in 1976. Cory Bunting high jumped 6 feet, 7.25 inches, in 1980; Keith W. Allamong, 6 feet, 7 inches, in 1978; Curtis M. Arey, 6 feet, 6.5 inches, in 1979; Duane E. Harrison, 6 feet, 4.25 inches, in 1978 (6 feet, 7 inches, in 1981); Richard H. Beech, in 1978, Rus Brunner, in 1975, and Bruce L. Hollingshead, in 1976, each 6 feet, 2 inches; Daniel W. Metzler, in 1972, and R. Kindley Wright, in 1965, each 6 feet, 1 inch. Duane E. Harrison long jumped 24 feet, 3.75 inches, in 1980; Richard L. Davis, 23 feet, 3.5 inches, in 1977; Brent L. Mumbert, 22 feet, 10.5 inches, in 1974; Ronald R. Tilgner, 22 feet, 8.75 inches, in 1967; and Richard C. Thren, 22 feet, 3.5 inches, in 1973. Duane E. Harrison triple jumped 46 feet, 11 inches, in 1979; Richard L. Davis, 46 feet, 7 inches, in 1977; Michael P. Trout, in 1968, and Alvin B. Younger, in 1977, each 45 feet, 1 inch; John P. Erb, 44 feet, 5 inches, in 1966; and Lester Perry, 44 feet, 1 inch, in 1978. Daniel W. Metzler pole vaulted 14 feet, 9 inches, in 1975; Michael K. Arnette, 13 feet, 9 inches, in 1974; H. Neil Hudson, 13 feet, 6.5 inches, in 1972; Peter D. Kent, 13 feet, 6 inches, in 1976; and T. Bruce Jones, 13 feet, 3 inches, in 1973. All of them used a flexible pole. Larry D. Maxey threw the javelin 188 feet, 10 inches, in 1973; "Junior'' Rankin, 168 feet, 1 inch, in 1978; Donald G. Moore, 168 feet in 1968; J. Stewart Von Herbulis, 167 feet, 6 inches, in 1977; and Keith W. Allamong, 163 feet, 7 inches, in 1980. Ralph L. Stevenson, Jr., threw the discus 145 feet, 6 inches, in 1980; George G. McDeannon, III, 137 feet, 4 inches, in 1972; Mitchell H. Powell, 136 feet, 6 inches, in 1980; Samuel E. Baker, Jr., 135 feet in 1979; and Joe C. Freeland, 134 feet in 1980. Joe C. Freeland put the shot 48 feet, 4 inches, in 1980; Samuel E. Baker, Jr., 46 feet, 2 inches, in 1978; Ralph L. Stevenson, Jr., 44 feet, 11 inches, in 1980; Harold H. Hedley, Jr., 43 feet, 6 inches, in 1970; and Joseph P. Dudash, 43 feet, 5 inches, in 1968. Bridgewater's track and field men elected a team captain only in certain years, as follows (so far as can be determined) during the period 1965-80: in 1965, Jess D. Fulk; in 1966, Gerald E. Fawley, Jr., and Stephen F. May; in 1967, Dean A. Carter; in 1969, Michael P. Trout and M. Terry Westhafer; in 1970, Harold H. Hedley, Jr., and Brian D. Kennedy; in 1972, Douglas A. Coleman, Ernest R. Neff, and Charles R. Phillips; in 1973, Douglas A. Coleman and Charles R. Phillips. Professor Harry G. M. Jopson continued (since 1937) to be Bridgewater's track and field coach through the 1981 season. During the 1960's, he was assisted by two faculty colleagues, Robert K. Burns and Paul M. Kline. He instilled in his athletes "a sense of excellence, of fair play, and sportsmanship, together with a keen competitive spirit." Many of his track and field men and cross-country runners went on to earn doctoral degrees, while others became athletic coaches. He was named coach of the year by his fellow track coaches in Virginia in 1978 and 1980, and in 1978, he and Coach Homer Bast, of Roanoke College, jointly received the Walter Carmack Track and Field Award. In 1971, Bridgewater College named its athletic field for him, and in 1981, the Old Dominion Athletic Conference established an annual Harry Jopson Scholarship-Athlete Award. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 617

Men's Tennis Bridgewater men competed in 181 tennis matches with representatives of 24 colleges and universities of four states and the District of Columbia during the years 1965-80. They had matches (in the years indicated) with the following schools, all in Virginia, unless otherwise indicated: Averett College, 1979; Catholic University (D. C.), 1970-75; Christopher Newport College, 1975-80; Concord College (W. Va.), 1977, 1978; Davis and Elkins College (W. Va.), 1967; Eastern Mennonite College, 1967-80; Emory and Henry College, 1977; Gallaudet College (D. C.), 1970-72; George Mason University, 1973, 1974; Hampden-Sydney College, 1966-76; Lynchburg College, 1965-71, 1976-80; Madison College, 1968-75; Mary Washington College, 1979; Newport News Apprentice School, 1980; Radford College, 1976-79; Randolph-Macon College, 1966-80; Roanoke College, 1965-80; Shepherd College (W. Va.), 1971-80; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1980; Virginia Military Institute, 1975-80; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1977; Virginia Wesleyan College, 1971-80; Washington and Lee University, 1966, 1967, 1972-74; Western Maryland College, 1980; and Westminster College (Pa.), 1966. 196 The Bridgewater players were the winners in 40 percent of the 181 matches. They had five winning seasons during the period 1965-80: 1975 (nine wins, four losses), 1976 (eight wins, five losses), 1977 (seven wins, five losses), 1978 (nine wins, four losses), and 1979 (eight wins, five losses). In 1980, the record was seven wins and seven losses. Bridgewater's tennis team in 1974 finished in sixth place in the VCAA (Virginia College Athletic Association) tournament, in which Bridgewater's Thomas D. Wright (in singles play) advanced to the semi-finals, and in which he and E. Rush Barnett (Bridgewater doubles team) also reached the semi-finals. Bridgewater's players finished in fourth place in the ODAC (Old Dominion Athletic Conference) tennis tournament in 1977, in fifth place in 1978, in third place in 1979, and in sixth place in 1980, in which year John W. Fall and Jeffrey A. Jones (Bridgewater doubles team) reached the semi-finals. Available records reveal the names of Bridgewater tennis team captains only for some of the years 1965-80: William K. Stokes, 1965; Thomas C. Scordas, Jr., 1967; Theodore G. Shuey, Jr., and Ronald D. Young, 1969; Thomas E. Murray and William G. Ryan, 1970; Michael H. Harris, 1976; E. Rush Barnett, 1977; Stephen W. Broache and John R. Milleson, 1978; David T. Darden, 1979; and Alan L. Miller, 1980. Other Bridgewater tennis players of this period were the following: Benjamin B. Brown, Edwin H. Higgs, Robert J. Schwenk, Rick Scordas, C. C. Shelnutt, Michael A. Ward, and Gordon R. White, Jr., during the years 1965-68; Larry W. Glick, Leonard A. Hollen, II, Stephen L. Hollinger, Dennis L. Sanger, and Frank P. Thacker, Jr., during the years 1968-72; Robert H. Anderson, Robert R. Clark, Jr., Lawrence W. Miller, Ralph N. Peregoy, Jr., and Robert G. Trout during the years 1971-75; Christopher C. Brumfield, Joe C. Freeland, Kevin M. Harris, Alton L. Ramey, and Steven B. Young during the years 1976-80. Bridgewater tennis players had only a "sponsor," Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., in 1964 and 1965. Charles W. Wampler, Jr., was their coach, 1966-71, and then Carlyle Whitelow, beginning in 1972 (after his having been assistant coach in 1970 and 1971). By 1980, the college had seven all-weather tennis courts, two of them equipped for outdoor basketball.

196nus chapter section is based mainly on the records of Bridgewater Professor Carlyle Whitelow, the files of the Alumnus, and reports in the Ripples volumes. 618 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Golf Records on golf at Bridgewater are incomplete for the years 1965, 1967, and 1970-75, during the period 1965-80. The writer found no reports on at least one-half of the golf matches played during those years in the college's publications, or in its office files, or in the local newspapers. He found, however, reports on the number of matches won and lost during each of the years, except 1971 and 1973. During the years 1965-80 (inclusive), Bridgewater golfers competed with teams of at least 19 colleges and universities of three states and the District of Columbia. They had matches with the following 15 Virginia schools: Averett College, Emory and Henry College, Ferrum College, Hampden-Sydney College, Lynchburg College, Madison College (James Madison University), Old Dominion College, Radford College, Randolph-Macon College, Richmond Professional Institute, Roanoke College, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Military Institute, Virginia Wesleyan College, and Washington and Lee University. They had matches also with Davis and Elkins College '(W. Va.), Georgetown University (D. C.), Shepherd College (W. Va.), and Westminster College (Pa.).197 The available records reveal that the Bridgewater golfers were the winners in only about 20 percent of the approximately 142 matches (not counting six others that ended in a tie) in which they competed during the 16 seasons 1965-80 (inclusive). In 1980, their record was five wins and five losses; in the earlier seasons (1965-79), not as good. In the Virginia College Athletic Association (VCAA) tournament in April, 1976, the Bridgewater golfers placed eighth among the nine competing teams. In the Virginia state golf tournament at Hot Springs, they placed 14th among the 18 competing teams and sixth in the collegiate division in April, 1978; 11th among the 18 competing teams and fourth in the collegiate division in April, 1979; but not as well in the other years. In the Old Dominion Athletic Association (ODAC) tournament, they placed fifth among the seven competing teams in April, 1977, and in April, 1978 (when Bridgewater was the host); sixth among the six competing teams in April, 1979, and sixth among the seven competing teams in April, 1980. Despite their teams' unimpressive records, certain Bridgewater golfers, because of stellar performance, were medalists, some of them more than two times. Among them were the following: during the years 1965-71, James F. Glenn, Paul L. Hatcher, Ronald B. Millner, and Richard D. Ruddle; during the years 1975-80, Jeffrey M. Brallier, W. Keith Brower, Gregory P. Curtice, Charles J. DeWitt, Richard Emrey, Jr., Stephen P. Johnson, W. Keith Marshall, Thomas K. Martin, and David C. Wood. Other Bridgewater golfers of this period were the following: during the years 1965-68, Dixon G. Atamian, Michael C. Betts, Vincent B. Gilmer, Robert E. Leiter, Jr., Donald G. Moore, and Bruce M. Skelley; during the years 1967-71, James E. Faidley, Jr., Robert P. Sharps, and Frank P. Thacker, Jr.; during the years 1971-76, Russell M. Bartlett, Preston Frey, Richard T. Kelly, Perry A. Lovelace, Steve K. Lowery, William W. Luke, Douglas K. Ways, and Chick Whitley; during the years 1976-80, David W. Anderson, Darrell L. Brown, Douglas L. Brown, Steve Coe, Terry L. Grooters, James H. Kostelni, Michael S. Owens, Mark W. Shane, and James B. Townsend. Ronald B. Millner and Richard D. Ruddle represented Bridgewater in the NCAA college division golf tournament in Albuquerque, New Mexico, in July, 1969.

l97This chapter section is based on the files of the Bee, The Talon, the Alumnus, Partners, the Ripples volumes, and the HDN-R; and especially the records of Bridgewater Professor Lamar B. Neal. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 619

David C. Wood was named to the All-ODAC golf team in 1978. The available records reveal the names of Bridgewater golf team captains for a few of the years: Vincent B. Gilmer and Bruce M. Skelley, 1967; Ronald B. Millner and Robert P. Sharps, 1970; and David C. Wood, 1975. Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., continued (since 1960) to be Bridgewater's golf coach through the 1967 season. His successors were Samuel C. Gross, 1968, 1969; Billy 0. Burkholder, 1970-72; Richard A. Jainchell, 1973, 1974; Robert S. Bowers, 1975; and Lamar B. Neal, beginning in 1976. Messrs. Gross, Gunsten, Jainchell, and Neal were Bridgewater faculty members. The Bridgewater golfers usually used the Ingleside Country Club links, near Staunton, Virginia, for their home matches with visiting teams. They hosted there, in May, 1965, the Mason-Dixon Conference golf tournament, in which teams of 12 schools and at least 60 golfers participated.

Women's Field Hockey Bridgewater women competed in 228 games of field hockey with representatives of 26 colleges and universities of seven states during the years 1964-80. They had games (in the years indicated) with the following schools, all in Virginia, unless otherwise indicated: Appalachian State University (N. C.), 1972; Averett College, 1980; California State University (at Chico), 1979; Converse College (S. C.), 1979, 1980; Davis and Elkins College (W. Va.), 1972- 77; Eastern Mennonite College, 1971-80; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1973-80; Hollins College, 1968, 1978-80; University of Kentucky, 1975; Longwood College, 1970-79; Lynchburg College, 1964-80; Madison College (James Madison University), 1964-80; Mary Baldwin College, 1964, 1965; Mary Washington College, 1968-80; Old Dominion University, 1976-79; Randolph-Macon College, 1980; Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1967-74, 1980; Richmond Professional Institute, 1966, 1967; Roanoke College, 1964-80; Sweet Briar College, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1973, 1974, 1980; Towson State College (Md.), 1969-79; Transylvania College (Ky.), 1979, 1980; University of Virginia, 1973-79; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1968-80; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1974-80; and the College of William and Mary, 1968-79.198 Twenty-six of the 228 games ended in a tie. In 58.4 percent of the other 202 games, the Bridgewater women were the winners. They were more often the winners than the losers during 12 of the 17 seasons, 1964-80 (inclusive). Not counting games that ended in a tie, the team won six of eight games in 1964 and 1967, all eight games in 1965, five of six games in 1966, six of nine in 1968, 10of14 in 1974, 11 of 16 in 1975, 13 of 21in1979, and 14of18 in 1980. The teams' records were the best during those seasons. Bridgewater players participated annually in the Blue Ridge Field Hockey Association tournament, and some of them were chosen to all-star tournament teams. Some were selected to all-state teams, some to play in the Southeastern Region (Region II, Division III, of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women [AIAW]) hockey tournaments, and two in the national tournament. After playing in the regional tournament, Bridgewater's Yvonne E. Kauffman and Barbara J. Purkey were chosen to play in the national hockey tournament (in Philadelphia) in November, 1964, and in the national tournament (in Northampton, Mass.) in November, 1965. Barbara J. Purkey also played in the national tournament (in St. Louis) in November, 1966. 199

198Tltls chapter section is based on the records of Bridgewater Professor Laura 5. Mapp and reports in the Alumnus and in the Ripples volumes. l99Alumnus, Dec., 1964, p. 13; Dec., 1965, p. 19; Dec., 1966, p. 12. 620 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The Bridgewater team participated in the regional hockey tournament in 1975, but lost its games there with the College of William and Mary and the University of Kentucky.200 After placing second in the Virginia state tournament in 1979, the Bridgewater team won the regional championship by defeating successively the Transylvania, the Converse, and the Hollins college teams; then advanced to the national tournament (at Princeton, N. J.), losing there (in double overtime) to California State University (at Chico), 1-0, and to Lynchburg College, 2-1.201 In 1980, the Bridgewater hockey team captured the Virginia state championship of the AIAW, by defeating successively the Roanoke, the Hollins, and the Lynchburg college teams, and missed a bid to the national hockey tournament by losing, 1-0 (in overtime) in the regional tournament to Mary Washington College.202 Available records reveal the names of hockey team captains for only some of the years of the period here under review: Carol L. Bucher (co-captain), 1968; Jill Clark and Daryl A. Montgomery, 1970; Patricia A. Beahm and Kathy A. DeCesari, 1972; Molly A. Durbin and Patricia A. Riffle, 1973; Sandra L. Pott and Patricia A. Riffle, 1974; Deborah A. West (co- captain), 1975; Bonita L. Hatfield and Eileen Waterhouse, 1976; Susan C. Derrow and Donna E. Nichols, 1977; Debra A. Carlough and Alice Ryan, 1978; Carolyn L. Phillips and Lee-Lani Wright, 1979; Ann Haines and Alice Hopkins, 1980. Other Bridgewater hockey players during this period were the following, most of whom were named to all-tournament teams: Nancy F. Boller, Gladys Gibble, Diane E. Helbert, Beverly A. Marcum, Rebecca J. Monk, Pat Nunnally, Alice Phillips, Mary Anna Sanders, S. Eileen Short, Janet Simpson, and Virginia V. Snuggs during the years 1965-68; Stephanie A. Beigbeder, Evelyn Davis, Nancy Harker, Bonny L. MacGuigan, Mari Lou Moore, Martha A. Penar, and Carol S. Walbridge during the years 1971-75; Elizabeth A. Byers, Teresa L. Cox, Teresa L. Eichelberger, Connie J. Forsyth, Margaret M. Kidd, Constance McCullough, Nancy Jo Mellinger, Kathleen Moss, and Elizabeth Myers during the years 1975-80. Throughout this period (1964-80), Bridgewater's coach of field hockey was Professor Laura S. Mapp, who, in 1964, was chosen president of the Blue Ridge Field Hockey Association and vice chairman of the Southeastern Region (of the AIA W) Hockey Association. 203

Women's Volleyball Volleyball has been a regular intercollegiate sport for Bridgewater women since the fall of 1976, after operating on a "club basis" during the fall of 1975, when the team's standouts were Jean M. Buchmoyer and Pamela A. Reklis.204 During the years 1976-80, Bridgewater women competed in 115 volleyball matches with teams of 29 colleges and universities of seven states and the District of Columbia. They had matches with 20 schools in Virginia in the years indicated as follows: Christopher Newport College, 1977-80; Eastern Mennonite College, 1976-80; Emory and Henry College, 1977-80; Ferrum College, 1976-80; George Mason University, 1976-78; Hampton Institute, 1978-80; Hollins College, 1976-80; Liberty Baptist College, 1976-80; Longwood College, 1976-80; Lynchburg College, 1976-80; James Madison University, 1976-80; Mary Washington College, 1976-80; Radford College, 1976-80; Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1977-80; Roanoke

200Ibid., winter, 1975, p. 7. 201Ibid., Dec., 1979, p. 6; Ripples (1980), pp. 78, 85. 202Alumnus, Dec., 1980, p. 18; Ripples (1981), p. 76. 203Alumnus, Dec., 1964, p. 13. 204FacM, Oct. 28, 1975; Alumnus, fall, 1975, p. 6; winter, 1975, p. 7; Sept., 1976, p. 6. BRIDGEWATER WOMEN'S VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS, FALL, 1977

Left to right. FIRST ROW: Debbie L. DeHooge, Shirley A. Beiler, Jean M. Buchmoyer, Karen Sanger, and Anne Brown. SECOND ROW: Sharon E. Womble, Tamra A. Claytor, Kathleen Bellezza, Debra L. Taylor, and Jackie A. Almarode. THIRD ROW: Nancy Taylor, Betty J. Hamilton, Jean Willi, Janet E. Stivers, and Coach Mary Frances Heishman. 622 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

College, 1976-80; Shenandoah College, 1976-80; Southern Seminary, 1980; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1976; Virginia State University, 1980; and the College of William and Mary, 1976-80. They had matches also with nine schools in six other states and the District of Columbia in the years indicated as follows: American University (D. C.), 1978; Catholic University (D. C.), 1977; Coker College (S. C.), 1980; Columbia College (S. C.), 1980; Maryville College (Tenn.), 1980; Messiah College (Pa.), 1979; North Carolina Wesleyan College, 1980; Shepherd College (W. Va.), 1979; and the U.S. Air Force Academy (Colo.), 1978.205 The Bridgewater players were the winners in 61 of the 115 volleyball matches. They had seven wins and 10 losses in 1976, eleven wins and 10 losses in 1977, seven wins and 16 losses in 1978, seventeen wins and seven losses in 1979, and 19 wins and 11lossesin1980. In 1979, the Bridgewater team placed second in the Virginia state volleyball tournament of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) and fifth in the AIAW's Region II (Va., Ky., Tenn., N. C., and S. C.), Division III, tournament. In 1980, the Bridgewater team placed second, again, in the state tournament and fourth in the regional tournament of the AIAW, and Bridgewater's Lisa C. McDaniels was named to both the state all-tournament team and the regional. Available records reveal the names of the captains of the Bridgewater volleyball teams in certain years only: Virginia A. Martin, 1975; Jean M. Buchmoyer, 1976, 1977; Karen Sanger, 1978. During this period, Bridgewater's coach of women's volleyball was Professor Mary Frances Heishman.

Women's Basketball Bridgewater women played 310 games of basketball with teams of 51 colleges and universities of eight states and the District of Columbia during the years 1964-80.206 They competed with 28 schools in Virginia in the years indicated as follows: Averett College, 1977-80; Christopher Newport College, 1970-80; Clinch Valley College, 1977-80; Eastern Mennonite College, 1966-80; Emory and Henry College, 1973-80; Ferrum College, 1980; George Mason University, 1975-80; Hampton Institute, 1978, 1979; Hollins College, 1965- 80; Liberty Baptist College, 1976-80; Longwood College, 1968-80; Lynchburg College, 1965-80; Madison College (James Madison University), 1965-79; Mary Baldwin College, 1971-80; Mary Washington College, 1977-80; Norfolk State College, 1972; Old Dominion University, 1967-76; Radford College, 1973-80; Randolph-Macon College, 1978-80; Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1970-79; Roanoke College, 1965-80; University of Virginia, 1975-79; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1969-76; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1974- 79; Virginia State College, 1976-79; Virginia Wesleyan College, 1979, 1980; Westhampton College, 1965-80; and the College of William and Mary, 1965-79. They had games also with 23 colleges of seven states other than Virginia and of the District of Columbia in the years indicated as follows: Clemson University (S. C.), 1976; Davis and Elkins College (W. Va.), 1979; Eastern Kentucky University, 1972; Elizabethtown College (Pa.), 1965-79; Federal City College (D. C.), 1974; Francis Marion College (S. C.), 1978; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1965-75; Gallaudet College (D. C.), 1980; Georgetown University (D. C.), 1966; High Point College (N. C.), 1977, 1978; Juniata College (Pa.), 1980; Kentucky State University, 1976; Lee College (Tenn.), 1980; Lock Haven State College (Pa.), 1977; University of

205This chapter section is based mainly on the records of Bridgewater Professor Mary Frances Heishman. 206This chapter section is based upon records of Bridgewater Professor Laura S. Mapp, reports in the Alumnus and the Ripples volumes, and other sources. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 623

Maryland, 1967-76; North Carolina Wesleyan College, 1980; University of Northern Kentucky, 1976; University of Pittsburgh (at Johnstown, Pa.); 1980; Salisbury State College (Md.), 1965-68; University of Tennessee (at Chattanooga), 1977; University of Tennessee (at Martin), 1972; Ursinus College (Pa.), 1965, and Western Maryland College, 1970-75. The Bridgewater women were the winners in 215 of their 310 basketball games during these years. In every season, 1964-80, they won more games than they lost. They won all but two of their games in 1964-65 and in 1966-67; all but three in 1965-66 and in 1969-70; all but four in 1967-68 and in 1971-72; all but five in 1970-71. The teams' records were the best during those seasons. They expanded their regular playing schedule from 13 games in 1964-65 to 22 games by 1979-80. In the spring of 1971, they began playing post-season games in the state tournament of the Virginia Federation of Intercollegiate Sports for Women (VFISW). In that tournament, they were the winners in 1976, 1977, and 1980; ranked second in 1971 and 1972; fourth in 1974 and 1978; fifth in 1979; and sixth in 1975. Bridgewater women played also in the Region II (Va., Ky., Tenn., N. C., and S. C.) tournaments in Division III of the Association of Intercollegiate Athletics for Women (AIAW) in 1972, 1976, 1977, 1978 (when Bridgewater was the host school), and 1980. In the tournament in 1972, they reached the semi-finals, losing there to the University of Tennessee (at Martin). In the spring of 1980, the Bridgewater team received a bid to participate in the national tournament of the AIAW, in which they lost (70-79), in the opening round, to the University of Pittsburgh (at Johnstown). Available records reveal the names of the captains of the Bridgewater women's basketball teams for some of the years 1964-80: Nancy F. Boller and Mary Anna Sanders, 1968-69; Susan Martindale (co-captain), 1969-70; Marcia Carter and Virginia V. Snuggs, 1970-71; Patricia A. Riffle and Sharon A. Will, 1972-73, 1973-74, and 1974-75; Susan J. Billhimer and Doris W. Scott, 1975-76; Susan C. Derrow and Doris W. Scott, 1977-78; Catherine G. Stivers and Janet E. Stivers, 1978-79; Anne Brown, Karen Sanger, Gail L. Southard, and Jean Willi, 1979-80. Other Bridgewater basketball players during this period were the following: Precious F. Brady, Mary Frances Heishman, Yvonne E. Kauffman, Patricia Kloes, and Delores A. Morris during the years 1964-66; Diane E. Helbert, Beverly A. Marcum, Pat Nunnally, Alice Phillips, and Barbara J. Purkey during the years 1966-68; Jo A. Cahall, Nancy E. Caricofe, and Martha A. Penar during the years 1968-72; Kathy A. DeCesari, Bonny L. MacGuigan, and Deborah A. West during the years 1972-75; and Mari Lou Moore during the years 1973-76. Misses Brown, Cahall, Moore, Penar, Riffle, Scott, Snuggs, the Stivers sisters, and Will were named to all-tournament teams during the 1970's. Sharon A. Will scored 1,008 points during her four years on the team, a record next after that (nearly 1,200) of Jean A. Braunlich in the early 1960's. The 1969-70 season witnessed a significant change in the women's basketball playing rules: the change from a six-member to a five-member team of players who could, henceforth, move over the entire floor of the court.207 Throughout this period, Bridgewater's coach of women's basketball was Professor Laura S. Mapp. Beginning in 1970, her assistant was a faculty colleague, Mary Frances Heishman. At the Kellogg Women's Coach of the Year Clinic in Atlanta, Georgia, in October, 1977, Professor Mapp (head of the AJAW tournaments committee) was named the Small College

207rhe Talon, Oct. 31, 1969, p. 4. 624 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Basketball Coach of the Year, in recognition of her outstanding record as coach since 1961 (162 wins, 69 losses) and her service to the Bridgewater College community.208

Women's Lacrosse Lacrosse has been a regular intercollegiate sport for Bridgewater women since the spring of 1968, after operating on a "club basis" for a year.209 During the years 1968-80, Bridgewater women competed in lacrosse with teams of 19 colleges and universities of seven states. They had games with 12 schools in Virginia in the years indicated as follows: Hollins College, 1969-80; Longwood College, 1968-80; Lynchburg College, 1968-80; Madison College (James Madison University), 1969-79; Mary Washington College, 1968-80; Old Dominion University, 1979, 1980; Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1971, 1980; Roanoke College, 1970-80; Sweet Briar College, 1968-71, 1978-80; University of Virginia, 1975-80; Westhampton College, 1968, 1969, 1978; and the College of William and Mary, 1968-80. They had games also with seven schools in six other states in the years indicated as follows: University of Delaware, 1979; Denison University (Ohio), 1979; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1969-80; Lafayette College (Pa.), 1980; Loyola College (Md.), 1980; University of Rhode Island, 1975; and Trenton State College (N. J.), 1980.210 Four of the 155 games of lacrosse in which the Bridgewater women competed during the years 1968-80 ended in a tie. In 94 of the other 151 games they were the winners. They had nine winning seasons out of the 13 during the years 1968-80 (inclusive); as many wins as losses in three other seasons; and only one losing season (1977). Certain Bridgewater players were chosen to compete in national lacrosse tournaments: Mary Anna Sanders, Virginia V. Snuggs, Rebecca Speck, and Joyce Webb, in 1969; Stephanie A. Beigbeder, Nancy Harker, Sandra L. Pott, and Carol S. Walbridge, in 1974; Susan J. Billhimer, Nancy Harker, Mari Lou Moore, Donna E. Nichols, and Sandra L. Pott, in 1975; Charlotte M. Beahm, Susan J. Billhimer, and Donna E. Nichols, in 1976; Donna E. Nichols, in 1977 and 1978. In 1977, Donna E. Nichols was chosen as an alternate on the all-college lacrosse team to go to England.211 In 1979, the Bridgewater women's lacrosse team qualified for competition in the national tournament (Collegiate Division II), in which it lost in games with the University of Delaware and Denison University.212 The Bridgewater team qualified for competition in the national lacrosse tournament (Collegiate Division II) again in 1980, and in that tournament placed fourth among the 16 teams competing.213 At least 20 Bridgewater women, during the years 1968-80, were chosen to Southern District lacrosse teams. Among them were those (already named) who competed in the national tournaments. Others were the following: Patricia A. Beahm, Mary A. Beane, Debra Britcher, Judith V. Clark, and Rebecca A. Steinbach during the years 1971-73; Debra A. Carlough, Kathleen Moss, Carolyn L. Phillips, and Karen Sanger during the years 1978 and 1979.

