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Sustainable Development: Envisaging the Future Together Table of Contents About the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) i About the Sustainable Development Conference (SDC) Series v Acknowledgements xi I Setting the Scene 1 Looking Beyond the Horizon 3 Abid Qaiyum Suleri, Executive Director, Sustainable Development Policy Institute, Pakistan Inaugural Remarks 2 SAARC Nations’ Approach to Achieving the Sustainable Development 7 Goals Sartaj Aziz, Deputy Chairman, Ministry of Planning, Development & Reform, Government of Pakistan Keynote Address II Linking Policy with Practice in Pakistan 3 Emerging Methods for Policy Engagement and Public-Private Dialogue in 13 Pakistan Majyd Aziz 4 Sustainable Development Goals: A Provincial Perspective 17 M. Aman Ullah III Raising Voices for Minority Rights in South Asia 5 Examining the ‘Religious’ Roots of Discrimination against Minorities in 23 Pakistan Eaisha Tareen 6 The Missing: Indian and Pakistani Demography 39 Nathalene Reynolds 7 Discrimination in Pakistan’s Legal Profession: Attitudes and Perceptions 71 of Minorities and the Majority Muhammad Jamal Janjua 8 Qualified Equality: Forms of Discrimination in the Legal Framework of 99 Pakistan Shaqaib Arslan Lilla and Zain Mansoor IV Researching Conflict in South Asia: Impacts on Livelihoods and Services 9 Hospitality and Exclusion: Post-war Tourism in Passikudah, Sri Lanka 127 Vagisha Gunasekara, Mira Philips and Vijay K. Nagaraj 10 Saffron: The Social Relations of Production in Afghanistan 153 Giulia Minoia and Adam Pain V Pakistan Dealing with Climate Change 11 Climate Change Resilience through Migration: A Case of Pakistan 175 Kashif Salik, Ayesha Qaisrani, Muhammad Awais Umar and Syed Mohsin Ali 12 Promoting Resilience and Competitiveness in Textile Manufacturing in a 197 Changing Climate: A Policy Perspective Samavia Batool 13 A Self-Help Resilience and Disaster Risk Reduction Model from Village 207 Tibba Malhanas, Pakistan Salman Danish VI Pakistan’s Macro and Micro Economic Picture 14 Macroeconomic Performance: Pakistan’s Post-IMF Outlook 229 Pervez Tahir 15 Regional Economic Blocs: Where Does Pakistan Stand? 235 Majyd Aziz Annexure 1: Conference Agenda 241 Annexure 2: List of SDC Anthologies (1997-2017) 279 About the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) 25 Years Charting the Course of Research Excellence Born on 4 August 1992 in a small office in the capital of Pakistan with a handful of dedicated employees, the Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) is now known as South Asia’s leading non-partisan policy research organisation providing the global development community representation from Pakistan and the region as a whole. Over the past 25 years, it has remained staunchly committed to the mission it set for itself upon inception: To catalyse the transition towards sustainable development, defined as the enhancement of peace, social justice and well-being, within and across generations. SDPI remains one of the few organisations in Pakistan that has been consistently ranked internationally by the Global Go To Think Tank Index. In its latest 2016 report, the Institute’s rankings have improved: 103/150 Top Think Tank Worldwide (non-US) 55/150 Best Independent Think Tank 15/95 Top Think Tank in Southeast Asia and the Pacific 25/95 Top Environment Policy Think Tank 42/80 Best Transdisciplinary Research Think Tank 43/105 Think Tank to Watch in 2017 Even in the newest categories of ‘Top Think Tanks by Special Achievement’, the Institute has carved a niche for itself: 99/100 Top Social Policy Think Tank 65/90 Best Advocacy Campaign 61/90 Best Institutional Collaboration Involving Two or More Think Tanks 83/85 Best Use of Social Media and Networks 75/75 Think Tank with the Best External Relations/Public Engagement Programme 60/60 Best Use of Media (Print of Electronic). 1 1 McGann, J.G. 2017, ‘2016 Global Go To Think Tank Index Report’, Think Tanks and Civil Societies Program (TTCSP), Lauder Institute, University of Pennsylvania, USA, 26 January, <http://repository.upenn.