S. Ter-Minasova, L. Uzunova, E. Kononova, V. Robustova 1 . a) Do you know any famous Russian, British or American families? Name them and say why they are famous.
b) Look at the pictures and say what these people are famous for.
2. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in hold. earl [з:1] n a man with a high social rank. The Earl of Warwick used to live in the castle on the River Avon. The World We Live in nickname [’nikneim] n a name given to someone, especially by his/her friends or family, that is not his/her real name and is often connected with what they look like or something they have done. The Earl of Warwick had a nickname the Kingmaker. prolonged [pra'topd] a continuing for a long time. That was a prolonged war. struggle f'strAgl] n a long hard fight to get freedom, political rights. There was a big struggle between the Roses. increasingly [in'kriisirjli] adv more and more all the time. The popularity of the King grew increasingly. evaporate [iVasp(a)reit] v if something evaporates, it slowly disappears. His confidence evapo rated with the beginning of the lecture. defeat [di'ftt] л failure to win or succeed. The struggle ended in their defeat. reward [nSvoid] n something that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hard. The school has a system of rewards.
3 . Complete the sentences with the new words.
1. The popularity of the Beatles grew ... . 2. That was a ... journey and Christine didn’t know now when it would end. 3. The battle ended with the ... of the Romans. 4. Oliver Cromwell’s ... was Almighty Nose. 5. Emily’s hope ... when she reached the town. 6. The ... for independence broke out the British colonies. 7. The ... of Blandings is a well-known fiction character. 8. The ... wasn’t important, Jim wanted to challenge himself.
4 . a) Complete the dialogue with the correct forms of the new words and act it out.
Nick: Hi Helen! How are you? Helen: Fine, thanks. And you? Nick: Me too. I’ve just bought a new book about the American ... for independence. Helen: Your determination to study history hasn’t ... yet? Nick: It grows ... day by day. I was reading about the ... of the South in the Civil War the whole evening yesterday. Helen: We’ll call you Mr History at school. Are you planning to participate in the ... history contest? Nick: I don’t like ..., call me by name, please. As for the contest, I’m not sure yet. But I’ll have a ... for my studies. The invitation to the castle of a famous ... of Pembroke was delivered to me and I’ll go there on Saturday.
*b) Work in pairs. Change the underlined words in the dialogue above and make up your own dialogue. Act it out.
c) Change the dialogue from exercise 4a into Reported Speech.
5 . a) Dima, a Russian exchange student, is in the National Gallery in London. He’s listening to the audio guide in the Portrait Room. Listen to the guide and say who Richard Neville was.
■ Richard Neville
5 b) Listen to the text again and answer the questions below. 19 w 1. Who were the “Lancasterians" and the “Yorkists"? 2. Which of them did the Earl of Warwick belong to? 3. Why did the wars between them begin? 4. Who called these wars the “Wars of the Roses” and why? 5. How long did these wars last?
6. a) Read and listen to the proper names and learn to pronounce them:
Ethelfleda ['ебэШеёэ], A lfred ['aelfrid] the Great, Henry de Newburgh ['njirbora], W illiam de Beauchamp [bp'Ja:], John Dudley ['dAdli], Sir Fulke Greville, Francis Greville, Daisy
b) Read the text and give a title to each part.
Warwick Castle The origins of Warwick Castle go back to the Saxon fortress which Ethelfleda, a daughter of Alfred the Great, used for defence against the invading Danes. The first castle to appear on the site of Warwick Castle was a wooden construction built by William the Conqueror in 1068. In the Middle Ages under the Earls of Warwick the castle was rebuilt in stone. Later the military importance of the castle disappeared and it was turned into a residence of a rich style which reflected the wealth and the status of its owners. The castle was home to the Earls of Warwick until 1978. Since then restoration work has been carried out in creasingly and most areas of the castle, which were closed to the public, have been opened.
William the Conqueror being afraid of defeat, strengthened the walls of Warwick Castle and gave it to his constable1 Henry de Newburgh in 1088. Five generations followed in their great ancestor’s footsteps as Earls of Warwick. But in 1242 the dy nasty came to an end as there was no heir2. After some unfortunate struggles the castle came to Wil liam de Beauchamp in 1268 and stayed in the family for 148 years. Another important represen tative of the family was Richard de Beauchamp (1401-1439). Henry V made him a tutor of his young son, the future Henry VI. Unfortunately, Richard's son Henry had no heir and the dy nasty stopped again. The following years were not easy for the castle and it changed several masters. Another famous owner, Richard Neville, took a very active part in the “Wars of the Roses” where he won himself the title of Kingmaker. But later he was defeated. In 1547, the castle passed to John Dudley, a member of the Protectorate who helped the nine-year-old king rule in the years immediately after the death of Henry VIII. The Dudley family wasn’t lucky either.
1 constable ['kAnstobl] — констебль, одна из высших государственных должностей в Средние века в Англии и Шотландии 2 heir [еэ] — наследник The World We Live in
In 1604, James I presented the castle to Sir Fulke Greville, who had an important place in the British government. He reconstructed the castle and gave it a new life. He decorated the State Rooms and bought many of the paintings and pieces of furniture which are dis played in the castle now. Francis Greville (1853-1924) and his wife Frances, whose nick name was Daisy, held high society parties in the 1890s in the castle.
Warwick Castle is a Grade 1 centuries-old monument for future generations to enjoy. Over the centuries Warwick Castle housed a lot of wonderful events and high society dinners. In 1996 there was a special lunch in the State Dining Room for Queen Elizabeth II and the Duke of Edinburgh during their visit to the castle. Today the castle is open for guests who wish to celebrate in style. While walking in the castle it’s easy to meet a knight or a princess who spend their time in the castle all year round. Warwick has proved itself as a great day out for the family, where visitors are continuously surprised and excited by the number of special events from competitions in jousting1 and archery2 to battle decora tions and daily firing of the medieval military machine. During the summer music concerts are held in the castle.
c) Listen to the text and read it out loud.
7. Fill in the timeline in your Workbook.
The fortress which was used by Ethelfleda, daughter of Alfred the Saxon times the Great, was on the site of Warwick castle in the Saxon times.
1068
1088
1268
1547
1604
1978
8. Say what people can enjoy in Warwick Castle nowadays.
9. Write a summary of the text (10 sentences).
earl, nickname, prolonged, struggle, increasingly, evaporate, defeat, reward ______I______/ 1 joust [cfeaust] — рыцарский турнир 2 archery ['atfari] — стрельба из лука
7 И nit £
ф 1. No. 6а % 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 2
Lesson 55
1 . Look at the pictures on page 9 and speak about:
• the early history of Warwick Castle; • Warwick Castle in the 16th—19th centuries; • Warwick Castle today; • famous owners of Warwick castle.
2a a) Match the antonyms.
1) earl a) victory 2) nickname b) appear 3) prolonged c) servant 4) struggle d) punishment 5) increasingly e) name 6) evaporate f) peace 7) defeat g) short 8) reward h) decreasingly
b) Fill in the words in the correct form.
Wales is sometimes ... “the castle capital of the world”. It has about CAM 400 castles of which over 100 are still standing. They ... the pride PROTECT of the country several times in lots of struggles from the early his tory of Britain till nowadays. Famous owners ... to live there. Earls of USE Pembroke lived in Cardiff Castle for centuries. Richard and Gilbert Pembroke ... known as "Strongbow” because of their skill to use a long and heavy bow. The popularity of Welsh castles ... increasingly today. People ... from all over the world to see GROW, COME the places of prolonged battles of Normans and Saxons. Though the historical memory ... as the time goes on, historical places remain. EVAPORATE Wales ... several rewards for being the country of castles. 3 GET
3. Work in pairs. Look at the pictures on page 9 and make up dialogues. Use the words from exercise 2.
8 The World We Live In - —
r ~ tS>(0iwijo/i, - Whose portrait is this? - William Shakespeare’s. - His nickname was the Bard of Avon, wasn’t it? - Yes, it was. He was born in Stratford-on-Avon.
4. a) Dima is telling his friend Alice about his visit to the State Rooms of Warwick Castle. Listen to their conversation and name the rooms Dima visited.
■ a. The State Dining Room ■ b. The Red Drawing Room ■ c. The Great Hall
■ d. The Cedar1 Drawing ■ e. The Green Drawing ■ f. Queen Anne’s Bedroom Room Room
■ g. The Blue Bedroom 1 cedar — кедр нг Иnit £ b) Listen to the dialogue once again, look at the pictures and describe the State Rooms of W arwick Castle. V-*
*5. W hat Russian palaces do you know? W hat are they famous for? W ho owned them?
6. a) Have you ever visited the Yusupov Palace on the Moika in St Petersburg? Before you read the text, read the following international words and learn to pronounce them.
encyclopedia [in.saiklo'piidio], elite [i'li:t], aristocratic [.aerista'krsetik], interior [m'tiaria], dynasty ['dinastij, associate [o'saujieit], luxurious [Ug'zjuorios], politician [.pnli'tijan], glamorous ['glaemares], chronicles ['krnnikalz], sculpture ['skAlptfa]
b) Read the text and divide it into logical parts. Find the main idea in each part.
TTie Vusupov Palace The Yusupov Palace is often called the “encyclopedia" of St Petersburg’s aristocratic interior design. The history of the palace dates back to the epoch of Peter the Great, who founded St Petersburg in 1703. It took nearly 200 years for the palace to achieve its present shape. Five generations of Russia’s elite aristocratic dynasty, the Yusupovs, owned the pal ace between 1830 and 1917. Many of Russia’s and St Petersburg’s historical events were associated with the Yusupov family nest1 on the Moika. The pre-Yusupov period was a prolonged one and lasted more than a century. In the early 18th century, a small palace was built for Princess Praskovia, Peter the Great’s niece, on the left bank of the Moika River. In 1726, Praskovia gave her house to the Semyonovsky Royal Guard Regiment2, which used the palace until 1742. In the mid-1740s, the palace was bought by Count3 Pyotr Shuvalov. His son Andrei didn’t like the house and a new palace was built in the 1770s. In 1795 the government pur chased it from the Shuvalov dynasty, and Empress Catherine gave it as a reward to her maid of honour4, Countess Alexandra Branitskaya, who owned the palace for 35 years before selling it to her nephew Boris Yusupov. Seven years of remodelling transformed a modest building into a fantastic, luxurious palace for the Yusupov family. Prince Boris soon brought the priceless collection of paintings, glass and jewellery gathered by his father to the new St Petersburg estate. Prince Nikolai Yusupov, Boris’s son, took over the palace in the mid-1850s. He made an excellent career as a politician. In his free time he composed and played music, display ing a great talent in the musical arts. He spent a lot of money on charity5 and patronised the arts. The date the palace was sold to the Yusupovs, March 5, 1830, marked the be ginning of a new, much more dynamic and glamorous era for the old palace, which went down in the Russian history and St Petersburg’s architectural chronicles under the name “The Yusupov Palace”. The beauty and popularity of the palace grew increasingly. Between
1 nest [nest] — гнездо 2 guard regiment — гвардейский полк 3 count [kaunt] — граф 4 maid of honour — фрейлина 6 charity ['tfaeriti] — благотворительность
10 Щ The World We Live in
1840 and 1860 more improvements were added to different rooms of the palace, including a private theatre, winter garden, music room, living rooms, dining rooms, libraries and bed rooms. During World War II the palace was damaged but after the defeat of the Germans it was reconstructed once again. The palace now functions as a cultural centre offering museum activities, theatre performances, music concerts, cultural and educational events. It is open to the public. The palace contains one of the richest collections of furniture, paint ings and sculpture from the 19th century. The rooms show the traditions, tastes and ways of life of the previous centuries.
7. Read the sentences and correct the facts.
1. The Yusupov Palace was built in 1830. 2. The palace was home to the Semyonovsky Royal Guard Regiment in the 17th century. 3. Countess Alexandra Branitskaya bought the palace from Princess Yusupov. 4. Nickolai Yusupov was the first owner of the palace. 5. During World War II the palace was destroyed and later rebuilt. 6. Now the palace functions only as a museum.
8. Say if there is anything in common between the history of W arwick Castle and the Yusupov Palace.
9. W rite an advertisement (10 sentences) about W arwick Castle or the Yusupov Palace which can attract tourists to these places.
Lesson 56
1. You were asked to organize an excursion for a group of foreign students in the Yusupov Palace. Look at the pictures on pages 11—12, choose one room and make an excursion on it. Your teacher will give you information cards.
■ The Hall ■ The Red Dining-Room ■ The Blue Bedroom
11 ■ The Theatre ■ The Moorish Dining-Room
2. a) Listen to the guide, look at the family portraits and put them in the order the guide speaks about them. You have one extra portrait. Say what you’ve learnt about these people.
3. Read the definitions and examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold.
approve [a'piuv] v to think that someone or something is good or suitable. She approves of his choice of clothes. Disapprove; approval. obey [эЪе1] v to do what someone in authority tells you to do, or what a law or rule says you must do. All students should obey the school rules. Disobey. scholar ['skob] n an intelligent and well-educated person; someone who knows a lot about a particular subject. Lomonosov is one of the greatest Russian scholars. qualification [kwnlifi'keif(3)n] n if you have a qualification, you have passed an examination or taken a course to show you have a particular level of skill or knowledge in a subject. This job requires a technical qualification. degree [di'gri:] n a course of study at a university or college or the qualification that is given to you when you have successfully completed the course. Applicants must have a degree in Chemistry. literate ['lit(3)r3t] a able to read and write. Almost all people are literate today. Illiterate.
■ The World We Lire in
4. Match the synonyms. 1) degree a) follow 2) qualification b) scientist 3) scholar c) persuade 4) literate d) help 5) approve e) agree 6) convince f) skills 7) obey g) educated 8) support h) diploma
5. Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with the new words.
1. Russian scientists provide modern science with new facts. 2. He applied to the college but he didn’t have required skills. 3. All the students must follow the teacher’s instructions. 4. All primary school applicants can read and write and are ready to study full-time. 5. The doctor agreed to this treatment for a new patient. 6. He doesn’t have a diploma in engineering.
6. a) Have you ever tried English tea? Read the article and say why the British added milk to their tea.
English Tea Traditions О Britain, and especially England, is strongly associated with tea. A cup of tea is a British tradition, and many people cannot think of the country without thinking of tea. The usual story for the origin of tea drinking involves leaves from a Camellia plant falling by chance into a pot of boiling water 4,700 years ago. The Chinese Emperor Shen Nung tried the resulting drink and liked it. Tea drinking remained a Chinese and then a Japanese custom for many centuries. Tea reached Europe in the seventeenth century when the Portu guese and the Dutch brought tea leaves with silks and spices. When tea was introduced in Britain, it wasn’t welcomed. There was a prolonged struggle among the church, the scholars, the parliament and the aristocracy about delivering tea to England. In 1662 a Portuguese princess married Charles II and requested tea for her daily menu. In this way tea became very popular among the aristocracy. Serving tea was such an impor tant ceremony that husbands usually came home for this great party. Tea was expensive and English aristocracy weren’t afraid to allow people to know that they were wealthy. One of the status symbols was drinking tea. A new tradition appeared at that time, when people had their family portraits painted during the ceremony of drinking tea. By the nineteenth century, however, tea was drunk by all classes in the society. The tea trade between Britain and China grew increasingly. Tea was also thought to have improved the health of British workers in the nineteenth century. To make tea water had to be boiled, which prevented water disease. More and more people supported the tea drinking tradition. О At first tea cups were smaller than now and without handles1. The way an educated lady showed her beauty in those days was by holding a cup of tea. The smaller and the whiter
1 handle ['haendlj — ручка
1 13 the lady’s hands were, the more beautiful the lady was. The important thing about the Eng lish tea was milk. At first tea was drunk black without anything in it. And then people were more and more in a hurry and they started to add milk so that they could drink tea quicker. Maybe sometimes the lady of the house didn’t want to have her guests for too long, that’s why she put more milk in the cups. The tea cooled down and the guests left faster. English ladies had very beautiful China sets1. If a cup was put before the light, people could see through it. So the ladies were convinced that their expensive cups could break after putting boiling water in them. The tradition came to put first milk and only then water. The British offer afternoon tea and high tea. Afternoon tea means drinking tea in the af ternoon, it is a custom which began during the 19th century. The Duchess of Bedford is considered to have started this tradition. The aristocracy usually ate only two meals a day — breakfast and dinner, afternoon tea was approved to sustain people between the meals. Afternoon tea was served along with a light meal between the hours of 3:00-5:00 pm. High tea is actually an early dinner which includes tea. The name was taken from the late hour in which the meal was taken, 5:00-7:00 pm. Another suggestion is that the expression "high tea” comes from the custom of having this meal on high tables, in comparison with afternoon tea which was served on low tables.
b) Listen to the marked part of the text and read it out loud.
T. Answer the questions.
1. When did the tradition of tea drinking begin? 2. Where was it started? 3. Who brought tea to Europe? 4. How did tea become popular in England? 5. What family tradition appeared in the 17th century? 6. How did ladies show their beauty in the 17th-18th centuries? 7. How did Afternoon tea become popular? 8. Why is high tea called so?
8. Work in pairs. Ask and answer the questions below.
• Do you like tea? • What kind of tea do you prefer? • How often do you drink tea? • Who do you drink tea with? • What do you talk about when you drink tea? • Do you have any tea drinking traditions in your family? If so, tell about them.
* 9 . W atch the video at http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zB7dFSFzlNA and write a summary (10 sentences) of English tea drinking tradition.
degree, qualification, scholar, literate, illiterate, approve, approval, disapprove, disapproval, obey, disobey ______/
1 china sets — фарфоровый сервиз «. The World We Lire in
Lesson 57
1. Describe the tea ceremony, add as many facts about English tea as you can.
2. When guests come to an English home, they are offered a cup of tea. And what are hospitality traditions in Russia?
3. a) Listen to the text Tea in Russia and arrange the sentences in the correct order.
1. In 1689 the Siberian Route was constructed. 2. Russia imported more than 3 million pounds of tea. 3. Vasiliy Starkov brought the tsar presents from Mongolia. 4. The Samovar Museum is situated in Tula. 5. In 1668 tea was brought from China. 6. Tea could cure blood and pressure diseases. 7. Only royalty and very rich people were able to buy this drink 8. The samovar made of sugar is displayed in Tula.
*b) Speak about the history of tea in Russia.
4. Fill in the words in the text in the correct form.
Family traditions are always changing. There is no point in ... you that CONVINCE later the relations in the family were more ... than today. Children RESPECT couldn’t disobey their father. He was so strict that ... they were afraid USUAL even to talk to him. The boys were luckier than girls, they had an op portunity to get qualifications and find a ... -paid job. The most talented GOOD of them could get a degree in this or that science and become one of the most ... scholars of their time. But that was ... for boys from FAME, MOST rich families. The father was thought to be the head of the family and he supported his wife and children. The wife usually didn’t work and stayed at home most of the time. Today our modern society gives no ... to that situation. The press says that men and women should have APPROVE
15 equal ... and equal jobs. There are no ... people in our country and girls RIGHT, LITE and boys study together in the class. They have the same chances in RATE life and women don’t depend on men now. This changes the ... in the family. But should mothers work as much as fathers? Is this change for RELATION the better?
5. Work in groups. Discuss the following questions and report your answers to the class.
1. How has the role of men and women in the family changed in the last 20 years? 2. Who works more in your family? Why? 3. How much time should parents spend with their children? 4. Should both parents work? Why? 5. How can parents spend their free time with their children?
6. Read the story and fill in the missing parts, then listen to the text and check yourself.
a. Rhoda was sitting at a low table with porcelain1 and beautiful silver. b. James Cushat-Prinkly was not absolutely indifferent to home influences, obeyed his family and decided to begin discovering someone to share his life with. c. The clock stroke half-past four. d. He hated the whole system of afternoon tea.
Tea After Saki2 James Cushat-Prinkly was a young man who was always sure that one of these days he would marry. Up to the age of thirty-four he had done nothing to support that decision. His mother, his sisters, an aunt-in-residence, and two or three close friends considered his approach to the married state with an increasing disapproval. (1) .... The process of discov ery was carried on by his relatives. The majority of them had chosen Joan Sebastable as the most suitable young woman to whom he might propose3 marriage. James got used to that idea but it was still necessary to ask the lady what she thought about the matter. Cushat-Prinkly walked across the park towards the Sebastable residence in a slightly worried mood. Proposing marriage, even to a nice girl like Joan, was a rather difficult business. (2) .... He would arrive at the Sebastable house just at the hour of afternoon tea. Joan would sit at a low table with silver kettles and cream-jugs and porcelain teacups and ask little friendly questions about weak or strong tea, how much, if any, sugar, milk, cream, and so forth. “You do take milk, don’t you? Would you like some more hot water, if it’s too strong?” Cushat-Prinkly had read of such things in lots of novels, and his own experiences had told him that they were true to life. (3) .... The man was afraid that his wish might evaporate if he found Joan Sebastable at her tea-table, and to prolong his journey he decided to visit Rhoda Ellam, a friend of his. She had her own business of selling hats and seemed to live happily. Rhoda welcomed him into a clean and comfortable room.
1 porcelain f'po:s(3)l mj — фарфор 2 Hector Hugh Munro (1870-1916) a British writer, better known as Saki 3 propose [ргэ'рэиг] — предлагать The World We Live in
“I’m having a picnic meal,” she claimed. “There’s caviar in that jar. Begin on that brown bread-and-butter while I cut some more. Find yourself a cup; the teapot is behind you. Now tell me about hundreds of things." She didn’t speak more about food, but talked amus ingly and made her visitor talk amusingly too. Cushat- Prinkly found that he was enjoying an excellent tea and discussing different questions with Rhoda. “And now tell me why you have come to see me,” said Rhoda suddenly. “Did you come about hats?” “No, I didn’t,” said her visitor. “In fact, I don’t think I really came about anything. I was passing and I just thought I’d look in and see you. But can you listen to me?” Some forty minutes later James Cushat-Prinkly re turned to his family with an important piece of news. “I’m engaged to be married,” he announced. “Ah, we knew it! We saw it coming!” “I’ll bet you didn’t,” said Cushat-Prinkly. “If anyone had told me at lunch-time today that I was go ing to ask Rhoda Ellam to marry me and that she was going to accept me, I would have laughed at the idea.” The family couldn’t speak for some moments. It was rather strange to change his interest so suddenly. But it was his choice and their reward. On a September afternoon of the same year, after the honeymoon had ended, Cushat-Prinkly came into the drawing-room of his new house in Granchester Square. (4) .... She offered him a cup of tea and asked in a pleasant voice: “You like it weaker than that, don’t you? Shall I put some more hot water to it? No?”
7. Read the sentences below and say if they are true, false or no information is given in the text about it.
1. James Cushat-Prinkly wanted to get married. 2. His family didn’t want him to marry Rhoda Ellam. 3. Joan Sebastable was the only woman James Cushat-Prinkly knew. 4. James Cushat-Prinkly hated tea. 5. Tea drinking ceremony is the same all over England. 6. Rhoda Ellam invited James Cushat-Prinkly to tea. 7. They had the traditional English tea. 8. Rhoda Ellam differed from all other women.
8. a) Retell the story as if you are:
• James Cushat-Prinkly; • James’s mother; • Rhoda Ellam.
b) Change the dialogue between Janies Cushat-Prinkly and Rhoda Ellam into Reported Speech. Библиотека МАОУ СОШ № 31 инв. \ & / Н 5 Й к 9. W rite a short article (10 sentences) for your school newspaper about the history of tea in Russia.
Lesson 58
1 . Listen to the description of four sisters and match the pictures with their names. Describe the sisters.
*2. Work in groups. W hat can the appearance say about a person? Look at the picture in exercise 1 and answer the following questions. Report your answers to the class.
1. What kind of character does each sister have? 2. What is their occupation? 3. What is their hobby?3
3. Listen to the extract from the novel Little Women by Louisa M. Alcott. Then read the sentences and choose the correct answer a, b, or c.
1. The sisters ... enjoy their life, a) had to b) did c) didn’t h The World We Live in
2. Their father was .... a) at war b) at work c) dead
3. Jo wanted to buy ... for Christmas. a) pencils b) a book c) new music
4. ... was working with children. a) Beth b) Meg c) Amy
5. Amy ... going to school. a) enjoyed b) hated c) looked forward to
6. The girls were happier than the King children because they ... a) had more money b) worked a lot c) were nice girls.
4. Answer the questions.
1. Why were the girls sad? 2. What did they want for Christmas? 3. Why did they decide to buy presents? 4. What was the girls’ occupation? 5. What does the phrase “We were happier than the King children, for they were fight ing all the time, in spite of their money” mean?
5. Dima was in a hurry when he was writing the letter. Read the letter and say which word is extra in each line.
A - 7 \ Dear Alice, Thankyou for your the letter about the excursion to the Tretiakov Gallery. Did you go with your parents or with your school? Here in London almost all museums have been schools. We got a class in History in the Museum of London the last Friday. The museum offers a rich programme of free classes and doing video-conferences for primary and secondary schools, we went for A Day Out On the Old London Bridge, we had learntabouthouses on the bridge and the people and other animals that used the bridge every day. Then we compared houses on London Bridge in the 1400s and 1600s with our own houses. Ordinary Londoners would lived in houses with thatched roofs with clay and wooden walls. Floors were be made of clay with straw spread on them. Most activity in the house took a place around the hearth, the source of heat in the winter and where food was cooked throughoutthe all year. Can you imagine that there was got only one bridge, London Bridge, across the Thames. The bridge was very busy with traffic, so the most quickest way to get across the river was by boat, which cost one penny. Best wishes, Dima Vi Unit в
Life of Children in the P est a. In medieval London children only went to school if their parents were rich enough. If a family was poor, a child went to work as soon as he was able to - sometimes being seven years old, he had to support his family. Many children went into service working as maids, page boys and did other jobs in wealthier houses, but still were illiterate. But there was also time for playing, chronicles tell us about boys playing ball and in winter going sledging and skating, using animal bone skates. b. Most poor children didn’t have a chance to attend school. Families with more money could pay for children to be taught by a priest or at a grammar school such as St Paul’s. School days were long: from 7 am until 5 pm in winter and from 6 am until 6 pm in summer. Lessons included a lot of reading aloud, learning by repeating the rules. Children had to obey their teachers and were beaten if they got things wrong. At the age of 14 children could become apprentices1 to learn a trade, they didn’t get any qualifications or degrees. Apprenticeship lasted for 7 years, apprentices worked for free in return for food, clothes and bed. c. At that time children lived very different lives from children today. Poor children of ten had to work to earn money for their families. Many worked with their parents at home or in workshops, making matchboxes or sewing. Children could also earn a bit of money as chimney-sweepers, messengers or crossing-sweepers. Crossing the street in the 19th century could be dirty and dangerous. Sweepers cleared the way for rich people to cross the road without dirtying their clothes. In the 1850s one in nine girls over the age of ten worked as domestic servants in wealthy homes. Send ing children to school could mean the family losing the money they could earn if they worked. Boarding schools were opened in the 1870s to provide basic school ing. Richer children were often taught at home by a private tutor. Boys then went to boarding schools. Middle class children went to grammar schools or private acad emies. d. Victorian children didn’t have as many toys and clothes as children do today and many of them were home-made. It was common for poor families to pawn2 their Sunday best clothes on a Monday morning. They would then collect the clothes on a Saturday, which was payday, so they could wear them again on Sunday. Boots and shoes were the most expensive things and some children went barefoot even in win ter. Poor children often made their own toys such as rag balls or, if they were lucky,
1 apprentice [a'prentis] — подмастерье, ученик 2 pawn [рэ:п] — закладывать
20 The World We Live in
bought cheap penny toys. Wealthier children played with dolls with wax or china faces, toy soldiers and train sets. The toys were usually given to children in their Christmas stockings. Toys were often chosen in order to teach children something. Shoe black dolls were sold to raise funds to protect poor children who worked as shoe blacks. Shoe blacks were children who cleaned boots and shoes for a living. Such dolls were bought by richer families to show their children how difficult the life of poorer children was. After church on Sunday children often played with toys.
