Modelling Magmatic Trends in Time and Space: Eruptive and Magmatic History of Tongariro Volcanic Complex, New Zealand

MODELLING MAGMATIC TRENDS IN TIME AND SPACE: ERUPTIVE AND MAGMATIC HISTORY OF TONGARIRO VOLCANIC COMPLEX, NEW ZEALAND

Volume II Appendices and Map

A thesis

submitted in fulfilment

of the requirements for the Degree

Doctor of Philosophy in Geology

in the

University of Canterbury

B. J. Hobden »'

University of Canterbury

March 1997 S E 97 APPENDICES

Appendix 1 Sample locations, descriptions and analytical treatment 1

Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcano-stratigraphic units 15 A2.1 Ngauruhoe [0-2.5 ka] 16 A2.2 South Crater [c.1.8-2 ka] 17 A2.3 Red Crater [O-c.3 ka] 17 A2.4 Tama Lakes [10 ka] 17 A2.5 Te Mari Craters [0-14+ ka] 17 A2.6 Young SW Oturere [c.1O-14 ka] 18 A2.7 Young Pukekaikiore [c.l5 ka] 18 A2.8 North Crater [l0-c.15 ka] 18 A2.9 Blue Lake [1O-c.20 ka] 19 A2.1O Pukeonake [c.23 ka] 19 A2.11 Young NE Oturere [c.20+ ka] 19 A2.12 Tongariro Trig [65-11Oka] 19 A2.13 SW Oturere [70-115 ka] 20 A2.14 Pukekaikiore [120-190ka] 22 A2.15 Tama 2 [200-210 ka] 22 A2.16 NE Oturere [90-250 ka] 23 A2.17 Tama 1 [215-275 ka] 25

Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 26

Appendix 4 Petrographic summaries for general samples 40

Appendix 5 Modal percent phenocryst proportions for point-counted representative samples 52

Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions of selected xenoliths 56

Appendix 7 Geochemical analyses of selected xenoliths 64

Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 66 A8.1 K-Ar age determinations 66 A8.2 Electron microprobe analysis 67 A8.2.1 Sample preparation 67 A8.2.2 Operating conditions 67 A8.2.3 Data quality 68 AS.3 X-ray fluorescence analysis 69 AS.3.1 Sample preparation 69 AS.3.2 Operating conditions 70 AS.3.3 Data quality 70 AS.3.4 Royal Holloway & Bedford New College XRF analyses 73 AS.4 Instrumental neutron activation analysis 76 A8.4.1 Sample preparation 76 A8.4.2 Operating conditions 76 A8.4.3 Data quality 76 A8.5 Interlaboratory comparison and correction factors: trace element analyses using XRF Au+Mo tubes, XRF W+Rh tubes, and INAA 77 A8.6 Thermal ionization mass spectrometry 82 A8.6.1 Sample preparation 82 A8.6.2 Operating conditions 84 A8.6.3 Data quality 84 A8.7 Laser-fluorination oxygen isotope analysis 86 A8.7.1 Sample preparation 86 A8.7.2 Operating conditions 86 A8.7.3 Data quality 87 A8.8 Accelerator mass spectrometry 87 A8.8.1 Sample preparation 87 A8.8.2 Operating conditions 88

Appendix 9 Mineral chemical analyses for selected samples 89 A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas 92 A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas 99 A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas 115 A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas 127 A9.5 Microprobe analyses of amphibole in Tongariro lavas 141 A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas 143 A9.7 Microprobe analyses of ilmenite in Tongariro lavas 149 A9.8 Microprobe analyses of chrome spinel in Tongariro lavas 152

Appendix 10 Whole-rock major and trace element chemical analyses 153

Appendix 11 CIPW normative compositions 172

Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 182

Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses for selected samples 189

Appendix 14 Partition coefficient values and crustal assimilant compositions 199

Appendix 15 Petrography, mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry for two Ruapehu samples 202

Volcano-stratigraphic map of Tongariro Volcanic Complex (1 :25 000) back pocket Sample Locations, Descriptions, and Analytical Treatment 1

APPENDIX 1 SAMPLE LOCATIONS, DESCRIPTIONS AND ANALYTICAL TREATMENT

General reference information for 459 Tongariro samples is presented in the following tables. Several entries are for field localities from which a sample was not collected, but which were nonetheless assigned a field number. All samples were collected by the author except for samples TG403-413, Tn89, Tn141a, and Tn144d-e collected by Dr I.A. Nairn (GNS Wairakei); samples TG500-513 and TG520-529 collected by Dr B.F. Houghton (GNS Wairakei); and samples P9997, P39851, P39864, and P40674 (GNS Collection). Most description categories are self-explanatory, but specific abbreviations used are defined below:

Lab number Canterbury University geochemical lab number. NS = no sample.

Volc-strat unit Volcanic-stratigraphic map unit (see map pocket). Cr = crater Pkai = Pukekaikiore Ot = Oturere Tong = Tongariro

Rock type Lavas classified according to T AS diagram. BA = basaltic andesite VX = volcanic xenolith A = andesite FX = feldspathic xenolith D = dacite QX = quartzite xenolith

Grid reference NZMS 260 topographic map 1:50 000 Appendix 1 Sample locations, descriptions and analytical treatment 2

Locality expl = explosion Nga = Ngauruhoe Puk =Pukekaikiore SC = South Crater SH47 = State Highway 47

Geology description "Nga prehist aa flow IV" etc refers to numbering of Ngauruhoe prehistoric flows by Battey (1949). altd = altered bdd =banded hydroth = hydrothermally jtd =jointed prehist =prehistoric pyrocl aval = pyroclastic avalanche

Field occurrence ang = angular

Analytical treatment An lOX" indicates which analysis procedures the sample has undergone (thin sectioning, XRF whole-rock analysis, microprobe mineral analysis, INAA for REB, isotope analysis by mass spectrometry, K-Ar dating).

Comments TG406-TG413 include comments "unit B", etc which refer to lava flow or scoria units named by I.A. Nairn (GNS Wairakei). altd; altn = altered; alternation bdd = banded GC = glomerocrysts HT = high temperature oxidn = oxidation sl = slight(ly) Wd = weathered xens = xenoliths Field Lab Volc-strot Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K·Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TGOOI 23108 Ngauruhoe BA TI 91371 (5)25? Mangalepopo Valley Nga 1870 aa flow flow front x x x x point-counted TGOO2 23109 Ngauruhoe BA T191371 259(5) Mangalepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow Xl Wflowmargin x x TGOO3 23110 Ngauruhoe BA TI91369(5)258 Mangalepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow VIll Eflow margin x x TGOO4 23111 Ngauruhoe BA T19/369 256 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1870 aa flow flow front x x TGOO5 23112 Ngauruhoe BA T19/368(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyroel aval Emargin x x TGOO6 Ngauruhoe TI9/368(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyrocl aval Emargin TGOO? 23113 Ngauruhoe BA TI9/368(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyrocl aval E margin x x TGOO8 23114 Ngauruhoe A T191368(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyroc1 aval Emargin x x TGOO9 23115 Ngauruhoe BA TI91368(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyrocl aval E margin x x TGOIO 23116 Ngauruhoe A T191368 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 pyroc1 aval Emargin x x x x point-counted TGOII 23117 Ngauruhoe BA T 19/366(5}255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow E flow margin x x TG0I2 23118 Ngauruhoe BA TJ91367 256(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow VII W flow margin x x TG013 23119 Ngauruhoe BA T 19/363 258(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow VI Eflowmargin x x TGOl4 23120 Ngauruhoe BA T19/350(5}257(5} Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow IV Eflowmargin x x TGOl5 23121 Ngauruhoe BA T191355(5}259 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow IV flow front x x TGOl6 23122 Ngauruhoe BA T191358 258 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow I flow front x x TGOI? 23123 Ngauruhoe BA T191359 257 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow VI W flow margin x x TGOl8 23124 Ngauruhoe BA T19/360 252 Mangalepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow V S flow margin x x TGOl9 23125 Ngauruhoe BA T19/361 253 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1949 pyrocl aval Wflowmargin x x TG020 23126 Ngauruhoe BA T19/360 251 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow III flow front x x x x x point-counted TG021 23127 Ngauruhoe BA T19/361(5)253 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 ballistic on 1949 flow x x TG021A Xenolith QX T191361(5)253 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 ballistic x TG022 23128 Ngauruhoe BA T19/357(5)252 Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist flow IffiII flow front x x TG023 23129 Ngaucuhoe BA TJ91358 252 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 30.6.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG024 23130 Ngauruhoe BA T191357 251(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga 30.6.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG025 23131 Ngaucuhoe BA T191356(5)250(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga 30.6.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG026 23132 Ngaucuhoe A T191352 252(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow II flow front x x TG02? 23133 Te Mari Cr A T19/424 335 Okahukura Bush L. Te Marl Crater flow flow front x x TG028 23134 Tama I A T19/359 205 Tama Lakes saddle sheet lava flow in situ blocks x x x point-counted TG029 Tama Lakes T19/359 205 Tama Lakes saddle ballistic block scattered on ridge x TG030 TamaLakes Tl9/359 202 Tama Lakes saddle cauliflower bomb scattered on ridge TG031 TamaLakes Tl9/359 202 Tama Lakes saddle cauliflower bomb scattered on ridge TG032 Tama Lakes TI9/359 202 Tama Lakes saddle ballistic bomblblock scattered on ridge TG033 23135 Tama Lakes A TJ91359 202 Tama Lakes saddle balUstic bomblblock scattered on ridge x x lithics TG034 23136 Tama Lakes A T19/359 202 Tama Lakes saddle ballistic bomblblock scattered on ridge x x lithics TG035 23137 Ruapehu D T201352 198 Lower Tama Lake sheet lava flow cAm bluffs x x x x x x TnI9,142; point-counted TG036 23138 Ruapehu A T191348 201 Lower Tama Lake sheet lava flow bluffs x x TG037 23139 Ngauruhoe BA T191364(5)249 Mangatepopo Valley Nga ?1954 aa lava flow W flow margin x x TG038 23140 Ngaucuhoe BA T191365(5)249 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 4.6.54 aa lava flow Wflowmargin x x Field Lab Vole-strut Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INA A Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TG039 23141 Ngauruhoe BA TI91369 249 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 14.7.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG040 23142 Ngauruhoe BA T 191366(5)246 Mangatepopo Valley sheet lava flow small bluff x x TG041 23143 Ngauruhoe BA T19/366 245 Mangalepopo Valley Nga 14.754 aa lava flow E flow margin x x TG042 23144 Ngauruhoe BA T191365 241(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga 29.7.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG043 23145 Ngauruhoe BA T! 9/366 240(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga 16.9.54 aa lava flow flow front x x TG044 23146 Ngauruhoe BA TI9/360(5)240(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga 18.8.54 aa lava flow N flow front x x TG045 23147 Ngauruhoe BA T191361 242 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 14.7.54 aa lava flow N flow front x x x TG046 Tarna I Tl91347 201 Tarna Lakes hornblende andesite float on scree x TG047 23738 NEOturere A T! 9/424 240(5) NE Oturere Valley sheet lava flow waterfall bluff x x x x x point-counted TG048 23739 NEOturere A T19/422 246 NE Oturere Valley sheet lava flow triangular bluff x x x TG049 23740 SWOturere D T19/413 236 SW Oturere Valley ?in situ lava blocks 1ge ang. boulders x x TG050 23741 SWOturere A T19/414 236 SW Oturere Valley platey-jointed lava 4m pla!ey jtd lava x x TG051 23742 SW Oturere A TI91414 236 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.20m bluffs x x x x x TG052 23743 SWOturere A TI91415 237 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.15-20m bluffs x x XRF replicates TG053 23744 Red Crater A Tl91420 232 SW Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow c.I-5m lava blocks x x TG054 23745 SW Oturere A TI9/420 229 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava flow stream bed outcrop x x TG055 23746 SW Oturere D T!91416 229 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava !low stream bed outcrop x x x point-counted TG056 23747 SW Oturere A Tl91415 230 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava flow 8m waterfa!1 bluff " x TG057 23748 SWOturere A Tl91414 230 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava flow 3m waterfall bluff x x TG058 NS SW Oturere Tl91417 232 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava flow rounded bluffs TG059 NS SWOtmere Tl91418 233 S of Oturere Valley sheet lava flow rounded bluffs TG060 23749 Tarna2 A TI 91405(5)2 I 5 NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava steep bluffs x x TG061 23750 Tarna2 A T191407 221 N ofWaihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.20m bluffs x x xenoliths TG062 24134 Tarna2 A T191414 220 N ofWaihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava bluffs x x oxidation TG063 NS SW Oturere T191413 238 SW Oturere Valley TG052 flow-bdd lava bluffs TG064 NS SW Oturere Tl91412 239 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava rounded bluffs TG065 23751 SW Oturere A TI91411 237(5) SW Oturere Valley sheet lava flow c.3m lava bluff x x TG066 SWOturere T191411 237 SW Oturere Valley sheet lava flow near ridge crest x TG067 23752 SW Oturere A T191239(5)408 SW Oturere ValIey blocky-platey jtd lava 4-6mbluffs x x TG068 NS SWOturere T191408 241 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava rounded bluffs TG069 24135 SW Oturere D T191408 242 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava 5-6mbluffs x x xenolith-rich TG070 23753 SW Oturere D T191407 243 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.8m bluffs x x TG071 23754 SW Oturere A T191404 244 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava small bluff x x TGOn 23755 SW Oturere A T191403(5)244 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava small bluff x J( x TG073 24136 SWOturere A T191403 245 S W Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava thick lava bluffs x x xenoliths TG074 24137 SW Oturere A T191403 245 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava bluffs x x x x x point-counted; = TG077 TG075 24138 SW Oturere A Tl91403 245(5) SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava bluffs x x TG076 23756 SW Oturere A TI91399 247 SW Oturere Valley bloeky-c1oumnar-platey 12-15m bluffs x x TG077 23757 SW Oturere A T!91400 247(5) SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3m bluffs x x x =TG074 Field Lab Vole-strat Rock G rid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Commeuts number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date T0078 23758 SW Oturere A Tl9/401 248 SW Olurere Valley blocky-jointed lava 4-5m bluffs x x TG079 23759 SW Oturere A T19/402 248 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava 3m bluffs x x T0080 23760 SW Oturere A T19/401 247(5) SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.5m bluffs x x x x x x TOOSI 23761 SW Oturere A T19/401 247(5) SW Omrere Valley blocky-jointed lava cAm bluffs x x blocky-platey jtd lava T0082 23762 NE Oturere A TI9/424(5)247 NE Omrere Valley c.9m bluffs x " T0083 23763 SW Oturere A TI9/415(5)223 S ofOturere Valley blocky-jointed lava low relief bluffs x x T0084 23764 SW Oturere A TI9/417 225(5) S of Oturere Valley platey-jointed lava thin sheet lavas x x x x x point-counted TOOg5 23765 SW Oturere A TI9/421 227 S ofOturere Valley platey-jointed lava c.l5m+ bluffs x x T0086 23766 SW Oturere A TI9/422(5)227 S of OlUrere Valley platey-jointed lava c.!Om thick x x x x x TOOS7 23767 Red Crater A T19/422(5)228 SW Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow c.4m thick x x T008S 23768 Red Crater A T19/422(5)228 SW Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow blocky outcrop x x T0089 23769 Red Crater A T19/422(5)228 SW Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow c.Sm thick lava x x T0090 23770 Red Crater A TI9/422(5)229(5) SW OlUrere Valley Red Crater block flow blocky top of flow x x TG091 23771 NE Oturere A T19/434 249 N of Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava bluff x x T0092 23772 NE Oturere A T19/436 249(5) N of Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava 10m waterfall bluff x x TG093 23773 NE Oturere A TI9f432 251 N of Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava 20m waterfall bluff x x T0094 23774 NE Oturere A TI9/430 252 N of Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava 25m waterfall bluff x x T0095 NEOturere TI9/433 249 N of Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava v.small outcrop T0096 23775 NE Oturere A TI9/420 247 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava 4m bluff x " 23776 NE Oturere T19/4 I 9(5)248 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3m bluffs T0097 A x " T0098 23777 NE Oturere A T19/420 249 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava 3Dm+ bluffs x x x x x x T0099 23778 NE Oturere A TI9/419 250 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.5m bluff x x NE Oturere Valley blocky-jolnted lava TOtoo 23779 NE Oturere A TI9/419 250 c.!Ombluff " x x TOIOI 23780 NE Oturere A TI9/419 250(5) NE Oturere Valley sheet lava flow smooth bencb x x TGl02 NS NE Oturere TI9/415 254 NE Oturere Valley sheet Java flow small altered flow TO 103 23781 NE Oturere A T19/416 255 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava small lava flow x x x x x point-counted TO I 04 23782 NE Oturere A TI9/416 255 NE Oturere Vaney blocky-jointed lava small lava flow x x TO 105 23783 NE Oturere A TI9/416(5)255 NE Oturere Valley aa lava flow lower flow of TG 106 x x TOI06 23784 NEOturere A TI9/416(5)255 NE Oturere Valley aa lava flow thick aa flow x x TGl07 24139 NEOturere A Tl9/416 257 NE Oturere Va ney blocky-jointed lava flat-topped bluff x x TO 108 23785 NEOturere A Tl9/415 257 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.5m thick flow x x x TGl09 23786 NEOturere A TI9/415 259 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava red breccia & sheet x x x TGIIO NS NE Olurere Tl9/414(5)259 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava TG 108 continuation? TO III 23787 NE Otueere A Tl9/413 256(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava thin bluff x x x TO 112 23788 Red Crater BA T19/409 260 NE Oturere Valley Red Crater aa flow flow front x x x x x point-counted TO t I3 23789 Red Crater A T19/405 260(5) NE Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow flow?front x x TGlI 4 23790 NE Oturere A T19/412 261(S) NEOturere Valley blocky-columnar jointed 20m+ bluffs x x x TG1I5 23791 NE Oturere BA Tl9/412 262 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.20m bluffs x x x x x point-counted TGll6 23792 NE OtUfere A Tl9/412 262 NE OlUrere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.Sm thick flow x x Field I,ab Vole-strat Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TGlI7 23793 NE Oturere A TI9/413 262(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava 15m bluffs x x point-counted TGIIS 23794 NE Oturere A TI9/413 262(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x TGII9 23795 NE Oturere A TI9/413 262(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3m thick flow x x TGl20 23796 NE Oturere A TI9/413(5)263 NE Oturere Valley lava bomb scoria cone deposit x x TGI21 23797 NE Oturere A TI 9/41 3(5)263 NE Oturere Valley lava block scoria cone deposit x x TG\22 23798 NE Omrere A TI91413(5)263(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3-4m thick flow x x x x TGl23 23799 NE Omrere A T 19/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.IOm thick flow x x x altered TG\24 NE Oturere T 19/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley lava bombs scattered on TG 123 TGl2S NE Olurere TI9/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley sheet lava flow thin flow TGI26 23800 Red Crater BA TI9/395(5}271 Central Crater Red Crater aa flow centre of flow x x x x TGI27 23801 Red Crater BA TI91389 263 South Crater Red Crater aa flow c.lm thick flow x x TGI2S 23802 Red Crater BA Tl91390(5)263 Red Crater Red Crater lava bomb W crater rim x x TGl29 23803 Red Crater BA TI9/390(5)263 Red Crater Red Craler lava bomb W crater rim x x TGl30 23804 Red Crater BA Tl9/389(5)260 Red Crater cone Red Crater an flow c.2m thick flow x x TGl31 23805 Red Crater BA TI91389(5)259 Red Craler cone Red Crater aa flow c.3m thick flow x x TG132 23806 Red Crater A TI9/390(5)259 Upper Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow W flow margin x x TGI33 23807 Red Crater A TI91396 258(5) Upper Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow c. I Om flow front x x TGl34 23808 Red Crater A TI9/395 256 Upper Omrere Valley Red Crater block flow W flow margin x x x x TGI3S 23809 Red Crater A TI9/401 252 Upper Oturere Valley Red Crater block flow flow front x x x x x point-counted TG136 23810 Tarnal A T20/355 197 Lower Tama Lake hornblende andesite float on scree x x x x x point-counted TGl37 23811 TamaLakes BA T20/354 196 LowerTama Lake lava bomb lapilli fall bed x x smalllithics TGI3S 23812 Tong Trig A Tl91351 261 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jtd lava 20-30m bluffs x x x TGl39 23813 Tong Trig A TI91353 262 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jld lava c.8m thick bluff x x TGI40 23814 Tong Trig A Tl91360 262 Mangatepopo Valley platey-jointed lava c.3m thick flow x x x TGl41 23815 Tong Trig A Tl91363 263 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jld lava c.6-7m thick bluff x x TGI42 23816 Tong Trig A Tl91364 262(5) Mangatepopo Valley blocky-jointed lava bluff x x TGI43 23817 Tong Trig A T191366 263 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-jointed lava c.l 0-15m bluffs x x TG144 23818 Tong Trig A TI9/370 263 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.25m bluff x x x altered TGl45 24140 Tong Trig A Tl9/370 262 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-jointed lava c.lOm bluff x x altered TGl46 23819 Tong Trig A Tl91370(5)256 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2-3m thick flow x x x TGl47 23820 Tong Trig A Tl9/370 256 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-plaley jtd lava dOm bluff x x x point-counted TGl48 23821 Tong Trig A TI9/370 256 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.8m thick flow x x altered TGl49 23822 Tong Trig A T19/370 256 Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.5m thick flow x x altered TGISO 23823 Pukekaikiore A Tl91347 247 Pukekaikiore columnar-jointed lava top of 'P-2' flow x x TG\Sl 23824 Pukekaikiore A TI91353(5)245 Pukekaikiore blocky-platey jtd lava summit blocks x x x altered TGI52 23825 Young Pkai A TI91350(5)244 Pukekaikiore Puk. ollv andesite flow summit lava flow x x x point-counted TG\53 23826 Young Pkai A TI91352 245(5) Pukekaikiore Puk. oliv andesite block scoria deposit x "x TGI54 23827 Pukekaikiore A TI9/353 241 Pukekaikiore blocky-jointed lava cAm bluff x x TGl55 23828 Pukekaikiore A Tl91354 240(5) Pukekaikiore blocky-platey jtd lava <20m bluffs x x x Field Lab Volc-strat Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TG156 23829 Ngauruhoe BA T19/356 240(5) Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow N flow margin J< ){ x x x Tat 57 23830 Ngauruhoe BA TI91355 239 Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow Nflowmargin x x TGl58 23831 Ngauruhoe BA T19/361 239 Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow Nflowmargin x " TGl59 23832 Pukekaikiore A T19/360(5)242{5) Pukekaikiore sUbcolumnar-slahby jtd E Puk. bluffs x x TG160 NS SWOturere T19/393 250 SW Oturere Valley sheet lava flow c.1 m thick flow TGI61 24141 Ngauruhoe A T19/386(5)244 Upper E Waibohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow c.1-2m thick flow x x x x x xenoliths TGl62 24142 Ngauruhoe BA T19/389 245 Upper E Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow c2m thick flow x x xens; slightly oxidised TG163 24143 Ngauruhoe BA TI91389 245 Upper E Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow c.24m thick flow x x x x Ige pyx GC; point-counted TGI64 24144 Ngauruhoe BA T191389(5)248 Upper E Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow cAm thick flow x x xens; pyx glomerocrysts TG165 24145 Young SWOt BA T191392 248 SW Oturere Valley oxidised lava bomb cl5m scoria cone x x TG166 24146 Young SW at BA T191392 248 SW Oturere Valley oxidised lava bomb cl5m scoria cone x TG167 24147 SWOturere D T19/392 249 SW Oturere Valley blocky-subeolumnar jtd c.l5-20m thick flow x x flow bdd oxidn; altd surf TGl68 24148 SWOturere A T19/401 249(5) SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.8-10m thick flow x x altered TGI69 24149 SWOturere A T191399 249 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.l5m thick flow x x x altered TGI69A SWOturere T191399 249 SW Oturere Valley hydroth. altd lava 169 lava & breccia TGI70A SWOturere Tl9/399(5)250 SW Oturere Valley hydroth. altd breecia grey-green breccia TGJ70B SWOturere T 191399(5)250 SW Oturere Valley hydroth. altd lava white altd lava TGl70C SWOturere TI9/399(5)250 SW Oturere Valley hydroth. altd lava yellow altd lava TGI71 24150 SW Oturere A T19/399 250 SW Oturere Valley columnar-jointed'ldike c.IO-20m thick x x x altered TGI72 NS SW Oturere T19/399 249 SWOturere Valley breccia breccia spine TGI73 24151 SW Oturere A T19/399 248 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava S-6m thick flow x x TG174 24152 SW Oturere A TI9/399 248 SW Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava cAm thick flow x x altered (W d?) throughout TGl74A SWOturere TI91399 248 SW Oturere Valley hydroth. altd lava white altd lava TG175 24153 SW Oturere A TI9/398(5)248 SW Oturere Valley blocky-jtd lava very slightly altered TG241 24193 Ngauruhoe A T19/384 247 Upper E Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow c.2-3m thick flow x x xenoliths