208Alumnus, Dec., 1977, p. 6. 209FacM, JWle 1, 1967; Alumnus, April, 1968, p. 13; The Talon, May 3, 1968, p. 5. 2l°'fhis chapter section is based upon records of Bridgewater Professor Mary Frances Heishman, reports in the Alumnus and the Ripples volumes, and other sources. 211Partners, JWle, 1969, p. 3; Alumnus, May, 1975, p. 22; JWle, 1977, p. 31; JWle, 1978, p. 36;HDN-R, May 19, 1975; Health and Physical Education Department records. 212The Talon, May 23, 1979, p. 3. 213Alumnus, JWle, 1980, p. 18; Health and Physical Education Department records. BRIDGEWATER WOMEN'S LACROSSE PLAYERS, SPRING, 1968

LEFf TO RIGHT. Seated: Anne M. Donley, Diane E. Helbert, Rosemary Nelson, Elizabeth S. Sampson, Gwendolyn D. Powell, L. Jean Buckner. Standing: Patricia Lawther, Karen L. Wright, Sandra E. Bent, Nancy Caricofe, Mary Anna Sanders, Rebecca J. Monk, Joyce Webb, Mrs. Virginia M. Gross (coach). 626 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Certain Bridgewater women were named to Virginia state lacrosse teams. Among them were those chosen to Southern District teams and those who competed in the national tournaments. Others were the following: Brenda Bain, Berta I. Benalcazar, Nancy Freas, Diane E. Helwig, and Sharon A Will during the years 1971-75; Sandy M. Bahr, Evelyn Davis, Pamela A Reklis, and Deborah A West in 1976 and 1977; Anne Brown, M. Catherine Forthuber, Jean Willi, and Lee-Lani Wright in 1979 and 1980. The Bridgewater women's team placed second in the Virginia state lacrosse tournament in 1979, and third in 1980. The team had a scrimmage with a British universities touring team and with a Harvard University team in 1976, with a Yale University team in 1979, and with a Dartmouth College team in 1978, 1979, and 1980. The Bridgewater women's junior varsity lacrosse team made a record of 32 wins, 27 losses, and five ties during the years 1968-80. The Bridgewater women who played lacrosse, 1968-80, had various coaches: Mrs. Virginia M. Gross, assisted by Barbara J. Purkey, 1968, 1969; Barbara J. Purkey, 1970; and Mary Frances Heishman, 1971-87. Miss Heishman's assistant, in 1979, was Susan J. Billhimer. A Bridgewater lacrosse player went on to gain national, even international, recognition in that sport. Susan J. Billhimer (B. A, 1977) was placed on the U.S. women's lacrosse team in 1980, and in 1982 was goalkeeper on that team when it captured the World Cup Championship in England, by a victory over the Australian team in the finals.214

Women's Tennis During the years 1965-80, Bridgewater women competed in 157 tennis matches with teams of 25 colleges and universities (all of them in Virginia, except two in Maryland) in the years indicated as follows: Averett College, 1979, 1980; Christopher Newport College, 1977-80; Clinch Valley College, 1980; Eastern Mennonite College, 1975, 1978; Emory and Henry College, 1977, 1979; Frostburg State College (Md.), 1971-76; Hollins College, 1979, 1980; Longwood College, 1968-79; Lynchburg College, 1965-80; Madison College, 1965-76; Mary Baldwin College, 1966-80; Mary Washington College, 1968-80; Mount St. Mary's College (Md.), 1975, 1976; Old Dominion University, 1969-78; Radford College, 1976, 1977; Randolph- Macon College, 1978-80; Randolph-Macon Woman's College, 1966-79; Richmond Professional Institute, 1965-67; Roanoke College, 1965-79; Southern Seminary, 1976-80; Sweet Briar College, 1969-80; Virginia Commonwealth University, 1968-78; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1975-77; Westhampton College, 1969-79; and the College of William and Mary, 1971 -73.215 Two of the 157 matches ended in a tie. In 79 of the other 155, the Bridgewater women were the winners. They had nine winning seasons among the 16 during the years 1965-80 (inclusive). They won eight of the nine matches in 1967, six of the seven in 1974, and six of the eight in 1969. The teams' records were the best during those seasons. In 1978, the record was five wins and five losses. The Bridgewater team finished in seventh place (among 20 teams) in the Virginia Federation of Intercollegiate Sports for Women tennis tournament in 1978, in eighth place (among 16 teams) in the State Division III tournament in 1980, and in second place (among seven teams) in the Clinch Valley College invitational tournament in 1978.

214Alumnus, Dec., 1980, p. 23; HDN-R, Sept. 30, 1982, p. 21. 215This chapter section is based on the records of Bridgewater Professor Laura S. Mapp and reports in the Ripples volumes. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 627

Nancy F. Boller, Carol L. Bucher, Karen S. Muntain, and Janet Simpson played in the mid- Atlantic collegiate championships tournament in the spring of 1969.216 Molly A. Durbin, in 1971, and Eileen Waterhouse, in 1975, advanced to the semi-finals in the Virginia state tennis tournament.217 Other Bridgewater tennis players of this period were the following: C. Lynn Clark, Mary Frances Heishman, Diane E. Helbert, Yvonne E. Kauffman, Beverly A. Marcum, Delores Morris, and Barbara J. Purkey during the years 1964-67; Susan M. Higgs, Ann K Miller, and Susan Monger during the years 1966-70; Deborah J. Fogle, Bonny L. MacGuigan, and Marjorie A. Sampson during the years 1971-74; Jean M. Buchmoyer,Susan C. Derrow, Alice Hopkins, Lisa C. McDaniels, Alice Ryan, and Catherine J. Stivers during the years 1974-80. Throughout this period (1965-80), Bridgewater's coach of women's tennis was Professor Laura S. Mapp.

Recreation and Entertainment During these years, Bridgewater students found recreation, away from the college, in swimming in Todd Lake (in Augusta County) and in Blue Hole in Dry River, near Rawley Springs (in Rockingham County); in picnicking at the Staunton Dam (in Augusta County); in outings at Hone Quarry Mountain (in Rockingham County) and at Reddish Knob (in Augusta County); in skiing at Massanutten Village (in Rockingham County); and in other activities.218 The "Flagpole Party" in May, each year, during the 1970's (and later), in a meadow at Flagpole Mountain, near Reddish Knob, was "the last big blowout" before final examinations, with as many as 500 students attending, and lasting, usually, the entire week-end.21 9 At the college, intramural sports provided ample opportunity for recreation for many students. Horseback riding, skating on the college pond in wintertime, and square dancing were other activities. Rafting on North River, when it was swollen by rains, was a risky but exciting sport that resulted in the drowning of two students in April, 1973.220 Another pastime for some Bridgewater students was radio broadcasting over WGMB, the college's station, moved (in 1969) from Memorial Hall to the second floor of renovated Rebecca Hall. In the 1960's, some Bridgewater students formed popular music ensembles in the style of the English Beatles: "The Mods," a quintet, in the fall of 1965; "The Six Pacques" in the fall of 1966; "The Clear Blue Sky," a foursome, in November, 1967. "The Seventh Seal" (in 1966) was another student group of entertainers.221 The Student Senate, with student body approval, brought to the campus some well-known popular music groups, among them the following: "The Platters" in April, 1965; "The Kingsmen" in November, 1965; Mitch Ryder and "The Detroit Wheels" in December, 1966. 222 In May, 1972, Pat and Shirley Boone and their four daughters entertained in a musical program at the college.223

216Partners, June, 1969, p. 3. 217The Talon, May 14, 1971, p. 6; Alumnus, May, 1975, p. 23. 218From files of The Talon. 219HDN-R, May 1, 1986, p. 23. 22°FacM, May 1, 1973. 221Bee, Jan. 14, 1966, p. 1; Dec. 15, 1966, p. 4; Nov. 17, 1967, p. 1. 222The files of the Bee. 223HDN-R, May 12, 1972, p. 13. 628 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The college's lyceum series (each year since 1906) also offered entertainment and cultural enrichment, not only to the students, but also to the whole college community and to the public generally. Among lyceum numbers of the years 1964-80 were the following: performances by the Alpha-Omega Players and by the National Opera Company in various years; Philip Hanson, Shakespearean actor, in April, 1966; a Brazilian concert choir in March, 1969; an African Heritage Dance and Music Ensemble in September, 1970; Kenyon Martin, pantomimist, in February, 1971; the Orchestra Michelangelo di Firenze (from Italy) in December, 1971; the London University Chorale in April, 1972; David L. Bailey, Jr., impersonator of Mark Twain, in October, 1976; and the New Orleans Ragtime Orchestra, in January, 1978.224 An annual intercollegiate quiz program was a source of interest and entertainment during the years 1967-71. Student teams (each of three members) of Bridgewater, Eastern Mennonite, and Madison colleges competed with one another. The Madison team was the winner in 1967 and 1968, the Bridgewater team in 1969 and 1970, and the Eastern Mennonite team in 1971.225

Course Offerings for the Baccalaureate Degrees Bridgewater catalogues show that, during the years 1964-80, the number of units of credit (semester hours) of courses offered for the baccalaureate degrees was increased from 913 to 1,207.226 The greatest increases (in units of credit) during those years occurred in the following fields: art (from 33 to 57), biology (from 53 to 77), education (from 30 to 82), health and physical education (from 38 to 90), and home economics (from 47 to 80). New fields in which courses were offered during the years 1964-80 were computer science, geography, and linguistics. Bridgewater's course offerings (in units of credit) for the B. A. and B. S. degrees, as of the 1979-80 session,227 appear below: Art: 19 courses. 57 units of credit. Biology: 22 courses. 77 units. Business: 17 courses. 51 units. Chemistry: 19 courses. 66 units. Computer science: 8 courses. 17 units. Economics: 14 courses. 38 units. Education: 21 courses. 82 units. English: 20 courses. 60 units. French: 15 courses. 45 units. Geography: 2 courses. 6 units. Geology: 1 course. 3 units. German: 9 courses. 27 units. Health and physical education: 54 courses. 90 units. History: 22 courses. 66 units. Home economics: 24 courses. 77 to 80 units. Linguistics: 2 courses. 6 units.

224From lyceum programs in the AMML. 225From the files of the Bee, the Alumnus, and the HDN-R 226Cf. C, Oct., 1978, pp. 54-103, with C, Oct., 1963, pp. 50-93. 227c, Oct., 1978, pp. 54-103. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 629

Mathematics: 22 courses. 65 units. Music: 39 courses. 88 units. Philosophy: 8 courses. 24 units. Physics: 14 courses. 43 units. Political science: 9 courses. 27 units. Psychology: 14 courses. 42 units. Religion: 12 courses. 36 units. Sociology: 15 courses. 45 units. Spanish: 14 courses. 42 units. Speech and drama: 8 courses. 24 units.

Curricular Changes and Innovations

During the years 1964-80, Bridgewater's requirements for the admission of first-year students, the catalogues reveal, remained essentially unchanged. The college, however, strongly recommended that the applicant take the College Entrance Examination Board's achievement tests in English composition and in intermediate or advanced mathematics. 228 Graduation requirements for Bridgewater's B. A. and B. S. degrees, however, underwent considerable change during the years 1964-80. At least 123 units of credit, at least 48 of them in junior and senior level courses, had to be earned, with a grade average of C. At least 30 units, and at least 27 of the last 30 units of academic credit, had to be earned in residence at Bridgewater; also at least nine units of the concentration had to be completed at the college.229 The "most dramatic" curricular change, during the period here under review, was the "modification and regrouping" of general education requirements for the baccalaureate degrees, and the provision for "greater selectivity on the part of the individual student in planning his program of studies."230 The faculty adopted (in Oct., 1970) the new general education requirements, to become effective in the session, 1971-72.231 The new requirements called for six courses on the "Development of Western Culture," at least one course to be chosen from each of four specified fields of knowledge (English; history; Biblical studies, Old Testament, or New Testament; philosophy, or another course in religion), and at least two courses to fall within the ancient and medieval period, one within the Renaissance and early modern period, and one within the contemporary period. Two other courses were to be selected from a list on ''World Cultures," one from a list on biological science, one from a list on physical science, a course in mathematics, two activities in physical education, and a specified course in each of three of the following disciplines: economics, political science, psychology, and sociology. Demonstrated proficiency in English composition was another requirement. B. A. degree candidates had to show proficiency in a foreign language on the intermediate level. B. S. degree candidates could substitute courses in science and mathematics for foreign language. Otherwise, candidates for the B. A. and B. S. degrees had the same general education requirements. 232

228c, Oct., 1979, p. 37. 229Jbid., p. 109. 230TrM, Nov. 3, 1973. 231 FacM, Oct. 22, 1970. 232c, Oct., 1979, PP· 109-12. 630 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

To have a field of concentration (departmental major), a student had to earn at least 30, but not more than 48 units of credit, including all prerequisite and supporting courses specified by the department. He or she had to earn at least 18 units of credit in a single department and enough in related courses to make a total of at least 30 units; had to make at least a C average grade on course work and perform satisfactorily on a written comprehensive examination on the major field. Students majoring in French, German, or Spanish were required to spend a year in study abroad.233 Graduation with honors entailed some additional requirements: for summa cum laude, not only a 3.8 quality point average, but also the completion of an honors project with a grade of B or better, and a standing in the top quarter on the written and oral comprehensive examinations; for magna cum laude, not only a 3.5 quality point average, but also the completion of an honors project with a grade of B or better, and a standing in the upper half on the written and oral comprehensive examinations; for cum laude, not only a 3.2 quality point average, but also satisfactory performance on an oral comprehensive examination.234 During the years 1964-80, teri more major fields of study were added to the 16 already available: history and political science in 1968; art in 1970; physical science in 1972; elementary education in 1973; international studies (an interdepartmental major) in 1975; health education in 1977; and medical technology in 1980. Other major fields added during these years were general science, German, and physics and mathematics.235 Departments already offering majors, the college's catalogues show, were the following: biology, business administration, chemistry, economics, English, French, health and physical education, history, home economics, mathematics, music, philosophy and religion, physics, psychology, sociology, and Spanish. In October, 1973, the faculty voted to allow a student to have a double major, beginning in the 1975-76 session.236 In 1980, Bridgewater's liberal arts majors comprised fully 55 percent of all its student majors, as compared with the 36 percent average in the nation's colleges at that time.237 In August, 1972, the Virginia State Department of Education (under new requirements) approved Bridgewater's teacher preparation programs for elementary and secondary public school teachers for various grades and subjects. Bridgewater students completing the programs (which included "block student teaching'') would be certified to teach in any of the 22 cooperating states in the nation having reciprocity agreements with Virginia on such teacher certification. In the spring of 1977, the Virginia State Department of Education reapproved the Bridgewater programs for another five-year period.238 During the 1970's, the percentage of Bri¢igewater students seeking to become teachers declined from 43.3 to 20.4, while the percentage seeking to enter the business field increased from 11.1to27.6.239 Independent study or research projects were an innovation in the early 1970's. Students having a cumulative quality point average of 2.2 or better could undertake such work, with

233Ibid., pp. 72, 112-13; FacM, April 15, 1980. 234FacM, March 28, 1969; March 20, 1979; C, Oct., 1979, p. 32. 235FacM, April 2, 1968; March 10, 1970; Oct. 24, 1972; Feb. 27, 1973; April 1, 1975; March 29, 1977; Feb. 19, 1980; TrM, April 4, 1970;Nov.3, 1972;April6, 1973;April5, 1975;April2, 1977;April 11, 1980. 236FacM, Oct. 30, 1973. 237HDN-R, Dec. 11, 1984, p. 13. 238FacM, Sept. 28, 1971; TrM, Nov. 6, 1971; Nov. 3, 1972; Nov. 5, 1977. 239From the academic dean's reports. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 631

the approval of the department concerned, the academic dean, and the Council on Education. As many as 44 students were engaged in such projects in 1976-77.240 Honors courses or projects, first offered in the 1961-62 session, attracted more students during these years than previously: as many as 45 in 1978-79. Such work was open to juniors and seniors having a cumulative quality point average of 3.0 (raised to 3.2 in 1979-80), with the approval of the department concerned, the academic dean, and the Council on Education.241 Under the direction and encouragement of their professors, some students prepared research papers which they presented at professional meetings. Beginning in February, 1970, classes on Saturdays were eliminated by lengthening class periods on other days.242 In April, 1970, the Bridgewater trustees adopted for the college a new September-to-May academic calendar (to become effective in the 1971-72 session) that provided for three 10-week terms and a three-week "interterm" (10, 10, 3, 10 sequence), the student to take three courses in each 10-week term and one in the interterm (3, 3, 1, 3). 243 The interterm (in February and March) made possible interesting and stimulating off- campus study and travel in the U. S. A., or in a foreign country, to art galleries and historic places in Washington, D. C., Philadelphia, and New York City; to Civil War battlefields in Virginia; to the Big Bend National Park in Texas and the Grand Canyon National Park in Arizona; to historic and literary sites in New England, or in England and Scotland; to churches, palaces, and art galleries in Rome and Florence in Italy; to Paris, Chartres, Versailles, and Grenoble in France; to the Soviet Union; to Mexico; to East Africa, to study the peoples and ecology; and other places. Beginning in 1977, a Bridgewater student, awarded a scholarship, used the interterm and the spring vacation period following it in research among the papers of General George C. Marshall at the Marshall Research Foundation in Lexington, Virginia, for the writing of a paper on a subject connected with World War II or the period immediately following it. Those Marshall scholars, among Bridgewater students (until 1980), were Michael A. Carr in 1977; M. Zelene Harman in 1978; Pamela A. Kline in 1979; and Nancy L. Taylor in 1980.244 In the spring of 1977, the faculty voted to adopt a program of internships for junior and senior students having at least a C average grade. The program was intended to give the student an opportunity to gain practical experience in an agency, business, industry, or professional office related to his or her major field of study or career goal. For at least 120 hours of satisfactory service, the student received three units of credit toward graduation. Among agencies offering internships to Bridgewater students and providing them supervision (beginning in the summer of 1977), were law offices, banks, department stores, public schools, hospitals, WVPT-TV, and the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record. Internships led to letters of recommendation and, in some cases, to the offer of a job after the student's graduation. In the fall of 1978, a Director of Internships was added to the college's administrative staff.245

240c, Oct., 1979, p. 54; BC self-study report (1980), p. 61. 241lbid. 242FacM, Oct. 28, 1969; TrM, Oct. 31, 1969. 243TrM, April 4, 1970. 244Alumnus, March, 1977, p. 2; June, 1978, p. 19; March, 1979, p. 2; March, 1980, p. 5. 245TrM, Nov. 5, 1977; April 1, Nov. 3, 1978; April 3, 1981. 632 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The Charles E. Shull Computing Center At the suggestion of President Geisert in April, 1965, the college purchased an electronic computer, an IBM 1130, at a cost of about $60,000 (financed partly by a federal grant), and had the system installed in the basement of Bowman Hall in the summer of 1967.246 The new equipment came to be used extensively, not only by the college's administrative offices, but also by various academic departments. Courses in computer science were introduced into the curriculum, five courses by the fall of 1972. In December, 1978, a Bridgewater team of four students was the co-winner (with a University of Virginia team) in a regional computer programming contest held in Washington, D. C,247 In the summer of 1980, the college replaced the IBM 1130 with a Prime 550 Computer (at a cost of $177,500), capable of servicing 63 terminals, located in various campus buildings.248 The installation was named "The Charles E. Shull Computing Center," in tribute to a long- time Bridgewater professor of mathematics and physics.249 Professor John E. White of the Mathematics Department, assisted by Miles W. Sandin, managed the computing center, 1967-70. In 1970, Theodore W. Flory was made the manager (and was still the manager in 1990) and Professor Dean R. Neher the director of the center.250

Summer Sessions The college's summer session continued to run for eight weeks, beginning in June and ending in August. During that period, a student could earn as many as nine units of academic credit. During the 16-year period, 1965-80 (inclusive), student expenses for the summer session more than tripled, the college's catalogues reveal. In the summer of 1965, the cost of tuition was $20 for a unit of credit; in the summer of 1980, it was $70. In the summer of 1965, the total expense (for tuition, room, board, and other fees) for a full-time resident student was $345; in the summer of 1980, it was $1,111. The student enrollments during the successive summer sessions, 1965-80, the registrars' records reveal, were the following: 110, 141, 111, 133, 123, 120, 107, 87, 111, 85, 112, 109, 100, 96, 127, and 128. From 1948 through 1966 (except 1962), the director of the summer session was the college's academic dean, John W. Boitnott; from 1967 through 1982, the director was Dale V. Ulrich, Dr. Boitnott's successor in the deanship. · Besides regular faculty members (September to May or June), who handled most of the courses in the summer sessions, the following visiting instructors taught the subjects named below in the summers indicated, the catalogues reveal: Vivian L. Costello, B. A., French, 1966; Rebecca Zinn Liskey, M.A., French, 1967; E. Gene Miller, M.A., history, 1970; Ann V. Myers, M.A., French, 1968; John A. Paul, J. D., history, 1966; Linda S. Schultz, M.A., Spanish, 1968; William W. Thomas, Ph.D., religion, 1966, 1970, 1972, 1976, 1978; Ben F. Wade, Ph.D., philosophy and religion, 1969; and Beverly A. Wallich, B. A., mathematics, 1966.

246-rrM, April 2, 1965; Partners, Sept., 1967, p. 8. 247Alumnus, Dec., 1978, p. 4. 248TrExCornM, Jan. 8, 1975; March 7, 1980; TrM, Nov. 3, 1979; April 11, Nov. 8, 1980; and BusO Records. 249TrM, Nov. 4, 1966. 250FacM, Feb. 10, 1070; TrM, April 3, 4, Nov. 7, 1970; Alumnus, April, 1970, p. 4. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 633

The registrars' records show that during the summer sessions, 1965-80, at least 215 students completed requirements for Bridgewater B. A. and B. S. degrees. No summer graduation exercises were held after 1964.

The Faculty During the first 16 years of Wayne F. Geisert's presidency (1964-80), the college's catalogues and other sources reveal, at least 160 persons served (most of them full-time) on the Bridgewater College faculty during the regular academic sessions. About one-third of them were women. Seventy percent of the 160 were appointed during the 16-year period. About 30 percent of the 160 faculty members held a doctoral degree: 37 the Ph. D., six the Ed. D., two the Th. D., and four various other doctoral degrees. Five of the Ph. D.'s had been conferred by the University of North Carolina, three by Duke University, three by the University of Virginia, three by the University of Wisconsin, two by Cornell University, two by the University of Maryland, two by Purdue University, two by the University of Tennessee, and one by each of the following universities: American, Arizona State, Boston, California (at Los Angeles), Catholic, Colorado, Florida State, Hartford Seminary Foundation, Harvard, Kansas, New Hampshire, Ohio, Oklahoma, Syracuse, and Yale. Two of the Ed. D.'s had been conferred by George Peabody College for Teachers, two by the University of Virginia, one by Columbia University, and one by the University of Maryland. Both of the Th. D.'s had been conferred by Boston University. Another faculty member had a doctorate in religious education from Hartford Seminary Foundation, another a doctorate in sacred music from Union Theological Seminary in New York City, and two others a doctorate from the University of Havana. Eighty-three other faculty members held a master's degree, six others a (non-doctoral) theological degree, and five others a law degree. The proportion of full-time faculty members who held a doctoral degree increased from 36.2 percent in the 1964-65 session, to 48.3 percent in the 1979-80 session. The total number of faculty members in the 1964-65 session was 59; in the 1979-80 session, it was 70. About one-third of the faculty members, 1964-80, were Bridgewater graduates, and about one-seventh were graduates of other colleges affiliated with the Church of the Brethren. The proportion of faculty members, year by year, 1964-80, who belonged to the Church of the Brethren, that denomination's yearbooks reveal, ranged from 40 to 60 percent. Besides those who belonged to other Protestant sects, a few faculty members were of the Catholic and Jewish faiths. The salaries of full-time faculty members (for nine months' service) were more than doubled during the years 1964-80, the business managers' records reveal. Not counting fringe benefits, the average remuneration of full professors rose from $8,781 to $21,279; that of associate professors from $6,975 to $17,613; that of assistant professors from $6,443 to $15,653; and that of instructors from $5,505 to $12,075. Full-time faculty members during the period here under review taught (usually) 24 semester hours of courses (or the equivalent) during a regular academic session. In April, 1969, the college's board of trustees approved an expanded program of sabbatical leaves for faculty members, to become effective in the 1970-71 session. (In 1961, it had approved a plan for summer sabbatical leaves.) Only professors and associate professors, after six years of continuous full-time service to the college, were eligible. No more than four faculty members could go on leave during a fiscal year, dependent in each case on finding a 634 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

suitable replacement. They could go on leave for an academic session at half salary, or for a semester at full salary, or during a summer for $1,500. A faculty member on leave had to use the time for study, research, writing, or other scholarly activity for professional improvement, and must agree to return to the college and remain on the faculty for at least two more years.251 The faculty continued to meet regularly twice a month until May, 1970; from September, 1970, however, once a month and at other times as needed. Its secretaries, during President Geisert's first 16 years, the minutes reveal, were Donna L. Miller, 1960-69, and Clement A. Bess, 1969-84. At the beginning of each school year in September, during the Geisert years, the faculty members usually heard a guest speaker or two especially qualified on some subject of interest and importance, and engaged in discussion afterwards. At other times, they met to hear and discuss an original research paper presented by one of their own number. Thanks to grants from the National Science Foundation, Bridgewater faculty members offered at the college during the summers, 1965-69 (as in 1963 and 1964), a science training program for high ability secondary school students: for as many as 40, in one summer, from 11 states, as far away as Massachusetts, Minnesota, Mississippi, and Georgia.252 From September to December, 1978, Professors Heisey and Hill, assisted by two public school teachers, conducted at the college a National Science Foundation-financed institute for 30 elementary school teachers of science from 22 schools in Rockingham, Augusta, and other nearby counties.253 In response to requests of the Bridgewater College Alumni Association, the faculty in 1974 began offering for senior citizens of the community "continuing education" courses. During the years 1975-80, five such courses (each lasting usually six or seven weeks, one evening a week) were offered at the college: two in literature, two in religion, and one in weaving. "Continuing education units" (CEU's), one unit for each 10 hours of instruction, could also be earned by attending sessions of the annual Spiritual Life Institute at the college.254 In March, 1978, the faculty voted in favor of bestowing, from time to time, an "Outstanding Service Award" on a worthy Bridgewater alurnnus.255In April, 1977, the college had begun bestowing on an alumnus an "Outstanding Achievement Award."256 In May, 1970, the faculty approved a new Student Senate constitution and by-laws that included a provision for evaluation of the college's academic courses and instructors by the students. The ratings, in each case, were to be revealed only to the teacher, the academic dean and president of the college.257 The faculty sanctioned in April, 1978, the establishment of an Executive Dormitory Council, to consist of officers from each dormitory and (as advisers) the assistant deans for student development. In March, 1979, they approved adding to that council representatives from college houses having fewer than 25 residents.258 The faculty continued to function with five councils, but with more ancillary committees. By 1980, the structure had evolved into the following pattern:

251TrM, April 12, 1969. 252Files of the Alumnus and of Partners. 253Alumnus, Oct., 1978, p. 2. 254AlumBdDirExCornM, Sept. 8, 1967; Sept. 24, 1971; FacM, Oct. 2, 1973; TrM, April 6, 1974; Self-Study Report (1980), p. 213. 255FacAdmCornM, March 28, 1978. 256Alumnus,]une, 1977, p. 8. 257FacM, May 26, 1970. 258FacM, April 18, 1978; March 20, 1979. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 635

Council on Administration Committee on Budgets and Finance Committee on the Computing Center Committee on Educational Program Grants Committee on Institutional Research Campus Center Operational Committee Committee on Faculty Social Life Council on Education Committee on Curricular Development Committee on Teacher Education Committee on Admissions and Student Aids Committee on Convocations Committee on the Library Committee on English Composition Proficiency Committee on Health Professions Committee on the Philomathean Council on Student Affairs Committee on Cultural Activities Committee on Student Publications and Communications Automobile and Traffic Committee Council on Religious Activities Committee on Church Deputations Committee on the Spiritual Life Institute Council on Athletics259

By the session, 1979-80, the Council on Administration consisted of 10 members: the college's president, the academic dean, the business manager and treasurer, the director of development, the dean for student development, the coordinator of career planning, the executive assistant to the president, and three members of the teaching faculty (appointed by the college's president).260 Besides advising the college's president on matters of policy, evaluating recommendations from the other college councils, handling appeals concerning student conduct, and other duties, the Council on Administration, in the spring of each year, chose a slate of nominees for the elective faculty positions on the other college councils: five places on the Council on Education, three on the Council on Student Affairs, three on the Council on Religious Activities, and three on the Council on Athletics.261 The four student representatives on the Council on Student Affairs, the four on the Council on Religious Activities, and the three on the Council on Athletics were chosen by the Student Senate.262 In 1971, the faculty made certain changes affecting its Council on Education. It voted to broaden the eligibility for the faculty's elected members on the council to all full professors and associate professors (not just department heads); also to add to the council the college's head librarian. In April, 1970, it approved the establishment of a Committee on Curricular

2590n the faculty coWlcil structure, see the C, Oct., 1979, pp. 126-27. 260Faculty Handbook, Sept., 1979, p. 18. 261Ibid., pp. 20, 25, 28, 29. 262The Eagle (1979-80), p. 27. 636 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Development, to be a new ancillary committee and to include three students chosen by the Student Senate's president from among the senate's membership.263 Besides teaching and advising students, assisting with extra-curricular activities, and serving on committees, faculty members during these years continued to engage in various other activities. They did research in their respective fields; presented scholarly papers at professional meetings (regional, national, even international); had articles published in professional journals and wrote books; participated in panel discussions, seminars, and workshops; held offices and served on committees in professional organizations; received distinguished service awards in their respective fields; conducted summer tours; taught summer courses at other colleges; received grants and fellowships from foundations; served on editorial boards of periodicals, on examining committees of accrediting associations, and on state advisory committees; directed dramatic productions in summer theaters; exhibited at art shows and won awards.264 Faculty members (full-time and part-time) of the regular sessions, 1964-80, are named in the paragraphs that follow. The teachers of each subject are listed in the order of their appointment to the teaching staff. Their academic credentials are revealed in an appendix near the end of this volume. 265 ART: Paul M. Kline, 1959-; Robert E. Purvis, 1968-87; Raymond A. Yoder, 1976-80. BIOLOGY: Harry G. M. Jopson, 1936-43, 1946-81; Frances E. Silliman, 1944-46, 1947-53, 1958-73; Robert K. Bums, 1962-67; Elizabeth A. League (Mrs. M. Ellsworth) Kyger, 1966-; David J. Brusick, 1967-68; William L. Mengebier, 1968-87; L. Michael Hill, 1972-; Patricia A. W. Nielsen, 1978-84. BUSINESS: Robert L. Hueston, 1953-86; James L. Keeler, 1959-62, 1965-66; V. Stephen Bradshaw, 1964-73; Harold L. Durrett, 1964-65; George L. Fitchett, 1965-85; Donald E. Phibbs, 1966-73; David A. Penrod, 1973-; J. Robert Branner, fall term, 1975; Terry D. Looney, fall term, 1977, spring term, 1981; Martha Anderson Armstrong, 1978-; Bruce H. Elliott, 1978-81; Rebecca L. Cover, 1979-84. CHEMISTRY: W. Donald Clague, 1943-66; Lowell V. Heisey, 1950-85; John W. Martin, Jr., 1961-65, 1966-85; Liberty M. Casali, 1965-66; Frederick G. Keihn, 1967-86. COMPUTER SCIENCE: Miles W. Sandin, 1967-74; Theodore W. Flory, 1970-. ECONOMICS: Bernard S. Logan, 1959-67, 1978-84; Raymond J. D. Baker, 1967-70, 1971-80; Lawrence W. Haynes, 1970-73. EDUCATION: Nell Kersh (Mrs. John W.) Boitnott, 1947-67; Fred F. Wampler, 1957-88; J. Alaric Bowman, Jr., 1966-75, 1978-84; M. Ellen Bailey, 1967-87; Dorris M. Berry (Mrs. Fred F.) Wampler, 1970-88; Kathryn Reid (Mrs. J. Alaric) Bowman, 1974-90. ENGLISH: Clarence E. May, 1946-68; Elizabeth G. (Mrs. Daniel S.) Geiser, 1952-67; Phyllis J. Thompson, 1956-59, 1962-65; David 0. Winfrey, 1958-67; Eleanor Reed (Mrs. George R.) Hicks, 1959-62, 1964-67; Russell L. Dunlap, 1964-77; Christopher F. Pringham, spring semester, 1966; W. Elliott Wilkins, Jr., 1966-68; William P. Albright, 1967-91; H. Barclay Bondurant, 1967- 71; Charles J. Churchman, 1967-89; Ann M. Mayo, 1967-68; James J. Kirkwood, 1968-93; Gary L. Tyeryar, 1968-; Diana A. Rhoads, fall term, 1971; Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr., 1972-; Lawrence E. Woodard, 1972-73; Joan G. Horst, 1978-80; Ellen K. Layman, 1979-82. FRENCH: Raymond N. Andes, 1946-83; Virginia M. Cone, 1963-65; Donald E. Corbin, 1966-70; Buu Duong, 1965-75.

26.3FacAdmComM, April 28, 1970; FacM, April 15, May 18, 1971; TrM, Nov. 6, 1971; Faculty Handbook, Sept., 1979, p. 21. 264From the files of the Alumnus, Partners, and The Talon. 265The president's reports to the college's trustees, as well as the college's catalogues, are indispensable sources on faculty appointments and tenure. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 637

GEOLOGY: Harry G. M. Jopson, 1946-81. GERMAN: M. Ellsworth Kyger, Jr., 1955-88; James A. Goering, 1964-74. HISTORY: Victor E. Glick, 1949-51, 1952-77; Roger E. Sappington, 1958-66, 1967-89; James A. Mumper, 1962-84; James M. Stayer, 1962-65; Daniel W. Bly, 1965-67, 1969-72, 1973-; Anne D. Geller, 1966-69; Alden B. Pearson, Jr., 1966-67; Herman L. Hom, 1967-71; Lamar B. Neal, 1971-; Regina S. Sharif, 1972-73. HOME ECONOMICS: S. Ruth Howe, 1945-71; Anna Mae Myers, 1963-78, 1980-83; Virginia H. Myers, 1966-75; M. Elizabeth Hibbard, 1970-71; Mary W. LeMar, 1971-80; Sharon Ann Butterbaugh, 1975-78; Jean K. Perry, 1978-81; Janet W. (Mrs. C. Dick) Stevens, 1978-86. MATHEMATICS: Rudolph A. Glick, 1937-43, 1945-72; Olive Smith (Mrs. Warren D.) Bowman, 1951-55, 1956-64, 1966-69; John E. White, 1960-63, 1965-; Robert J. Weiss, 1962-68; Richard A. Vaughn, 1963-65; J. Alaric Bowman, Jr., 1966-75, 1978-84; James H. Williamson, 1968-70; John W. Layman, 1970-71; Richard A. Jainchell, 1971-76; Jon L. Dellett, 1972-; Paul J. Bender, 1976-. MUSIC: Nelson T. Huffman, 1925-28, 1929-65; Ruth E. Weybright (Mrs. Edgar E.) Stauffer, 1927-79; A. Olivia Cool, 1929-30, 1937-40, 1942-76; Betty Scrogurn (Mrs. W. Donald) Clague, 1954-55, 1959-66; Roger E. Cole, 1954-66; Marie C. (Mrs. Roger E.) Cole, 1954-55, 1959-66; Philip E. Trout, 1958-78; A. George Bortz, 1966-69; W. Clifton Pritchett, 1966-77; John G. Barr, 1968-70, 1971-; Shirley Petcher (Mrs. Edgar F.) Wilkerson, 1960's; David E. Arbogast, 1969-70; Rebecca Harmon (Mrs. William H.) Hunter, 1970, 1975-76; Robert C. Monroe, 1970-72; Susan H. Varner, 1970-71; Sandra Barnhart (Mrs. James L.) Keeler, 1972-82; Thomas R. Thomley, Jr., 1972-; Barbara H. (Mrs. Cecil D.) Bradfield, 1974-75; Do The Thuyen Phiet, 1975-81; Jesse E. Hopkins, Jr., 1977-; Nathan W. Albright, 1977-80; Lawrence E. Zehring, 1978-79; Carol D. Newman, 1979-82. PHILOSOPHY AND RELIGION: William G. Willoughby, 1950-62, 1966-70; David G. Metzler, 1958-62, 1966-81, 1983-; W. Robert McFadden, 1961-; Harlan D. Mummert, 1963-66; Robert W. Neff, 1964-65; Richard B. Gardner, 1965-66; Martha B. Thornton, 1968-86; W. Steve Watson, Jr., 1970-81, 1983-; George R. Lucas, Jr., 1977-78; Ben F. Wade, 1979-85. PHYSICAL EDUCATION: Daniel S. Geiser, 1946-56, 1957-66; Paul H. Gunsten, Jr., 1953-67; George A. Keirn, 1960-65; Laura S. Mapp, 1961-; Melvin L. Myers, 1962-85; Kenneth C. Day, 1965-68; James A. Reedy, 1966-71, 1973-78; Virginia M. Gross, 1967-69; John S. Spencer, 1967-; Samuel C. Gross, 1968-69; Barbara J. Purkey, 1968-70; Carlyle Whitelow, 1969-; Mary Frances Heishman, 1970-; Vincent J. Corner, 1971-72; Ray L. Heatwole, 1972-73; Thomas M. Kinder, 1978-. PHYSICAL SCIENCE: Larry H. White, 1966-67. PHYSICS: Dale V. Ulrich, 1958-61, 1964-67, 1982-85; Dean R. Neher, 1961-; Wayne M. Barkey, 1967-71; Donald L. Deardorff, 1967-73. POLITICAL SCIENCE: Victor E. Glick, 1949-51, 1952-77; Roger E. Sappington, 1958-66, 1967-89; Herman L. Hom, 1967-71; Lamar B. Neal, 1971-. PSYCHOLOGY: George W. Kent, 1954-91; Betty H. (Mrs. Paul M.) Kline, 1960-68; Donald R. Witters, 1968- . SOCIOLOGY: William E. Barnett, 1955-86; Emmert F. Bittinger, 1963-82, 1983-88; Dale E. Mekeel, 1968-81; Marie K. Arrington, 1969-71; Marion Van Winkle, spring term, 1969; James P. Bowman, 1971-76; A. Michael Hall, 1976-77; Carson C. Good, 1977-. SPANISH: Virginia R. (Mrs. Raymond N.) Andes, 1948-49, 1953-55, 1956-62, 1963-65, 1974- 75; Martha Miriam Bowman, 1963-65; Robert B. Houts, Jr., 1963-69, 1970-92; Vincent H. Rangel, 1965-67; Antonio R. Martinez, 1967-73; Linda Sue Schultz, 1969-70. 638 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

SPEECH AND DRAMA: Charles F. Fuller, Jr., 1963-71; Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr., 1972-; Lawrence E. Woodard (taught speech, not drama, and directed debate), 1972-73.

The Library During Wayne F. Geisert's presidency, Orland ("Jack") Wages, appointed in 1963, continued to serve as the college's head librarian until illness impelled his resignation in 1982. During certain years while at Bridgewater, he taught a course in cataloging and another in library administration in the University of Virginia's extension division. For three and a half years (late 1960's), he was the editor of The Virginia Librarian, a quarterly published by the Virginia Library Association, and for 10 years (1968-78), he wrote reviews of books for The Four Winds Press. In and out of the Bi:J.dgewater library, he was very helpful to students.266 Agnes V. Kline, Mr. Wages's immediate predecessor as head librarian, remained on the library staff as assistant librarian and chief cataloger until 1968, when she retired from full- time service, but she continued for another year on a part-time basis. In June, 1969, she retired from the library after 40 years' service, receiving from the faculty upon her retirement the designation of "Librarian Emeritus." Her interest in students and in the college, her forthrightness and wit, made an indelible impression on those who knew her. Her ''breakfast club" (at her table in the college dining hall), whose membership varied over the years, became known for its discussion of problems of the day and proposed solutions. Having a strong historical sense, she preserved for posterity Bridgewater memorabilia, compiled scrapbooks of newspaper articles about the college, its activities, and alumni, and kept a diary. For 50 years after her graduation from Bridgewater in 1921, she kept in touch with her classmates through correspondence. 267 Besides Agnes V. Kline, the assistant librarians during the years 1964-80, as revealed in the librarian's reports and the college's catalogues, were the following: Thelma S. Replogle, 1964- 68; Virginia A. Shenk, cataloger, 1968-78; Philip I. Roddy, reference librarian, 1972-75; Buu Duong, reference librarian, 1975-84; and Lisabeth A. Chabot, cataloger, 1979-82. Ms. Shenk, Mr. Roddy, and Ms. Chabot each had a master's degree in library science; Dr. Duong, a Ph.D. in another field. Among other full-time members of the library staff during this period, those of longest service were Gladys E. Erbaugh, 1965-81; Shirley D. Johnson, 1972-82; Phyllis R. Ward, 1969- 73; and Judith Van Sice Via, 1976-79. The librarian's reports reveal that during the 1964-65 session the library staff included two professionally trained librarians and two other full-time employees. During the 1979-80 session, it included two professionals and four other full-time workers. In addition, the staff included a number of student assistants. For 12 years (1975-87), Gladys V. Sanger (Bridgewater student, 1925-27), a professionally trained librarian who had degrees from Columbia University and the University of Michigan, did part-time volunteer work in the library. A committee, consisting (in 1979-80) of the head librarian, eight faculty members (appointed by the college's president), and two students (chosen by the Student Senate) determined and interpreted library policy. 268

266ubrarian's annual reports, 1967-68; 1968-69; 1977-78. 267Librarian's annual reports, 1967-68; 1968-69; FacAdmComM, Oct. 22, 1969; alumni reminiscences; and the AVK collection in theAMML. 268c (Oct., 1979), p. 126. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 639

On October 16, 1964, the library committee voted in favor of changing from the Dewey Decimal System of book classification (used since 1912) to the Library of Congress system, but two months later (Dec. 11, 1964), upon reconsideration of the matter, opposed making the change, the committee's minutes reveal. Except during holidays and between terms, the library was open 74 hours per week during the 1964-65 session, and 82 hours per week during the 1979-80 session, the increase being due to more daytime hours, Monday to Friday, and more hours on Sunday. During the 16-year period (1964-80), the librarian's reports reveal, the library experienced a considerable growth in its holdings. By June 30, 1964, it had about 50,000 volumes and 382 periodical titles. As of July 1, 1980, it had 113,947 books (excluding government documents); 604 periodical titles; 12,383 volumes of magazines; 47,897 U. S. government documents; 564 Virginia state documents; 4,121 long-playing records; 1,650 cassettes and tapes; 2,369 reels of microfilm; 8,446 pieces of microfiche, besides films, filmstrips, slides, and transparencies. Annual expenditures for acquisitions increased significantly. During the fiscal year 1964- 65, they totaled $13,500: $10,000 for books; $2,250 for periodicals; $1,250 for microforms. In 1979-80, they amounted to $34,647: $17,055 for books; $14,768 for periodicals; $783 for records and tapes; and $2,041 for microforms.269 Financial grants from the W. K. Kellogg,Foundation and U.S. government agencies enabled the library to augment its collections from time to time; so did the Carman G. Blough, the Paul Haynes Bowman, the Newton D. Cool, and the G. W. and Edith Petcher memorial book funds, and the Lloyd and Margaret Gochenour book fund.270 During these years, the library acquired additional equipment: microfilm readers, photocopiers, tape recorders, record players, projectors for various purposes, and other devices. During the summer of 1978, the library had installed at the check-out desk an electronic system to detect books being taken out without proper procedure. 271 During this period, the head librarian prepared and issued handbooks for users of the library: one for students and another for faculty members. On September 1, 1974, the Shenandoah Valley Independent Colleges Library Cooperative (SVICLC), embracing the libraries of Bridgewater College, Eastern Mennonite College, and Mary Baldwin College, became operational after discussions by the academic deans and librarians of the three schools extending back to May 1, 1969. Bridgewater's head librarian, Orland Wages, was the leader in constructing the agreement among the member schools and the chairman of the consortium during its first year. That agreement makes available to the students and faculties of the three colleges more than one-quarter million volumes in the three college libraries and eliminates the need of duplicating purchases of rarely-used publications. Four times a year, the librarians of the cooperating schools meet to discuss common problems and to consider possible solutions, the chairmanship and place of meeting rotating annually among the schools. Each of the libraries received an $8,000 grant from the W. K. Kellogg Foundation for the installation of terminal facilities linking it to the Southeastern Library Network (SOLINET) of libraries in the 10 southeastern states of the nation, having headquarters in Atlanta, Georgia. Such facilities were installed in the Bridgewater library in 1977. That computerized network and service center increases the availability of the resources of the member libraries, facilitates the cataloging process, the location of books, and

269Business manager's reports, Nov. 7, 1964; Nov. 7, 8, 1980. 270Library records and files of the Alumnus. 271Librarian's annual report, 1976-77; library committee minutes, Dec. 9, 1977; Oct. 27, 1978; TrM, April 7, 1979. 640 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

interlibrary loans. SOLINET, furthermore, is linked with the Ohio College Library Center (OCLC), a nationwide network.272 In the spring of 1980, the Bridgewater library staff hosted, in the Kline Campus Center, the conference for the librarians of Virginia's District VI. More than 100 representatives from colleges within the district attended.273 Among the library's acquisitions during the years 1964-80 were the following: from the estate of Paul Haynes Bowman, the college's president, 1919-46, a large collection of personal and official papers; from former Bridgewater president Warren D. Bowman and Mrs. Bowman, 12 boxes of personal papers and 830 books; from the estate of Weldon T. Myers, distinguished alumnus and former college professor, notebooks, lecture notes for courses he taught, scrapbooks, autobiographical writings, and over 1,000 books; from Nevin W. Fisher, former musician and college professor, a valuable collection of old hymnals; from Mrs. S. H. Flora (nee Annie L. Eller), two scrapbooks of printed programs presented at the Botetourt Normal College and Daleville Academy and College; from Jonas G. Eller, a collection of photographs of Botetourt Normal College and Daleville Academy and College, a scrapbook, a diploma, and some papers; from William H. Sanger, former school principal, catalogues of Hebron Seminary; from Mattie and Mollie Glick, files of The B. C. Bee and copies of Ripples; from Walter S. Flory, Jr., and Clarence E. May, certain papers; from the estate of Mark E. Myers, medical books; from Mrs. Raus M. Hanson, Mary B. Jones, and Louis G. Locke, sizable collections of books in various fields; from Carman G. Blough, books on accounting and other subjects; from Janet C. Flory, 411 books; from Anna R. Allen, her collection of autographed copies of books written by John W. Wayland; from the Jewish Chautauqua Society in New York City, through the good offices of Rabbi Gary Walters, books on contemporary Judaism, Jewish history, and Biblical archeology; from the University of Virginia, The Virginia Gazette, 1736-80, on microfilm; from Shelburne S. Sanger, a copy of Thomas Jefferson's The Life and Morals of Jesus of Nazareth (compiled by Jefferson, 1816-19, but not published until 1904).274 As a U.S. government depository (since 1902), the library continued to receive documents of certain categories. The library is noteworthy for some valuable collections it holds. Among those holdings (besides those mentioned in earlier chapters) are the following: a file of the Bridgewater (Va.) Herald (1894-1906), probably the most nearly complete file of that town newspaper in existence; some issues of an earlier Bridgewater town newspaper, the Bridgewater Journal (1878-85); 19th-century atlases of the Virginia counties of Augusta, Page, Rockingham, and Shenandoah; books on Shenandoah Valley of Virginia history and genealogy; song books published by the Ruebush-Kieffer Company (moved to Dayton, Va., from Singers Glen in 1878); imprints by the Henkel Press (set up in 1806 at New Market, Va.); 18th- and 19th- century school textbooks; a collection of children's literature; 18th- and 19th-century hymnals; the personal Bible of Alexander Mack (1679-1735), printed in Germany in 1723; several Bibles and various imprints from the press of Christopher Sauer (1721-84), Pennsylvania German printer; books from the collection of Abraham H. Cassel (1820-1908), Pennsylvania German bibliophile and antiquarian; old academic records of students, not only at Bridgewater College, but also at the Daleville (Va.) schools, at Hebron Seminary, and at Blue Ridge College (New Windsor, Md.); old records of Church of the Brethren congregations in the southeastern

272TrM, April 7, 1973; April 6, 1974; Nov. 6, 1976; librarian's annual reports, 1973-78; library committee minutes, Dec. 12, 1973; Alumnus, June, 1977, p. 18; and statement by]. O. Lehman, Sept. 22, 1981. 273Librarian's annual report, 1979-80. 274From gift letters in the AMML, the librarian's annual reports, and other sources. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 641

portion of the nation; books, periodicals, conference reports, and other publications of and about the Church of the Brethren; papers and correspondence, diaries, account books, family photographs, sermon outlines and notes of Samuel N. McCann (1858-1917), former Bridgewater College faculty member, Biblical scholar, and missionary; a deed (1762) bearing the signature of Thomas Lord Fairfax; U. S. government documents and Virginia state publications dating back to the 1850's; all of these besides printed and manuscript materials and photographs pertaining to Bridgewater College. Aside from being a depository for reading materials and a place for study and research, the library building has been put to other uses. Its entrance room has been used, at times, for exhibits. Its seminar room is used for committee meetings, discussion groups, and, at times, as a classroom. In its conference room were held, for a number of years, meetings of the college's board of trustees, of its faculty, and of the Student Senate. On its walls hang the portraits of some of the college's former presidents, trustees, faculty members, and benefactors. On its main floor stands the large grandfather clock275 once owned by Elder John Kline (1797-1864). On the building's second floor is the desk of Daniel C. Flory, the college's founder, whose sons and daughters presented it to the college in 1932; also the roll-top desk276 used by Eugene M. Crouch and Walter B. Yount (and probably by Edward A. Miller), early presidents of the college.

The Pritchett Museum During Wayne F. Geisert's presidency, the Pritchett Museum, located on the basement level of Cole Hall since 1964, continued to receive from Bridgewater alumni and other friends interesting and valuable items, among them the following: from Mrs. G. Garland (Janet Harshbarger) Tanner, of Grottoes, Virginia, 58 artifacts from the Near East, among them several tear bottles (dating from 1,200 and 2,000 B. C.) from Cyprus and Jericho, a Phoenician jar, and a Grecian um; from Mrs. Henry W. Mack, a beautiful Manchu gown; from Mr. and Mrs. Mark R. Wampler, of Broadway, Virginia, the deed (dated March 1, 1830) by which Elder John Kline (1797-1864) and his wife donated the tract of land on which stands today the Linville Creek (Va.) Church of the Brethren meetinghouse; from the Guy C. Wine family, of Timberville, Virginia, John Kline's hat and saddle bags; from Roy F. Kline, of Broadway, a brass and wrought iron soup skimmer owned by John Kline; from the W. Harold Row estate, memorabilia of the Russian Orthodox Church; from Mrs. Russell Mason, an 1817 Methodist Church hymnal; from the John C. Eller family, a collection of fossils; from Rudolph A. Glick, a collection of American Indian relics; from Robert K. Burns, 32 varieties of song bird eggs; from Mrs. A. 0. (Violette E. Hoover) Brooks, Jr., her grandmother's chinaware; from Meredith Beale, a pewter communion wine pitcher used at the Ames Methodist Church in Bridgewater; from various Bridgewater alumni, old photographs of the college's students and faculty members.277 The first director of the museum, from the fall of 1976 until his untimely death in January, 1985, was Jacob F. Replogle, a Bridgewater alumnus (B. A., 1937), who undertook the task of meticulously cataloging the more than 6,000 items in the museum.278

275The clock, reportedly sold for five pounds of butter, was the gift (in 1977) of Edna and Refa Wampler, of New Market, Virginia, the library's records reveal. 276The donor was Rufus B. King, a Bridgewater alumnus who purchased the desk during the 1940's, the library's records show. 277From the files of the Alumnus, Partners, the "Museum Newsletter," and other sources. 278TrM; Nov. 6, 1976. 642 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

On September 21, 1979, Mr. Replogle began issuing, at irregular intervals, a mimeographed "Museum Newsletter." The second number was dated December, 1979, and the third, June, 1980; others at later times. From time to time, the museum featured special exhibits, among them the following: a deed (dated in 1781) for 300 acres of land in Augusta County, Virginia, bearing the signature of Thomas Jefferson, then Virginia's governor; two other documents, both concerning 18th- century land grants by English kings, one by George II in 1750, the other by George III in 1765. The donor of all three documents was Robert L. Strickler. The museum also has an illuminated copy of the Gregorian Chant (in a leather-bound volume), made by a 17th-century Grecian monk, a treasure Mr. Pritchett purchased in Athens in 1945, the museum's records reveal. Also on display in the museum is the dinner bell used to summon Bridgewater students to meals in the old "White House," 1888-1930; and a four-foot section taken from one of the wooden front porch columns of Cole Hall removed in 1968. By June 30, 1979, the museum had had more than 14,500 visitors from many of the nation's states and from various foreign countries, and had added 1,044 items to Mr. Pritchett's collection, the museum's records reveal. Mr. Replogle was active in advertising the museum, not only at the college, but also in the local newspapers, and active in attracting individuals and groups of visitors for lecture tours featuring various subjects and interests represented by the depository's holdings. He hoped that some day the college's old gymnasium building would be converted into new and larger quarters for the Pritchett Museum's growing collection.