7. Here are the answers. Make up the questions.
1. To support the family. 2. From 7 am until 5 pm in the winter and from 6 am until 6 pm in the summer. 3. Food, clothes and bed. 4. Maids, page boys, chimney-sweepers, messengers or crossing sweepers. 5. In the 1870s. 6. Their Sunday best clothes. 7. Dolls, toy soldiers and train sets.
*8. Compare the life of British children today and in the past. The following points will help you:
• Children’s education • Jobs for teenagers • Children’s labour • Toys and clothes • Apprenticeship 9
9. Write a composition (10 sentences) about changes in the life of children in the 20th century. r Homewoi
1. No. 6 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 6, 9
Lesson 59
1. What is the 1st of September to you? W hat do you wait for on the first school day every year? Describe your first day at school.
21 Hnit £ 2 a Listen to the text about the 1st of September and put the sentences in the correct order. You’ll need the following names to understand the text. Read v“* them out loud.
Constantine the Great, John III, St Simon’s day, Peter the Great
1. Children go to school on different days in different countries. 2. Peter the Great put New Year on the 1st of January. 3. New Year started in March or April in Russia. 4. The 1st of September was a special day for children for a long time. 5. The 1st of September was called the beginning of new year. 6. The first school day came on the first day of a new year. 7. The 1st of September was made an official holiday. 8. John III changed the date of New Year for autumn.
3 . Read the definitions and examples and guess the meaning of the new words in bold.
argue ['a:qju-] v to disagree with someone in words, often in an angry way. They argued about their holidays. Argument admire [od'mare] v look at with pleasure or satisfaction. Look through the window and admire the view! Admiration fee [fi:] n an amount of money that you pay to do something or that you pay to a profes sional person for his work. The university fee was large. jealous ['cfcetas] a feeling angry and unhappy because someone has something that you wish you had. Never feel jealous of your friends. Jealousy pretend [pn'tend] v to behave as if something is true when in fact you know it is not, in order to deceive people or for fun. He pretended to know the subject better. revise [nVaiz] v to study facts again in order to learn them before an examination. Students revise English grammar for their exam.
4. a) Read the dialogue and pay attention to the words in italics. Choose the correct word.
Alice: Dima, are you attending classes in public or in private school? Dima: In public, of course. The price/fee/jealous is very high in private schools. Alice: Do British students argue/pretend/obey with their teachers? Dima: Very seldom, it’s impolite. If they do, they revise/regret/upset afterwards. Alice: Do you have a lot of material to obey/revise/attend? Dima: Yes. And I can’t convince/regret/pretend that I’m learning, I must learn all the sub jects or I fail the exams. Alice: You always have excellent marks. Are other students regret/literate/jealous of you? Dima: No, they all study very well. Alice: I argue/admire/regret you and your learning skills!
*b) Express your opinion about: • public and private schools arguing with teachers; in Russia; revising for an exam; • educational fee; jealousy among students. • students pretending to study;
c) Change the dialogue into Reported Speech.
22 The World We Live in
5 . Complete the sentences with the new words in the correct form.
1. Helen ... missing so many classes. 2. Peter ... John Constable’s works. 3. Don’t be upset. She is ... of your good marks. 4. Let’s ... for the exams, we’ve got only one week left. 5. This is no use in ..., let’s go first to the cinema and then to the cafe. 6. He ... to listen to the tutor attentively but at the exam he could say nothing. 7. This is a private school, the ... is 50 pounds a term.
6. a) Look at the tables and compare the systems of education in Britain and in the USA.
School School Education & Country Certificate age type ty p e ______Primary: 5-11 Infant (2 years) Primary Junior (4 years) Comprehensive Secondary: General Certificate Secondary Comprehensive of Secondary Educa Secondary Modern 11-16 tion (GCSE)/Vocational Academic Grammar School The UK Certificate of Secondary Secondary CTC (City Technology Education Technical College) General Certificate of Education Advanced 16-18 Sixth Form Level (GCEAL)/Vocational Sixth Form Certificate of Education Advanced Level (VCEAL)
School School Education Country Certificate age type type
6 -1 0/ Elementary Primary 6-14
10-14 Middle Middle The USA High School Diploma 13-18 High Secondary (Standard/Vocational/ 13-15 Junior High Junior Secondary Honour/Academic Prepa 15-18 Senior High Upper secondary ratory)
23 b) Read Ann’s and Mike’s opinions about studying at school. Say what type of school you would prefer and why.
Ann: That was a difficult question for me and for my parents. We discussed all advantages and disadvantages of state and public (private) schools in England, read a lot of information on the Internet, consulted our friends. Finally it was decided to send me to a public school. Usually they are better equipped, but the fee is rather high. In my school we have all modern facilities: a big gym, a swimming pool, a tennis court, a nice canteen and even a library. We can bring books of our own there to support it. We have a number of computer classes and free Internet access. It makes communication easy, recently we’ve organized an intercultural project with our friends from Russia and we talked to each other online and even had some e-classes. We were sitting in the classroom and saw our friends on the screen. That was re ally exciting. Another advantage is that the class size is smaller. We’re only 15 in my class and in state schools there are about 35 or 40 students. In a public school every student has individual attention and I think that’s better. As for teaching, it’s very difficult to say. There are a lot of perfect teachers in both types of schools. But public schools hire teachers with higher qualifications or a degree. To enter a public school I had to take exams and they were really difficult. It’s very interesting to study in my school but it takes a lot of time and effort. You should attend all classes and if you miss something you’ll write a report in this subject. A student can’t pretend that he is studying hard and really has good marks. Unfortunately, I’ve got no free time for hobbies and almost no time for rest, we have a lot of tests and I must revise something every weekend. But I learn a lot and I’m really happy at my school.
Mike: There are public (state) and private schools in the USA. Usually parents argue a lot where, to send their child and finally choose the school depending on the place where they live and on the financial situation of the family. If parents have enough money, they send their children to private schools and pay regular fee every year. I didn’t have any chance to choose. My parents are well-off but we live in a small village 70 km from the city. Of course there are no private schools here. At first I was very upset but after the first week I understood how wrong I had been. My school is perfect. There are 30 students in my class and we all live like a big family, we not only study together but we spend our free time in the same school clubs, take part in all school competitions as one team, we support each other in everything and as we are thirty we have birthday parties twice a month. We are not jealous of one another, as there are only two shops in our village and all students have al most the same copy-books, bags, bicycles and so on. We do a lot of group and project work in our classes. Of course there’s no free Internet access in every class but we have a good library and we know how to work with real books. Mr Jenkins, one of our favourite teachers, used to be a professor in Harvard University, then he left the city for this village and brought his fantastic library with him. He says that it’s more comfortable to do a research in a calm village than in a busy city. Only the best students are allowed to use his library, so we’re trying to be the best and collect precious material for our essays and projects. Now I don’t regret studying in a public school and would never change my school for a private one. 7
7. Read the sentences and correct the facts.
1. UK students receive secondary education from the age of 11 till the age of 18. 2. Primary school in the UK consists of elementary school and junior school. 3. UK students get General Certificate of Secondary Education only after comprehensive school. 4. US high school includes middle school and senior high school. 5. As a result of primary education UK students get High School Diplomas. 6. School in the USA is compulsory for children from 6 to 15. The World We Live in
7. Ann studies at an English public school and that means the school is free. 8. There are no entrance exams in British public schools. 9. Mike studies at an American public school and that means the school requires a fee. 10. Teachers use only traditional methods of teaching (reading, retelling, writing) in Ameri can public schools.
8. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
• Why does Ann/Mike like her/his school? • What advantages/disadvantages are there in fee paying/no fee paying schools?
9. You are to choose a school to study in Britain for a year. W rite a letter (10 sentences) to a British educational office about the type of school (public or state) you would like to study at. Explain why.
Useful Language 0 argue, admire, fee, jealous, pretend, revise
Lesson 60
l . Speak about education in Britain and in America. Discuss the following points:
•types of education; • school year and holidays; •types of schools; • subjects; • school uniform; • exams; • number of terms; • qualifications. b) Say if the following sentences are true or false. Correct the false ones.
1. Rhoda Chester was the only child in the family. 2. Rhoda’s parents wanted to send her to school. 3. Rhoda’s mother regretted that decision. 4. Rhoda pretended to be the most beautiful and the smartest of all girls in the world. 5. Rhoda’s governess Fraulein was getting married and left Rhoda’s house. 6. Rhoda’s brother supported his father in his decision. 7. Rhoda had to go to school because she was not literate. 8. Rhoda’s mother was afraid that the girl would be afraid to live at school.
3. a) Match the words to make phrases. 1. prolonged a) scholar 2. admire b) struggling teams 3. revise c) conference 4. argue d) degree 5. obey e) masterpieces 6. well-known f) the school rules 7. scientific g) with your friends 8. convince h) for a test
b) Make up your own sentences using the phrases.
4. Rewrite the sentences using the new words in brackets.
1. Emily enjoyed visiting the royal gardens in London. (ADMIRE) 2. Parents pay a lot of money for their children in public schools. (FEE) 3. This material should be read for the next exam. (REVISE) 4. John has never felt sorry about choosing a state school. (REGRET) 5. Students shouldn’t quarrel about such unimportant things. (ARGUE) 6. Lucy likes to show that she speaks English well, but she doesn’t. (PRETEND) 7. Sue always says that she doesn’t like my clothes but then asks her parents to buy her the same things. (JEALOUS) 8. Students must follow the school rules. (OBEY) 9. My parents agree with my decision to continue education at school. (APPROVE)
*5. Work in pairs. Your teacher will give you a picture of a school. One of you is a head-master and the other is a student who wants to get some information about this school. Choose the roles and make up a dialogue. Use the words in the box.
m reward ■ literate ■ admire ■ argue ■ increasingly ■ approve ■ revise ■ jealous ■ degree ■ convince ■ regret ■ qualification ■ obey ■ fee ■ scholar ■ support ■ pretend J ______, The World We Live in
6. a) Rhoda Chester was sent to a boarding school. Tell the class what sort of life awaits her there and what difficulties she could have.
b) Read another extract from the novel Tom and Some Other Girls and say if your opinion was a correct one.
Tom and Some Other Girls After Mrs George de Horne Vaizey
Part II From three to four was the time put aside for writing home. Each girl wanted to share her feelings with her dearest, to tell the latest news, and report changes of class. Rhoda had never been so unhappy in her life. The girls were hateful, domineering, and unfriendly — Miss Bruce had spoken to her three times only — the food was good enough in its way, but so plain1 that she couldn’t simply live without something nice; the lessons were dif ficult, the hours awfully long. Thomasine, their head girl, made them revise every rule and the other girls admired her. Rhoda was jealous. It took three whole sheets to complete the list of troubles. Everything she had said was true but she hadn’t mentioned the pleasant things — Miss Everett’s sweetness, Fraulein’s praise, hours of relaxation in the grounds, signs of friendliness on the part of the girls, early hours and regular exercises, which sent her to the simple meals with an appetite she had never known at home. Five days at school, and on the whole there had been as much pleasure as troubles. “I can hardly wait until Monday morning. I am looking forward to knowing how you are there!" Rhoda read these words in her mother’s letter, and looked slowly down upon her own letter. Well! It would arrive, and be placed on the breakfast-table, and her mother would come hur rying into the room, and take it with a little cry of joy. She would read it over, and then — then she would hand it to her husband, and take out her handkerchief and begin to cry. Mr Chester would support her kindly, but she would cry quietly, and he, also, would look worried and troubled; while Harold would say that everyone must go through the same stage before settling down. She had been so spoiled2 at home! She pretends to be unhappy. Rhoda felt defeated. Five days’ experience at school had convinced her that crying was use less. She remembered: “If you are hurt — bear3 it! If you are laughed at — look nice! If you are blamed4 — do better next time! If you feel sad — don’t show it to anyone, smile and don’t be a baby!” Such were the Spartan rules of the new life, and suddenly Rhoda felt ashamed to write such a letter home. Was it not possible to represent the truth from the bright side as well as the dark, to describe the kindnesses she had received, and leave arguments untold? Yes, it was possible; she would do so, and prevent her dear ones from the pain of feeling troubled for her unhappiness. So the thick sheets were thrown away.
1 plain [plein] — простой, обыкновенный 2 spoil [spoil] — баловать, портить 3 bear [Ьеэ] — выносить, терпеть 4 blame [bleim] — винить
27 7. Choose the correct answer а, Ъ or c.
1. Rhoda spent ... at school, a) two weeks b) 5 days c) half a year
2. Other girls were ... with her. a) unfriendly b) polite c) indifferent
3. She was ... at school, a) happy b) obedient c) miserable
4. The girl ... food at school. a) didn’t eat b) ate with appetite c) ate a lot of
5. The classes were .... a) interesting b) prolonged c) difficult
6. There were ... pleasant moments in Rhoda’s life, a) no b) a lot of c) some
7. Her ... would be upset when they read her letter, a) parents b) mother c) father
8. One should ... to live at school, a) argue b) obey c) defend oneself
8. Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
1. Why was Rhoda so unhappy? 2. Why was it difficult for her to communicate with other girls? 3. Is it a common situation when a new person comes to school? Why? 4. Rhoda decided to rewrite her letter. How does it characterize her, her attitude to the family? 5. Are the rules in Rhoda's school fair? What are the rules in your school?
9 . W rite a letter to your pen friend, describe the events of the last five days.
Homework
1. No. 6 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 6b, 9
Project: Rules at Home and Rules at School What kind of person is considered to be an excellent child and an excellent student? What makes a person well-educated?
J The World We Live in
Lesson 61
l a Look at the chart “Education in Russia” and compare it with the systems of education in England and America (see page 23).
Education in Russia
School Country School type Certificate Education type age
6-11 Elementary Primary
Certificate of Basic Secondary Half 11-16 Middle Russia General Education Completed
Certificate of Secondary 16-17 Secondary Secondary Education
2> Listen to the extract from the novel Daddy-Long-Legs by Jean Webster. Did Judy like the farm? Why/why not?
3a Put the sentences in the correct order.
1. Judy came to Lock Willow Farm. 2. She finished her last examination. 3. Judy looked after domestic animals on the farm. 4. She wrote a letter to her trustee. 5. Judy used to live in the John Grier Home. 6. The girl unpacked her cases and explored the farm. 7. The girl helped separate cream.
4. a) Read the extract from the novel Three Men in a Boat and fill in the missing parts. Then listen to the text and check yourself.
a) I know what it is, old man; you’ve got a chill. b) There you dream that an elephant has suddenly sat down on your chest. c) We said it would be so wild and free. d) It is difficult enough to fix a tent in dry weather: in wet, the task becomes herculean. Three Men in a Boat After Jerome K. Jerome We took out the maps and discussed plans. We arranged to start on the following Saturday from Kingston. Harris and I would go down in the morning and take the boat up to Chertsey, and George, who would not be able to get away from the City till the afternoon, would meet us there. Should we “camp out” or sleep at inns? George and I were for camping out. (1) We run our boat into some quiet place, and the tent is put up, and a little supper cooked and eaten. Then we talked about different things, shared our secrets and enjoyed the nature. Harris said: “How about when it rained?” You can never understand Harris. There is no poetry about him, he never cries, he knows not why. If Harris’s eyes fill with tears, you can bet it is because Harris has been eating raw onions, or has put too much pepper over his sausages. If you were to stand at night by the sea-shore with Harris, and say: “Do you not hear? Is it but the mermaids1 singing deep below the waving waters?” Harris would take you by the arm, and say: “(2) ... Now, you come along with me. I know a place round the corner here, you’ll be fine in a few minutes." In the present moment, however, as about the camping out, his practical view of the matter came as a very timely advice. Camping out in rainy weather is not pleasant. It is evening. You are wet and there is water in the boat, and all the things are wet. You find a place on the banks and you land and try to put up the tent, and two of you succeed to fix it. (3) ... Instead of helping you, it seems to you that the other man is simply playing the fool. “Here! What are you up to?” you call out. “What are YOU up to?” he answers. “Don’t do so; you’ve got it all wrong!” you shout. “No, I haven’t,” he shouts back. “I tell you you’ve got it all wrong!” you cry. And your tent is still on the ground. At last, somehow or other, it does get up, and you land the things. Rainwater is in the bread, beefsteak-pie, jam and butter. After supper you go to bed. (4) ... You wake up and understand that something terrible really has happened. Your first impression is that the end of the world has come. No help comes, however, and all you know is that thousands of people are kicking you. You struggle out of the tent.
b) Find the Direct Speech in the text and transform it into Reported Speech.
5 a Discuss the questions.
1. Do you like camping? Why/why not? 2. In your opinion, who was right, Harris or George and the author? 3. What travelling difficulties did the author mention? What other difficulties may oc cur during the trip? 4. Do you prefer travelling with a big company or with a small one? Why?
1 mermaid ['mxmeidj — русалка The World We Live in
6. Project. Present Rules at Home and Rules at School to the class.
NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING
Lesson 62
PARTI
Listening
1. Listen to five students talking about their family traditions. Match the speakers 1—5 with the titles a—f. There is one extra title you don’t need to use.
Speaker 1 a. My Mother Gave Me This Tradition. Speaker 2 b. Traditions Are Not Always Good. Speaker 3 c. A Tradition with a Very Long History. Speaker 4 d. Best Traditions Are Made Together. Speaker 5 e. Compromise May Be Found Even with Traditions. f. One Place for Different Hobbies.
2 . Listen to the first part of the story Buried Treasure written by the well-known American writer O. Henry and decide if the sentences are true, false or not
stated. A®:
1. May Martha Mangum was a pretty and well-educated girl. 2. The narrator and Goodloe Banks were true friends. 3. May Martha and her father suddenly left the town. 4. Goodloe Banks and the narrator tried to find May Martha together. 5. The narrator’s friend Lee Rundle brought him a map of the buried treasure. 6. Lee Rundle had no idea what to do with the money.
PART II
Reading
1> Read five stories about different hobbies. Match the hobbies with the descriptions. There is one extra description you don’t need to use.
31 a. You learn a lot of new things. d. It helps you to keep fit. b. You can do it on your own. e. A good way to make friends. c. It gives you choice. f. Good for your health.
1. Fishing is the best hobby in the world. You don’t need any expensive equipment, you don’t need any help of your friends, you don’t need to travel long distances to enjoy it. You can go in for fishing all year round! It’s very good for your health, you stay in the open air, you enjoy the nature, you eat fresh fish. Enjoy fishing any time! 2. Cooking is the best hobby in the world. You can experiment with food, invent new reci pes, lay the table in different ways. Cooking is very good for your health. When you cook, you know what kind of products should be used in different dishes, you know how to grow them and how to choose between a good and a bad thing. If you cook wonderfully, your friends will always enjoy visiting you. Not many people nowadays can cook on their own and cook really well. 3. Training a dog is the best hobby in the world. You wake up early in the morning and have a good walk with your dog. After that you feel full of energy for the whole day. In the evening you walk with your dog in the park andmeet other boys and girls with dogs. It’s a good way to make friends. Or you can go to a sports ground and train your dog and yourself there. That’s a great opportunity to improve your health and to communicate with nature. 4. Cycling is the best hobby in the world. When you are tired of studying and communicat ing with your friends, take your bicycle and ride wherever you want. You can ride in the city and practise some difficult jumps and tricks or you can ride to the forest and just enjoy the nature riding your bike. You can stop when you want to, pick some flowers or berries, have a walk and continue your trip. Cycling gives you freedom. 5. Collecting things is a great hobby. For example, you can collect coins. The more you get the more intelligent you become. When you get a coin, you learn about the country it is from. History, geography, economy and sometimes personal stories open to you with every coin. You have the opportunity not only to learn the information but also to feel it and to show it to your friends.
2. Read the second part of the story Buried Treasure and decide if the sentences below are true, false or not stated.
Buried Treasure
Part II Lee and I put a camp. Across the river were a dozen little mountains. The grandson of the treasure and I examined those hills with the care of a lady hunting for the wicked fly. We spent four days doing so and found nothing. After some time I met Goodloe Banks in one of Snyder’s saloons and told him about my expedition after the buried treasure. He glanced at the map and laughed a lot. “Well, you are a fool, Jim,” he said, when he could speak, and explained the mistake in our counting. “The distance, from north to south, of the line run from the Spanish mission,” said he, “is exactly twenty-two miles. It was run by a pocket-compass, according to your story. Allowing for the variation, the point on the Alamito River where you should have searched for your treasure is exactly six miles and nine hundred and forty-five farther west than the place you hit upon. Oh, what a fool you are, Jim!” “What is this variation that you speak of?” I asked. “I thought figures never lied." The World We Live in
“The variation of the magnetic compass,” said Goodloe, “from the true meridian. Suppose you let me look over that paper describing the location. Perhaps together we might — The result was that Goodloe Banks and I, enemies in love, became companions in adventure. We came to the mountains once again. It was night when we arrived. I fed the horses and made a fire near the bank of the river and cooked supper. Goodloe would have helped, but his education had not fitted him for practical things. The next morning was a bright June one. We were up early, had breakfast and were ready to explore each hill on the other side of the river. Goodloe looked at the map once again and suddenly gave a cry. “Come here,” he said, holding the paper up against the sunlight. “Look at that," he said, laying his finger against it. On the blue paper — a thing I had never noticed before — I saw stand out in white letters the word and figures: “Malvern, 1898.” “What about it?” I asked. “It’s the water-mark,” said Goodloe. “The paper was manufactured in 1898. The writing on the paper is dated 1863. This is a fraud1.” Goodloe used all sorts of words which good education permitted him to describe what a fool I was, but I didn’t give up. “I am going to search that mountain,” I went on, “for the treasure. Decide now whether you are in it or not.” Goodloe left and I went to examine the hill. It was a wonderful June day. Never in my life had I seen so many birds and butterflies. In the end I found nothing. I came down the hill in the cool of the afternoon and suddenly saw a man trying to catch a giant butterfly. And then I took a few more steps and saw a cottage near the small spring. And May Martha Mangum picking wild flowers. “I knew you would come, Jim,” she said clearly. “Father wouldn’t let me write, but I knew you would come”.
1. The narrator shared his adventures with Goodloe Banks. 2. Goodloe explained that the narrator held the map in the wrong way. 3. The narrator and his friend searched the hills for a long time. 4. Goodloe didn’t believe in the buried treasure. 5. May Martha was waiting for the narrator. 6. The narrator found his treasure.
Lesson 63
PARTI
Use of English (Grammar and Vocabulary)
Change the words in capitals to complete the text.
The Monkey and the Camel At a ... of all the animals the monkey MEET ... an exhibition of dancing and entertained the company a lot. GIVE
1 fraud [fro:d] — обман, мошенничество There ... great applause at the end which BE ... by the camel who wanted to be popular too. NOTICE He wanted to become famous by the same .... MEAN So he got up from his place and began ..., but the dance DANCE was so ... done that all the animals laughed at ... a lot. BAD, HE
2 . Change the words in capitals to complete the text.
The Lion and the Hare
A lion ... a hare ... under a tree and was just going to catch it FIND, SLEEP when he caught site of a ... stag. Forgetting the hare, PASS he ran after the ... game. But after a long run he couldn’t BIG ... the stag and decided to come for the hare. CATCH But when he reached the place he found that the hare ... already LEAVE and he had to go without ... dinner. HE “It serves ... right,” he said. “I should have been I ... with what I had.” HAPPY
P A R T II
Writing
You have received a letter from your friend who writes: f ' - ' 1 1 Л Last week I had a task to write an essay "My parents and Me". On the whole I have good relationships with my parents but sometimes I feel that they don't understand me. For example, when I'm 15 minutes late after meeting my friends they argue with me a lot. I can't understand why these 15 minutes are so im portantforthem . I'd like to have some changes in our relationships. And what aboutyou? Do you have any problems in relationships with your parents? What are they? What advice can you give to your parents to improve your relationships? *3
W rite an answer to this letter (100—120 words). Express your opinion and answer 3 questions. Remember the rules of letter writing. Lesson 64
Speaking
Task 1
Give 1.5—2 minute talk on family traditions.
Remember to say: • why people need family traditions; • what family traditions there are in your family; • what traditions you would like to have in your family.
Task 2
There are going to be some changes in your school curriculum: • new subjects; • holiday dates; • more technologies in traditional lessons.
Discuss their strong and weak points with your friend and choose the one both of you think should be introduced first.
Remember to: • discuss all the points; • be polite; • take an active part in the conversation.
s______^
Lesson 65 R eserve Lesson 66 Test Lessons 67, 68 Home Reading 1. Work in groups. Discuss the ways you spend your free time.
• Is it easy to find interesting ways of spending your free time? • What ways of spending free time do you think are the most/least interesting? • What are the most/least popular ways of spending free time among teenagers/adults/ elderly people in Russia?
2. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold.
benefit [ЪетйЦ n an advantage, improvement or help that you get from something. I f y o u join Literature Club you will get more benefits. consider [kan'sida] v to think about something carefully, especially before making a choice or decision. Mrs Smith was considering a trip to London at the end of the term. entertain [.ento'tein] v 1. to interest people in a way that gives them pleasure. A m u s e u m should entertain as well as educate. 2. to invite people to your home for a meal, party, etc. My mum usually does the cooking while I entertain. let [let] v 1. to allow somebody to do something by giving them permission. He let Florence show the way. 2. to rent, to allow somebody to use your house or flat for regular payment. “To L e t ” signs hang everywhere in this city. society [ss'saiati] n a large group of people who live together in an organized way, making decisions about how to do things and sharing the work that needs to be done. Our society isn’t ecologically friendly. spare [spea] a 1. not in use but kept for use if needed. Bring some spare clothes, please. 2 . spare time or free time is the time when you are not working or studying. What do you do in your spare time?