TG242 24194 NE Oturere A T19/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley lava bombs scoria cone deposit x x x J( x sl altd; point-counted TG243 NE Oturere T19/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley lava bomb scoria COne deposit x altered TG244 24195 NE Oturere A Tl9/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley lava bomb scoria cone deposit x x fresh interior TG245 NEOturere Tl9/414 263(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-subcolumnar jtd c.4-5m thick flow x altered TG246 NEOturere TI9/414 264 NE Olurere Valley dense juvenile block scoria cone deposit x TG247 NEOturere T 19/4 13(5)264 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2-3m thick flow x x altered TG248 NEOturere T\9/413 264 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2-3m thick flow x TG249 NE Oturere T191413 265 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.12-15m thick flow x x altered TG250 24719 NE Oturere A T\9/413 265 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.20m thick flow x x altered TG251 24196 NE Oturere BA T19/413 265 NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x X HT oxidation bands TG252 NEOturere TI9/413 265 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.1 Om thick flow x altered TG253 24197 NE Oturere A Tl9/413 265(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c_O.5m thick flow x x TG254 NE Oturere Tl9/413 265(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.S-lOm thick flow x altered TG255 24198 NE Oturere A TI9/412(5)266(5) NE Oturere Valley lava bomb non-welded scoria x x xens; altd ollpyx + gmass TG256 24199 NE Oturere A T19/412 267(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed Java c.2m thick flow x x HT pink oxidation TG257 NE Oturere TI9/412 267(5) NE Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.6m thick flow x altered TG258 NE Oturere Tl9/412 268 Nil Oturere Valley blocky-jointed lava c.10-15m thick flow x x altered TG259 NE Oturere T19/412 270 NE Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c_2-3m thick flow x altered TG260 NE Oturere Tl9/412 270 Nil Oturere Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.3-4m thick flow x altered TG261 24720 NE Oturere A TI9/412(S)270 NE Oturere Valley platey-blocky jtd lava c.IS-20m thick flow x x altered TG262 24200 YoungNEOt A TI9/410 269 NE Oturere Valley lava bomb scoria cone deposit x x x x xenoliths; point-counted TG263 24201 YoungNEOt A T19/410 269 NE Oturere Valley dense blocklhomb scoria cone deposit x x TG264 Pukeonake TI9/312 327 SH47 Taurewa Pukeonake lava flow c.2m thick TG265 23836 Pukekaikiore A T19/347(5)25 I Pukekaikiore COlumnar-jointed lava base of 'P-I' x x x x point-counted TG266 23837 Ngauruhoe BA T19/348(5)252(5) Mangatepopo Valley Nga prehist aa flow I top of flow x TG267A Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyroe! aval x TG267B 26043 Xenolith QX T\9/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x Field Lab Volc-strat Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TG268 Xenolilh QX Tl91364 255 Mangarepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval TG269 26044 Xenolith QX TJ 9/364(5)255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyroc! aval x x x TG270 Xenolith QX Tl9/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval TG27 I Xenolith QX T19/364 256 Mangalepopo VaHey Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl ava! x TG272 Xenolith VX T19/364 256 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval TG273A Xenolilh QX Tl91364(5)256 Mangalepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG273B 26046 Xenolith QX Tl9/364(5)256 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x x TG274 23838 SW Otmere A TI9/386 257 South Craler blocky-jointed lava cA-8m thick flow x x TG275 23839 SWOturere A Tl9/384 255 South Crater blocky-joinled lava c.7-8m thick flow x x TG276 23840 Soulh Crater A Tl9/384 254 South Craler scoria small outcrop x x TG277 23841 Ngauruhoe BA TI91382 255 South Craler Nga prehisl aa flow flow front x x TG278 23842 Ngauruhoe BA Tl9/378 256 South Crater Nga prehist aa flow flow front x x TG279 23843 Pukeonake BA TI 913 I 7(5)256 Pukeonake Pukeonake lava bomb scoria cone deposit x x x xenoliths TG280 23844 Pukeonake BA SI9mO 257 SH47 Mahuia Rapids PUkeonake lava flow 8-lOm rapids bluff x x x x x point-counted TG281 23845 Te Marl Cr A Tl9/410(5)296(5) Te Marl Craters c.15OOAD upp crater flow S wall lower craler x x TG282 23846 Te Marl Cr A T19J406 296(5) Te Marl Craters c.15OOAD upp crater flow NW of upper crater x x poinl-counted TG282A Xenolith FX TI9/406 296(5) Te M ari Craters xenolith in c.15OOAD flow NW of upper crater x TG283 25387 Ngauruhoe A TI 9!38 I (5)22 I Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehisl aa flow 9m lhick flow front x x x TG284 25388 Ngauruhoe A Tl91376(5)222(5) Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow 3-4m W flow margin x x TG285 25389 Ngauruhoe A TI91377(5)224 Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehisl aa flow 9m thick flow front x x TG286 25390 Ngauruhoe A Tl91379 223 Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow 4m thick flow front x TG287 25391 Tama2 A Tl91371 222 Upper W Waihohonu Valley colunmar-jointed lava c.IOm thick flow x x xenoliths; sl altered TG288 25392 Ngauruhoe A Tl9/372 223 Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow 5m thick flow front x x x x x point-counted TG289 25393 Ngauruhoe A T19/373 222(5) Upper W Waihohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow flow front, W lobe x x x x x TG290 25394 Tama2 A TI91373 218 Upper W Waihohonu Valley colunmar-jointed lava c.5-6m thick flow x x yellow Fe alteration bands TG291 25395 Tama2 A Tl 9139 I 213 SW Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.lOm thick flow x x altered TG292 25396 Tama2 A TI 9139 I 213(5) SW Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x x xenoliths; point-counted TG293A 25397 Tama2 A TI9/391 214 SW Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x dark bands TG293B 25422 Tama2 A Tl9/391 214 SW Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x lighl bands TG293C 25558 Tama2 A TI9/391 214 SW Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x mixed dark & lighl bands TG294 25398 Tama2 A Tl91384 213 E Tama 2 ridge blocky-jointed lava c.6m thick flow x x x TG295 25399 Tama2 A T 19/383(5)210 E Tama 2 ridge blocky-jointed lava c.8m thick flow x x TG296 25400 Tama2 A Tl91387 208 E Tama 2 ridge blocky-platey jtd lava c.2-4m thick flow x x TG297 25401 Tama2 A T191391 206 E Tama 2 ridge blocky-columnar jointed c.10-15m thick flow x x altered TG298 25402 SW Oturere A TI91397 208(5) SW Waihohonu Valley hlocky-columnar joinled c.8m thick flow x x x slightly altered TG299 25403 Tama2 BA TI91399(5)222(5) NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x TG300 25404 Tama2 BA T191399 222(5) NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-plaley jointed cAm thick flow x x x x xenoliths; point-counted ...... TG301 25405 Tama2 BA TJ91398(5)223 NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x slightly altered o TG302 25406 Tama2 A TI9/39B 227 NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-platey jtd lava cIO-I5m thick flow x x xenoliths Field Lab Vole-strat Rock Grid reference I.orality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analYsis date TG303 25407 Tama 2 A TI9/398 228(5) NE Waihohonu Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.5-6m thick flow x x slightly altered TG304 25408 Tama2 A T191397 228 NE Waihohonu Valley columnar-platey jointed c.7m thick flow x x yellow-orange alteration TG305 25409 Ngauruhoe BA T191398 221 NE Walhohonu Valley Nga prehist aa flow E flow margin x x T0306 25410 North Cr A T191400 295 E of Ketatahi Hut blocky-columnar jointed c, 15-20m thick flow x x xenoliths; oxidised T0307 25411 NorthCr A TI91396 296 E of Ketatahi Hut 30cm lava bomb c.6m thick breccia x x xenoliths TG308 25412 North Cr BA Tl91396 296 E of Ketatahi Hut massi ve block c.6m thick breccia x x xenoliths T0309 25413 North Cr A T191396 296 E of Ketatahi Hut massi ve block c.6m thick breccia x x xenoliths; altered TG310 25414 North Cr A TI91395 294 SE of Ketatahi Hut 20cm lava bomb non-welded scoria x x x xenoliths TG311 25415 North Cr A TI9/393(5)298(5) W of Kefatahi Hut blocky-jointed lava c.15-20m thick flow x x xenoliths; oxidised T0312 25416 Blue Lake A TI9/409 290(5) Upper Te Mari Crater welded agglutinate c.2m thick x x TG313 25411 Blue Lake A TI9/410 292 Upper Te Mari Crater ?lava flow c.2-3m thick x x oxidised T0314 25418 Blue Lake A TI9/404 293 W of Upper Te Marl Crater blocky-jointed lava c.3-4m thick x x xenoliths T0315 25419 Tong Trig A TI9/379 212 Tongariro tri g welded agglutinate c.2-3m thick x x x xenolitbs; altered TG316 25420 North Cr A Tl9/379(5)272 Tongariro trig scoria deposit <2m thick x x T0311 25421 North Cr A TI9/383 272(5) Tongariro trig lava bomb 2-4m scoria depOsit x x x T0318 Tong Trig T19/385 271 Sth-Central Crater ridge heterolithologic breccia <2m thick altered T0319 25423 North Cr A Tl91396 284 E slopes North Crater lava bomb I-2m scoria deposit x x TG320 25424 North Cr A T19/396 286 E slopes North Crater lava bomb I-2m scoria deposit x x T0321 25425 Tong Trig A Tl9/383 271 N South Crater dense lava block breccia x x altered TG322 25426 Tong Trig A T 19/385(5)212 Sth-Central Crater ridge blocky-platey jtd lava c.6m thick flow x x compositional banding T0323 25427 North Cr A TI91385(5)272 Sth-Central Crater ridge lava bomb c.l m scoria deposit x x TG324 25428 Tong Trig A TI9/390(5)270 Sth-Central Crater ridge platey-jointed lava c.lOm thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG325 25429 Tong Trig A TI9/388 213 Sth-Central Crater ridge blocky-jointed lava c.6-8m thick flow x x T0326 25430 Tong Trig A TI91388(5)211 Sth-Central Crater ridge platey-jointed lava c.6m thick flow x x altered TG321 25431 North Cr A T19/388(5)212 Sth-Central Crater ridge lava bomb 0.5m scoria deposit x x T0328 25432 TongTrlg A TI9/378 259 W South Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.3m thick x x TG329 25433 Tong Trig A TI9/378(5)262 W South Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.8m thick x x altered TG330 25434 Tong Trig A T19/379(5)261 (5) W South Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.6m thick x x x xenolitbs; altered T0331 25435 Tong Trig A TI91378(5)263(5) W South Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.8m thick x x fine compositional banding TG332 NS Tong Trig TI9/378(5)264 W South Crater ridge hydroth,. altd breccia <2m thick T0333 25436 Tong Trig A TI91379 265 W South Crater ridge welded agglutinate c3-4m thick x x oxidised TG334 NS Tong Trig TI91379 267 W South Crater ridge tuff breccia 150m x 40m deposit T0335 NS Tong Trig T191381 269 N South Crater hydroth. altd breccia c.5m thick T0336 25431 Tong Trig A TI9/387 269 Sth-Central Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.3m thick x x xenoliths T0331 25438 Tong Trig A T191389 269 Sth-Central Crater ridge wclded agglutinate c.l-2m thick x x altered TG338 25439 Tong Trig A Tl9/390 268(5) Sth-Cemral Crater ridge welded agglutinate c3-5m thick x x xenoliths; altered T0339 25440 Tong Trig A T191389 267 Sth-Central Crater ridge lava flow c.2m thick flow X x altered T0340 NS Tong Trig Tl9/389 266 Sth-Central Crater ridge ?scoria-tuff cone > 10m thick TG341 25441 Tong Trig A TI9/389(5)265 Sth-Central Crater ridge welded agglutinate c.4-5m thick x x altered Field Lab Vole-strat Rock Grid reference Locality Geology deSCription Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TG342 25442 Red Crater BA TI91392 263 Red Crater Red Crater drained dike dike margin x x TG343 25443 Red Crater BA TI91393(5)264(5) Red Crater massive lava1?dike c.5-6m thick x x altered TG344 25444 Tong Trig A TI9/393 265 RedCrnter columnar-jointed lava c.20m thick flow x x very altered TG345 25445 Te MariCr A T19/414 299 Lower Te Mari Crater blocky-platey jtd lava c.5-8m thick flow x x altered TG346 25446 Te Mari Cr A TI9/414 299 Lower Te Marl Crater blocky-platey jtd lava c.?m thick flow x x TG34? 25447 Te Man Cr A Tl9/419 296 E of Lower Te Mari blocky-jointed lava c.5m thick flow x x xenoliths TG348 25448 TeMari Cr A Tl9/419 299 E of Lower Te Marl an to block lava c.2-3m thick flow x x xenoliths TG349 25449 TeMari Cr A TI9/417 300 E of Lower Te Mari blocky-jointed Java c.6-8m thick flow x x xenoliths TG350 25450 Te Mari Cr A TI9/410 300 Lower Te Mari Crater blocky-jointed lava c.2m thick flow x x xenoliths; oxidised TG351 25451 TeMariCr A TI9/410 300 Lower Te Mari Crater platey-jointed lava c.6m thick flow x x x TG352 25452 Tong Trig D TI91373 261 Upper Mangatepopo Valley platey-jointed lava c.8m thick flow x x altered; point-counted TG353 25453 Tong Trig A Tl91374 262 Upper Mangatepopo Valley platey-blocky jtd lava c.20m thick flow x x x altered TG354 25454 Tong Trig A TI91374(5)262 Upper Mangmepopo Valley platey-jointed lava c.l Om thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG355 25455 Tong Trig A TI91375 263 Upper Mangatepopo Valley platey-jointed lava cAm thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG356 25456 Tong Trig A TI91376 261 (5) Upper Mangatepopo Valley blocky-jointed lava c.4m thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG357 25457 Tong Trig A Tl9/376(5)261(5) Upper Mangatepopo Valley blocky-platey jtd lava c.I-2m thick flow x x xenoliths TG358 25458 Tong Trig A TI91377 262 Upper Mangatepopo Valley ?lava flow/agglutinate c.5m thick x x xenoliths TG359 25459 Ngauruhoe BA T19/378 244(5) NE Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.I-2m thick flow x x oxidised TG360 25460 Ngauruhoe BA T19/376 242 Ngauruhoe Crater Nga 1975 scoriaflava c.0.5m thick x x xenoliths TG361 25461 Ngauruhoe BA TI91376 241(5) Ngauruhoe Crater Nga I 975 scoriafl ava c.lm thick x x xenoliths TG362 25462 Ngauruhoe A Tl91378 241 Ngauruhoe Crater Nga aaflow c.0.5m thick x x xenoliths; oxidised TG363 25463 Ngauruhoe BA TI9/378 248 NE Ngauruboe cone Ngaaa flow c.l-2m thick x x TG364 25464 Ngauruhoe SA TI 9/375(5)251 (5) NE Ngauruboe cone Ngaaa flow c.l m thick flow x x xenoliths TG365 25465 Pukekaikiore A T 191350( 5)232( 5) Makahikatoa Valley columnar-jtd lava c.15-20m thick flow x x TG366 25466 Pukekaikiore A T191353 233 Makahikatoa Valley blocky-jointed Java c.2-4m thick flow x x TG367 25467 Pukekaikiore A Tl91352 235(5) S Pukekailciore slabby-jointed lava c.4-15m thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG368 25468 Ngauruhoe A Tl91362 231 Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow c.2m thick flow x x xenoliths TG369 25469 Ngauruhoe A T19/363 233 Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow c.3-4m thick flow x x xenoliths TG370 25470 Tama2 A Tl91365 231 Makahikatoa Valley blocky-jointed lava c.4-5m thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG371 25471 Tama2 A TI91368 230(5) Makahikatoa Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3m thick flow x x altered TG372 25472 Tama2 A Tl9/368 230 Makahikatoa Valley columnar-jointed lava <10m thick flow x x yellow-green alteration TG373 25473 Tama2 A TI91367(5)229(5) Makahikatoa Valley blocky-jointed lava c.3m thick flow x x x x altered TG374 25474 Tama2 A TI9/360 230 Makahikatoa Valley blocky-subcolumnar jtd c.34m thick flow x x TG375 25475 Tama 2 A TI9/366 216 N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-columnar jointed c.1 0-15m thick flow x x very altered TG376 25476 Tama 2 A T19/366 218 N of Upper Tama Lake suhcolumnar-jointed c.l O-15m thick flow x x x x xenoliths TG377 25477 Tama 2 A Tl91366(5)219 N of Upper Tama Lake subcolurnnar-jointed c.IOm thick flow x x TG378 25478 Tama 2 A Tl9/365 220 N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-jointed lava c.3-5m thick flow x x point-counted TG379 25479 Tama 2 A Tl9/360 220(5) N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-jointed lava c.I-2m thick flow x x TG380 25480 Tarna 2 A Tl9/367 223(5) N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-jointed lava c.8m thick flow x x Field Lab Vole-slmt Rock Grid reference Geology Field OCCurrence XRF Microprobe Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis dale TG381 25481 Tama2 A Tl91367 224 N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-columnar-jointed c.20m thick flow x x x x oxidised; point-counted TG382 25482 Tama2 A T191367(S)22S N of Upper Tarna Lake blocky-jointed lava c.IOm thick flow x x x xenoliths TG383 25483 Tama2 A Tl91368(5)220 N of Upper Tarna Lake subcolumnar-jointed lava c.8-lOm thick flow x x x TG384 25484 Tarna2 A T 191368(S)218(5) N of Upper Tarna Lake blocky-jointed lava c.5-8rn thick lava x x TG385 25485 Tama2 A Tl91368(5)213 N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-jointed lava c.3Am thick flow x x xenoliths; altered TG386 25486 Tama2 A Tl9/369(S)212 N of Upper Tama Lake blocky-jointed lava c3m thick flow x x altered TG387 25487 Tama2 A T191371(S)214 N of Upper Tarna Lake blocky-jointed lava c.2-3rn thick flow x x altered TG388 25488 Tama2 BA Tl91381(5)215 Tama 2 ridge blocky-jointed lava c.2-4m thick flow x x TG389 25489 Tama2 A Tl91375 216(5) WofTama2 blocky-columnar jointed c.6-8m thick flow x x altered TG390 25490 Tama2 A TI91376 214 Wof Tama2 blocky-platey jtd lava c.8m thick flow x x xenoliths

TG391 25491 Tama2 A T191379(5)21l (5) Tama 2 ridge subcolumnar-jtd lava c.6-8m thick flow J( x x altered; point-counted TG392 25492 Tama2 A T191381 (5)208 Tarna2ridge blocky-jointed lava c.5m thick flow x x oxidised TG393 25493 Tama2 A Tl9138 I (5)206 Tama 2 ridge blocky-platey jld lava c.6m thick flow x x TG394 25494 Tama2 A Tl91379(5)214 Tama 2 ridge bouldery float c.lm thick x x TG395 25495 Tarna2 BA T191383(5)214 Tama2 ridge pyx cumulate lava float on scree x x xenoliths; altered TG396 25496 YoungNEOt A Tl9/406 269 NE Oturere Valley welded agglutinate c.5-6m thick x x lithics; oxidised TG397 NS NE Oturere Tl9/404(5)269 NE Oturere V~l1ey ?welded agglutinate cAm thick altered TG398 NS NE Oturere T19/405 269 NE Oturere Valley ?welded agglutinate c3m thick TG399 NS NE Oturere T19/405(5)268(5) NE Oturere Valley ?welded agglutinate c.6m thick TG400 25497 NE Oturere A Tl9/405 267(5) NE Oturere Valley columnar-platey jointed c.5-8m thick x x x joint plane Fe-staining TG401 25498 NE Omrere A Tl91405 268 NE Oturere Valley columnar-platey jointed c.6-7m thick x x TG402 NE Oturere T19/40S 268(5) NE Omrere Valley tuff breccia c.O.5m thick TG403 25499 Tama2 A Tl91382 228 Upper Waihohonu Valley jointed lava c.I5m thick x x altered TG404 Tarna2 Tl91382 228 Upper Waihohonu Valley tuff breccia c.3m thick TG405 25556 Ngauruhoe A T19/377 239 Ngauruhoe outer crater Nga prehist flow c.2m thick x x slightly altered TG406 25500 Ngauruhoe BA Tl91375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954-5 5 scoria c.8m thick x x sl altered; unit "J" TG407 Ngauruhoe Tl91375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954--55 scoria c2m thick altered; unit" A" TG408 Ngauruhoe T191375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954-55 scoria O.3m thick altered; oxidn; unit "B" TG409 Ngauruhoe TI91375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954-55 scoria 13m thick altered; unit "C" TG410 Ngauruhoe Tl91375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954--55 scoria O.3m thick altered; oxidn; unit "0" TG411 25501 Ngauruhoe BA T19/375(S)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954--55 scoria c.8m thick x x altered; xens; unit "E" TG412 25502 Ngauruhoe BA Tl9/375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954-55 scoria c.20m thick x x XRF=black scoria; unit "F" TG413 25557 Ngauruhoe BA TI91375(5)242 Ngauruhoe inner crater Nga 1954-55 scoria c.20m thick x x x x unit "G" ("F"); point-ctd TGSOO 26302 Ngauruhoe BA T19/381(5)247(5) NE Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist pahoehoe flow thin flow x x TG501 26303 Ngauruhoe A TI9/380 241(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prebist aa flow c.2rn thick x x xenoliths TGS02 26304 Ngauruhoe A TI91380 241(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone N ga prehist aa flow c.Um thick x x xenoliths TG503 26305 Ngauruhoe A TI9/380 241(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.I-1.5m thick x x xenoliths TG504 26306 Ngauruhoe A Tl91380 241(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.I-2m thick x x xenoliths TGS05 26307 Ngauruhoe BA Tl91380 241(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist B&A flow 1m bomb x Field Lab Volc-strat Rock Grid reference Locality Geology description Field occurrence Thin XRF Microprobe INAA Isotope K-Ar Comments number number unit type section analysis analysis analysis date TG506 26308 Ngauruhoe A T19!379 240(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow x x oxidisedlaltered TG507 26309 Ngauruhoe BA T19/379 240(5) Upper E Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist pahoehoe flow c.30cm thick x x xenoliths TG508 26310 Ngauruhoe A T19/377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga block flow x x xenoliths TG509 26311 Ngauruhoe BA T19/377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga lapilli fall deposit bomb x x xenoliths TG5tO 26312 Ngauruhoe A T19!377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow x x xenoliths TG511 26313 Ngauruhoe A T19/377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.3Am thick x x xenoliths TG512 26314 Ngauruhoe A T19!377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.I-2m thick x x xenoliths; altered TG513 26315 N gauruhoe A T19/377 239(5) Upper SE Ngauruhoe cone Nga welded fall deposit .2 x 1.5m lenticles x x slightly altered TG520 26329 Ngauruhoe A T 19/369(5)234 Sw Ngauruhoe cone Nga ?older flow subdued relief x x xenoliths TG521 26330 Ngauruhoe A T19!370 233 SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist block flow x x xenoliths;sl altered TG522 26331 Ngauruhoe A T19/37 I 234 SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa-block flow c.3-4m thick x x xenoliths TG523 26332 Ngauruhoe A T 191372 232(5) SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow x x oxidised TG524 26333 Ngauruhoe A T19/374 234 SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa-block flow x x xenoliths TG525 26334 Ngauruhoe A TI9/374 231 SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow c.I-5m thick x x oxidised; xenoli ths TG526 26335 Ngauruhoe A T191372 231 SW N gauruhoe cone Nga prehist aa flow v.steep flow front x x TG527 26336 Ngauruhoe A Tl9/371 229(5) SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga prehist sheet lava c.5-lOm thick x x slightly altered TG528 26337 Ngauruhoe A TI9/369(5)228(5) SW Ngauruhoe cone Nga block flow/reworked? c.lm block x x sl oxidised; xenoliths TG529 26338 Ngauruhoe BA TI9/349 230(5) Makahikatoa Valley Nga prehist aa flow valley-filling flow x x TG530 Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo ValIey Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG531 Xenolith QX TI9/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG532 Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo VaHey Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyroel aval x TG533 Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG534 Xenolith QX TI9/364 255 Mangatepopo VaHey Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG535 Xenolith QX T191364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval TG536 Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo VaHey Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval x TG537 Xenolith VX T19/364 255 Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1975 xenolith 1975 pyrocl aval Tn89 26298 Tama I A T20/354 199 Lower Tama Lake oldLTLdome x x x sl altd; I.A. Nairn (GNS) Tnl41a 26299 Tama Lakes D T20/347(5) 199(5) Lower Tama Lake c.IOka TL ejecta banded pumice x I.A. Nairn (GNS) Tnl44d 26300 Tama2 A T19/377 217(5) WofTama2 small ignimbrite breadcrusted pumice x x SIf altd; I.A. Nairn (GNS) Tnl44e 26301 Tama2 D T19/377 217(5) WofTama2 small ignimbrite juvenile clast x x I.A. Nairn (GNS) P9997 26868 Ngauruhoe SA Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1949 aa lava flow " GNS P39851 26819 Ngauruhoe SA Mangatepopo Valley Nga 1974 pyrocl aval dense block x samples provided by P39864 26820 Ngauruhoe SA Mangatepopo VaHey Nga 1974 pyroel aval spatter bomb x C.P. Wood (GNS) P40674 26869 Ngauruhoe SA Mangatepopo VaHey Nga 1975 pyrocl aval lapilli x GNS Sampling Sequences for Volcano Stratigraphic Units 15

APPENDIX 2 SAMPLING SEQUENCES FOR TONGARIRO VOLCANO-STRATIGRAPHIC UNITS

Sample field numbers (and several locality numbers) are listed in stratigraphic order for each volcano-stratigraphic unit. The approximate age of each unit is shown in square brackets. Within each unit or subunit (a,b,c ... ) samples are ordered youngest to oldest from top to bottom of list where stratigraphic relationships are known, and listed side by side when stratigraphic relationships are unknown. A dashed line between samples in a vertical succession denotes an angular unconformity identified in the field. A question mark or comment denote samples of uncertain stratigraphic position. Elevations (metres above sea level) are placed in brackets after sample names at the top and base of vertical sections.

Uncertainties arose not through lack of exposure, but because many lava flows were laterally discontinuous along valley wall sections thus requiring some extrapolation in the field. Consequently, the following sequences represent the best interpretation possible using available field information. The historic eruption record, tephra chronology (Topping, 1973), and K-Ar dating (see Chapter 3) were also used in compilation of the lists. Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 16

A2.1 NGAURUHOE [0-2.5 ka]

TG005-010,TG021,TG267-273, 1975 pyroclastic avalanche, TG360-361, P40674 scoria, and xenoliths

P39851, P39864 1974 block and bomb

TG406-413 1954-55 scoria cone (inner crater)

TG043 (16.9.54) TG044 (18.8.54) TG042 (29.7.54) 1954 basaltic andesite aa lava flows TG039,TG041,TG045(14.7.54) TG023-025 (30.6.54) TG038 (04.6.54)

TG019, P9997 1949 basaltic andesite aa lava flow

Steiner (1958) 1928 basaltic andesite ?bomb

TG001,TG004 1870 lava flows

TG161,TG241,TG359,TG362-364, upper cone aa lava flows & scoria TG405,TG500-507,TG509-512 Groups 1B and 3B

TG003 TG012 Mangatepopo Valley ?TG040 Groups IB and 3B TG022 TG026

TG158 Makahikatoa Valley TG156 Groups IB and 3B TG157

TG520, TG522-525 TG526-527 TG207,283-285,288-289,521,528 Waihohonu Valley, Group 3A TG369 TG368

TG205-206,TG286,TG508,TG513 Waihohonu Valley, Group 2

TG013,TG017 TG018 TG014-015 Mangatepopo Valley, Group IB TG002 TG020 TGOll Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 17

?TG277-278 South Crater flows, Group IB

?TG529 Makahikatoa Valley, Group 3B

TGOI6,TGI62-164,TGI81, E Waihohonu & lower Mangatepopo TG 185-187 ,TG 189,TG266,TG305 Valleys, Group lA

A2.2 SOUTH CRATER [c.l.8-2 ka]

TG276 scoria bomb & block bed

A2.3 RED CRATER [0- c.3 ka]

TG128-129 scoria on crater rim

TG127 TG126 TG130 basaltic andesite lava flows < 1.8 ka ?TG131 (c. 0.5 ka?) TG112

?TG342 dikes within crater ?TG343

TG132 TG133 andesite lava flows> 1.8 ka TG134 (c. 3 ka?) TG135 TG053,TG087-090, ?TG 113

A2.4 TAMA LAKES [10 ka]

TG029-034,TGI37,TnI41a andesite bombs - dacite pumice

A2.§ TE MARl CRATERS [0-14+ ka] a. TG281-282 c.1500AD lava flow (upper crater) TG027 c.6-9.7 ka lava flow (lower crater) Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 18

b. TG345 TG346 ?c.13.8 ka lava flows exposed in TG350 walls of Lower Te Mari Crater TG351

c. TG347-349 lava flows to east of lower crater

A2.6 YOUNG SW OTURERE [c. 10-14 ka]

TGI65-166, TG176 ridge-capping scoria deposit

A2.7 YOUNG PUKEKAIKIORE [c. IS ka]

TG152-153 olivine andesite lava & scoria

A2.8 NORTH CRATER [10- c.lS ka] a. TG196 (1860m) TG197 TG198 cooled andesitic lava lake (vertical TG201 section exposed in an explosion pit) TG203 TG202 (1820m) b. TG191 (1900m) TG193 TG192 S inner wall welded TG195 andesitic agglutinate TG194 (1860m) c. TG 199-200, TG204 W,N & E inner-outer wall andesitic TG319-320 agglutinate, lava and scoria d. TG306-311 agglutinate, lava & scoria, NE slopes e. TG316-317,TG323,TG327 scoria on Tongariro Trig ridge Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 19

A2.9 BLUE LAKE [10- c.20 ka] a. TG214 (l840m) TG215 TG216 NE inner wall welded agglutinates TG217 and andesite lava flows TG218 TG219 (l780m) b. TG208-213 outer wall agglutinate and scoria c. TG312-314 north slopes above Upper Te Mari Crater

A2.10 PUKEONAKE [c.23 ka]

TG264,TG279-280 basaltic andesite scoria cone and lava flow

A2.11 YOUNG NE OTURERE [c.20+ ka]

TG262-263, TG396 ridge-capping scoria deposit

A2.12 TONGARIRO TRIG [65-110 ka] a. TG318,321,332,334-335,340 hydrothermally altered vent tuff breccias, Tongariro trig - South Crater b. TG336 (l880m) TG322 TG339 TG341 welded agglutinates & lava flows, TG338 South Crater (uncertain TG337 stratigraphic relationships) TG326 TG325 TG324 (l740m) c. TG344 pre-Red Crater lava flow Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 20

d. TG315 TG333 (1 820m) TG331 TG329 TG328 welded andesitic agglutinates & lava TG330 flows, Tongariro Trig and head of TG358 Mangatepopo Valley TG357 TG356 TG355 TG354 TG353 TG352 (1 460m)

e. TG146 (1 480m) TG147 lava flows, Upper Mangatepopo TG148 Valley, NNW slopes of Ngauruhoe TG149 (1420m)

f. TG139 (1500m) TG140 TG141 andesite lava flows, TG144 north Mangatepopo Valley wall TG142 (uncertain stratigraphic relationships) TG143 TG145 ?TG138 (1360m)

A2.13 SW OTURERE [70-115 ka]

a. TG274-275 lava flows, South Crater basin b. TG240 (1780m) scoria cone ------TG239 TG238 welded agglutinates & lava flows TG237 TG236 ------?TG234 TG235 TG233 TG232 lava flows, upper SW Oturere TG231 Valley wall TG230 TG229 TG228 (1 580m) Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 21 c. ?TG167 (1630m) TG173 TG174 hydrothermally altered lavas, TG175 (1600m) mid/upper SW Oturere Valley wall ?TG172 ?TG171 ?TG170 d. TG076 (1600m) TG073 TG077,074 TG078,075 TG079 lava flows, mid SW Oturere Valley TG081 wall TG080 (l480m) TG168 TG169 (1560m) e. TG066 (l460m) TG065 TG067 TG069 lava flows, mid SW Oturere Valley TG070 wall TG072 TG071 (1440m) f. TG049 (1460m) TG050 TG051,057 TG052,063 lava flows, lower/mid SW Oturere TG056 Valley wall TG055,58-59,64,68 TG054 (l260m) ?TG083-086 g. TG182 (1620m) lava flows, E slopes of Ngauruhoe TG183 (1600m) h. TG298 lava flow, SW Waihohonu Valley i. TG178 (I 640m) TG179 TG180 lava flows, upper Waihohonu Valley TG190 ?TG184 (1560m) ?TG188 (1440m) Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 22

A2.14 PUKEKAIKIORE [120·190 ka]

a. TG151 (1640m) TG150 ?TG265 ?TG159 andesite lava flows, Pukekaikiore ?TG367 (uncertain stratigraphic relationships) ?TG154 ?TG155 (1500m)

b. TG365-366 lava flows, Makahikatoa Valley

A2.15 TAMA 2 [200-210 ka]

a. TG291 TG292 lava flows, SW Waihohonu Valley TG293

b. TG371 (1660m) lava flows (& breccias), SW slopes TG372 of Ngauruhoe TG373 (1600m)

c. TG404 (1550m) lava flows & tuff breccias, TG403 SE slopes of Ngauruhoe

d. TG384 (1540m) TG383 andesite flows, N Upper Tama Lake TG287 TG375 (1380m) e. TG379 (1560m) TG378 andesite flows, N Upper Tama Lake TG377 TG376 (1420m) f. TG380 (1620m) TG381 andesite flows, N Upper Tama Lake TG382 (1580m) g. TG370, TG374 Makahikatoa Valley lava flows h. TG060 (1340m) TG299 TG300 andesite flows, NE Waihohonu Valley ?TG061-062 TG301 TG302,303 TG304 (1320m) Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 23

i. Tn 144d-e ignimbrite, W of Tama trig ridge

j. TG389 (1520m) TG290 TG387 andesite flows, N Upper Tama Lake TG386 (uncertain stratigraphic relationships) TG385 (1380m)

k. TG395 scree, Tama trig ridge

L TG394 (1560m) TG392 TG393 TG391 TG388 andesite lava flows, Tama trig ridge TG295 (uncertain stratigraphic relationships) TG294 ?TG390 TG296 TG297 (1240m)

A2.16 NE OTURERE [90-250 ka]

a. TG221 (1800m) TG220 TG222 TG223 lava flows & welded agglutinates TG224 in head of valley TG225 TG226 TG227 (1640m) b. TG398 (1760m) TG399 TG397 lava flows, welded agglutinates, TG402 tuff breccias in upper valley TG401 TG400 (1640m) c. TG259 (1700m) sub-horizontal andesite lava flows TG260 (uncertain stratigraphic position) TG261 (1680m)

d. TG258 (1724m) TG257 andesite lava flows & scoria TG256 TG255 ------Appendix 2 Sampling sequences for Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units 24

TG254 TG253 TG252 steeply dipping andesite lava flows TG25 I (uncertain stratigraphic position) TG250 TG249 ------TG248 TG247 TG246 TG245 scoria cone & minor intercalated lava TG242-244(=124) TGl23 TGl22 TG120-121 ------TGl19 TGl18 TG1l7 andesite lava flows TG1l6 TG1l5 TGl14 (1500m) e. TGI09 (1620m) TGllO TGI08 TGI07 TGI06 andesite lava flows TGI05 TGI03 TGI04 TGI02 TGlll (1480m) f. TG098 (1500m) TGIOI TGIOO andesite lava flows TG099 (uncertain stratigraphic position) TG097 TG096 (1420m) g. TG047, TG048, TG082 isolated lava flows, lower valley (uncertain stratigraphic position) h. TG094 (1340m) andesite lava flows, TG093 upper Mangatawai Valley TG095 TG091 (uncertain stratigraphic position) TG092 (1240m) Appendix 2 Sampling sequencesjor Tongariro volcanic-stratigraphic units

A2.17 TAMA 1 [215-275 ka]

TG028 Tn89 lava flows and domes TG046, TG136 Detailed Petrographic Descriptions for Selected Samples 26

APPENDIX 3 DETAILED PETROGRAPIDC DESCRIPTIONS FOR SELECTED SAMPLES

Full petrographic descriptions of 62 samples (those for which precise trace element and isotopic data have been obtained) are presented below, apart from the three xenoliths which are described in Appendix 6. Explanatory notes and abbreviations (some definitions are specific to Tongariro rocks) are as follows:

Textures holo-X = holocrystalline hypo-X = hypocrystalline fg = fine-grained mg =medium-grained wk porph =weakly porphyritic «10% phenocrysts) modporph =moderately porphyritic (10-30% phenocrysts) str porph = strongly porphyritic (>30% phenocrysts) gc = >5% of phenocrysts are glomerocrystic ser = seriate (grain size varies gradually from phenocryst to groundmass microlite; grain size range [max diam] given) bimod = bimodal (two distinct grain size popUlations; average grain size [max diam] of each population given) non vesic = non-vesicular wk vesic = weakly vesicular (vesicles <2% of total rock volume) mod vesic = moderately vesicular (2-10% of total rock volume) str vesic = strongly vesicular (> 10% of total rock volume) Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions/or selected samples 27

Phenocrysts Standard mineral name abbreviations are used: PLAG = plagioclase feldspar, OPX =orthopyroxene, CPX =clinopyroxene, OLIV =olivine, OX =Fe-Ti oxides (usually magnetite, unless noted otherwise in "Remarks"), HBL = hornblende, AP = apatite (only the prominent red-brown apatite in hornblende-bearing rocks is recorded, although trace apatite occurs in many rocks), QTZ = quartz. Mineral proportions are visually estimated unless point-counting is noted in "Comments". Precise mineral compositions (An%, En%, etc) and zoning only given when microprobe analysis available (see "Comments"). Mineral colour only noted if unusual or diagnostic. euhed = euhedral crystal shape subhed =subhedral crystal shape anhed anhedral crystal shape N = normal zoning R reverse zoning Z = zoning (unspecified) oscil-Z =oscillatory zoning patch-Z =patchy zoning sector-Z = sector zoning res = resorbed (rounded grain margins ± embayed grain margins ± inner resorption surfaces) wk sieved = <20% of PLAG crystal popUlation is sieved mod sieved = 20-70% of PLAG crystal population is sieved str sieved =>70% of PLAG crystal popUlation is sieved (NB. intensity of sieving within anyone crystal varies from a few scattered glass inclusions to intense concentrations of glass inclusions) incl () = crystal contains inclusions of mineral phase(s) listed in brackets: pl=plagioclase, px=unspecified pyroxene, cpx=clinopyroxene, opx=orthopyroxene, ox=FeTi oxide, gl=glass, symp=symplectite, csp=chrome spinel fr = fractured olg = overgrowth altn =alternation Xl pop =crystal popUlation symp = symplectite Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 28

exsol =exsolution pI =pleochroic ox altn altered to FeTi oxide ox pseudomorph = crystal pseudomorphed by FeTi oxide xen =xenolith dfm = deformation

Groundmass micro-X = microcrystalline crypto-X = cryptocrystalline gi glass-bearing relige XIs = relatively large crystal size compared to most Tongariro lavas (Le. coarsely micro-X) sub-pilotax = subpilotaxitic

Xenoliths Xenolith measurements are for maximum diameter of the xenolith.