Commencements The college registrars' records reveal that about 55 percent (on the average) of the members of each entering freshman class at Bridgewater, 1964-80, graduated four years later.279 During the years 1965-80, Bridgewater's graduation exercises were held in the Alumni Gymnasium (today Nininger Hall) in the afternoon of the same day (a Sunday in late May or early June) as the morning baccalaureate service. During seven of his first 16 years in office, President Geisert himself preached the baccalaureate sermon in the College Street Church of the Brethren building. The baccalaureate speakers of the various years are named in an appendix near the end of this volume.280 Having a guest speaker at the graduation exercises each year continued (since 1912) to be the practice. The speakers' names appear in an appendix in this volume. 281 The college registrars' records reveal that, during the years 1965-80, Bridgewater conferred 2,117 B. A. degrees, 459 B. S. degrees (with major fields not designated), 35 B. S.'s in business administration, 20 B. S.'s in home economics, and 11 B. S.'s in music education. After 1967, B. S. degrees were no longer designated at Bridgewater as being in particular fields. A great granddaughter and a great grandson of Daniel C. Flory, the college's founder, were among Bridgewater's graduates of these years: Virginia L. Flory (B. A., 1966) and Theodore W. Flory (B. A., 1970); so were the three sons of President and Mrs. Geisert.

279Southem Association of Colleges and Schools visiting committee (at BC, 1971) report, p. 51; BC self-study report (1980), PP· 50, 51. 280Baccalaureate service programs in the AMML. 281See the commencement program file in the AMML. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 643

A few graduating seniors of these years placed at the 99th percentile in the subject area on the Graduate Record Examination (of the Educational Testing Service, Princeton, N. J.). Beverly A. Wallich (B. A., 1965) was awarded a Woodrow Wilson Foundation fellowship for graduate study (as had been two other Bridgewater seniors before her). Two other Bridgewater seniors, Elizabeth Marie Van Meter (B. A., 1969) and Frederick A. Wampler (B. A., 1970), received honorable mention in the Woodrow Wilson fellowship competition.282 Other graduating seniors received a fellowship, graduate assistantship, or scholarship for graduate study. Among the universities making the awards were Cornell, Duke, Harvard, Illinois, Johns Hopkins, and Virginia. A graduating senior received a National Science Foundation fellowship; two others a Rotary International Fellowship (for study abroad); and another a National Collegiate Athletic Association scholarship.283 Among the gifts presented to the college by the graduating classes of this period were the following: from the Class of 1967, funds for the purchase of a new public address system for Riverside Field (now Jopson Field) and for the Alumni Gymnasium (now Nininger Hall); from the Class of 1968, about $400, for putting name plaques on the college's buildings; from the Class of 1969, a glass-encased, illuminated bulletin board, to be placed behind the receptionist's desk in Kline Campus Center; from the Class of 1974, a score board, to be erected on Jopson Field for women's athletic contests; from the Class of 1976, a large replica of the college's seal, for display at graduation exercises; from the Class of 1977, a bulletin board, to be placed in front of Rebecca Hall, in honor of a classmate, Raymond Studwell, II, who had become blind (from diabetes) while a student at Bridgewater; from the Class of 1978, a bench, to be placed on the rear side of Nininger Hall, near the tennis courts, in memory of a deceased classmate, Denise ClendanieI.284 The classes of 1977 and 1978 each had a brick bearing the class's year-number placed in the wall at the entrance to Founders' Hall, reviving a custom begun by the Class of 1909, and continued intermittently ever since.285

The Alumni Association and Its Activities

The self-study undertaken by the Bridgewater College Alumni Association, 1963-65, upon the suggestion of its executive secretary, Jacob F. Replogle, brought forth some proposals that led to revisions of the association's constitution; also a revision of the by-laws of the college's board of trustees.286 The association's new constitution and by-laws, adopted on May 28, 1966, made some significant changes. They restored the requirement of attendance for at least one academic year, instead of one semester (by the association's constitution of 1960), at either the college or academy, at Bridgewater, or Daleville, or Blue Ridge (New Windsor, Md.), for active membership in the Bridgewater College Alumni Association. They provided for the election of the association's officers, henceforth, by a plurality of votes to be cast by mail ballot (listing a slate of candidates chosen by the alumni association's board of directors) sent annually in the spring to the association's entire membership (instead of election by the association's directors and confirmation later by those association members attending their annual meeting at the

282Alumnus, April, 1965, p. 11; April, 1969, p. 15; "Inside College Relations," Feb. 20, 1970, p. 6. 283From the files of the Alumnus. 284Alumnus, Dec., 1967, p. 23; Nov., 1970, p. 28; June, 1977, back of front cover; TrM, April 3, 1976; Wayne F. Geiser! to Lowell A. Miller, May 31, 1968, PrO Papers; President's Cabinet minutes, Sept. 26, 1979. 285President's Cabinet minutes, June 27, 1977; Sept. 26, 1979. 286see the self-study report in the Alumnus, Dec., 1965, pp. 9-14. 644 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

college in May or June). They allowed the college senior class president (or a designee), henceforth, a seat on the alumni association's board of directors. They specified, furthermore, that an annual appeal for financial contributions to the college be made.287 The association's constitution and by-laws, as revised, September 30, 1972, opened active membership in the association, henceforth, to former Bridgewater, Daleville, and Blue Ridge students who had earned 12 units (semester hours) or more of academic credit at any one of the three schools; placed the Bridgewater senior class president (or a designee) on the executive committee of the alumni association's board of directors; made an alumnus-member of the college's board of trustees an ex-officio, non-voting member of the executive committee of the alumni association's board of directors; reduced the quorum for meetings of the alumni association's board of directors from 40 percent to 25 of its membership, and established three members as a quorum for meetings of the board of directors' executive committee.288 The association's constitution and by-laws, as revised, May 24, 1975, eliminated the office of vice president of the association (made unnecessary because of the president-elect). In order to put the association in line for tax-exempt status under Virginia's requirements, it stated that the association was "an exclusively charitable and educational organization," and that its assets, upon a dissolution of the association, would be donated to Bridgewater College, "or to other qualified non-profit organizations."289 The association's constitution and by-laws, as revised October, 1979, made more changes. They stated that "All who have been enrolled at any time as students at the college shall be members of the Association"; set at 12 the number of the association's directors to be elected at large; eliminated the office of treasurer (since the association no longer had a treasury, after transferring its funds to the college's endowment on the understanding that the earnings would be used to fund alumni association scholarships); established a committee to make nominations for association offices, and stated that elections, henceforth, should be by majority (not plurality) vote; established a "Young Alumnus Award," for those under the age of 36; provided for amendment of the association's constitution, henceforth, by its board of directors, by vote of two-thirds of the members present (at least one-half of all of them being present), instead of by vote of two-thirds of those present at a regular association meeting. 290 During the years 1964-80, the alumni association had a succession of seven directors, or executive secretaries. Jacob F. Replogle, after holding the position for 12 years (and serving also as director of development, 1956-65, and director of church relations, 1956-64), resigned, effective October 31, 1968. He had no successor until August 1, 1969, when Walter L. Smith, Jr., became "Associate Director of Development and Director of Alumni Relations." During the nine-month interval, David L. Holl, director of development since 1965, acted also as director of alumni relations. After 17 months, on January 1, 1971, Mr. Smith left the position as alumni relations director. His successor, until June 30, 1973, was Charles H. Scott. Brydon M. DeWitt was next in the position, until March, 1975; then J. Alaric Bowman, Jr., July 1, 1975, until June, 1978. From September 1, 1978, until June 30, 1979, Dean G. Kinley was director; then Mrs. Ruth M. Ferris, August 1, 1979, until June, 1980.291 The alumni association's officers are named in an appendix near the end of this volume.

287For the text of the constitution and by-laws, see the Alumnus, Aug., 1966, pp. 19, 20. 288Acopy of the constitution and by-laws is in the Alumni Office; see also the AlumBdDirExComM, May 26, 1972. 289Acopy of the constitution and by-laws is in the Alumni Office; see also the AlumBdDirM, Sept. 21, 1974; May 24, 1975; and AlumBdDirExCornM, March 8, 1975. 290A copy of the constitution and by-laws is in the Alumni Office; see also the AlumBdDirExComM, March 3, Oct. S, 1979, and committee report, Feb. 17, 1979. 291AlurnBdDirExComM, July 29, 1968; Feb. 22, July 26, 1969; AlurnBdDirM, May 31, 1969; May 26, 1973; May 24, 1975; May 27, 1978; May 26, 1979; May 24, 1980; TrM, Oct. 31, 1969; Nov. 7, 1970; TrExComM, March 27, 1975; interview with David L. Holl. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 645

The years 1964-80 witnessed the organization of some new alumni association chapters: one for southern Ohio in March, 1966; another for the Greater Dayton, Ohio, area in May, 1966; and one for the Winchester, Virginia, area in November, 1972. The period also witnessed the merging of the Carroll County and Cumberland Valley, Maryland, chapters in May, 1980.292 The alumni association experimented with different schedules for class reunions. During the years 1966-69, it tried the "Dartmouth Plan" of inviting back to the campus, on Homecoming Day in the fall and on Alumni Day in the spring, classes that graduated in three consecutive years (as well as some classes that graduated in non-consecutive years), before discarding the plan in favor of having classes that graduated five years apart return, usually 10 or more classes at graduation time in the spring, fewer on Homecoming Day in the fall.293 The association also adopted the plan of having the younger alumni in reunion on Homecoming Day in the fall, and the older graduates on Alumni Day in the spring. The association continued its practice (since 1939) of conducting an annual memorial service on Alumni Day for those alumni who had deceased during the year just ended, but discontinued the service after May, 1973, in favor of issuing, instead, a printed list of names of the deceased alumni, with death dates and class years. A symposium on the U.S. government's foreign policy was a special feature on Alumni Day in 1966, as were seminars on environmental problems on Alumni Day in 1972. The association's banquet, on Alumni Day in late May or early June each year, continued to attract many former students, a few as far back as the 1890's. Alumni records reveal that George L. Brown, Jr., celebrating the 75th anniversary of his graduation in 1891, was present in 1966; that John S. Roller, celebrating his 70th anniversary, was present in 1964; and that Mrs. Paul Haynes (Flora E. Hoover) Bowman, celebrating her 70th anniversary, was present in 1979. The banquets were held in the Rebecca Hall dining room, 1930-68, but, beginning in 1969, in Kline Campus Center's dining area. There was no banquet on Alumni Day, May 29, 1965. Instead, there was in the Alumni Gymnasium in the evening an "all-time" glee club concert by over 400 former and current club members, with Nelson T. Huffman as director, Mrs. Ruth W. Stauffer as organist, and A. Olivia Cool as pianist, before an audience of over 2,000. The occasion honored Professor Huffman, upon his retirement from the college after 40 years of service. He was presented the Alumnus of the Year Award; also gifts from the college's music staff and the glee clubs.294 The highlight of the alumni association's annual banquet continued to be (since 1945) the honoring of the "Alumnus of the Year," designated as "Distinguished Alumnus" since 1970. A new annual feature added at the banquet in 1980 was the bestowal of a ''Young Alumnus Award." The first recipient was Ellen K. Layman (B. S., 1965), journalist and assistant managing editor of the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record.295 At the banquet in June, 1968, the association began awarding an annual scholarship ($200; increased to $400 by 1980) to a rising Bridgewater junior, in addition to its annual scholarship (since 1952) to a rising senior. The new award's first recipient was Karen F. Adams.296 The association had long since discontinued having a formal address at the banquet by an "Alumni Orator."

292Reports of the association's directors, and the AlumBdDirM, May 28, 1966; May 24, 1980. 293Alumnus, April, 1966, p. 12; Dec., 1966, p. 11; AlumBdDirExCornM, Jan. 16, 1971; AlumBdDirM, May 29, 1971. 294Alumnus, Aug., 1965, pp. 3, 6·. 295AlurnBdDirExComM, March 3, 1979; Alumnus, June, 1980, p. 11. 296AlurnBdDirM, June3, 1967; Alumnus, Aug., 1968, p. 10. 646 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

In April, 1972, the alumni association established a "Senior Award" (called "Citizenship Award" since 1980), for a graduating senior considered to be outstanding in citizenship and service. The first recipient of the award, at the association's banquet in May, 1972, was Joanne Barron.297 In 1970, the association began awarding a "Most Valuable Player Trophy" to a Bridgewater player at the annual Homecoming Day football game. The first recipient was Marshall L. Flora, Jr.298 In the, fall of 1974, the association began making an award to the outstanding offensive player, another to the outstanding defensive player, in the Homecoming Day football game. The first recipients were Chris W. Sizemore (offensive player) and Glen H. Goad (defensive player).299 The alumni association continued its practice of having a dinner, luncheon, breakfast, or afternoon coffee hour each year for Bridgewater alumni attending meetings of the Virginia Education Association in Richmond, the Maryland Teachers Association in Baltimore, and the Church of the Brethren annual conference at its various locations. In May, 1976, the association approved the transfer of its funds to the college's treasury, the association to retain control of the use of those funds. 300 During these years, as earlier, the alumni association, through its membership, played a vital role in providing the college financial support. The proportion of alumni who contributed varied, of course, from year to year. During the fiscal years 1964-68, it averaged about 17 percent annually; in 1969-70, it was 22.1percent.In1979-80, about 34 percent of those alumni who were solicited made contributions to the annual fund.301 Figures on alumni giving, year by year, constitute an appendix near the end of this volume. In November, 1969, the alumni association's directors decided to conduct a nation-wide campaign by telephone for funds for the college from alumni who had not yet contributed during the fiscal year. In the first such "telethon," ten alumni and ten students used telephones at the telephone company's headquarters in Harrisonburg, four nights a week, March 30 to April 30, 1970. In later years, alumni, student, faculty and staff participants used telephones set up in Kline Campus Center. Telephoning was done, also, by alumni chapter members in their home areas. The telethons, conducted usually in March or April, or partly in both months, lasted three or four weeks. The effort in the spring of 1980 yielded $26,461 in pledges. Telethons proved to be beneficial, also, in obtaining dates of births, deaths, and marriages; also correct mailing addresses of alumni and names of prospective students. To supplement telephoning, agents of the graduated classes of alumni wrote letters to their classmates.302

Vocations of the Alumni According to a survey made in 1967, about 31 percent of the Bridgewater alumni then living were in the teaching profession. Many were public school teachers and administrators;

297AlumBdDirExComM, April 15, 1972; Alumnus, May, 1972, p. 12. 298AlumBdDirExComM, Oct. 3, 1970; Alumnus, Nov., 1970, p. 13. 299Alumnus, Dec., 1974, p. 15. 300AlumBdDirM, May 29, 1976. 301 Alumni directors' reports. 302AlumBdDirExComM, Nov. 30, 1969; Alumnus, June, 1980, p. 13, and other issues. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 647

others were college and university professors, not only in general education, but also in specialized fields: medicine, law, theology, and others. Amherst, Auburn, Brandeis, Chicago, Cornell, Emory, Georgetown, Johns Hopkins, Michigan, Minnesota, Oberlin, Pennsylvania, Purdue, Rutgers, Smith, Stanford, Syracuse, Vanderbilt, Washington, Wes tern Reserve, Wisconsin, and Yale were among the colleges and universities in the nation on whose faculties Bridgewater graduates served during the years 1964-80. They were also on the faculties of many Virginia colleges and of some Canadian universities (Toronto and Waterloo).303 Among Bridgewater alumni (besides some mentioned in the preceding chapter) who were college presidents during the years 1964-80 were W. Harold Gamer (B. A., 1951), president of Sauk Valley College, 1980-86; G. Wayne Glick (B. A., 1941), president of Keuka College, 1966- 74, and of Bangor Theological Seminary, 1978-86; and Ben F. Wade (B. A., 1957), president of Westmar College, 1977-79.304 Bridgewater alumni during these years held positions in the National Institutes of Health, the U. S. Department of Education, the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Smithsonian Institution, and other agencies, and were recognized for efficient service.305 At least two Bridgewater alumni attained the rank of major general in the U. S. armed forces: John E. Hoover (student, 1941-43) in the Army, and John W. Hepfer (B. A., 1950) in the Air Force. Another alumnus, Richard W. Homan (B. A., 1950), a World War II veteran, was chosen commander-in-chief (Aug., 1968) of the Veterans of Foreign Wars of the United States.306 Another alumnus, Takehisa Imaizumi (B. A., 1964), held a responsible position in the Japanese govemment,307 Other alumni served in the U.S. Peace Corps, some in the late 1960's, others in the 1970's, as teachers for one purpose or another: Mrs. J. Lynn McDaniels Beatty (1971-72) and her husband, in the Bahrain Islands (in the Persian Gulf); C. Franklin Drumheller (B. A., 1959), in Turkey; Carol L. Durgy (B. A., 1970), in Sarawak, Malaysia; Lester A. Feldmann (B. A., 1972), in Ghana; David S. Geiman, Jr. (B. A., 1967), in Sierra Leone; Cathryn L. Kent (B. A., 1977), in Paraguay; Melvin D. Lee (B. A., 1970) and his wife, Karen M. Ryder Lee (B. A., 1970), in Jamaica; Ronald C. Miller (B. A., 1968), in Bolivia; Robert A. Segar (B. A., 1966) and his wife, Susan J. Frantz Segar (B. A., 1964), in Venezuela.308 William C. Forrest (B. A., 1968) and Marguerite J. Young (B. A., 1969) served in VISTA (Volunteers in Service to America).309 Other alumni were in Brethren Volunteer Service (BVS). Neva A. Clayton (B. A., 1973) taught students majoring in English at the University of Marie Curie Sklodowska in Lublin, Poland, 1976-78. Rufus D. Petre (B. A., 1965) worked to improve living conditions in South Vietnam in the 1960's. Lois R. Wine (B. A., 1969) and her sister, Sarah A. Wine (B. A., 1971), were teachers in Bolivia in the 1970's.310 Mrs. Leona Zigler Row (B. A., 1934) served as resident director of the World Friendship Center in Hiroshima, Japan, 1975-76.311

303sc bulletins, the AlumBF, WW, and other biographical sources. 304lbid. 305Files of the Alumnus. 306HDN-R, Dec. 24, 1968; March 30, 1978; and the AlumBF. 307Alumnus, March, 1978, p. I. 308From the files of the Alumnus. 309lbid. 310lbid. 311Alumnus, July, 1991, p. 2. 648 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Bridgewater alumni continued to be elected to the Virginia General Assembly. Donald K Funkhouser (B. A., 1953) served in the House of Delegates, 1966-71, as did Nathan H. Miller (B. A., 1965), 1972-75. From 1976 to 1985, Mr. Miller was a member of the Virginia Senate.312 Richard D. Obenshain (B. A., 1956), a Richmond lawyer, was chairman of the Virginia state Republican Party organization, 1972-74; co-chairperson of the Republican Party's national committee, 1974-76; and, in 1978, was his party's candidate for a Virginia seat in the U.S. Senate until his tragic death in a plane crash during the campaign. Another alumnus, T. Rodman Layman (B. A., 1956), was appointed Secretary of Public Safety for Virginia by Governor John N. Dalton in 1980, after he had served as chairman of the state's Alcoholic Beverage Control Board during the 1970's. Other alumni were active on the local level, in counties and towns, as party committeemen and officeholders, and as party delegates to state and national conventions. Other alumni gained recognition in the field of science. William L. Brown (B. A., 1936) in 1980 was elected a member of the National Academy of Sciences for his contributions in the development of hybrid corn and wheat, and was a member of the President's Advisory Commission on World Food Supply.313 Paul V. Phibbs, Jr. (B. A., 1964) in 1976 was president of the Virginia Academy of Science (as had been three other Bridgewater alumni before him). 314 H. LeRoy Scharon (B. A., 1938), professor of geophysics at Washington University, was an exchange scientist (representing the National Science Foundation) with a group of Soviet scientists in Antarctica for 16 months (Nov., 1967-Feb., 1969), studying the rock magnetism in the mountain ranges of Byrd Land.315 E. Joseph Wampler (1954-55), "an observational cosmologist," was a member of a team that discovered, in 1969, a quasar believed to be "farther out in the universe than man had ever seen before," and pioneered in the development of electronic equipment that enabled study of the quasar telescopically.316 Ralph S. Wolfe (B. A., 1942) was a member of a University of Illinois team that discovered, in 1977, methanogens, a new form of life, a new type of organism, widespread in nature, that lives without oxygen and gives off methane gas as a waste product.317 Some alumni received appointments under the Fulbright Act of 1946. Pasco M. Bowman, II (B. A., 1955), was a Fulbright scholar at the London School of Economics, 1961-62. Raymond N. Andes (B. A., 1940) was a summer Fulbright scholar in Pau, France, 1964. John W. Martin, Jr. (B. A., 1947), was a Fulbright lecturer at the University of Assuit in Cairo, Egypt, 1965-66. William L. Brown (B. A., 1936) was a Fulbright advanced research fellow at the Imperial College of Tropical Agriculture in Trinidad, 1976-77.318 Robert M. Burgess (B. A., 1928), an "internationally recognized scholar in the French Renaissance," received from the French government in 1972 the award of Chevalier des Palmes Academiques, in recognition of his professional contributions.319

312This paragraph and the next two are based on Cynthia M. Leonard, ed., The General Assembly of Virginia, 1619-1978 (Richmond, Va., 1978); and files of the Alumnus. 313Alumnus, June, 1980, p. 19. 3l4Jbid.,June, 1986, p. 1. 315lbid., autumn, 1969, pp. 6, 7. 316The Talon, March 14, 1969, p. 3; HDN-R, June 21, 1973; March 28, 1974;Alumnus, Dec., 1974, p. 10. 317Alumnus, Oct., 1977, p. 4; Richmond Times-Dispatch, May 24, 1978. 318Frorn the files of the Alumnus. 319Alumnus, July, 1972, p. 4. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 649

John E. Bowman (B. A., 1941), executive director of the Council on International Educational Exchange, was cited by the United States and French governments for contributions in the field of his work.320 Bridgewater alumni of this period were authors, editors, and translators. Keith R. Crim (B. A., 1947), author of The Royal Psalms (1962), was one of the translators of the Old Testament portion (published in 1976) of the American Bible Society's Good News Bible, in today's English version; and he was the general editor of the fifth volume (Abingdon Press, 1976) of The Interpreter's Dictionary of the Bible, a standard reference work; also the translator of a number of books from German to English.321 Klaus G. Wust (Bridgewater student from West Germany, 1949-51) was the author of The Virginia Germans (1969), a book which won him an "Award of Merit" from the American Association for State and Local History. From the same association Clarence E. May (B. A., 1924) received a certificate of commendation for his book (1976) on the basin of North River of the south fork of the Shenandoah. 322 Franklin E. Huffman (B. A., 1955), an authority on southeast Asian languages, was the author of Cambodian and Vietnamese language textbooks; Donald E. Corbin (B. A., 1959), the co-author of textbooks on the French and Spanish languages; and R. Lowell Wine (B. A., 1941), the author of textbooks on statistics.323 John W. Boitnott (B. A., 1925) compiled a genealogy of the Boitnott and related families, and one of the Naff and related families; Harry A. Brunk (B. A., 1925), a genealogy of the Brunk and related families; Paul G. Kline (B. A., 1933), a genealogy of the Cline (Kline) and related families, and one of the descendants of Levi May; and J. David Wine (student, 1899- 1902), a genealogy (the third section) of the Wine family.324 Some other alumni authors, of the years 1964-80, were the following. Emmert F. Bittinger (B. A., 1945) wrote about the Church of the Brethren and persons connected with it; Harry A. Brunk (B. A., 1925) wrote a two-volume history of the Mennonites in Virginia; Mrs. William J. (Esther V. Pence) Garber (B. A., 1931), two books of reminiscences of her early years; John K. Gott (B. A., 1950), a history of the town of Marshall (Va.) and (with another writer) a history of Fauquier County (Va.) in the American Revolution; Agnes V. Kline (B. A., 1921), a book on old schools in the Linville Creek (Rockingham Co., Va.) area, and another book on stone houses in the same area; M. Ellsworth Kyger, Jr. (B. A., 1941), a three-volume English-Pennsylvania German dictionary; Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr. (B. A., 1965), writings on the English playwright and poet, Sir William S. Gilbert (1836-1911); David L. Miller (B. A., 1957), books on theology; Ray A. Neff (B. A., 1950), writings on the American Civil War and Abraham Lincoln; and William S. Ray (B. A., 1949), books in the field of psychology. Besides these, certain writers named in earlier chapters continued to produce works during the years 1964-80, and alumni in the academic world continued to have articles published in professional joumals.325 Some alumni wrote poetry, as well as prose. Other Bridgewater alumni were newspaper publishers and editors who received recognition for their work. Maurice K. Henry (B. A., 1936), owner and publisher of the Middlesboro (Ky.) Daily News, was elected president of the Kentucky Press Association in 1965. Ellen K. Layman (B. S., 1965), assistant managing editor of the Harrisonburg Daily News-

320HDN-R, May 24, 1988; Alumnus, Oct., 1988, p. 19. 321Alumnus, winter, 1976, p. 3; March, 1977, p. 3. 322Ibid., Jan., 1972, p. 4; Dec., 1977, p. 4. 323Partners, June, 1968, p. 2; Alumnus, May, 1971, p. 15. 324From the files of the Alumnus. 325From the files of the Alumnus, Partners, The Talon, and the HDN-R. 650 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Record, and winner of awards for her writing, was president of the Virginia Press Women, 1974-76, and a member of the board of directors of the National Federation of Press Women. 326 Among Bridgewater alumni prominent in Virginia educational circles were Richard C. Gordon (B. A., 1959), president of the Virginia Education Association throughout the calendar year 1973; Paul B. Sanger, Jr. (B. S., 1942), appointed state supervisor of music in Virginia in 1975; and G. Wilson Swartz (B. A., 1935), state supervisor of local and regional planning in the vocational education division of the Virginia State Department of Education, 1974-76.327 Bridgewater alumnus Charles P. Chew (B. A., 1933) was Director of Parole in Virginia for a number of years until 1974.328 Another alumnus, Clyde M. Henkel (B. A., 1966), was a member of the U.S. Court of Military Appeals in 1976, and William L. Forbes, a Bridgewater graduate (B. A., 1951), became judge for the First Judicial Circuit of Virginia in 1980. 329 Bridgewater alumni continued to be prominent in the field of agriculture. William D. Wampler (student, 1946-48) was appointed to the Federal Farm Credit Board in 1980, retiring in 1986 as its chairman. He had served as president of the Virginia State Poultry Federation and of the National Turkey Federation. Robert H. Horn (B. A., 1950) was a member of the Virginia State Board of Agriculture. Ira D. Layman, Jr. (B. A., 1938), was a member of the executive committee of the International Apple Institute. Joseph K. Scott (B. A., 1935) was awarded the American Farmer Degree by the Future Farmers of America national organization, as was Roland Z. Arey (student, 1939-40).330 Wilmer M. Kline (student, 1919-21) and his wife, Nora S. Harley Kline (student, 1920-21), owners of a modern dairy farm near Manassas, Virginia, were, at various times, hosts to delegations of agriculturists from Czechoslovakia, the Soviet Union, and the People's Republic of China; and in October, 1970, were hosts to Mrs. Ferdinand Marcos, wife of the president of the Philippines, and Mrs. Richard M. Nixon. Mrs. Marcos was interested in learning about rural electric cooperatives and their potential for her homeland.331 Charles W. Wampler, Jr. (student 1933-35), was president of the Virginia State Fair Association in the 1960's.332 Some alumni received recognition in the world of sports. Robert E. Richards (student, 1944-46), twice Olympic Games gold medalist in pole vaulting, was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame (in Charleston, W. Va.) in June, 1975. Raymond A. Bussard (B. A., 1954), aquatic director and swim coach at the University of Tennessee, was chosen by his peers in 1972 as national collegiate swim coach of the year. Donald L. Glick (B. A., 1948) was named to the Virginia Sports Hall of Fame in 1979 for his record as high school coach of basketball and track. 333 Warren D. Bowman, Jr. (B. A., 1950), a physician, was one of a four-man party that climbed Mt. McKinley, the highest mountain peak in North American (20,300 feet above sea level) in Alaska in the summer of 1968. 334 Some other alumni in various vocations were William Z. Cline (B. A.,1941), a professional fund-raiser for prestigious organizations; John C. Eller (B. A., 1941), made executive director