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1009&context=think_tanks >. Within Pakistan, the Inter-University Consortium for the Promotion of Social Sciences (IUCPSS) National Award for Contributions to the fields of Social Service, Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities was also given to SDPI for the year 2016.2 Where We Come From The Institute’s genesis lies in the Pakistan National Conservation Strategy (also known as Pakistan’s Agenda 21), which approved by the Federal Cabinet in March 1992, outlined the need for an independent non-profit organisation in the country to serve as a source of expertise for policy analysis, evidence-based research and training services. What We Do We function in an advisory capacity by carrying out robust research, policy advice and advocacy and in an enabling capacity by strengthening other individuals and organisations with resource materials and training. Specifically, our broad-based yet holistic mandate is to: • conduct evidence-based research, advocacy and trainings from a broad multidisciplinary perspective; • promote the implementation of policies, programmes, laws and regulations based on sustainable development; • strengthen civil society and facilitate civil society-government interaction in collaboration with other organisations and activist networks; • disseminate research findings and public education through the media, conferences, seminars, lectures, publications and curricula development; and, • contribute to building national research capacity and infrastructure. How We Do It The diverse array of projects and programmes, from inclusive economic growth to institutional governance, from energy economics to climate change, from food, water and human security to education, from sustainable industrial growth to hazardous waste management, from religious tolerance to peace and gender equity, which SDPI has been involved in over the past 25 years, outline the following core activities: • Providing policy advice to the government; • Facilitating and organising forums for policy dialogue; • Supporting in-house, local, regional and international academics, students and researchers; • Publishing critical research for public and private sector use; • Acting as a conduit for North-South and South-South dialogue; • Creating an environment for information dissemination and training; • Campaigning for regional advocacy and networking. 2 The News International 2016, ‘IUCPSS Announces Awards for 9 Personalities, 3 Organisations’, 29 February, <https://www.thenews.com.pk/print/101654-IUCPSS-announces-awards-for-9- personalities-3-organisations>. ii Why We Do It The Institute’s efforts remain unwavering in its vision to become a Centre of Excellence on sustainable development policy research, capacity development and advocacy in the country and South Asia by producing knowledge that not only enhances the capacity of the state to make informed policy decisions, but also engages civil society and academia on issues of public interest for the betterment of current and future generations. How We Reach Out Since its inception, SDPI has organised innumerable seminars, national and international conferences. The Sustainable Development Conference (SDC) series has become a flagship event of the Institute that not only provides a forum for highlighting SDPI’s own research, but also offers space to other researchers and academics from South Asia in particular and across the globe in general, to share their work and engage in constructive dialogue with fellow intellectuals, movers and shakers from the public and private sector, students and the general public. To date, SDPI has organised nineteen annual Conferences. This collection of working papers, speeches and policy briefs was presented at the Nineteenth SDC held over a three- day period (6-8 December 2016) in Pakistan’s capital Islamabad (see Annexure 1 for the detailed Conference Agenda and Annexure 2 for the list of published anthologies). iii About the Sustainable Development Conference (SDC) Series Introduction The Sustainable Development Policy Institute (SDPI) has organised nineteen Sustainable Development Conferences (SDCs) since its inception. The SDC has become a flagship event of the Institute which is not only a forum for SDPI’s own research, it also invites other researchers and academia from Asia and beyond to share their work and engage in dialogue with fellow panellists and the audience. The SDC Series is also a prime Conference in South Asia with a major focus on regional sustainable development issues. First SDC The First SDC, titled The Green Economics Conference, was organised by SDPI in 1995. This Conference focused on the interaction between economics and the environment, and included research papers on trade, fiscal policy, Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs), green accounting, forestry, energy, industry and the urban environment. Second SDC The Second SDC, in 1996, addressed the broad theme of sustainable development including pollution abatement, resource management, conservation of biodiversity, the transfer and use of technology, trade and environment, human development and poverty alleviation, and social capital and governance. The Conference was successful in highlighting key issues facing Pakistan and bringing out the latest thinking and analysis to identify solutions. Third SDC The theme of the Third Conference was A Dialogue on Environment and Natural Resource Conservation. The Conference, held in 1998, focused on stimulating dialogue