Comments All point-counting done to 1000 points. Probed = minerals analysed by electron microprobe (see Appendix 9). All samples are fresh unless alteration or oxidation has been noted. Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 29

SAMPLE TGOOI TGOIO TG020 TG045 TG047 TG051 Textures hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg holo-X, fg str porph, gc str porph, gc str porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc ser 0.1-2.0mm serO.I-2.0mm ser 0.2-5.0mm bimod 0.2,lmm ser 0.1-3.0mm ser 0.2-1.5mm mod vesic non vesic mod vesic str vesic v wk vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 35.4 35.3 36.2 34.0 30.1 25.0

PLAG% 20.0 20.S 22.7 25.0 21.5 17.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed An60-S2, N+R oscil+patch Z An5S-SS, N+R oscil+patch Z patch+oscil Z An59-71, N+R oscil+patch Z mod sieved oscil+patch Z mod sieved str sieved patch+oscil Z res, str sieved inc1(px,ox) res, mod sieved inc1(px) inc1(px) mod sieved

OPX% 10.0 10.4 5.0 6.0 3.9 4.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed En62-70, N+R some res En63-67, N+R some sieved En58-74, R some res, fr v wk sieved incl(ox) rare cpx o/g incl(ox) inc1(pl,gl)

CPX% 5.2 3.S 7.9 3.0 3.5 3.0 Remarks euhed-subhed subhed subhed subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed aug,N+R aug,N few sieved aug, R some res, fr incl(ox) incl(ox) inc1(gl)

OLlV% 0.2 <0.5 Remarks subhed subhed FoSO Fo76-78, N res, opx o/g

OX% 0.3 0.6 1.2 1.0 Remarks euhed-anhed subhed-anhed euhed-subhed subhed-anhed 0.1-0.2mm <0.2mm

HBL% Remarks

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 63.2 5S.7 63.S 66.0 69.9 75.0 Remarks micro-X, gl micro-X micro-X, gl micro-X, gl micro-X micro-X intersertal intersertal intersertal sub- pilotax sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % 1.4 6.0 <0.5 <0.5 Remarks elongate elongate equant elongate 0.4-2.2mm 1.0-7.0mm 1.0mm 1.0mm pl+px+gl pl+px+ox+gl pl+px+gl pl+px+ox

Comments point-counted point-counted point-counted point-counted probed probed probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 30

SAMPLE TG055 TG072 TG074 TG080 TG084 TG086 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg str porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc str porph, gc ser 0.2-2.5mm ser 0.1-1.5mm ser 0.1-1.5mm ser 0.1-2.0mm serO.1-2.5mm ser 0.2-2.0mm wk vesic non vesic mod vesic non vesic non vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 40.9 28.0 23.9 28.0 33.4 30.0

PLAG % 31.3 20.0 19.9 19.0 23.8 19.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscilZ oscilZ An46-70, N+R An51-86, N oscil+patch Z oscil+patch Z wk sieved, fr mod sieved oscil+patch Z oscil+patch Z mod sieved wk sieved incl(px) incl(px) mod sieved mod sieved incl(px) incl(px)

OPX% 3.1 4.0 1.9 5.0 5.7 5.0 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed subhed subhed En56-75, R+N En58-71 incl(ox) incl(ox)

CPX% 3.8 3.0 0.7 2.0 3.5 4.0 Remarks su bhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed subhed subhed some res aug aug,N incl(ox) incl(ox)

OLIV% Remarks

OX% 2.7 1.0 1.4 2.0 0.4 2.0 Remarks subhed-anhed euhed-subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed <0.5mm <0.2mm <0.2mm ilmenite <0.2mm <0.8mm

HBL% <0.5 Remarks anhed, res brown pI ox rim altn

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 58.9 72.0 76.0 72.0 66.6 70.0 Remarks crypto-X micro-X, gl micro-X crypto/micro-X micro-X crypto-X, gl perlitic gl gl rellge XIs oxidised

Xenoliths % 0.2 0.1 <1.0 <0.5 Remarks equant elongate equant rare 1.0mm 1.5-2.0mm 2.0mm pl+px+ox pl+px+ox pl+px+ox pl+px+ox

Comments point-counted point-counted probed point-counted probed, wk altn Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptionsjor selected samples 31

SAMPLE TG098 TGIOO TGI03 TGI08 TG112 TG115 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph mod porph, gc modporph ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-3.0mm ser 0.1-1.5mm bimod 0.3,lmm ser 0.1-2.0mm non vesic non vesic non vesic non vesic wk vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 25,0 25.0 40.0 13.0 28.0 12.3

PLAG % 17.0 16.0 30.5 6.0 13.4 2.1 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-anhed subhed-anhed An46-72, N+R oscilZ patch +oscil Z oscil+patch Z An52-81, R An53-82, R patch+oscil Z res, wk sieved wk sieved res,mod sieved patch+oscil Z oscilZ sir sieved some fr sir sieved res, str sieved

OPX% 3.0 5.0 6.1 2.0 1.0 0.8 Remarks subhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed-anhed En63-75, R many fr bimodal Xl pop En61-67 En56-80, N+R some cpx o/g some clear cpx olg res core some sievedlfr fr opx -cpx 01 g

CPX% 4.0 3.0 2.2 3.0 9.5 4.6 Remarks subhed subhed subhed subhed-anhed euhed-subhed subhed-anhed aug aug, N+R aug, R incl(ox) someZ someZ some sieved

OLlV% <0.5 2.0 4.1 4.6 Remarks anhed, res subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed Fon-78, N res, fr Fo77-89 F085-87 symp altn rim altn fr, some altn

OX% 1.0 1.0 1.2 <0.5 0.2 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed <0.5mm <0.5mm <0.2mm

HBL% Remarks

AP% Remarks

QTZ% <0.5 Remarks subhed corroded

Groundmass % 75.0 75.0 60.0 87.0 12.0 87.7 Remarks micro-X, gl micro-X, gl micro-X, gl micro-X"gl micro-X, gl micro-X, gl wk oxidised sub-pilotax sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % Remarks

Comments probed point-counted wkaltn point-counted point-counted probed probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions/or selected samples 32

SAMPLE TG122 TG126 TG134 TG135 TG136 TG140 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg holo-X, fg mod porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc serO.I-2.0mm bimod 0.3,2mm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.2-3.5mm ser 0.1-2.5mm wk vesic mod vesic wk vesic v wk vesic non vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 25.0 33.0 27.0 34.9 31.5 28.0

PLAG % 17.0 15.0 15.0 21.3 11.6 20.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscilZ An51-BI, R An45-73,N An4B-68, N+R An57-B9, N oscil Z res, str sieved patch+oscil Z oscil+patch Z oscil+patch Z patch +oscil Z wk sieved incl(px) res, str sieved mod sieved res, mod sieved wk sieved

OPX% 5.0 2.0 2.0 2.6 O.B 5.0 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed euhed-subhed coarsely sieved En60-6B, N En5B-73 En64-76 En62-67, R incl(ox) cpx o/g cpx o/g cpx o/g incl(ox) cpx exsol

CPX % 3.0 9.0 7.0 B.I 2.0 Remarks subhed-anhed euhed-subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed euhed-subhed aug, N+R aug,R aug incl(ox) someZ someZ someZ incl(ox)

OLIV% 7.0 2.0 1.0 Remarks subhed-anhed euhed subhed-anhed Fo74-B9, N FoB2-B3 FoB2-B4 I xen,dfm bands some opx/pl o/g

OX% <1.0 1.0 1.9 O.B 1.0 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed <0.6mm <0.7mm <0.3mm <0.2mm ilmenite

HBL% IB.3 Remarks euhed-subhed green-brown pi ox rim altn

AP % Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 75.0 67.0 73.0 65.1 6B.5 72.0 Remarks crypto/micro-X micro-X, gl micro-X, gl crypto/micro-X micro-X crypto/micro-X gl gl rellge Xis banded

Xenoliths % Remarks

Comments wkaltn probed probed point-counted point-counted probed probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptionsjor selected samples 33

SAMPLE TG146 TG152 TG156 TG161 TG163 TG169 Textures holo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc ser 0.1-3.0mm ser 0.2-2.0mm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.1-4.0mm ser 0.1-1.5mm ser 0.1-1.0mm non vesic wk vesic non vesic mod vesic v wk vesic wk vesic

Phenocrysts % 25.0 14.0 35.0 29.0 36.6 24.0

PLAG % 17.0 0.9 21.0 20.0 24.3 17.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscil+patch Z

OPX% 4.0 1.2 6.0 6.0 7.5 3.0 Remarks subhed subhed subhed-anbed subhed subhed euhed-subhed some res En64-7I, N+R En58-65 En63-71 someZ incl(ox) someZ incl(ox) incl(ox,px,gl) rare cpx o/g incl(ox)

CPX% 3.0 8.2 8.0 3.0 2.7 2.0 Remarks subhed subhed-anbed subhed-anbed subhed subhed subhed some res some granular aug, some Z aug aug incl(ox) incl(ox) rare Z someZ rare opx o/g incl(ox)

OLlV % <1.0 3.6 <1.0 0.6 Remarks subhed subhed and anhed anhed res skeletal Xis res Fo67 opx o/g symp+opx o/g

OX% 1.0 0.1 <1.0 <1.0 1.5 2.0 Remarks euhed-subhed subhed subhed-anbed subhed subhed subhed-anbed <0.3mm <0.3mm <0.5mm

HBL% Remarks

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 75.0 86.0 65.0 70.0 63.3 76.0 Remarks micro-X micro-X micro-X, gl micro-X, gl micro-X micro-X, gl intergranular sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % <1.0 <1.0 1.0 0.1 <1.0 Remarks corroded equant elongate equant elongate 1.0mm 5.0mm <4.0mm 1.5mm 4.0mm p\+px+ox pl+px+ox+gl pl+px+ox+gl pl+px+ox pl+px+ox+gl

Comments wkaltn point-counted probed probed point-counted probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions jar selected samples 34 SAMPLE TG178 TG182 TG192 TG196 TG20S TG206 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc str porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc ser 0.1-2.5mm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.2-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.2-2.5mm ser 0.1-2.5mm non vesic non vesic wk vesic v wk vesic str vesic str vesic

Phenocrysts % 26.0 36.7 35.6 25.0 26.4 27.0

PLAG% IS.O 2S.5 19.0 15.0 22.9 20.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscil+patch Z oscil+patch Z An60-S6, N+R An5S-S0, N+R oscilZ patch+Oscii Z wk sieved res, v fr patch+oscil Z patch Z str sieved mod sieved gl in cracks mod sieved str sieved

OPX % 5.0 4.4 9.6 6.0 1.2 4.0 Remarks subhed subhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed subhed fr En62-6S, N+R En5S-75, N+R rareZ incl(ox) incl(ox,pl,cpx) rare cpx o/g incl(ox) some skeletal

CPX % 2.0 1.9 4.2 3.0 1.4 3.0 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed subhed fr aug,N+R aug incl(ox) incl(ox) someZ some skeletal

OLIV% 2.1 Remarks anhed, res Fo69-S2, N pxo/g

OX% 1.0 1.9 0.7 1.0 0.9 <0.5 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed <0.5mm

HBL% Remarks

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 74.0 63.3 64.4 75.0 6S.6 73.0 Remarks micro-X, gl micro-X, gl crypto/micro-X micro-X, gl crypto/micro-X crypto-micro-X banded sub-piolotax gl gl sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % <1.0 <1.0 5.0 Remarks equant equant equant/elongate 1.0mm 1.2mm 0.5-5.0mm pl+px+ox pl+px+ox+gl pl+px+glsymp

Comments point-counted point-counted probed point-counted wkaltn probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 35

SAMPLE TG212 TG214 TG232 TG238 TG240 TG242 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc ser O.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-1.4mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.5mm str vesic mod vesic non vesic wk vesic str vesic str vesic

Phenocrysts % 22.0 29.1 29.1 23.0 27.0 28.1

PLAG % 15.0 19.1 19.7 16.0 14.0 17.1 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed patch Z osci1+patch Z oscii+patch Z oscil+patch Z An56-88, R+N An53-67, R res, str sieved mod sieved mod sieved str sieved patch+oscil Z oscilZ incl(cpx) str sieved, fr str sieved

OPX% 4.0 6.9 5.0 4.0 4.0 4.2 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed some res some skeletal En65-80, N+R En55-86, N or corroded res, cpx o/g res coarsely sieved

CPX% 3.0 2.5 3.4 3.0 8.0 6.8 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed-anhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed aug, R aug, R+N

OLIV% <0.5 <1.0 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed Fo70-84, N cpx o/g,incl(csp)

OX% <1.0 0.6 1.0 <1.0 1.0 Remarks anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed 0.1-0.2mm <0.2mm <0.2mm ilmenite

HBL% Remarks

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 78.0 70.9 69.1 77.0 73.0 71.9 Remarks glass-rich micro-X, gl micro-X, gl crypto-X crypto-X, gJ crypto-X eutaxitic banded glass-rich glass-rich

Xenoliths % 1.8 Remarks equant 2.0-3.0mm pi+px+ox

Comments point-counted point-counted probed pOint-counted wkaltn probed, wk oxidn Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 36

TG288 Textures hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X,fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc str porph, gc mod porph, gc sir porph. gc ser O.1-1.5mm serO.I-3.0mm ser O.2-3.0mm ser O.2-4.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.2-2.0mm str vesic non vesic str vesic str vesic str vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 21.9 27.1 20.0 33.2 25.0 30.8

PLAG % 14.5 19.9 8.0 10.9 18.0 14.9 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscilZ osciJ+patch+ An57-74, R+N AnSO-7l, R oscil+patch Z AnS4-74, N+R mod sieved sectorZ oscil+patch Z mod sieved wk sieved oscil+patch Z incl(px) mod sieved mod sieved wk sieved

OPX% 3.2 2.5 4.0 4.8 3.0 3.5 Remarks subhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed subhed subhed It brown-green En65-86, R En67-86. R wk res,sieved En61-76, R wkpl res cores res cores some cpx o/g sieved rims sieved rims str zoned

CPX% 3.8 3.8 6.0 15.0 4.0 8.9 Remarks subhed euhed-subbed euhed-subhed cuhed-subhed euhed-subhed subhed incl(ox) aug aug, R someZ aug, R some incl(gJ) incl(ox,pl)

OLIV% 0.3 2.0 2.4 2.7 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed res Fo86-95.opx oIg Fo87-94,opx olg Fo80-91. N px+ox oIg incl(csp) incl(csp) wk res.cpx o/g

OX% 0.4 0.4 <0.5 0.1 <1.0 0.8 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed anhed anhed subhed-anhed subhed

HBL% 2.0 Remarks subhed-anhed ox pseudomph

AP% Remarks

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 78.0 72.9 80.0 66.8 75.0 69.2 Remarks crypto-X micro-X crypto-micro-X micro-X, gl micro-X, gl micro-X glass-rich gl sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % 0.1 Remarks equant 1.5mm pl+px"",x

Comments point-counted point-counted probed point-counted point-counted wkaltn probed probed Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 37

SAMPLE TG289 TG292 TG300 TG310 TG315 TG317 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg str porph, ge str porph, ge str porph, ge mod porph, ge mod porph, ge mod porph ser 0.2-2.5mm ser 0.2-2.6mm ser 0.2-2.0mm ser 0.2-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.5mm ser 0.1-1.5mm mod vesic non vesic wk vesie str vesie wk vesic str vesic

Phenocrysts % 30.0 41.5 36.4 25.0 26.0 16.0

PLAG % 20.0 25.9 26.3 13.0 17.0 10.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed An63-75, N+R oseil+pateh Z oseil+pateh Z oseil+pateh Z oseil+pateh Z oseil Z oseil+pateh Z mod sieved str sieved str sieved res, wk sieved str sieved wk sieved some fr incl(px)

OPX% 4.0 7.0 7.3 4.0 3.0 2.0 Remarks subhed subhed subhed euhed-subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed En60-80, N wk sieved incl(ox) wk sieved wk res incl(cpx.pl) incl(ox) incl(ox)

CPX% 6.0 6.3 1.3 7.0 4.0 3.0 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed subhed euhed-subhed subhed subhed-anhed aug wk sieved wk sieved wk res rarely sieved incl(ox) some skeletal incl(ox,symp) incl(ox)

OLIV % <1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 Remarks subhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed Fo78-91, N res res res/fr rims epx o/g pxo/g some epx o/g

OX% <1.0 1.7 1.5 <1.0 1.0 <0.5 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed subhed-anhed subhed

HBL% 0.4 Remarks subhed ox pseudomph

AP% 0.2 <0.5 Remarks subhed euhed brown pi Itbrowmpl

QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 70.0 58.5 63.6 75.0 73.0 84.0 Remarks erypto-micro-X erypto-X, gl micro-X, gl glass-rich crypto-X, gl glass-rich gl rellge Xis sub-pilotax

Xenoliths % <0.5 1.0 Remarks equant equant 0.5mm 1.0-2.0mm pl+gl pl+px+ox

Comments probed point-counted point-counted wkaltn Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 38

SAMPLE TG351 TG353 TG373 TG376 TG381 TG391 Textures holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg holo-X, fg holo-X, fg hypo-X, fg hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc mod porph, gc slr porph, gc slr porph, gc ser 0.1-2.0mm ser 0.1-2.5mm bimod 0.2,lmm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.2-3.0mm ser 0.1-3.0mm non vesic non vesic wk vesic mod vesic wk vesic non vesic

Phenocrysts % 24.0 27.0 26.0 28.0 36.5 39.4

PLAG % 16.0 17.0 17.0 16.0 19.7 27.7 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscil+patch Z oscil Z patch+oscil Z oscilZ An48-82, N oscil+patch Z mod sieved wk sieved wk sieved slr sieved oscil+patch Z mod sieved mod fr res, mod sieved

OPX% 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.0 2.8 2.1 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed subhed-euhed subhed subhed-anhed subhed incl(ox,cpx) incl(ox) incl(ox) green-brown pi En63-69 incl(ox)

CPX% 3.0 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 5.4 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed su bhed-euhed subhed subhed-anhed subhed incl(ox) incl(ox) some granular aug incl(ox) res some pseudomph

OLlV% Remarks

OX% 1.0 2.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.9 Remarks sUbhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed anhed subhed-anhed <0.5mm <0.5mm hblaltn <0.3mm

HBL% <0.5 3.0 6.7 2.2 Remarks subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed subhed-anhed rare brown pi red-brown pi rare brown pi ox pseudo mph ox pseudomph ox rim altn ox pseudo mph

AP% <0.5 0.1 0.1 Remarks euhed-subhed subhed subhed red-brown pi red-brown pi red-brown pi

Groundmass % 75.0 73.0 74.0 69.0 63.5 60.6 Remarks micro-X micro-X, gl micro-X crypto/micro-X crypto/micro-X micro-X, gl Slreakylbanded gl-silicic+ more basic?

Xenoliths % 1.0 <0.5 3.0 Remarks elongate elongate elongate <4.0mm 2.0mm 1O.0-25.0mm pl+px+ox+gl pl+px+ox pl+px+ox+gl

Comments wkaltn wk-mod alto pt-ctd,probed point-counted 2 XI pop wkaltn Appendix 3 Detailed petrographic descriptions for selected samples 39

SAMPLE TG394 TG413 Textures hypo-X, fg hypo-X,!g mod porph, ge mod porpb, ge serO,I-3.0mm ser 0.1-2.0mm wkvesie str vesic

Phenocrysts % 26.0 25.0

PLAG% 16.0 16.4 Remarks euhed-subhed euhed-subhed oscil+patch Z oscilZ str sieved str sieved fr

OPX% 4.0 5.2 Remarks cuhed-subhed subhed-anhed incl(ox) some sieved

CPX% 4.0 3.4 Remarks euhed-subhed subhed-anhed someZ

OLIV % Remarks

OX% 1.0 Remarks subhed-anhed

HBL% 1.0 Remarks subhed-anhed ox pseudomph

AP% <0.5 Remarks subhed red-brown pi <1.0mm QTZ% Remarks

Groundmass % 74.0 73.3 Remarks micro-X, gl crypto-X patchy/streaky glass-rich

Xenoliths % 1.7 Remarks equant 2.0mm pl+px+ox+gl

Comments wkaltn point-counted Petrographic Summaries for General Samples 40

APPENDIX 4 PETROGRAPIDC SUMMARIES FOR GENERAL SAMPLES

Brief descriptions of the 333 samples not described in Appendix 3 are presented in the following tables. Abbreviations are the same as those described in Appendix 3. Phenocryst phases are listed in order of relative abundance. :g::t.

;:! '"\:>... Sam~le Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst ~hases Groundmass Comments l=;. TG002 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>ox>cpx»oliv micro-X, intersertal, gl <1 % fsp xen -I::.. TG003 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx=ox micro-X, intersertal, gl <0.5% fsp xen TG004 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx micro-X, intersertal, gl str sieved plag, 4% fsp+qtz xen ..... C3""'" TG005 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag OQ

TG007 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen "(j~ ;::. TG008 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, intersertal, gl mod sieved plag, 4% fsp xen <=i. TG009 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx micro/crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen l::'"" TG011 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen 3 3 TG012 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»oliv>ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen l:l.... TG013 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ~. '"" TG014 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag ~.... TG015 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>oliv micro-X, gl mod sieved plag OQ TG016 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ;:!'" TG017 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag> >opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax mod sieved plag ['" TG018 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox>oliv micro-X, gl wk sieved plag l:l'"" TG019 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax mod sieved plag, 1 % fsp xen ~ TG021 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»oliv=ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen !;' TG022 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax, banded str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen '"" TG023 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»oliv micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG024 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»oliv micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG025 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»oliv micro-X, gl str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG026 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox>oliv micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG027 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG028 holo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox micro-X mod sieved plag, ox=hematite TG029 hypo-X, vfg aphyric 1% cpx cryptolmicro-X, glass-rich 4% qtz+fsp xen TG033 hypo-X, vfg aphyric 2% plag+cpx cryptolmicro-X, glass-rich <1 % hbl-dacite lithic inclusions TG034 hypo-X, vfg aphyric, pilotax 4% plag+cpx micro-X, gl, pilotax <1 % hbl-dacite lithic inclusions TG037 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG038 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag> >opx>cpx micro-X mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG039 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 2% fsp xen TG040 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx=cpx>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag

~ ...... 'IJ-6" ;:::'11 Sample Crystamnity Texture Phenocryst phases Groundmass Comments :::;.!:l.. TG041 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 3% fsp xen ~ TG042 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>>cpx micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen "1:J TG043 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx micro-X, rellge Xis, gl mod sieved plag ...'11 (3 TG044 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>>opx>cpx micro-X, glass-rich, bdd mod sieved plag, 2% fsp xen iiQ ~ TG046 holo-X, mg mod porph, hbl>plag»opx>ox micro-X, rellge Xis 't:j ;::- TG048 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag> >opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag C::;. TG049 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl <1 % fsp xen :::: '";; TG050 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag ;; TG052 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich \:)...., ;:;;. TG053 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag '" TG054 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro/crypto-X, gl, sub-pilotax some fr plag, 1% fsp xen Is>..., TG056 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro/crypto-X, gl, sub-pilotax some fr piag, 2% fsp xen iiQ '11 ;::: TG057 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sievedlfr plag '11 TG060 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl str sieved+fr pJag ~ TG061 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, gl 5% fsp xen - TG062 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, gJ <1 % fsp xen, wk altn TG065 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx»cpx>ox micro/crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG066 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag TG067 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG069 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, gl, patchy 1.5cm mg wall rock fragment TG070 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx2CPX»OX micro/crypto-X, gl wk altn TG071 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn TG073 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, 3% fsp xen TG075 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc pJag»opx>>cpx>ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG076 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>>opx>cpx> >ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag TG077 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved/fr plag TG078 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx»cpx>ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag TG079 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx»cpx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG081 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, 3% fsp xen TG082 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx2opx>ox micro-X, gJ, sub-pilotax mod sieved plag, wk altn TG083 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved piag, <1 % fsp xen