326Alumnus, April, 1965, p. 18; June, 1980, p. 20. 327Jbid ., Jan., 1973, p. 3; March-April, 1975, p. 3; winter, 1975, p. 6. 328Jbid ., May, 1974, pp. 23, 24. 329Jbid ., Sept., 1976, p. 3; Oct., 1980, p. 12. 330Frorn the files of the Alumnus. 331Alumnus, Jan., 1971, p. 4; June, 1977, p. 6. 332Jbid ., April, 1965, p. 16. 333Jbid ., May, 1972, p. 12; May, 1975, p. 17; March, 1987, p. 17. 334Jbid ., Dec., 1968, pp. 4, 5, 19. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 651

of the American Protestant Hospital Association in 1965; Benny D. Gunter (B. A., 1956), national president of the Interior Design Educators Council in the 1970's; Warren J. Huffman (B. A., 1937), president of the American Academy of Safety Education, 1970-71; James L. Keeler (B. S., 1957), member of the Council of the American Institute of Certified Public Accountants in the 1970's; and Klaus G. Wust (student, 1949-51), a simultaneous interpreter (and author), who coordinated the interpreting services at the winter Olympic Games at Lake Placid, New York, in early 1980.335 Winston 0. Weaver (B. A., 1947) in the 1970's was general supervisor of the construction of a children's hospital in Phnom Penh, Cambodia, under the auspices of World Vision International, an interdenominational "Christian organization dedicated to relief and development aid for the homeless and needy around the world."336 Some alumni who were prominent churchmen were Jesse H. Ziegler (B. A., 1935), executive director of the Association of Theological Schools in the United States and Canada, 1966-80, and editor of Theological Education (a quarterly), 1964-80; Harvey L. Huntley (B. A., 1936), president of the Southeastern Synod of the Lutheran Church in America, 1967-75; and Stanley R. Wampler (B. A., 1949), executive director of the Church of the Brethren's Shenandoah District, 1967-85, and president of the Virginia Council of Churches, 1974-76.337 Bridgewater alumni continued to be prominent in the organization and leadership of the Church of the Brethren. Raymond R. Peters (B. A., 1928) was moderator of the denomination's annual conference in 1967, as was M. Guy West (B. A., 1926) in 1968. Other alumni were moderators of the church's district conferences. Eighteen alumni served, at various times during the years 1964-80, on the denomination's General Board, whose general secretary (1968-77) was a Bridgewater alumnus, S. Loren Bowman (B. A., 1934). Harry K. Zeller, Jr. (B. A., 1936) and Raymond R. Peters were the successive chairmen of the board in the late 1960's. Other alumni served on the board's commissions, some as chairpersons; e.g., Mrs. Doris V. Cline Egge (B. A., 1946), elected head of the General Services Commission in 1978.338 S. Loren Bowman, W. Donald Clague, Earle W. Fike, Jr., Mrs. Arlene Ringgold May, DeWitt L. Miller, W. Harold Row, Stanley R. Wampler, M. Guy West, and Jesse H. Ziegler were Bridgewater alumni who, at various times during the years 1964-80, represented the Church of the Brethren on the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U. S. A., the church's yearbooks reveal. Bridgewater alumni were prominent, also, among Church of the Brethren representatives at the World Council of Churches assemblies. Harry K. Zeller, Jr., was one of the denomination's two delegates at the World Council's fourth assembly, held at Uppsala, Sweden, in 1968, and S. Loren Bowman was one of the two Church of the Brethren representatives at the World Council's fifth assembly, held at Nairobi, Kenya, in 1975. 339 Another Bridgewater alumnus, W. Harold Row (B. A., 1933), was the Church of the Brethren representative in the nation's capital in dealing with government leaders, and its agent in inter-church relations, 1969-71.340

335HDN-R, Jan. 18, 1980, p. 17; March 10, 1986, p. 9; Alumnus, May, 1974, p. 15; fall, 1975, p. 3. 336Alumnus, March, 1974, p. 5; Sept., 1976, p. 3. 3371bid., Dec., 1%7, p. 24; March 1974, p. 5; Dec., 1980, p. 23. 338From the CB yearbooks of the period. 339AnMM (1969), pp. 27, 28; (1976), pp. 150-55. 340The Brethren Encyclopedia, II, 1126.

Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 653

During the 1960's DeWitt L. Miller, Raymond R. Peters, and W. Harold Row, all representing the Church of the Brethren, participated in dialogues with representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church: Peters and Row in 1963; Miller and Row in 1967.341 R. Kennon Thomasson, another Bridgewater graduate (B. A., 1958), became the editor of the Church of the Brethren's monthly journal, Messenger, in 1979, after having been acting editor, 1977-79, and managing editor, 1974-77. At least nine more Bridgewater alumni entered into missionary work in foreign lands during the years 1964-80. For the Southern Baptist Church, Robert R. Compher (student, 1955- 57) and his wife were missionaries in South Vietnam, 1964-75, and beginning in 1975, in the Philippines. Eight other alumni, whose names, academic degrees (or years at Bridgewater), and years of missionary service are indicated below, represented the Church of the Brethren, most of them as teachers.342

Missionaries to Nigeria

Laura Mae Wine (1922-23), R. N. 1964-69. Wayne E. Spangler (B. A., 1953) and his wife, Carol Compton Spangler (B. A., 1956). 1965- 68. Donald N. Link (1950-52) and his wife, Nancy L. Moore Link (B. A., 1957). 1966-72. Robert C. Bowman (B. A., 1956). 1966-69.

Missionaries to Indonesia

Donald E. Fancher (B. A., 1958) and his wife, Doris E. Thompson Fancher (1950-52). 1970- 73.

Alumni in Graduate and Professional Schools

A significant number of Bridgewater graduates proceeded to graduate and professional schools. Those who earned certain higher degrees are named in an appendix near the end of this volume. During the period 1965-80, at least 84 Bridgewater graduates received the Ph.D. degree: 12 at the University of Virginia, eight at the Medical College of Virginia, five at the University of North Carolina, four at Duke University, four at the University of Georgia, four at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, three at Cornell University, three at Pennsylvania State University, three at the University of Maryland, and one or two at each of 33 other schools.343 Others, who began their college work at Bridgewater, but received their undergraduate degrees elsewhere, also earned Ph. D.'s. Forty of the 84 earned doctorates in the natural sciences, 12 in psychology, seven in education, five in history, five in theology, four in health and physical education, and one or two in each of various other fields. Twenty-five Bridgewater graduates, during the period 1965-80, earned the Ed. D. degree: 10 at the University of Virginia, the other 15 at 12 other schools.

341 Alumnus, Dec., 1963, p. 18; Dec., 1967, p. 23. 342From the files of the Alumnus, CB yearbooks, and The Brethren Encyclopedia, III (1984). 343The files of the Alumnus, BC alumni directories, the AlurnBF, and questionnaires sent to alumni are the sources of information on the higher degrees mentioned in this chapter section. 654 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Three Bridgewater graduates received special doctoral degrees as follows: Edward F. Bazzle (B. A., 1949), Psy. D. (doctor of psychology), from Brantwood Forest College (Essex, England) in 1974; Frank W. Lambert, Jr., (B. A., 1955), D. P. H. (doctor of public health), from the University of North Carolina in 1965; and Frank M. Williams (B. S., 1954), D. F. A. (doctor of fine arts) in music, from Florida State Ur.iversity in 1969. A study published in 1978 by the National Academy of Sciences revealed that, among the 1,956 four-year colleges and universities in the U. S. A. that were examined, Bridgewater ranked at the 75th percentile in the number of its graduates (157) who, during the years 1920- 74, earned Ph.D. or other third-level degrees. Since that percentile ranking was on the basis of the number of advanced degree recipients, without regard to the size of the institution, or the number of its graduates, it is obvious that, in proportion to its size, Bridgewater ranked high among undergraduate institutions as a source of persons who later earned doctorates. 344 A later study revealed that approximately one of every 26 Bridgewater graduates (on the average) during the years 1920-80 went on to earn a third-level doctoral degree.345 At least 33 Bridgewater gtaduates, 27 men and six women, earned the M. D. degree during the period 1965-80: 17 at the Medical College of Virginia, five at the University of Virginia, three at the University of Maryland, three at West Virginia University, and one at each of five other schools. Others who took some college work at Bridgewater but received no degree, also earned M. D.'s. Eight Bridgewater alumni during the years 1965-80 earned the D. V. M. (doctor of veterinary medicine) degree at the University of Georgia. Thirteen alumni during the same period became doctors of dental surgery. Nine earned the D. D. S. degree at the Medical College of Virginia, two at the University of Maryland, one at Georgetown University, and one at Ohio State University. Two other alumni during this period earned the 0. D. (doctor of optometry) degree. Thirty-seven Bridgewater graduates earned a law degree during the years 1965-80: six at the University of Virginia, four at Washington and Lee University, four at the University of Richmond, three at Wake Forest University, and one or two at each of 16 other schools. Others, who took some college work at Bridgewater, but did not graduate, also earned law degrees. A Bridgewater alumna, Melba Casey Pirkey (B. A., 1938), by studying on her own without going to law school, passed the Virginia bar examination in 1968 and became a practicing lawyer.346 At least 68 Bridgewater graduates, during the period 1965-80, earned degrees at theological schools. Forty-five of the 68 were graduated by Bethany Theological Seminary, four by Wesley Theological Seminary, three by United Theological Seminary, two by Eastern Mennonite Seminary, and one by each of 13 other schools. Most of the 68 received the B. D. or the M. Div. degree, but one the Th. D. and 14 the new D. Min. (doctor of ministry) degree.

The Board of Trustees When Wayne F. Geisert became Bridgewater's president in July, 1964, the college's board of trustees consisted of 35 members. Fourteen of the trustees were the elected representatives of the 14 single-trustee Church of the Brethren districts that then constituted the church's

344Lindsey R. Harmon, A Century of Doctorates: Data Analyses of Growth and Change, (National Academy of Sciences, Washington, D. C., 1978), pp. 143-51. 345Baccalaureate Origins of Doctorate Recipients from U.S. Universities, 1920-1980. Part I: Total Doctorates File (Commission on Human Resources, National Research Council), Jan., 1982; Alumnus, Oct., 1984, p. 9. 346Alumnus, April, 1969, p. 7. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 655

southeastern region in the U.S. A. The other 21 were trustees-at-large, elected by the trustee board itself. The president of the college continued to be an ex-officio member of the board. By October, 1980, however, there were 36 trustees, all elected by the trustee board. Only six of the 36 represented church districts (reduced in number from 14 to six). Twenty-seven others were trustees-at-large. Two others represented the college's alumni association, and the 36th trustee was the college's president (no longer ex-officio).347 The number of districts in the church's "Southeastern Region" in the nation was reduced from 14 to six during the years 1965-71. The Western Maryland, First West Virginia, and Second West Virginia districts were combined into the ''West Marva District" in 1965. In 1967, the Middle Maryland, Eastern Maryland, and Mardela districts were consolidated into the "Mid-Atlantic District," and the Northern Virginia and Second Virginia districts were combined into the "Shenandoah District." In 1967, also, the Eastern Virginia District was divided among the Mid-Atlantic, the Shenandoah, and the First Virginia districts. The North Carolina-South Carolina District and the Tennessee-Alabama District were combined into the "Southeastern District" in 1969, and the First Virginia and Southern Virginia districts were consolidated into the ''Virginia District" in 1971. Florida and Puerto Rico (no longer Florida and Georgia) constituted the sixth Church of the Brethren district in the southeastern portion of the nation by the 1970's. Each district, regardless of its geographical area or its church membership strength, had one representative on the trustee board, as nominated by the district and (since 1969) elected by the board.348 During the period 1964-80, records show, 73 men and four women served as trustees of the college, and 44 of the 77 were elected to the board during the 16-year period. Their names, years of service, and types of representation are indicated in an appendix near the end of this volume. The four women on the board during this period were Mrs. Ronald V. (Violet Siron) Cox, of Harrisonburg (Va.), elected in 1978; Ferne R. Hoover, of Timberville (Va.), a trustee, 1954- 70; Mrs. Russell J. (Arlene V. Ringgold) May, also of Timberville, a trustee since 1958; and Mrs. Barbara C. Stone, of Bassett (Va.), a trustee since 1979; all of them trustees-at-large. The trustees represented various vocations. In 1973, for example, 15 of the 36 trustees were business executives; 10 were educators; three, physicians; two, clergymen; two, farmers; one, a dentist; one, a lawyer; one, a state court judge; and one, a chemist. 349 Not all of the trustees of this period belonged to the Church of the Brethren. About 20 percent of them were members of other denominations. R. Douglas Nininger, of Salem (Va.), elected chairman of the trustee board in March, 1959, and re-elected annually, continued in that position until November, 1978, longer than any previous chairman. Upon his retirement, after 19 years as chairman and 35 years as board member, he was elected a life trustee and made chairman emeritus. "His dedication and commitment to Bridgewater, "President Geisert declared, "are of the highest order, and the value of the impact of his leadership with the board of trustees and the college during his many years of service is inestimable." His immediate successor as board chairman was Garland F. Miller, of Bridgewater (Va.), who served until November, 1985.350 The other officers of the board, during the years 1964-80, are named in an appendix near the end of this volume.

347c, Oct., 1964, pp. 115-16; Oct., 1980, p. 115. 348Reports with the TrM, Nov. 4, 1966; March 31, 1967; Nov. 1, 1968; Nov. 6, 1970. 349TrM, Nov. 3, 1973. 350President's report, 1977-78. See also TrM, March 7, 1959; Nov. 3, 1978; Nov. 1, 1985. 656 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

CHAIRMEN OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES

R. Douglas Nininger Garland F. Miller 1959-78 1978-85

On April 11, 1969, the board of trustees adopted an amended set of by-laws (effective immediately) which made some noteworthy changes. The board was again made a self- perpetuating body (as it had been from 1881 to 1904) that elected all of its members (for five- year terms), thus ending the choice (since 1924) of some of the trustees by Church of the Brethren districts. The board, however, could invite nominations of trustees by the church districts within the college's constituency, and the board could elect one trustee to represent each district. The board could invite nominations of trustees, also, by the college's alumni association, which was allowed, henceforth, two official representatives (with staggered terms) on the trustee board. (The alumni association had had representatives on the board, 1917-33.) Furthermore, at least five of the trustees were to be Bridgewater alumni. No person who had reached the age of 70 could be elected a trustee (nor could a faculty or staff member of the college, other than its president, be a trustee). The college's president (even though an employee of the board) was made a full-fledged trustee (in addition to the 35 other trustees), thus ending his long-standing ex-officio status (1904-69). He was made, furthermore, a member of all standing committees of the board and the "chief executive officer of the corporation." A "Committee on Educational Policy and Campus Life" and a "Committee on Development and Public Relations" were new standing committees established. Henceforth, the president of the board was to be called "chairman," and each of the two vice presidents, "vice chairman." The chairman of the board (instead of another member), henceforth, was to be chairman of the board's Executive Committee, and the college's treasurer and business manager was to serve as treasurer of the institution's board of trustees. Finally, the time of the board's "annual meeting" (at which officers were chosen) was changed from April to November.351

351 compare the Tr by-laws, April 6, 1963, with the Tr by-laws, April 11, 1969, in the PrO Papers. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 657

The Six Church of the Brethren Districts Having Representatives on the College's Board of Trustees in 1980

The map below is taken from the Church of the Brethren Directory for 1980 By 1980, the church's 14 districts in its Southern Region in the U.S. A. had been reduced to six: West Marva, Mid-Atlantic, Shenandoah, Virlina, Southeastern, and Florida-Puerto Rico. In Kentucky, Georgia, and Mississippi, there were no Church of the Brethren congregations in 1980. 658 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

The trustees' minutes reveal that, on April 11, 1969, the board elected Harold H. Hersch, a Bridgewater B. A. graduate (1951) and a lawyer of Manassas (Va.), as a trustee to represent the college's alumni association, and, on April 2, 1971, elected J. Paul Wampler, a Bridgewater B. A. graduate (1954) and a surgeon of Manassas, as the other trustee representative of the alumni. On April 12, 1969, the college's board of trustees adopted "Restated Articles of Incorporation of Bridgewater College" (a copy of them is an appendix in this volume), which the Virginia State Corporation Commission approved. Besides making the college's trustees again a self-perpetuating body, the restated articles eliminated the requirement (since 1924) that at least four-fifths of the institution's trustees must be members of the Church of the Brethren.352 The board made further changes and innovations by a revision of its by-laws adopted on April 4, 1975. It made the chairman of its Committee on Educational Policy and Campus Life the board's ''Vice Chairman for Educational Policy and Campus Life," and made the chairman of its Committee on Development and Public Relations the board's "Vice Chairman for Development and Public Relations," thus eliminating the offices of the first and second vice chairman. It provided that, in the absence or disability of the board's chairman, the vice chairman who was the senior in years of service on the board would act as board chairman. Furthermore, it combined the board's Committee to Nominate Trustees and the board's Committee to Nominate Board Officers and Advise on Standing Committees into a "Committee on Board Affairs," and it made the board's Committee on Endowment Investments and the board's Committee on the Buildings and Grounds, henceforth, sub- committees of the board's Executive Committee. It designated trustees emeriti, henceforth. as "Life Trustees," and established a category of "Honorary Trustees" (none in either class to be counted in determining the presence of a quorum). Upon the recommendation of its Committee on Board Affairs, the board, by affirmative vote of two-thirds of its members present, could elect trustees in either category. Any current or former trustee who had served two five-year terms or longer was eligible to be made a Life Trustee. Any "outstanding person" (normally not a current or former trustee) could be elected an Honorary Trustee. Trustees of both classes were to have the same rights and privileges as regular trustees, except the right to vote or hold office.353 The trustees' minutes reveal that, by October, 1980, the board had elected four persons honorary trustees: on October 31, 1975, Carman G. Blough, the first chief accountant of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: on November 5, 1976, George S. Aldhizer, II, lawyer and Virginia state senator, and Wilmer M. Kline, retired dairyman; and on November 4, 1977, Harry F. Byrd, Jr., U.S. Senator from Virginia. In August, 1968, the board of trustees accepted for the college the statement on academic freedom adopted jointly in 1941 by the American Association of University Professors and the Association of American Colleges.354 During these years, the college offered academic work to certain classes of persons at reduced rates. Its board of trustees approved in 1967 a 50 percent discount on tuition for as many as six semester hours of courses each semester for full-time pastors, and in 1976, a 50 percent reduction in basic tuition and audit fees for person 50 years of age or older, and a charge of only $25 a course for person 65 years or older (or 60 and retired) for auditing a

352See the papers with Charter 584, sec. 353Tr By-laws, April 4, 1975, as compared with the by-laws, April 11, 1969, and the by-laws, April 6, 1974; all among the PrO Papers. 354TrExCornM, Aug. 22, 1968. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 659 course, if class space was available. In 1968, it approved the practice of tuition remission for Bridgewater faculty members and/or their spouses in up to three semester hours of courses each semester.355 In 1968, the board authorized disability insurance coverage (at the college's expense), under a plan with the TIAA, for all full-time employees of the college, and formalized a sick leave policy.356 In 1975, the board voted to extend eligibility for participation in the college's TIAA-CREF retirement program to full-time secretarial and maintenance staff employees of the college (effective Jan. 1, 1976).357 In March, 1965, the board authorized the college's participation in the United Student Aid Fund, to assure Bridgewater students of the availability of loan funds at a six percent interest rate.358 In November, 1965, the board decided to establish a distinct annuity fund and to allow the college's president and treasurer to enter into annuity contracts, they to consult with the trustee board's president and/or Executive Committee if and when difficult problems arose.359 In November, 1968, the board approved pooling all endowment investments, except those that legally could not be.360 In October, 1969, the board established a Committee on Deferred Giving (John M. Kline, Jr., chairman) as a sub-committee of the board's Committee on Development and Public Relations.361 In October, 1969, the board authorized a club plan of annual giving to the college to stimulate financial support. Persons contributing, during a fiscal year, $1,000 or more would become members of a ''Benefactors Club"; those giving from $500 to $999 would constitute an "Investors Club"; and those contributing from $100 to $499 would be in the "Sustainers Club." Members of the Benefactors and Investors Clubs would be guests at an annual "President's Dinner" (the first one, at which David L. Holl and President Geisert were the main speakers, was held on October 16, 1970, in Kline Campus Center). Members of all giving clubs would be guests at the annual Founders' Day dinner and would receive complimentary admission to athletic and other college events.362 New giving clubs were added in October, 1977: a "Builders Club," for those contributing from $250 to $499 during a fiscal year (thus reducing the range of giving for Sustainer Club members); a "Founders Society," for those whose cumulative giving over the years totaled $100,000 or more; and a "President's Club," for those contributing $5,000 or more during a fiscal year. Those whose cumulative giving had reached $50,000 would become life members of the President's Club.363 In August, 1969, the board of trustees decided to convert the college's heating system from the burning of coal to the burning of oil (or natural gas, if and when it should become available), because of the increasing cost of coal, the difficulty of finding stokers, and local objections to smoke pollution of the air. The conversion was made during the winter of 1969

355TrM, April 1, 1%7; April 3, 1976; TrExCornM, Aug. 22, 1968. 356FacM, Feb. 16, 1968; TrM, April 6, 1968. 357TrExComM, Dec. 30, 1975. 3581bid., March 8, 1965. 359TrM, Nov. 6, 1965. 3~rM, Nov. 2, 1968. 361Alumnus, Feb., 1970, p. 2. 362TrM, Oct. 31, 1969. 363TrExComM, Oct. 19, 1977. °'0 THE COLLEGE'S TRUSTEES IN 1966

Members pictured include: First row: Harry A. Driver, John W. Boitnott, R. Douglas Nininger, James W. Moyers, Wayne F. Geisert. Second row: Charles D. Lantz, A. D. Miller, A. M. Horst, Ernest Spoerlein, Galen Fike, D. Wilmer Garber, Ferne R. Hoover, Lowell N. Layman. Third row: L. C. Moomaw, Robert McKinney, John A. Derr, Arlene R. May, Charles F. Kurtz, Henry C. Wyant, John M. Kline, John B. Wampler. Fourth row: Walter S. Flory, Garland F. Miller, H. G. Muntzing, S. D. Glick, Russell Miller, C. W. Wampler. Fifth row: Loren S. Simpson, Paul W. Petcher, Wesley W. Naff, Winston 0. Weaver, and Norman Seese. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 661

by Riddleberger Brothers, Inc., of Harrisonburg (Va.), at a cost of $127,500.364 Oil was still being used for heating at the college in 1980. The trustees, in 1968, voted to allow Kenneth Lambert to run a sewer line from his land across 800 feet of the college farm, to connect with the College Woods Drive sewer line, on the understanding that the college would have the right to connect lateral lines to the line.365 The trustees received from the college's alumni association, in the spring of 1965, a medallion (from an anonymous donor) for the college's president to wear on important occasions.366 In 1968, the trustees approved the development of a new official seal for the college, as recommended by a faculty-administrative committee.367 The new seal, shown and explained in an appendix near the end of this volume, was based upon the college's coat-of-arms, adopted in 1958. On March 31, 1967, President Geisert suggested to the trustees the establishment of a committee to find someone to write "a detailed history" of Bridgewater College's first 100 years (1880-1980), and such a committee (Dean John W. Boitnott, Professor Herman L. Horn, and Head Librarian Orland Wages) was appointed. In November, 1972, the trustees approved the committee's recommendation of a Bridgewater alumnus, Francis F. Wayland (B. A., 1930), to research and write "a definitive history" of the college. Dr. Wayland, a professor emeritus of history and political science of Wagner College, agreed to undertake the task and began work on the project in January, 1973. 368

Finances and Financial Support

The annual reports of the college's business manager and treasurer, for the first 16 years of President Geisert's administration (1964-80), reveal a steady increase in the institution's operating income and operating expenditures. Its operating income rose from $1,339,518.89 (1964-65) to $5,064,554.06 (1979-80). Its operating expenditures increased from $1,337,997.20 (1964-65) to $5,047,212.36 (1979-80). Those reports show, also, that the college was able to close each of the 16 fiscal years (1964-80) with a balanced budget. The figures, year by year, appear in an appendix near the end of this volume. During the same period, reports show, the college's total endowment fund grew from $677,527.86 (June 30, 1964) to $2,095,604.24 (June 30, 1980), and its total assets from $5,280,866.47 (June 30, 1964) to $17,530,452.32 (June 30, 1980). Figures on the endowment fund and total assets, year by year, appear in appendices near the end of this volume. In November, 1964, the college's trustees began to talk about another major fund-raising campaign. In 1967, they entered into a contract with a professional agency, Ketchum, Inc., to work with the college staff in organizing and executing a drive for a "90th Anniversary Fund: A Projection in Excellence." R. Douglas Nininger, chairman of the college's board of trustees, was made the campaign's general chairman; William Bowen was Ketchum's resident director and Joseph Wilson the associate director and public relations man. The campaign was

364-rrM, April 12, Oct. 31, 1969; April 4, 1970; TrExComM, Aug. 26, 1969. 365TrExComM, Aug. 22, 1968. 366Ibid., March 13, 1965; TrM, April 2, 1965. 367TrM, Nov. 2, 1968. 368TrM, March 31, 1967; April 12, 1969; Nov. 6, 7, 1970; April 2, 1971; Nov. 3, 1972; April 6, 7, 1973; W. F. Geisert to FFW, Dec. 27, 1971; Oct. 17, 1972; FFW to W. F. Geiser!, Jan. 1, 1972; Oct. 13, 1972. 662 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

launched in September, 1967, and was to run until June 30, 1971. The goal established was $1,250,000, and the challenge goal was $1,400,000.369 The drive received a major boost in 1970 from the combined gifts and pledges (totaling $300,018) of the John M. Kline family members, much of that amount due to the pledge to the college of valuable farm land by Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer M. Kline, of Manassas, Virginia. In the same year, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin 0. Wakeman, also of Manassas, also pledged valuable acreage, which eventually brought about $500,000 to the college. In 1971, Dr. and Mrs. Alvin E. Conner, of Manassas, gave the college a land tract having an assessed value of $150,000. The college's trustees contributed $181,105. These gifts and others totaled $1,524,742, exceeding the challenge goal ($1AOO,OOO), by June 30, 1971.370 The funds obtained from the campaign were used toward the amortization of the cost of Kline Campus Center, Moomaw Hall, the Rebecca Hall renovation, the new front to Cole Hall and the Cole Hall pipe organ, and the improvement of the athletic field. In the early 1970's, the college's trustees began to consider launching another major financial campaign. They engaged the consultant services of Robert E. Nelson Associates, Inc. (Elmhurst, Ill.), to help in the planning and fund raising. The new solicitation, to run until June 30, 1981, was called the "First Century Completion Fund" drive, and its goal was set at $8,000,000, with the slogan, "8 by '80." Official announcement of the new campaign, whose general chairman was James L. Keeler, was delayed until Founders' Day in ApriC 1975, by which time the college's trustees had contributed a nucleus fund of $1,000,000.371 The $320,000 commitment of Mr. and Mrs. Aubrey D. Miller, of Roanoke, Virginia, in 1974, gave the campaign a major boost, as did the $1,000,000 commitment (eventually about $4,000,000) of V. L. Frederick, owner of V. L. Frederick Contractors-Engineers, of Arlington, Virginia, in 1978. Other major contributors were Mr. and Mrs. R. Douglas Nininger, of Salem, Virginia; the Kresge Foundation ($100,000, a challenge grant); and the Jessie Ball duPont Religious, Charitable, and Educational Fund ($50,000). The college's trustees contributed $2,327,666; the Bridgewater alumni $3,557,694; businesses and foundations $1,741,079; churches $462,114; parents $369,608; and other friends of the college $2,092,582. (Some contributions are included in more than just one category.)372 The First Century Completion Fund drive exceeded its goal. By June 30, 1981, gifts and pledges totaled $8,223,779.373 The money raised was used not only for current operations, but also for debt retirement, additional endowment, purchase of new equipment, the Cole Hall addition, the Yount Hall renovation, improvement of the campus heat distribution system, and the classroom and swimming pool additions to the gymnasium. Many of the gifts to the college, during the years 1964-80, were in the form of real estate, which the college sold at favorable times. By deed made on December 29, 1966, Mrs. Minor M. Myers (Valley Virginia Miller Diehl Myers) transferred to the college, as a possible wildlife reserve, 95 acres of woodland near Port Republic, Virginia, in memory of her sister, Mareta 0. Miller, and her brother, Victor W. Miller.374 On January 17, 1967, Lucille L. Robertson conveyed to the college, through a gift annuity transaction, a house and lot in Roanoke, Virginia.375