Зш a) Read the dialogue, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one.
Dima: Hi Alice! I haven’t seen you for ages. How’ve you been? Alice: Just fine, it’s been a long time. And how are you? Dima: Pretty good. What are you doing in your leisure/spare/evening time this week? Alice: I’ll go to my leisure centre. Consider/let/think us go together. Dima: Well, what facilities are available there? Is it a closed society/event/spare ? Alice: No, everyone can join in. There are a lot of modern facilities, but I get the most c a r e / advantage/benefit of the swimming pool.
36 The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
Dima: Alice, why don’t we go to the cinema this weekend? Alice: I’ll think of/after/look at/consider your invitation, thank you. But on Saturday I’m en- tertaining/meeting/leaving/visiting considering my uncle and my aunt. Come to my place if you like. My parents would love to meet you.
*b) Retell the dialogue in Indirect Speech,
c) Put the dialogue in Reported Speech.
GRAMMAR
■ Tag Questions (Revision)
4. a) Complete the sentences with the new words in the correct form.
1. ... should obey the law, shouldn’t it? 2. There are a lot of houses to ... in your city, aren’t there? 3. There are a lot of theme parks in your area which ... and educate, aren’t there? 4. People don’t enjoy their hobbies in their ... time, do they? 5. Shakespeare isn’t ... one of the best playwrights in the world, is he? 6. Few people get real ... of doing sports, don’t they?
b) Answer the questions from exercise 4a.
5. Listen to the five students talking about a Cinema Festival. Match the speaker with the genre of the film and put a tick in the chart in your Workbook. There is one extra genre you don’t need to use. V V
a) comedy b) detective c) cartoon d) western e) adventure f) documentary
■ Fiona ■ John ■ Mike
6. Dima and Alice went to the Cinema Festival and after that sent e-mails to their friends. Read the texts and say if they had the same impressions of the festival.
37 Unit @
то U$a(u gmail.com ! и 1...... ^______. sutKct Festival Hi Lisa, I came across Dima some days ago and he invited me to the Cinema Festival. It was Sunday and there were crowds of people there. We could hardly watch the programme of the festival. The place was small and quite uncomfortable. We chose two films. I've been dreaming to watch Wuthering Heights' after reading this novel. I hope you remember it, the author is Emily Bronte, it's her best novel. I chose the old version of the film. It was directed by William Wyler in 1939.1 enjoyed the film greatly. Heathcliff, the main character, was played by Laurence Olivier and Catherine Earnshow by Merle Oberon. I was impressed with the way of acting, though I consider the book to be better. Some episodes were not shown in the film, some were done in another way. For example, the film has a happy ending, but that wasn't in the book. There were some presentations of new films, but I didn't like them. I prefer watching films based on novels. In the evening we happened to meet Konstantin Khabensky.There was a press-conference where he spoke about his life, cinema and theatre career. Most of the questions were about the film Admiral and the play — Duck Hunt. I haven't seen it, so if you're interested, let's go and see. On the whole we spent a nice day and I invited Dima to my place next Saturday. I'm entertaining Paul and Helen, join us if you can. And how did you spend your weekend? Love, Alice
щ j to.. p l3p$ . :yatoo.com------...... ------= iu4*t ____ Hi Paul, What's new? How was the history contest you took part in? I went to the Cinema Festival on Sunday. Alice asked me to join her, she had two tickets and was looking forward to watching some new films. The festival was great, there was a lot of people there, we all talked about films, plays and books. After twenty minutes we managed to find the programme and to my surprise Alice chose a very old film, I don't remember its name, based on some book. You can imagine what I felt. I'm not particularly fond of love stories, especially old ones, though I said nothing and watched it silently.The only benefit was that after the film we visited Konstantin Khabensky's conference. I adore him, I've watched almost all his films. I even asked him some questions about "Night Watch"and "Day Watch". In the evening we were sitting in the cafe with crowds of other people, the cafe was very cosy and quite comfortable. In the corner I noticed Khabensky and took his autograph. Now it is on the wall in my room. We also watched some trailers for future films and I wrote two or three titles which might be interesting to watch. Most of them are in 3D format and it seems that the majority of movies are produced in this way. I bought some rare CDs on the market there. I've been trying to find them for a long time but shop assistants told me they were not available at the moment and the only possibility to buy them was to go to the Cinema Festival. On the whole the Cinema Festival is a great activity for your spare time. And I bought some posters with famous films which I'll hang on the walls of our cinema club in the leisure centre. Don't forget to come on Wednesday, Mikhail Porechenkov will come for a meeting with us. Looking forward for your news. Bye, Dima 1
1 Wuthering Heights — «Грозовой перевал»
38 ______The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
7. Who said these words? For some sentences two variants are possible. 1. On the whole I enjoyed the Cinema Festival. 2. I prefer reading books to watching films. 3. The place was overcrowded. 4. I don’t care for love stories. 5. Khabensky is my favourite actor. 6. The press conference was mostly about A d m ira l and D u c k H u n t. 7. I bought rare CDs there. 8. I was lucky to get Khabensky’s autograph.
8. Work in pairs. Talk about: • the movie you saw last time; • films you like, explain why; • films you don’t like, explain why.
9. Write a letter (10 sentences) to your friend about your last weekend.
Useful Language а ] ______^ T - benefit, consider, entertain, let, society, spare ]
Lesson 70
1. Work in groups. Look at the pictures, read the information about families and say what type of holidays will be the best for each family. Explain why.
■ Sightseeing tour ■ Bag packing ■ Camp ■ Beach holiday a) Mother doesn’t like the sun, father adores active holidays, son collects butterflies. b) Father enjoys calm holidays, mother likes shopping, daughter is fond of swimming. c) Mother is a history teacher, father feels like visiting new places, daughter dreams about visiting all countries of the world, son hates staying in one place. d) Father’s hobby is fishing, mother cares for wild nature, son likes being with his friends, daughter’s hobby is painting.
2. a) Listen to Lucy talking about her winter holidays. Say what type of holidays she had.
b) Listen to Lucy once again. Read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is given. Tick the answers in the chart in your Workbook.
1. Lucy went to Canada to have a rest with her parents. 2. Lucy’s father bought her a trip to Canada. 3. Lucy’s school was ten kilometres away from their resort. 4. The bus which went to school was not convenient enough. 5. Lucy was the skiing champion at school. 6. After the first three days Lucy’s mother accompanied her on skis. 7. Lucy lost her way because of the storm. 8. Lucy saw a bear in the mountains. 9. The dog saved Lucy’s life.
[ GRAMMAR
■ Past Conditional Sentences (Revision)
3. Say what wouldn’t have happened to Lucy if:
• she had listened to her mother; • the school had been closer to the hotel; • there had been more school buses; • Lucy’s grandpa hadn’t bought her a trip to Canada; • she had had something to do in the morning at school; • she couldn’t ski; • the dog hadn't come. 4
4. a) Read the dialogue and put the verbs in brackets in the correct form.
Charlie: Hi Jeanne! I’ve just won fifty pounds. Jeanne: Congratulations, Charlie! How are you going to spend them? Charlie: I'd like to entertain myself and go to the “Zorro" musical. If the ticket ... (cost) more, I ... (go) to the cinema and watch a new film. Jeanne: And if you ... (win) five hundred pounds, what ... you ... (do)? Charlie: I wish I ... (have) five hundred pounds. If I ... (win) the money I ... (buy) a mountain bike. Jeanne: Really? Are you interested in biking? Charlie:That’s my hobby now. If only I ... (start) it earlier. If my father ... (buy) me a mountain bike when I was eight, I ... (be) a professional now. And what ... you ... (do) in my place? ______The Way Той Spend Уоиг Free Time
Jeanne: I sponsor a tigress in the zoo. So if I ... (have) five hundred pounds, I ... (consider) giving them to the zoo. The tigress could have more benefit from them than me.
*b> Work in pairs. Change the underlined phrases in the dialogue above, make up your dialogue and act it out.
5. Look at the titles and say what the stories may be about. W hat is the genre of the stories?
• When I First Met Henry the Horse • If Only I Had Turned Right • On the Way to the Moon • Like Chalk and Cheese • Run for Fun
6. a) What do you know about Sherlock Holmes? Read the extract from one of the novels about him and say what happened in the story in one sentence.
T h e Adventure o f tbe Blue Carbuncle After A. Conan Doyle I had called upon my friend Sherlock Holmes on the second morning after Christmas to wish him Merry Christmas. He was lying on the sofa and reading morning papers. “Sorry for interrupting,” said I. “Not at all. I am glad to have a friend with whom I can discuss my results. I was just considering an in teresting case.” I seated myself in his armchair and warmed my hands before his fire. I liked to spend my spare time in his society. “Look at this hat. Its owner is unknown. It’s an in 1 m tellectual problem. First it arrived on Christmas n morning, in a company with a good fat goose, which ьЩ&- is, I have no doubt, roasting at this moment in front of Peterson’s fire. The facts are these: about four A o'clock on Christmas morning, Peterson, who, as you V know, is a very honest man, was returning from A a small party and was going home down Tottenham Court Road. In front of him he saw a tallish man / carrying a white goose. As he reached the corner of Goodge Street, a struggle began between this stranger and some other people. One of them knocked off the man’s hat. Peterson had run forward to protect the stranger from his enemies. But when the man saw the stranger in uniform, he dropped the goose and ran away. So Peterson was left with a hat and a Christmas goose, such a benefit his courage brought him.” “Which surely he put to their cooker?” “My dear friend, there lies the problem. It is true that ‘For Mr Henry Baker’ was printed upon a small card which was on the bird’s left leg, and it is also true that there are some thousands of Bakers, and some hundreds of Henry Bakers in this city of ours.” “What, then, did Peterson do?” “He brought a hat and a goose to me on Christmas morning, knowing that even the smallest problems are of interest to me. The goose we kept until this morning and I con tinue to keep the hat of the unknown gentleman who lost his Christmas dinner." “Did he not advertise?" “No.” “Then, how can you find him?” “Let’s start with his hat.” Sherlock Holmes had opened his mouth, when the door flew open, and Peterson, the com missionaire, ran into the room. “The goose, Mr Holmes! The goose, sir!" he cried. “Eh? What of it, then? Has it returned to life and flown off through the kitchen window?” “See here, sir! See what my wife found in it!” He held out his hand and showed a blue stone. Holmes sat up. “By Jove, Peterson!” said he, “this is a real treasure. I suppose you know what you have got?” “A diamond, sir? A precious stone.” “ It’s more than a precious stone. It is the precious stone.” “Not the Countess of Morcar’s blue carbuncle!” I cried. “Exactly so. I have read the advertisement about it in The Times every day lately. It is absolutely unique, and its value can only be about 1,000 pounds. And what did it do in the goose?”
b) Listen to the text and read it out loud.
7. Read the sentences and choose the correct answer a, b or c.
1. Sherlock Holmes was ... when Watson came in. a) dining b) reading a newspaper c) trying to solve the mystery
2. The mystery was in ... . a) the hat b) the goose c) Peterson
3. The stranger ... the goose when he saw Peterson, a) sold b) gave c) dropped
4. Sherlock Holmes couldn’t return the goose because nobody .... a) asked for it b) wanted it c) ate it
5. The hat was ... clue to find the owner. a) the only b) not the only c) considered a poor
6. Peterson was surprised to find ... in the goose. a) a blue stone b) a precious stone c) the Countess of Morcar’s blue carbuncle 7
7. The countess ... the stone. a) sold b) lost c) was looking for ______The Waif Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
8 . a) Describe the pictures and say what the end of the story might be.
*b) Read the end of the story at http://www.mysterynet.com/holmes/07bluecarbuncle.
9. Write 10 sentences about possible endings of the story. Use the pictures and Conditional sentences.
Lesson 71
1 . Have you ever been to the city of Bath? Look at the bus timetables and speak about possible opportunities to take the first and the second tours.
SKYLINE TOUR
Operating period First Main daytime Last tour frequency tour
1st Apr — 31st Oct 10.30 Every 20 mins 17.30
1st Nov — 31st Mar 11.00 Every 60 mins 16.00 CITY TOUR
Operating period First Main daytime Last tour frequency tour
1st Mar — 14th Mar 10.00 Every 20 mins 17.00
15th Mar — 31st 09.30 Every 15 mins 17.30 Mar
1st Jun — 30th Sept 09.40 Every 6-12 mins 18.30
1st Oct — 30th Nov 09.30 Every 15 mins 17.30
2. a) Work in pairs. Look at the map of Bath and describe the City Tour or the Skyline Tour. Use the information and the picture on page 45.
5T« f f r
Royal Victoria Park
Henrietta tor Park
Recreation Ground
\ •^лЛ> AD RO EY LTEN PU
NORTH PARADE ROAD
N orth Parade Cricket Ground
i°V V ER RAILWAY ST, The W ay Уои Spend Уоиг Free Tim
ъ ______ЯЛ Minutes * into City Tour journey
00 High Street (Bath Abbey, The Roman Baths, Sally Lunn’s)
03 Grand Parade (Guildhall Market, Parade Gardens, Pulteney Bridge)
14 Great Pulteney Street (Laura Fountain) 18 Manvers Street (Railway Station) 25 Westgate Buildings (The Thermae Bath Spa) 29 Queen Square (The Jane Austen Centre) 38 Weston Road (The Botanical Gardens) 39 Upper Bristol Road (Royal Victoria Park with children’s playground) 45 Milsom Street (some of Bath’s best quality shops can be found there)
Minutes into Skyline Tour journey 00 Manvers Street (Railway Station)
03 Terrace Walk (Bath Abbey, The Roman Baths, Sally Lunn’s)
15 Great Pulteney Street (Laura Fountain) 17 Great Pulteney Street (Holburne Museum) 26 University of Bath (American Museum) 33 Ralph Allen Drive (Prior Park Landscape Centre) 45 North Parade (Parade Gardens)
*b) Say which tour of Bath you would prefer and why
v . ■^-ИПППП! 3. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold. broadminded ['bro:d, maindid] a willing to listen sympathetically to the views of others even though one cannot agree with them, having a liberal and tolerant mind. Nick is a broadmin ded person, he’ll never argue with you. frequency ['fiikwansi] n a number of repetitions. The tour frequency is 25 minutes. modest ['modistj a having/showing, a not too high opinion of one’s own abilities. H e le n is a modest girl, she will never boast. pleasure ['р1езэ] n a feeling of happy satisfaction and enjoyment. S h e h a d n ’t tr a v e lle d for pleasure for a long time. sensible fsensobl] a having or showing good sense, reasonable, practical. Miss Jones is a sensible woman and easy to work with.
4a Match the synonyms. 1) broadminded a) delight 2) flexible b) often 3) frequently c) intelligent 4) modest d) practical 5) pleasure e) adaptable 6) sensible f) shy
5. W hat spa cities do you know? Read the text about the history of spas and pay attention to the words in italics. Choose the correct one.
If you- want to have a good and healthy rest, go to a spa. Sensible/sensitive/reliable people go to spas to keep fit, enjoy sports activities, drink healthy water, prevent illness or cure a disease. You can have a fixed/flexible/modest timetable for your lei sure activities, there are no fixed hours for swimming, sports or entertainment clubs. The first spa in England appeared in the 18th century but at that time only rich people could have a rest there. It was a very popular place to be, not only to enjoy spare time but also to get acquainted with broadminded/sensitive/unreliable people and to make reliable friends. The first spas in Russia were opened in the 19th cen tury and were seldom/flexible/frequently visited by Russian people. At first they were also only for rich people and people of art. Modest/flexible/greedy girls had a good chance to meet their husbands at the springs. There were a lot of healthy springs in the Caucasus and now one can find the best spa centres there. That’s a great pleasure/sensible/flexible to have a rest there.
6 . a) Listen to the texts about Bath and Pyatigorsk as the best places to have healthy holidays and complete the chart in your Workbook.
b) Using the chart name at least four ways in which Pyatigorsk and Bath are similar/different. ■ Pyatigorsk Springs ■ Bath Springs The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
c) Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one.
1. A spa was/was n o t a very popular place to be in the 17th century. 2. Mostly rich people/а few of rich people could go to a spa. 3. Pyatigorsk was founded in 1 8 2 2 / 1 7 8 0 . 4. Pyatigorsk has more than 40/less than 40 mineral water springs. 5. Pushkin museum/Lermontov museum is situated in the city. 6. The city of Bath was founded by the Scandinavians/by the Romans. 7. The city is famous because of its museums/because of its hot springs. 8. The Roman Baths complex/Thermal Bath Spa is a modern spa in the city of Bath.
7. Read the descriptions of the Bath sights and match the pictures with the texts on page 48. 1. Sally Lunn’s Refreshment House and Museum
Opening hours: Every day except Christmas. Museum and refreshment rooms open at 10 am (Sun 11 am). Historic Evening Dinner from 5 pm. Located right in the heart of the city in a charming street. Very close to Bath Abbey and the Roman Baths. No visit to Bath is complete without a trip to the oldest house in Bath (c. 1482). Home of the world famous Sally Lunn Bun (light semi-sweet bread) and now is a living museum where visitors can experience a taste of Bath from the 1680s. See exhibitions that show how this site has been used to refresh townspeople and travellers since the Roman times. Also preserved is the original kitchen modest Sally Lunn used over 300 years ago. Read more at http://www.sallylunns.co.uk/
2. Fashion Museum and Assembly Rooms
Opening hours: Jan —Feb & Nov—Dec, 11 am —4 pm, exit 5 pm. M ar-O ct, 11 am —5 pm, exit 6 pm. The history of fashion over the past 400 years is brought alive at the Fashion Museum, a world-class collection of modern and historical dress. The museum displays a series of themes including menswear and womenswear, dress for day and dress for evening, alternative fashion and fashion today. Special exhibitions include 17th century gloves and 1977 photographic display of punk and new wave bands. Flexible programme is designed both for adults and for children. Visitors are able to try on some clothes which belonged to English aristocracy. The whole entertainment takes place in the Assembly Rooms, where in the Georgian Times more than a thousand people gathered for parties and balls. Read more at http://www.museumofcostume.co.uk/
3. The Jane Austen Centre and Tearoom
Opening hours: All year round, 10 am — 5.30 pm (Nov — Feb, 11 am — 4.30 pm). Open until 7.30 pm July and August. The perfect starting point for the exploration of Jane Austin’s Bath for sensible and broad minded visitors. The Centre offers a picture of life in Bath during Regency times and ex plores how living in this wonderful city affected Jane Austin’s life and writing. After your visit why not relax and refresh yourself with a visit to our Regency themed Tea Rooms. Enjoy a cup of real English tea and some homemade cake. Also you can take a walking tour in the footsteps of Jane Austin. Our Centre guides will take you to the places where Jane lived, walked, visited and shopped and the locations made famous in her two Bath novels Northanger Abbey and Persuasion. The hours are flexible, book in advance. Read more at http://www.janeausten.co.uk/
4. Roman Baths and Pump Rooms
Opening hours: Daily. Jan —Feb 9.30 am —4.30 pm. Mar —June, 9 am —5 pm. July —Aug, 9 am —8 pm. Sept —Oct, 9 am —5 pm. Nov —Dec, 9.30 am —4.30 pm. Late exit one hour after closing. The Roman bathing place with its wonderful Temple and Baths was built between the first and the fifth centuries AD. It was constructed around the natural hot spring which rises at 46 BC. The legend says that it is the place where the first Roman settlement was built and this is the beginning of the city of Bath. Free personal audio guides in eight languages and children’s audio tours included in the admission price. To complete your day taste the waters and enjoy coffee, lunch or tea in the 18th century Pump room above the Temple. Read more at http://www.romanbaths.co.uk/ The Way Уои Spend hour Free Time
8. Answer the questions.
1. What is Sully Lunn’s famous for? 2. What can you see in Sally Lunn’s Refreshment house? 3. What kinds of dresses are displayed at the Fashion Museum? 4. What were the Assembly Rooms used for in the Georgian Times? 5. What is Jane Austin Centre known for? 6. What is shown in the walking tour which the Centre offers? 7. What had been in the place of the Roman Baths before the 1st century AD? 8. Why do people visit the Pump Room?
9. Write a letter (10 sentences) to your friend describing the city of Bath as a place for healthy holidays.
Useful Language ■ broadminded, flexible, frequency, modest, pleasure, sensible J Homework
1. No. 6 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 3
Lesson 72
1. Work in groups. Look at the photos of Russian spa cities and speak about them as perfect places for having healthy and educational holidays.
a. Mineralnye Vody Geographic location: in the south of Russia Springs: rich in mineral springs, the most famous — Sla- vyansky, Smirnovsky, Yessentuki Places of interest: Lermontov’s Flat, Pushkin's Gallery, Lermontov’s Spring, the Health Park
b. Kislovodsk Geographic location: in the south of Russia Founded: 1803 as a village, 1903 as a city Springs: rich in mineral water, the most famous — Narzan Places of interest: Narzan Baths, Kislovodsk Fortress, Lermontov’s Rock c. Yessentuki Geographic location: in the south of Russia Springs: rich in mineral water, the most famous — Yessentuki 4, Yessentuki New Places of interest: the Central Park, the Mineral Springs Gallery, the Central Library
2 . Listen to an extract from the novel Persuasion1 by Jane Austin and say why Sir W alter Elliot had to move to Bath. You’ll need the words below to understand the text.
Sir Walter Elliot, Kellynch-hall, Somersetshire, respectable, fortune ['fb:tfan], pale, equal ['i:kwal], debt [det]
3 . Listen to the extract once again and complete the sentences with the correct answers.
1. Sir Walter Elliot had ... a) a wife and three daughters. b) no wife and three daughters. c) a wife and two daughters.
2. His wife was .... a) sensible, modest but not very happy. b) sensible, modest and very happy. c) sensible and very proud of her husband.
3. ... married a wealthy person with no title. a) Elizabeth, his eldest daughter b) Ann, his second daughter c) Mary, his youngest daughter
4. Ann Elliot was .... a) very important for her father. b) like her father. c) never important for her father.
5. ... and her father travelled to London in summer and gave balls in their house in winter. a) Elizabeth b) Ann c) Mary
1 persuasion [pa'swei3(a)n] — убеждение (в русской версии название романа «Доводы рассудка») The Wqij Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
6. Sir Walter ... a) spent almost all his money. b) had a lot of money. c) was tired of living in Kellynch-hall.
7. Ann wanted to buy another country house because ... a) they had little money. b) she wanted to visit her sister Mary and their friend Lady Russell. c) she hated London.
4 GRAMMAR ц ■ Modal Verbs (Revision)
4. Match the modal verbs with their meanings. 1) can a) ask permission to do something 2) could b) it’s necessary to do something 3) to be able to c) we’re sure that something is true 4) should d) it’s possible in the future 5) must e) something is possible 6) have to f) ask for something 7) may g) someone has the ability to do something 8) might h) it's a good thing to do
5. a) Dima has come to Britain to study in a summer school. He’s trying to find his way there. Complete the dialogue with the modal verbs from exercise 4 and read it out loud.
Dima: ... you show me the way to this language school? Helen: Of course I ... show you the way. I study at this school. Dima: Really? Then ... I ask you a question? Helen: What are you interested in? Dima: ... students attend all classes to have good marks? Helen: It depends on the subject. But you ... skip some. Dima: I ... take part in the language conference which my Russian school sent me for and I have classes in my summer school here at the same time. Helen: In this case there’ll be no problem. Not all students ... participate in language con ferences. Dima: ... you recommend me some school activities which I simply ... visit? Helen: Not exactly. You ... go to the school rock festival on Saturday or to the Literature Club on Thursday, Joan Rowling is going to visit us. Dima: Thanks a lot.
b) You are studying at this school. Look through the dialogue once again and tell Dima about the school.
c) Change the dialogue above using Reported Speech. Read the continuation of the extract from the novel Persuasion and fill in the missing sentences (a — e) in the text. Then listen to the text and check yourself.
Pensu-cusion A fter J. Austin a. Lady Russell had another excellent one at hand, for being extremely glad that Sir Walter and his family had to remove from the country. b. It would be good for the girls’ health and every danger would be avoided. c. As a result Mrs Clay was asked to go to Bath with Elizabeth and Sir Walter as the most important and valuable friend. d. It was a much safer place for a gentleman of his character and position. e. “He would be a very lucky man, Shepherd,” replied Sir Walter, “Kellynch-hall would be the greatest prize of all”.
Sir Walter had at first thought more of London, but Lady Russell felt that he couldn’t be trusted in London, and was skilful enough to make Bath more preferable. (1) ... He might be important there at comparatively little expense. Two material advantages of Bath over London had of course been given all their weight, its more convenient distance from Kellynch, only fifty miles, and Lady Russell’s spending some part of every winter there. In the end Sir Walter and Elizabeth believed that they should lose neither position nor en tertainment by living there. Lady Russell felt sorry for Ann, whom she loved dearly. She knew Ann’s wish but it would be too much to expect Sir Walter to move into a small house in his own neighbourhood. She thought about Ann’s dislike of Bath, but she considered it to be a prejudice and a mis take, coming first from the circumstance of her staying there three years at school after her mother’s death, and, secondly, from her being not in a good mood the only winter which she spent there after school. Lady Russell was fond of Bath in short and thought it would suit them all. (2) ... Modest Ann was too little from home, too little saw. A large society would improve her character. She was a broadminded and sensible girl and Lady Russell wanted Ann to be more known. Sir Walter pretended that he would leave the house just for some time, for the sake of his daughters. And only his close friends knew that Kellynch-hall was to be let. How quick come the reasons for approving what we like! (3) ... Elizabeth lately was forming a friendship, which she wished to see interrupted. It was with a daughter of Mr Shepherd, her father’s friend and a local lawyer, who had returned after an unhappy marriage to her The Way Уои Spend У our Free Time father’s house, it was a friendship quite out of place. Lady Russell had no influence with Elizabeth but simply loved her. She had never received from her more than a little atten tion. Lady Russell was trying to get Ann included in the visits to London but all in vain, Elizabeth would go her own way. Mrs Clay was, in Lady Russell’s opinion, a very unequal and in her character, she believed, a very dangerous companion. She hoped for the circum stances to change the situation and to bring a choice of more suitable friends within Miss Elliot’s reach. “This peace will be turning all our rich Navy Officers ashore,” said Mr Shepherd one morning, “They will be all wanting a home. If a rich Admiral were to come in our way, Sir Walter — " (4) ... And this thought supported his pride a little, “I have let my house to Admiral,” would sound extremely well, very much better than to any Mr or Mrs Kellynch-hall was let to a Captain Wentworth. Sir Walter and Elizabeth left for Bath. Lady Russell didn’t like the sepa ration of the family but nothing could be done. Mary's health was poor and Ann felt it her duty to stay with her sister. “I cannot possibly do without Ann,” was Mary’s answer, and Elizabeth’s reply was, "Then I am sure Ann had better stay, for nobody will want her in Bath.” (5) ...