.(:::.. tv '1;:l~ ::: '"~ Sam)!le Crystallinity Texture PhenocrYst )!hases Groundmass Comments ~- TG085 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag ~ TG087 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx:::cpx»ox:::oliv micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax mod sieved plag '"tl TG088 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox:::oliv crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag '"...... 0 OQ TG089 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx::: opx»ox::: oliv micro-X, gl, pilotax mod sieved plag, mod oxidation ..... TG090 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox:::oliv crypto-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag {; ~ TG091 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved/fr plag c:;- TG092 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag> >cpx>opx> >ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag :;::'"' TG093 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox ~ micro-X str sieved plag ~ TG094 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag ~..... ~- TG096 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opncpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, patchy mod sieved/fr plag, wk altn '"' TG097 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag»cpx>opx»ox micro-X wk sieved plag ~..... TG099 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl 5% fsp xen OQ '"::: TGIOI hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag> >opx=cpx> >ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag '" TGI04 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx:::opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag [ TG105 hypo-X, fg mod porph cpx:::plag>oliv>opx crypto/micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk sieved plag 13 TG106 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag>opx>cpx>oliv micro-X, gl wk sieved plag ~ ~ TGlO7 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag::: oliv>cpx>opx crypto/micro-X, gl, pilotax mod sieved plag '"' TGlO9 hypo-X, fg mod porph, plag:::cpx>oliv:::opx micro-X, gl, rellge XIs, pilotax mod sieved plag, wk altn TGlII hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, mod altn (hematite) TG1l3 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, gl TGll4 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TGll6 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag>cpx>opx:::oliv micro-X, gl, rellge XIs mod sieved plag, str oxidised TGl17 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag:::cpx>oliv>opx micro-X, gl, rellge XIs wk sieved plag, wk altn TG1l8 hypo-X, fg mod porph cpx>plag>oliv>opx crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG1l9 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag=cpx>olinopx micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, mod oxidised TGl20 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag>cpx>opx»ox micro-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag, mod oxidised TGl23 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag>cpx::: opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TGl27 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag:::cpx>opx:::oliv crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag TGl28 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag:::cpx>oliv:::opx crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag TGl29 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag:::cpx>olinopx glass-rich str sieved plag TG130 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag>cpx>oliv>opx micro-X, gl mod sieved plag TGl31 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>cpx»oliv>opx crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag .j:::.. w ;l:.. ~ (\) ;:: \::>.. Saml!le Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst l!hases Groundmass Comments ):;" TG132 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag -r... TG133 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag> >cpx>opx>oliv ~ ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag '1::l (\) TG137 hypo-X, fg aphyric «1 % plag+hbl crypto-X, glass-rich ..... 2% plag-hbl lithic incIns, mod oxidised C3 TG138 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, 2% fsp xen OQ.... TG139 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>cpx>opx>oliv»ox crypto/micro-X, gl 1% fsp xen .§ ~ TG141 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag ;::;" TG142 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl 1% fsp xen '";;: ~ TG143 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl 4% fsp xen ;::,~ TG144 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>oliv~ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag .... ~" TG145 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl some fr plag, wk altn '" TG147 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag> >cpx~ opx>oliv>ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn ~.... OQ TG148 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl some fr plag, wk altn (\) ;:: TG149 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~ opx»ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, mod altn (\) TG150 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>oliv~opx»ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ~ TG151 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx~oliv>ox micro-X, gl, patchy str sieved/fr plag, 2% fsp xen, mod altn ~ TG153 hypo-X, fg wkporph, gc cpx»oliv~opx crypto-X, glass-rich 4% qtz xen ~ ~ TG154 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~ opx>hbl>ox>o liv>qtz micro-X, gl str sieved plag, res qtz '" TG155 holo-X, fg mod porph plag»cpx~ opx>hbl>oliv>ox micro-X, rei Ige Xis str sieved p1ag TG157 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, wk oxidised? TG158 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag TG159 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag>cpx>oli v=hbb opx>ox micro-X str sieved plag TG162 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag> >opx~ cpx»ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, 2% fsp xen, wk oxidised TG164 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG165 hypo-X, fg aphyric 1% cpx+opx+oliv crypto-X, glass-rich str oxidised, 1% fsp xen TGI67 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod oxidised (esp opx rims) TG168 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox micro-X, gl 2% fsp xen, wkaltn TG171 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox micro-X, gl, rei Ige Xis wk sieved plag, wk altn TG173 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG174 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG175 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk oxidised TG176 hypo-X, fg aphyric 1-2% plag+cpx crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag TG177 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn +>- +>- ~ '1:J ;:s '">:l.. Sam)!le C!:!staUinity Texture Phenocryst )!hases Groundmass Comments ~. TG179 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx2cpx»ox crypto-X, gl <1% fsp xen -I<.. TG180 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>>ox crypto-X, gl <1% fsp xen '"1:! TG181 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox micro-X, gl, rellge XIs mod sieved plag ....'" TGI83 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag, cpx»ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn >@ ;::;- TG185 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl, rellge XIs mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen ;::;. TG186 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen '":;:: TG187 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pIag»opx2cpx»ox ~ micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ~ ~ TG189 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag ::I. TGI90 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag '" TG191 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx:2Cpx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag 'tr.... TG193 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, glass-rich, banded str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen C'JQ ;:s TG194 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox crypto-X, gl, pilotax, banded str sieved plag '" TG197 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen '"~ TG198 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto/micro-X, gl str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen l:l TG199 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox crypto/micro-X, gl str sieved plag, wk altn ~ 1;;'" TG200 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag>cpx>oliv>opx glass-rich str sieved plag '" TG201 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG202 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox micro-X, gl, pilotax mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG203 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, pilotax mod sieved plag, < 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG204 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich, patchy wk sieved plag, wk oxidised TG207 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, TG208 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpnopx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG209 hypo-X, fg modporph plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag TG210 hypo-X, fg wkporph plag»opx>cpx>oliv>ox glass-rich wk sieved plag TG211 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc pJag»opx>cpx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl, banded mod sieved plag TG213 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox glass-rich mod sieved plag TG215 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG216 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG217 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG218 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn TG219 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn .t>- v.. ~ ~ n, ;::: ~ Sam[!le Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst [!hases Groundmass Comments ~- TG220 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl 1% fsp xen, str oxidised """'- TG22 I hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl <1 % fsp xen, wk altn "'t1 n, hypo-X, fg .... TG222 mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl < I % fsp xen, wk altn (3 TG223 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl 1% fsp xen, str oxidised OQ.... TG224 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx crypto-X, gl, patchylbanded wk sieved plag ,g ::::- TG225 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag r;- TG226 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn .::'" TG227 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag»opx>cpx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl, pilotax ~ wk sieved plag, wk altn ~ TG228 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl \:l mod altn n;-.... TG229 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax wk altn '" TG230 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax I % fsp xen, wk altn ~.... OQ TG23 I hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk altn n, ;::: TG233 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto-X, gl 2 % fsp xen, wk altn n, TG234 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn ~ TG235 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk fr plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn '"\:l TG236 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag ~ n;- TG237 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, str oxidised '" TG239 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, banded wk altn TG241 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox glass-rich qtz crypto/micro-X, gl, banded wk altn TG246 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag TG247 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn, banded TG248 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto/micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag TG249 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG250 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox glass-rich mod sieved plag, wk altn TG251 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn TG252 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG253 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag TG254 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn TG255 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx»oliv>ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, xen .j:::.. 0\ ~ ~ ;::: '">:l.. Saml!le Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst I!hases Groundmass Comments ~. TG256 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, mod oxidised -I::.. TG257 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox cryptolmicro-X, gl, patchy mod sieved plag, mod altn "'i:I TG258 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx»ox ... cryptolmicro-X, gl mod sieved plag, mod altn '"Cl TG259 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx>oliv»ox cryptolmicro-X, gl wk sieved plag, mod altn (}Q.... TG260 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx»ox cryptolmicro-X, gl wk sieved plag, mod altn {i ;:::- TG261 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag, wk altn c;. TG263 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox glass- and ox-rich wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen $::'" TG266 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc ::l plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, glass-rich, sub-pilotax <1% fsp xen ::l TG274 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox>oliv micro-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag l::l ....C;;. TG275 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl 1% fsp xen '" TG276 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox cryptolmicro-X, gl 2% fsp xen, str oxidised ~.... TG277 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag (}Q ;::: TG278 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox cryptolmicro-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen '" TG281 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ['" TG282 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox>oliv micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen l::l'" TG284 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>oliv>ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag. ~ c;;- TG285 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag '" TG286 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG287 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>hbi>cpx>ox»ap cryptolmicro-X str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG290 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>hbi>ox>ap crypto-X, gl str sieved plag, mod altn TG291 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»hbl>ox>ap crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, wk altn TG293 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>ap cryptolmicro-X, gl, banded str frlsieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG294 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>oliv>ox>ap cryptolmicro-X, gl str sieved plag TG295 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>hbl>ox>oliv>ap micro-X, gl str sieved plag TG296 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox> ?hbi>ap cryptolmicro-X, gl mod frlsieved plag, wk altn TG297 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>hbl>ap micro-X, re1lge Xis, pilotax mod fr/sieved plag, wk altn TG298 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>ap micro-X, gl, sub-pilotax str sieved plag, mod oxidised, wk altn TG299 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>oliv micro-X, gl str sieved plag TG301 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>ox>oliv micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk oxidised TG302 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox cryptolmicro-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG303 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG304 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen .j:;:.. -....l "tj~ ;:z'" ~ Saml!ie Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst l!hases Groundmass Comments ~. TG305 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, < 1% fsp xen -I::.. TG306 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>oliv>ox glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen "tJ TG307 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox ('0 crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag -d TG308 hypo-X, fg wkporph plag>oliv>cpx>opx>ox micro-X, gl, reIIge XIs mod sieved plag OQ ~ TG309 holo-X, fg mod porph plag»cpx>opx>ox>oliv micro-X wk sieved plag, qtz+fsp xen, wk altn ""d ;:s- TG311 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl wk sieved/fr plag, mod oxidation/altn '"-. TG312 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich wk sieved pIag, <1 % fsp xen :;:'" TG313 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, glass-rich ~ wk sieved plag, wk oxidised ~ TG314 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>oliv>ox glass-rich, eutaxitic mod sieved plag .....\::l ~. TG316 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx::>:cpx>ox>oliv very glass-rich (It & dk brown) mod sieved plag ~'" TG319 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, str oxidised ..... TG320 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich wk sieved plag OQ ;:z TG321 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx=opx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn '" TG322 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox crypto/micro-X, gl, banded str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen '"~ TG323 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, str oxidised ~ TG324 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich, banded wk sieved plag, 2% fsp xen, wk altn ~ TG325 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx::>:cpx>oliv>ox crypto/micro-X, gl, banded mod sieved plag ~ TG326 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl wk altn '" TG327 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox glass-rich, banded mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG328 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, pilotax wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG329 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, wk altn TG330 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx>ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, 1 % fsp xen, wk altn TG331 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, banded <1% fsp xen TG333 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, mod oxidised TG336 hypo-X, fg mod poprh, gc plag>>opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl, banded wk sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG337 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich, banded mod sieved/fr plag, wk altn TG338 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx::>:cpx»ox crypto-X, gl, banded wk sieved/fr plag, 1% fsp xen, wk altn TG339 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gI, sub-pilotax wk sieved/fr plag,cpx>oliv>opx»ox crypto-X, gl str sieved plag TG343 hypo-X, fg mod porph plag>cpx>oliv>opx>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, wk altn TG344 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag .j::. 00 :g~ "":::: SamI!le Cn:stallinity Texture Phenocryst I!hases Groundmass Comments ;:;"~ TG345 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag -I::.. TG346 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, mod oxidised '1::1 TG347 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox ..... micro-X, rellge XIs, glass-rich str sieved plag d"" TG348 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen OQ i:l TG349 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen "1::1 ::::- TG350 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag ;:)" TG352 holo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>ox>cpx crypto/micro-X wk sieved plag, wk altn l:::'" ;:l TG354 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, gl <1 % fsp xen, wk altn ;:l TG355 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn ....,$:) n;" TG356 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>ox>oliv crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, wk altn '" TG357 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl wk sieved plag ~...., TG358 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl wk sieved plag OQ ::::"" TG359 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx»ox micro-X, rellge XIs, glass-rich str sieved plag, wk oxidised "" TG360 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen ~ TG361 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen '"$:) TG362 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, ~ n;-- TG363 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen '" TG364 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG365 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl»ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG366 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>hbl»ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG367 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox micro-X str sieved plag TG368 hypo-X, fg str poq:ih, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox>oliv micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag TG369 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox>oliv micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag TG370 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx»ox>hbl micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn TG371 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>ox>ap crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn TG372 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>ox>ap crypto/micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, mod altn TG374 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>oliv>ox micro-X, gl str frlsieved plag TG375 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx~ hbl>ox micro-X, sub-pilotax mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, mod altn TG377 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~ opx»ox>ap micro-X, gl str sieved plag TG378 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~ opx>hbl>oliv>ox>ap micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG379 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>oliv>ox>ap micro-X, gl str sieved plag TG380 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>ox micro-X, gl, pilotax str sieved/fr plag, <1 % fsp xen ~ \0 :g;:J:. '";::: Sam~le Cnstallinity Texture PhenocrIst ~hases Groundmass Comments ;:;.I::l.. TG382 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx=cpx>hbl>ox>o!iv>ap micro-X, gl wk sieved plag .f>. TG383 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx2: opx>ox>ap micro-X, gl mod sieved/fr plag TG384 holo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>ox micro-X, pilotax mod sieved plag ... '"Cl TG385 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>ox>ap crypto-X, gl mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, mod altn 0<:> ~ TG386 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>oliv>ox>ap crypto/micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, mod altn "i:l ;::-- TG387 holo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbl>ox micro-X str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen, mod altn -. TG388 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc " plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn '"";::: TG389 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc ;:! plag»cpx>opx>oliv>hbl>ox>ap micro-X, gl str sieved/fr plag, wk altn ;:! TG390 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc piag»cpx>opx>ox>ap crypto/micro-X, gl \:) mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen :::3. TG392 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpxi: opx>hbi>ox>ap crypto/micro-X, gl, patchy str fr/sieved plag, wk altn '"'"" TG393 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>hbi>ox>ap crypt/micro-X, gl, patchy str sieved/fr plag ~ TG395 holo-X, fg str porph, gc piag»cpx>opx>ox micro-X, relige XIs wk sieved plag, rei Ige cpx gc, wk altn 0<:>'" TG396 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox '";::: crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, opx>oliv>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn (esp oliv) ~ TG401 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv micro-X, gl mod sieved plag '""\:) TG403 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:CPx>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, mod altn ~ ~ TG405 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox>oliv crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved piag, 2% fsp xen to, TG406 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv>ox micro-X, very glass-rich mod sieved plag (&opx), 2% fsp xen TG411 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»qtz crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved piag, 1% fsp xen, wk oxidation TG412 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:cpx>oliv crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, < 1 % fsp xen, wk oxidation TG500 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:CpX crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG501 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:CPx>ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, 1 % fsp xen TG502 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, glass-rich, sub-pilotax str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG503 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi: cpx>ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG504 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx2:CPx>ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, 4% fsp xen, wk oxidation TG505 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:Cpx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved piag, <1 % fsp xen TG506 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opxi:CPx>ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen, fr & altd px TG507 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx2:CPx>ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG508 hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox micro-X, gl, rellge XIs str sieved plag, 1% fsp xen TG509 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG510 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpxi: opx> >ox micro-X, gi str sieved plag, 1 % fsp xen TG511 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx»ox crypto/micro-X, gl str sieved p\ag, <1 % fsp xen VI 0 Sample Crystallinity Texture Phenocryst phases Groundmass Comments TG512 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx~cpx»ox micro-X, gl str sieved plag, 5% fsp xen TG513 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx~opx>ox crypto-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, < 1% fsp xen, lithics TG520 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag TG521 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oJiv»ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG522 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag TG523 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc pIag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, wk oxidised TG524 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich, sub-pilotax mod sieved pJag TG525 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich mod sieved plag, wk oxidised TG526 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen TG527 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc pIag»cpx~opx>oIiv>ox micro-X, gl mod sieved plag, wk altn TG528 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»cpx>opx>oliv»ox micro-X, gI, sub-pilotax mod sieved piag TG529 hypo-X, fg str porph, gc plag> >cpx>opx>oliv>>ox micro-X, glass-rich str sieved plag, <1 % fsp xen Tn89 holo-X, fg str porph, gc plag»opx>cpx>hbl>ox micro-X, rellge XIs wk sieved plag, wk altn Tn144d hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag~hbl>opx>ox glass-rich, eutaxitic mod sieved plag, very fresh hbl . Tn144e hypo-X, fg mod porph, gc plag~hbl>opx=cpx>ox glass-rich, crypto-X mod sieved piag, < 1% fsp xen Modal Percent Phenocryst Proportions 52

APPENDIX 5 MODAL PERCENT PHENOCRYST PROPORTIONS FOR POINT-COUNTED REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLES

Thirty-five samples representing a range of rock types and all of the volcanic stratigraphic units were chosen for point-counting. One thousand points per thin section were counted to yield the modal % proportions of phenocryst phases. Abbreviations are: Volcwstrat unit NGA == Ngauruhoe (TGOO1,OlO,020,163,205,288,413) RED == Red Crater (TG 112,135) BLUE == Blue Lake (TG214) TEMARI == Te Mari Craters (TG282) YGPKAI == Young Pukekaikiore (TG152) NORTH == North Crater (TG 192) PNAKE == Pukeonake (TG280) YGNEOT == Young NE Oturere (TG262) SWWAI == SW Waihohonu (TG292) SWOT == SW Oturere (TG055,074,084,182,232) NTONG == North Tongariro (TG147,352) PKAI == Pukekaikiore (TG265) TAMA2 == Tama 2 cone (TG300,378,381,391) NEOT == NE Oturere (TG047,103,115,117,242) TAMA1 =Tama 1 cone (TG028,136)

Rock type BA == basaltic andesite A == andesite D == dacite ).. ~ SAMPLE TGOOl TG010 TG020 TG028 TG047 TG055 TG074 TG084 TG103 TG112 TG115 TG117 (I>;::s !:l.. ~. V. V ole-stmt unit NGA NGA NGA TAMAI NEOT SWOT SWOT SWOT NEOT RED NEOT NEOT Rock BA A BA A A D A A A BA BA A ~ ~ "<::l ('l) ~ (I>...;::s Phenocrysts % 35.4 35.3 36.2 35.2 30.1 40.9 23.9 33.4 40.0 28.0 12.3 18.3 "<::l ;:r. ~ t::l PLAG% 20.0 20.8 22.7 27.9 21.5 31.3 19.9 23.8 30.5 13.4 2.1 7.6 ("') ~... OPX% 10.0 10.4 5.0 3.6 3.9 3.1 1.9 5.7 6.1 1.0 0.8 3.7 "<::l ;:s CPX% 5.2 3.8 7.9 2.7 3.5 3.8 0.7 3.5 2.2 9.5 4.6 6.1 "15 t::l OUV% 0.2 4.1 4.6 0.9 ::::tg' OX% 0.3 0.6 1.0 1.2 2.7 1.4 0.4 1.2 0.2 '"' HBL% AP% QTZ%

Groundmass % 63.2 58.7 63.8 64.8 69.9 58.9 76.0 66.6 60.0 72.0 87.7 81.7

Xenoliths % 1.4 6.0 0.2 0.1 ";:i~ SAMPLE TG135 TG136 TG147 TG152 TG163 TG182 TG192 TG205 TG214 TG232 TG242 TG262 ;::s I:l.. };. V, V olc-strat unit RED TAMA 1 NTONG YGPKAI NGA SWOT NORTH NGA BLUE SWOT NEaT YGNEOT Rock type A A A A BA A A A A A A A ~ ~ "\::! ~ ;::s Phenocrysts % 34.9 31.5 26.0 14.0 36.6 36.7 35.6 26.4 29.1 29.1 28.1 21.9 .... "\::!::s- ;::s PLAG% 21.3 11.6 16.7 0.9 24.3 28.5 19.0 22.9 19.1 19.7 17.1 14.5 ~"'" 1.2 7.5 4.4 9.6 1.2 4.2 3.2 ..... OPX% 2.6 0.8 5.4 6.9 5.0 "\::!'" Cl CPX% 8.1 3.0 8.2 2.7 1.9 4.2 1.4 2.5 3.4 6.8 3.8 ";:i OLlV% 1.0 0.4 3.6 0.6 2.1 '"~. '";::s OX% 1.9 0.8 0.5 0.1 1.5 1.9 0.7 0.9 0.6 1.0 0.4 '" HBL% 18.3 AP% QTZ%

Groundmass % 65.1 68.5 74.0 86.0 63.3 63.3 64.4 68.6 70.9 69.1 71.9 78.0

Xenoliths % 0.1 5.0 1.8 0.1 ~ SAMPLE TG265 TG280 TG282 TG288 TG292 TG300 TG352 TG378 TG381 TG391 TG413 ;:s '"~ ~. VJ V olc-strat unit PKAI PNAKE TEMARI NGA SWWAI TAMA2 NTONG TAM A 2 TAMA2 TAM A 2 NGA Rock type A BA A A A BA D A A A BA ~ ~ '\:l '";:s ....'";:s Phenocrysts % 27.1 33.2 38.0 30.8 41.5 36.4 37.2 30.2 36.5 39.4 25.0 '\:l ;:s.. ;:s '"a PLAG% 19.9 10.9 28.0 14.9 25.9 26.3 29.2 17.7 19.7 27.7 16.4 ("') ~ OPX% 2.5 4.8 6.2 3.5 7.0 7.3 5.3 4.4 2.8 2.1 5.2 ...."" '\:l.... CPX% 3.8 15.0 3.2 8.9 6.3 1.3 1.1 5.1 5.0 5.4 3.4 {l a OLIV% 0.3 2.4 2.7 0.4 .... ::l".a ;:s OX% 0.4 0.1 0.6 0.8 1.7 1.5 1.6 0.8 1.0 1.9 "" HBL% 0.2 0.4 1.7 6.7 2.2 AP% 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 QTZ% 1.2

Groundmass % 72.9 66.8 62.0 69.2 58.5 63.6 62.8 69.3 63.5 60.6 73.3

Xenoliths % 0.5 1.7 Petrographic Descriptions of Selected Xenoliths 56

APPENDIX 6 PETROGRAPHIC DESCRIPTIONS OF SELECTED XENOLITHS

Xenoliths of various kinds occur in most Tongariro lavas. Petrographic features of some of the more conspicuous xenoliths encountered in thin sections of lava samples, together with several larger xenoliths collected specifically for thin sectioning are described. Mineral proportions, where given, are visual estimates only. Hand specimen descriptions are reserved for the larger xenolith samples. Xenolith-host lava contacts are described for xenolith thin sections which also contain some host rock.

TGOOI FELDSPATHIC XENOLITHS Ngauruhoe 1870 basaltic andesite flow

Thin section contains 9 subroundedJelongate (0.4-2.2 mm long) feldspathic xenoliths which have irregular margins, often with subhedral-euhedral plagioclase crystals protruding into host groundmass. The xenoliths have a subhedral-equigranular, fine-grained (0.01-0.2 nun) texture. Mineralogy is dominated by euhedral-subhedral (rarely anhedral), stubby tabular to square plagioclase crystals, some of which are twinned and/or zoned and contain fine inclusions of glass and opaque minerals. Sparse, anhedral-subhedral orthopyroxene crystals occur interstitial to the plagioclase and are often confined to the centre of the xenolith, as are rare subhedral-anhedral Fe-Ti oxides. Medium to dark brown glass (some of which is partly devitrified) occurs interstitially and completely surrounds some crystals. The textures and mineralogy of these xenoliths are typical of many of the feldspathic xenoliths which occur in most Tongariro lavas. Other typical examples (not described here) are contained in thin sections TG073, TG081 and TG099. Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 57

TG004 QUARTZITE XENOLITHS Ngauruhoe 1870 basaltic andesite flow

Thin section contains three subangular to subrounded quartzite xenoliths, 2-5 rum diameter, having generally smooth contacts with host lava. They are essentially pure quartz in a granoblastic mosaic. Weak undulose extinction is shown by some larger «1.2 rum) grains in one of the xenoliths. Average grain size is c.0.2 rum. One xenolith has a relatively coarse central band (grains 0.2-0.5 rum diameter) surrounded by much finer-grained crystals «0.05 rum) "floating" in colourless glass.

TG008 FELDSPATHIC XENOLITHS Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Thin section contains relatively abundant (4%) subrounded equant to elongate (0.5-2.0 rum) feldspathic xenoliths. Many have similar textures to those in TGOOl, but some xenoliths contain anhedral-subhedral crystals with irregular serrated grain boundaries and little or no interstitial glass, giving an overall impression of an irregular "mosaic" of intergrown or recrystallised grains.

TG021A QUARTZO-FELDSPATHIC XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White "sugary" xenolith (2.5x2.0 cm) with patches of pale orange-green alteration products. Textures. Medium-grained granoblastic mosaic comprising irregular patches of coarse grained quartz (0.2-1.5 rum) and generally finer-grained sanidine, wollastonite and clinopyroxene «0.5 rum, except for some large poikiloblastic sanidine crystals <3 rum). Significant melt is present in the form of glass at grain boundaries and in small patches Quartz. (60%) Anhedral grains <1.5 rum. Most grains are clear but some larger grains display undulose extinction. Colourless glass present at grain boundaries. Some lattice preferred orientation occurs in patches, but is not pervasive throughout the xenolith. Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 58

Sanidine. (30%) Anhedral grains generally <0.5 mm, but some poikiloblasts <3 mm. Mesoperthitic texture developed in some grains. All feldspar is a secondary, high temperature variety of the sanidinite facies. Wollastonite. (7%) Subhedral-anhedral, fibrous crystals <0.5 mm long. Clinopyroxene. (3%) Anhedral, <0.2 mm, pale green grains. Some relatively large «1.5 mm), optically continuous anhedral grains are surrounded by glass or sanidine. Some grains contain fluid/melt inclusions. Occurs in association with feldspar crystals.

TG08l FELDSPATHIC XENOLITH SW Oturere andesite lava flow

Thin section contains 2x1 cm subangular feldspathic xenolith, in addition to smaller xenoliths scattered in groundmass. Subhedral-equigranular, fine-grained «0.2 mm) texture; but also some coarser-grained «0.5 mm) irregular "bands". Mineralogy dominated by plagioclase which is euhedral-subhedral tabular and twinned (generally the coarser grains) to anhedral equant (the smaller grains). Plagioclase grains commonly contain fine inclusions of Fe-Ti oxides. About 4% of the xenolith comprises subhedral-anhedral orthopyroxene (0.02-0.5 mm), which typically occurs with the coarser-grained plagioclase. Subhedral equant to anhedral granules of Fe-Ti oxides «0.2 mm) occur throughout the xenolith and probably comprise about 2%. Several large «3 mm) grains of poikiloblastic sanidine (c.1 %) enclose the finer-grained plagioclase and orthopyroxene.

TGl53 QUARTZITE XENOLITHS Pukekaikiore c.l5 ka olivine andesite scoria deposit

Thin section contains one 1x2 cm subrounded quartzite xenolith. Essentially pure quartz in granoblastic mosaic of varying grain size; large (0.5-4.0 mm) and small «0.3 mm) grains. Larger grains are generally elongate with serrated grain boundaries and weak undulose extinction. Smaller grains are more equidimensional, with straight grain boundaries meeting at triple junctions. This is a more irregular texture than most other quartzite xenolith samples. Conspicuous patches of colourless, vesicular glass between Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 59 quartz grains. Discontinuous clinopyroxene-glass reaction zone surrounds xenolith. The quartz is rimmed by a colourless, vesicular, glassy zone <2 mm wide, which in tum is rimmed by a zone <1 mm wide of 0.2-0.6 mm, subhedral, prismatic clinopyroxene.

TG267A PUMICE INCLUSION Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White-orange xenolith (20x15 cm) with weak banding. Textures. Fine-grained. Relict volcanic phenocrysts. Poikilomosaic/snowflake texture. Strongly vesicular; vesicles comprise 30-40% of total rock volume. Sparse devitrified volcanic fragments «1.5 mm). Brown glassy andesite layer «3 mm wide). Sparse quartzite xenoliths (3.0xO.2 mm; 0.8x0.4 mm), one surrounded by pyroxene-glass reaction zone. Glass. Colourless silicic glass comprises over 50% of the rock. Contrasting refractive indices (as observed by Becke lines) indicates the presence of two glass compositions. Feldspar. Sparse, small (0.1-0.4 mm) euhedral plagioclase (moderate relief), and snowflake-texture mosaics of subhedral sanidine crystals. Pyroxene. Rare, small «0.3 mm), subhedral, straight extinction, low birefringence. Fe-Ti oxides. Sparse, anhedral grains <0.1 mm.

TG269 WOLLASTONITE-QUARTZITE XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White "sugary" quartzite xenolith (6x4 cm) with pale green-grey bands and patches of calc-silicate minerals. Textures. Coarse-grained, coarsely banded rock comprising irregular patches of granoblastic quartz mosaics and wollastonite-anorthite-diopside. Thin, irregular trails of calc-silicate minerals also occur within quartz patches, and some cut across the dominant direction of banding. Quartz grains have overgrown the calc-silicate layers in places. Quartz. (63%) Equidimensional anhedral grains (1.2x1.0 mm - 0.05 mm) in granoblastic mosaic. Glass surrounds some grains. Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions jor selected xenoliths 60

Wollastonite. (28%) Euhedral-subhedral tabular (3.5xLO rom 0.2 mm) and fibrous (0.2xO.05 rom - 2.5xO.2 mm) crystals. Radiating fibrous crystal habit predominates. Anorthite. (8%) Small (0.2-0.002 mm) anhedral, twinned crystals. Irregular grain boundaries, with crystals elongate parallel to the layers. Small fluid inclusion bubbles. Diopside. (l %) Sparse, small (0.05-0.2 rom), subhedral-anhedral, colourless grains. Associated more with anorthite and wollastonite, than with quartz.

TG271 QUARTZITE XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White "sugary" xenolith with fine, pale green-grey banding. Textures. Medium-grained, granoblastic quartz mosaic with thin, irregular, fine-grained bands of calc-silicates. Some of the larger quartz grains have overgrown this lithological layering. Cross-cutting patches of calc-silicates occur across the dominant direction of banding. Quartz. (95%) Anhedral grains, 0.7-0.1 rom, in mosaic texture. Colourless glass present at some grain boundaries. Some crystals contain negative crystals and fluid inclusions. Calc-silicates. (5%) Clinopyroxene, wollastonite and anorthite concentrated in fine irregular bands. Bands generally <0.2 rom thick, rarely <1 rom thick (cross-cutting patches). Some lattice preferred orientation in calc-silicates.

WOLLASTONITE-QUARTZITE XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White "sugary" xenolith (3x2 cm). Textures. Coarse-grained, coarsely banded rock comprising irregular patches of granoblastic quartz mosaics and wollastonite-anorthite-diopside. Thin, irregular bands of calc-silicates cross-cut the quartz and are overgrown by larger quartz grains in places. Quartz. (64%) Equidimensional anhedral grains (0.5 mm - 2.0xl.5 mm) in mosaic texture. Colourless glass at grain boundaries. Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 61

Wollastonite. (20%) Subhedral blade-like to fibrous crystals <1.5 mm long. Rare tabular crystals display 2 cleavages at 90°. Anorthite. (15%) Small «0.2 mm) anhedral, and rare larger «1 mm) twinned crystals. Diopside. (1 %) Sparse, anhedral crystals generally <0.4 mm, but also very rare large subhedral crystals <2 mm.

TG282A FELDSPATHIC XENOLITH Upper Te Mad Crater c.1500AD lava flow

Hand specimen. Pale grey subangular xenolith (7x3 cm). Textures. Fine-grained. Equigranular plagioclase cross-cut by patches «3 mm long) of optically continuous, lath-like to acicular pyroxene grains. One distinctly coarser band (1.5 mm thick) near xenolith margin comprises relatively large «1 mm) feldspar, pyroxene and Fe-Ti oxide crystals. Feldspar. (93%) Small (0.05-0.5 mm) subhedral-anhedral, square to stubby tabular, twinned plagioclase crystals of random orientation (no shape or lattice preference). Many crystals surrounded with brown glass, and some crystals have finely sieved cores. Pyroxene. (4%) Small «0.2 mm, but some <1 mm) anhedral-subhedral orthopyroxene and clinopyroxene crystals. Many have an elongate crystal habit and occur in optically continuous radiating clusters or bands. Cross-cutting relationships between clusterslbands. Fe-Ti oxides. (2%) Small «0.1 mm) subhedral-anhedral grains. One elongate (2 mm long) band of Fe-Ti oxides in the coarser band near xenolith margin. Glass. (1 %) Pale to medium brown interstitial glass surrounds the crystals.

TG530 CORDIERITE·CALCSILICATE XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen is a large (30x20 cm), tough, massive white rock with grey flecks. In thin section, euhedral-subhedral sector-twinned cordierite «0.5 mm) occurs clustered in patches and as single crystals throughout the xenolith. Some cordierite grains appear to be pseudomorphs «1.2 mm long) of feldspar phenocrysts - which were probably first hydrothermally altered to clay before being altered to cordierite. The remainder of the Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 62

xenolith is composed of fine-grained to amorphous, anhedral to subhedral, generally moderate-high relief, low birefringence calc-silicate minerals, identified by XRD analysis as anorthite, tridymite and sillimanite.

TG531 WOLLASTONITE-QUARTZITE XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Hand specimen. White "sugary" xenolith (8x5 cm) with pale grey bands and patches. Xenolith-lava contact. Very smooth, sharp xenolith boundary (quartz grains broken across boundary) is surrounded by a distinct 3-5 mm wide zone of pale brown, highly vesicufar, glassy porphyritic andesite, which in tum has an irregular but distinct boundary with an 8- 15 mm wide zone of medium brown glassy andesite, which has an anastomosing irregular boundary with the dark brown andesite furthest from the xenolith. Textures. Medium-coarse grained. Coarse bands/patches of granoblastic quartz mosaics and calc-silicate minerals. Thin irregular bands of calc-silicates cross-cut quartz and are overgrown by large quartz grains in places. Quartz. (70%) Granoblastic mosaic of quartz with straight grain boundaries meeting at triple point junctions. Grains generally 0.3-1.0 mm, but also some finer-grained patches of grains <0.3 mm. Colourless glass at some grain boundaries. Calc-silicates. (30%) Dominantly wollastonite (elongate crystals <1 mm long), with clinopyroxene (subhedral-anhedral crystals <0.6 mm), and anorthite. Minor opaques.

TG532 BANDED FELDSPATHIC XENOLITH Ngauruhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

Pale to medium grey banded xenolith (5x3 cm). Two distinct bands «10 mm wide) of fine grained «0.05 mm) anhedral plagioclase (moderate relief) and opaques, surrounded by vesicular glassy andesite bands. Irregular, thin vesicular bands and patches also occur within the feldspathic layers. Aligned subhedral tabular plagioclase crystals «0.4 mm long) appear to define planes of flow-banding in a volcanic rock. Finer-grained plagioclase represents devitrification products. Appendix 6 Petrographic descriptions for selected xenoliths 63

TG534 GLASSY VESICULATED QUARTZO·FELDSPATIDC XENOLITH Ngaurnhoe 1975 pyroclastic avalanche deposit

White-grey, vesiculated, fragmented xenolith (7x4 cm). Colourless, vesicular glass containing small euhedral crystals of orthopyroxene and opaques, surrounds discontinuous bands (1-10 mm wide) and subangular fragments of granoblastic quartz mosaics (± calc silicates) and banded feldspar-opaque material. Irregular but sharp contact with host andesite; bands of andesite occur between glassy vesicular zones and quartzoselfeldspathic fragments. Geochemical Analyses of Selected Xenoliths 64

APPENDIX 7 GEOCHEMICAL ANALYSES OF SELECTED XENOLITHS

The small size «2 cm) of most xenoliths made it impractical to obtain geochemical analyses. In any case, xenoliths were not the main focus of the geochemical study. However, an indication of xenolith compositions is presented here using three xenoliths which were analysed for major & trace element and isotopic composition. These results are also incorporated in the data set in Appendix 13.