369TrM, Nov. 7, 1964; April 2, Nov. 5, 1966; April 1, Sept. 22, 23, 1967; TrExComM, July 14, 1966; May 30, 1967. 370rrM, April 4, 1970; April 3, Nov. 6, 1971; TrExComM, May 23, 1971. 371TrM, Nov. 3, 1972; Nov. 3, 1973; April 5, Nov. 2, 1974; TrExComM, March 27, 1975. 372TrM, Nov. 2, 1974; Nov. 3, 1978; Alumnus, Oct., 1978, p. 1; Oct., 1981, p. 12. 373Alumnus, Oct, 1981, p. 1. 374rrM, Nov. 5, 1966; RCo DBk 346, pp. 470-71. 375TrExComM, Jan 10, 1973. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 663

In 1970, the college received, by the will of Earle D. Flory (son of Daniel C. Flory), 87 acres of land, on both sides of interstate highway 81, just north of Verona, Virginia. 376 In 1970, Mr. and Mrs. Wilmer M. Kline agreed to donate to the college about one-half of the John M. Kline farm (over 90 acres), located three miles south of Manassas, along Virginia state route 28.377 On July 29, 1970, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin 0. Wakeman agreed to convey to the college one-eighth interest in their 242-acre farm, two miles south of Manassas, along Virginia state route 28.378 In November, 1970, Mr. and Mrs. Frank H. Butterbaugh conveyed to the college two building lots in Highlands County, Florida.379 In 1971, Dr. and Mrs. Alvin E. Conner gave to the college a one-acre land parcel at the intersection of two highways near Manassas, Virginia.380 The college received the farm of Orville C. Flory (nephew of Daniel C. Flory), of near Stuart's Draft, Virginia, in 1971, in return for writing a gift annuity contract on the life of his widow.381 Mr. and Mrs. D. Wilmer Garber and Mr. and Mrs. J. Manley Garber deeded to the college, June 9, 1972, partial ownership of 3.913 acres of land near Harrisonburg, along Virginia state route 679.382 Mr. and Mrs. Harold H. Hersch gave to the college, December 27, 1972, partial ownership of nine acres of land at the intersection of two highways near Manassas, Virginia. 383 Mr. and Mrs. Lowell N. Layman and Mrs. Sara D. Boaz conveyed to the college by their respective deeds, May 11, 1973, partial ownership of 177.75 acres of land in Botetourt County, Virginia, between Cloverdale and Bonsack.384 In November, 1974, Mrs. Margaret K. Wine conveyed to the college 8.9 acres of land near Berryville, Virginia, in return for an annuity contract.385 Mr. and Mrs. Harold R. Kline deeded to the college, July 10, 1975, two land tracts (over 53 acres, with appurtenances) in the Linville Creek area of Rockingham County, Virginia, in return for a gift annuity contract.386 On September 1, 1975, Mr. and Mrs. Ralph 0. Compton conveyed to the college a house and lot in Arlington, Virginia, in return for a gift annuity contract.387 Mr. and Mrs. J. Manley Garber deeded to the college, October 13, 1975, a land tract of 4.85 acres in Prince William County, Virginia.388 Robert M. McKinney deeded to the college, November 18, 1977, a lot (with improvements) in Baltimore County, Maryland.389

376Alumnus, Jan., 1971, p. 4; TrExComM, July 26, 1972. 377TrM, April 4, 1970; Alumnus, April, 1970. p. 1. 378TrExComM, April 2, 1971. 379Ibid., June 5, 1975. 380Ibid., May 23, 1971. 381Ibid., Jan. 13, 1972. 382TrM, Nov. 3, 1972; TrExComM, Jan 10, 1973; RCo DBk 417, pp. 753-56. 383TrExComM, Jan 10, 1973. 384Ibid., Aug. 14, 1973. 385Ibid., Jan. 26, 1975. 3861bid., July 23, 1975; RCo DBk 450, p. 609. 387TrM, Oct. 31, 1975. 388TrExComM, May 18, 1976. 3891bid., Jan 28, 1978. 664 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

By deeds made during the years 1974-78, Mr. and Mrs. H. Gus Muntzing transferred to the college a number of tracts of land (226.1 acres in all) located chiefly in Hardy County (one in Pendleton County), West Virginia.390 John T. Glick, a former Bridgewater College faculty member and trustee, willed to the college his home in Bridgewater, as did Mrs. John D. Miller, widow of another former faculty member and trustee.391 As of June 30, 1980, the college had title to contributed marketable real estate worth approximately $1,065,000. "In addition, it had firm commitments of gifts of real estate worth approximately $900,000."392 Other gifts to the college, during the years 1964-80, came from the following sources: the Beazley Foundation, J. Ralph Bonsack, Pearle M. Boor, M. Miriam Bowman, Anna B. Caricofe, Mrs. Leonard C. Carter (in memory of her husband, for whom the Bridgewater College bookstore is named), Leta Garber, J. Maurice Henry, Mr. and Mrs. I. T. Hooker, Mr. and Mrs. Lester D. Hoover, Aubrey A. Houser, Howard E. Kline, Dr. and Mrs. Raymond F. Moore, Jr. (in memory of their daughter, Kathryn Leigh Moore), Louise Garst Showalter, Lera Wampler Miller Smith, Virginia West, William B. Yingling, and Harry H. Ziegler.393 This period witnessed growing financial support of the college by the Church of the Brethren congregations within the southeastern portion of the nation, that support increased from $36,511 (1963-64) to $70,150 (1979-80).394 Through the year 1969 (but not thereafter), the Church of the Brethren's headquarters continued to make an annual appropriation of $2,000 to each of the denomination's colleges to help defray operating expenses.395 The college continued to receive grants, from time to time, from businesses, corporations, foundations, and government agencies for various purposes. Bridgewater's annual share of the funds raised (for operating expenses) through the Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, records reveal, increased from $57,519 (1963- 64) to $151,655 (1979-80). Much financial support of the college came through the club plan of annual giving, initiated by the college's trustees in 1969, and expanded in 1977 (as detailed elsewhere in this chapter). Other financial support resulted from the annual telethon in the spring, beginning in 1970. Another section of this chapter deals with financial support of the college by its alumni.

Intercollegiate Arrangements and Memberships Bridgewater continued (since 1952) to be an active member of the Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, which was increasingly successful in its effort to raise funds for the operating expenses of the member schools. In 1971, Bridgewater's trustees endorsed the college's becoming a member of the newly established Council of Independent Colleges in Virginia (CICV), a non-profit, tax-exempt corporation, established (in 1971) to promote the general interests of the private colleges in

390-rrM, April 6, 1974; April 3, 1976; TrExComM, March 27, June 5, 1975; Sept. 24, 1976; May 19, July 13, 1977; Sept, 19, 1978. 391warren D. Bowman to Wayne F. Geisert, July 17, 1964, PrO Papers. 392ac self-study report (1980), pp. 99, 100. 393From the TrM, the Alumnus, and Partners. 394Annual reports to the Tr. 395Financial reports to the Tr. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 665

Virginia. Fund-raising was not one of its activities. Bridgewater's Dean Dale V. Ulrich was chairman of the council's teacher education committee, 1976-81. 396 Bridgewater continued its membership (since 1960) in the University Center in Virginia (until 1978). Among the center's services (for which there was an annual fee: $900 in 1960; increased thereafter) were a visiting scholars program, seminars at the University of Virginia and abroad, artmobile visits to college campuses, and a cooperative purchasing program for library materials and for scientific supplies and equipment.397 Through the University Center in Virginia, W. Robert McFadden, a Bridgewater professor of religion, participated in an eight-week seminar in India, in the summer of 1971, that included visits to Indian cities and conferences with Indian leaders to learn about the Indian peoples, their land, institutions, and culture. In December, 1972, and January, 1973, Bridgewater's Dale V. Ulrich, one of 20 chosen college academic deans in the U.S. A., participated in another such seminar in India.398 Bridgewater withdrew from membership in the University Center in Virginia in June, 1978, because of decline in membership of the center, problems concerning the availability of center speakers, and the fact that many of them came only to speak and not remain afterwards for questions and answers.399 During the summer of 1976, Bridgewater became a member of a consortium of small colleges (44 colleges in the mid-west, south, and east of the nation) to find ways of improving retention of students, of strengthening college admission programs, and of increasing student financial aid, a cooperative venture funded by the U.S. Office of Education. In April, 1980, Bridgewater hosted a meeting of representatives of the southern colleges to consider the problem of retention of students and career planning. 400 In November, 1972, Bridgewater's trustees approved the establishment of a dual degree engineering program with Georgia Institute of Technology, under which a student completing three years of prescribed courses at Bridgewater and two years at Georgia Institute of Technology would be awarded a B. A. degree by Bridgewater and one of several designated engineering bachelor degrees by the Georgia schooI.401 In the spring of 1980, the college entered into a cooperative arrangement with Rockingham Memorial Hospital (Harrisonburg, Va.) for the training of medical technologists. After three years of satisfactory study of prescribed courses at Bridgewater and one year in clinical training at the hospital, a student would receive a Bridgewater bachelor's degree with a major in medical technology.402 Bridgewater continued (since 1962) to cooperate with the other Church of the Brethren colleges in the Brethren Colleges Abroad (BCA) programs of undergraduate (junior year) study at European universities, sponsored by the denomination's Committee on Higher Education. Besides the programs already functioning at Philipps Universitat at Marburg in West Germany and at the University of Barcelona in Spain during the 1972-73 session, and, in the fall of 1978, another program at the College of St. Paul's and St. Mary's at Cheltenham,

396rrM, April 3, No. 6, 1971. 397By-laws of the University Center in Virginia. 398Alumnus, July, 1971, p. 4; Nov., 1972, p. 8; May, 1973, pp. 5-7. 399wayne F. Geisert to Kenneth R. Erfft, June 9, 1978, PrO Papers; FacAdmComM, Julyll, 18, 1978; Ray N. Andes to FFW, Sept, 15, 1983. 400TrM, Nov. 6, 1976; Nov. 3, 1979; President's Cabinet minutes, March 3, 1980. 401 FacM, Oct. 24, 1972; TrM, Nov. 3, 1972. 402TrM, April 11, 1980. 666 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

England, designed primarily for prospective elementary and kindergarten teachers. All of those programs attracted Bridgewater students. 403 Since 1967, Bridgewater has cooperated with Elizabethtown College and Juniata College in hosting, on a rotating basis, a summer extension school for Bethany Theological Seminary. During the first 16 years of the Geisert presidency, such a school (for ministers and lay church workers) was conducted at Bridgewater during the summers of 1967, 1970, 1973, 1976, and 1979. Donald L. Glick, Floyd H. Mitchell, Harold S. Moyer, David L. Rogers, Robert L. Sherfy, and Guy E. Wampler, Jr., were Bridgewater alumni who, at various times during the years 1964-80, served on the seminary's board of directors. W. Robert McFadden, of the Bridgewater faculty was also on the board (1964-69, 1974-79) during the period here under review.404 The Shenandoah Valley Independent College Library Cooperative (since 1974), of which Bridgewater is a member, is treated elsewhere in this chapter. Bridgewater continued to be a member of the Association of Virginia Colleges, Association of American Colleges, and the American Council on Education. It also remained a member, in good standing, of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools.

Self-Study, Inspection, and Reaccreditation In the fall of 1969, the members of the faculty and administrative staff, under the leadership of a steering committee headed by President Geisert's assistant, Dale E. Mekeel, undertook another study and evaluation of the college's purpose, organization and administration, educational program, faculty, library, student services, physical plant, and financial resources in preparation of the required decennial report to the college's accrediting agency, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and had the report ready to submit by November, 1970. A student or two served on each of the study committees.4°5 A committee of the Southern Association visited the college January 31 to February 3, 1971,406 and, after its inspection, made a report that resulted in Bridgewater's reaccreditation on December 1, 197J.4CY7 The committee found that instruction at Bridgewater was, "as a whole, superior" and "effective," and that "student interest and diligence toward instruction" were "above average"; that the record of retention of faculty members was "excellent"; that the college's program of fringe benefits, including a sound retirement plan, was "an excellent one"; that "Although Bridgewater is primarily a teaching institution, there has been historically a surprisingly large amount of research carried on by the faculty"; that "Academic freedom in research, as well as in the classroom, is one of the strong points of the college."408 The committee, however, recommended that the college appoint another professional librarian and make the head librarian a member of the college's Council on Education; give faculty members written notice when they achieve tenure; expend more effort in recruiting minority group students, faculty and administrative staff members; continue to increase its endowment fund, faculty and administrative staff salaries, the library's holdings, and health service personnel; develop a more comprehensive statement of criteria for evaluating faculty

403TrM, Nov. 6, 1971; Nov. 5, 1977; Alumnus, July, 1972, p. 2; Oct., 1977, p. 5; March, 1978, p. 3. 4CJ4nie seminary's catalogues; extension school announcements; CB yearbooks. 405TrM, Oct. 31, 1969; Nov. 7, 1970. Institutional Self-Study Report, Bridgewater College, Bridgewater, Va., 1970; typescript (300 pp.); AMML. 406rrExComM, Jan. 5, 1971. 4CY7Bc president's annual report, 1971, p. 10. 408visiting committee's report, 1971; typescript (53 pp.); PrO Papers. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 667

performance and give faculty members written notice of it; and give the superintendent of buildings and grounds more assistance.409 On all of these recommendations, the college took effective action. In the fall of 1979, the college, under the leadership of a steering committee headed by President Geisert's executive assistant, Ben F. Wade, began another self-study and evaluation, in application for reaccreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and had the report ready to submit by November, 1980. 410 A committee of the Southern Association visited the college, March 8-11, 1981, and, after its inspection, made a report that resulted in Bridgewater's reaccreditation on December 8, 1981.411 The committee commended the college on the dedication and quality of its faculty, and the number engaged in research; on its "well organized business management structure," and its capable and dedicated personnel; on the "spirit of freedom of discussion and inquiry" prevailing on the campus; on its excellent program of "extra-class activities"; and on its outstanding program of intramural and recreational sports.412 The committee, however, recommended, among other things, reducing the teaching loads of some other department heads, besides the few then having a reduction; stating in the Faculty Handbook the procedures safeguarding faculty due process; expanding the college's Placement Service and integrating it with the Career Planning Office and having both administered under the auspices of the Dean for Student Development.413 The college complied with the recommendations it regarded as valid; some (not mentioned above) it considered not to be justified.414

Properties Purchased Near the Campus

During the years 1964-80, the college purchased various properties near the campus, among them the following: in 1965, the house and lot (and an extra lot) on East College Street (beyond College View Drive) from Fred J. Wampler; in the same year, on the same street, the Thomas J. Will property (house and lot, and an extra lot), both properties formerly owned by Mrs. Mary Y. Pence.415 In 1965 the college also bought, on the eastern outskirts of the town of Bridgewater, along State Route 1308, the Homer P. Shaver property, an eight-room brick house and 15 acres of land, from his widow, Emma S. Shaver.416 In 1969, the college bought of Mary A. Miller, widow of N. J. Miller, a land parcel (60 feet by 175), along East College Street, adjacent to the tennis court, near the old gymnasium.417 In 1972, the college purchased the house and lot of Byron M. Flory (son of Daniel C. Flory) at 111 East College Street. 418

4091bid. 4l°'frM, Nov. 3, 1978. Instutional Self-Study Report, 1980; typescript (270 pp.); AMML. 411 Alumnus, March, 1982, p. 12; TrM, April 2, 1982. 412visiting committee's report, 1981; typescript (45 pp.); PrO Papers. 413Jbid. 4l4Bc response to the committee's report, Nov. 17, 1981; typescript (10 pp.); PrO Papers. 415TrExComM, June 16, 1965; RCo DBk 332, pp. 537, 538. 41fi-rrExComM, June 16, 1965; RCo DBk 332, p. 535. 417TrExComM, Aug. 22, 1968; RCo DBk 384, pp. 563-64. 418TrM, Nov. 5, 1971; RCo DBk 406, p. 237 668 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

In 1972 the college also bought 1the Charles C. Wright house and lot at 307 East College Street and two land tracts (about .75 acre) on the rear side from his widow, Ethel Bowman Wright.419 In 1973, the college's trustees authorized the purchase of the Walter A. Myers house and lot at 311 East College Street; also additional land (.5 acre) on the rear side of his lot. 420 In 1976, the college purchased from Mr. and Mrs. Edgar L. Manges the house and lot at 313 East College Street, formerly owned by Mr. and Mrs. N. J. Miller.421 By 1979-80, the college owned 125 acres of land, including the campus and other properties, mostly within the town limits of Bridgewater.422

The College's Farms

In the 1960's, the college's farm adjoining the campus consisted of "40 acres of tillable land and 45 acres of blue grass pasture, a herd of 44 cows and 40 replacement heifers."423 The performance of the dairy herd resulted each year, 1964-68, in an average net profit of over $11,000. The milk was sold to Shenandoah's Pride Dairy for processing, and then resold to the college's cafeteria. 424 During the years 1963-83, when Lowell A. Miller, the college's business manager and treasurer, was the farm's supervisor, the farm was operated by Warner J. Simmers, who leased the farm in certain years. 425 "To many of the students here, especially those from foreign countries," Sheri Reeves wrote in 1980, "the Simmers house has been a home away from home." Many students went there "to ask for anything from materials needed for college projects and Christmas decorations to hammers and saws."426 The farm was an attraction and place of interest to a number of Bridgewater students. "... a lot of city kids like corning to the farm," Mr. Simmers commented; "as for the country kids, the farm makes them feel right at home. A lot of times, students walk over, saddle up a pony, and help bring the cows in."427 When one of the farm's mares was ready to foal, word leaked out to some of the students. "On the night the foal was to be born," Mr. Simmers reported, "there must have been 20 sleeping bags over in the barn. When the colt came, it just thrilled the kids."428 The barn and outbuildings were handy for numerous student projects, especially the making of floats for Homecoming Day parades. Because of the growing student population, the college moved "Farmer Simmers" and his wife to another house in the town, and put 14 college girls in the farm house.429

419TrM, April 7, 1972; RCoDBk 406, pp. 235-36. 420rrM, April 7, 1973; RCo DBK421, pp. 641-42. 421TrExComM, Feb. 11, 1976; RCo DBk 483, p. 582. 422nc Self-Study Report (1980), p. 192. 423TrM, April 6, 1968. 424Business manager's annual reports to the BC trustees. 425Alumnus, Dec., 1980, p. 6; The Talon, May 15, 1980, p. 3; HDN-R, Sept, 24, 1984. 426The Talon, May 15, 1980, p. 3. 427Nancy Taylor in Alumnus, Dec., 1980, p. 6. 428Ibid. 429Ibid. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 669

In 1968, the college's trustees decided to discontinue the dairy operation on the farm adjoining the campus, but to continue to raise grain and graze heifers there. 430 During the summer of 1968, the dairy herd was moved to a 214-acre farm, partly in Rockingham County, but mostly in Augusta County, three miles southwest of Bridgewater. The college purchased the farm in 1968 from Mr. and Mrs. Andrew H. Gitchell for $185,650: $125,000 for the land and buildings; $45,000 for the livestock; and $15,650 for the farm machinery, equipment, and produce.431 In July, 1968, Lowell A. Miller moved his family to the Gitchell farm to supervise its dairy operations, which included then a basic milk herd of 63 cows and 17 heifers. The dairy operation not only supplied the college's needs, but also yielded to the college's endowment fund, each year, an average net profit of slightly over $25,000.432 Because of growth in real estate values and inflation of operating costs, the college sold the Gitchell farm in November, 1973, to John B. Wampler and C. F. Weaver, for $308,500: $213,500 for the real estate; $60,000 for the livestock; and $35,000 for the machinery. The college's operation of the farm ceased on March 31, 1974.433

Buildings and Grounds

The presidency of Wayne F. Geisert witnessed the construction of new campus buildings, the renovation of old ones, and other needed improvements. Heritage Hall, a new men's dormitory, largely constructed during Warren D. Bowman's presidency (and described in the preceding chapter), came into use in September, 1964, two months after President Geisert assumed office. Dillon Hall, a new women's dormitory for 168 students and a resident director was built by the Nielsen Construction Company of Harrisonburg in 1965-66, at a cost (including furnishings, landscaping, etc.) of approximately $604,000. It was financed by the sale of bonds. A three-story brick building (168 feet by 75) above a basement level, it stands along the south side of Dinkel Avenue (and facing it), just east of Daleville Hall.434 The dormitory was named for John Benton Dillon, his brother, William Burton Dillon, and their father, John Henry Dillon, benefactors of Bridgewater College and residents of Bassett, Virginia.435 The building came into use in September, 1966, but was not dedicated until March 31, 1967. The memorial plaque was unveiled by Mrs. Judith Nolen Henneberger, a grandniece of John Benton and William Burton Dillon.436

43CJ.rrM, April 6, 1968. 431TrM, April 6, 1968; PrO Papers (farm folder); RCo DBk 359, pp. 449-52. 432TrExCornM, Aug. 22, 1968; Partners, Sept., 1968, p. 3. 433TrM, Nov. 2, 1973; April 6, 1974; TrExCornM, Aug. 14, 1973; Jan. 28, 1974; RCo DBk 429, p. 633. 434rrExCornM, Sept. 4, 1965; TrM, Nov. 6, 1965; April 2, Nov. 5, 1966. 435TrM, Nov. 5, 1966. 436rrM, Nov. 5, 1966; April 1, 1967; Partners, Feb., 1967, p. 1. Professor Oarence E. May, of the Bridgewater faculty, wrote the inscription for the Dillon Hall plaque, and for the plaques for four other Bridgewater buildings: the library, Bowman Hall, Heritage Hall, and Wright Hall. DILLON HALL

Built in 1965-66. Named for John Benton Dillon; his brother, William Burton Dillon; and their father, John Henry Dillon; benefactors of Bridgewater College. A women's residence hall. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 671

To accommodate the increased student enrollment, the college converted space in some of the college-owned houses near the campus, and on the basement levels of some of the existing dormitories (Blue Ridge, Dillon, Heritage, and Wright), into rooms for resident students. In the spring of 1968, the columned front porch and steps to Cole Hall were removed, and, in the fall of the same year, Cole Hall was given a new front, largely of glass, with steps inside.437 Kline Campus Center, a two-story brick structure (189 feet by 132) above the basement level, was built by the Nielsen Construction Company, of Harrisonburg, in 1968-69, at a cost (including equipment, furnishings, and landscaping) of approximately $1,600,000. The project was financed by bank loans (one for $850,000, at a 6.5 percent interest rate, payable over a 15- year period); also about $192,000 from student reserve fees, and about $260,000 from the 90th Anniversary Fund. The building, air conditioned, is located between Cole Hall and Rebecca Hall, and is connected with those structures by enclosed breezeways. It was dedicated on April 3, 1970, and at a later date a memorial plaque was placed in the building.438 The campus center building was a much-needed facility. On its main floor are an information center, a reception area, the main dining hall, kitchen, art display room, the "President's Dining Room, "and cloak rooms; on its lower level, the bookstore, post office, snack shop ("The Eyrie"), TV lounge, billiard room, faculty-alumni lounge, dance and party area, and an outside patio; on the second floor, offices for the campus center's director, the center's executive program council, the Student Senate, the student publications, conference and workrooms. The reception and dining areas were put into use in the spring of 1969; the rest of the building in September of the same year.439 The college's trustees named the building "Kline Campus Center," in memory of Elder John Kline (1797-1864), "farmer, physician, and free-will minister'' in Rockingham County, Virginia, "martyred during the War between the States, because of his impartial ministrations to persons on both sides of that conflict"; and in memory of his grandnephew, John M. Kline, and his wife, Hattie E. Kline; and in appreciation of "the generous benefactions to the college" of their children, and "in recognition of that larger Kline family which has been identified with Bridgewater College in numerous constructive ways throughout the college's history.11440 The successive directors of Kline Campus Center (until the 1980's) were Brian C. Hildebrand, 1969-70; Charles H. Scott, 1970 (July-Dec.); Richard M. Bellows, 1971-73; Linda G. Fleishman, 1973-75; Suzanne Straub, 1975-77; and Brian C. Hildebrand, 1977-85. 441 Moomaw Hall, the home economics building at Bridgewater, was erected in conjunction with the renovation of Rebecca Hall, constructed in 1928-29 as a dining hall (main floor) and women's dormitory (second floor). It was connected with the back (east) side of Rebecca Hall, so that the Horne Economics Department could use some of the space and facilities within Rebecca Hall. Work on the two buildings was done by the Nielsen Construction Company, of Harrisonburg, in 1968-69, at a cost (including equipment, furnishings, and landscaping) of slightly more then $500,000. The cost was financed by money ($140,500) raised by women of the Church of the Brethren's Southeastern Region, a gift from Mr. and Mrs. Leland C. Moomaw, a U.S. government grant ($107,000), and bank loans. The new and renovated

437Partners, June, 1968, pp. 1,4; Sept., 1968, p. 2. 438TrM, April 2, Nov. 6, 1965; April 1, 1966; April 1, 1967; Oct. 31, 1969; April 4, 1970; TrExCornM, Feb. 3, 1966; Sept. 14, 1967; Feb. 15, Aug. 22, 1968; Partners, June, 1968, pp. 1, 4. 439Partners, Feb., 1969, p. 3; FacAdmComM, March 14, 1969. 440yrM, April 3, 1970; Alumnus, April, 1970, p. 1; Sept., 1970, front cover; quotations are from the memorial plaque in the building. 44l From the TrM, the files of the Alumnus, and BC catalogues. KLINE CAMPUS CENTER

Constructed in 1968-69. Located between Cole Hall (on the right side) and Rebecca Hall (on the left side), and connected with those buildings by enclosed breezeways. Put in use in 1969. Named in memory of Elder John Kline (1797-1864) and his grandnephew, John M. Kline, and his wife, Hattie E. Kline, and in recognition of the benefactions of their children. MOOMAW HALL

Constructed in 1968-69. Joined to the back side of Rebecca Hall. Named for Leland C. Moomaw and his wife, Nina Kinzie Moomaw, benefactors of Bridgewater College. The home economics facility. 674 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

facilities, air conditioned, were dedicated on April 3, 1970, after having come into use in 1969.442 Moomaw Hall, a two-story brick structure (69 feet by 90), was named for Leland C. Moomaw and his spouse, Nina Kinzie Moomaw, benefactors of Bridgewater College and residents of Roanoke, Virginia. Their portraits, done by Robert B. Stevens, of George Washington University, hang today on the wall inside the front entrance to the building named for them. 443 Moomaw Hall has classrooms, laboratories, faculty offices, and other facilities for the Horne Economics Department. Its spacious living room is dedicated to S. Ruth Howe, department chairman, 1945-66, whose portrait hangs in that room. In its dining room is a plaque in tribute to Elder and Mrs. William E. (Annie Bucher) Roop. In the ladies' lounge is a plaque in memory of Mr. and Mrs. Irvin D. Driver, placed there by their daughters. At the front desk is a plaque in memory of Tolbert F. Lawyer. The Horne Economics Department uses the kitchen area of renovated Rebecca Hall as its foods laboratory, and a section of that building's second floor for its home management unit, which includes two apartments for students and one for the supervising instructor. The new location of the home management unit enabled the use, for some years, of its old location (the Charles W. Roller house, since 1941) by the Philosophy and Religion Department. Renovated Rebecca Hall was put to other uses. The major portion of its large dining room was made into a multi-purpose room (renamed the "Boitnott Room" in 1988), for meetings, receptions, lectures, and film showings. The rest of the dining area is used as classroom and office space for the Art Department, which was also given more space on the basement level of the building. The second floor is used for faculty offices, the chaplain's office, and the campus radio station, besides the Horne Economics Department's area. The year 1970 witnessed the removal of four buildings from the college grounds: East Hall, in front of Moomaw Hal~ "The Cottage," back of Kline Campus Center; the Apartment House, along East College Street, opposite the President's House; and the George B. Flory House (the "Administration Annex," since 1963), along East College Street, opposite Yount Hall.444 The decision to remove the George B. Flory House caused the college's business office to move from that building to the basement level of Memorial Hall, vacated when the college's bookstore and snack shop were moved to the Kline Campus Center's basement level. It also induced the college's offices of development, alumni relations, church relations, and public information to move from the George B. Flory House (in Jan., 1970) to the basement level of Wardo Hall (now the west end of Flory Hall).445 The infirmary, in East Hall since 1947, was moved to several rooms on the basement level of Blue Ridge Hall.446 The removal of East Hall and ''The Cottage" cleared those areas for the making of parking lots (in 1970 and 1971) in front of Moomaw Hall and back of Kline Campus Center and Cole Hall.447

442TrExComM, Feb. 3, 1966; Oct. 4, 1968; Dec. 22, 1969; TrM, Oct. 31, 1969; April 4, 1970; Alumnus, April, 1970, p. 2. 443TrM, March 7, 1959; Nov. 2, 1968; Alumnus, Dec., 1968, pp. 1,2. 444rrM, April 4, 1970; The Talon, Feb. 13, 1970, p. 8; Alumnus, Nov., 1970, p. 17. 445Partners, Feb., 1968, p. 4; June, 1968, pp. 1,4; Sept., 1968, p. 2; Feb., 1969, p. 3; Alumnus, Dec., 1968, p. 1; autumn, 1969, p. 9; Inside College Relations, Jan. 9, 1970, p. 1. 446FacAdmComM, Oct. 19, 1970. 447TrM, April 4, Nov. 7, 1970; April 3, 1971; Alumnus, Nov. 7, 1970, p. 17; The Talon, Oct. 1, 1971, p. 1. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 675

EAST HALL

Located back of Rebecca Hall. Erected in 1947; removed in 1970.