7. Here are the answers. Make up the questions.
1. Bath was closer to Kellynch and Lady Russell spent every winter there. 2. Ann wanted to have a small house in the neighbourhood. 3. She stayed there at school after her mother’s death. 4. Ann saw very little of the world. 5. She was a daughter of a local lawyer. 6. To a Captain Wentworth. 7. Mary needed her sister’s help.
8. a) Name the main characters of the story and describe them. Use the words in the box.
literate ■ jealous ■ broadminded ■ flexible ■ modest ■ reliable ■ sensible ■ rude ■ respectable ■ selfish ■ greedy ■ intelligent ■ kind-hearted ■ generous ■ hospitable ■ beautiful ■ plain
can ■ could ■ must ■ have to ■ may ■ might ■ ought to ■ be able to ■ should ______
*b) W ork in C|l"OUpS. Have your parents ever chosen friends for you? Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of your parents being involved in the choice of your friends.
9. W rite a possible ending (10 sentences) of the novel Persuasion.
J Lesson 73
1 . a) Read the information on the ticket below, speak about the places you can visit and things you can’t do there.
Your ticket to the past... Valid today only for palace specified
□ Tower of London □ Hampton Court Palace □ Banqueting House Sunday, 10 Aug 2012 □ Kensington Palace Student £14.00 □ Kew Palace
Historic Royal Palaces
1 Historic Royal Palaces help everyone explore the history of how monarchs and people C have shaped society in some of the greatest palaces ever built.
Please retain (keep) this ticket. 1. Tickets can't be resold, exchanged or refunded. 2. In the interest of safety, the palace retains the right to refuse admission or to request visitors to leave the palace at any time. 3. Smoking, eating and drinking are prohibited within all buildings. 4. The use of photographic and recording equipment or mobile phones is prohibited within all buildings. 5. Commercial filming and photography is not permitted without prior agreement.
*b> Work in pairs. Make up a dialogue based on the information you have read on the ticket. Your friend is going to visit one of the given places. Advise him/her where to go and say what visitors can’t do in British museums or palaces.
2. a) Work in groups. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of the following ways of spending holidays: a) a language summer school; d) beach holidays; b) famous cities, museums and e) spa holidays; galleries; f) camping holidays. c) a summer camp;
b) Choose one way of spending holidays and write a list of its advantages and disadvantages. Present them to the class. Your classmates can add something to this list. The W*ay Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
3. Dima has visited the National Gallery on holidays and was impressed by Turner’s painting “Rain, Steam and Speed — The Great Western Railroad”. Listen to the radio broadcast about W illiam Turner and put the sentences in the correct order. V ^
1. He painted in Switzerland, France and Italy. 2. He became a well-known watercolour painter. 3. Turner’s pictures are displayed in the National Gallery and Tate Gallery. 4. Turner went to the Royal Academy of Art. 5. When he was ten, he was sent to live with his uncle. 6. Joseph Turner was born in 1775 in London. 7. Turner’s father sold his pictures.
4. Listen to the text once again, read the sentences and correct the facts.
1. “The Battle of Trafalgar” was the first picture displayed in the exhibition. 2. Turner made only watercolour paintings. 3. The painter was highly praised for his works. 4. He gave life to impressionism and modernism. 5. The Turner Museum was opened in England in 1974. 6. Turner’s pictures were never chosen as the best works of art.
[ GRAMMAR
■ Participle Adjectives
5. a) Read the sentences and pay attention to the underlined words.
Participle I Participle II (V + -ing) (V + -ed) The film was disappointing. — Фильм I was disappointed. — Я был оказался разочаровывающим. разочарован.
b) Complete the sentences on page 56 with the adjectives from the box.
bored — boring ■ excited — exciting ■ surprised — surprising ■ tired — tiring
55 И nit
1. A very ... story happened to Jim yesterday. 2. Susan felt ... after a long day at school. 3. The ... students started to make noise. 4. ... facts were broadcast on TV on Saturday. 5. Peter was ... to see Ann at Mary’s birthday party. 6. The film was ... and we soon left the cinema. 7. Spring cleaning is always very ... . 8. Cathy felt ... after jumping with the parachute.
6. Complete the sentences with the words in brackets in the correct form.
1. Miss Smith was ... (to please) with Jane’s answer. 2. ... (to shock) facts are shown on the Internet. 3. The water rose to a ... (to frighten) level in the sea. 4. Emily gave Paul a ... (to welcome) smile. 5. A ... (to break) cup was placed on the table. 6. The ... (to choose) question was answered correctly. 7. ... (to amaze) pictures were exhibited in the gallery. 8. The ... (to steal) letter was put in the cupboard.
7. a) Dima is fond of marine paintings. He bought an album with Aivazovsky’s pictures and his biography and was very much impressed. Read about the famous Russian artist Ivan Aivazovsky and put the parts of the text in the correct order. Then listen to the text and check yourself.
Ivan A iv a z o v s k y 1. Aivazovsky travelled a lot, he had visited Italy, England, France, Spain and some other European countries, there he painted marine landscapes1 and also marine battles. Joseph Turner, a famous English painter, wrote excellent reports about his works. In 1847 Aivazovsky became a professor of the Acad emy of Arts in St Petersburg. He was also a member of art academies in Paris, Rome, Florence and Amsterdam. Aivazovsky painted more than 6000 pictures during his life. He received a lot of rewards and orders2 and was made an admiral for his marine battle paintings. 2. Aivazovsky began painting in his early childhood and the first person to notice it was an ar chitect in Feodosia, Yakov Koch. He helped him as much as he could, gave paper, pencils and paints, he told the town governor3 about Aivazovsky’s talent and asked him to support the boy. The governor sent the boy to the gymnasium in Simferopol and in 1833 he was taken to the Academy of Arts in St Petersburg. His studying was paid for by the government. He went to the landscape class of Vorobiev and was a very bright and successful student. In 1835 he received a silver medal for his paintings and was sent as a helper to a French landscapist Tanner. Tanner didn’t allow Aivazovsky to paint his own pictures but Ivan did so and gave five of his paintings to an exhibition in Paris. They were highly praised and in 1837 the painter got
1 marine landscapes [mo'riin 'laendskeips] — морские пейзажи 2 rewards and orders — награды и ордена 3 governor ['длуэпэ] — губернатор
56 The Wgy Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time a gold medal for his famous painting “Calm”. He became a well-known artist and his pictures were exhibited not only in Russia but in Europe too. In summer 1939 he finished the Academy. 3. Ivan Aivazovsky is a world-famous Russian marine painter. He was born in 1 8 1 7 in Feo- dosia, in the Crimea, in a merchant's1 family. History books say that Aivazovsky’s ancestors came from Turkey, the great-grandfather of the painter was a son of a Turkish commander. In one of the battles near the Asov sea Aivazovsky’s great-grandfather was saved by a Rus sian soldier who later took him into his family. Aivazovsky’s ancestors lived in Galicia and got lands near Lvov. Unfortunately, there are no other documents left. The father of the painter came to Feodosia after a quarrel with his brothers, bought a house and got married there. In the family there were three daughters and two sons. 4. Since 1845 the painter lived in Feodosia. He gave money for building a railway in Feo dosia and built a new house for the Museum of Archeology there. He also gave money to an art school and an art gallery. Now the gallery is named after Aivazovsky. The artist died in 1900 when he was painting one of his marine battle landscapes. You can enjoy the works of Aivazovsky in the Tretiakov Gallery in Moscow, in the Russian Museum in St Pe tersburg, but the best collection is exhibited in the Art Gallery in Feodosia.
b) Give the title to each part of the text.
8. a) Match the parts and say who did what. 1) Ivan Aivazovsky a) saved Aivazovsky’s great-grandfather. 2) Yakov Koch b) painted more than six thousand works of art. 3) Joseph Turner c) had lands near Lvov. 4) the governor d) gave the boy paper, paints and pencils. 5) a Russian soldier e) praised Aivazovsky’s works. 6) Aivazovsky’s ancestors f) sent the boy to the art gymnasium.
b) Speak about:
• Aivazovsky’s family; • Aivazovsky’s studies; • Aivazovsky’s paintings; • the places where you can see Aivazovsky’s works.
c) Enjoy Aivazovsky’s pictures at http://gallerix.ru/album/aivazovsky.
9. Write a summary (10 sentences) of Aivazovsky’s life for the BBC radio programme “Famous Russians”.
1 merchant ['iml/ant] — купец Lesson 74
1 . a) Are you keen on sports? Divide the words in the box into the groups of sports.
athletics ■ badminton ■ baseball ■ basketball ■ cycling ■ fishing ■ football s golf ■ horse-riding ■ ice hockey ■ kite surfing ■ rock climbing ■ rugby ■ running ■ sailing ■ scuba diving ■ skating ■ skiing ■ snowboarding ■ surfing ■ swimming ■ table tennis ■ tennis ■ volleyball, windsurfing
1. Water sports 2. Team sports 3. Indoor sports 4. Outdoor sports 5. Names of sports that are used with the verb to play 6. Sports that are often shown on TV 7. Sports that are seldom shown on TV 8. Sports that need special equipment
*b> Work in pairs. Speak about:
• sports you have tried; • sports you do; • sports you watch; • sports you don’t like.
2 . Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold. admit [ad'mit] v accept something or allow something. Jane admitted that she didn’t read the book. claim [kleim] v to state that something is true or to officially demand something. The girls claim that they saw fairies. insist [in'sist] v to say firmly and often that something is true, especially when other people think it may not be true. Mike insisted that he was right. significant [sig'nifikant] a having an important effect or influence especially on what will happen in the future. The result is highly significant for the future of the country.
3 . Read the sentences and choose the correct answer.
1. Jane ... on playing tennis that afternoon, a) claims b) insists c) admits
2. Cary was ... to enter the swimming competitions, a) insisted b) admitted c) determined
3. Louis ... that he had won the race last year, a) admitted b) fined c) determined 4
4. Nick didn’t buy a bus ticket and was made to pay a ... . a) money b) fine c) claim
» The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
5. The research is very ... for his future studies, a) fine b) admit c) significant
6. Fred ... his rights to free primary education, a) claimed b) insisted c) significant
4. a) Complete the text with the necessary words in the correct form.
I did my first jump five years ago. My brother ... that I would never do it but I did. I did and do it once a month now. Of course I was challenged a lot, I was a thin boy of 14, afraid of heights and anything new in life. The first jump was highly ... for me. I knew that if I jumped I would change my life completely, I would find something new, fresh, not only my computer and me. I ... on jumping alone. Before it there had been a week of training but when I got on the plane I forgot everything. I saw only the beautiful blue sky. I was afraid but the rules said that if you don’t jump, you should pay a ... . So I was ... to jump and I did it. The parachute opened immediately and everything was silent. After the jump I ... that I was very scared but I would give everything for the second jump. Now skydiving is my hobby and I can’t imagine my life without it.
b) What extreme sports do you know? Have you ever tried any? W hat extreme sports would you like to try?
5. a) Listen to the reporter talking about spotting. What is it? What kind of spotting would you prefer?
b) Read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is given in the text. 12345678
1. The tradition of spotting has a long history. 2. Plane spotting is the oldest spotting type. 3. Plane spotting is interesting and useful. 4. Train spotting may be dangerous. 5. Train spotters don’t take pictures of trains. 6. Bus spotting is popular only in big cities. 7. Spotters usually follow a particular type of buses. 8. Spotting involves spending a lot of time outdoors.
6 . Read the texts about extreme sports on page 60. Match the pictures with the names of sports. Steve: I prefer extreme air sports. There are nine of them but I’ll describe the most chal lenging. BASE jumping is an activity that employs a packed parachute to jump from fixed objects. “B.A.S.E." stands for four categories of fixed objects from which one can jump: buildings, antennae, spans (bridges), and earth (cliffs). BASE jumping is significantly more dangerous than similar sports, such as skydiving from an airplane, and is claimed to be the most extreme air sport. Bungee jumping is an activity that involves jumping from a tall structure while connected to a large elastic rope. The tall structure is usually a fixed ob ject, such as a building or a bridge; but it is also possible to jump from a movable object, such as a hot-air-balloon or a helicopter. The emotions come as much from the free-falling as from the rebounds. The first modern bungee jumps were made on April 1, 1979, from the 250-foot Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol, by the members of the Oxford University Dangerous Sports Club. Sky surfing is a type of skydiving in which the skydiver wears a board attached to his or her feet and performs surfing-style aerobatics during freefall. The boards used are gener ally smaller than actual surfboards, and look more like snowboards or large skateboards. Skysurfing is a skill requiring a lot of practice. The simplest skysurfing technique is to stand upright on the board during freefall. However, even this basic technique, expe rienced skydivers admit is difficult to learn. It’s more dangerous than skydiving and only a few people have tried it. Allan: There is nothing like extreme land sports. There are eighteen of them but I’ll share my experience in three of them. Caving is an exciting freetime activity where you can study the cave and its environment. The challenges involved in the activity depend on the cave be ing visited or not. The sport often includes climbing or crawling, due to modern equipment its popularity grows increasingly. Sandboarding is a board sport similar to snowboarding. It is an entertaining activity that takes place on sand dunes or sand beaches. For some, it involves riding across or down a dune while standing with both feet strapped to a board, while others use a board with no binding, which is considered more dangerous. Sandboarding is not so popular as snowboard ing because it’s more difficult to build any lifts on dunes, but I think that sand is available all the year round, so it’s more convenient. The third extreme sport which I prefer most of all is snowmobile. Snowmobile is a land ve hicle designed for winter travel on snow. The machine can be driven on deep snow, ice or in the forest. At first it was built only for the use of hunters or for places where other cars can’t work. But in the end of the 20th century this activity was transformed into an extreme sport like cross-country racing. Mike: I’m fond of extreme water sports. I consider them not so dangerous but still very exciting and breathtaking. There are fifteen extreme water sports. My favourite ones may be called underwater sports. I adore scuba diving and snorkelling. When I was a child, I used to have an aquarium and watch fish swimming. Now I watch them in their real environment. Scuba diving is a form of underwater diving in which a diver uses a scuba set to breathe underwater. Scuba stands for self-contained underwater breathing appara tus, this system allows greater freedom when swimming underwater. My father does scuba diving for professional reasons and I just as a form of entertainment. I’ve tried cave, ice and deep diving. But sometimes I just like snorkelling. It’s mostly an entertaining activity which gives the opportunity to observe underwater life in a natural environment without the complicated equipment and training. You don’t need any qualifications for that — just a diving mask and a special tube called snorkel. I also admire Whitewater kayaking, but I’ve never tried it myself. It is the sport of paddling a kayak on a moving body of wa ter, typically a Whitewater river. Kayaking can differ from simple to dangerous, it depends on the river and its speed. ______The Wpy Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
7. Answer the questions.
1. What types of extreme sports were mentioned by the boys? 2. What does BASE jumping mean? 3. What is the difference between BASE jumping and bungee jumping? 4. What do you need to be a good skysurfer? 5. What sport includes climbing and crawling? 6. What does sandboarding involve? 7. Why was the snowmobile built? 8. What sport allows people to observe underwater world in real life conditions? 9. What are the advantages of snorkelling? 10. Where is Whitewater kayaking practised?
*8. Recommend a sport to your friend. Describe it, speak about its advantages over other sports. Give reasons why you recommend it.
9a Write 10 sentences about your best sporting experience.
Useful Language 6 admit, claim, insist, significant ]
Lesson 75
1. Work in pairs. Travelling is a good way of spending holidays, isn’t it? Speak about: •
• ways of travelling; • advantages and disadvantages of travelling by car/train/plane and on foot; • your favourite way of travelling; • the way of travelling you don’t like. ■ a. The Father and b. The Farmer and ш c. The Bear and the Traveller His Daughters th e Fox
3. Read the sentences and correct the facts.
1. The fox annoyed the father by interrupting his sleep at night. 2. The fox put fields on fire on purpose. 3. The gardener’s wife wanted the sun for her garden. 4. The father didn’t want his daughters’ wishes to come true. 5. ' The first traveller couldn’t help his friend. 6. The second traveller wasn’t afraid of bears.
*4. Listen to the fables once again and explain the idea of each one. W hat do the fables illustrate? Do you agree with the ideas shown in them? Explain your position.
У GRAMMAR ■ Articles with Proper Names
^ G s e the definite article before: rivers, seas, oceans and channals; groups of islands or mountains; deserts; countries with “states" in their name; various organizations, museums, galleries, theatres; monuments, most places of interest; bridges; newspapers. Don’t use any article before: lakes and mountains; streets, parks, gardens, squares; churches and cathedrals, castles; airports; universities and colleges; magazines. Remember the exceptions. See Grammar Reference on p. 126*12
5. Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one.
1. John flew from Paris to Heathrow/the Heathrow airport in London. 2. Sherlock Holmes’s flat is in Baker Street/the Baker Street The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
3. Julia walked along Regent’s рагк/the Regent's park and then went to Trafalgar square/the Trafalgar square. 4. Helen is a student at Moscow State University/the Moscow State University. 5. Mr Smith buys Newsweek/The Newsweek every Thursday but his sister prefers Spec- tator/The Spectator. 6. National Gallery/The National Gallery is not far from Buckingham Palace/the Bucking ham Palace. 7. St Paul's Cathedral/the St Paul’s Cathedral was rebuilt several times. 8. Museum of London/the Museum of London is a well-known museum of London’s history.
6. Read the sentences and fill in the missing articles where necessary.
1. Next summer we’ll travel to ... New Zealand and ... United States. 2. Russia is larger than ... United Kingdom. 3. We spent our holidays in Britain and swam in ... Bristol Channel. 4. ... Thames is the longest river in Britain. 5. ... Rocky Mountains are situated in the west of North America. 6. ... British Isles are situated to the west of Europe. 7. ... Ben Nevis is the highest mountain in Scotland. 8. ... Lake Superior is one of the five great Canadian lakes.
7. a) Read the advertisements, choose a place which you’d like to visit and describe it to your classmates. 3
1. With new attractions and great new facilities, Britain’s most exciting underground cave, the home of the infamous Witch of Wookey, has been given a new life. We’ve opened a “King Kong & the Valley of the Dinosaurs", come and walk among our fullsize dinosaurs, or have a lunch in our “Fairy Garden”. Indoors we’ve added a revolutionary pirate ship “Zap Zone” adventure which we named “Pirates of the River Axe”. Come and watch our “Circus Show” in the new Theatre or visit our Wookey Bear Collection. We’ve done a lot to make Wookey Hole a great family destination in any weather.
2. Avon Valley Adventure and Wildlife Park is a perfect place to spend your leisure time. A great day out in a beautiful river-based park will leave you full of impressions. Large Adventure Playground, Indoor Play Stations, Friendly Animals and Pets Corner are avail able for you from Easter till the 3 1 s t of October from 10 am to 6 pm. Open every day during school holidays. Boating, fishing, mini trains, mini bikes are offered to teenagers for free. There is a Picnic & BBQ Area, Cafe and Gift Shop.
3. Farleigh Hungerford Castle is situated in the heart of England. Set in the pictur esque valley of the River Frame, this impressive castle hides a dark past. Free with your admission, an audio tour tells the story of the castle and its occupation in the Middle Ages. Visit the church to see the medieval wall paintings and take a look into the castle cellar. Facilities include free parking on site, toilets and a gift shop selling souveniers of high quality. There is disabled access with interactive video guide. Unit — ©
4. BBC admits that Longleaf is the best safari park in Britain. Longleaf is open from the 1st of January to the 3 1 s t of December excluding Christmas Day. Get close to lions, tigers and giraffes in the UK’s first safari park. Get lost in the Longleaf bush labyrinth, take a sea lion following cruise on the Safari Boats, a journey on the Longleaf railway, enjoy the treasures and beauty of Longleaf House and much, much more. Your day at Longleaf will never be long enough. To best enjoy your day buy the Passport ticket to explore all of the attractions.
5. Mad Max Tours gives travellers a unique insight into the wonderful countryside of England. Our fully guided, small group tours in comfortable mini coaches are led by experienced local guides, who have a wealth of knowledge about the history and culture of that area. The Stonehenge fullday tour visits the megalithic monuments of Stonehenge and Avebury Stone Circles as well as Lacock National Trust Village used in the filming of the Harry Porter movies and the BBC’s Pride & Prejudice. We also visit Castle Combe, claimed the prettiest village in England. Departs daily at 8.45 am, returns at about 4.30 pm.
b) Match the places with the pictures.
*8. Work in groups. Choose a place in Russia to advertise to your friends as the best one for holidays. Speak about its advantages and try to persuade other groups to join you.
9. Choose a proverb and write a short (10 sentences) essay explaining it.
• Think twice before you act. • Honesty is the best policy. • A man is known by the company he keeps. The^Way Уои Spend У о иг Free Time
Lesson 76
1 . a) W hat is your favourite music genre? Can you play any musical instruments? Share your experience with your classmates.
b) Listen to different genres of music and match them with their names.
A classical D country V M В folk E rock-n-roll C jazz
2. Look at the pictures. Say what these people are famous for.
■ Nikolai Rimsky- ■ John Lennon ■ Luis Armstrong ■ George Gershwin Korsakov
Зш a) Listen to the text and answer the questions.
1. What was the man’s profession? 2. Where was he from? 3. What instrument did he play? 4. Why is he famous? ? ? ?
b) Listen to the text once again. Read the sentences and correct the facts.
1. Gershwin was born in an American family. 2. He cared for music since his early childhood. 3. His parents bought a piano specially for him. 4. After finishing school Gershwin became a professional musician. 5. In 1917 he began writing music for Hollywood films. 6. He always dreamt of writing a real opera but never did it. 7. Gershwin got the Pulitzer Prize for “Rhapsody in Blue". 8. “Lady, Be Good" shocked the American musical world. 9. Gershwin’s best work was “Of Thee I Sing”. 10. “Porgy and Bess" was the best American musical ever written. *
*c) Listen to Gershwin’s music at http://classic-online.ru/ru/composer/ Gershwin/250 and share your impressions with your classmates. [ GRAMMAR
■ Verbs that Can Change Meaning (regret, stop, try, remember, forget)
4. Read the sentences and answer the questions. Pay attention to the use of Gerund and Infinitive after the verbs regret, stop, try, remember, forget. Explain the difference.
1. Charlie stopped reading “Gulliver” last week. Does he read “Gulliver” now? 2. Charlie stopped to drink lemonade, it was too cold. Was Charlie drinking lemonade then? 3. David remembered playing the guitar. Which action happened first, the playing or the remembering? 4. John, remember to buy some bread. Is the action in the past or in the future? 5. David forgot to turn off the radio. Was the radio turned off? 6. Louis forgot turning off the walkman. Was the Walkman turned off? Did he remem ber performing the action? 7. Christine had some difficulties so she tried talking to her teacher but it didn’t help. Did Christine talk to the Headteacher? 8. Christine tried to talk to her mother but she was too busy. Did Christine talk to her mother? 9. Flora regrets deciding to study French at college. Is she now or was she in the past? 10. I regret to tell you that you have lost the exam. Are you just sorry to tell the result or have you already told the result and now you feel sorry about it?
5. Match the beginnings with the endings.
1. John regrets to say a) saying more at the exam, 2. Did Jane remember to talk b) that he couldn’t come, 3. Sue regrets not c) when he got injured. 4. Fred stopped playing tennis d) more frequently but he still didn’t believe. 5. Clare stopped to have a meal e) German but couldn’t remember the polite words, 6. Linda tried speaking to her father f) their diplomas. 7. Nelly tried to speak g) and then couldn’t remember his qualification, 8. They forgot to bring h) and then missed her bus. 9. Helen forgot meeting Ben before i) to George this evening?
6. Listen to the music, guess its name and say who the composer is.
7. a) Read the international words below, guess their meaning and learn to pronounce them.
opera [’рр(э)гэ], ballet [’baelei], conservatory [kan's3:v3tri], composer [kam'poozo], overture [’ouvotjuo], symphony [’simfani], ballad [ЪаеЫ], sonata [so'ncuto], orchestra music [’oikistra] ______The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
b) Read the text and put its parts in the correct order. Listen to the text and check yourself.
1. In 1877 Pyotr Ilyich got married to his former conservatory student Antonina Milykova but their marriage wasn’t very happy. In 1878 the composer left Russia and travelled in Europe. He became friends with lots of famous European composers and gave a number of concerts in France, Germany and England. In 1885 he returned to Moscow and continued his active musical life. Tchaikovsky became the director of the Moscow department of the Russian Music Society, his music got famous in Russia and in Europe. In 1891 he travelled to the USA, took part in his music concerts as a conductor and had a great success in New York. His last years the composer spent in Klin, a town in Moscow region, now there is a Tchai kovsky museum there. He died on October 25, 1893, in St Petersburg.
2. Pyotr Tchaikovsky is one of the most famous Russian composers, conductors1, music teachers and music journalists. He composed more than 80 works, 10 operas and 3 ballets. His compositions make a great part of the world musical culture.
3. In 1850 the family moved to St Petersburg. In 1852 Tchaikovsky Hwas sent to The Imperial Law College2 where he also studied music. Music wasn’t a compulsory subject but the young man showed a great interest in it and took music lessons regularly. He was known as a good pianist but his teacher didn’t see any talents in him. Tchaikovsky finished the college in 1859 and began working in the Department of Justice3. In his free time the man used to go to the theatre and Mozart’s and Glinka’s operas impressed him greatly. In 1861 he began going to Musical classes of the Russian Musical Society. In 1962 the society was transformed into St Petersburg Conservatory and Tchaikovsky became one of the first students there. One of his teachers was Anton Rubinstein who made the young man leave his job and begin doing music professionally. In 1865 Pyotr finished the conser vatory with a big silver medal.
4. Tchaikovsky made Russian opera music world-famous. Among his well-known works are operas: “Eugene Onegin", “Queen of Spades”, “Undine”; ballets “The Swan Lake”, “The Sleep ing Beauty”, “The Nutcracker”; sym phonies, ballads, sonatas, orchestra music for different performances.
5. Tchaikovsky moved to Mos cow and became a professor of the newly-built conservatory. In я The Nutcracker 11868 conductor the — дирижер composer published 2as The a Imperial music Law critic College for — the Императорское first училище правоведения time3 the Department and from of 1872 Justice to — 1876департамент he юстиции worked4 Russian as Gazette a music— Русские critic ведомости in the newspaper "Russian Gazette”4. At that time he got acquainted with a group of St Petersburg composers — members of “Moguchaya Kuchka”. He be came friends with them but their music views were different. That year Tchaikovsky wrote the overture “Romeo and Juliet". In the 1870s Tchaikovsky composed a number of different works: the music for Ostrovsky’s drama “The Snow Maiden”, the ballet “The Swan Lake”. He was interested in the history of Russia, Russian folklore and people’s everyday life, he tried to find his own unique style of music.