Major elements and eight of the trace elements were analysed by the Canterbury University XRF. Trace elements analysed by the Royal Holloway & Bedford New College (RHBNC) XRF are: Sc, Cu, Zn, La, Ce, Nd, Y, Nb, Pb, Th. The rationale for using a combination of data from different labs is explained in Appendix S (Section AS.S). Radiogenic isotope data were obtained from RHBNC (see Appendix S, Section AS.6). Major elements in weight %, trace elements in parts per million (ppm). na = not analysed. Appendix 7 Geochemical analyses of selected xenoliths 65

TG267B TG269 TG273B wollastonite wollastonite quartzite quartzite quartzite

SiOz 63.87 71.59 89.73 TiOz 0040 0.01 0.01 Ah0 3 9.26 2.09 4.53

FeZ03 1.81 0.93 0.50 MoO 0.13 0.13 0.04 MgO 0.70 0.32 0.12 CaO 21.57 23.89 4.00 NazO 1.38 0.12 0.31 KzO 0040 0.03 0.02 PzOs 0.13 0.02 0.03 LOI 0.83 0.72 0.20 TOTAL 100048 99.85 99048

Sc 7.0 1.0 1.6 V 38.0 13.0 14.0 Cr 32.0 4.0 3.0 Ni 11.0 7.0 7.0 Cu 6.5 8.1 2304 Zo 44.7 17.0 16.9 Ga 23.0 11.0 12.0 Rb 11.0 4.0 1.0 Sr 694.0 493.0 119.0 Ba 114.0 35.0 39.0 La 29.7 104 1.0 Ce 52.0 0.4 1.0 Nd 2204 1.7 1.1 Y 17.3 3.3 1.0 Zr 192.0 10.0 5.0 Nb 4.6 0.2 0.3 Pb 3.8 0.8 0.3 Th 6.7 0.1 1.0

87Sr16Sr 0.708169 0.708008 0.707559 143Ndll44Nd 0.512431 0.512400 0.512531 ENd -4.0 -4.6 -2.1 206PbP04Pb 18.853 18.756 na 207PbP04Pb 15.659 15.649 na 208pbP04Pb 38.765 38.714 na Analytical Procedures 66

APPENDIX 8 ANALYTICAL PROCEDURES

AS.1 K-Ar AGE DETERMINATIONS

Samples from 54 Tongariro lava flows or pyroclastic units were selected for K-Ar age determination on the basis of stratigraphic position and petrography (non-vesicular, non-porous, evenly holocrystalline, unaltered). One sample (TG035) was collected from a Ruapehu-derived lava overlying Tongariro lavas in the Tama Lakes area. Ages were determined by Dr M.A. Lanphere at US Geological Survey, Menlo Park. Twelve of the age determinations, which are not presented in this thesis, are either extremely young with large error bars, contained excess (atmospheric) argon, or yielded no useable data.

The rock samples were collected from the freshest portions of the deposits, crushed, ground and sized. The 0.5-1.0 mm fraction was used for argon analysis by isotope dilution spectroscopy using an 38 Ar tracer and techniques outlined by Dalrymple and Lanphere (1969). Potassium was measured on material ground to <0.074 nun using the lithium metaborate fusion technique and flame photometry (Ingamells, 1970). Details on measurement techniques and error estimation can be found in Hildreth and Lanphere (1994). Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 67

AS.2 ELECTRON :MICROPROBE ANALYSIS

Mineral analyses for 24 Tongarirosamples (and 1 Ruapehu sample) were obtained using a JEOL JXA-8600 electron probe microanalyser at the University of Otago, under the direction of Dr Y. Kawachi.

AS.2.1 Sample preparation

Twenty-five 30 !lm-thick polished sections were prepared at University of Canterbury by R.A. Spiers. These were transported to Otago University where they were first cleaned with ethanol, xylol, and acetone to remove all traces of oil contamination and any polishing debris. The polished sections were then placed in pairs in a bell jar vacuum chamber and coated with a thin (c. 25 nm) film of carbon by passing a current through a pair of carbon electrodes (with pointed ends just touching). The samples were adhered to a specimen mount and stored in an airtight container until analysed.

AS.2.2 Operating conditions

The JEOL JXA-8600 microprobe was run using two wavelength dispersive X-ray spectrometers; the analysing crystals and detectors used were TAP (Channell - Na, Si, AI, Mg) and PET & LIF (Channel 2 - K, Ca, Fe, Mn, Cr, Ni, Ti). An electron gun accelerating voltage of 15 kV and a probe current of 20 Na was used for analysis of Tongariro samples. A probe diameter of <5 !lm was used for spot analyses, apart from rare amphibole and glass analyses when a beam diameter of 25-30 !lm was used. A Standard ZAF correction programme was used, developed by Y. Kawachi and M.W. Trinder in the Geology Department, University of Otago. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 68

AS.2.3 Data quality

Precision and accuracy. Standards were analysed at the beginning of every analysis session (and during the session if required) to ensure peak position was equivalent to the standard

value. The standards used were mostly synthetic pure oxides (synthetic CaSi03 for Ca), except for hematite (Waga-Sennin rillne, Japan) for Fe, albite (Amelia Co., Virginia) for N a, and adularia (St Gotthard, Switzerland) for K. Acceptable cation totals were: plagioclase 20.00±O.09, pyroxene & ilmenite 4.00±O.09, olivine 3.00±O.09, spinel 24.00±O.09. If cation totals were beyond acceptable limits, some or all of the standards were re-analysed. Element oxide totals of lOO±2 wt% were accepted for plagioclase, olivine, clinopyroxene and orthopyroxene. Spinel and ilmenite do not usually conform to an ideal wt% total and therefore data quality must be assessed solely on the basis of cation totals.

Variation in carbon coating thickness can significantly affect the accuracy of analyses, causing either constantly low or constantly high total wt% (although cation totals remain acceptable). This occurred for only a few Tongariro sections and was remedied by a slight adjustment to analytical conditions (Probe Current Factor). Low totals can also be produced by changes in such things as beam shape or room temperature, so constant monitoring and adjustments were carried out during each analysis session. Only a 1% variation in probe current was tolerated.

Detection limits. Lower limits of detection (wt%) were as follows: Si02=O.08, Al20 3=O.06,

Ti02=O.09, FeO=O.16, MnO=O.15, MgO=O.06, CaO=O.05, N~O=O.05, K20=O.04,

Cr20 3=O.14, NiO=O.18. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 69

AS.3 X·RAY FLUORESCENCE ANALYSIS

A total of 370 Tongariro samples (plus 2 Ruapehu samples) were analysed by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) at Canterbury University. Thirty-eight of these samples (including 1 from Ruapehu) were also analysed for trace elements by XRF at Royal Holloway & Bedford New College (RHBNC), University of London (see Section A8.3.4).

AS.3.1 Sample preparation

A hydraulic rock splitter (with tungsten carbide jaws) was used to remove altered surfaces from each 1-2 kg rock sample. About 1 kg of sample was then broken into small chips with a hydraulic crusher (also with tungsten carbide jaws) before being transferred to a tungsten carbide ring mill and ground into a fine powder. All equipment was thoroughly cleaned between samples to avoid contamination.

Fusion beads for major element analysis were prepared following the general methods ofNorrish and Hutton (1969) with modifications after Harvey et al (1973). Dried powder samples, each weighing about 0.3 g, were mixed with a lithium tetraborate -lithium carbonate - lanthanum oxide flux and ammonium nitrate oxidant in Pt-Au crucibles, and then fused in a 1000°C furnace for 20 minutes. Samples were re-weighed to determine loss on ignition (LO!), then remelted and poured into an aluminium platen and pressed to form a bead. Beads were stored separately in clean plastic bags kept in a desiccated, airtight container while awaiting analysis.

Pressed powder pellets for trace element analysis were made using 15 g of rock powder bound with 20 drops of PV A Mowiol Solution and 7% aqueous solution of polyvinyl alcohol. Each sample mixture was pressed into a 50 mm diameter pellet using a pneumatic steel die. Pellets were dried overnight in a 60°C oven. Pellets were stored separately in clean plastic bags while awaiting analysis. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 70

AS.3.2 Operating conditions

The XRF techniques for major elements were essentially those of Norrish and Hutton (1969) and Harvey et al (1973), and for trace elements, those of Norrish and Chappell (1977), using a Philips PW 1400 automatic X-ray spectrometer operated by S.A. Brown at the University of Canterbury. Fusion beads were irradiated with a 3 kW Sc tube operating at 50 kV, 50 rnA. Pressed powder pellets were irradiated with a 3 kW Au tube operating at 60 kV, 45 rnA for the trace elements V, Cr, Ni, Zn, Ba, La, Ce, Nd, Zr, and Nb; and a 3 kW Mo tube operating at 90 kV, 30 rnA for the trace elements Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Pb and Th.

A8.3.3 Data quality

Data quality can be measured in terms of their precision, accuracy and detection limit. Major element oxide totals of 99.5±1.0 wt% were accepted.

Precision. The total error of an analysis is a measure of both instrumental and operator precision during one analysis session (repeatability) and over a period of days or weeks (reproducibility). The limiting factor on XRF precision is the analytical count times being used, plus certain elements with low concentrations approaching their detection limits yield less precise data. The precision of Canterbury University XRF analyses was determined by making replicate measurements of 15 fusion beads and 6 pellets of the same sample (TG052) over a period of 16 months. These data, and the calculated precision (two standard deviations from the mean) for each element, are presented in Tables AS.l and AS.2.

Accuracy. Whilst estimates of precision constrain the quality of an internally consistent set of data, estimates of accuracy (how close the measured value is to the true value) are important when comparing data from different laboratories. Accuracy can be assessed by reference to recommended values for international geochemical reference standards. Canterbury University calibrations were based on recommended values for 30 international standards. The X-ray spectrometer was re-calibrated each time the X-ray tube was changed (about every three months). Table AS.3 contains analyses for six of the international Table A8.1 Replicate major element analyses of IS fusion beads of sample TG052. Fusion beads made and analysed over a period of 16 months (April 1992 to April 1993). sd = standard deviation (total error).

2 4 5 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 mean 2sd SiO, 60.94 61.05 61.32 60.61 60.91 60.81 60.77 61.34 60.98 60.67 61.16 60.67 60.56 60.81 60.33 60.86 0.53 TiO, 0.79 0.80 0.77 0.78 0.80 0.74 0.79 0.80 0.76 0.83 0.76 0.80 0.76 0.77 0.77 0.78 0.04 AhO, 16.94 17.08 17.15 17.01 17.13 17.12 17.26 17.25 17.23 17.26 17.14 17.02 17.00 17.06 16.97 17.11 0.20 Fe,O, 6.94 7.02 6.94 6.96 6.93 6.98 6.94 6.94 6.80 6.97 7.13 7.17 7.12 7.23 6.90 7.01 0.24 MnO 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.01 MgO 2.69 2.70 2.67 2.71 2.70 2.67 2.66 2.70 2.67 2.68 2.70 2.59 2.59 2.60 2.65 2.66 0.08 CaO 6.09 6.14 6.16 6.18 6.23 6.23 6.19 6.24 6.19 6.19 6.18 6.19 6.17 6.17 6.13 6.18 0.07 Na,O 3.48 3.65 3.58 3.65 3.66 3.63 3.62 3.64 3.65 3.61 3.58 3.69 3.63 3.67 3.56 3.62 0.10

K 20 1.65 1.66 1.66 1.61 1.63 1.60 1.61 1.63 1.58 1.63 1.63 1.64 1.63 1.63 1.63 1.63 0.04 P,O, 0.16 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.005 LOI -0.35 0.Q7 -0.20 -0.20 -0.43 om -0.06 -0.39 0.13 -0.03 -0.07 0.00 0.16 -0.20 0.26 -0.09 0.39

TOTAL 99.45 100.46 100.33 99.60 99.83 100.12 100.07 100,41 100.28 100.09 100.50 100.04 99.90 100.03 99,48 100.04 0.63

Table AS.2 Replicate trace element analyses of 6 pressed powder pellets of sample TG052. Each pellet was analysed three times (data are mean of 3 analyses). sd" standard deviation (total error)

mean V 177 178 173 180 179 176 177 4.53 Cr 10 10 11 11 11 12 11 1.37 Ni 6 5 5 6 5 6 6 LaO Zn 75 76 69 75 74 73 74 4.57 Ga 21 20 20 21 22 20 21 1.49 Rb 57 56 57 56 56 56 56 0.94 Sr 265 266 266 265 265 265 265 0.94 Ba 368 367 361 366 367 370 367 5.51 La 18 18 18 20 19 19 19 1.49 Ce 44 42 41 42 42 45 43 2.75 Nd 20 20 16 15 18 16 18 3.96 y 29 28 28 29 27 28 28 1.37 Zr 125 124 119 124 123 123 123 3.83 Nb 8 7 6 7 8 7 7 1.37 Pb 16 15 15 12 12 14 14 3.06 5 8 6 5 7 5 6 ~ Table AS.3 Six of the international geochemical reference standards used in XRF calibrations at Canterbury University. Rec =recommended value. Anal =analysed value. ~ n.v. no recommended value. ~ ~. 00 AGV·I G2 GSPI I NIM·G I NTM.S WI Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal ~ Anal Rec Anal Si01 59.25 59.95 69.04 69.12 67.37 67.35 75.70 75.69 63.63 63.29 52.55 52.10 TiOz 1.06 1.10 0.49 0.48 0.66 0.69 n.v. 0.12 n.v. 0.07 1.07 1.14 Ah0 3 17.15 17.34 15.14 15.44 15.16 15.13 12.08 12.09 17.34 17.25 14.99 14.80 FeZ0 3 6.76 6.83 2.67 2.69 4.30 4.29 2.00 2.15 1.40 1.41 11.14 11.00 MnO 0.10 0.10 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.02 O.ot O.ot 0.17 0.18 MgO 1.53 1.51 0.76 0.78 0.99 0.98 0.06 0.18 0.46 0.44 6.62 6.57 CaO 4.94 4.99 1.97 1.95 2.04 2.01 0.78 0.80 0.68 0.68 10.94 10.85 NazO 4.25 4.35 4.07 4.05 2.80 2.89 3.36 3.35 0.43 0.50 2.13 2.14 K10 2.90 2.96 4.49 4.50 5.51 5.49 4.99 4.98 15.35 15.32 0.64 0.64 PzOs 0.48 0.51 0.14 0.14 0.28 0.29 0.01 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.13

V 123 107 36 29 53 38 2 6 10 17 260 262 Cr 12 11 9 8 13 13 12 11 12 10 120 127 Ni 17 18 4.9 6 9.8 10 8 6 7 8 75 73 Zn 88 82 85 88 103 94 50 54 10 18 84 88 Ga 20 20 22 15 22 24 27 24 11 7 17.4 13 Rb 67 66 170 172 254 251 325 303 530 545 21.4 23 Sr 662 665 478 483 234 234 10 13 62 63 187 192 Ba 1221 1207 1880 1880 1310 1268 120 126 2420 2566 162 132 La 38 43 86 108 183 149 109 127 5 3 10.9 13 Ce 66 72 159 178 406 330 195 206 12 10 23 28 Nd 34 30 53 62 190 160 72 89 6 12 15 15 Y 21 20 11.4 11 29 29 143 131 1.14 13 26 19 Zr 225 221 300 309 530 520 300 269 20 31 100 1001 1 Nb 15 13 13 14 26 26 53 49 n.v. 3 8 8 Pb 36 42 31 35 54 55 40 41 2.39 1 7.5 7 Th 6.5 8 24.6 28 105 117 51 52 1 0 2.4 2 Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 73

standards used to construct calibrations operable when Tongariro rocks were analysed. These analyses are comparable to the recommended standard values, thereby confirming the accuracy of the Canterbury University data.

Detection limits. The XRF detection limit is the lowest concentration which can be "seen" during analysis, and relates to the level of background noise of an element signal. Conservative estimates for Canterbury University routine lab detection limits are:

(i) major elements (wt%): Si02=0.2, Ti02=0.01, AI20 3=0.2, Fe20 3=0.01, MnO=O.Ol,

MgO=0.05, CaO=O.Ol, Na20=0.1, K20=0.01, P20s=0.01; (ii) trace elements (ppm): V=3, Cr=3, Ni=3, Zn=3, Ga=2, Rb=l, Sr=l, Ba=20, La=5, Ce=5, Nd=10, Y=l, Zr=2, Nb=2, Pb=l, Th=l.

A8.3.4 Royal Holloway & Bedford New College XRF analyses

Whilst obtaining radiogenic isotope analyses for 38 samples (see Section A8.6) at RHBNC, it was decided to also re-analyse these samples for trace elements in the hope of yielding more precise data for certain key elements (such as Nb). Analyses were obtained by Dr G.P. Marriner and Dr M.P. Thirlwall.

Sample preparation. Powdered rock samples prepared at Canterbury University (see Section A8.3.l) were used to make the pressed powder pellets. About 7 g of powder mixed with 6 drops of PV A Mowiol Solution was placed in a steel plunger chamber and pressed manually into a crude pellet with a Perspex cylinder. The analytical surface contacted a tungsten carbide or chrome die. Boric acid powder was then placed over the back and sides of the pellet, a steel plunger inserted, and the pellet pressed at 10 tonnes for 1 minute. Pellets were dried in a vacuum desiccator for 20 minutes, then stored separately in clean plastic bags while awaiting analysis.

Operating conditions. Analyses were performed with a Philips 1400 X-ray spectrometer. Pressed powder pellets were irradiated with a 3 kW W tube operating at 60 kV, 45 rnA for the trace elements Sc, V, Cr, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ba, La, Ce, and Nd; and a 3 kW Rh tube operating at 90 kV, 30 rnA for the trace elements CI, Ga, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Pb, and Th. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 74

Data quality. Lack of time meant it was not possible to determine total precision of RHBNC XRF analyses in the manner ofthe Canterbury University data. However, replicate analyses of the standard BOB 1 (Table A8.4) do give some idea of external precision; but this is effectively total machine error and does not take into account instrumental and operator error over time. Keeping this in mind, estimates of precision for RHBNC data appear superior to those of University of Canterbury data. This indicates that operator error is a significant component of the total error of an analysis, and ideally should be accounted for by a method such as that described in Section A8.3.3. Despite the discrepancy between error estimation methods, there is a "real" increased precision for some trace elements, compared to University of Canterbury (see Section A8.S). This is attributed to the use of different X-ray tubes and longer count times. Calibrations were based on recommended values for international standards; recalibrations were carried out between each batch of analyses (about every three months). Standard data presented in Table A8.S are from calibrations used for Tongariro analyses and give an indication of data accuracy.

Table AS.4 Replicate RHBNC trace element analyses of 3 pressed powder pellets of standard BOB 1. sd = standard deviation

1 2 3 mean 2sd Sc 35.9 35.3 35.8 35.7 0.52 V 240.2 241.3 238.9 240.1 1.96 Cr 284.0 284.3 281.5 283.3 2.51 Ni 110.2 110.8 110.6 110.5 0.50 Cn 58.8 59.3 58.5 58.9 0.66 Zn 65.0 64.5 64.2 64.6 0.66 Ga 15.9 15.4 14.8 15.4 0.90 Rb 5.4 5.2 5.3 5.3 0.16 Sr 197.9 197.8 197.0 197.6 0.81 Ba 36.7 37.4 36.0 36.7 1.14 La 5.9 4.6 5.3 5.3 1.06 Ce 14.3 14.1 13.5 14.0 0.68 Nd 10.3 11.1 10.4 10.6 0.71 Y 28.5 28.4 28.1 28.3 0.34 Zr 105.0 104.9 104.9 104.9 0.09 Nb 4.8 4.9 4.7 4.8 0.16 Pb 1.0 0.5 0.2 0.6 0.66 Th 0.4 0.3 0.5 0.4 0.16 Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 75

Table AS.S Eight of the international geochemical reference standards used in XRF trace element calibrations at Royal Holloway Bedford New College. University of London. Rec =recommended value. Anal analysed value. n.v. =no recommended value.

BHVOl BIRl BR DRN Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal Sc 31.8 31.6 43.0 38.9 25.0 21.5 28.0 31.0 V 317.0 309.6 313.0 302.4 235.0 241.0 220.0 218.7 Cr 289.0 286.1 382.0 361.8 380.0 328.7 42.0 38.3 Ni 121.0 119.1 166.0 158.8 260.0 267.7 15.0 18.9 Cn 136.0 139.0 126.0 132.4 72.0 79.1 50.0 50.7 Zn 105.0 101.1 71.0 69.7 160.0 145.1 145.0 157.1 Ga 21.0 20.5 16.0 15.6 19.0 16.6 22.0 19.1 Rb 9.1 9.0 0.2 0.7 47.0 47.6 73.0 71.8 Sr 396.9 387.4 108.0 108.6 1320.0 1350.4 400.0 394.3 Ba 135.0 136.1 6.0 10.5 1050.0 1143.6 385.0 382.4 La 15.6 17.9 0.6 2.7 83.3 84.9 20.5 22.9 Ce 38.7 39.0 1.6 2.8 153.6 153.0 46.7 45.4 Nd 24.9 23.6 2.2 1.5 66.5 65.3 24.1 22.6 Y 27.6 26.8 16.0 16.2 30.0 31.1 28.0 28.3 Zr 180.0 174.9 14.5 14.9 265.0 273.8 125.0 130.5 Nb 19.8 18.9 0.5 0.8 116.0 114.0 6.0 7.5 Pb 2.0 1.7 n.v. 3.6 8.0 4.4 55.0 53.7 Th 1.3 1.1 n.v. 0.3 10.9 10.9 4.9 5.0

GSN NIMG NIMS W2 Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal Rec Anal Sc 7.3 7.7 1.0 0.5 3.6 3.4 36.0 35.9 V 65.0 65.1 2.0 1.5 10.0 15.3 262.0 261.4 Cr 55.0 62.6 12.0 10.2 12.0 11.5 93.0 87.8 Ni 34.0 36.7 2.7 3.6 6.4 5.8 70.0 68.8 Cn 20.0 22.1 12.0 9.4 19.0 21.6 103.0 105.8 Zn 48.0 53.6 50.0 51.0 10.0 10.8 77.0 76.9 Ga 22.0 21.3 27.0 28.5 11.0 11.9 16.8 16.9 Rb 185.0 185.5 320.0 325.8 535.0 538.0 20.0 19.2 Sr 570.0 583.3 10.0 10.9 64.5 63.9 194.0 194.3 Ba 1400.0 1360.5 120.0 111.5 2400.0 2469.5 182.0 183.5 La 74.6 68.1 114.0 111.3 5.1 5.3 10.1 12.3 Ce 142.0 118.6 200.0 200.2 11.9 8.6 22.1 24.1 Nd 51.2 42.4 69.0 72.0 6.7 7.3 12.3 13.6 Y 19.0 18.1 143.0 141.5 n.v. 1.1 23.0 22.5 Zr 235.0 230.0 300.0 289.7 33.0 16.0 100.0 92.5 Nb 23.0 24.9 59.8 58.3 0.5 0.3 7.7 7.0 Pb 53.0 51.3 40.0 37.0 1.8 1.0 n.v. 7.2 Th 43.0 42.2 51.0 53.4 1.0 0.6 2.4 1.9 Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 76

AS.4 INSTRUMENTAL NEUTRON ACTIVATION ANALYSIS

Seventeen trace elements (Sc, Co, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Tm, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, Th, U) were determined by fustrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) by Prof G.N. Eby at University of Massachusetts, Lowell, for a total of 60 samples (59 from Tongariro, 1 from Ruapehu).

ASA.1 Sample preparation

200-300 mg aliquots of rock powder were weighed into acid-leached poly-ethylene vials and approx 0.1 m1 of a 5 ppm gold solution was added to each vial. This solution served as an internal monitor for total neutron dose and geometry variations. Each analysis batch consisted of 10 unknowns, an irradiation standard (USGS standard rock AGV-l), and an additional standard which was used to assess precision & accuracy.

AS.4.2 Operating conditions

The samples were irradiated for 6 hours at a flux of 4 x 10 -12 n1cm2.sec. The samples were counted twice: at 5 to 7 days after irradiation to determine short half-life isotopes, and at 6 to 10 weeks for long half-life isotopes. A small volume high-resolution intrinsic germanium detector was used for gamma ray energies <300 Kev, and a large volume Ge(Li) detector was used for gamma ray energies >300 Kev. Counting times were 10 000 to 12 000 seconds for the first count, and 40 000 seconds for the second count. Peak location and integration was done using Spectran-AT software (Canberra Nuclear). Further data reduction (decay, interference, and flux variation corrections) was carried out using software developed in-house.

AS.4.3 Data quality

Replicate analyses of USGS standards indicates a precision and accuracy of better than 5% for Sc, Co, Cs, La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, and Th and a precision and accuracy of better than 1 % for Cs, Gd, and Tm. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 77

AS.S INTERLABORATORY COMPARISON AND CORRECTION FACTORS: trace element analyses using XRF Au+Mo tubes, XRF W +Rh tubes, & INAA

The combination of trace element data obtained using different analytical procedures, for the precise geochemical data set of Chapter 7 (and see Appendix 13), necessitated an investigation of interlaboratory variation. Because of the timing requirements of the different labs, and because sample collection was spread over two field seasons, it was not possible to analyse a consistent set of samples for all types of data.

For example, 60 samples had to be selected for INAA before the visit to RHBNC isotope lab, with the consequence that 6 of the 38 samples analysed for isotopes do not have corresponding INAA data. Furthermore, because only 38 of the total 66 samples were analysed by XRF W and Rh tubes at RHBNC, it was necessary to compare RHBNC with Canterbury University XRF data to ascertain for which elements the RHBNC data were superior (higher data quality) and for which elements the two labs produced comparable data. Thus for some trace elements, 28 samples were corrected to bring them into line with the other (more precise) 38 samples, whereas for other elements 66 samples from the same lab (i.e .. Canterbury University) were used.

Although this system may appear complicated, I believe it is an advantage to have more precise (and therefore useful) data for at least some of the samples rather than none at all. In any case, the number of corrections was small and data for most elements are derived from the same (or comparable) analytical procedures. The aim was to use INAA data where available, then XRF-AulMo data for the other elements (hence all 66 samples analysed by same method) unless the XRF-W/Rh data were of a superior quality (requiring correction/rejection of 28 samples analysed by XRF-AulMo). The outcome of the investigation for the 30 trace elements can be summarised as follows: Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 78

Trace elements Analytical Samples Not procedure(s) analysed analysed

Co,Cs,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Tm,Yb INAA 60 6 LU,Hf,Ta,U (1:=12)

Sc,La,Ce,Nd,Th (1:=5) INAA (60 samples) 66 0 XRF-WlRh (6 samples)

CU,Nb,Pb (1:=3) XRF-WlRh 38 28"

Zn,Y (1:=2) XRF-W IRh (38 samples) 66 0 XRF-AuIM0(28 samples)

V,Cr,Ni,Ga,Rb,Sr,Ba,Zr XRF-AulMo 66 0 (1:=8)

* 28 samples not analysed for Cu; 28 samples analysed (by XRF-AulMo) for Nb & Pb, but rejected because of unsatisfactory data quality

Interlaboratory variation was quantified in the following manner. Samples analysed by two or more laboratories were plotted against each other and a linear regression line fitted to the data. This was compared to a 1: 1 data correspondence line and if there was no critical difference between the two lines, the data were deemed comparable without correction, for example Th-NAA v Th-XRFRh (Fig A8.1) and Rb-XRF Rh v Rb-XRF Mo (Fig A8.2). A 1:1 correspondence of data also occurred for Sc, La, Ce, Nd (all NAA v XRF W), and V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Sr, Ba, Zr (all XRF-AulMo v XRF-WIRh).

If there was a systematic variation between the data sets, a correction (slope & intercept from regression line) was applied to the least precise data set. Only best fits of r~0.9 were accepted for correction equations. Corrections were only necessary for two elements: Zn-XRF Au and Y-XRF Mo; the correction equations are presented in Figures A8.3 and A8A. XRF-AulMo data for two elements, Nb (Fig A8.5) and Pb (Fig A8.6), did not show a sufficiently strong correlation with XRF-W IRh data to justify a simple interlaboratory correction. Therefore the Nb and Pb data obtained for 28 samples by XRF AulMo analysis were rejected from the data set. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 79

12 y 046251 + O. 193x R= O. 774 .- (j)' , , 10 , , - , , , , 8 ,v. , 0' « ,cJ 0 6 «Z ..c:I

Figure AS.1 Comparison of Th data from INAA with RHBNC XRF-Rh.

120 ,0------y 0.00811 + 0 98486x R= 0.99622 , , , , 100 , , , , , , 80 ,t ..c: , Q 0:: ,0 ,E:> u.. 60 0:: 'f X , I ..0 0:: ~cP I I I 40 ;c , I I , I 20 ,.Q , , , , o I o 20 40 60 80 100 120 Rb-XRF Mo

Figure AS.2 Comparison of Rb data from RHBNC XRF-Rh with Canterbury University XRF-Mo. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 80

110

y 11.135 + 0 ~7015x R"" 0.90672 ~ ~ ~ 100 ~ ~ .c ~

~ ~ ~ 90 n ~ ~ 0 0 .. $: 0 0 5P .. 0 u.. cr: 80 cP. .. ? t:: ~6"00 N .d ;;;"0 70 Cb- ..... v 0 0 ~.. 0 a.. 0 60 ... 0 ~ "0 so so 60 70 80 90 100 110 Zn-XRF Au

Figure AS.3 Comparison of Zn data from RHBNC XRF-W with Canterbury University XRF-Au.

28 ' . y = 5 O.SC S09x R 0.903 4 0 .. 6 0 ~ 26 ~ 0 8 ()!~ .. '0 24 lj' 0 .. C) o c~ .. 22 ,.,,~ 0 ~ ~ 8 20 FR-- -~ 18 , " IJ ~ , '0 16 .. .. , 14

12 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 Y-XRF Mo

Figure AS.4 Comparison ofY data from RHBNC XRF-Rh with Canterbury University XRF-Mo. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 81

9 ... •• y 2. 6S + O. 221x R= .63224 8

7 I ..r::; ex: ! ...... ~x 6 . I . . ..0 . . . Z .. . . 5 . . . .

4 . --.. I 3 + «

2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Nb-XRF Au

Figure A8.S Comparison of Nb data from RHBNC XRF-Rh with Canterbury University XRF-Au.

20 --- • y = 1.4832 + 0.62156x R= O.E 3366

o 15 . . ..c: . . . c::: . . . . u.. . . 2 o· . ~ 10 I ...Q 0...

5 ...... o o 5 10 15 20 Pb-XRF Mo

Figure A8.6 Comparison of Pb data from RHBNC XRF-Rh with Canterbury University XRF-Mo. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 82

In conclusion, the RHBNC XRF data were generally of higher precision than those from Canterbury University (also see Section A8.3.4), comparing favourably with INAA data for the elements Sc, La, Ce, Nd and Th; and being noticeably more precise than XRF Au/Mo data for the elements Zn, Y, Nb and Pb. There was no significant difference, however, for the elements V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ba and Zr when analysed by either XRF laboratory. The results of this study provide an insight into the advantages and disadvantages of different analytical procedures (INAA v XRF) and different X-ray tubes (AulMo v WIRh), and allow confident use of a "mixed" geochemical data set for modelling Tongariro petrological processes.

AS.6 THERMAL IONIZATION MASS SPECTROMETRY

Radiogenic isotope analyses were'carried out at Royal Holloway & Bedford New College (RHBNC), University of London, under the direction of Dr M.F. Thirlwall and Mr G.A. Ingram, with assistance from J. Baker. On the basis of existing XRF data 37 Tongariro samples (and 1 Ruapehu sample) were selected and analysed for Sr isotopic compositions. Taking into consideration the Sr isotope results, 16 of the 38 samples were selected for Nd isotope analysis, and 13 for Pb isotope analysis.

AS.6.1 Sample preparation

Clean room conditions. Sr-Nd chemical preparation was conducted in a laboratory with class 100 000 or better filtered air, whereas Pb chemistry was done in laminar flow cupboards in a separate clean room. Positive air pressure is maintained in the Pb laboratory with filtered air cleaner than class 100.

Reagent preparation. HCl was distilled and sub-boiled (SB) distilled in pyrex quartz stills.

HN03, methanol and acetic acid (HOAC) were SB distilled in quartz stills. Ultra high Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 83 quality (UHQ) distilled water was supplied by an Elgastat purification system. Sr-Nd reagents were double SB distilled in teflon stills before use in Pb chemistry.