THE GEORGE B. FLORY HOUSE

The George B. Flory House (removed in 1970) was the "Administration Annex," 1963-70. It was located on the northeast side of East College Street, opposite Yount Hall. Known for many years as "The Red House," the building was later painted white. THE APARTMENT HOUSE, 1921-70

The Apartment House, completed and put into use in 1921, and occupied by faculty members for many years, was removed in 1970. It was located along East College Street between the Roller House and the Boitnott House. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 677

At various times during the years 1964-80 it was necessary to install, replace, and repair heat lines connecting various buildings on the campus.448 Other improvements were made. New cement walks connecting the campus buildings were laid. Lamp posts, like those in the parking lots, were installed along the walks on the campus mall. The aerial electric lines behind Yount, Memorial, Founders' and Wardo halls were put underground.449 In April, 1970, the Bridgewater trustees authorized long-needed improvements in the college's athletic field, called Riverside Field since 1929. The new improvements, made in 1970 and 1971, at a total cost of about $87,000, included a six-lane, quarter-mile, all-weather track encircling the football gridiron, and a relocated baseball diamond, as well as fields for hockey, lacrosse, and softball. The adequate drainage system installed ended the necessity of canceling track and field meets during wet spells. The field was newly graded, surfaced, seeded, sodded, and fenced along the river road; and an irrigation system was installed. 450 In September, 1971, the college's trustees voted to rename the improved facility "Harry G. M. Jopson Field," in tribute to the college's coach of track and field since 1937, coach of cross- country since 1938, and biology professor since 1936. The dedication ceremony was held before the football game on Homecoming Day, October 9, 1971.451 The first and second floors of Memorial Hall, the Music Department's quarters, underwent major renovation during the summer of 1971, with the installation of new lighting, fireproofing, new radiators, new practice rooms, and carpeting, besides new painting.452 In August, 1973, the college's trustees authorized the construction of a two-story addition at the east end of Cole Hall; also the purchase and installation of a new pipe organ in Cole Hall auditorium, and a tracker organ in Memorial Hall. Work on the addition was begun early in 1974, by the Robert G. Reeves Construction Company, of Bridgewater, and was completed during the summer of the same year. The addition (41 feet by 25) provided a larger stage area and more storage space back of it. Other improvements were made: better stage lighting and a new sound system, a new movie screen and stage curtain, new carpets and seats in the auditorium, and air conditioning; all at a total cost of about $280,000.453 Robert S. Baker, director of the Institute of Sacred Music, Yale University, performed the dedicatory recital on the new 51-rank pipe organ (built by the M. P. Moeller Co., of Hagerstown, Md.) in Cole Hall on April 20, 1975. At the dedication, Dr. and Mrs. Alvin E. Conner, donors of the $100,000 organ, were honored, as was Mrs. Ruth Weybright Stauffer, teacher of piano and organ at Bridgewater since 1927.454 During the summer of 1975, the outside basement patio adjacent to Rebecca Hall was covered and enclosed, to provide more space for the Art Department.455 Yount Hall was retired from use as a dormitory in the fall of 1975. Rejecting the original suggestion of the architect that the building be removed, the college's trustees decided, in November, 1976, on the recommendation of the administration, to convert Yount Hall into an office and classroom facility. During the year 1977, the structure's interior underwent extensive renovation, most of the work being done by the college's maintenance staff, under the direction of Paul V. Phibbs, superintendent of the buildings and grounds. Walls between

448TrM, Nov. 5, 1966; Nov. 2, 1974; April 3, 4, 1981; TrExComM, July 24, 1978; FacM, Dec. 19, 1978. 449TrM, Oct. 31, 1969; The Talon, Sept. 12, 1979, p. 5; President Geisert's newsletter, Oct., 1979, p. 2. 450rrM, April 4, 1970; April 3, Nov. 6, 1971; TrExComM, July 24, 1970. 451TrM, Nov. 5, 6, 1971; Alumnus, Nov., 1971, p. 1. 452TrM, April 3, Nov. 6, 1971. 453TrExComM, Aug 14, 1973, TrM, Nov. 3, 1973; Alumnus, Dec., 1973, p. 8. 454TrM, Nov. 2, 1974; Alumnus, Dec., 1974, p. 6; May, 1975, p. 9. 455TrM, April 5, 1975; April 3, 1976. 678 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

dormitory rooms were removed; new electric wiring, plumbing, heating, and air conditioning facilities were installed; and the floors were carpeted. By the fall of 1977, the college's admissions office had been moved to the first floor of Yount Hall from the basement of Founders' Hall, the financial aids and career planning offices to the second floor, and the offices and classrooms of the foreign languages department to the third floor. The Yount Hall driveway and parking area were moved to the west side of the building (toward Memorial Hall), because of the prospective enlargement of the gymnasium. 456 The years 1979 and 1980 witnessed additions to the Alumni Gymnasium: a swimming pool, constructed on the side of the building next to Yount Hall; three classrooms, offices, locker rooms and other facilities, built on the front side of the building; and the long-delayed completion of work on the building's basement level, on which are handball courts, a mat room, a weight-lifting room, a physiology laboratory, locker rooms, and other facilities. The total cost for that work (by the Nielsen Construction Company, of Harrisonburg) and for the engineering services, hydraulic lif~ equipment, pumps, controls, etc. for the swimming pool (provided by the AFW Company of North America) was about $1,600,000, financed by the sale of bonds. The Kresge Foundation, however, provided $100,000, and the Jessie Ball duPont Religious, Charitable, and Educational Fund $50,000.457 The swimming pool, its depth ranging from 14 feet to four, is 25 meters long and 45 feet wide, with six lanes. An unusual feature is the vertically movable portion (45 feet by 40) of the pool's floor (at the shallow end), which may be raised to the water's surface and be adjusted in depth, so as to accommodate wheel-chair, handicapped, and elderly persons, and small children of the community who might want to use the facility. The pool has an observation window that enables instructors and students to observe stroke movements and racing turns; also an underwater sound device to enable communication with swimmers beneath the water's surface.458 The college made the gymnasium's expanded recreational facilities (ready for use by September, 1980) available at convenient times to people of the community at a nominal cost, and, at times, offered free Saturday morning swimming to community children.459 In 1981, the Alumni Gymnasium was renamed "Nininger Hall Health and Physical Education Center," in honor of R. Douglas Nininger and his wife, Ruth Miller Nininger (benefactors of the college), and the Benjamin F. Nininger family. The enlarged and renamed structure was dedicated on commencement day, May 31, 1981. 460 Wakeman Hall, a new dormitory capable of housing 102 students and a resident director, was built by the Nielsen Construction Company of Harrisonburg in 1979-80 to replace Wardo Hall, in use as a men's dormitory since 1910. A two-story brick structure (84 feet by 74) above the basement level, it faced eastward along the north side of Dinkel A venue, opposite Dillon Hall. The cost (including furnishings and the adjacent parking area) was nearly $1,300,000, financed by the sale of bonds. The dormitory was constructed so as to enable its conversion into apartments for married students with a minimum of expense. Completed in December, 1980, occupied in January, 1981, and dedicated in the following November, the structure was named for Benjamin 0. Wakeman and his wife, Crystal L. Driver Wakeman (niece of the college's founder), benefactors of the college.461

456Alumnus, fall, 1975, p. 1; June, 1977, p. 18; Dec., 1977, p. 2; Trm, Nov. 6, 1976; April 2, 1977; TrExComM, July 13, 1977. 457TrExComM, June 12, Sept 26, 1978; Jan 6, 1979; TrM, Nov. 6, 1976; April 1, 1978; Nov. 3, 1979; April 11, Nov. 8, 1980; Alumnus, June, 1977, p. 16; Oct., 1980, p. 8; Dec., 1980, p. 15; June, 1981, p. 3. 458Alumnus, , Oct., 1980, p. 1. 459lbid., Dec., 1980, p. 15. 460yrExComM, April 2, 1981; TrM, April 3, 1981; Alumnus, June, 1981, p. 3. 461TrExComM, April 2, 1971; June 12, 1978; Jan. 6, Aug. 17, Dec. 5, 1979; TrM, Nov. 3, 1979; April 3, 1981; Alumnus, March, 1980, p. 4; March, 1981, pp. 1, 10; Dec., 1981, p. 1. NININGER HALL HEALTH AND PHYSICAL EDUCATION CENTER

Before its enlargement in 1979-80, by the addition of a swimming pool, more classrooms, and other facilities, this building was known as the Alumni Gymnasium (constructed in 1956-58). The building, further enlarged in 1988-89, was renamed in 1981 for R. Douglas Nininger and his wife, Ruth Miller Nininger, benefactors of Bridgewater College. 680 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

WAKEMAN HALL

Built in 1979-80. Named for Benjamin 0. Wakeman and his wife, Crystal Driver Wakeman, benefactors of Bridgewater College. A men's dormitory, 1981-90; a women's residence hall since 1990.

In the 1960's and 1970's, the college's trustees considered erecting a new administration- classroom building, to be named "Flory Hall," and approved its location east of Rebecca Hall, equidistant between East College Street and Dinkel A venue. It also considered, as an alternative, the feasibility of converting Blue Ridge Hall into such a facility.462 In 1978, however, the trustees decided to study the feasibility of connecting Wardo Hall with Founders' Hall, and making the complex an administration-classroom building, a project that was eventually undertaken and finally completed in 1984. The two old buildings, renovated and joined, were named "Flory Hall," in tribute to Daniel C. Flory, the college's founder, and John S. Flory, former faculty member and president of the college. 463 D'Earcy P. Davis, Jr., and associates, of Harrisonburg, were the architects for all of the major buildings the college had erected during the years 1964-80. A master campus plan for the college's buildings and grounds was completed and approved in September, 1967, but since then has been modified. 464

462TrM, March 3, 1962; Sept. 22, 23, 1967; April 8, Nov. 3, 1972. 463TrM, April 1, 1978; April 6, 1984; HDN-R, April 7, 1984, p. 15. 464Bc Self-Study Report (1980), p. 191.

682 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Fires A fire of undetermined origin was discovered about 9:10 p. m. on Monday, January 10, 1966, in a basement study room in Heritage Hall. The flames were confined to a sofa, but the thick black smoke caused,considerable damage throughout the east wing of the building. Bridgewater firemen were called to the scene after fire extinguishers failed to put out the flames. A fireman received some cuts from a broken window, but no one was seriously injured.465 During the night of December 16, or early morning of December 17, 1971, two Bridgewater students set a fire in a pile of cardboard boxes in the basement hallway of Founders' Hall. Fortunately, the damage (about $500 worth) was slight, because the boxes (on a concrete floor) were not near other inflammable material, and because of the limited oxygen in the room. Fire extinguishers in the building had been emptied. The arsonists were arrested, brought to justice, and served prison terms.466 On the evening of December 8, 1976, a fire gutted a third-floor room of Wardo Hall, an adjacent room to a less extent, and damaged the building's roof. Two students, attempting to extinguish the flames, were temporarily overcome by smoke inhalation. The fire, started by a lighted Christmas candle's igniting nearby curtains blown by a brisk wind during the absence of the room's occupants, was extinguished by firemen from Harrisonburg and Weyers Cave. Students scrubbed and painted the damaged rooms and collected funds for those who lost personal property in the fire.467 In late April, 1980, a fire caused by a cigarette smoker broke out in a student's room on the third floor of Blue Ridge Hall. The dormitory residents were evacuated, and no one was injured. The damage was estimated at between $500 and $1,000.468

The Vietnam War The United States' intervention (1961-73) in the Vietnam War was generally unpopular among Bridgewater students and faculty members, as it was nationally. In December, 1965, some Bridgewater students participated, in Washington, D. C., in the march and rally for a negotiated settlement of the conflict.469 On October 15, 1969, when thousands of U.S. citizens demonstrated opposition to the war in a nationwide "moratorium," the college, while not canceling classes, welcomed faculty members to devote class periods to a discussion of the Vietnam problem. C. Wayne Zunkel, of Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania, spoke on the subject to about 150 Bridgewater students and faculty members. Some students wore black armbands; some sang protest and folk songs in front of Cole Hall; and, in the evening, some attended a rally at Eastern Mennonite College. 470 On November 15, 1969, eighteen students and two faculty members participated in the huge anti-war demonstration in the nation's capital, and at the college there was a panel discussion of the war.471

465Bee, Jan. 14, 1966, p. 1. 466TrExComM, Jan. 13, 1972; HDN-R, March 28, 1972, p. 11; Wayne F. Geisert to the Tr, Aug. 30, 1972. 467HDN-R, Dec. 9, 10, 1976; The Talon, Dec, 16, 1976, p. 11. 468The Talon, May 1, 1980, p. 4. 469Bee, Dec. 16, 1965, p. 1. 470Alumnus, winter, 1969, p. 16, 471Ibid.,,p. 17. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 683

The invasion of Cambodia by U.S. and South Vietnamese forces in May, 1970, increased the opposition. Bridgewater students circulated a petition (intended for the U.S. Congress) on the campus and in Harrisonburg for cutting off further funds for the war. 472 News of the cease-fire in the war, January 27, 1973, triggered a celebration at the college. When the town's fire siren stopped sounding, some students began ringing the bell in Memorial Hall and continued the ringing for half an hour. Another ringer of the bell on that occasion was a resident of the Bridgewater retirement village, Lula A. Miller, who, when a Bridgewater freshman, had tugged the bell rope on November 11, 1918, in celebration of the Armistice in World War I.473 The military conflict resulted, inevitably, in loss of life. Among Bridgewater men (students in the years indicated) killed in action in the Vietnam War were the following: James E. Hughes (1958-60) in March, 1966; Charles W. Garber, Jr. (1965-66), Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps, April 9, 1968; Bruce E. Robinson (1964-67), Corporal, U.S. Marine Corps, February 22, 1969.474 There may have been other deaths not reported to the college or to the writer of this volume in response to requests to alumni for such information. Exactly how many Bridgewater men served in the U. S. armed forces in Vietnam will probably never be determined with any certainty. The names of those (who were students at the college before going to Vietnam) that the writer has been able to find appear in the paragraphs that follow.475 In each case, the individual's academic degree, or years at the college, are indicated. Jerome C. Arnett, Jr. (B. A., 1963), M. D. Captain, U.S. Air Force, whose group was awarded a Presidential Unit Citation. Bruce W. Barlow (B. A., 1968). Specialist, 5th Class, U.S. Army. Awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry (with Palm) and several medals. James H. Benson (B. A., 1965). Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Marine Corps. Awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Navy Achievement Medal, and other medals. Ronald E. Bushey (B. A.,1964). First Lieutenant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal and the Air Medal. Ronald M. Dean (B. A., 1965). First Lieutenant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. William H. Edmonson, Jr. (B. A., 1946). Major, U.S. Air Force. Served also in Thailand. Richard M. Geib (B. A., 1968). Infantry officer, U.S. Army. John S. Harman (B. A., 1957), M. D. Captain, U.S. Army. Clyde M. Henkel (B. A.,1966). Lieutenant (J. G.), U.S. Navy. Awarded the 7th Fleet Citation, Vietnam Service Medal, and other recognitions. John W. Hepfer (B. A., 1950). Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force. . Bingham W. Higgins (B. S., 1966). Captain (later Lieutenant Colonel), U.S. Air Force. Expert marksmanship citation. Harry S. Hogshead (B. A., 1973). Staff Sergeant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Vietnamese Honor Medal and three Bronze Stars. John E. Hoover (1941-43). Major General, U.S. Army. Awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, Legion of Merit, Bronze Star, and Air Medal.

472.HDN-R, May 15, 1970. 473rhe Talon, Feb. 9, 1973, p. 1. 474Alumnus, April, 1966, p. 16; Aug., 1968, p. 23; April, 1969, p. 18. 475sources: BC publications, the HDN-R, questionnaires sent to alumni, and an appeal for information made in the columns of the Alumnus. 684 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

John A. Horn (B. A., 1948). Lieutenant Colonel, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, the Air Medal and eight clusters (for action in World War II, the Korean War, and the Vietnam War). Lewis B. Kaylor (1933-36). Chief Warrant Officer, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. Robert G. Kepler (B. A., 1966). First Lieutenant, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal. David A. Layman (B. A., 1961), M. D. Captain, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. Gordon K. Lough, Jr. (1949-50). Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy. Awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal. Ralph C. MacPhail, Jr. (B. A., 1965). First Lieutenant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal and Army Commendation Medal (with Oak Leaf Cluster). Raymond E. Matthaei (B. S., 1965). Lieutenant Commander, U.S. Navy. Awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, Presidential Unit Citation, 23 Air Medals, and other awards. James A. Maye (B. A.,1965). Captain, U.S. Marines Corps. Awarded the Air Medal and the Purple Heart. Paul McComb (B. A., 1970). Sergeant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Combat Infantryman's Badge. Ernest N. Mistr (B. A., 1963), M. D. Major, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. Robert P. Mullins (1968-71). Second Lieutenant, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Vietnamese Cross of Gallantry, the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal, and the Air Medal. Julian J. Ney (B. A., 1955), M. D. A volunteer physician in South Vietnam for three two- month terms. Allan W. Nicholas (B. A., 1968). SP5-E5. U.S. Army. Awarded the Army Commendation Medal, the Vietnam Service Award, and other medals. Charles A. Ramstetter, Jr. (B. A., 1969). Sergeant, U.S. Air Force. English language instructor, U.S. Armed Forces language school. Bruce M. Skelley (B. A., 1968). First Lieutenant, U. S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. Otis W. Snyder (1931-33), M. D. Colonel, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal and the Legion of Merit. Robert B. Sweet (B. S., 1966). Captain (later Lieutenant Colonel), U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Distinguished Flying Cross, 10 Air Medals, and others. Louis L. Tourgee, III (B. A., 1969). First Lieutenant, U.S. Army. Awarded the Bronze Star Medal. Warren R. Wright (B. A., 1953). Major, U.S. Air Force. Larry A. Yatchum (B. A., 1969). In the U.S. Army. Among Bridgewater men who aided the United States's effort in Vietnam while being stationed in Thailand were the following: Laird C. Arey (B. A., 1963). Captain, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal. Henry J. Koch, III (B. A., 1966). Staff Sergeant, U.S. Air Force. Awarded the Air Force Commendation Medal. Ronald L. Layman (B. A., 1962). Captain, U.S. Air Force. John E. Hoover, John A. Horn, and Otis W. Snyder had served in World War II and the Korean War. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 685

Celebration of the College's 90th Year

In April, 1969, Bridgewater's trustees authorized the establishment of a committee to plan appropriate activities in celebration of the 90th anniversary year of the college's founding (1970). The committee, whose chairman was Samuel A. Harley, a Bridgewater graduate in 1928, included trustees, faculty members, administrative officials, and students.476 An address at the college's opening convocation in September, 1969, by Professor Emeritus Clarence E. May on Bridgewater's "educational firsts" inaugurated the anniversary celebration. The college's alumni magazine carried during the year a substantial article on the college's founder, Daniel C. Flory; published alumni reminiscences of student days at the college; and made an appeal for old photographs, printed programs, catalogues, and other memorabilia. In the spring of 1970, the three surviving sons of Daniel C. Flory and a few members of the anniversary committee visited Spring Creek, where the college had had its beginnings in 1880, and where a commemorative marker was erected. Bridgewater's mayor, Clinton L. Kennedy, proclaimed the week beginning on March 30, 1970, as "Bridgewater College Week." At a college convocation during that week, representatives of the school's trustees, faculty, students, alumni, and the Bridgewater townspeople discussed what the college should do during the next decade. On Founders' Day, April 3, 1970, the college dedicated two much-needed facilities: Kline Campus Center and Moomaw Hall, new and larger quarters for the Horne Economics Departrnent.477

The American Revolution Bicentenary In 1976, the college commemorated the bicentenary of the American (U.S. A.) Revolution and Declaration of Independence by the showing of films on the nation's heritage and having speakers on the same theme. In January, Richard Tydeman, rector of the Church of the Holy Sepulchre without Newgate in London, spoke on "Magna Carta, Our Common Heritage," and, in February, Richard K. MacMaster, university professor and church historian, spoke on "The Peace Churches and the American Revolution." In December, Kline Campus Center's executive program council sponsored a "Colonial Dinner'' (instead of the usual Madrigal Dinner).478

Founders' Day Activities The college continued its custom (since 1920) of recognizing each year the birthday (April 3) of its founder, Daniel C. Flory, with appropriate exercises on that day, or on another day near that date.479 The formal inauguration of the college's new president, Wayne F. Geisert (treated elsewhere in this chapter), marked Founders' Day, April 3, 1965. On April 1, 1966, Perry F. Kendig, president of Roanoke College, spoke at the Founders' Day morning convocation in Cole Hall. At the evening dinner, the families of two former Bridgewater presidents, Paul Haynes Bowman and Warren D. Bowman, were guests of honor.

476TrM, April 12, Oct. 31, 1969. 477TrM, April 4, 1970; Alumnus, autumn, 1969, p. 9; winter, 1969, pp. 2, 3, 7, 8, 10, 11; April, 1970, p. 2. 478HDN-R, Dec. 26, 1975, p. 20; TrM, April 3, 1976. 479Tuis chapter section is based on the Founder's Day programs, files of the Alumnus, Partners, and theHDN-R; also on the college president's reports. · 686 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

After dinner, at which President Emeritus Warren D. Bowman reminisced about the college, U.S. Senator Harry F. Byrd, Jr., made an address, and a bronze plaque, to be placed in Bowman Hall, was unveiled. On March 31, 1967, Morley J. Mays, president of Elizabethtown College, was the main speaker at the morning convocation. In the afternoon, Dillon Hall, a new women's dormitory, was dedicated and a memorial plaque was unveiled there. At the evening dinner, Albert L. Philpott, a member of the Virginia House of Delegates, made an address. On April 5, 1968, Calvert N. Ellis, president of Juniata College and of the Association of American Colleges, was the main speaker at the morning convocation, at which the college conferred on him an honorary degree (L. H. D.). At the evening dinner, at which Dr. Ellis spoke again, Mr. and Mrs. Leland C. Moomaw, benefactors of the college, were the guests of honor. On April 11, 1969, G. Wayne Glick, president of Keuka College, was the main speaker at the morning exercises and at the ev.ening banquet, and was the recipient of an honorary LL. D. degree from the college. On Founders' Day, April 3, 1970, Desmond W. Bittinger, a Chapman College professor and former president of McPherson College, was the main speaker at the morning convocation and at the evening dinner, and was the recipient of an honorary L. H. D. degree from the college. The dedication of Kline Campus Center and Moomaw Hall, and the honoring of the Kline family and Mr. and Mrs. Leland C. Moomaw, benefactors of the college, were other special events of that Founders' Day. On April 2, 1971, DeWitt L. Miller, Church of the Brethren pastor at Hagerstown, Maryland, spoke at the morning exercises. Elden T. Smith, executive director of the National Council of Independent Colleges and Universities, spoke at the evening banquet, at which Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin 0. Wakeman, benefactors of the college, were the guests of honor. On April 7, 1972, Mrs. Anne Pannell Taylor, president emeritus of Sweet Briar College, was the main speaker at the morning convocation and at the evening dinner, and was the recipient of an honorary L. H. D. degree from the college. At the dinner, Byron M. Flory and Ernest M. Wampler were honored for their work as missionaries in China. On April 6, 1973, Harold E. Hughes, U.S. Senator from Iowa, spoke at the morning exercises and at the evening banquet. The college conferred upon him an honorary L. H. D. degree, and upon Carman G. Blough an honorary D. Bus. Adm. degree. On April 5, 1974, Gerald L. Baliles, deputy attorney general of Virginia, was the main speaker at the morning convocation, and Earl J. Shiflet, secretary of commerce and resources of Virginia, the main speaker at the evening dinner. At the banquet, Mrs. Roy D. (Sara K. Dove) Boaz and Mr. and Mrs. Lowell N. Layman were recognized for their benefactions to the college. On April 4, 1975, Winston 0. Weaver, Harrisonburg business executive and civic leader, was the main speaker at the morning exercises, and George S. Aldhizer, II, Virginia state senator, the speaker at the evening banquet. At the morning convocation, the college conferred honorary degrees on Messrs. Aldhizer (LL. D.), Aubrey D. Miller (D. Bus. Adm.), and Weaver (L. H. D.). On April 2, 1976, Arla L. Schilling, former president of North Central College, spoke at the morning convocation and at the evening dinner. On April 1, 1977, Frederic W. Ness, president of the Association of American Colleges, was the guest speaker at the morning exercises and at the evening banquet, and was the recipient of an honorary L. H. D. degree from the college. At the dinner, the college presented to Isaac J. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 687

Sanger, a distinguished artist, some of whose works were then on display in Kline Campus Center, an Outstanding Achievement Award. On March 31, 1978, the college conferred an honorary degree upon Harry G. M. Jopson (Sc. D.), Bridgewater professor since 1936, and upon H. Gus Muntzing (LL. D.), retired circuit court judge in West Virginia. At the morning convocation, Professor Jopson reminisced about his years at the college. Judge Muntzing spoke at the evening dinner, at which the college presented to James A. Maye, Executive Director for the Paralyzed Veterans of America, an Outstanding Achievement Award, and to Jacob S. Huffman an Outstanding Service Award, for his work as a physician, his aiding young people to obtain advanced education, his key role in the establishment of the Bridgewater Home for the Aging, and other work. On April 6, 1979, Mrs. Ronald V. (Violet Siron) Cox, the morning convocation speaker and chairperson of Bridgewater College Centennial Committee, stated the committee's objectives and plans for the year 1980-81, sketched the development of the college since 1880, and reminisced about her years as a Bridgewater student. John B. Schwemm, book group vice president of R.R. Donnelley and Company, spoke at the evening banquet. On April 11, 1980, Virginia's governor, John N. Dalton, was the main speaker at afternoon exercises and at the evening dinner, and was the recipient of an honorary LL. D. degree from the college. At the dinner, the college conferred an Outstanding Service Award on Paul G. Kline, Rockingham County educator; on D. Lathan Mims, editor and general manager of the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record; and on John A. Pritchett, a Tennessee lawyer. On Founders' Day, April 3, 1981, Walter S. Flory, Jr., professor emeritus of Wake Forest University, spoke at the morning convocation, and Luther W. White, III, president of Kentucky Wesleyan College, at the evening banquet. The college conferred an honorary L. H. D. degree upon President White, and an Outstanding Service Award on Dr. Flory and on Mr. and Mrs. Charles D. Lantz, benefactors of Bridgewater College.