6. Tchaikovsky was born on April 25, 1840, in a village near Votkinsk. His father was a di rector of a plant there. They were a family of eight, Pyotr was the second child and had four brothers and a sister. His parents loved music, they had a piano in the house and the mother used to play it every evening, she enjoyed playing Mozart for her family. Tchai kovsky began studying at the age of five and the father called him a pearl1 of the family. He cared for music since his early childhood and learnt to play the piano at the age of 7. When the family lived in the village, they heard a lot of Russian folk songs, village people got together in the summer evenings and sang different songs. Tchaikovsky never went to sleep during their singing, the melodies were charming and unique.
8 . a) Match the columns. 1. Tchaikovsky was born a) on October 25, 1893. 2. The boy learnt to play the piano b) in 1852. 3. He went to Imperial Law College c) at the age of 7. 4. Tchaikovsky finished the conservatory d) in the 1870s. 5. He worked as a music critic e) in 1865. 6. Tchaikovsky composed a number of different works f) in 1878. 7. He gave concerts in France, Germany and England g) from 1872 to 1876. 8. Tchaikovsky died h) on April 25, 1840.
b) Listen to Tchaikovsky’s music at http://www.classic-music.ru/Tchaikovsky.html.
9. Work in pairs. Discuss the following questions:
• What words or images do you associate with the word “music?” • When was the last time you went to a musical performance (concert, musical, oper etta)? Where? Who with? • What sort of music do you listen to? What makes good music?
10. W rite a short essay (10 sentences) about the role of music in your life.
1 pearl [рз:1] — жемчужина The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
Lesson 77
1> Speak about:
• your last visit to a theatre (when, where, what play, who with); • your favourite theatrical genre/performance; • theatres in your city/region.
2 . Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold. box office [,bnks Wis] n a place where tickets are sold in a theatre, concert hall and so on. Tickets to the first night of “Zorro" are sold in the box office of the theatre. stalls [sto:lz] n seats in the part of the theatre nearest to the stage. Seats in the stalls are the most expensive. matinee ['maetinei] n a day performance in the theatre. Matinees are not so expensive as evening performances. pit [pit] n seats in the back part of the ground floor of a theater. Seats in the pit are the cheapest.
3> Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one. 12345
1. Michael insisted on buying the tickets to the pit/stalls because only from there everything could be seen in details. 2. Could you give me the 10th seat in the 1st row/pit in the balcony? 3. Theatre tickets in the ticket office/box office are cheaper than in the theatre agen cies. 4. This play is very popular, seats in the matinee/pit are the only ones left. 5. Stalls/matinees are mostly for children.
4a a) Complete the sentences with the correct words and read the dialogue.
Dima: Hi Lucy! How are you? Lucy: Lovely, thanks. And how are you? Dima: Just fine. Would you like to go to the theatre to “Beauty and the Beast” tomorrow? Lucy: ... or evening performance? Dima: The evening one. I’ve got two tickets in the ... in the 5th row. Lucy: Perfect, that’s the best seats I believe. My friend Ann said that there was nothing left in the ... . Dima: Only seats in the ..., but you can hardly see anything there. Lucy: Thank you for the invitation. When shall we meet?
*b) Choose a type of the dialogue below, make it up and act out. Use the new words.
• Invitation to the theatre • Booking the tickets • Discussing the performance л И nit г - Ш 5. a) Listen to the beginning of the world-famous novel Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. Read the sentences and choose the correct answer.
1. Carrie left ... . a) Chicago b) Columbia city c) her home town
2. She was going to live ... . a) with her sister b) with her friend c) alone
3. Carrie ... to visit the city. a) was afraid b) didn’t want c) wanted
4. She met a ... on the train. a) friend b) relative c) stranger
5. Drouet advised her to visit ... places. a) historical b) famous c) newly built
6. When Carrie saw the city, she felt ... . a) frightened b) speechless c) excited
*b) Describe Carrie. Do you think the city will influence her positively? Why/why not?
6 . a) Read the continuation of the novel and fill in the missing parts of the sentences. Then listen to the text and check yourself.
a. Everybody in the company realized that she had got a start. b. I know where I could get the loveliest room and bath, cheap. c. All members of the company had been warned that to speak meant a fine or worse. d. It might as well have been any of the others. e. Experience of the world and of necessity was in her favour.
Siis±er Currie After Theodore Dreiser Carrie was now one of a group of oriental beauties who, in the second act of the comic opera, were paraded by the vizier before the new ruler as the treasures of his harem. There was no word given to any of them, but one evening the leading comedian and star, feeling very funny, said in a sensible voice, which created a lot of laughter: “Well, who are you?" It happened to be Carrie who was dancing before him. (1) ... He expected no answer but Carrie, whose experience and belief in herself gave her courage, smiled sweetly again and answered: “I am yours truly.” It was a simple thing to say, and yet something in the way she did it caught the audience, which laughed heartily. The comedian also liked it, hearing the laughter.
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“I thought your name was Smith,” he returned, trying to get the last laugh. Carrie was frightened with what she did. (2) ... She did not know what to think. As she was standing in her proper position on the stage, waiting for another entry, looking at the stalls, when the great comedian went past her and paused. “You can just leave that in hereafter,” he remarked, seeing how intelligent she appeared. “Don’t add any more, though." “Thank you," said Carrie, modestly. When he went on she found herself very excited. “Well,you’re in luck,” added another member of the company. “There isn’t another one of us has got a line.” (3) ... Carrie congratulated herself when the next evening the lines got the same applause. She went home happy, know ing that soon something must come of it. Carrie’s little soldier friend, Miss Osborne, seeing her succeeding, had become a sort of satellite. Little Osborne herself could never reach anything. She seemed to realize it in a sort of pussy-like way and instinc tively concluded to be close to Carrie. “Oh, you’ll get up,” she kept telling Carrie with admiration. “You’re so good.” Shy as Carrie was, she was strong in capability. The trust of oth ers made her feel as if she must, and when she must she did. (4) ... No longer the lightest word of a man made her head go round. She had learned that men could change and fail. Flattery1 in its most visible form had lost its force with her. It required superiority to move her. “I don’t like the actors in our company,” she told Lola one day. “They’re all so selfish.” “Don’t you think Mr Barclay’s pretty nice?” inquired Lola, who had received a kind smile or two from that person. "Oh, he’s nice enough,” answered Carrie; “but he isn’t sincere2. He puts such an air3”. Lola tried her catch of Carrie in the following manner: “Are you paying room-rent where you are?” “Certainly,” answered Carrie. “Why?” “(5) ... It’s too big for me, but it would be just right for two, and the rent is only six dol lars a week for both." “Where?” said Carrie. “In Seventeenth Street.” “Well, I don’t know as I’d care to change,” said Carrie, who was already considering the three-dollar rate in her mind. She was thinking if she had only herself to support this would leave her seventeen for herself. Things went up by the offer of a better part. One of the actresses playing the part of a modest sweetheart gave notice of leaving and Carrie was selected.
b) Change the dialogue between Carrie and Lola into Reported Speech.
7. Answer the questions.
1. Who was Carrie? 2. What gave her the start?
1 flattery ['flaet(3)ri| — лесть 2 sincere [sin'sia] — искренний 3 put an air — зазнаваться 3. How did she feel when she broke the rules of the theatre? 4. What helped escape punishment? 5. Why did Lola want to be Carrie’s friend? 6. What did Lola offer to improve her and Carrie’s friendship? 7. How was Carrie’s carrier improved?
* 8. How did Carrie’s life change? Were your predictions right? What brought Carrie success? Read the whole story at http://www.enotes.com/sister-carrie-text.
9. W rite a letter (10 sentences) to your friend about your last visit to the theatre.
Lesson 78
1 . a> Work in groups. Discuss the questions.
• Is fashion important for you? • Where can teenagers get information about the latest trends in fashion? • Can clothes reflect the character? How? • Where do you buy your clothes? Who with? • What influences your choice of clothes?
b) Does fashion have history? How old is it? Look at the time line and speak on the history of fashion in the world.
Italy and France Great Britain lots of Birth of fashion era of crinoline birth of haute couture accessories 14th century 19th century 1868 21th century I---- 1------i------1-- I ------I------1------^ 16th century 1853 20th century Queen Elizabeth had first jeans unisex 6000 dresses and 60 wigs Levi Strauss minimalism ______The Way Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
2. Look at the pictures and describe them. Suggest the teenagers’ characters, hobbies and interests. Use the words in the box.
broadminded ■ flexible ■ frequency ■ modest ■ reliable ■ sensible ■ admit ■ challenge ■ claim ■ determine ■ insist ш significant ■ box office ■ matinee ■ pit ■ row ■ stalls ______>
3. a) Listen to the boys’ opinions about fashion and match the names with the answers.
A Steve В John C Robert D Patrick
1 2 3 4 There are more Style is more It depends on the Fashion has nothing important things important than boy. for boys. in life than fashion. fashion.
b) Whose opinion do you agree with? W hat is your attitude to fashion for boys and for girls?
4. Read the fashion advice written by the readers of a teenage fashion magazine. Do you agree with them?
Do’S The best trend is no trend!1 Who cares what’s in the magazines and on TV? If you like what you wear and you wear it with a smile, you will set the trend! People will think you look great and go to you for fashion trends. Be sensible and always try something new. Good luck! — Terry
When you wear a tight2 shirt, wear loose3 trousers, and when you wear loose trousers, wear a tight shirt. Loose with loose makes you look fat and tight on tight makes you look too thin. — Tracy
I think when you wear jeans, you should wear a cool shirt that makes ordinary jeans look good. You can also wear a good-looking pair of shoes. — Alice
If you have blue eyes wear blue often to emphasize your eyes. — Angela
1 trend [trend] — тенденция 2 tight [tait] — обтягивающий 3 loose [lu:s] — свободный
73 H. Hw't ©
Something absolutely cool right now, especially for teens, is hair dye. Bright unnatural colours like pink or blue look great. This style is especially good for people with short hair. Make sure you try it temporary first to make sure it will look good. — Jes
All the best dressed know that when wearing animal prints less is more! Please don’t dress in animal prints from head to toe!!! The best dressed and stylish are wearing only one print. My favourite is wearing animal print accessories such as a wonderful animal print scarf, or even some fantastic shoes. — Fashion Princess
What looks really good is a dark pair of jeans and a bright yellow shirt or a light blue shirt, it looks so cool! — Natasha
Go with what you feel comfortable in. Just don’t go with what everyone else has on. Go with what you like! — Sally
Golden rule of fashion! If you’re wearing black trousers wear black socks — AL WAYS! — Pamela
When you buy an everyday thing, try to think of at least three things you al ready own that you can wear with that item. — Anonymous
' ф Don’ts
For plus-size girls: don’t wear skinny jeans in very light colours — wear dark jeans, they guarantee to slim you down at least 10 pounds. — Sabrina
Never wear white socks. — Glamgirl
When you walk on high heels1, don’t walk on the heel, it makes you seem like you walk in them every day. — Nae
Even if the look is really in style, don’t wear it if it doesn’t match! — Fiona
Do not wear clothes that are one size smaller than you are. — Whitney
Don’t wear tennis shoes with a dress. — Chelsea
Don’t wear more than three different colours. — Linda
More than three rings look tasteless. Try not to wear too many accessories. — Mag
Don’t try to stay “in” with fashion all the time. Keep to basics! You can’t go wrong, classic things never are on their way out and you can wear them with anything. Sure you can buy a crocodile skirt but you can’t be sure that by the time you wake up next morning it will still be in fashion. — Courtney
1 heel [hi:l] — каблук
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5. Answer the questions according to the advice.
1. What should be worn with a tight shirt? 2. What can make ordinary jeans look cool? 3. What is the golden rule of fashion? 4. What should you think about when you are buying new clothes? 5. Should you always follow fashion? 6. What is fashion for you? 7. What advice can you give?
6. Project. Present How M y Hobby Helps Me in School Life to your class.
NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING
Lesson 79
PARTI
Listening
1 . Listen to seven people talking about the Tulip Festival and match the people with their opinions of it.
Oleg Sally Julia and Chris Gloria and Lucy Mag
Music was the best part of the festival. 1 enjoyed cookies very much. I’ll never forget that bunch of tulips. The tulip display was fantastic. We came here because of her hobby.
75 2. Listen to the “Cruisers for Teenagers” advertisement. Read the sentences and decide if they are true, false or not stated.
1. Today cruise lines are almost the same as they used to be. 2. Cruise lines make cruises available and interesting for all members of the family. 3. The cruise line activities for teens include cinema, video games and reading rooms. 4. Short excursions for different ages are often arranged at the ports of call. 5. Cruise lines even offer dinner parties and evening balls. 6. If you have tried all of the other vacation ideas, enjoy cruise lines with your family.
P A R T II
Reading
1 . Read the texts about holidays and match them with their descriptions.
a. The holiday will teach you a lot. d. The most relaxing holiday. b. Flexible holidays. e. How to start a great holiday. c. Think before you start.
Text 1. The way people spend their holidays shows what they are. But if you have a big family and all of its members are quite different, that’s rather hard to choose a right type of holidays. To begin with, you should think about your relatives’ interests. You know that the best holiday is when everyone is busy with their favourite hobby. You should be very careful about that.
Text 2. A good holiday should be planned beforehand, especially if it’s a camping holiday. Camping is a kind of activity which is not for everyone. To be a good camper one should be active, sporty, enthusiastic and responsible. Camping may teach you how to live in the wilds: put a tent, cook on fire, find edible grass and live without modern conveniences. It’s the best way to have holidays for active people.
Text 3. Very often teenagers choose a beach holiday to enjoy. They say that it’s a great way to make friends and to have a real rest. All day long you may swim in the sea and sunbathe or play beach volleyball and other beach games. In the evening you may go for a walk, go dancing or go to the cinema. Students say that a beach holiday is the best way to relax after difficult exams.
Text 4. Sightseeing tours are not so wonderful as you may think. Before starting on a sight seeing tour remember that you’ll see a lot of different places, you’ll move from one place to another, see ancient building, visit great museums, take thousands of pictures and run, run and run. Of course after such a holiday you’ll be able to say that you’ve been to 10 great cities and seen a hundred great places. But do you remember anything? Have you had a good rest?
Text 5. It’s a bit like camping but you don’t stay at one place all the time. It’s a good and cheap way to see the world and it’s very popular in Europe. Have you guessed? It’s hitch hiking. This kind of holiday will give you an opportunity to visit different places but not to be on the run. You may stay as long as you like. And if you are tired of changing places, you may spend a week or so in one place. That’s a very flexible type of holiday. 2. Read the text about theatre history. Decide if the statements below are true, false or not stated.
The history of theatre goes back to more than 2,500 years. They say that the first theatres appeared in Rome and included street theatre, dancing, acrobatics, situation comedies and romantic tragedies.
The first theatre in England “The Blackfries” was built in 1576, and “The Globe”, which is closely connected with William Shakespeare, was built in 1599. In the ancient times plays were acted inside churches and later on the market places.
Among modern theatres the most famous are The English National theatre, The Royal Shake speare company and Covent Garden. Covent Garden has a unique history. It used to be a fashionable promenade — but even before it had been a monastery garden — but when it became full of flower-sellers, fruit-sellers and vegetable-growers, the people moved to more exclusive surroundings farther west, such as St James Square.
The first Covent Garden theatre was built in 1732. It was burnt down in 1808 and re built exactly a year after. It opened in September 1809, with Shakespeare’s Macbeth. Since the middle of the last century Covent Garden became exclusively devoted to opera. Now Covent Garden is busier than ever, it is one of the few well-known opera houses open for 11 months of the year and it employs over 600 people from both the Opera Company and the Royal Ballet.
There are a few peculiarities about the British theatre. There is no permanent staff in Brit ish theatres. A play is rehearsed for a few weeks by a company of actors working together mostly for the first time and it is allowed to run as long as it draws the audience. Another peculiarity of the theatres in Great Britain is that there are two kinds of seats, which can be booked in advance in the box office (bookable), and unbookable ones have no numbers and the spectators occupy them on the principle: first come —first served. People can choose between matinees and evening performances.
Beginning with the 16th century, theatre used to be a fashion display. Audience came to the theatre and watched exactly what actors wore. Some of the dresses were given to the staff by the members of the Royal Family. Elizabeth I gave her dresses to The Globe and visited it occa sionally to enjoy them. The actors were not allowed to wear costumes outside the theatre. The situation changed only in the 20th century when television was invented. But even today most people wear their evening clothes for theatre visits, they show themselves and watch the others.1 234567
1. The first theatres appeared in Rome more than 2,500 years ago. 2. The first theatre in Great Britain was built in the 16th century. 3. “Covent Garden” used to be a fashionable promenade. 4. “Covent Garden" is well-known for its musicals. 5. Unbookable seats are given to those who come half an hour before the performance begins. 6. Theatres used to be the displays of dresses. 7. The actors were allowed to wear their dresses outside the theatre.
77 Lesson 80
PARTI
Use of English (Grammar and Vocabulary)
1 . Change the words in capitals on the right so that they fit the spaces provided.
A dog who ... his master well for years, and had won a lot SERVE of fights in his time, ... to lose his strength and speed of the BEGIN age. One day, when he and his master went ..., his master started HUNT to follow a ... wild bear and set the dog after him. The latter POWER caught the bear by the ear, but his ... were gone and he couldn’t TOOTH hold the bear, so the bear escaped.
His master began to cry at him very ..., but the dog interrupted LOUD him with the words: "My will is as ... as ever, master, but my body STRONG is old and weak. You ought ... me for what I have been instead HONOUR of ... me for what I am”. PUNISH
2. Change the words in capitals on the right so that they fit the spaces provided.
A lion ... asleep when a mouse ran over his back and tickled him LIE so that he woke up with a start and began ... about everywhere LOOK to see what it was that ... him. A fox, who was looking on, thought DISTURB he would have a joke, so he said: “Well, this is the ... time I’ve ONE seen a lion afraid of a mouse.” “Afraid of a mouse?” said the lion ... “Not I! It’s his bad manners I can’t stand.” SIGNIFICANT
P A R T II
Writing
You have received a letter from your friend who writes:
Last week l had a task to write an essay "The healthiest hobby". Of course l have a lot of hobbies but it's quite hard to say which one is the healthiest. My hobby is cycling. On the one hand, it's very good for my physical form. But, on the other hand, I get no intellectual information. W hat about you? W hat are your hobbies? W hat is the healthiest hobby for you? Can you live w ithout a hobby? Explain your answer.
W rite an answer to the letter (100—120 words). Express your opinion and answer 3 questions. Remember the rules of letter writing. The Ц/aij Уои Spend Уоиг Free Time
Lesson 81
Speaking
Student card
Task 1
Give a 1.5—2 minute talk on the role of hobbies in everyday life. Remember to say: • why people have hobbies; • what hobby you enjoy most of all; • how this hobby helps you in everyday life.
Task 2
Your family is planning summer holidays: • time and place; • type of holiday; • holiday activities.
Discuss possible opportunities with your friend. Speak about positive and negative answers to the mentioned questions from your point of view. Remember to: • discuss all the questions; • be polite; • take an active part in the conversation.
Lesson 82 Reserve Lesson 83 Test Lessons 84, 85 Home Reading
79 environment?
• Cycling to school. • Using public transport. • Travelling alone in a car. • Travelling by air. • Picking up rubbish. • Drinking bottled water. • Recycling bottles. 23456
b) Suggest other activities and discuss whether they are good or bad for the environment.
2. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold.
breathe [bri:5] v take air into the lungs and then give it out, especially as a regular physi ological process. The air is polluted, that's why it’s hard to breathe here. cause [ko:z] v to make something happen, especially something bad. The fire caused $ 10.000 worth of damage. destruction [dis'trAkfn] n the act or process of destroying something or being destroyed. The destruction of the natural park was prevented. litter flits] n rubbish such as paper, tins, and bottles left lying in an open or public place. Always clear up after a picnic and never drop litter. renewable [n'njuiobl] a that can be renewed by natural processes or good management. Renewable energy such as solar power is widely used in Europe today.
3a Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one.
1. There was a lot of litter/rubbish/papers in the river, we can’t wait a minute. 2. The fire caused great damage/beneHt/destruction in the area. 3. It’s hard to live/leave/breathe in modern cities. 4. She’s got a natural/renewable/hidden source of information, you can’t conceal your project. 5. The government demanded/asked/claimed strict following of the social rules. 6. The rain stopped/demanded/caused a lot of accidents. I ------The World Is Mine
4. Change the words in capitals on the right so that they fit the spaces provided.
A lot of whales live in the Pacific Ocean. They can stay under water for an hour or so but then they have to swim up to ... . Water pollution BREATH is very dangerous for whales, it ... their natural sphere of living and they DESTROY have to migrate to other places. Such process ... a change in the behaviour of whales. They are not CAUSE friendly to people any more, because people, and not animals, throw ... LITTER in the water and on the shore. We ... a more careful treatment of animals around us. That’s not DEMAND an eternal ... source of food, fur or just toys. RENEW
5. Listen to the five students talking about different environmental problems. Match the problems with the speakers. 1. Sharon a) global warming 2. Hugo b) mass-produced clothes 3. Lionel c) plastic containers 4. Sabrina d) public transport 5. Eleanor e) bottle banks
6. a) Look at the pictures and say how the river has changed in 300 years.
b) Read the text and say what the main idea is.
The Blue River
Lots of organisms lived in the water of "The Blue River”. The water was clean and beautiful, swimming fish could be seen there. All the plants and animals in the river made a big food web. Three hundred years ago there was a small village on the river side. There lived a few friendly people who did hunting or fishing and grew different fruit and vegetables in their green gardens. The farmers had enough meat and milk as all of them had cows, pigs, sheep, ducks, hens and other domestic animals. People took care of their fields and their river which was the only source of fresh water for them. The land was very beautiful and attracted a lot of other people from different places. People came, built houses, grew vegetables, killed wild animals and the village grew. Soon the riverside population was too large to be supported by the existing fields and there appeared an urgent need to support the population with food and meat. Forests were cut down to develop new fields for planting and for domestic animals to go and eat. Wild animals disappeared when the forests were cleared. That was the begin ning of the destruction of the natural food web. Village people used to hunt a lot and sell fur of different animals but, in the end, this business was over. The people tried to solve this problem by setting up factories and producing different goods. Many factories were successful and people were attracted from other areas to work in them. As a result, population increased, additional food was required and the rest of the forests were transformed into farming lands. Men brought their families to the village, built houses, had a rest on the river side. It was a popular place for family picnics and open-air activities. People swam a lot, played games, ate their lunch and left some litter every time. Slowly the river changed into a massive industrial and agricultural centre. Soon after the river in dustry was functioning, there were no more forests that could be cleared for farming. People demanded more fruit, vegetables and fresh water for living. In order to produce more food for the population the riverside farmers stopped changing crops and grew them on all avail able land. In a few years they discovered that they had made a mistake, because the land without rest couldn’t produce enough crops. But they were lucky because at that time fertil izers1 were developed. They were delivered to the farmers in large amounts and by using them farmers could plant their crops all year round without worrying about the land. Time went on and more and more products were produced and used every day. When a large group of people lives in one area, there is a huge amount of waste material pro duced. Tons of rubbish and sewage2 must be recycled every day. The river made this task easy at first. Most waste was thrown into the river and it turned its beautiful look into an ugly sight, all that caused the river to die. Soon people noticed lots of rubbish in the river and swimmers couldn’t swim in it any more. The river side which used to be a perfect place for picnics was full of dead fish.
7. Answer the questions.
1. How did the villagers live on the river side 300 years ago? Why were more fields needed? 2. Why did wild animals leave the river side? 3. How did the villagers solve that problem? 4. How did the village change into an industrialand agricultural centre? 5. Why did people use fertilizers? 6. What caused the death of “The Blue River”?
* 8. Look through the text once again. W hat mistakes did people do to cause the death of “The Blue River”? W hat should be done to improve the situation on “The Blue River”?