Sr separation procedure. For each sample, about 0.1 g of powder was weighed in a clean Teflon beaker. An appropriate amount of 84Sr spike was added to one beaker for later calculation of blank level. About 2 ml of 16M HN03 and 6-8 ml of 40% HF were added to the sample which was then left overnight at room temperature. The solutions were evaporated beneath Teflon covers in an air flow fume cupboard. The residue was then converted to nitrate and chloride by evaporation with 2 ml 16M HN03 and 6 ml6M HCl, before dissolution in about 5 ml 2.5M HCI. The chloride solution was centrifuged and about 1 mlloaded onto cation exchange columns using 2.5M HCI as an elutant. Columns were cleaned sequentially with 6M HCI, UHQ water, and 205M HCI. After evaporation to dryness the Sr sample was loaded onto a degassed single Ta filament with 205M H3P04 and UHQ water. Sr procedural blanks over the period of analysis were typically 0.8-1.5 ng, within the acceptable levels of up to 1.5 ng (250-300 ppm Sr and 0.1 g of sample gives 25- 30 jlg of Sr in each sample). Thus no significant contamination occurred during sample preparation.

Nd separation procedure. For each sample, about 0.15-0.20 g of powder was weighed in a clean Savillex capsule. An appropriate amount of very dilute mixed REE spike was added to one capsule. About 2 ml of 16M HN03 and 8 ml of 40% HF was added to each capsule, which was then sealed and placed on a hotplate for 36 hours. The solution was evaporated, then 2-3 ml of 16M HN03 added and evaporated, then the residue was dissolved in

10% HN03 and placed on the hotplate for 24 hours, then evaporated. The residue was converted to nitrate on the first stage Nd columns, then Nd was separated from the other REE on the temperature-controlled second stage (anion exchange) Nd columns. The columns were cleaned with "cocktails" ofmethanol+HOAC+HN03+UHQ water of varying proportions. Following this the samples were passed through the final third stage (anion exchange) Nd columns which removed the remaining non-REE species by elution of

90% HOAC/I0% HN03 before collection ofNd in 0.05M HN03• After evaporation the Nd sample was loaded onto the side filaments of a degassed Ta-Re-Ta bead with UHQ water. The Nd procedural blank of 0.4 ng was not significant considering there was 1.5-5.0 flg of Nd (10-25 ppm Nd; 0.15-0.20 g sample) in each processed sample. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 84

Lead separation procedure. For each sample, 0.1-0.2 g of powder was weighed in a clean

Savillex capsule. One capsule was spiked with 208Pb. About 0.5 rnl of 16M HN03 and 3 rnl of 40% HF were added to each capsule, which were then sealed and placed on the hotplate for 48 hours. After evaporation the residue was converted to nitrate and chloride

with 0.5 ml of 16M HN03, and 3 rnl of 6M HCl, before dissolution in 1M HBr. The solution was centrifuged in cleaned tubes and added to specially prepared Pb anion exchange columns. Pb was collected by elution of 6M HCl, evaporated, then passed through the Pb columns in the presence of 1M HBr, and finally collected again by elution

of 6M HCl. A few drops of 16M RN03 and 0.25M H3P04 were added to the collected Pb solution. The sample was loaded on a degassed single Re filament bead with silica gel. Pb procedural blanks during the period of analysis steadily improved from 3.7 ng to 1.5 ng to 0.8 ng. This would not require significant blank corrections to Tongariro Pb data, however, as 1-2 j.1g ofPb (10-20 ppm Pb; 0.1-0.2 g sample) was present in each processed sample.

AS.6.2 Operating conditions

Analyses were performed on a VG354 mass spectrometer with four movable Faraday collectors (two each side of the axial Faraday) at RHBNC, University of London. Loaded beads were placed in a l6-sample turret which was analysed and changed on average every two days. An accelerating potential of 8 kV was used, with source and flight tube vacuums better than 5xlO-7 and 7xlO-9 respectively. All samples were analysed automatically using VG software modified by M.F. Thirlwall. Sr isotope analyses were first obtained by a multidynamic procedure using all five collectors (SrsQ 2V or 4V), but as the collectors degraded over the period of analysis, the procedure was changed to one using only three collectors (SrsLL 4V). Nd isotopic compositions were determined by a multidynamic procedure using all five collectors (NdtQ 1.7V). Pb isotopic ratios were measured by static data collection on the five collectors (Pb stat IV).

AS.6.3 Data quality

Sr isotope data. Contamination during sample preparation was negligible (low blanks, see Section A8.6.l) indicating satisfactory operator precision. Internal precision is usually Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 85

better than ±O.OOOOlO (2 standard error) on the mean 87Sr/86Sr, and several in-built diagnostic tests are used to monitor data quality (Thirlwall, 1991). External precision and accuracy was judged from replicate analyses of the standard SRM987. During the 2 month period of analysis of Tongariro samples the following mean 87Sr/86Sr values and standard deviations were obtained for SRM987: 0.710208±25 (2 sd, n=13, SrsQ); 0.710249±19 (2 sd, n=8, SrsLL). Hence the external precision was ±0.000025 or better. Because the collectors were degrading over this time period and the procedure was changed, the mean SRM987 values are not comparable, so a correction of +0.000040 was applied to the SrsQ data (affecting 21 of the 38 samples: TG001, TG020, TG051, TG074, TG080, TG098, TG112, TG115, TG135, TG152, TG156, TG161, TG163, TG182, TG242, TG262, TG280, TG288, TG289, TG376, TG381). A further adjustment of -0.000015 was made to SrsLL data if the tailrnil value was >0.08 (applied to samples TG035, TG086, TG272, TG273). The measured (some corrected) values of SRM987 compared favourably to the recommended value of 0.710250, giving an indication of accuracy of the Tongariro analyses.

Nd isotope data. Procedural blanks (see Section A8.6.1) were insignificant indicating satisfactory operator precision. Internal precision is ±0.000004 (2 standard error) on the mean triple-collector 143Ndll44Nd, with non-radiogenic ratios ofNd providing the principal diagnostic tests (Thirlwall, 1991). Degradation of the collectors meant internal precision for Nd was not as high as usual, ranging from ±O.000005 to ±O.000026. A mean 143Ndll44Nd value of 0.511432±2 (2 sd, n=4) was obtained for replicate analyses of the Aldrich Nd standard during the period of analysis. Tongariro data were normalised to the current lab Aldrich standard value of 0.511425±5 (2 sd, n=8) by subtracting 0.000005 from all data. Hence satisfactory external precision and accuracy were attained.

Ph isotope data. Relatively low Pb procedural blanks (see Section A8.6.1) indicated satisfactory operator precision. Internal precision (2 standard error) for individual Pb isotope analyses was typically 206PbP04Pb ±O.003, 207PbP04Pb ±0.003, 208PbP04Pb ±0.006 or better. Data were corrected for mass fractionation by normalisation to mean values of the Pb standard SRM981 run during the same period of analysis as the Tongariro samples. Data were corrected based on the following values for SRM981 (normalising factors shown in brackets): 206PbPo4Pb =16.890 (x 1.00280), 207PbP04Pb =15.429 (x 1.00404), 208PbP04Pb Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 86

=36.506 (xl.00586). External precision on the basis of reproducibility of SRM981 is typically better than 206PbP04Pb ±0.012, 207PbP04Pb ±0.015, 208PbP04Pb ±O.030.

AS.7 LASER·FLUORINATION OXYGEN ISOTOPE ANALYSIS

A subset of 10 of the 38 samples analysed for radiogenic isotope compositions were analysed for oxygen isotope compositions at Royal Holloway & Bedford New College, University of London, under the direction of Dr D. Mattey with assistance from J. Baker and C. Macpherson.

AS.7.1 Sample preparation

Rock samples were crushed and sized, then the 0.18-0.25 mrn fraction was passed through a Franz magnetic separator to isolate pyroxene from magnetite, groundmass and plagioclase. From this separated fraction about 2 mg of clean clinopyroxene or orthopyroxene was handpicked under a binocular microscope for each sample.

AS. 7.2 Operating conditions

Oxygen isotope analysis was carried out using the laser fluorination technique of Mattey and Macpherson (1993) which enables measurement of 180/16 0 in microgram quantities of ferromagnesian silicate minerals. Samples are reacted with CIF3 and heated with a 60 W continuous Nd: Y AG laser operating at 1064 nm. After clean -up with KBr the liberated O2 was converted to CO2 by reaction with hot graphite. CO2 was analysed by an on-line VG Isotech PRISM gas source mass spectrometer. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 87

A.S.7.3 Data quality

The advantages of the laser fluorination technique over conventional stable isotope analysis of silicate phases (Mattey and Macpherson, 1993) are that the procedural blanks

are very low «0.02 f.1mol O2) enabling analysis of very small samples; and the enhanced fluorination reactions produce yields of 100±2%, negating the effects of isotopic

18 fractionation of O2 produced by incomplete decomposition reactions. 0 0 data for analyses having fluorination yields >95% are reproducible to better than ±0.1 per mil (2 sd). All Tongariro samples produced excellent yields of 100±2%, except for sample TG 163 (95.3%) which was inaccurately weighed. The mean value for the olivine standard (San Carlos olivine) during the period of analysis was +4.87±0.1 per mil, agreeing well with the expected value of +4.88±0.06 per mil.

AS.S ACCELERA TOR MASS SPECTROMETRY

Seven Tongariro samples (and one Ruapehu sample) were selected to take part in a pilot project to investigate the lo:Be content of TVZ lavas, undertaken by LJ. Graham, R.G. Ditchburn, R.J. Sparks and G. Wallace at the Institute of Geological & Nuclear Sciences (GNS), Lower Hutt. (A full description of analytical conditions may be obtained from the investigators). Samples were chosen on the basis of XRF data, specifically BalLa, La/Th, KlLa and BalLa, in order to maximise probable variation in lo:BefBe.

AS.S.l Sample preparation

Powdered rock samples were first leached to remove any lo:Be that may have been deposited on the surface of the rocks by aerosol fallout or groundwater flow. This was followed by a complicated chemical separation procedure involving treatments with HCl,

Na2C03, bromine, ammonia, HF, H2S 04+Na2S 0 4, and EDTA. Cation exchange chromatography was the final step in obtaining pure beryllium. Appendix 8 Analytical procedures 88

AS.S.2 Operating conditions

Analyses were carried out using the accelerator mass spectrometer housed at GNS Lower Hutt. Running conditions were those established in previous tests; terminal voltage

3 5.46MV, Be + stripped charge state. Measurement consisted of 15 minute runs on each of the samples. During each run the total energy spectrum from the particle detector was accumulated and the average '13e current from each of the samples was recorded. Particle spectra from all the samples were normalised to a common 9Be current of 150 nA. Background corrections were performed by fitting the region below the l'13e peak in each sample to the corresponding region in the blank spectrum. This yielded normalisation terms that were used to subtract the blank spectra from the sample spectra under the l'13e region. Corrected l'13e count rates were obtained by integrating the background-subtracted spectra over the l'13e region. Mineral Chemical Analyses for Selected Samples 89

APPENDIX 9 MINERAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR SELECTED SAMPLES

Mineral compositions have been determined for a subset of 24 Tongariro samples which encompass a range of rock types, ages, and volcano-stratigraphic units: Ngauruhoe TOOOl, TG020, TG156, TG161, TG163, TG288, TG289 Red Crater TO 112, TG 126, TG 134, TO 135 North Crater - TG192, TG196 Pukeonake TG279, TG280 SW Oturere TG051, TG074, TG080, TG240 Tama 2 - TG381 NE Oturere - TG098, TG 115, TG242 Tama 1 TG136 However, because of the incompatible timing of sample collection and availability of microprobe facilities, a subset of truly representative samples could not be obtained. These microprobe analyses therefore provide an incomplete survey of Tongariro mineralogy.

Analytical procedures and data quality of the electron microprobe analyses are described in Appendix 8, Section A8.2. Mineral data are presented in tables in the following order: olivine (A9.1), plagioclase (A9.2), clinopyroxene (A9.3), orthopyroxene (A9.4) , amphibole (A9.5), magnetite (A9.6), ilmenite (A9.7), chrome spinel (A9.8). Generally, 5-6 crystals of each mineral phase present in a sample were analysed, with at least two analyses per crystal (typically core and rim). Less abundant phases (e.g. olivine) and smaller crystals (e.g. Fe-Ti oxides) often yielded fewer analyses.

All oxide data are as originally analysed (FeO = total iron oxide as FeO). Iron has also been recalculated (using PetMin programme - see below -, or procedure which was Appendix 9 Mineral chemical analyses for selected samples 90

later available in microprobe software; after Droop, 1987) as Fe20 3 and FeO for amphibole, Fe-Ti oxides, and chrome spinel. These minerals also have recalculated iron cations (Fe3+ and Fe2+), whereas the other minerals have Fe = total iron as Fe2+.

Aluminium has been recalculated (using PetMin) into AIIV and Alv1 for the pyroxenes and amphibole. Amphibole cation site occupancies were calculated using PetMin on the basis of 22(0) and 2(OH), with adjustment of the total cations to 13 (excluding Ca+Na+K) by varying Fe2+/Fe3+ as recommended by Leake (1978) and Robinson et al. (1981). End member mol% compositions for olivine, plagioclase and pyroxene were obtained directly from microprobe data output. End member compositions for Fe-Ti oxides (Mt, Usp, TIm, Hem) were calculated using a programme kindly supplied by Dr Y. Kawachi, Otago University.

Abbreviations are as follows:

Analysis = laboratory analysis number C =core of phenocryst I = intermediate between core and rim R =rim of phenocryst M = microphenocryst or groundmass microlite o =overgrowth/reaction rim surrounding another crystal N = inclusion within another crystal

Sample = Tongariro field number Crystal = crystal number (usually at least two analyses per crystal)

FO,Fa = end member mol % olivine An,Ab, Or = end member mol % plagioclase WO,En,Fs =end member mol % pyroxene Mg# = Mg ratio: 100Mg/(Mg+Fe2+), total iron as Fe2+

Mt =magnetite, Fe30 4 2 Usp = ulvQspinel, Fe +2Ti04

TIm = ilmenite, FeO.Ti02 Appendix 9 Mineral chemical analyses for selected samples 91

Hem = hematite, Fe20 3

R20 3 = mol % of 3-valent ions in ilmenite: Fe20 3 + Al20 3 + Cr20 3

0.00 = analysed, but below detection limit

"PetMin" is a set of computer programmes for igneous petrology developed in 1990 by Prof. G. Nelson Eby, Department of Earth Sciences, University of Massachusetts, and used with permission by staff and students in the Department of Geology, University of Canterbury. PetMin includes routines modified from IgPet (M.J. Carr, Terra Softa Inc.), GPP, MinFile (A.M. Afifi & EJ. Essene, University of Michigan), and geothermometry programmes written by D.H. Lindsley and colleagues.

Within PetMin, whole-rock and mineral chemical data can be organised into files (which can be later modified), and plotted on X-Y graphs, triangular plots, spider diagrams, and a variety of additional diagrams (chemical classification diagrams, tectonic discriminant diagrams, phase diagrams). Routines are available for calculating CIPW norms, mineral cation site occupancies and formulas, and geothermobarometry estimates. AFC, fractional crystallization and equilibrium crystallization, and magma mixing can also be modelled using PetMin procedures. Tongariro mineral data manipulation was carried out with PetMin, but whole-rock data were manipulated with the updated version PetMin2.0. Plots were created in "NewPet" (1987-1992 version by Daryl Clarke, Memorial University of Newfoundland), saved as 'pic' files then exported to a drawing programme (CoreIDraw) for final presentation. Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 0009C OOIOR 0792C 0794R 0620C 0648R 0651C 0652R 0242C 0243R 0258C 0259C 0273C 0274C 0281C 02791 0676C 0686R Sample TGOOI TGOOI TG051 TGOSI TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TGI12 TG112 TGI12 TG1l2 TG112 TGll2 TGll2 TG1l2 TGllS TGl15 Crystal 1 1 1 I 2 2 I 2 3 4 5 6 6 1

SiO, 39.31 39.27 39.98 38.54 37.74 38.61 39.56 38.81 40.44 40.34 40.40 40.28 38.70 39.86 40.77 40.74 41.63 41.08 TiO, 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AI.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 18.34 18,47 20.50 21.55 20.09 25.36 22.64 24.81 11.08 13.55 15.34 17.44 21.41 15.66 13.69 13.90 13,46 13.16 MnO 0.32 0.26 0.12 0.29 0.29 0.37 0.35 0.40 0.14 0.25 0.23 0.31 0.32 0.23 0.18 0.11 0.18 0.17 MgO 42.88 42.60 39.88 39.03 39.89 36.31 38.85 36.91 47.82 45.51 45,43 43,45 39.96 44.29 45.79 46.00 44.48 45.37 CaO 0.17 0.16 0.03 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.21 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.16 NazO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 K10 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr103 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.08 0.00 NiO 0.02 0.07 0.14 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.18 0.13 0.12 0.15 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.09 0.05 TOTAL 101.06 100.86 100.68 99.55 98.24 100.83 101.61 101.09 99.93 99.95 101.71 101.83 100.65 100.34 100.73 101.17 100.07 99.99

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 0.993 0.994 1.020 1.003 0.992 1.009 LOll 1.009 0.999 1.006 0.998 1.004 0.996 1.001 1.009 1.005 1.032 1.020 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Al 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0.387 0.391 0.437 0.469 0.441 0.554 0.484 0.539 0.229 0.283 0.317 0.363 0,461 0.329 0.283 0.287 0.279 0.273 Mn 0.007 0.006 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.008 0.007 0.009 0.003 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.004 0.004 Mg 1.615 1.608 1.516 1.515 1.563 IAI5 1.481 1.430 1.760 1.692 1.674 1.614 1.533 1.658 1.689 1.691 1.645 1.679 Ca 0.005 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.004 Na 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 K 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.001 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.001 TOTAL 3.007 3.005 2.980 2.997 3.008 2.991 2.989 2.991 3.001 2.994 3.001 2.996 3.004 2.999 2.991 2.994 2.967 2.980

Fo 80.7 80,4 77.6 76.4 78.0 71.9 75,4 72.6 88.5 85.7 84.1 81.6 76.9 83.5 85.6 85.5 85.5 86.0 Fa 19.3 19.6 22.4 23.6 22.0 28.1 24.6 27,4 11.5 14.3 15.9 18,4 23.1 16.5 14,4 14.5 14.5 14.0

Mg# 80.7 80,4 77.6 76.4 78.0 71.9 75.4 72.6 88.5 85.7 84.1 81.6 76.9 83,4 85.6 85.5 85.5 86.0 Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0684C 068SR 0687C 0688R 0694C 0695R 0716C 0717R 072IC 0722R 0124C 01251 0126R 0127C 0128R 0156C 0157R 0168C Sample TOIlS TGI15 TOIlS TOIlS TGIIS TGIIS TGI15 TGI15 TGI15 TG1l5 TGJ26 TGl26 TGI26 TGI26 TGI26 TGI26 TGI26 TGl26 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 2 2 3 3 4

Si01 41.24 40.97 40.87 40.94 41.06 40.75 41.54 41.31 41.32 40.98 4O.8J 40.87 40.18 39.94 38.54 39.73 38.80 40.39 Ti01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Alz0 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 13.06 12.20 11.77 13.38 12.99 14.21 13.03 13.37 12.33 12.49 11.04 10.73 14.95 16.40 20.84 16.60 20.54 12.34 MnO 0.20 0.14 0.17 0.19 0.12 0.28 0.18 0.20 0.24 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.28 0.16 0.32 0.20 0.29 0.25 MgO 45.68 4S.40 4S.24 4S.05 4S.35 44.40 45.65 45.63 44.80 45.39 48.24 48.22 45.36 44.45 40.34 44.90 41.02 45.96 CaO 0.17 O.IS 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.16 NazO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 KzO 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrZ03 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 om 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 NiO 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.21 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.10 0.17 0.17 0.10 0.14 0.00 0.05 0.11 0.09 TOTAL 100.44 99.02 98.34 99.89 99.82 100.10 100.60 100.70 98.95 99.31 100.61 100.38 101.08 101.36 100.26 101.64 100.94 99.21

Number of cations on basis of 4 oJ

Fo 86.2 86.9 87.3 85.7 86.2 84.8 86.2 85.9 86.6 86.6 88.6 88.9 84.4 82.9 77.5 82.8 78.0 86.9 Fa 13.8 13.1 12.7 14.3 13.8 15.2 13.8 14.1 13.4 13.4 11.4 11.1 IS.6 17.1 22.5 17.2 22.0 13.1

Mg# 86.2 86.9 87.3 8S.7 86.2 84.8 86.2 8S.9 86.6 86.6 88.6 88.9 84.4 82.8 77.6 82.8 78.1 86.9

\0 W Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis OJ69R 0313C 0316C 0317C 0318C 0319R 0363C 0366C 0368R 0375C 0376R 02l1C 0212R 0410C 041lR 0413C 0414R 0427C Sample TG126 TG134 TG134 TGI34 TG134 TG134 TGl35 TGl35 TGi35 TGl35 TG135 TGI63 TGI63 TGl92 TGI92 TGl92 TGl92 TG192 Crystal 4 1 2 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 I 2 2 3

SiO, 37.86 39.79 40.07 39.97 39.62 39.92 39.32 39.04 39.38 39.11 38.58 36.93 37.27 38.89 39.36 39.80 38.90 37.86 TiO, 0.00 0.03 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AI,O, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 24.21 17.30 16.85 16.37 16.10 15.85 14.93 15.01 15.61 15.29 17.09 29.81 29.43 19.89 19.57 16.87 22.25 22.11 MnO 0.22 0.23 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.24 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.23 0.37 0.43 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.24 0.31 MgO 38.71 44.19 43.69 43.88 44.38 42.47 44.62 44.68 44.41 44.56 43.04 33.76 33.90 40.61 40.73 42.77 38.35 37.92 Cao 0.18 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.09 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.10 Na20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr20, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.04 0.15 0.09 0.10 0.29 0.21 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 om 0.02 0.05 0.16 0.15 0.10 0.12 0.11 TOTAL 101.23 101.82 101.03 100.66 100.65 98.79 99.30 99.22 99.84 99.39 99.16 101.01 101.23 99.90 100.20 99.91 99.96 98.41

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 0.983 0.992 1.003 1.003 0.995 1.018 0.995 0.990 0.994 0.991 0.989 0.988 0.992 1.001 1.007 1.008 1.011 1.002 Ti 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 AI 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0.526 0.361 0.353 0.343 0.338 0.338 0.316 0.318 0.330 0.324 0.366 0.667 0.655 0.428 0.419 0.357 0.483 0.489 Mn 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.008 0.010 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.007 Mg 1.498 1.643 1.631 1.641 1.661 1.614 1.684 1.689 1.672 1.684 1.645 1.346 1.345 1.558 1.554 1.615 1.485 1.495 Ca 0.005 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.003 Na 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 K 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.006 0.004 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 TOTAL 3.017 3.007 2.996 2.997 3.005 2.982 3.005 3.009 3.006 3.009 3.011 3.012 3.008 2.999 2.992 2.992 2.989 2.998

Fo 74.0 82.0 82.2 82.7 83.1 82.7 84.2 84.1 83.5 83.9 81.8 66.9 67.3 78.4 78.8 81.9 75.4 75.3 Fa 26.0 18.0 17.8 17.3 16.9 17.3 15.8 15.9 16.5 16.1 18.2 33.1 32.7 21.6 21.2 18.1 24.6 24.7

Mg# 74.0 82.0 82.2 82.7 83.1 82.7 84.2 84.2 83.5 83.9 81.8 66.9 67.3 78.4 78.8 81.9 75.5 75.4 Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0428R 1138C 1139R 1140R 1142C 1143R 1146C 1147R 1148C 1149R 0858C 0859R 0866C 0867R 1271C 1272R 1273C 1276C Sample TGl92 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 Crystal 3 2 2 3 3 4 4 2 2 3 3 4 4

SiOz 37.29 39.79 39.19 37.97 39.46 39.37 38.60 37.60 39.12 37.17 41.26 41.22 42.16 41.76 41.24 40.53 41.62 41.27 TiOz 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AlzO, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 27.35 15.29 19.27 20.71 17.22 18.78 21.33 23.54 19.43 26.51 10.57 10.86 5.87 8.09 8.32 10.87 5.95 5.90 MnO 0.44 0.24 0.29 0.24 0.30 0.20 0.27 0.30 0.25 0.32 0.13 0.08 0.12 0.10 0.08 0.12 0.04 0.08 MgO 34.61 45.30 42.03 40.45 43.33 42.32 40.21 37.39 41.47 34.36 48.38 48.83 52.53 50.80 49.51 47.91 51.94 50.65 CaO 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.08 0.19 NazO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D2 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzO, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.04 0.14 0.08 0.06 0.38 NiO 0.06 0.11 0.03 0.06 0.09 0.14 0.29 0.28 0.31 0.16 0.37 0.43 0.57 0.56 0.51 0.35 0.53 0.62 TOTAL 99.87 100.87 100.97 99.59 100.57 100.96 100.80 99.19 100.68 98.65 100.81 101.55 101.48 101.46 99.89 99.99 100.22 99.11

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 0.997 0.993 0.995 0.986 0.996 0.997 0.993 0.995 0.997 1.003 1.006 1.000 1.002 1.002 1.006 1.000 1.001 1.005 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Al 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0.612 0.319 0.409 0.450 0.364 0.398 0.459 0.521 0.414 0.598 0.216 0.220 0.117 0.162 0.170 0.224 0.120 0.120 Mn 0.010 0.005 0.006 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.006 0.007 0.005 0.007 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.001 0.002 Mg 1.380 1.685 1.590 1.567 1.631 1.597 1.542 1.475 1.576 1.382 1.759 1.766 1.861 1.817 1.800 1.762 1.863 1.839 Ca 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.005 Na 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 K 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.007 Ni 0.001 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.007 0.008 0.011 0.011 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.012 TOTAL 3.003 3.007 3.005 3.014 3.004 3.003 3.008 3.005 3.003 2.997 2.994 3.000 2.998 2.998 2.993 3.000 2.998 2.992

Fo 69.3 84.1 79.5 77.7 81.8 80.1 77.1 73.9 79.2 69.8 89.1 88.9 94.1 91.8 91.4 88.7 94.0 93.9 Fa 30.7 15.9 20.5 22.3 18.2 19.9 22.9 26.\ 20.8 30.2 10.9 11.1 5.9 8.2 8.6 11.3 6.0 6.1

Mg# 69.3 84.1 79.5 77.7 81.8 80.1 77.1 73.9 79.2 69.8 89.1 88.9 94.1 91.8 91.4 88.7 93.9 93.9 Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1275R I 274R 1292C 1293R 1294C 1295R OS29C 0530R 0536C 0537R 0548C 0550C 0551R 1209C 1210R 1212C 1214R 1357C Sample TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG288 Crystal 4 4 5 5 6 6 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

Si01 41.55 41.57 41.20 41.22 41.87 39.98 41.05 40.50 41.16 40.68 40.81 41.06 41.19 41.63 40.43 41.78 40.15 41.03 TiO, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AI,O, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 5.21 6.34 5.66 8.56 6.38 13.26 8.29 9.32 6.08 9.42 7.32 6.78 5.45 7.75 12.40 7.06 1L71 8.64 MnO 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.14 0.12 0.06 0.Q3 om 0.15 0.05 0.05 0.Q7 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.09 MgO 51.21 50.46 52.18 49.56 51.46 45.87 SO.27 49.03 52.30 49.46 50.52 51.57 51.19 50.63 46.52 50.95 45.36 49.00 CaO 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.10 0.10 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.13 0.11 0.16 Na10 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.Q3 0.00 Cr,O, 0.15 0.06 0.11 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.Q7 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.47 0.44 0.57 0.58 0.61 0.60 0.33 0.29 0.52 0.54 0.37 0.34 0.38 0.46 0.48 0.66 0.50 0.33 TOTAL 98.77 99.03 99.81 100.09 100.52 100.06 100.26 99.34 100.29 100.33 99.40 99.96 98.43 100.65 100.02 100.79 98.04 99.25

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 1.010 1.012 0.995 1.005 1.006 0.998 0.998 0.998 0.992 0.994 0.997 0.994 1.006 1.005 1.004 1.005 1.014 1.008 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Al 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0.106 0.129 0.114 0.174 0.128 0.277 0.169 0.192 0.123 0.193 0.150 0.137 0.111 0.156 0.257 0.142 0.247 0.177 Mn 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 Mg 1.856 1.832 1.879 1.801 1.843 1.707 1.822 1.801 1.879 1.802 1.840 1.862 1.864 1.821 1.721 1.827 1.708 1.794 Ca 0.002 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 . 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002 0.003 0.002 0.003 0.003 0.004 Na 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 K 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 Cr 0.003 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.001 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.009 0.009 0.011 0.011 0.012 0.012 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.011 0.007 0.007 0.008 0.009 0.010 0.013 0.010 0.007 TOTAL 2.989 2.987 3.004 2.995 2.993 3.001 3.002 3.002 3.008 3.005 3.002 3.005 2.993 2.996 2.996 2.995 2.987 2.992

Fo 94.6 93.4 94.3 91.2 95.5 86.0 91.5 90.4 93.9 90.3 92.5 93.1 94.4 92.1 87.0 92.8 87.4 91.0 Fa 5.4 6.6 5.7 8.8 6.S 14.0 8.5 9.6 6.1 9.7 7.5 6.9 5.6 7.9 13.0 7.2 12.6 9.0

Mg# 94.6 93.4 94.3 91.2 93.5 86.0 91.5 90.4 93.9 90.3 92.5 93.1 94.4 92.1 87.0 92.8 87.4 91.0 Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1358R 1382C 1383R 1384C 1385R 1386C 1387R 1388C 1389R 1405C 1406R 140SC 1409R 1428C 1429R 1447C 1448R 1449C Sample TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 Crystal 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

SiOz 38.77 39.44 39.11 40.81 39.78 39.61 39.52 40.94 39.71 41.39 40.80 40.25 3S.76 41.26 40.16 41.44 41.34 41.43 TiOz 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 AhO, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 FeO 18.60 16.69 17.06 9.34 15.09 16.36 16.45 9.89 14.37 8.68 10.63 13.05 21.04 9.70 12.61 8.57 10.80 8.46 MnO 0.10 0.19 0.06 0.04 0.24 0.10 0.24 0.00 0.13 0.13 0.00 0.21 0.30 0.13 0.20 0.08 0.03 0.07 MgO 42.29 43.13 42.51 49.29 44.56 43.69 43.66 48.62 45.60 49.64 48.10 46.35 40.85 48.36 46.37 49.88 48.83 49.63 CaO 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.18 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.15 0.12 0.27 0.18 0.15 0.12 0.17 Na10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

CrZ03 0.08 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.Q2 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q7 NiO 0.14 0.08 0.07 0.34 0.16 0.06 0.16 0.37 0.21 0.33 0.22 0.20 0.04 0.10 0.13 0.29 0.29 0.43 TOTAL 100.13 99.70 98.99 99.96 100.04 99.99 100.19 99.99 100.21 100.32 99.92 100.28 101.12 99.87 99.64 100.40 101.41 100.27

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 0.990 1.001 1.002 0.999 1.000 1.001 0.998 1.004 0.993 1.006 1.004 0.999 0.991 1.011 1.001 1.005 1.003 1.007 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 AI 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Fe 0.397 0.354 0.365 0.191 0.317 0.346 0.348 0.203 0.301 0.176 0.219 0.271 0.450 0.199 0.263 0.174 0.219 0.172 Mn 0.002 0.004 0.001 0.001 0.005 0.002 0.005 0.000 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.004 0.007 0.003 0.004 0.002 0.001 0.001 Mg 1.610 1.632 1.623 1.799 1.670 1.645 1.644 1.777 1.700 1.799 1.764 1.716 1.557 1.766 1.723 1.804 1.766 1.798 Ca 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.007 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.004 Na 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 K 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cr 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.001 Ni 0.003 0.002 0.001 0.007 0.003 0.001 0.003 0.007 0.004 0.007 0.004 0.004 0.001 0.002 0.003 0.006 0.006 0.008 TOTAL 3.009 2.998 2.998 3.001 3.000 2.999 3.002 2.996 3.006 2.994 2.996 3.000 3.009 2.989 2.999 2.995 2.997 2.993