Some Other Eminent Visitors Various persons of distinction, besides those already mentioned, came to the Bridgewater campus as speakers during the years 1964-80. A number of them were obtained through the "Visiting Scholars Program" of the University Center in Virginia. Some of them will be noted here.480 Samuel N. Kramer, the University of Pennsylvania professor of Assyriology, spoke at Bridgewater in October, 1964, and again in March, 1966. John Hope Franklin, historian, from the University of Chicago, spoke at the college in April, 1965. Alfred L. Rowse, British historian and author, of All Souls College, Oxford University, spoke at Bridgewater in December, 1965. Kurt von Schuschnigg, the chancellor of Austria who sought to prevent Nazi control of his country in 1938, and who for seven years was a prisoner of the Nazis, spoke at the college in February, 1967. Lord Moran (who was Sir Charles Wilson, president of the Royal College of Physicians, elevated to the peerage), Winston Churchill's personal physician for 25 years, spoke at the college in April, 1967.

480Tuis chapter section is based mainly upon papers of Professor Raymond N. Andes, Bridgewater's liaison officer with the University Center in Virginia, 1962-78. Other sources were the programs of the special events and the files of the Alumnus, Partners, the Bee, The Talon, and the HDN-R. 688 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Colin Jackson, member of the British House of Commons and barrister at law, spoke at the college in September, 1967, and at other times. Quincy Wright, a University of Chicago professor of international law and author of A Study of War (2 vols., 1942), spoke at the college in November, 1967. Thomas J. J. Altizer, noted "Death of God" theologian of Emory University, was a speaker at the college in February, 1968, as was Nathan F. Leopold, a prisoner on parole to the Brethren Service Commission, in March, 1968, and Robert L. Heilbroner, economist and author, in October, 1968. Ferenc Nagy, premier of Hungary, 1946-47, spoke at the college in January, 1969; Henri Peyre, authority on French literature, in April, 1969, and September, 1974; and David R. Mace, Wake Forest University sociology professor, in December, 1969. Eric M. Rogers, Princeton University physics professor, spoke at the college in March, 1971, and December, 1975; James B. Rhoads, archivist of the United States, in December, 1971; William H. McNeill, University of Chicago historian and author, in March, 1972; and George W. Beadle, Nobel prize winner in physiology and medicine, in the fall of 1972. Samuel H. Adler, of the Eastman School of Music, and John Eric S. Thompson, authority on the ancient Mayan civilization in Central America, were speakers at the college in October, 1975. Langdon Gilkey, of the University of Chicago Divinity School, spoke at the college in April, 1974, and April, 1977; Dore Ashton, art history professor at the Cooper Union and former art critic for the New York Times, in October, 1976; and John Midgley, British journalist with the Manchester Guardian, the London Times, and other papers, in April, 1980.

The College as Host During these years, the college continued (since 1950) to host annually, in July, a Christian ashram.481 Certain churches, or church groups, among them the following, held summer conferences at the college during this period: the Virginia Christian Endeavor Union, the Eastern District Walther League, the Church of the Brethren Shenandoah District, and the Virginia Week-day Religious Education teachers. In late December, 1966, the college hosted a Student Christian Movement conference for Brethren college and university students.482 The Church of the Brethren's Southeastern Inter-District Youth Roundtable, planned by the Inter-District Brethren Youth Fellowship Cabinet, consisting of Bridgewater students, continued to draw to the college campus, in late April each year, from 400 to 650 high school juniors and seniors from Maryland and Delaware southward to Florida and Alabama. The college was a testing center for the National Teachers' Examination of the Educational Testing Service (Princeton, N. J.) in March, 1965, and March, 1967, as it had been in 1961 and 1964.483 In December, 1965, the college was host to the annual meeting of the Virginia Association of Student Personnel Administrators; in October, 1969, was host to the Virginia Philosophical Society's annual conference; and in February, 1971, was host to the Virginia Music Education

481 Tuis chapter section is based mainly upon the files of the Alumnus, Partners, the Bee, The Talon, and the HDN-R. 482Alumnus, Dec., 1966, p. 9. 483HDN-R, Sept. 19, 1964; Bee, Feb. 17, 1967, p. 4. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 689

Association, college section, of which Bridgewater's Philip E. Trout was president-elect. During certain summers, a Rockingham County music camp was held at the college.484 In November, 1970, Bridgewater's Home Economics Department was host to the annual workshop of the Virginia Home Economics Association (student member section) and in December, 1978, was host to the association's meeting for northern Virginia.485 A health fair for Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, sponsored by Nutrition Now, whose co-chairperson was Professor Mary W. LeMar, of the Bridgewater faculty, was held in the Bridgewater College gymnasium, October 15, 1976. Between 1,500 and 2,000 were in attendance.486 During the years 1974-79, the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Chamber of Commerce held its annual dinner in Kline Campus Center.487 In May, 1976, the college, in cooperation with banks of the area, sponsored a seminar on philanthropy, taxation, and estate planning that was conducted by Conrad Teitell, author and lecturer. More than 75 bank trust officers, lawyers, and accountants attended the seminar, which became an annual event at the college. 488 In November, 1977, the college hosted a workshop on student financial aid that was attended by high school guidance counselors and financial aid directors of the University of Virginia, Washington and Lee University, and Eastern Mennonite College.489 In May, 1976, the college held its first invitational mathematics contest for high school students, under the direction of John E. White, assisted by Dale V. Ulrich and Dean R. Neher, three Bridgewater faculty members.490 In January, 1978, the college, in cooperation with the Virginia Foundation for the Humanities and Public Policy, sponsored a series of three seminars on land use planning.491 In September, 1975, the college hosted the sixth annual Herbert W. K. Fitzroy Memorial Lecture (by Huston C. Smith, Syracuse University professor) for the University Center in Virginia.492 Under the sponsorship of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham County Association of Churches, David Wilkerson, New York City's "gang preacher" and author of The Cross and the Switchblade (over 16 million copies sold), conducted a two-day crusade, November 11-12, 1978, in the Bridgewater College gymnasium.493 For six weeks each summer, beginning in 1967, the college was the site of the Shenandoah Sports Camp, under the direction of Mort F. Irwin, an athletic coach from Annandple, Virginia. At the camp, as many as 600 to 700 high school boys and girls received instruction in basketball, football, soccer, field hockey, and other sports from widely known coaches, assisted by professional players. Among the coaches were John R. Wooden (basketball) of the University of California at Los Angeles, Tom Cahill (football) of the U. S. Military Academy, and two soccer coaches from Great Britain, besides outstanding high school coaches from Virginia, Maryland, and New Jersey, and Bridgewater College coaches. Among the professional players who assisted were Bill Russell (of the Boston Celtics), Jerry Lucas ( of the

484FacAdmComM, Oct. 4, 1965; The Talon, Oct. 10, 1969, p. 4; Alumnus, June, 1970, p. 3; March, 1971, p. 2. 485Alumnus, Jan., 1971, p. 2; BC president's annual report, 1978-79. 486Alumnus, winter, 1976, p. 7 487Files of the HDN-R. 488TrM, April 3, 1976; Alumnus, May, 1976, p. 16. 489Alumnus, Dec., 1977, p. 3. 490The Talon, May 14, 1976, p. 5. 491 Alumnus, March, 1978, p. 3. 492convocation programs in the AMML. 493HDN-R, Oct. 28, 1978, p. 9; Nov. 9, 1978, p. 23. 690 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Cincinnati Royals), and Dave Bing (of the Detroit Pistons), all in basketball; also eight Washington Redskins football players. The camp brought the college good publicity; also some financial income from the use of its dormitories and food service. Some of the teenagers who came to the camp later enrolled as Bridgewater students. 494

The Dames Club (Bridgewater College Women) The Dames Club, renamed "Bridgewater College Women" in 1973, continued to be active in the interest of the college, adding "feminine touches" that otherwise would have been lacking. During the years 1964-80, the club made a number of thoughtful and practical con- tributions to the college and college life, among them the following. It provided care for children of alumni who returned for class reunions; made tunics for Madrigal Dinner performers; had the Strickler Apartments redecorated; provided program chimes and flags for Cole Hall auditorium, and an Olive Delp Graham oil painting for the Blue Ridge Hall social room; commissioned Professor Paul M. Kline to make a wood and metal sculpture for the Kline Campus Center lounge; provided purchase awards for outstanding art works by Bridgewater students; made contributions to the Visual Arts Fund; and presented to the college a centennial anniversary gift of about $1,000 for campus benches and trees. From a charter membership of 27 in October, 1937, the club grew to 95 active participants in the 1979-80 session. 495

Town and Gown During the years 1964-80, no Bridgewater College faculty member or administrator sat on the Bridgewater town council, but 10 of the college's alumni did, the council's minutes reveal: Roland Z. Arey, Galen H. Dellinger, William S. Earhart, Robert D. Hutchinson, Charles E. Miller, John L. Miller, Minor B. Plecker, Jr., Garry R. Rupert, Carlton H. Shickel, and Robert A. Wolfe. Professor Clarence E. May, of the college's faculty, continued (since 1958) to be the town's mayor until 1968. Roland Z. Arey, a Bridgewater town councilman since 1956, became the town's mayor in November, 1975, and, by re-election biennially, was still mayor in 1990. Various problems arose between the college and the town during the years 1964-80. One concerned the town's desire to regulate the parking of student automobiles on streets adjacent to the college's campus. On this matter, the town and the college eventually worked out a reasonable compromise. Furthermore, by a deed made on March 18, 1966, the college sold to the Commonwealth of Virginia (for $10,575) 4.95 acres of its land for the widening of Dinkel Avenue (Va. State Route 257), and in August, 1969, it had a parking area (62 feet by 240) constructed along the north side of Dinkel Avenue opposite Heritage Hall.496 Another problem arose from the town's desire to require a Bridgewater town parking sticker on automobiles of the students of other localities. The matter was settled as follows: a

494Bee, Feb. 17, 1967, p. 7; Alumnus, April, 1967, p. 9; Dec., 1973, p. 15; TrExComM, May 22, 1974; Jan. 6, 1979. 495For this information, the writer is indebted to Mrs. Raymond N. Andes, whose sources were the club's minutes, treasurers' reports, cancelled checks, and the memories of club members. 49~rExCornM, Feb. 3, 1966; TrM, Nov. 5, 1966; Oct. 31, 1969; RCo DBk 345, p. 491. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 691

student automobile with a parking sticker of a Virginia town or county needs no Bridgewater town sticker, but one from another state does.497 Another problem concerned the portion of Riverside Drive (along North River, back of the college's athletic fields) that the college owns: whether the road should be kept open for public use and, if so, whether the Virginia state highway department should maintain it. It was decided the road should be kept open (and the state maintains it). The town, however, allows the closing of the road to traffic on days of special events on Jopson Field.498 The college reached an understanding with the town council that it might close to public traffic the cross-campus road immediately back of Cole and Rebecca halls when it would construct Kline Campus Center and Moomaw Hall, if it would extend College View Drive (at the east end of the campus) all the way from Dinkel A venue to East College Street extended. College View Drive was so extended (and widened) in the fall of 1969. 499 In 1973, the college conveyed to Rockingham County and/or to the Commonwealth of Virginia a SO-foot wide strip of land including College View Drive, connecting Virginia State Route 257 with East College Street extended, so as to add College View Drive to the state's system of roads (so that the state would maintain the road).SOO In 1966, the town approved the college's installing a new sewer line from Dinkel Avenue east of Dillon Hall to the sewer plant in Berlinton, the line to have spurs connecting with College Woods Drive, College View Drive, Dillon Hall, and Kline Campus Center.SOI In 1974, the college granted an easement to the town to enable Kenneth Lambert to run sewer and drainage lines (for his real estate project) across the college's land.so2 In 1976, the college granted an easement to the town on a 20-foot wide strip of land along Virginia State Route 257, from near Dillon Hall parking lot to College View Drive, to permit installation of a new water line.503 In 1970, the college consented to a "friendly annexation" by the town of that portion of college land which lies between Dinkel A venue extended and the old Mt. Crawford Road (in compliance with a request of a potential real estate developer), expressing the hope that such annexation would not result in "tax burdens or complications for future generations involved in administering the affairs of Bridgewater College."504 During the 1960' s and 1970' s the college library provided storage in its vault for the town's old records, until suitable quarters for them could be found elsewhere.sos On one occasion, the college permitted the town council to hold an open forum for the townspeople in Cole Hall auditorium.s06 It allowed the Rotary Club of the town the use of the college's tennis courts and gymnasium for a tennis tournament in May, 1979, to raise funds for crippled children, and the use of Cole Hall for a musical concert in April, 198o.so7

497 FacAdmComM, Sept. .5, Oct. 2, and Nov. 6, 1978,. HDN-R, Nov. 2, 1978. 498TownCM, Aug. 10, 1971. 499TrM, Nov. 6, 1965; April 3, 4, 1970; TrExComM, Feb. 3, 1966; Jan. 10, 1973; Faculty Sounding Board, Nov. 24, 1969; W. F. Geisert to C. E. May, July 26, 1968, and Mayor May's (undated) reply. 500rrExComM, Jan. 10, 1973; RCo DBk 419, p. 39. 501TrExComM, July 14, 1966. 5021bid., May 22, 1974. 5031bid., Sept. 24, 1976. 504With TrExComM, July 24, 1970. See also TrM, Nov. 6, 1970, and W. F. Geisert to Nathan H. Miller, Sept. 9, 1970. 505TrM, Nov. 4, 1961; TownCM, Oct. 11, 1966. S06FacM, Oct. 24, 1972. 507President's Cabinet minutes, Jan. 30, 1979; FacM, April lS, 1980. 692 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

For several years during the 1970's, Professor William P. Albright, of the college's faculty, was president of the town's volunteer rescue squad, and some of the college's students, six in 1974, were also squad members. In 1974, Bridgewater College students contributed $500 of their activities fund to the rescue squad's building fund. 508

The College's Centennial Celebration Year (1980-81) In January, 1978, the college's trustees' executive committee approved the selection of a 12- member executive committee (Mrs. Violet Siron Cox, chairperson; Brydon M. DeWitt, secretary) to serve as the nucleus of a larger committee (of 60 members) to plan the celebration (in 1980-81) of the 100th anniversary of the college's founding. 509 The committee sought to celebrate the anniversary by increasing awareness of the college's heritage and its position as a church-affiliated liberal arts institution, and by promoting "increased recognition of the college's accomplishments and contributions to the community, the state, and the nation, and its potential for continuing service in its second century." The celebration was to run from Founders' Day, 1980, to Founders' Day, 1981.510 An address by Virginia's governor, John N. Dalton in Cole Hall on April 11, 1980, marked the beginning of the celebration, and the next day, the Harrisonburg Daily News-Record carried a 32-page section on the college: also the following editorial:

It [Bridgewater College] has an importance far greater than its size (fewer than 1,000 students) would lead one to believe. Without ballyhoo or big-time athletics, Bridgewater has quietly gone about its business of educating the young, and it richly deserves the kudos it is receiving on its hundredth birthday..... Bridgewater, like other small private colleges, depends chiefly on its academic reputation to attract and keep students. That the quality of its curriculum is very good is proved by the long roster of its graduates who have distinguished themselves in the professions, in teaching and in business. No more than D. C. Flory can we see 100 years into the future, but we hope and expect that Bridgewater College will flourish and prosper in its second century as it has in its first.511 On Sunday, September 21, 1980, the college received special recognition in the Church of the Brethren congregations throughout the southeastern region of the nation, and, at other times during the celebration year, in the denomination's district conferences. At the President's Dinner in Kline Campus Center, November 7, 1980, at which Edward K Ziegler (in his address) reviewed Bridgewater's first century, as did a tape-slide presentation at the dinner, descendants of Daniel C. Flory and other heads of the school (also former trustees) were the guests of honor. The December, 1980, issue of the college's alumni magazine featured articles and photographs on the school's first 100 years; also reminiscences of alumni. In the same month a new alumni directory was published. On April 1 and 2, 1981, a symposium, at which Gordon K Davies, director of the Virginia State Council of Higher Education, presided and Stephen K Bailey, of Harvard University,

508Alumnus, May, 1974, p. 17; March, 1976, p. 3; The Talon, Nov. 11, 1974; May 22, 1978, p. 7. 509TrExComM, Jan. 28, 1978. 510The committee's report to the trustees, Nov. 3, 1978. 511HDN-R April 12, 1980. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 693

was the principal speaker, examined the role of liberal arts education in the lives of adults during their middle years.512 At the morning convocation on Founders' Day, April 3, 1981, the featured speaker, Walter S. Flory, Jr., a distinguished Bridgewater alumnus, made an address appropriate for the occasion.513 On April 4, 1981, a new Virginia state highway marker (replacing the one erected in 1970), placed near the site of the Spring Creek Normal School building in Spring Creek, Virginia, where Bridgewater College had had its beginnings in 1880, was dedicated in the presence of the college's trustees and others.514 In recognition of Bridgewater's centenary, Emmert F. Bittinger, of the college's faculty, contributed to the spring, 1980, issue of Brethren Life and Thought, upon the suggestion of its editor, Edward K. Ziegler, a substantial article on Brethren higher education. The two houses of the Virginia General Assembly passed a joint resolution, introduced by Senator Nathan H. Miller, a Bridgewater alumnus, commending Bridgewater College upon the completion of 100 years of service to the state and nation. Throughout the centennial celebration year, the Bridgewater concert choir included in its repertoire two musical compositions, "Peace I Leave with You" and "Ye Shall Weep," composed especially for the anniversary by James Fritsche!. For the college, Lewis J. Carper composed an "Anniversary Hymn," and another composition, "Ode to Spring," sung by the college's concert choir at the Bridgewater graduation exercises in May, 1979. The dedication of the Steinway concert grand piano (given to the college by Professor Emeritus Nelson T. Huffman and Mrs. Huffman) on Alumni Day, May 24, 1980, with Nevin W. Fisher, former Bridgewater professor, performing on the instrument in Cole Hall, was another event of the centennial year. Throughout the celebration year, the Pritchett Museum featured a special exhibit of old photographs, artifacts, and other memorabilia pertaining to the college's history and development during its first century. Trees and shrubs were added to the campus landscape during the year. A scarf, tote bag, and tie, commemorating the college's centennial, were offered for sale. "In Honor of Bridgewater College's 100 Years of Distinguished Service to Christian Higher Education," nine concrete benches (each with a concrete base) were placed along the walks on the campus, three in front of the library, three in front of Kline Campus Center and Cole Hall, and one in front of each of the following buildings: Memorial Hall, Yount Hall, and Nininger Hall. Three of the benches were gifts of the Bridgewater Women's Club, five were gifts of the families of Orrin M. Kline and Orrin M. Kline, Jr., and the other was the gift of the Bridgewater Ruritan Club.

Observations on President Geisert and His Administration

The first 16 years of President Geisert's administration (1964-80) were contemporaneous with the United States' military involvement in South Vietnam, anti-war demonstrations, widespread student unrest in the nation's colleges, and other developments when Lyndon B.

512HDN-R, March 25, 1981. 5l3lbid., April 4, 1981. 5l4lbid, April 7, 1981. 694 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980

Johnson, Richard M. Nixon, Gerald R. Ford, and Jimmy Carter were the nation's chief executives. In dealing with the college's business during those years, President Geisert demonstrated strong leadership and administrative skill. He proved to be an executive who was alert to the college's needs and problems, and expeditious in dealing with them, and one who was effective in getting financial support for his school. During his tenure as president, the college made commendable progress. During his first 16 years in office (1964-80), the annual student enrollment at the college increased by 30 percent, from 695 to 908, and the student population became more diversified. The proportion of Brethren students declined to less than 20 percent by the year 1980. Although during the 16 years (1964-80) the annual cost for a full-time resident student increased from $1,600 to $4,400, considerably more financial assistance, in the form of scholarships, grants, loans, and work opportunities became available. Thanks to prudent management and generous gift support, the college continued (since 1955) to balance its budget in each of the 16 years, even though its annual expenditures more than tripled. During the same period, the college's total assets also more than tripled. Successful financial campaigns, for the 90th Anniversary Fund (1967-71) and for the First Century Completion Fund (1975-81), raised nearly $10,000,000. The college's faculty was enlarged and strengthened, with a greater proportion holding doctoral degrees. Faculty salaries were more than doubled, and an expanded sabbatical leave program was put into effect. The library's holdings were considerably increased, and its equipment improved and extended. Its book collection was more than doubled in size. The Pritchett Museum continued to receive interesting and valuable additions from alumni and other friends. The 16 years witnessed significant curricular changes and innovations: a thorough-going revision of the general education requirements for bachelors' degrees (effective in the 1971-72 session), and an increase in the number of courses offered; the addition of 10 more major fields of study to the 16 already available; provision for independent study and research projects, and new junior-year study programs in European universities; the adoption of a new academic calendar (three 10-week terms and a three-week interterm), effective in the 1971- 72 session; the opportunity for travel and study in the U.S. A., or abroad, during the interterm; and the offering of courses for senior citizens. More extensive counseling and career-planning guidance were offered to the students; also the opportunity to gain practical experience in various fields of work in off-campus internships. Women's intercollegiate sports were extended by the addition of lacrosse and volleyball. The same period witnessed a liberalization of the college's regulations affecting campus women residents, the dress code, attendance at convocations, and other matters. During the 16 years, the college's physical plant underwent considerable enlargement and renovation: the construction of the student campus center, a home economics building, two more dormitories, and the completion of another one (built largely during Warren D. Bowman's presidency); the alteration and extension of Cole Hall; the enlargement of Alumni Gymnasium (today Nininger Hall) by adding new classrooms and a swimming pool, and completing work on the basement level; the renovation of Rebecca, Memorial, and Yount halls, and the removal of four other buildings; the renovation and improvement of the college's athletic field (renamed "Harry G. M. Jopson Field"); and the establishment of a computing center. Bridgewater College: The First Hundred Years, 1880-1980 695

During the same period, the college's board of trustees underwent changes in membership and organization in consequence of restated articles of incorporation adopted in 1969, and new by-laws adopted in 1969, 1974, and 1975. The board again became a self-perpetuating body that elected all of its members. The president of the college became a more influential figure in the government of the school, by virtue of his elevation from ex-officio status to full-fledged membership on the institution's board of trustees and membership on all standing committees of the board, and his designation as the "chief executive officer of the corporation." President Geisert was motivated by high ideals. He asserted that the college should maintain "its strong academic program, its genuine interest in the student and his well being, and its concern about the student's future." ''We feel that young men and women should be trained not only to make good livings, but also educated to live good lives."515 He told the college's trustees he hoped "we will have the courage to make the changes that ought to be made, but, at the same time, to stand firmly on those matters which we continue to deem important. In my opinion, it is abundantly clear that higher education dare not become a popularity endeavor for administrators, trustees, or even professors."516 He was determined, furthermore, to preserve the college's historic and traditional relationship with the Church of the Brethren. After seven years in office, he invited the college's trustees, in November, 1971, to set up a special committee to assess his role as president. After discussing the matter, the trustees, by unanimous vote, adopted a resolution that stated there was no need for such a committee. "Our actions today have been to sustain him in his administrative responsibilities. We hope that he will continue to serve as President for many years to come."517 In intercollegiate relations, and before the public generally, President Geisert represented the college ably. He gave Bridgewater a good image wherever he was, so that the college became better known. In personal relations, he was friendly and congenial, and he made himself available to students and faculty alike. He was an able speaker, one who was never at a loss for words appropriate for the occasion, one who came to be known for his entertaining stories, and one inclined to give his addresses and sermons catchy titles. He was also an able writer. He was active and prominent in the educational world. He was president of the Association of Virginia Colleges, 1970-71 (succeeding Edgar F. Shannon, Jr., president of the University of Virginia, in that position); was on the board of directors of the University Center in Virginia; 1964-78; was a member of the Council of Independent Colleges in Virginia; was on the board of directors of the Virginia Foundation for Independent Colleges, served as its vice president, 1974-76, and its president, 1976-78 (succeeding Robert E. R. Huntley, president of Washington and Lee University); was on the executive committee of the Association of Church-Related Colleges and Universities in the South, 1973-74; was a consultant and examiner for the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, serving as chairman of the visiting committee at various colleges; and was a participant in educational conferences and workshops.518 He was active and prominent in the affairs of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham County area. He was made a director of the Harrisonburg-Rockingham Chamber of Commerce in 1977, and

515Quoted in the HDN-R, April 12, 1980. 516From his report to the trustees, Nov. 6, 1970, p. 3. 517TrM, Nov. 6, 1971 (executive session). 518ww (1984-85), p. 1169; Who's Who in Virginia (1974-75), p. 99; and sketches in other directories. 696 The Presidency of Wayne Frederick Geisert: The First Sixteen Years, 1964-1980 was its president, 1980-81; was chairman of the United Way campaign in Harrisonburg and Rockingham County, 1979-80; was made a director of the Shenandoah Valley Educational Television Corporation (the founder of WVPT-TV) in 1969, and was its president, 1979-84 (succeeding G. Tyler Miller, president of Madison College). In the town of Bridgewater, he was a director of the First Virginia Bank-Planters.519 He was active and prominent in the Church of the Brethren. He was moderator of that denomination's annual conference, 1973-74; chairman of its review and evaluation committee, 1975-77; a member of its General Board, 1977-82, and vice chairman, 1977-78; chairman of the General Board's General Services Commission, 1979-82, and, as chairman of that commission, was chairman of the Pension Board and of its administrative committee; chairman of the church's Committee on Higher Education in the late 1960's, and again in the late 1970's.520 He also contributed articles to church, as well as to college, publications. In May, 1974, he received from the McPherson College Alumni Association its distinguished alumnus award.521 President Geisert's presidency is noteworthy, not only for reasons already stated, but also for the reaccreditation of the college in 1971, and again in 1981, by its regional examining agency, the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools, and for the college's recognition, in 1980-81, of the centennial anniversary of the founding of the institution that is today Bridgewater College.

519Ibid. 52°From CB yearbooks. 521HDN-R, May 15, 1974, p. 22. A view of Memorial Hall, Founders' Hall, and Wardo Hall (left to right) on the Bridgewater College campus on a snowy evening. A wood engraving by Isaac J. Sanger.