9. W rite a summary (10 sentences) of the text The Blue River.
Useful Language
breathe, cause, destruction, litter, renewable
1 fertilizer ['f3:tilaiZ3] — удобрение 2 sewage ['s(j)u:i Lesson 87 1 . What associations do you have with the word “ecology”? What is the connection between ecology and environment? Do you care about the environment? What do you do? 2. Look at the pictures and describe the ecological problems shown in them. W hat causes such problems? What are possible ways to solve these problems? 3. a) Listen to the text about the mother of ecology and say what Ellen Swallow Richards is famous for. • ® v y b) Read the sentences and choose the correct answer. 1. In 1887 Richards made a big pioneering research of ... in Massachusetts, a) tap water b) drinking water c) river water 2. ... Ellen attended Vassar College. a) After school b) After MIT c) After years of work 3. She was the ... in America to be accepted by the Massachusetts Institute of Technol ogy. a) first woman b) first student c) only woman 4. Ellen Richards worked as ... in the nation’s first laboratory of sanitary chemistry, a) an instructor b) a professor c) scientist 5 5. The laboratory examined the quality of ... in Massachusetts, a) land b) air c) water 83 6. The first state water-quality ... were introduced by Ellen Richards, a) rules b) standards c) requirements *c) Find more information about E. Richards in the following sites and say what new facts you have learned. Use http://www.vhemt.org/ecology.htm, http: //www. journalofecology.org/view/O/index.html or http://www.sas.upenn.edu/-dixonmj/Ellen_Swallow_Richard_pdf. У GRAMMAR ■ Past Perfect Passive (Revision) 4. Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verbs in brackets and read the sentences. 1. An urgent letter ... (write) before he arrived. 2. This source of renewable energy ... (use) till the 20th century. 3. These ecological problems ... (cause) by the garbage before this method of protection was discovered. 4. By the 20th century a great destruction of the land ... (notice) by people. 5. The magazine ... (deliver) by the time he returned from his trip. 6. Trinity College ... (attend) by lots of famous people before she came. 7. This method ... (approve) by the 18th century. 8. The research ... (support) by the government before she knew it. 5. Think about the 1st of June last year and say what had been done by you before that time. Use Past Perfect Passive. The book had been read by the 1st of June. 6 . Read the tale and fill in the missing parts (a, b, c, d). Then listen to the text and check yourself. a. Then the third scholar went back to the procedure of breathing the breath1 of life into the animal. b. I have spent all my life studying, and I know many things, but I know them only from books. c. They had studied late into the night to prepare themselves for this work, and their friend had done nothing. d. Clearly, this is the place where we should try out our knowledge to see if it works in the world. 1 breath [breG] — дыхание The World Is Mine The Lion-makers Four men grew up together in a little village in India. Three of the men were scholars, but the fourth man never studied anything. In fact, he had never read a book in his life. He just got along as best he could on his own common sense. But the four men had been friends as children and they remained friends despite their differences. One day, the four friends were sitting under the trees talking of this and that when one of the scholars said, "Something has been bothering me. (1) ... I don’t know if my knowl edge works, out in the world.” “You know," said another of the schol ars, “the same thing has been bother ing me! But somehow, this little village doesn’t seem to offer a place for me to try out my great knowledge.” “Clearly,” said the third scholar, “we must travel out into the world and try out our knowledge there.” The other scholars agreed, but then there was their friend. They had always done everything together, share and share alike, but suppose... suppose they found some lost treasure by using their knowledge? Suppose they solved a problem for a rajah and he rewarded them with gold and jewels? (2) ... He had only common sense, and what rajah would be impressed with that? They argued this back and forth, as they so enjoyed doing, but finally they de cided to do as they had always done, share and share alike. And so they started on their journey. They walked along for many days, and one day they saw some bones on the path. One of the scholars said, “I can tell from my studies that these bones are the bones of a lion. Now it happens that I have learned how to arrange the bones as they would be in a living lion.” "Really?” said the second scholar, “that is interesting — for it happens that from my studies I know how to put flesh and blood and skin and fur on the bones.” “Indeed?” said the third scholar. "How curious. It happens that I know the next step. Once the animal is formed, I know how to breathe the breath of life into it. (3) ...” The others agreed. The fourth man, the one who wasn’t a scholar, was simply impressed by this display of learning and didn't say anything at all. So the first scholar stepped forward and arranged the bones as they would be in a liv ing lion. Then he stepped back, and the second scholar stepped forward and put flesh and blood, and skin, and fur on the bones. Then he stepped back, and the third scholar stepped forward, about to breathe the breath of life into the animal, when the fourth man said “Wait! That’s a lion! That’s a lion you are about to bring to life. It could eat us up! Stop! Think what you’re doing!” “We know what we’re doing,” said the scholars. “We have studied this all our lives. Don’t worry. Just leave everything to us." “Well, all right,” said their friend, “but... could you wait till I climb a tree?” “Certainly," said the scholars and they waited till their friend had climbed a convenient tree. (4) ... And sure enough, the lion started breathing, opened its eyes, looked at the three scholars, sprang upon them, and ate them up. After the lion had gone away, the fourth man, the one who wasn’t a scholar, climbed down from the tree and made his way back to the village, taking with him no great treasure of gold and jewels, but only his own common sense. 85 7. Read the sentences and say if the information is true, false or not stated in the text. 1. The four men had been great friends from their childhood. 2. The scholars were worried that they didn’t know enough of the world. 3. They didn’t want to take their fourth friend on a journey because he was greedy. 4. The scholars decided to bring a lion to life. 5. The scholars tried out their knowledge successfully. 6. The fourth man had more life experience. 7. Common sense is better than knowledge. * 8. The story The Lionmakers was told at the European Atomic Conference. At first all scientists laughed but then suddenly stopped laughing. Why? Say what connection the story has with modern science and technology. Give examples. 9. W rite an essay “W hat is the role of ecology in modern life?” (10 sentences). m Lesson 88 1 . Watch the music video Mercy Mercy Me (The Ecology) by Marvin Gaye and speak about the problems shown in it. (http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=U9BA6fFGMjI). 2. Work in pairs. Discuss the following activities. How are they connected with the environment? Do you do these activities? How often? Why? • • Buy a hamburger in a plastic container. • Pay more for environmentally friendly products. • Buy imported fruit or vegetables. • Use plastic bags for your shopping. • Buy cheap, mass-produced clothes. 3. a) W hat is organic farming? Listen to the text and you'll answer this question. The World Is Mine b) Listen to the text once again and tick the points discussed. Say why the above mentioned points are so important for organic farming, describe them. • Water • Food •Soil • Landscape • Protection • Health • Birth • Biological difference • Air • Transport • Growing [ GRAMMAR * ■ Present and Past Perfect Active and Passive (Revision) 4. Open the brackets using the verbs in the correct forms. 1. The tickets ... (deliver) just to the box office. 2. They ... (give) a flexible timetable today. 3. Sue ... (pretend) already to be a famous actress. 4. Fred ... (attend) this school for eight years. 5. The students’ demand ... (admit) by the professor by that time. 6. The pupils ... (not obey) the rules of the school before the master arrived. 7. The renewable energy ... (make) the main problem of the conference today. 8. The environmental group ... (insist) on the water protection before the rule appeared. 9. This question ... (argue) by the scholars long time before it became a world problem. 10. The water ... (evaporate) in that lake before last summer. 5 a a) Match the parts. 1. “Vanity Fair” a) Pyotr Kapitsa by 1980 2. The telephone b) Ellen Richards for two centuries 3. Penicillin c) William Makepeace Thackeray by 1850 4. “Persuasion” d) William Somerset Maugham in the 20th century 5. The Fashion Museum e) Alexander Bell by 1880 6. The first ecologist f) Alexander Fleming by 1950 7. The Nobel Prize g) in Bath 8. “Theatre" h) Jane Austen by 1817 b) Make up sentences in Passive Voice using exercise 5a. Read them out loud. 6. a) Look at the pictures and say why tourism may be dangerous for the environment. кггггИь. 1 1 I ' l . . —WJfountaing . i P w ■ i f /ЯШШ * Л*,г- Ш F o u n t a in ' / CLOSED, > r « ф . _ r c l o s e d > pPk^J - , b) Read the text and say if your ideas were right. Tourism Today О Tourism is quite a young industry in the world, but it’s one of the largest and fast grow ing today. The Romans are considered to be the pioneers of tourism when they founded their holiday villas not far from Naples. In the 19th century the education of the rich and privileged people wasn’t complete without a Grand Tour of Europe’s cultural sights. Things started to change for ordinary people in 1845 when Thomas Cook, of Leicester, England, organized the first package tour. By 1939, about one million people were travelling abroad for holidays each year. At the end of the 20th century tourism became really popular. Tour ism has been industrialized: landscapes, cultures, cuisines, and religions have become things shown in travel brochures. The effect of tourism since the 1960s has been great. For example: American national parks are not open to everyone. But even this can’t protect the most popular sites. By 1981, there was an eight-year waiting list to go rafting down the Grand Canyon’s Colorado River, so now there’s a lottery once a year to select the lucky travellers. The nature of the Grand Canyon is not so beautiful as it used to be because lots of tourists have spoilt its water, air and plants with litter and exhaust1. At Westminster Abbey, in London, about hundreds of visitors enter each minute during opening hours. Dozens of buses, having put down their passen gers, wait outside, their exhaust eating away fresh air near the abbey. Thousands of tourists have been visiting Kamchatka springs, what has led to the changing of temperature balance in some of them and a few of them stopped functioning at all. Prehistoric caves with paint ings not far from Bath are ruined every day by the breath and bacteria from 150,000 visi tors a year. The National Sites’ Protecting Fund is demanding to close the caves for public and to build its replica. A lot of great cities of Europe, such as London, Paris and Prague, are claiming that their historic centres are rapidly becoming theme parks — tourist ghettos filled with clicking cameras and left by all local residents except for the souvenir sellers. In Bath or Brighton each tourist uses ten times as much water and electricity as a local person. Feeling that this is unfair, local people don’t consider tourism so important for the economy.O Tourists destroy famous places, they write their names on unique churches or cathedrals, try to bring home some stones from ancient monuments, throw litter anywhere they like. World cultural treasures are in great danger of being destroyed by the unstoppable march of tourism. More than 4,000 tourists visit Stonehenge every day, but that’s not only about Stonehenge. More than 600 million tourists a year now travel the globe, and most of them want to visit the world’s most treasured sites. The tourist industry will soon be the largest industry in the world, and it has just reached its 50th birthday. Many places that once were far away are now part of package tours. Until recently we all believed that travel broadened the mind, but now many believe the opposite — modern travel narrows the mind. Will noth ing put a stop to the growth of such tourism? At first tourism was related only to the economic growth of a county, but beginning with the 1970s and 1980s tourism has been related to ecology too. There was a big discus sion about its benefit for a country and this question hasn’t been solved yet. Tourism was said to destroy not only the ecology of tourism centres, but also the sites themselves. Today scholars believe that we should protect our environment from tourism and develop ecotourism. 1 exhaust [ig'zo:st] выхлопные газы ______The World Is Mine 7. Read the sentences and choose the correct answer a, b or c. 1. A Grand Tour of Europe was a(n) ... part of education for rich people, a) optional b) compulsory c) important 2. The first package tour was organized in ... by Thomas Cook, a) 1845 b) 1939 c) 1960 3. ... go rafting down the Grand Canyon’s Colorado River today. a) People from the waiting list b) All people c) Lucky people 4. The atmosphere and the historical sites are ruined by ... . a) tourists b) buses c) tourists and transport 5. Local people ... tourism very important for the economy, a) consider b) don’t consider c) think 6. Tourists ... treasures of the world culture, a) keep b) protect c) destroy 7. ... people travel every year. a) 600 million b) 4,000 c) 600,000 8. Tourism is a(n) ... ecological problem, a) new b) modern c) old *8. Work in groups. Choose a tourist attraction in the place where you live or anywhere else and describe how it has changed in the last five years. What advice can you give for its protection? Write a list of activities to protect this place, present your plan to your classmates. 9. Write 10 pieces of advice how to protect the world from mass tourism. Lesson 89 1 . Look at the six badges taken from the collection of the London Museum. They date from the 1960s to the 1990s. W hat is the purpose of these badges? Describe them, say which one you like most. 2. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold. breath [bre6] n the air taken into or given out from the lungs. He took a deep breath and considered visiting her for the second time. earthquake ['3:0kweik] n a sudden shaking of the earth’s surface that often causes a lot of damage. The town was destroyed by the earthquake. exhaust [ig'zo:st] n waste gases or air gone from an engine, car or other machines. Old buses gave out black clouds of exhaust. fertilizer ['f3:tilaiza] n a chemical or natural substance added to soil or land to make plants grow quicker. Fertilizers are often used in modern farming. fume [fjirm] n an amount of gas or vapour that smells strongly or is dangerous to breathe. Clouds of exhaust fumes were left by the car. 3 . Replace the underlined parts of the sentences with the new words. 1. A lot of harmful ingredients are put into vegetables. 2. Exhaust fumes have negative effect on our environment. 3. Endangered species were found under the stones after a number of terrible shakes. 4. She breathed in and pretended uninterested. 5. The amount of gases evaporating from the cars has reduced this year. 6. If a car gives away too much waste gases, it’s not allowed to be in the city centre. 4 . a) Complete the sentences with the new words. Read them out loud. 1. Big cities are so full of ... that even mosquitoes don't live there. 2. Take a deep ... and read all the terrible news about summer fires. 3. Clouds of ... are left by this factory every day. 4. ... happen really seldom in our surroundings. 5. ... are put into soil to make vegetables grow faster. 6. Does modern style of life ... people's health badly? * *b) Make up your own examples with the new words. The World Is /Mine 5. a) Listen to Miss Charles Grey, the head teacher of Green School, talking about Earth Day and say why it is celebrated in April. b) Read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is given. 1. People take care of the earth only on Earth Day. 2. The first Earth Day in the United States was celebrated on April 22, in 1970. 3. The United Nation celebrates Earth Day on the 21st of March every year. 4. Switching to canvas bags for shopping will do no good. 5. Native trees help clean the air by absorbing carbon dioxide. 6. You can buy a lot of books about the environment on Earth Day. 7. Teenagers never research environmental problems. *c) List all the activities which were mentioned by Miss Grey. Do you do any of them? 6 . Read the texts and match them with the pictures. A. The Island fox is a small fox that is native to six of the eight Channel Islands of California. There are six species of the fox, each unique to the island it lives on, reflecting its evolutionary history. Other names for the Island Fox include Coast Fox, Short-Tailed Fox, California Channel Island Fox. The small size of the Island Fox is an adaptation to the limited resources available in the island environment. The foxes are believed to have come to the northern islands between 10,400 and 16,000 years ago. At first, fox populations were located on the three northern islands, which were likely to reach during the last ice age. It is likely that Native Americans brought the foxes to the southern islands perhaps as pets or hunting dogs. Read more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/lsland_Fox. B. The kakapo, also called owl parrot, is a species of large, flightless parrot living in New Zea land. It is the world’s only flightless parrot, the heaviest parrot, active mostly at night, eating grass. It is also possibly one of the world’s longest-living birds. The kakapo is critically endan- A gered; as of February 2010, only 131 living individuals were known, most of which have been given names. The ancestor of the kakapo became isolated from the other parrot species when New Zealand broke off from Gondwana, around 82 million years ago. Kakapos lost the ability to fly, and when European colonisators came with cats, rats, and dogs, the number of kakapo was seriously reduced. Kakapos are historically important to the Maori, appearing in many of their traditional legends and folklore. Let’s take a breath and hope that they will survive. Read more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakapo. C. The Ethiopian wolf, also known as the Abyssinian wolf, red jackal or Simien fox, comes from Africa. The numerous names show previous uncertainty about its position among other species, but it is now thought to be related to wolves rather than foxes. The Ethiopian wolf is found 3,000 metres above sea in Ethiopia, and is very important for the ecosystem. It is the most endangered dog species, with only about seven populations still living. English scientists try to protect these wolves against dog diseases from which they die most often. Read more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopian_Wolf. D. Przhewalski’s horse, or Dzungarian horse, is a rare and endangered species of wild horse native to central Asia, specifically China and Mongolia. At one time extinct in the wild, it has been reintroduced to its native place of living in Mongolia at the Khustain Nuruu National Park. The last wild Przhevalsky’s horses were seen in 1966. The horse is named after the Russian colonel1 Nikolai Przhevalsky (1839-1888). He was the explorer and naturalist who first described the horse in 1881. Many of these horses were caught, around 1900 were placed in zoos. After 1945 only two populations were left in zoos, in Munich and in Prague. Exhaust fumes of the cities have been bad for them. In 1992, sixteen horses were sent into the wild in Mongolia. Read more at http://animals.nationalgeographic.com/animals/mammals/przewalskis-horse. E. The Philippine eagle, also known as the monkey-eating eagle, used to live in the forests in the Philippines. Being among the rarest, largest, and most powerful birds in the world, it has been declared the Philippines’ national bird. It is critically endangered, mainly due to massive loss of place for living because most forests have been cut down. Unfortunately, people have influenced its life greatly. The Philippine eagle is shown on 12 Philippine stamps and some coins. Historically, about 50 Philippine eagles have been kept in zoos in Europe. The first was a bird that arrived in London Zoo in August 1909. Read more at http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine_Eagle. 7. Here are the answers. Make up the questions. 1. It had to adapt to the limited resources available in the island environment. 2. They could be pets or hunting dogs. 3. It is the heaviest and the only flightless parrot in the world. 4. They appeared in many of their traditional legends and folklore. 5. Its position among other species wasn’t clear for a long time. 6. From dog diseases. 7. In central Asia. 8. He explored them in nature and described in the book. 9. Because it’s the rarest, largest, and most powerful birds in the world. 10. Because most forests have been cut down. 8. Work in groups. Talk about the measures which can help save these endangered species. What endangered species live in you area? What is done to help them? colonel ['кз:п(э)1] — полковник The World Is Mine 9. Find the information about one endangered species and write about it for your school newspaper (10 sentences). Use http://www.endangeredspecie.com. Lesson 90 1 . Look at the pictures. Compare them. Say what has changed after the pollution of the city.2 2. Which of the environmental problems do you think are the most serious in Russia? Why? How do you think they will affect our country in the future? 3. Listen to the radio news and match the events with the places (see page 94). You have one extra event. You’ll need these words to understand the news. V V magnitude ['maegnitO)u:d] — величина, Richter scale ['rikto 'skeil] — шкала Рихтера, consequence ['krmsikwans] — последствие 93 1) earthquake a) Russia 2) flood b) Britain 3) fire c) America 4) draught d) Canada 5) storm 4. Read the text. What are greenhouse gases? What is global warming and what causes it? The Greenhouse Effect., Climate Change, Global Warming and You The Earth’s average temperature has increased by about 1°F over the past 100 years. Scientists expect the Earth to warm another 2 to 6°F over the next 100 years. As the tem perature continues to rise, the Earth and her inhabitants may experience some problems. Many of the world’s leading climate scientists agree that human activities are contributing1 to Earth’s warming. The Greenhouse Effect A blanket of gases in the atmosphere doesn’t let some of the sun’s heat escape back into space. This is the greenhouse effect. These gases (mainly water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and methane) are called greenhouse gases. Greenhouse gases and the greenhouse effect are natural and necessary for life on Earth. The problem is that people have added to the blan ket of greenhouse gases, causing the earth to heat up more than may have naturally occurred. This began over 200 years ago. During a period called The Industrial Revolution machines were invented that require energy to run. As the population grew, energy use also grew. Most of the energy needed to run machines and cars, to heat homes and to make electricity comes from burning coal, oil and natural gas. Burning fuels releases greenhouse gases into our atmosphere. Over time these additional greenhouse gases may have contributed to the Earth’s warming. Climate Change Climate is the typical weather for a place. For example, Pittsburgh, PA, USA, might have some warm, sunny winter days, but their average weather, the climate, is mostly cold with some snow and rain in the winter. Climate change means long-term weather patterns, such as temperature and rainfall, are changing. Global Warming Global warming is an increase in Earth’s average temperature, which causes changes in cli mate. This change in climate, over time, could influence the habitats and food supplies of plants, and wildlife. It’s important to be aware of the global warming caused by human activities, because there are many things we can do every day to make a positive differ ence. If we try, we can each do our part to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases that we put into the atmosphere. HERE ARE SOME THINGS YOU CAN DO ABOUT GLOBAL WARMING! * Learn about the environment! The more you understand about global warming and its influence on the environment, the easier it is to make positive changes. Talk with your friends and family about what you’ve learnt, and set a good example. There are many good books and websites that will help you learn more about the environment, and how you can help to protect it. Surf the sites: http://topics.nytimes.eom/top/news/science/topics/globalwarming/index.html#, http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming, http://library.thinkquest.org/CR0215471/global_warming.htm. 1 contribute [kon'tribjul] — вносить вклад The World Is Mine • Walk, ride your bike, take the bus Walking and riding a bike add ZERO greenhouse gases to the atmosphere! Four people can ride together in one car instead of driving four cars to school or work. • Save electricity! Whenever we use electricity, we put greenhouse gases into the air. By turning off the lights, the television and the computer when not in use, you can save a lot of energy. Don’t leave chargers1 plugged in when you’re not charging. Use a solar-powered calculator or radio. • Plant trees Planting trees is fun, and a great way to reduce greenhouse gases. Trees take carbon di oxide, a greenhouse gas, from the air, and can shade your home to reduce energy used for air conditioning. • Recycle Recycle cans, bottles, plastic bags, clothes and newspapers. When you recycle, you send less rubbish to the landfill2 and you help save natural resources, like trees, oil, and elements such as aluminium. • Think about the environment when you buy things One of the ways to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases put into the air is to buy prod ucts that don’t use as much energy. Some products, like certain computers, TVs, stereos are made especially to save energy and have special labels on them that say ENERGY STAR®. Buying products with ENERGY STAR® labels will help protect the environment. You can help the environment by buying recyclable products instead of non-recyclable ones. Look for the recycle mark on the package. Recyclable products are usually made out of things that have already been used. It often takes less energy to make recycled products than to make new ones, and the less energy we use, the better it is for the environment. You can help your parents to remember to look for environmentally friendly products. 5. Read the sentences and correct them according to the text. 1. People’s activities have no impact on the climate change. 2. Water can’t evaporate because of greenhouse gases. 3. The greenhouse effect started affecting the Earth in the 21st century. 4. The global warming influences only people’s life. 5. It’s difficult to find a good source of information about the environmental problems. 6. Recycling produces less greenhouse gases. 7. Planting trees helps save natural resources. 8. There is no difference in buying recyclable and non-recyclable products. *6. Work in groups. W hat do you do to protect your city/village from the pollution? Think about 10 rules how to keep your area clean. Present them to your class. Use the following phrases for ideas. adopt sb ■ ban sth from sth ■ build sth ■ encourage people to/not to do sth ■ improve sth ■ fight for sth ш look after sth ■ not to allow sb to do sth ■ prevent sb from doing sth ■ put more sth ■ plant sth ■ recycle sth ■ repair sth ■ stop doing sth ■ take actions ■ use sth ■ value sth 1 charger [’tfaicfeo] — зарядное устройство 2 landfill ['laendfil] — мусорная свалка [ GRAMMAR ■ Prepositions (Revision) T. Read the sentences and choose the correct prepositions. 1. John has watched a film made by/after Nikita Mikhalkov. 2. Sue goes home on/by taxi. 3. On/ln my opinion the environmental problems are the most important. 4. Jane contacted Fred through/by e-mail. 5. They watched “Admiral” on/by video. 6. Lisa is fond of walking in /at the rain. 7. The bus left on/in time. 8. Helen was very upset but George arrived on/in time to help her. 8. Complete the sentences with prepositions. 1. ... my opinion the government should spend more money on recycling programmes. 2. The train left ... time. 3. This is the best cartoon I’ve seen filmed ... Disney. 4. She usually goes to college ... car. 5. The new exhibition opens tomorrow and the director is worried that it won’t be ready ... time. 6. Is there anything worth watching ... television tonight? 7. She doesn’t like walking ... the snow. 8. They enjoy travelling ... foot. 9 . W rite an article (8—10 sentences) to your school newspaper about the environmental problems in your area. Homework 1 J Х > и"и|" 1 @ 1. No. 3 ^ 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 4, 9 Lesson 91 1 1 . a> Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • What is global warming? • Why is it dangerous for the planet? • What can you do to prevent it? The World Is Mine b) Use the pictures in exercise 4 and add three more activities. 2. Listen to the story about an animal which helped to settle North America, read the sentences below and correct them according to the story. 1. Beavers are significant only for North America. 2. Beavers were hunted by the first settlers. 3. In America beaver skin became the most valuable. 4. Beavers still build dams. 5. In the 20th century Americans began to protect beavers. 6. Beavers live in houses under water. 7. Beavers gnaw1 a tree till it falls down. *3. Watch the video about beavers and describe the problems which these animals can cause; speak about possible precautions (предосторожности). (http://www.youtube.com/watch ?v=yAJ lmvKC4Kw) 4. Look at the pictures and say what can be recycled using the methods shown there. Describe the pictures. 5. Read the text, divide it into paragraphs and match each paragraph with the title. a. What Are the Benefits of Recycling? b. What Can Be Recycled? c. How Can You Get Involved in Recycling? d. Why Is Recycling Important? e. What Is Recycling? f. Garbage Threat1 2 R ecyclin g Most people don’t think twice about what they put in the garbage. The average person pro duces 3 -5 pounds of trash3 per day, which adds up to 50 tons per year. That means over 200 million tons of trash are produced by everyone in the world every year! Up to 70% of this trash is buried in landfills. The frightening thing is that more and more landfills are closing down because they are too expensive to keep. The world is struggling to find alternative ways to reduce the amount of trash. Only about one-tenth of the world garbage actually gets recycled 1 gnaw [no:] — грызть 2 garbage threat ['gccbicfe 'Gret] — мусорная угроза 3 trash [traej] — хлам И nit every year, when in reality over half of it can be recycled into new products. Recycling is one of the most important acts to follow in our daily lives because it can reduce the amount of waste in our landfills, save our natural resources and provide better air and water quality. Recycling is the process of collecting materials that are often considered trash and remanufac turing them into new products that can be resold and used again. Recycling can also include reusing products for different purposes in your own home instead of throwing them away, such as using an old coffee can as a planter or a milk carton as a bird feeder. Recycling is more important than ever because just throwing away trash in a landfill or digging a hole and burying it is not a solution to the waste problem. Most natural trash items like food can break down and decompose in a matter of weeks. But for man-made products like glass, plastic bags and aluminium cans it may take months or years to break down. Here are some averages for how long it takes certain products to biodegrade in the earth: • Plastic bottles: 1 million years • Glass: 1 million years • Aluminium cans: 50 to 200 years • Paper: 1 to 5 months • Batteries: 100 years There are thousands of items that can be recycled and reused as new products. Listed below are the most common items: • Glass. Recycling glass products uses 40% less energy than making glass products from all new materials. • Plastic. Recycling one ton of plastic saves 57 cubic metres of landfill space. • Metal. Recycling metal can create new parts for cars and buildings, as well as contain ers for food. • Paper. It takes 40% less energy to make paper from recycled paper than from fresh wood. There are also many products whose components are recyclable, such as computers. And products that you wouldn’t even think could be recycled, such as automobile tyres1. Recycling benefits everyone and everything. Here are a few reasons why: • Saves natural resources such as wood, water and minerals. • Saves energy. • Produces less greenhouse gases. • Recycling programmes cost less than waste disposal programmes2. • You can receive money for turning in certain recyclable products. • Recycling centres create 4 jobs for every 1 job in the waste disposal industry. • Recycling programmes keep 70 tons of waste from being deposited into landfills every year. • Prevents the destruction of natural habitats. • Decreases soil erosion. You can be part of the recycling initiative by either recycling products on your own or by joining a recycling programme. By joining a local or worldwide recycling programme you can help save millions of tons of recyclable products from being dumped into overcrowded land- 1 tyre ['taiaj — шина 2 waste disposal programme — мусороперерабатывающая программа 98 The World Is Mine fills. Recycling programmes give you an opportunity to meet others with eco-friendly interests and prevents a large amount of land and water pollution. Read more at http://www.epa.gov/osw/conserve/rrr/recycle.htm or http://www.thinkgreen.com/ recycling. 