Fo 80.2 82.2 81.6 90.4 84.0 82.6 82.6 89.8 85.0 9L1 89.0 86.4 77.6 89.9 86.8 91.2 89.0 91.3 Fa 19.8 17.8 18.4 9.6 16.0 17.4 17.4 10.2 15.0 8.9 11.0 13.6 22.4 10.1 13.2 8.8 11.0 8.7

Mg# 80.2 82.2 81.6 90.4 84.0 82.6 82.5 89.7 85.0 91.1 89.0 86.4 77.6 89.9 86.8 91.2 89.0 91.3 Table A9.1 Microprobe analyses of olivine in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1450R Sample TG289 Crystal 5

Si~: 41.37 TiOz 0.00 AI20 3 0.00 FeO 9.51 MnO 0.Q7 MgO 49.87 Cao 0.17 Na20 0.00 KzO 0.00 Cr103 0.05 NiO 0.40 TOTAL 101.45

Number of cations on basis of 4 oxygens Si 0.999 Ti 0.000 Al 0.000 Fe 0.192 Mn 0.001 Mg 1.795 Ca 0.004 Na 0.000 K 0.000 Cr 0.001 Ni 0.008 TOTAL 3.001

Fo 90.3 Fa 9.7

Mg# 90.3

1..0 00 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 0001C 0002R 0003C 0004R 0025C 0024R 0028C 0029R 0062M 0045C 0046R 0070C 00711 oo72R 0077C oo78R 0079C 0080R Sample TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGooI TGool TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 2 2 3 3

Si02 49.36 52.57 53.89 52.58 49.09 50.82 48.35 52.31 50.81 53.29 53.88 48.91 47.45 47.63 45.82 47.68 53.37 50.90 Ti02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.14 0.08 0.Q4 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 AI20) 30.33 28.09 28.69 28.78 31.17 30.54 31.59 29.10 29.15 28.43 28.47 32.38 33.26 33.19 34.20 32.94 28.86 30.26 FeO 0.55 0.71 0.61 0.71 0.61 0.58 0.76 0.93 1.10 0.71 0.69 0.46 0.62 0.54 0.58 0.62 0.65 0.67 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.06 om 0.13 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.06 CaO 15.08 12.73 12.91 13.15 15.55 14.81 16.45 13.76 13.76 12.50 12.53 15.66 16.80 16.79 17.76 15.32 12.01 13.81 Na20 2.50 3.96 3.91 3.35 2.14 2.78 1.97 3.39 3.30 4.46 4.37 2.56 1.93 1.99 1.33 2.15 4.30 3.48

K 20 0.08 0.20 0.23 0.23 om 0.13 0.06 0.17 0.23 0.21 0.24 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.17 0.10 Cr20) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 98.01 98.38 100.42 98.94 98.79 99.75 99.29 99.82 98.62 99.75 100.31 100.19 100.16 100.17 99.76 98.82 99.42 99.30

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.206 9.715 9.741 9.652 9.090 9.298 8.947 9.553 9.423 9.717 9.759 8.949 8.716 8.743 8.477 8.833 9.729 9.349 Ti 0.006 0.006 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.007 0.007 0.019 0.011 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000· 0.000 0.004 AI 6.666 6.118 6.110 6.227 6.804 6.586 6.889 6.264 6.372 6.108 6.076 6.982 7.200 7.180 7.458 7.192 6.201 6.551 Fe 0.085 0.110 0.093 0.108 0.095 0.088 0.117 0.142 0.171 0.108 0.104 0.070 0.095 0.083 0.090 0.096 0.100 0.103 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.017 0.019 0.035 0.031 0.023 0.Q18 0.019 0.030 0.032 0.021 0.025 0.012 0.011 0.000 0.005 0.012 0.016 0.Q15 Ca 3.014 2.520 2.500 2.586 3.086 2.903 3.261 2.692 2.733 2.442 2.432 3.069 3.306 3.302 3.521 3.041 2.345 2.718 Na 0.905 1.418 1.371 1.192 0.770 0.988 0.708 1.201 1.187 1.576 1.533 0.910 0.686 0.709 0.478 0.771 1.521 1.240 K 0.019 0.048 0.053 0.054 0.016 0.031 0.013 0.040 0.055 0.048 0.055 0.014 0.007 0.009 0.010 0.013 0.039 0.023 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.918 19.953 19.910 19.855 19.894 19.915 19.962 19.928 19.993 20.031 19.991 20.022 20.026 20.026 20.038 19.962 19.950 20.003

An 76.6 63.4 64.0 67.7 79.8 74.1 82.0 68.7 69.0 60.2 60.7 77.0 82.7 82.1 87.9 79.6 60.2 68.4 Ab 22.9 35.4 34.7 30.9 19.8 25.1 17.7 30.3 29.6 38.6 37.9 22.7 17.1 17.6 11.9 20.1 38.8 31.0 Or 0.5 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.4 0.8 0.3 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.4 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.3 1.0 0.6

\0 \0 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis OO98C 00991 OlooR 0105C 0106R 1032C 1033R 1037C 1038R 1040C 1041R 1046C 10471 1048R 1053C 10541 0746C 0749R Sample TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG051 TGOSI TG051 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG074 TG074 Crystal 4 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 1 1

Si02 51.50 53.82 52.58 46.64 49.99 53.12 51.22 52.54 52.87 50.42 51.32 53.64 51.70 51.99 54.52 53.47 55.80 53.49 Ti02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.04 O.OO 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.02 O.OO 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.Q3 AIz0 3 30.42 28.44 29.86 33.44 31.73 29.06 30.11 29.15 29.39 30.34 30.25 28.68 29.93 29.68 29.04 28.75 25.57 29.83 FcO 0.76 0.76 0.69 0.53 0.81 0.59 0.65 0.75 0.73 0.66 0.46 0.42 0.46 0.58 0.59 0.56 0.54 0.38 MnO 0.00 O.OO 0.02 O.OO 0.00 0.03 0.00 O.OO O.oo O.OO 0.00 0.00 O.OO O.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 MgO 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.03 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.Q3 0.02 0.00 CaO 13.01 11.60 12.68 17.01 14.70 12.66 14.14 13.16 13.11 14.73 14.40 12.30 13.92 13.27 12.69 13.17 11.94 13.17 Na20 3.68 4.59 4.09 1.72 2.93 4.23 3.62 4.04 4.24 3.23 3.36 4.55 3.77 3.91 4.31 4.03 4.74 4.05 K 20 0.11 0.16 0.14 0.02 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.13 0.12 0.18 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.19 0.13 Cr 20 3 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 O.OO 0.02 0.00 0.00 O.OO 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.OO 0.00 NiO O.OO O.OO 0.00 O.OO O.OO O.OO 0.Q2 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 O.OO 0.00 O.OO O.OO TOTAL 99.60 99.49 loo.20 99.39 100.38 99.93 100.02 99.95 100.62 99.57 99.99 99.85 99.98 99.68 101.33 100.23 101.85 lOLlS

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.408 9.802 9.539 8.637 9.111 9.657 9.358 9.577 9.573 9.266 9.363 9.744 9.431 9,498 9.758 9.695 9.910 9.602 Ti 0.oo7 0.oo6 0.007 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.oo3 0.007 0.000 0.005 0.oo3 O.OOO 0.004 O.OOO 0.oo6 0.007 0.004 AI 6.550 6.105 6.385 7.299 6.816 6.228 6.483 6.264 6.272 6.573 6.505 6.141 6.434 6.389 6.126 6.145 5.981 6.311 Fe 0.116 0.116 0.105 0.082 0.123 0.090 0.099 0.115 0.110 0.101 0.070 0.064 0.070 0.088 0.089 0.085 0.080 0.057 Mn O.OOO 0.000 0.oo4 0.000 0.000 i 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.013 Mg 0.013 0.Ql8 0.023 0.oo7 0.015 0.016 0.Ql8 0.019 0.011 0.013 0.013 0.014 0.010 0.015 0.007 0.008 0.005 0.000 Ca 2.546 2.264 2.464 3.376 2.871 2.467 2.768 2.570 2.544 2.900 2.815 2.394 2.721 2.597 2.434 2.559 2.272 2.532 Na 1.303 1.621 1.439 0.619 1.036 1.491 1.281 1.429 1.490 1.151 1.188 1.601 1.332 1.386 1.496 1.418 1.632 10408 K 0.026 0.037 0.032 0.oo6 0.021 0.041 0.033 0.040 0.043 0.030 0.029 0.043 0.028 0.Q38 0.036 0.041 0.043 0.029 Cr 0.003 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.005 0.000 O.OOO 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.972 19.969 19.997 20.026 20.002 19.995 20.051 20.022 20.050 20.036 19.988 20.004 20.032 20.016 19.946 19.956 19.930 19.957

An 65.8 57.9 62.9 84.5 73.2 61.7 67.8 63.6 62.4 71.1 69.8 59.3 66.7 64.6 61.4 63.7 57.6 63.8 Ab 33.5 41.2 36.3 15.4 26.3 37.3 31.4 35.4 36.6 28.2 29.5 39.6 32.6 34.5 37.7 35.3 41.3 35.5 Or 0.7 0.9 0.8 0.1 0.5 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 0.7 0.7 1.1 0.7 0.9 0.9 1.0 LI 0.7

l-' o o Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0750C 0751R 0764C 0765R 0766C 0767I 0768R 0769C 0770R 1117C 1118R 1119C 1120R 1121C 1122R 1123C 1124R 1125C Sample TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

Si02 51.85 54.28 52.69 56.59 54.62 58.45 56.22 57.41 53.65 54.09 52.78 49.81 55.45 52.62 56.68 48.28 54.80 53.47 Ti02 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.03 AI20 J 30.92 28.72 29.77 27.37 28.46 26.99 27.99 27.95 29.60 29.26 29.78 30.98 27.88 30.35 27.82 32.33 28.21 28.92 FeO 0.43 0.63 0.43 0.62 0.42 0.36 0.55 0.26 0.75 0.49 0.56 0.34 0.39 0.47 0.43 0.40 0.54 0.32 MnO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 CaO 14.50 12.05 12.92 10.61 11.88 9.56 11.10 10.40 12.98 12.13 12.88 14.69 10.74 12.73 10.33 16.34 11.22 12.07 Na20 3.39 4.36 4.01 5.37 4.57 6.04 5.33 5.62 4.40 4.50 4.14 3.04 5.08 3.89 5.30 2.01 4.86 4.40

K 20 0.07 0.13 0.11 0.20 0.18 0.29 0.21 0.25 0.11 0.17 0.15 0.09 0.18 0.14 0.31 0.06 0.22 0.12 Cr20J 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 101.30 100.26 99.99 100.89 100.15 101.78 101.50 101.98 101.60 100.71 100.40 98.98 99.81 100.26 100.89 99.46 99.92 99.33

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.334 9.801 9.566 10.118 9.862 10.314 10.009 10.133 9.609 9.731 9.556 9.190 10.014 9.520 10.114 8.900 9.913 9.741 Ti 0.006 0.007 0.003 0.003 0.004 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.007 0.006 0.003 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.000 0.003 . 0.005 0.004 AI 6.559 6.112 6.369 5.768 6.057 5.614 5.874 5.813 6.248 6.204 6.356 6.736 5.934 6.472 5.851 7.025 6.014 6.210 Fe 0.065 0.095 0.065 0.092 0.063 0.053 0.081 0.039 0.113 0.073 0.085 0.053 0.060 0.072 0.065 0.062 0.081 0.049 Mn 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.005 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.009 0.008 0.012 0.022 0.000 0.006 0.011 0.009 0.013 0.000 O.oI5 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.010 0.000 Ca 2.797 2.332 2.514 2.033 2.298 1.808 2.118 1.967 2.491 2.337 2.499 2.904 2.078 2.468 1.974 3.228 2.176 2.355 Na 1.184 1.527 1.410 1.863 1.601 2.068 1.840 1.925 1.528 1.571 1.455 1.087 1.779 1.363 1.833 0.720 1.704 1.553 K 0.017 0.030 0.027 0.047 0.040 0.065 0.048 0.057 0.026 0.040 0.035 0.022 0.041 0.033 0.070 O.oI5 0.051 0.029 Cr 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.979 19.914 19.965 19.948 19.926 19.937 19.990 19.950 20.036 19.966 20.008 19.996 19.924 19.935 19.913 19.952 19.953 19.941

An 70.0 60.0 63.6 51.6 58.4 45.9 52.9 49.8 61.6 59.2 62.6 72.4 53.3 63.9 50.9 81.5 55.3 59.8 Ab 29.6 39.3 35.7 47.2 40.6 52.5 45.9 48.7 37.8 39.8 36.5 27.1 45.6 35.3 47.3 18.1 43.4 39.5 Or 0.4 0.7 0.7 1.2 1.0 1.6 1.2 1.5 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.5 1.1 0.8 1.8 0.4 1.3 0.7

...... o ...... Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1126R 1127C 1129R 1130C 1131R 0624C 0629R 0626C 0627C 0628R 0631R 0649C 0650R 0656C 0657R 0244C 0245R 0247C Sample TG080 TG080 TG080 TGOgO TGOgO TG09S TG098 TG09S TG098 TG098 TG09S TG09S TG098 TG09S TG09S TG112 TGIl2 TG1l2 Crystal 5 6 6 7 7 1 2 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 2

S[01 54.15 45.78 54.05 51.58 51.79 55.21 55.82 55.42 55.74 53.07 52.34 51.08 56.16 53.70 51.41 47.12 50.80 47.76 TiOz 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.04 0.Q2 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.04 AhOJ 28.41 33.11 28.76 30.Q3 29.64 27.06 26.54 26.69 26.21 28.06 28,41 31.89 28.21 29.69 30.82 32.11 30.27 31.58 FeO 0.67 0.49 0.41 0.41 0.66 0.16 0.19 0.32 0.29 0.28 0,48 0.44 0.58 0,42 0.59 0.41 0.76 0.59 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.Ql 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.14 0.12 CaO 11.62 17.50 11.45 13.39 13.30 10.21 9.53 10.27 9.83 11.89 12.21 14.64 11.16 13.18 14.20 16.58 14.66 16.54 Na,O 4.64 1.50 4.79 3.74 3.95 5.30 6.07 5.26 5.92 4.67 4.49 3.14 SAO 4.31 3.58 2.15 3.21 2.19 K20 0.22 0.04 0.16 0.05 0.13 0.28 0.28 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.07 0.23 0.12 0.14 0.04 0.09 0.05 Cr20J 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.82 98.42 99.70 99.26 99.57 98.22 98.43 98.20 98.26 98.21 98.17 101.34 101.80 101.43 100.76 98.44 100.05 98.87

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.827 8.581 9.804 9.451 9.478 10.116 10.208 10.157 10.220 9.791 9.685 9.194 9.979 9.620 9.315 8.804 9.290 8.S88 Ti 0.006 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 . 0.007 0.006 AI 6.076 7.314 6.148 6.484 6.393 5.843 5.719 5.766 5.662 6.100 6.196 6.765 5.908 6.269 6.582 7.071 6.525 6.926 Fe 0.101 0.077 0.062 0.062 0.101 0.025 0.029 0.049 0.045 0.043 0.074 0.067 0.086 0.063 0.090 0.063 0.116 0.091 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.012 0.000 0.010 0.006 0.020 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.011 0.007 0.010 0.010 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.Q38 0.033 Ca 2.259 3.514 2.225 2.629 2.608 2.005 1.868 2.016 1.931 2.350 2.420 2.824 2.124 2.531 2.756 3.319 2.872 3.298 Na 1.631 0.546 1.685 1.330 1.401 1.881 2.152 1.870 2.103 1.670 1.609 1.097 1.860 1.498 1.257 0.780 1.140 0.790 K 0.052 0.009 0.036 0.012 0.031 ' 0.065 0.066 0.044 0.041 0.041 0.044 0.015 0.052 0.Q28 0.032 0.011 0.022 0.011 Cr 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.008 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.968 20.040 19.977 19.978 20.036 19.935 20.041 19.914 20.021 20.008 20.041 19.976 20.021 20.008 20.035 20.053 20.018 20.043

An 57.3 86.4 56.4 66.2 64.5 50.7 45.7 51.3 47,4 57.9 59,4 71.7 52.6 62.4 68.1 SO.7 71.2 80.4 Ab 41.4 13.4 42.7 33.5 34.7 47.6 52.7 47.6 51.6 41.1 39.5 27.9 46.1 36.9 3U 19.0 28.3 19.3 Or 1.3 0.2 0.9 0.3 0.8 1.7 1.6 Ll 1.0 1.0 1.1 OA 1.3 0.7 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0248R 0251C 0252R 0262C 0263R 0264C 0265R 0284M 0689C 0691R 0700C 0702R 0712M 0713M 0714C 07151 0727C 0728R Sample T01l2 T01l2 T01l2 T01l2 TGlI2 TGlI2 TGl12 TGlI2 TOilS TOllS TOllS TOIlS TOllS TOilS TOllS TGl15 T01l5 TOllS Crystal 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 1 2 2 3 4 5 5 6 6

Si0 50.96 2 55.70 50.77 53.63 51.37 50.39 50.97 50.39 55.29 48.74 54.70 50.80 52.12 52.74 48.17 48.00 49.02 49.91 Ti0 0.04 0.04 2 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.D3 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 AhO, 30.36 27.86 30.52 28.43 30.60 31.26 31.29 29.91 27.41 31.42 28.09 29.86 29.93 29.66 32.21 32.58 31.89 32.23 FeO 0.70 0.40 0.68 0.51 0.67 0.50 0.42 0.71 0.45 0.60 0.46 0.72 0.65 0.69 0.50 0.67 0.54 0.59 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.18 0.00 0.19 0.04 0.16 0.00 0.03 0.18 0.00 0.13 0.00 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 15.18 10.88 15.08 12.16 15.14 14.91 15.07 14.65 10.16 15.25 10.84 14.15 14.34 13.89 16.34 16.09 16.25 15.93 3.23 Na10 5.36 3.19 4.79 3.27 2.75 3.45 3.24 4.84 2.19 4.50 3.05 3.24 3.47 1.96 1.87 2.30 2.30 K 0 0.10 0.19 0.09 0.21 2 0.07 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.28 0.05 0.24 0.09 0.10 0.14 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.00 Cr10, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.75 100.44 100.53 99.82 101.33 99.92 101.42 99.26 98.46 98.39 98.85 98.88 100.58 100.80 99.22 99.34 100.07 101.07

Number of cations on basis of32 oxygens Si 9.267 10.012 9.248 9.757 9.279 9.203 9.200 9.292 10.098 9.057 9.968 9.372 9.447 9.527 8.903 8.862 8.987 9.039 Ti 0.006 0.006 0.003 0.008 0.007 0.005 0.005 0.006 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.006 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.003 Al 6.508 5.902 6.552 6.096 6.514 6.728 6.655 6.500 5.900 6.880 6.034 6.493 6.394 6.314 7.016 7.090 6.890 6.880 Fe 0.106 0.060 0.103 0.077 0.101 0.076 0.064 0.109 0.069 0.094 0.071 0.1l0 0.099 0.104 0.077 0.103 0.083 0.089 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.048 0.000 0.052 0.010 0.044 0.000 0.007 0.050 0.000 0.037 0.000 0.041 0.037 0.044 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ca 2.957 2.095 2.943 2.371 2.931 2.918 2.915 2.895 1.987 3.035 2.116 2.797 2.786 2.689 3.235 3.183 3.192 3.091 Na 1.139 1.869 J.127 1.689 1.145 0.972 1.206 1.158 1.714 0.788 1.591 1.091 1.138 1.217 0.704 0.668 0.816 0.809 K 0.024 0.045 0.020 0.048 0.017 0.021 0.028 0.020 0.065 0.013 0.057 0.020 0.024 0.032 0.013 0.014 0.019 0.020 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 20.055 19.988 20.047 20.056 20.038 19.925 20.084 20.039 19.838 19.903 19.839 19.934 19.932 19.934 19.947 19.930 19.986 19.932

An 71.7 52.3 72.0 57.7 71.6 74.6 70.2 71.1 52.8 79.1 56.2 71.6 70.6 68.3 81.9 82.3 79.3 78.9 Ab 27.7 46.6 27.5 4L1 28.0 24.9 29.1 28.4 45.5 20.6 42.3 27.9 28.8 30.9 17.8 17.3 20.2 20.6 Or 0.6 Ll 0.5 1.2 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5 1.7 0.3 1.5 0.5 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0148C 0149R 0151C 0152R 0153C 0154R 0158M 0159M 0l60C 0163R 0165R 0166C 0167R 0178M 0302C 0303R 0304C 0305R Sample TG126 TG126 TGI26 TG126 TG126 TG!26 TGI26 TG126 TG126 TG126 TG126 TG126 TG126 TGI26 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5 6 6 7 1 2 2

SiO, 54.88 49.38 55.18 50.40 51.30 55.47 47.89 50.15 52.06 51.08 48.91 53.44 55.71 49.43 51.04 54.01 50.87 56.25

Ti01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.12 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 AhOJ 28.82 31.47 27.75 29.74 29.19 26.63 31.70 29.92 29.47 29.62 30.84 28.83 27.88 30.67 29.30 27.84 29.67 25.92 FeO 0.46 0.84 0.38 0.80 OAO 1.04 0.66 0.74 0.33 0.55 0.64 0.40 0.43 0.65 0.43 0.56 0.29 0.31 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.04 0.17 0.03 0.15 0.03 0.25 0.\0 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.12 0.03 0.00 0.12 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.02 CaO \0.80 15.36 10.80 14.46 13.13 11.29 16.45 14.92 13.28 13.38 15.42 12.07 10.12 14.87 13.55 11.51 13.94 9.22 NazO 4.98 2.30 5.22 3.23 3.91 4.66 2.\0 3.02 3.88 3.84 2.59 4.58 5.28 2.67 3.85 4.95 3.67 6.09

K 20 0.18 0.Q7 0.21 0.11 0.16 0.34 0.05 0.09 0.13 0.12 0.08 0.18 0.23 0.05 0.12 0.21 0.12 0.29 CrZ0 3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.19 99.65 99.59 98.93 98.18 99.83 99.04 98.97 99.17 98.69 98.66 99.56 99.66 98.52 98.36 99.09 98.58 98.11

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.882 9.074 9.999 9.321 9.509 10.069 8.893 9.278 9.542 9.435 9.087 9.729 10.061 9.173 9.460 9.877 9.407 10.310 Ti 0.003 0.004 0.004 0.006 0.005 0.017 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.000 . 0.000 0.000 Al 6.116 6.816 5.926 6.482 6.379 5.696 6.939 6.523 6.366 6.449 6.755 6.186 5.934 6.709 6.400 6.001 6.468 5.600 Fe 0.070 0.129 0.058 0.123 0.063 0.158 0.103 0.114 0.050 0.085 0.099 0.061 0.065 0.102 0.067 0.086 0.045 0.047 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg O.Oll 0.047 0.008 0.043 0.009 0.067 0.028 0.027 0.000 0.010 0.035 0.007 0.000 0.032 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.006 Ca 2.084 3.025 2.098 2.866 2.608 2.196 3.274 2.957 2.609 2.648 3.071 2.355 1.958 2.956 2.690 2.256 2.762 1.810 Na 1.739 0.819 1.833 1.156 1.407 1.639 0.757 1.085 1.379 1.375 0.932 1.617 1.848 0.960 1.383 1.756 1.315 2.166 K 0.041 0.016 0.048 0,025 0.037 0.079 0.011 0.020 0.031 0.029 0.020 0.042 0.053 0.013 0.029 0.049 0.029 0.069 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.946 19.932 19.974 20.023 20.019 19.925 20.018 20.009 19.980 20.039 20.007 20.003 19.922 19.953 20.041 20.025 20.029 20.007

An 54.1 78.6 52.8 71.1 64.4 56.8 81.1 73.0 64.9 65.5 76.5 58.8 50.7 75.5 65.6 55.6 67.3 44.8 Ab 44.9 21.0 46.0 28.3 34.6 41.2 18.6 26.5 34.3 33.9 23.0 40.2 47.9 24.2 33.7 43.2 32.0 53.5 Or 1.0 0.4 1.2 0.6 1.0 2.0 0.3 0.5 0.8 0.6 0.5 1.0 1.4 0.3 0.7 1.2 0.7 1.7 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0307C 0308R 0324C 0325R 0326C 0327R 0335C 0336R 0337C 0338R 0342C 0343R 0345C 0346R 03571 035MR 0377C 0378R Sample TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 TG135 Crystal 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5

SiOz 54.15 53.54 53.87 56.05 49.88 53.04 54.43 54.28 55.47 50.84 52.43 57.60 52.65 53.73 53.18 54.21 52.00 51.53 TiOz 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.Q2 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04

AlzOJ 27.28 28.76 29.64 27.84 31.56 29.09 27.91 28.00 27.39 29.99 29.21 27.39 29.05 28.20 28.96 28.81 29.35 30.00 FeO 0.34 0.48 0.39 0.38 0.49 0.41 0.38 0.40 0.42 0.53 0.30 0.33 0.46 0.52 0.45 0.31 0.47 0.52 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 CaO 11.13 12.43 12.82 10.95 15.46 13.Q4 11.68 12.00 10.24 13.57 12.12 9.60 12.16 11.10 12.02 11.49 12.78 13.45 NazO 5.03 4.30 4.54 5.35 3.07 4.40 4.76 4.90 5.19 3.45 4.24 5.55 4.26 4.72 4.50 4.59 3.99 3.67 KzO 0.23 0.14 0.17 0.29 0.06 0.14 0.22 0.20 0.28 0.12 0.21 0.32 0.15 0.21 0.18 0.23 0.16 0.15 CrzOJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 TOTAL 98.19 99.69 101.46 100.86 100.58 100.14 99.40 99.83 99.02 98.59 98.56 100.84 98.76 98.53 99.29 99.65 98.82 99.42

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.970 9.738 9.643 10.034 9.089 9.633 9.906 9.858 10.089 9.391 9.640 10.249 9.665 9.857 9.708 9.825 9.560 9.439 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.006 0.006 0.005 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.005 Al 5.919 6.165 6.254 5.875 6.778 6.226 5.987 5.992 5.872 6.530 6.330 5.745 6.284 6.097 6.230 6.155 6.361 6.477 Fe 0.053 0.073 0.058 0.057 0.Q75 0.062 0.058 0.061 0.063 0.082 0.046 0.050 0.071 0.080 0.069 0.046 0.072 0.079 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.008 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.008 0.006 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.012 0.000 Ca 2.195 2.422 2.458 2.100 3.017 2.538 2.277 2.335 1.995 2.686 2.388 1.830 2.391 2.183 2.350 2.231 2.517 2.640 Na 1.795 1.517 1.575 1.859 1.084 1.551 1.680 1.726 1.832 1.237 1.513 1.913 1.518 1.680 1.594 1.613 1.424 1.303 K 0.054 0.033 0.038 0.066 0.Ql5 0.033 0.051 0.046 0.064 0.029 0.048 0.072 0.035 0.050 0.042 0.052 0.036 0.034 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 TOTAL 19.994 19.955 20.032 19.991 20.067 20.045 19.966 20.028 19.920 19.971 19.970 19.866 19.966 19.956 19.994 19.926 19.986 19.986

An 54.3 61.0 60.4 52.2 73.3 61.6 56.8 56.9 51.3 68.0 60.5 48.0 60.6 55.8 59.0 57.3 63.3 66.4 Ab 44.4 38.2 38.7 46.2 26.3 37.6 41.9 42.0 47.1 31.3 38.3 50.1 38.5 42.9 40.0 41.4 35.8 32.8 Or 1.3 0.8 0.9 1.6 0.4 0.8 1.3 1.1 1.6 0.7 1.2 1.9 0.9 1.3 1.0 1.3 0.9 0.8 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0985C 09861 0987R 0996C 0997R 0998C 0999R 1004C 1005R 1014C 1015R OB05C 0804R 0822C 0823R 0824C 0826R OS27C Sample TG136 T0136 TG136 TG136 TG136 TG136 T0136 TG136 T0136 T0136 TG136 TG156 TG156 T0156 T0156 T0156 T0156 TG156 Crystal 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 2 3 3 4

Si01 46.56 50.34 53.06 47.04 51.74 49.37 51.61 47.87 53.88 45.46 47.31 51.65 53.27 50.02 50.44 48.89 53.41 49.65 Ti01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.D3 0.D3 0.05 0.04 AhO, 32.72 29.74 28.52 32.40 29.95 31.24 29.06 31.97 28.44 33.89 32.56 30.40 29.54 31.53 30.81 32.46 29.03 31.32 FeO 0.27 0.38 0.47 0.34 0.36 0.36 0.28 0.33 0.38 0.27 0.44 0.65 0.68 0.61 0.64 0.47 0.68 0.57 MnO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.05 CaO 17.49 14.06 11.83 16.78 13.55 15.17 12.87 16.62 11.89 18.26 16.66 13.99 13.34 14.21 14.26 15.65 12.30 14.87 Na10 1.82 3.68 4.83 1.71 3.88 2.98 4.19 2.17 4.66 1.19 2.14 3.64 4.05 2.76 3.04 2.31 4.10 2.71 KIO 0.02 0.10 0.13 0.02 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.15 0.01 0.02 0.13 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.05 0.13 0.08 Cr10l 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 98.94 98.30 98.86 98.28 99.59 99.23 98.09 99.00 99.40 99.11 99.14 100.52 101.13 99.29 99.36 99.90 99.79 99.28

Number of cations on basis of32 oxygens Si 8.674 9.351 9.735 8.788 9.457 9.105 9.561 8.882 9.812 8.467 B.777 9.375 9.587 9.180 9.261 8.956 9.703 9.137 Ti 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.006 0.004 0.004 0.004 0.007 0.005 AI 7.184 6.510 6.168 7.134 6.451 6.791 6.345 6.991 6.105 7.440 7.119 6.503 6.265 6.820 6.667 7.008 6.215 6. 793 Fe 0.041 0.060 0.072 0.053 0.056 0.055 0.043 0.051 0.058 0.042 0.069 0.098 0.102 0.094 0.098 0.073 0.103 0.087 Mn 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.015 0.021 0.011 0.016 0.008 0.021 0.014 Ca 3.491 2.798 2.326 3.358 2.653 2.999 2.554 3.303 2.319 3.643 3.312 2.721 2.573 2.795 2.805 3.071 2.394 2.933 Na 0.659 1.324 1.719 0.619 1.375 1.065 1.503 0.780 1.645 0.431 0.769 1.281 \.412 0.982 1.081 0.821 1.445 0.968 K 0.004 0.024 0.029 0.004 0.021 0.011 0.017 0.010 0.035 0.003 0.006 0.029 0.027 0.014 0.020 0.013 0.031 O.DlS Cr 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 20.062 20.068 20.055 19.956 20.014 20.038 20.027 20.017 19.975 20.030 20.051 20.025 19.993 19.904 19.953 19.953 19.920 19.954