6. Answer the questions. 1. Why is the situation with landfills so serious? 2. What part of garbage can be recycled and what part is recycled? 3. What does recycling include? 4. Why can’t a landfill be a suitable solution for the garbage problem? 5. What are the most popular recyclable items? Why? 6. What are the advantages of recycling? 7. What is the aim of recycling programmes? [ GRAMMAR ■ Phrasal Verbs (Revision) 7. Complete the sentences with the prepositions where necessary. to ■ for ■ with m at ■ of 1. Sue is leaving her native town ... London at 4 pm tomorrow. 2. Have you already paid ... these books? 3. Bill has to apologize ... my friend. 4. When Rosy is angry, she always shouts ... her sister. 5. Who does Mary agree ..., Kate or Jess? 6. Luke thinks ... Nancy all the time, he’s very worried before the meeting. 7. Maggie asked ... the way but couldn’t get the right directions. 8. I can explain ... the teacher what has happened. 8 . Choose a word and a preposition that goes with it from the box to complete the sentences.1 2345678 1) pay ■ explain ■ shouted ■ listening ■ interested ■ disagreed ■ afraid ■ kind 2) to (4) ■ of ■ with ■ in ■ for 1. In her spare time she likes ... BBC radio. 2. Fred is ... foreign languages. 3. Have you ever ... a decision your parents made? 4. Let me ... the meaning of the environmental problems ... you once again. 5. Betsy didn’t climb the mountain. She is ... heights. 6. Matt couldn’t stop Wendy. He ... her but she didn’t hear him. 7. Diana adores her teacher because she’s very ... her. 8. The clothes were all free. I didn’t ... it. 9. Do you recycle anything? W rite a report (8—10 sentences) about the ways of recycling you use in your life or the ways of recycling which are most often used in your area. Homework (D 1- Mo- 2 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 5, 9 Lesson 92 1 . Work in groups. Discuss the ways of recycling used in your area. Is it enough for your area? Should more recycling programmes be introduced? W hat is your attitude to recycling? 2 . Listen to the text about computer recycling, read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is stated. 1. The US produces tons of electronic waste because most American states have more that 4 million computers. 2. Computers are very difficult to recycle. 3. A lot of people donate their old computers to non-profit organizations. 4. A glass monitor and a CD ROM drive can’t be recycled. 5. Computer recycling reduces landfill space and saves energy used in factories. 6. If you recycle your computer, you’re given a discount for buying a new one. 3 . Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meaning of the new words in bold. disposable [dis'pouzabl] a intended to be used once or for a short time and then thrown away. There are too many disposable boxes in modem shops. fertile ['f3:tail] a land which is able to produce good crops. He sold them 300 acres of fer tile land and a small house. fuel [fjirol] n a substance such as coal, gas or oil that can be burnt to produce heat or energy. The car’s fuel becomes more and more expensive. harm [ham ] 1. n material damage. The flood is likely to do much harm to the city. 2. to cause harm to. There was a fire in our street, but no one was harmed. sewage ['s(j)u:icfc] n the mixture of waste from the human body and used water that is carried away from houses by pipes under the ground. The factory secretly threw sewage into the Ohio River. surface ['s3:fis] n the top layer of an area of water or land. T h e tu n n e l was about 300 feet below the surface. 4. Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one. 1. Using fertilizers in farming can harm /surface/fuel vegetables and fruit. 2. Fertile/surface/disposable package is not always easy to recycle. ______-—, ------The World Is Mine 3. Enormous landfills destroy the sewage/surface/fuel of our country. 4. Minerals/fertile/disposable lands are becoming rarer and rarer in the world agricul tural industry. 5. Sewage/fertile/disposable water from the city factory polluted the lake. 6. People can save surface/fuel/m inerals by recycling more products. 5. a) Read the dialogue and fill in the new words. Dima: Hi Alice! What are you doing? Alice: Hi Dima! I’m trying to write a composition for the school contest. You know it’s about ... package, recycling and environment pollution. Dima: I’ve already written one about the changes on our planet’s ... and the future changes which modern technology can cause. Alice: I’ve been trying to write something about ... the greenhouse effect can bring but I think I’ll change my mind. Dima: Why don’t you write about ...? Every city has big problems with ... water. Alice: That’s a good idea, thank you. I also tried to write about saving ... by recycling different products but now I believe that your idea is better. b) Change the underlined phrases and make up your own dialogue. Act it out. 6 . Read the first part of the essay which Dima has written and answer the question “Why does modern technology owe ecology an apology?” Modem Technology O'Wes Ecology an Apology? Part I This is what some people say when they read the news about pollution, defor estation, extinction of flora and fauna and global warming. They blame1 modern technology, the materials and ideas developed in the last century to help humans in their activities. The ecological cycle has been greatly destroyed by the devel opments people have achieved. But does modern technology really owe ecology an apology? Why? Is it because it took away its attractiveness and reduced the attention and respect for nature’s beauty? Is it because it destroyed the envi ronment? Has all modern technology harmed Mother Nature? I think modern technology does owe ecology an apology as some but not all of it has negatively affected the ecology. First of all, let’s examine the influence of modern technology on the environment. Modern technology has indeed harmed the environment. It created bulldozers, cranes, guns, nuclear weapons and other dangerous equip ments that have been used by men to clear forests for cities. Nuclear weapons have been used in wars and destroyed the nature. Radioactive waves have reduced the fertility of the land to zero and killed all living organisms in the area. Not only has the usage of modern technology harmed the environment, its production itself involves such harming. One common example would be the pro duction of paper. About sixty kilograms of paper is produced from a tree. But the world uses hundreds of thousands of tons of paper every year. That means thousands of trees were cut so that people can use paper for the production of newspapers, books, advertisements, study materials, and much more. It not only reduced the number of trees existing, but also endangered the species that 1 blame ['bleim] — винить 101 И nit used to live in that sphere. Without a home, where do they live? So they die and the ecological cycle that once existed there stops to function. Not only does modern technology harm the environment, it also reduces its attractiveness. From the prehistoric times to the 1950s, nature was one of the most enjoyed wonders. Va cations were spent enjoying the sunset, enjoying the cool breeze in the jungles, and watching the animals. In this era, that sort of activity still exists but at a different level. People cannot find places to enjoy without paying a price to enter the national park that is called a pre served area. There are no jungles or forests that can be explored on our own. Moreover, now the majority of people go to shopping centres where some even buy themselves clothes made of animal skin. They no longer go to parks for relaxation. Some even consider park-going out-dated. This is the attitude of people nowadays. Modern technology has clearly seemed a more attractive choice compared to the unchanging natural surroundings. Now, shouldn’t modern technology apologize to ecology for reducing the attention given to it? However, the recent modern technology has made improvements to reduce damage to the environment. For example, the use of hybrid technology in vehicles like cars has greatly re duced pollution as it reduces the amount of exhaust fumes. Moreover, there are technologi cal improvements in the generation of power that does minimal damage to the environment. For example, solar power is now widely used in Mexico. This hardly affects the environment. Every year, more houses in Asia also use solar power to heat their water. Wind turbines built in the Netherlands have effectively supplied a large amount of electricity to this country every year. In fact, 20% of power in Denmark is supplied by wind technology. Clearly, there are modern technologies that have worked to minimize damage to the environment. With this perspective in mind, technology does not really owe ecology an apology. 7. Read the sentences and choose the correct answer. 1. The ecological cycle has been ... by the developments people have achieved, a) improved b) changed c) reduced 2. Modern technology ... fertile lands and the Earth’s natural surface, a) destroyed b) supported c) damaged 3. The ... of modern technology harms the nature. a) production b) usage c) production and usage 4. Modern technology ... the nature’s beauty, a) considers b) improves c) reduces 5. Modern people ... relaxing in shopping centres, not in parks, a) prefer b) refuse c) regret 6. The recent modern technology is ... environmentally friendly, a) less b) more or less c) more 7 7. The usage of wind energy is aimed at ... minerals and the environment, a) preserving b) damaging c) protecting 102 The World Is Mine *8. Work in groups. Discuss the questions. • How does modern technology change the environment? • How does modern technology influence our life? • How does modern technology change our attitude to nature? 9. W rite an essay (8—10 sentences) about modern technology’s effect on ecology. Homework ж ...... © 1. Ex. 6b, 9 % 2. Ex. 1-4 4 Lesson 93 1. Work in groups. Let’s speak about health and modern technology. Discuss the questions. • How does modern technology influence our health? • How does modern technology change our attitude to health and beauty? • How does modern technology help people keep fit? * 2. Describe the pictures. Speak about the popularity of the shown technologies in your country and their influence on people’s health. Hnit 3. Listen to four students speaking about the influence of modern technology on their lives. Match the students’ names with the topics they speak on. You have one extra topic which you don’t need to use. 1. Ben a) My marks have improved. 2. Tracy b) My eyesight has become poor. 3. William c) It helped to find the real problem. 4. Barbara d) I’ve got problems with communication. e) It helps me keep fit. 4. Read the second part of Dima’s essay. Give it a title. Now, there are some innovations in science which protect nature. Newspapers worldwide have published a million articles about the quality of the environment becoming worse and worse. People have paid attention at last. Some technology has been helping ecology. The technology of recycling waste, especially that of land resources like paper and metals, has greatly reduced the influence on natural resources. Thanks to environmental technology, plants and trees can be grown on the exhausted land with the usage of special ecologi cal fertilizers. Beside that, a lot of new methods were de veloped to save animals and plants. Egg incubators have the ideal environmental factors to protect endangered spe cies and threatened plants from harm so that they can live and not become extinct. This has shown how advanced technology has helped the ecology. In any case, we should think, who is really at fault for the effects that modern technology has done to ecology? Some argue that it is the human to blame, not modern technol ogy itself. How true is this? Well, if you consider the usage of nuclear technology, when people use it for the good, it produces a lot more power than coal. That means pollution from coal is greatly reduced with the use of nuclear technology. However, in the wrong hands nuclear explosions would happen and cause massive destruc tion of nature. In the case of plastics it is the human’s choice to use plastics although it is not biodegradable1. It is the human’s choice to recycle it or to reduce its usage. These facts show that humans, not modern technology, are the ones who damage the ecology. In conclusion, modern technology has both helped and harmed the environment. Thus, al though human choices are the ones that determine its effects on the environment, modern technology is still essential to have such an effect on ecology. Since it is still responsible for the influence on the environment, it does owe ecology an apology. But innovations have helped the ecology, and ecology should forgive modern technology and work hand in hand to help each other. However, we should still work on protecting the environment first as it is the most important problem at hand. For that to be achieved, all levels of the society should work together and support the government’s actions towards protecting the environ ment. Without everyone’s support, this may not be achieved, as it takes two hands to clap. Just remember this, where there is a will, there is a way. 5. a) Here are the answers. Make up the questions. 1. Newspapers. 2. The technology of recycling waste. 1 biodegradable [.baioudi'greidabal] — разлагаемый микроорганизмами 104 т The World Is Mine 3. То protect endangered species and plants. 4. It produced more power. 5. It’s our choice to recycle or reduce it. 6. Innovations. 7. Joined activities. b) Add three more questions to the text. 6. Work in groups. Do you agree that people and not modern technology damage the ecology? Give facts when people used technology carelessly and damaged the ecology. How can people develop new technology without damaging the environment? Do you use modern technology a lot? When? How does it influence your life? Disscuss these questions. [ GRAMMAR ■ Present Perfect, Present and Past Perfect Continuous (Revision) 7. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Use Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous. 1. We ... (travel) for three weeks. I’d like to return home. 2. Sue ... (write) a letter. Now she can e-mail it. 3. I think I ... (meet) you before. Have you ever been to London? 4. Margaret ... (know) Jack for 7 years. 5. Why does Jane look so tired? She ... (make) dinner. 6. ... you ever ... (eat) fried bananas? 7. Linda is on holiday, her sister ... (look) after her dog. 8. George wants some rest. He ... (plant) apple trees all the morning. 8. Read the beginning of the sentences and give reasons for each situation according to the example. Use Present or Past Perfect Continuous. Bill’s project is the best because he has been working on it for two months. 12345678 1. Tory is glad ... 2. Paul didn’t like travelling ... 3. Fred failed his history exam ... 4. Jane’s throat is sore ... 5. Carol is very upset ... 6. Mark won the contest ... 7. Tom felt sick ... 8. Sue has received a medal ... 105 Иnit 9 . Do exercise 8 in writing in your exercise book. Homework @ 1. No. 3. 3. Ex. 1-4 2. Ex. 4, 8, 9 Lesson 94 ! • Describe the pictures and say how these habits influence people’s health. 2. Samantha is an exchange student from Britain who is very careful about her health. Answer her questions. 1. Is medicine free in Russia? 2. Should I make an appointment with a doctor beforehand? 3. What facilities are there for students to keep fit? 4. Is folk medicine used in Russia? Give examples. 3 . a) Listen to the text, read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is given. You’ll need these words to understand the text. healing ['hi:lir)] — лечение, cells [selz] — клетки, yeast [ji:st] cells — дрожжевые клетки, cancer ['kaenso] — рак, rate [reit] — уровень 1234 1. Greeks knew about healing properties of music long ago. 2. Russians proved that music has a certain influence on people’s health. 3. Different cells in the human body produce different sounds. 4. The diagnosing process with the help of music may show cancer and other diseases at the earlier stages. 106 ______The World Is Mine * 5. Music couldn’t change blood circulation. 6. One musical style is healthier that another one. 7. Music influences the growth of cells. b) What is your attitude to music as a healing instrument? [ GRAMMAR ■ Present and Past Simple in Passive Voice (Revision) 4. Work in pairs. Use the phrases in the box and ask each other different questions in the Passive Voice. to examine one’s throat ■ to have an injection ■ to weigh ■ to lose appetite ■ to put one’s foot in a cast ■ to feel sick ■ to feel giddy ■ to take one’s temperature a to examine ______J joJt, • How often is your temperature taken? • When were you sent to the hospital the last time? 5. Put the verbs in brackets in the correct form. Nikolai Amosov (to be) a heart surgeon, inventor, best-selling author, and exercise enthusiast, who (to know) for his inventions of several surgical procedures for treating heart defects. He (to be born) on the 6th of December 1913 in Cherepovets, Russian Empire. In 1932 he (to graduate) from the Cherepovets Mechanical College. In 1939 he also (to finish) the Arkhangelsk Medical Institute. During the Great Patriotic War he (to send) to the front as the leading surgeon of a field hospital. In 1952, Amosov, as a prominent specialist in tho racic surgery1, (to invite) to the Kiev Institute of Tuberculosis, to head a specially created clinic of thoracic surgery. Amosov (to be) one of the initiators of the widespread introduction of surgery for diseases of the lungs into our country. In 1961, Amosov (to award) the Lenin Prize for his work in lung surgery. 6. a) Read the titles of the articles and say what they may be about. If Historic Trends Continue, Number of Fat Adults in US Will Rise by Million and Million by 2030 Promoting Physical Activity and Healthy Eating Among Children Chocolate Wars: Chocolate is Banned2 at Schools Networking Site Influence — Positive or Negative? 12 1 thoracic surgery — хирургия органов грудной клетки 2 ban [baen] — запрещать 107 И nit ( 1. A book about the story of a short overweight girl who diets and becomes ^ the school soccer star has been called "the most dangerous one". The book Mag gie Goes on a Diet is for pre-teens with Maggie, the character, shown as a round T-shirt-wearing cartoon figure with orange hair holding up a small pink dress and looking at a thin version of herself in the mirror. This is the wrong way to send the message about keeping fit. A children’s doctor Alison Wetton believes that prescribed diets for youngsters have a negative psychological effect. She says, "The way we help with childhood fatness is by changing adults’ attitudes to eating, and hope parents will adapt the healthy eating habits they learn on their All About Weight plan for the whole family.” Alison added that consultants in weight loss organizations encourage families to exercise as much as possible. She concluded by saying: “Losing weight is as much a process of education as it is a problem of will-power. Prevention is bet ter than cure, and if we bring our children up with a healthy attitude to food and exercise, and teach them why it is the best way to live, we won’t have any Maggies looking sadly at themselves in the mirror”. 2. In this week’s Medicine, two articles were about the question of whether “adult” ratings should be given to films with smoking scenes in them. Even though the World Health Organization advises the adult ratings to be given to films which contain smoking scenes, very few governments have agreed with this recommendation. The researches explain their primary reason for supporting the film rating is to make producers leave smoking out of films that are for youths. Such kind of advertising should be avoided. More challenging is the fact that “many governments give money to the US film industry to produce youth films with smoking scenes and as such make youth smoking popular,” the researchers say. Simon Chapman from the University of Sydney and Matthew Farrelly from RTI International, USA, strongly argued against adult ratings for movies with smoking scenes. They gave out four reasons why they believed this to be ill-advised. Claiming that there is no connection between showing smoking in movies and smoking habits. Smok ing scenes are seen not only in movies, it’s part of our everyday life, they are shown on the Internet too. They believe that adult classification of films is a highly inefficient way of preventing youth smoking. 108 ------v * The World Is Mine A At. ■ 4- vs,. . , ■ .... ,w . | \ 3. Teenagers in the USA who regularly use networking websites are more likely to smoke, drink alcohol and use drugs, says a research done by Columbia University. Teens aged from 12 to 17 years were asked whether they used social networking web sites regularly. 70% said they do spend some time each day on a networking site. It was found that those who regularly go on networking sites have a five times higher chance of smoking tobacco products, are three times more likely to drink alcoholic drinks and twice as likely to take drugs. Watching TV was also analyzed. Lots of teens watch various reality shows and poor quality sitcoms. Teenagers who watch such pro grammes are more likely to develop bad habits. However most parents (87%) do not believe that teenagers who regularly spend time on social networking sites online have a higher chance of drinking alcohol. 89% think the same about drugs. V ^ ' ______) 7. Match the information to the articles. a) Scientists want to prevent youngsters from watching smoking scenes. b) Those who use social networking sites are more likely to get bad habits. c) The book showed a dangerous example of girls’ behaviour. d) Many governments give money to support the US film industry. 1. Article 1 e) Dieting has a negative psychological effect on children. 2. Article 2 f) Most parents don’t take seriously the Internet or TV influence. 3. Article 3 g) There are a lot of other sources for watching smoking scenes. h) Children must be brought up with a healthy attitude to food and exercise. i) Columbia University research showed negative influence of social networking websites. *8. Work in groups. Discuss the following points. • Do you agree that such books as Maggie Goes on a Diet really influence teenagers’ life? Do you know any other books like that? • Do you think that adult rating on films with smoking scenes will prevent smoking among teens? • Do you agree that those who use social networking sites are more likely to have bad habits? 9 . Look through health news and write a short report (8—10 sentences) about the most popular health problems discussed in the press. 109 И nit © l a a) Read the phrases and divide them into two groups: positive effects and negative effects of cyber1 life. have a lot of friends ■ can communicate with lots of people from different countries ■ spend most of the time in front of a computer ■ have no physical exercise ■ have poor eyesight ■ find any information ■ be never bored ■ have problems with real Lessoncommunication 95 ■ live in games (have a cyber identity) ■ have good computer skills Positive effects Negative effects b) Look at the pictures and describe the health problems shown in them. W hat causes them and what should be done to improve these teenagers’ health? 2. Listen to the text, read the sentences and complete them with the correct answer. 1. Eating chocolate is associated with a ... heart health, a) better b) worse c) good 2. ... could help reduce the risk of heart disease. a) Exercise and reading about healthy life b) Exercise and diet c) Diet and less time in front of the computer 3. Chocolate can ... insulin and ... blood pressure. a) stimulate, slow b) regulate, control c) slow, improve 1 cyber ['saibs] — относящийся к компьютеру, кибер 110 The World Is /Mine 4. The researchers ... the information taken from a number of experiments, a) checked b) compared c) proved 5. There was ... difference between milk and dark chocolate research, a) some b) little c) no 6. There should be ... sugar in commercially available chocolate, a) more b) different c) less 3. Read the definitions and the examples, guess the meanings of the new words in bold. confirm [кэпТзгт] v to show that something is definitely true, especially by providing more proof. The doctor confirmed my diagnosis. Confirmation. impact ['impaskt] n the effect or influence that an event or situation has on someone or something. The impact of eating chocolate on you health is great. property ['propati] n a quality or power that a substance or plant has, a characteristic. No difference was shown between black and white chocolate properties. reveal [n'vi:l] v to make known something that was previously secret or unknown. The re searcher revealed new facts about chocolate properties. damage ['daemicfe] n/v physical harm that makes worse the value, usefulness, or normal function of something. Earthquakes damage the industrial development of the country. • 4. Read the sentences, pay attention to the words in italics and choose the correct one. 1. The research showed/revealed/considered some new properties of this medicine. 2. The Internet has great impact/influence/support on teenagers today. 3. The doctor argued/repeated/confirmed that the appointment should be made be forehand. 4. Watching too much TV influences/confirms/damages children’s eyesight. 5. New properties/influence/effects of the drug were discovered. 5. Complete professor Benjamin Black’s letter to his colleague changing the words in capitals if necessary. Dear Helen, Thank you for the invitation to this meeting. ... CONFIRM the time, when should I arrive? It’s important for me because I’ve got other questions to solve which will be ... later. To tell you the truth, I’m not so sure in REVEAL the ... of the global warming on our breathing. It goes with IMPACT out saying that the greenhouse effect ... our planet but it’s DAMAGE not the only problem we have. The ... of nuclear power PROPERTY should be discussed in more articles and at more confer ences. Still thank you so much. Sincerely yours, Ben 111 l/lnit 6. Read Alice’s composition for the school contest and give it a title. People nowadays care more about their health than they used to. They understand that good health is above wealth. To be healthy we should avoid differ ent bad habits that can affect our health. In my opin ion, smoking and drinking alcohol are the worst ones. It’s common knowledge that smoking and drinking can shorten our life. Smoking, for example, causes a num ber of heart and lung diseases. Besides, it makes your teeth yellow and skin unhealthy. Smoking has been banned in most public places because everyone agrees it has a harmful impact on our health. Smoking and drinking are joined by less dangerous habits, such as skipping meals, eating unhealthy food, or even overeating. Of course, they are not quite as harmful as smoking or drinking alcohol, but they also affect our health. If we eat too much, we’ll become fat, and being fat leads to serious health problems. A lot of people like drinking coca cola and coffee, and enjoy pizzas and hamburgers. But what is tasty is not always healthy. In recent years eating habits have undergone a change. People are encouraged to eat less fat and more fibre. Salads, beans, and fruit have taken the place of steak and ice cream. The fashion for healthy foods is growing all the time. Many people feel they are too fat, even if their doctors dis agree. And a lot of people try to keep fit. There are a lot of ways to lose weight and avoid gaining it. Perhaps the most popular of them is following a diet. People have become more aware of calories, the energy value of food. Some even count the number of calories they eat every day; so that they can try to take in fewer calories and lose weight. But too much dieting can be dangerous, too. Some people refuse to eat meat as they consider it harmful. They say a vegetarian diet reduces the risk of cancer and vegetarians live longer than others. I can’t agree with them, because meat is an excellent source of good nutrition. To my mind, the only way to stay healthy and to keep fit is by going in for sports. Among the benefits of regu lar exercise are a healthier heart, stronger bones, quicker reaction and no diseases. Besides, you can eat and drink as much as you want because you are burning it all off. To be healthy, it is also very important to spend a lot of time in the open air. It is good to go for a walk before going to bed, or to air the room. I think it is very important to be fit and healthy. Being fat, in fact, can reveal real problems. That’s why I go in for sports on a regular basis. I have been doing aerobics for three years and I feel great. I am not enthusiastic about strict dieting, but I try to eat only low-fat food, and fruit and vegetables which are rich in vitamins. Sleeping eight or nine hours, getting up early, regular meals, a healthy diet and going in for sports is really a good way to live. 78 7. Read the sentences and correct the facts. 1. Smoking influences only people’s teeth and skin. 2. Smokers are welcome in all public places. 3. People are encouraged to eat more fat food. 4. People can’t control their calories. 5. Dieting is always positive. 6. Eating meat was confirmed as harmful for people’s health. 7. It is now revealed that sports have little influence on our life. 8. If a person sleeps 8 or 9 hours a day, this person will always be healthy. 112 - The World Is /Mine *8. Work in groups. Look at the pictures in exercise 1 and say if there are many teenagers in Russia who have the same problems. W hat do the government and school do to help them? Do you have any friends with the same habits? Do you help them to give up their habits and stay fit? How? 9 . W rite a plan consisting of 8—10 different points showing how to keep fit in the modern world. Lesson 96 Listen to Dima and Alice talking about Slow Food and say what the purpose of Slow Food organization is. 4Л®. 2 a Listen to the dialogue once again, read the sentences and say who said what. 1. The Slow Food organization began in Italy in 1986. 2. Slow Food was founded by Carlo Petrini. 3. It has over 100,000 members in 150 countries. 4. Young families are encouraged to live in villages. 5. I watched a programme about a dream canteen. 6. There are a lot of Schools for Healthy Food in Europe. 7. We’re organizing autumn markets to display our products. 8. Slow Food is not only about food, it’s about a healthy way of life. 3. Answer the questions. 1. What is Slow Food? 2. Why was it started? 3. What do members of the Slow Food organization do? 4. What is the purpose of school projects? 5. What do Schools for Flealthy Food teach? 6. What are the most active countries in Slow Food? 113 И nit - © 4 . a) Read the slogans of Slow Fooders. Explain them. 1. I chose Slow Food because to change the world you have to change the menu first. 2. Slow Food made me realize how important it is for farmers, producers and cooks to work together in order to protect our agricultural heritage. 3. Slow Food unites the pleasure of food with responsibility and harmony with nature. 4. Slow Food is an idea, a way of life and a way of eating. b) Work in groups. Discuss the following questions: • Do we need Slow Food organization in Russia? • Will it really help improve the way we live? • What purpose should it have in Russia? c) Find more information about Slow Food at http://www.slowfood.com and say what new facts you have learnt. 5 . Your teacher will give you a card with the name of a hobby on it. Your task is to describe its positive impact on people’s health and prove that it’s the best hobby for young people. 6 . a) Read the words and learn to pronounce them. causeway ['ko:zwei], County Antrim, World Heritage Site, UNESCO, Fionn mac Cumhaill, Benandonner, Oonagh, Sir Richard Bulkeley, the Bishop of Derry, Susanna Drury, the National Trust b) Dima and Alice have visited the Giant’s Causeway. Read the text about it and say how it was formed. The Giant's Causeway The Giant’s Causeway is an area of about 40,000 connected basalt columns, the result of an ancient volcanic eruption. It is located in County Antrim on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland. It was declared a World Heri tage Site by UNESCO in 1986. In a 2005 Ra dio Times readers named the Giant’s Causeway the fourth greatest natural wonder in the United Kingdom. The tops of the columns form stepping stones that lead from the cliff and disappear under the sea. The tallest columns are about 12 metres high. The Giant’s Causeway is today owned and managed by the National Trust and it is the most popular tourist attraction in Northern Ireland. Some 50 to 60 million years ago there were a lot of volcanic eruptions in Antrim, and ba- 114 The World Is /Mine salt columns formed after that. But the legend has it that the Irish warrior Fionn mac Cumhaill built the causeway to walk to Scotland to fight his Scottish enemy Benandonner. One version of the legend says that Fionn fell asleep before he got to Scotland. When he did not arrive, the much larger Benandonner crossed the bridge looking for him. To protect Fionn, his wife Oonagh laid a blanket over him, so he could pretend that he was actually their baby son. When Benandonner saw the size of the “baby", he thought the fa ther, Fionn, must be gigantic indeed. Therefore, Benandonner ran back home in terror, destroying the Causeway in case he was followed by Fionn. The discovery of the Giant’s Causeway was announced to the world in 1693 by the presentation of a paper to the Royal Society from Sir Richard Bulkeley, from Trinity College, Dublin, although the discov erer had, in fact, been the Bishop of Derry who had visited the site a year earlier. The site received international attention when a Dublin artist Susanna Drury made watercolour paintings of it in 1739. In 1765 an article about the causeway appeared in volume 12 of the French Encyclopedia. The site first became popular with tourists during the nine teenth century, particularly after the opening of the Giant’s Causeway Tramway, and only after the National Trust took over its care in the 1960s commercial usage was minimized. A special project was started to protect the site from the negative influence of thousands of tourists. It hasn’t been finished yet but a new tourist centre has already been built there. A number of routes were organized for visitors to explore the causeway. Visitors can walk over the basalt columns which are at the edge of the sea, a half mile walk from the entrance to the site. One of the most serious problems is the litter problem. It hasn’t been solved yet because if we put special rubbish bins on the causeway, it will destroy its beautiful look and damage the aesthetic view. But if we don’t do anything, the site will turn into a big rubbish bin. There are of course a lot of other environmen tal problems and, if you are interested, read more about the Giant’s Causeway on www. giantscausewayireland.com. c) Listen to the text and read it out loud. 7. a) Divide the text into logical parts and give them names. b) Read the sentences and choose the correct answer. 1. The Giant’s Causeway ... basalt columns. a) is made of b) is decorated with c) is connected with 2. It’s the fourth natural wonder in ...... a) Britain b) the world c) Northern Ireland 3. Columns appeared as a result of Benandonner’s ... . a) fight b) strength c) running away 4. Fionn’s ... assisted him in fighting with Benandonner. a) son b) friends c) wife 5. The Giant’s Causeway was discovered by ... . a) the Bishop of Derry b) Sir Richard Bulkeley c) Susanna Drury 6 6. Now visitors can ... the basalt columns, a) watch b) walk over c) paint 115 116 Unit Чф 1 пагубная addiction привычка, [3'dikf(3)n] — пристрастие Lesson 97 Lesson *8. 3. 3. . l D eecs 8 n rtn. or ln hud nld 810 sentences. 0 8-1 include should plan Your writing. in 8 exercise Do . 9 . ht s h ms iprat hn we paig game? Why? a game? playing computer when favourite thing your is important What most 4. the is What 3. . ae dito i te ot motn polm n h mdr society. modern the in problem important most the is addiction Game 3. . is ei paig optr ae a a ery age. early an at games computer playing begin Kids 2. 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Euainl ae hv bcm popular. become have worse. games study Educational • computer, play who Students, • hr’ to uh ilne n optr games. computer in violence much exercise. physical too There’s enough • have games. don’t Children • children’s changed consoles today. Game • violence children. much their too There’s about • care don’t nowadays. Parents fat • too are •Youngsters eyesight. influences Computer • itn o ae oe, n xet n video in expert an Jones, Kate to Listen true http://www.giantscausewayireland.com/ or or false. orc te as ones. false the Correct . x 1-4 Ex. 3. ^ . ------г-— .------The World Is Mine 4. Computer games show teenagers a right way of life. 5. Educational games are becoming more popular. 6. Video games are used instead of books. 7. Teenagers don’t like reading today. У GRAMMAR ■ Singular and Plural of Nouns (Revision) 4. Read the sentences and choose the correct answer. 1. Linda, the news ... fantastic! I’ve won the competition, a) are b) is c) have been 2. Fish and chips ... almost 5 pounds, a) cost b) sell for c) costs 3. Nobody ... this new book of hers, a) doesn’t like b) like c) likes 4. Charlie’s dogs are leaving ... everywhere, a) much hair b) many hairs c) hair 5. Mag saw a lot of ... in the Red sea. a) fish b) fishes c) the fish 6. I’m sorry but your research ... not reliable, you need more facts, a) be b) are c) is 7. Physics ... not so boring as it seems to be. a) are b) is c) be 5 . Put the words in brackets in the correct form and complete the sentences. 1. Mary has seen many ... (ox) in Spain. 2. Lena was surprised with lots of ... (sheep) walking near Stonehenge. 3. ... (man) and ... (woman) were waiting for a bus to arrive. 4. This was a tale about ... (goose) and ... (mouse) friendship. 5. Jack saw two ... (deer) in the forest. 6. Nelson could see nothing but people’s ... (foot) from his place. 7. The tiger showed strong ... (tooth) and turned back. 6. Ask your neighbour questions using the words from the box and the correct form of the verb to be. / ------trousers ■ news ■ shorts ■ billiards я pyjamas 1 Where are your blue jeans? я scissors я glasses я mathematics я politics ______J -j 117 7. a) Read the text and say what are pros and cons1 of playing computer video games. T h e P ros and Cons of Playing Computer Video Games 1. Are computer games bad for your health? Only 3% of gamers are lonely and never play with others, according to the latest Inter active Australia report by Bond University. Many games involve multi-person play, with players either in the same room or connected online. Games are a topic of conversa tion that allows kids to build relationships with each other. "Boys and girls view game playing as a social activity, not an isolating one. For boys, game strategy is a topic of conversation. If you don’t play, you’re left out of that conversation.” 2. Video games can give you an eye for detail. Researchers from the University of Roches ter found that people who spent 30 hours training in action games over a month no ticed targets1 2 on a screen 80% of the time; non-gamers managed this only 30% of the time. It was found out that some game software can improve visual skills important for safe driving. National Institutes of Health Studies have shown that software reduces crash risk by up to 50%. 3. No longer called simply time-wasters, video games are now considered a fast-track to a sharper mind. Iowa State University studied a group of surgeons, they found that those who played video games three or more hours a week were 27% faster and made 37% fewer errors. The surgeons were not playing games specifically designed for them. “They were whatever off-the-shelf games they had played in the past.” 4. Games are also proving to be a powerful analgesic. Professor David Patterson of the Uni versity of Medicine says. “Virtual-reality games are unusually attention-taking, leaving less at tention to the process producing pain signals.” SnowWorld is the first virtual reality game for patients with burns3. Patients who play it while having dressings4 changed report a 40- 50% reduction in pain. 5. A new research from the University in Spain shows that the risk of being over weight increases with every hour teens spend on virtual play. Yet games may also be part of the solution. A study from the University of Hong Kong found playing games in which players mimic the actions involved in sports is a good way of keeping fit. Players can use about the same energy as they would on a fast walk. 6. Hours of repeated movements can damage nerves in the fingers. Physiotherapists are also worried about young spines5. “Most children sit on the floor playing games, or on their beds, or in chairs that are generally too big for them," says a physiotherapist Wendy Emberson. 7. “Recent research on 7,000 online gamers found 12% signs of ‘addictive’ playing,” says Professor Mark Griffiths. “In online gaming there is no end to the game and there is the potential to play endlessly.” 8. Studies at the University of Missouri have found violent games minimize players’ brain reaction to images of real-life violence. And when players were given the chance to “pun ish” a fake opponent, those who’d received the lowest brain reaction were most violent. But is this connected to real-life aggression? Professor Freedman says. “After watching a war movie, you probably have thoughts of war, but noone would suggest you are more likely to open war.” Scientists say game violence rarely comes over into the real world. “The majority of players did not increase in aggression at all,” says the study leader Grant Devilly. In fact, games may be a way of relaxation. “Researchers have found that most people feel more relieved after a game-playing session”, says Kutner. 1 pros and cons — за и против 4 dressing — повязка 2 target [’tcugit] — цель 5 spine [spam] — позвоночник 3 burn [Ьз:п] — ожог The World Is Mine b) Match the parts of the text with the titles. A Cyber-hooked E Physically Wrong В Painkiller F Brain Challenge C Social Connection G Fatness D Better Vision H Violence *8. Work in groups. Discuss the following quotations: • “Games are natural teachers. What they teach depends on their content. If they have violent content, players will learn.” • “Play some of the games with your children. You’ll learn a lot. You’ll also give your kids a chance to improve their normal relationship with you.” Homework ▲ 1. Ex. 1-4 P ro je c t: Ecological Organizations in the World Lesson 98 1 . Describe the pictures, say how health is connected with the environment. 119 2. Listen to the first part of the story M rs Packletide’s Tiger written by the well- known British writer Saki (Hector Hugh Munro), and answer the questions. 1. Why did Mrs Packletide want to kill a tiger? 2. Why was she angry with Loona Bimberton? 3. How was she going to celebrate her victory? 4. What plan did Mrs Packletide work out? 5. What kind of tiger was her victim? 6. What kind of adventure was it? ^ GRAMMAR ■ Reported Speech (Revision) 3a Read the dialogue, then transform it into Reported Speech and write it down. Fred: Hi Susan! What did you do last Sunday? Susan: Hi Fred! I went to the football match with John. Fred: Really? That’s great! Susan: Not really. I know nothing about football so John doesn’t want to see me any more. Fred: Well, sorry. But to tell you the truth, I don’t know anything about football either. Do you care for hockey? 4a Read the second part of the story Mrs Packletide’s Tiger and say if Mrs Packletide’s hunting turned out to be successful. M r s JPacJcZetide'jS T ig er Part II Louisa Mebbin loved money very much, and it didn’t depend on its nationality or value. Her energetic character had saved a lot from disappearing in tips1 in hotels, restaurants or taxes in any parts of the world. Her thoughts as to the market selling of tiger meat were cut short by the appearance of the animal itself on the scene. As soon as the lion caught sight of the prepared goat, it lay on the earth and prepared for the attack. “I believe it’s ill,” said Louisa Mebbin, loudly in Hindustani, for the benefit of the village man, who was in a neighbouring tree. “Hush!” said Mrs Packletide, and at that moment the tiger went towards the goat. "Now, now! cried Miss Mebbin with some excitement; “if he doesn’t touch the goat we needn’t pay for it.” The rifle2 gave a shot, and the great animal fell down. In a moment a crowd of excited natives had appeared on the scene, and their shouting speedily carried the glad news to the village. Mrs Packletide was very happy too; already that luncheon-party in Curzon Street seemed very near. It was Louisa Mebbin who drew attention to the fact that the goat was dying from a bullet- wound3, while no signs of the rifle could be found on the tiger. Evidently the wrong animal had been hit, and the tiger had died of a heart-attack caused by the sudden sound of the rifle. Mrs Packletide was very annoyed at the discovery; but, in any case, she was the owner of 1 tip [tip] — чаевые 2 rifle [’raifl] — винтовка 3 bullet-wound ['built wu:nd] — пулевое ранение The World Is Mine the dead tiger, and the villagers, looking forward to having their thousand rupees, gladly ac cepted the story that she had shot the animal. And Miss Mebbin was a paid companion. Therefore, Mrs Packletide faced the cameras with a light heart, and newspapers were filled with stories about her. As for Loona Bimberton, she refused to look at an illustrated paper for weeks, and her letter of thanks for the gift of a tiger-claw brooch was a model of repressed emotions. She didn’t go to the luncheon-party; there are limits beyond which repressed emotions become dangerous. From Curzon Street the tiger-skin rug travelled down to the Manor House, and was carefully in spected and admired by the county, and it was great when Mrs Packletide went to the County Costume Ball in the character of Diana. “How amused everyone would be if they knew what really happened,” said Louisa Mebbin a few days after the ball. "What do you mean?" asked Mrs Packletide quickly. “How you shot the goat and frightened the tiger to death," said Miss Mebbin with her pleasant laugh. “No one would believe it,” said Mrs Packletide, her face changing colour very quickly. “Loona Bimberton would,” said Miss Mebbin. Mrs Packletide’s face got a shade of greenish white. "You surely wouldn’t give me away?” she asked. “I’ve seen a week-end cottage near Darking that I should rather like to buy,” said Miss Mebbin. “Six hundred and eighty pounds. Only I don’t happen to have the money.” Louisa Mebbin’s pretty week-end cottage is the admiration of her friends. “It is a wonder how Louisa manages to do it,” is the general verdict. Mrs Packletide doesn’t go in for big-game shoot ing any more. “The unexpected expenses are so heavy,” she says to asking friends. 5. a) Read the sentences and say if they are true, false or no information is given. 1. Louisa Mebbin was a very greedy person. 2. When the tiger saw a goat, he ran towards it. 3. The tiger felt very tired after a long day. 4. The village people were calm because they were afraid of the tiger. 5. Mrs Packletide shot the tiger. 6. Louisa Mebbin found the real victim of Mrs Packletide. 7. Everyone talked about Mrs Packletide's luncheon-party. Mrs Packletide presented Louisa Mebbin a new cottage. *b) Retell the text as if you are: Mrs Packletide; Loona Bimberton; Louisa Mebbin. 6. Project. Present Ecological Organizations in the World to the class. NATIONAL EXAM TRAINING Lesson 99 PARTI Listening 1 . Listen to the five students talking about environmental problems. Match the topics to the speakers. Speaker 1 a. Dangerous to Eat Speaker 2 b. Dangerous to Walk Speaker 3 c. Dangerous to Breathe Speaker 4 d. Waste of Money Speaker 5 e. Think What You Eat 2 . Listen to the story about elephants, read the statements and decide if they are true, false or not stated. 1. The elephant is the largest animal in the world. 2. Elephants can eat, drink, smell and greet each other with their trunks. 3. An elephant grows up to 3 metres tall. 4. Elephants can dive and swim. 5. Elephants are killed because of ivory. 6. The population of elephants has stopped growing. 7. Elephants are extinct animals. P A R T II Reading 1 . Read five descriptions of birds and match them with the titles. a. Bird Legends d. Bird Records b. Talented Talkers e. So Many Different Birds c. The First Birds Text 1: There are a great many birds which can be taught to say a few words. But real “talking" birds can be taught to say sentences. The best talking birds are parrots, crows, ravens and some other species. Many people believe that the ability to talk depends on the structure of a bird’s tongue. Most biologists believe that birds don’t understand the words they say. But we’ll never know that for sure. Text 2: Birds are the most numerous of the Earth’s warm-blooded animals. Scientists have claimed that there may be over 100,000 million birds in the world altogether. Their success comes from their ability to fly, which gives them a better chance in finding food and places ------The World Is /Mine to live. Birds come in all different sizes and colours. African and South American birds have the richest colours in the world. Text 3: People have always believed that birds carry good fortune with them. There are a lot of different fairy-tales and legends about magic birds and their fortunate powers. In ancient Egypt people admired the phoenix. But as far as we know, it exists only in legends. People believed that the phoenix could set itself on fire and then rise from its own ashes. The dove as a symbol of peace came from the Biblical story of Noah, who sent a dove from his Ark to find dry land. The pelican got its reputation for being a good dutiful parent in the Middle Ages. People believed that the pelican pierced its chest and fed its young with its blood. Text 4: All living things change over thousands of years to improve their chances of survival. This process of change is usually called evolution. Birds appeared from reptiles about 150 million years ago. Their feathers developed from the scales which covered their ancestors. Wings appeared from front legs. One of the first birds was Archaeopteryx (“ancient bird”). It was about the size of a sea gull and had the sharp teeth of a lizard. It couldn’t fly very well but it used to climb trees and then fly away. Text 5: The ostrich is the largest bird in the world. It can grow up to 9 feet tall. The smallest bird is the bee hummingbird of Cuba, which is no larger that a bumblebee. The heaviest flying bird ever recorded was a swan that weighed 50 lb (23 kg). The chicken is the world's most common bird. In the wild the red-billed quelea of Africa is the most numerous bird. 2. Read the story and decide if the sentences below are true, false or not stated. . The Oil Tanker and ±he Marine Biologist A supertanker was broken near the coast of Northern Ireland. 230,000 tons of oil ran into the Irish Sea. That was one of the greatest catastrophes on the British Isles, the greatest tanker wreck off the coast of Ireland in eleven years. People did what they could to help the environment to survive. Everyone was cleaning something, picking up rubbish, washing the oil off birds and sea animals, putting something in big bags. One person stood near the sea and did nothing. He just watched the water and the land, dying sea animals. There was a hopeless look in his eyes, sometimes full of anger and sometimes full of tears. The man was a marine biologist. It was his job to help count the damage to sealife in the region and to keep a record of its recovery from 66 million gallons of oil. He knew that the effect would be major and different. He was relieved because no gigantic fish was killed. But oysters and other shellfish would die in thousands. The biologist saw beaches as far away as 65 miles from the oil catastrophe. There was no hope left. The people of Northern Ireland farmed the sea as they did the land. They planted seaweed and used it in medicine, food and fertilizer. The biologist was sure that that year harvest was destroyed. Early scientific information showed that sea birds had already been harmed by the oil. Over 5,000 dead birds were found on the shore and hundreds more were struggling for life in bird hospitals. Sea birds had thick feathers which provided a perfect protection from cold water. Oil destroyed the structure of feathers and the birds froze. Even if the bird had been helped, it didn’t mean that it would live long after the catastrophe. It had a delicate structure and couldn’t survive any operations or harmful influence. The biologist began to worry that cleaning up techniques for beaches as well as for the birds might be doing more damage to the ecosystem that the oil itself. It would be a long time before the shore could return to normal. For the present and for the near future the cost to the people and to plant and animal life has been too big. 1. The oil tanker sank near Northern Ireland. 2. People tried to help the environment survive. 123 3. Only some of them believed that they could really help. 4. The marine biologist did most of the work. 5. Irish people used the sea for farming. 6. The sea environment was destroyed and there was no hope for the better. Lesson 100 PARTI Use of English (Grammar and Vocabulary) 1> Complete the text. Put the words in the correct form. The Parrot and -the Cat A man once ... a parrot and gave it the run of his house. It .. great BUY, REVEAL opportunities for the bird and it flew up to the fireplace and sang a lot. The noise disturbed the cat who ... on the fireplace. Looking up at SLEEP the bird, the cat ..., “Who may you be and how dare you ... a noise SAY, MAKE like that?” The bird answered, "Your master ... just me to his home. My BRING voice is very delightful and he ... it. But ... is nothing, so hold on your ENJOY, YOU tongue”. 2. 2. Complete the text. Put the words in the correct form. The Man and the Lion A man and a lion were friends on a ... journey and they began to LENGTH argue who is more ... . Each claimed superior to the other. They were POWER still arguing when they saw a ... statue of a man ... on a lion. “Look GOLD, STAND at that! Doesn’t that prove that we are stronger". “Not so fast my friend,” said the lion ... “If we lions could make ... statues, you may CALM, WONDER be sure that in most of them you would see the man underneath. P A R T II Writing You have received a letter from your friend who writes: Last week l had a task to write an essay "An ideal environment for happy living". Of course there are a lot of ecological problems in my city. For example, we The World Is /Mine have a lot of exhaust fumes in the air, almost no green trees in the streets. But it's hard for me to think of an ideal environment. What is your idea of "an ideal environment"? Are there a lot of environmental problems in the place where you live? What are they? Which should be solved as soon as possible? Write an answer to the letter (100—120 words). Express your opinion and answer the questions. Remember the rules of letter writing. Lesson 101 Student card *4 Task 1 Give a 1.5—2 minutes talk on the environmental situation in your area. Remember to say: • what are the most important environmental problems in your area; • what should be done to protect the environment in your area; • how you help to protect the environment. Task 2 You are going to make a school newspaper about ecological problems: • air pollution; • water pollution; • lots of rubbish everywhere. Discuss what can be done to solve these problems. Remember to: • discuss all the questions; • be polite; • take an active part in the conversation Lesson 102 Reserve Lesson 103 Test Lessons 104, 105 Home Reading 125 Grammar Reference Lesson 75 Articles with Proper Names (Артикли с именами собственными) Перед именами собственными, как правило, артикли не употребляются. Но есть имена собственные, перед которыми ставится определённый артикль: реки — the Severn; моря и океаны — the North Sea, the Atlantic Ocean; пустыни — the Sahara; горные системы — the Urals; группы островов — the Canaries; дворцы — the Kensington Palace, (искл. Buckingham Palace); музеи и галереи — the Cairo Museum, the Tretyakov Gallery; театры — the Globe, (искл. Covent Garden, Grand Opera); различные организации — the United Nations, (искл. Parliament, Congress, Whitehall); газеты — The Times, The Daily Telegraph. Имена собственные, употребляемые без артикля: города — New York; страны — Russia (ср. the Russian Federation); озёра — Lake Baikal; горы — Mount Everest; острова — Corsica (cp. the Island of Corsica); улицы — Harley Street, Broadway (искл. the Mall, the Strand); парки и сады — Hyde Park; площади — Piccadilly Circus; церкви и соборы — St Mary's Church, St Basil’s Cathedral; замки — Warwick Castle; аэропорты — Sheremetyevo; университеты и колледжи — Oxford University, (искл. the Sorbonne), Trinity College; журналы — Financial Times, (искл. The Economist). Lesson 76 Verbs That Can Change Meaning (Глаголы, которые меняют значения) Некоторые глаголы меняют своё значение в зависимости от того, в какой форме употреблён следующий за ними глагол. Сравните: Regret to do sth (сожалеть о том, что приходится делать) — regret doing sth (сожалеть 0 чём-либо уже сделанном). I regret to tell you that there is no money left for the ticket. - 1 regret buying this dress. Stop to do sth (остановиться, чтобы совершить другое действие) — stop doing sth (закончить какое-либо действие). She stopped to buy some bread. — Stop talking, please! Try to do sth (пытаться что-либо сделать) — try doing sth (попробовать что-либо сделать). The firemen are trying to put out the fire. — Why don't you try adding some sugar to your sauce? Remember to do sth (не забыть что-либо сделать) — remember doing sth (вспомнить какое-либо событие). Remember to turn off the gas. — / don’t remember staying in this hotel. Forget to do sth (забыть что-либо сделать) — forget doing sth (забыть какое-либо событие). I’m sorry, I forgot to buy milk. — He’ll never forget flying over the Urals. Vocabulary Список условных сокращений а — adjective — имя прилагательное adv — adverb — наречие п — noun — имя существительное v — verb — глагол А а D d achievement [s'tjlvmant] п достижение damage ['dasmicfc] v вредить admiration [.aedma'reifn] п восхищение defeat [di'ftt] n поражение admire [ad'maia] v восхищаться degree [di'gri:] n степень, уровень admit [admit] v признавать, соглашаться deliver [di'lrva] v доставлять, разносить applicant [’aeplikant] n кандидат destruction [di'strAkJ(a)n] n разрушение approval [эрш:у(а)1] n одобрение, disapproval [disa'pnrv(a)l] n неодобрение, утверждение несогласие approve [a'pru:v] v одобрять disapprove [disa'pru:v] v не одобрять, argue [’agju:] v спорить отклонять argument ['aiqjumant] n 1. спор 2. аргумент disobey [‘disa'bei] v ослушаться, не article ['aitikl] n 1. артикль 2. статья подчиняться attendance [a'tendans] n присутствие disposable [dis'pauzabl] а одноразовый available [aVeilabl] а доступный drop [drop] v капать; - out выбывать в b E e earl [з:1] n граф benefit ['benifit] n польза, выгода earn [з:п] v зарабатывать; - a living box office [buks'ufis] n театральная касса зарабатывать на жизнь breath [bre0] n дыхание earthquake ['3:0kweik] n землетрясение breathe [bri:5] v дышать edit ['edit] v редактировать brief [bri:f] а краткий editor [’edits] n редактор broadminded ['bro:d,maindidJ а с широким evaporate (iVaep(s)rert] v испаряться кругозором exhaust [ig'zo:st] n выхлоп broadsheet [bro:dJi:t] n газета большого формата ( обычно солидное, F f респектабельное издание) faith [fei0] n вера С с fee [fu] n плата fertile ['f3:tail] а плодородный carriage fkaerict;] п 1. карета, повозка fertilizer ['f3:tilaiza] n удобрение 2. вагон former [Ъ:тэ] а бывший claim [kleim] и требовать, заявлять frequency ['frkkwansi] n частота confidence ['knnfidans] п уверенность fuel ['fjiral] n топливо confirm [кэпТз:т] и подтверждать full-time [,ful'taim] а занимающий полный consider [kan'sida] v рассматривать, рабочий день обсуждать fume [fju:m] п дым, испарение coverage ['kwaricfc] п обзор curiosity [.kjuan'usati] п любопытство Н h curious [’kjuanas] а любопытый harm |ha:m| v вредить Vocabulary headline ['hedlain] n заголовок property ['propsti] п собственность I i Q q illiterate [I'litarit] а неграмотный qualification [,kwnlifi'keij(3)n] п квалификация, impact ['impaekt] n вклад, влияние профессия improve [im'pruiv] v улучшать quality ['kwobti] п качество improvement [im'pnrvmsnt] n улучшение increasingly [in'kri:sir)li] adv в большей R г степени regular ['regjula] а регулярный, правильный inhabitant [in'haebitant] n житель reliable [n'laiabl] а надёжный injure ['indja] v ранить, ушибить rely [n'lai] v полагаться, доверять injury ['inc&ari] n рана, повреждение renewable [п'гуи:эЫ] а возобновляемый insist [in'sist] настаивать reveal [riVi:l] v открывать, обнаруживать irregular [1'regjub] a - неправильный, revise [n'vaiz] v повторять нерегулярный reward [nSvo:d] n награда irritate ['inteit] v раздражать issue ['iju:] n выпуск, издание S s scholar ['skota] n учёный J j sensible ['senssblj а благоразумный, jealous ['cfcebs] а завистливый, ревнивый здравомыслящий jealousy ['djebsi] n зависть, ревность sewage ['s(j)u:icj5] n сточные воды significant [sig'mfikant] а значительный, L 1 важный litter ['lita] n мусор society [sa'saiati] n общество spare [spea] а запасной, свободный M m. stalls [sto:lz] n партер mascot ['maesknt] n талисман struggle ['strAgl] v бороться matinee ['maetinei] n дневное представление subscribe [sab'skraib] v подписываться (на medieval [,medi'i:val] а средневековый газету) modest ['mndist] а скромный, сдержанный summit ['sAmit] n 1. вершина 2. встреча на высшем уровне N n surface ['s3:fis] п поверхность nickname ['mkneim] n прозвище notable ['nautabl] а примечательный т t tabloid ['taebbid] п таблоид (малоформатная О о газета со сжатым текстом, обычно obey [эЪе1] v слушаться, подчиняться бульварного содержания) occupation [pkjs'peijn] n занятие V V P p vehicle [Vi:ikl] п мотор, двигатель; part-time [.pcut'taim] а занимающий меньше автомобиль стандартного времени vote [vaut] 1. п голос (на выборах) 2. v pit [pit] n места на галерке голосовать pleasure ['р1езэ] п удовольствие pretend [pn'tend] v притворяться W w prolong [ргэ'Ьщ] v продолжать, увеличивать wheel [wi:l] п колесо В учебнике использованы кадры из фильмов «Шерлок Холмс и доктор Ватсон» (режиссер И.Ф. Масленников, 1979); "Persuasion" (director Adrian Shergold, 2007); "Bridget Jones’s Diary"(director Sharon Maguire, 2001). В учебнике использованы материалы с сайтов: www.lenagold.ru;www.vk.com;www.en.wikipedia.org; ru.wikipedia.org; www.foto-history.livejournal.com;www.liveinternet.ru;www.znanijamira.ru;www.lib.rus.ee; www.arthouse.ru;www.akak.ru;www.spletnik.ru;www.hameleons.com;www.allday2.com;www.rylik.ru; www.sxc.hu;www.freedigitalphotos.net;www.freefoto.com;www.freestockphotos.biz »