An 84.0 67.5 57.1 84.4 65.5 73.6 62.7 80.7 58.0 89.3 81.1 67.5 64.1 73.7 71.8 78.6 61.9 74.9 Ab 15.9 31.9 42.2 15.5 34.0 26.1 36.9 19.1 41.1 10.6 18.8 31.8 35.2 25.9 27.7 21.0 37.3 24.7 Or 0.1 0.6 0.7 0.1 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.2 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.5 0.4 0.8 0.4 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0828R 0839C 0840R 0845C 0846R 0568C 05691 0570R 0586C 0587R 0599C 0600R 060lC 0602R 0604C 0605R 0606C 0609R Sample TGl56 TGl56 TGl56 TGl56 TGl56 TGl61 TGl61 TGI61 TGI61 TGI61 TGI61 TGI61 TGl61 TGl61 TGl61 TGI61 TG161 TG161 Crystal 4 5 5 6 6 I I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

Si01 50.19 52.45 50.47 53.76 52.59 51.96 53.23 52.94 51.30 52.99 53.84 53.16 52.45 47.84 54.53 53.33 55.03 54.57 Ti01 0.03 0.Q3 0.Q3 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.Q3 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.Q3 0.05 AI20 3 30.98 30.78 31.57 29.46 30.89 29.75 28.59 29.57 30.36 28.97 28.53 29.36 30.28 33.20 28.06 29.44 28.13 28.42 FeO 0.76 0.55 0.68 0.51 0.70 0.62 0.91 0.78 0.63 0.82 0.66 0.73 0.57 0.57 0.67 0.69 0.60 0.57 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.Q3 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.12 0.08 0.09 0.06 CaO 14.69 13.47 14.79 12.22 13.01 13.25 12.29 12.90 14.09 12.76 12.04 12.92 13.46 16.93 11.73 13.04 11.44 11.42 NazO 2.61 3.58 2.83 4.13 3.59 3.86 4.39 4.16 3.58 4.10 4.33 4.23 3.93 1.95 4.44 4.18 4.81 4.86 KIO 0.08 0.14 0.Q7 0.17 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.14 0.19 0.22 O.IS 0.15 0.04 0.31 0.15 0.25 0.22 CrZ03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.Q2 0.06 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 TOTAL 99.40 10LlO 100.55 100.40 101.03 99.64 99.71 100.67 100.17 99.97 99.70 100.69 100.95 100.64 99.93 100.96 100.43 100.18

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.218 9.432 9.169 9.695 9.452 9.495 9.707 9.573 9.350 9.644 9.788 9.608 9.462 8.744 9.S82 9.610 9.915 9.859 Ti 0.004 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.006 0.003 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.004 0.009 0.003 0.005 0.006 Al 6.706 6.523 6.760 6.261 6.543 6.406 6.144 6.302 6.523 6.213 6.112 6.253 6.438 7.153 5.994 6.252 5.975 6.052 Fe 0.117 0.083 0.103 0.077 0.106 0.094 0.138 0.118 0.097 0.124 0.100 0.110 0.086 0.087 0.102 0.104 0.090 0.086 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.Dl5 0.022 0.014 0.019 0.011 0.009 0.023 0.013 0.014 0.019 0.022 0.021 0.013 0.021 0.033 0.021 0.023 0.016 Ca 2.891 2.594 2.880 2.362 2.505 2.593 2.401 2.499 2.752 2.489 2.344 2.501 2.601 3.316 2.277 2.518 2.208 2.211 Na 0.931 1.250 0.997 1.443 1.250 1.369 1.551 1.460 1.265 1.448 1.527 1.481 1.373 0.692 1.559 1.461 1.680 1.704 K 0.Dl8 0.032 0.016 0.039 0.028 0.039 0.039 0.046 0.032 0.045 0.052 0.042 0.034 0.010 0.072 0.035 0.058 0.051 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.003 0.008 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 TOTAL 19.899 19.943 19.953 19.909 19.907 20.006 20.010 20.021 20.034 19.991 19.946 20.022 20.018 20.026 19.928 20.007 19.962 19.986

An 75.3 66.9 74.0 61.5 66.2 64.8 60.2 62.4 68.0 62.5 59.8 62.2 64.9 82.6 58.3 62.7 55.9 55.7 Ab 24.2 32.3 25.6 37.5 33.0 34.2 38.8 36.4 31.2 36.4 38.9 36.8 34.2 17.2 39.9 36.4 42.6 43.0 Or 0.5 0.8 0.4 1.0 0.8 1.0 1.0 1.2 0.8 1.1 1.3 1.0 0.9 0.2 1.8 0.9 1.5 L3 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0184C 0185R 0190C 0191R OI92C 01931 0194R 0217C 0216R 0228M 0234C 0235R 0404C 04051 0406R 0421C 0440C 0441R Sample TG163 TG163 TGI63 TGI63 TGI63 TGI63 TGI63 TG163 TGI63 TG163 TG163 TGI63 TG192 TG192 TG192 TG192 TG192 TG192 Crystal 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 2 3 3

SiOz 53.23 54.13 49.59 51.25 47.99 47.94 49.81 50.40 51.25 50.48 45.05 52.69 52.43 51.23 48.78 48.21 50.99 54.60 Ti02 0.04 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.03

AI20 3 29.44 27.94 30.79 29.95 32.29 33.02 31.09 30.52 29.28 30.65 33.39 29.85 29.04 29.67 31.02 31.31 30.43 28.56 FeO 0.54 0.72 0.54 0.71 0.44 0.49 0.77 0.71 0.78 0.62 0.59 0.71 0.46 0.43 0.73 0.71 0.51 0.59 MnO 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.03 CaO 12.96 11.52 14.86 13.84 16.41 16.71 14.35 14.38 12.68 14.66 18.88 13.37 13.08 13.93 15.58 16.11 14.85 12.46 NazO 4.00 4.80 2.97 3.75 2.19 1.61 2.95 3.26 3.85 3.30 1.15 4.28 3.95 3.32 2.51 2.27 3.19 4.50

K 20 0.17 0.24 0.10 0.14 0.05 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.15 0.11 0.00 0.15 0.17 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.12 0.16 Cr203 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.50 99.53 98.96 99.78 99.45 99.84 99.09 99.47 98.10 99.88 99.12 101.16 99.26 98.72 98.80 98.72 100.15 100.92

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.621 9.861 9.168 9.383 8.862 8.806 9.183 9.263 9.508 9.245 8.430 9.500 9.603 9.447 9.058 8.973 9.304 9.812 Ti 0.005 0.009 0.006 0.005 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.009 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.004 0.003 Al 6.272 6.000 6.709 6.463 7.028 7.149 6.755 6.611 6.402 6.615 7.362 6.343 6.268 6.448 6.788 6.867 6.545 6.048 Fe 0.082 0.110 0.084 0.108 0.068 0.075 0.119 0.108 0.121 0.095 0.092 0.107 0.071 0.067 0.113 0.111 0.078 0.089 Mn 0.004 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.023 0.022 0.018 0.017 0.014 0.006 0.008 0.017 0.011 0.020 0.006 0.016 0.009 0.007 0.019 0.010 0.010 0.009 Ca 2.510 2.248 2.944 2.716 3.247 3.290 2.835 2.832 2.521 2.876 3.785 2.583 2.567 2.751 3.100 3.213 2.903 2.398 Na 1.400 1.695 1.063 1.333 0.784 0.575 1.054 1.163 1.383 1.170 0.416 1.497 1.401 1.188 0.904 0.820 1.128 1.566 K 0.040 0.056 0.023 0.032 0.011 0.013 0.024 0.023 0.036 0.025 0.011 0.034 0.041 0.028 0.021 0.018 0.029 0.036 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.958 20.005 20.015 20.062 20.018 19.913 19.978 20.025 19.992 20.046 20.102 20.087 19.973 19.937 20.007 20.012 19.999 19.962

An 63.7 56.5 73.1 66.7 80.4 84.9 72.5 70.6 64.1 70.7 89.9 62.9 64.0 69.4 77.0 79.3 71.5 60.0 Ab 35.3 42.2 26.3 32.5 19.3 14.8 26.9 28.8 35.0 28.6 9.9 36.2 35.0 29.9 22.5 20.2 27.8 39.1 Or 1.0 1.3 0.6 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.9 0.7 0.2 0.9 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.7 0.9

o>-' 00 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0444C 0445R 0453C 0454R 0462C 0463R 0466C 0467R 0472C 0473R 0478C 0479R 1133C 1134R 1136C 1137R 1156C 1I57R Sample TG192 TGl92 TGI96 TGI96 TGl96 TGl96 TG196 TG196 TGl96 TGI96 TGI96 TGl96 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 Crystal 4 4 I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 2 3 3

SiOz 50.17 52.05 54.17 52.85 52.27 55.47 48.55 54.59 51.90 50.89 50.36 53.27 55.44 53.93 46.63 50.65 55.17 52.64 TiOz 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.04 A1zOJ 30.99 29.49 29.40 29.61 30.26 28.74 32.31 28.92 30.41 31.03 30.93 29.74 27.81 28.46 32.77 30.13 28.23 29.29 FeO 0.50 0.60 0.35 0.45 0.42 0.52 0.45 0.52 0,48 0.53 0.60 0.50 0,49 0.46 0.44 0.48 0.47 0.70 MnO 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 MgO 0.D3 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.D3 0.03 0.05 0.Q3 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.05 CaO 15.12 14.06 12.77 13.55 14.00 12.14 16.74 12.64 14.49 15.19 15.71 13.75 11.08 11.59 17.13 14.09 11.27 11.67 NazO 2.95 3.65 4.36 3.89 3.74 4.59 2.35 4.52 3.41 3.07 2.78 4.06 4.96 4.55 1.79 3.37 4.72 3.97 KzO 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.13 0.17 0.Q7 0.18 0.12 0.09 am 0.16 0.23 0.27 0.05 0.12 0.24 0.25 CrZ03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 TOTAL 99.90 100.02 101.28 100.58 100.85 1Ol.70 100.53 101.44 100.88 100.89 100.55 101.56 100.09 99.32 98.94 98.87 100.19 98.68

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.186 9.493 9.700 9.560 9.442 9.871 8.882 9.767 9.385 9.225 9.176 9.554 10.002 9.825 8.683 9.344 9.943 9.661 Ti 0.006 0.000 0.005 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.003 0.000 0.004 0.008 0.006 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.005 0.005 . 0.005 0.006 AI 6.686 6.338 6.204 6.312 6.443 6.027 6.966 6.097 6.480 6.630 6.644 6.287 5.912 6.111 7.193 6.551 5.996 6.336 Fe 0.077 0.092 0.053 0.068 0.163 0.Q78 0.068 0.078 0.073 0.080 0.091 Om5 0.074 0.070 0.069 0.073 0.070 0.107 Mn 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.007 Mg 0.007 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.008 0.000 0.000 0.009 0.008 0.007 0.008 0.013 0.008 0.009 0.008 0.000 0.013 0.014 ea 2.966 2.748 2.449 2.626 2.709 2.315 3.282 2.422 2.808 2.950 3.068 2.643 2.141 2.263 3.418 2.785 2.176 2.295 Na 1.048 1.290 1.514 1.364 1.311 1.583 0.833 1.567 1.194 1.080 0.983 1.411 1.735 1.606 0.646 1.206 1.651 1,413 K 0.018 0.036 0.D38 0.032 0.030 0.039 0.016 0.041 0.029 0.022 0.017 0.037 0.053 0.062 0.011 0.027 0.055 0.058 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.007 0.000 0.000 0.004 TOTAL 19.997 20.001 19.967 19.975 20.006 19.992 20.256 19.988 19.982 20.002 19.995 20.024 19.933 19.949 20.044 19.992 19.908 19.900

An 73.6 67.4 61.2 65.3 66.9 58.8 79.5 60.1 69.7 72.8 75.4 64.6 54.5 57.6 83.9 69.3 56.1 61.0 Ab 26.0 31.7 37.8 33.9 32.4 40.2 20.1 38.9 29.6 26.7 24.2 34.5 44.1 40.8 15.8 30.0 42.5 37.5 Or 0.4 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.7 l.0 0.4 1.0 0.7 0.5 0.4 0.9 1.4 1.6 0.3 0.7 1.4 1.5 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1158C 1159R 1162C 1163R 1177C 1178R 0948C 0979R 0968C 0969R 0970C 0971R 0980C 0981R 0982C 09831 0984R 0851C Sample TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG279 Crystal 4 4 5 5 6 6 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 5

SiO. 50.58 49.47 46.62 47.53 52.79 51.43 56.39 52.18 52.72 53.63 53.91 52.66 54.40 54.41 55.25 52,46 52.98 53.80 TiO. 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.03 0.08 0.04 AhO, 30.52 31.19 33.04 32.68 29.16 30.13 27.31 29.41 28.53 27.88 27.65 28.28 28.37 28.96 28.22 29.57 28.46 28.65 FeO 0.66 0.62 0.35 0.41 0.66 0.62 0.36 0.53 0.35 0.38 0.45 0.56 0.43 0.34 0.28 0.39 0.92 0.41 MnO 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q7 0.Q2 0.00 0.10 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.08 0.05 CaO 14.46 15.00 17.37 16.25 12.71 13.84 10.71 13.42 12.24 11.28 11.31 12.24 11.78 12.30 11.31 13.38 12.91 11.67 Nal0 3.09 2.83 1.30 2.09 4.15 3.55 5.07 3.61 4.28 4.56 4.75 4.28 4.86 4.66 4.87 4.11 4.18 4.18 K10 0.12 0.17 0.05 0.04 0.19 0.15 0.41 0.16 0.16 0.24 0.18 0.19 0.25 0.23 0.31 0.17 0.19 0.39 Cr10, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.56 99.32 98.73 99.00 99.75 99.76 100.32 99.49 98.32 98.01 98.36 98.34 100.13 100.90 100.32 100.14 99.80 99.19

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.281 9.120 8.681 8.810 9.621 9.401 10.131 9.539 9.718 9.886 9.911 9.722 9.843 9.774 9.945 9.536 9.672 9.808 Ti 0.005 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.011 0.000 0.000 0.007 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.008 0.004 . 0.010 0.006 Al 6.600 6.777 7.251 7.140 6.264 6.490 5.783 6.337 6.198 6.059 5.990 6.152 6.050 6.131 5.988 6.336 6.124 6.155 Fe 0.102 0.095 0.055 0.063 0.100 0.094 0.054 0.081 0.054 0.059 0.070 0.086 0.066 0.051 0.043 0.060 0.140 0.063 Mn 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.012 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.019 0.005 0.000 0.026 0.006 0.009 0.013 0.021 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.006 0.022 0.013 Ca 2.844 2.963 3.465 3.227 2.482 2.710 2.062 2.628 2.417 2.228 2.229 2.421 2.283 2.367 2.180 2.606 2.525 2.279 Na 1.100 1.011 0.471 0.750 1.465 1.258 1.766 1.279 1.530 1.631 1.693 1.532 1.704 1.624 1.701 1.448 1.481 1.477 K 0.027 0.040 0.012 0.009 0.044 0.D35 0.095 0.038 0.037 0.056 0.043 0.045 0.057 0.053 0.072 0.040 0.043 0.090 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.978 20.011 19.935 19.999 19.999 19.997 19.900 19.940 19.964 19.928 19.955 19.986 20.008 19.999 19.939 20.036 20.018 19.892

An 71.6 73.8 87.8 81.0 62.2 67.7 52.6 66.6 60.7 56.9 56.2 60.6 56.5 58.5 55.2 63.6 62.3 59.3 Ab 27.7 25.2 11.9 18.8 36.7 31.4 45.0 32.4 38.4 41.7 42.7 38.3 42.1 40.2 43.0 35.4 36.6 38.4 Or 0.7 l.0 0.3 0.2 1.1 0.9 2.4 1.0 0.9 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.4 1.3 1.8 1.0 L1 2.3

...... o Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0853R OS62C 0863R 0875C 0876R 1251C 1252R 1255C 1251R 1258C 1261R 0539C 0540R 0565R 1196C 1197R 1199C 1200R Sample TG219 TG279 TG219 TG279 TG219 TG279 TG219 TG219 TG279 TG279 TG219 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 I 2 3 3 4 4

SiOz 54.30 54.09 50.60 54.63 49.88 53.93 54.95 54.38 50.62 54.25 49.21 52.15 50.83 56.46 52.41 52.13 56.95 52.10 TiOz 0.Q3 0.08 0.00 0.05 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.Q7 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.05 Alz0 3 28.28 28.75 30.76 28.51 31.03 28.59 28.08 28.24 30.15 28.61 30.72 29.11 29.59 27.14 29.80 30.02 27.16 28.96 FeO 0.49 0.36 0.32 0.34 0.37 0.38 0.46 0.53 0.42 0.48 0.54 0.45 0.34 0.46 0.41 0.41 0.53 0.39 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 MgO 0.Q7 0.08 0.12 0.Q7 0.13 0.05 0.06 0.Q7 0.13 0.09 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.05 0.07 CaO 11.09 11.52 14.41 11.74 14.23 11.60 11.31 11.80 14.12 11.88 14.96 12.40 13.39 10.13 12.91 13.39 10.01 11.89 NazO 4.31 4.23 2.99 4.34 2.75 4.28 4.49 4.34 3.31 4.31 2.89 3.91 3.63 5.10 4.09 3.34 5.21 4.12 KzO 0.46 0.45 0.15 0.40 0.13 0.40 0.44 0.43 0.17 0.44 0.19 0.37 0.20 0.51 0.25 0.26 0.65 0.25

Cr103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.01 99.55 99.34 100.11 98.58 99.31 99.86 99.81 98.97 100.10 98.64 98.60 98.01 99.S9 100.00 99.10 100.65 98.46

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.898 9.819 9.282 9.861 9.216 9.820 9.941 9.860 9.330 9.816 9.138 9.607 9.436 10.175 9.529 9.499 10.195 9.691 Ti 0.004 0.010 0.000 0.007 0.001 0.011 0.010 0.012 0.007 0.006 0.006 0.010 0.003 0.004 0.006 0.000 0.011 0.007 AI 6.076 6.152 6.650 6.068 6.156 6.135 5.981 6.034 6.550 6.100 6.723 6.321 6.474 5.765 6.385 6.447 5.730 6.276 Fe 0.Q75 0.054 0.049 0.052 0.057 0.058 0.010 O.OSO 0.065 0.072 0.085 0.070 0.053 0.069 0.062 0.062 0.079 0.060 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.004 Mg 0.018 0.021 0.032 O.Q1S 0.035 0.014 O.ot5 0.019 0.037 0.023 0.024 0.010 0.018 0.020 0.022 0.026 0.015 0.020 Ca 2.166 2.242 2.832 2.272 2.816 2.263 2.193 2.293 2.788 2.304 2.917 2.447 2.663 1.956 2.515 2.614 1.921 2.343 Na 1.525 1.488 1.063 1.519 0.985 1.510 1.574 1.524 1.182 1.511 1.039 1.419 1.306 1.781 1.442 1.181 1.808 1.471 K 0.107 0.103 0.Q35 0.092 0.031 0.092 0.102 0.099 0.041 0.102 0.044 0.088 0.046 0.117 0.058 0.061 0.149 0.058 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.876 19.890 19.942 19.898 19.901 19.903 19.893 19.922 19.999 19.934 20.037 19.976 20.000 19.887 20.022 19.899 19.907 19.929

An 57.0 58.5 72.1 58.5 73.5 58.5 56.7 58.6 69.5 58.8 13.3 61.9 66.3 50.8 62.6 67.8 49.5 60.5 Ab 40.2 38.8 27.0 39.1 25.1 39.1 40.1 38.9 29.5 38.6 25.6 35.9 32.5 46.2 35.9 30.6 46.6 38.0 Or 2.8 2.7 0.9 2.4 0.8 2.4 2.6 2.5 1.0 2.6 1.1 2.2 1.2 3.0 1.5 1.6 3.9 1.5 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1204C 1205R 1207C 1208R 1223C I 224R 1305C 1334R 1352C 1354R 1364C 1363R 1365C 1366R 1368C 1369R 1376C 1377R Sample TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 Crystal 5 5 6 6 7 7 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6

Si02 54.66 52.80 54.05 53.47 54.98 50.62 53.06 53.64 51.66 52.92 52.85 51.42 49.70 50.03 52.29 49.51 49.45 52.25 Ti01 0.07 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oz AI10, 28.61 29.73 28.75 28.72 28.34 30.66 29.18 28.88 29.46 29.14 29.25 29.88 31.23 30.87 29.37 31.13 31.43 30.06 FeO 0.37 0.61 0.43 0.64 0.37 0.51 0.55 0.42 0.57 0.40 0.58 0.66 0.59 0.65 0.61 0.69 0.59 0.75 MnO 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.02 0.14 0.05 0.15 0.08 0.09 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.D3 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.05 CaO 11.06 13.20 11.04 12.22 11.51 14.44 12.57 11.43 12.64 12.38 12.56 13.22 14.87 14.38 12.80 15.02 15.06 13.42 Na10 4.62 4.07 4.60 4.43 4.74 3.15 3.91 5.14 3.83 4.18 4.14 3.79 3.01 3.23 3.83 2.87 3.04 3.76 K10 0.47 0.27 0.44 0.35 0.39 0.18 0.18 0.21 0.14 0.16 0.18 0.13 0.06 0.05 0.12 0.06 0.09 0.17 Cr103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 . 0.00 0.D3 0.03 0.00 TOTAL 99.89 100.90 99.43 99.99 100.47 99.68 99.55 99.77 98.43 99.27 99.63 99.14 99.51 99.31 99.06 99.35 99.72 100.48

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.883 9.534 9.826 9.717 9.897 9.274 9.665 9.745 9.534 9.664 9.631 9.446 9.136 9.208 9.586 9.125 9.086 9.473 Ti 0.010 0.006 0.008 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.005 0.004 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 Al 6.097 6.326 6.160 6.151 6.013 6.621 6.265 6.183 6.408 6.273 6.284 6.469 6.766 6.695 6.346 6.761 6.805 6.422 Fe 0.056 0.092 0.065 0.098 0.056 0.079 0.084 0.063 0.088 0.061 0.088 0.101 0.091 0.100 0.093 0.106 0.091 0.114 Mn 0.000 0.005 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.006 0.037 0.013 0.040 0.020 0.025 oml 0.010 0.014 0.010 0.007 0.010 0.006 0.009 0.008 0.010 0.009 0.013 Ca 2.143 2.553 2.150 2.380 2.220 2.834 2.453 2.225 2.499 2.421 2.452 2.603 2.929 2.835 2.514 2.965 2.964 2.608 Na 1.620 1.424 1.620 1.563 1.654 1.121 1.382 1.812 1.370 1.480 1.465 1.352 1.074 L154 1.361 1.025 1.081 1.320 K 0.107 0.063 0.102 0.081 0.090 0.042 0.042 0.049 0.034 0.037 0.042 0.030 0.014 0.012 O.oz8 0.014 0.021 0.039 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 . 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.005 0.000 TOTAL 19.922 20.041 19.947 20.030 19.959 19.997 19.910 20.090 19.956 19.955 19.975 20.010 20.021 20.022 19.936 20.013 20.063 19.992

An 55.4 63.2 55.5 59.2 56.0 70.9 63.3 54.4 64.0 61.5 61.9 65.3 72.9 70.9 64.4 74.1 72.9 65.7 Ab 41.8 35.3 41.9 38.8 41.7 28.1 35.6 44.4 35.1 37.6 37.0 33.9 26.8 28.8 34.9 25.6 26.6 33.3 Or 2.8 1.5 2.6 2.0 2.3 LO 1.1 1.2 0.9 0.9 1.1 0.8 0.3 0.3 0.7 0.3 0.5 1.0 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1430C [432R 1433C 14341 1439R 1445C 1446R 1451C 1452R 1453C 1454R 1482C 1483R 1498C 1505R 1506C 1509R 1521C Sample TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG38[ TG381 TG381 TG381 Crystal 2 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 3 4

SiOz 52.90 53.53 52.42 52.83 53.87 51.80 50.05 51.83 52.46 50.11 52.69 50.62 52.80 49.44 54.95 56.90 57.35 48.62 TiOz 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.Q3 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.Q3 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 Alz0 3 29.54 28.63 30.09 29.32 29.42 30.93 31.36 30.36 29.82 31.44 29.84 31.03 30.71 32.22 29.38 29.21 27.87 33.20 FeO 0.57 0.46 0.43 0.38 0.56 0.45 0.58 0.42 0.54 0.68 0.64 0.66 0.57 0.11 0.16 0.23 0.17 0.34 MnO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MgO 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.00 0,06 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CaO 13.02 [2.64 13.66 13.16 12.61 14.06 14.76 14.02 13.57 15.20 13.33 14.61 13.86 16.12 11.02 9.75 9.73 16.93 NazO 3.90 4.00 3.69 3.71 4.07 3.52 3.08 3,55 3.74 2.72 3.82 3.25 3.65 2.40 4.87 5.59 5.76 1.98 K 20 0.20 0.15 0.[6 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.11 0,14 0.13 0.10 0.15 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.14 0.23 0.25 0.05 Cr20l 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 TOTAL 100.21 99.50 [00.54 99.65 0.00 100.96 99.94 100.41 100.32 100.31 100.55 100.39 101.82 [00.37 100.55 101.91 101.14 101.12

Number of cations on basis of 32 oxygens Si 9.592 9.749 9.486 9.619 9.688 9.349 9.157 9.404 9.516 9.146 9.533 9.220 9.440 9.009 9.844 10.024 10.180 8.825 Ti 0.006 0.005 0.007 0.005 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.005 0.000 0.004 0.006 0.009 0.004 0.004 0.003 0.000 . 0.000 0.000 AI 6.313 6.144 6.417 6.292 6.235 6.579 6.764 6.492 6.376 6.154 6.364 6.661 6.411 6.920 6.203 6.065 5.830 7.103 Fe 0.086 0.070 0.066 0.058 0.084 0.068 0.088 0.063 0.083 0.104 0.097 0.100 0.085 0.011 0.023 0.033 0.025 0.051 Mn 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 0,004 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Mg 0.011 0.017 0.010 0.013 0.001 0.013 0.000 0.015 O.QlI 0.000 0.010 0.013 0.006 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ca 2.530 2.466 2.647 2.568 2.442 2.719 2.894 2,724 2.631 2.969 2.583 2.852 2.655 3.[48 2.115 1.840 1.849 3.291 Na 1.370 1.411 1.296 1.311 1.418 1.232 1.091 1.247 1.316 0.963 1.341 1.148 1.266 0.848 1.693 1.911 1.983 0.698 K 0.046 0.Q35 0.037 0.037 0.039 0.031 0.026 0.032 0.031 0.023 0.036 0.024 0.026 0.0l! 0.033 0,052 0.057 0.011 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.010 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Ni 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 TOTAL 19.954 19.897 19.966 19.904 19.917 19.993 20.019 19.984 19.969 19.966 19.968 20.027 19.962 [9.957 19.914 19.925 19.925 19.979

An 64.1 63.0 66.5 65.6 62.6 68.3 72.2 68.0 66.2 75.1 65.2 70.9 67.3 78.5 55.1 48.4 47.5 82.3 Ab 34.1 36.1 32.6 33.5 36.4 30.9 27.2 31.2 33.0 24.3 33.9 28.5 32.1 21.2 44.1 50.2 51.0 17.4 Or 1.2 0.9 0.9 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.6 0.9 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.8 1.4 1.5 0.3 Table A9.2 Microprobe analyses of plagioclase in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1523R Sample TG381 Crystal 4

Si02 55.53 Ti02 0.00 AhO, 28.96 FeO 0.18 MnO 0.00 MgO 0.00 CaO 11.41 Na20 5.20 K10 0.13 Cr20, 0.00 NiO 0.00 TOTAL 101.41

Number of cations on basis of32 oxygens Si 9.885 Ti 0.000 AI 6.077 Fe 0.027 Mn 0.000 Mg 0.000 Ca 2.175 Na 1.796 K 0.029 Cr 0.000 Ni 0.000 TOTAL 19.989

An 54.4 Ab 44.9 Or 0.7 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 0016C 0015R 0031R 0060C 0061R 0121C 0123R 008SC 0081R 0108R 01l2R 1042C 1043R 1044C 1045R 1051C 1052R 1058C Sample TGOOI TGOOI TGOOI TG001 TGOOI TGOOI TGOOI TG020 TG020 T0020 TG020 T0051 T0051 TG051 TG051 T0051 T0051 T0051 Crystal 1 1 2 3 3 4 4 2 3 I I 2 2 3 3 4

SiOz 53.08 52.13 54.63 53.05 51.03 51.01 50.80 50.59 50.13 50.91 50.61 51.26 50.33 50.31 51.45 51.41 50.89 53.00 TiOz 0.38 0.50 0.10 0.28 0.53 0.51 0.53 0.50 0.55 0.50 0.53 0.51 0.69 0.62 0.41 0.50 0.50 0.48 AlzO, 1.53 2.28 0.14 2.87 2.32 1.80 2.24 2.69 2.61 2.44 2.34 1.77 2.1I 2.21 1.12 1.63 1.90 1.55 FeO 9.82 12.11 6.68 5.63 11.13 14.20 13.86 10.59 11.16 11.11 12.05 12.70 11.45 11.96 12.44 12.64 11.91 10.85 MnO 0.20 0.21 0.18 0.16 0.22 0.31 0.33 0.21 0.28 0.33 0.21 0.26 0.18 0.24 0.34 0.26 0.30 0.37 MgO 15.16 14.68 17.61 16.15 15.43 13.82 13.11 14.33 14.06 14.56 14.26 14.09 14.07 13.94 15.20 14.22 14.14 14.11 CaO 18.50 11.82 18.85 21.42 18.48 16.61 16.89 IS.S3 11.98 18.95 18.57 19.87 20.21 20.18 18.78 19.05 19.12 19.55 Na,O 0.23 0.21 0.21 0.18 0.27 0.31 0.34 0.30 0.23 0.22 0.34 0.22 0.24 0.25 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.19 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrZ0 3 0.08 0.14 0.05 0.14 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 . 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.51 100.15 99.13 100.49 99.51 98.68 98.11 98.14 98.20 99.11 98.97 100.15 99.28 99.11 100.61 100.01 99.63 100.16

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.95 2.01 1.93 1.92 1.95 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.91 1.93 1.94 1.93 1.97 Ti 0.01 0.Ql 0.00 0.01 0.Ql 0.Ql 0.02 0.01 0.02 om 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 om 0.01' 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.Q3 0.05 0.00 0.Q7 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.Q7 0.01 0.Q7 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.Q7 0.06 0.Q7 0.03 V1 AI 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 Fe 0.31 0.38 0.21 0.11 0.35 0.45 0.44 0.34 0.31 0.35 0.38 0.40 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.38 0.34 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Ql 0.01 0.01 0.Ql 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mg 0.81 0.82 0.91 0.9\ 0.87 0.19 0.78 0.81 0.80 0.82 0.81 0.19 0.80 0.19 0.85 0.80 0.80 0.79 Ca 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.84 0.14 0.68 0.69 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.16 0.80 0.82 0.82 0.75 0.77 0.80 0.78 Na 0.02 0.02 om 0.Ql 0.Q2 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 4.00 3.98 4.00 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.03 4.04 4.03 4.02 4.03 3.99

Wo 38.3 31.2 38.6 43.5 31.9 35.3 35.8 39.9 38.3 39.4 38.7 40.2 41.5 41.3 31.8 39.1 40.4 41.0 En 45.4 42.1 50.4 41.3 44.0 40.1 40.6 42.2 41.7 42.1 41.3 39.1 40.2 39.6 42.6 40.6 40.4 41.3 Fs 16.3 20.1 11.0 9.2 18.1 24.0 23.6 11.9 20.0 18.5 20.0 20.1 18.3 19.1 19.6 20.3 19.2 11.1

Mg# 13.1 68.3 82.2 84.3 11.3 63.1 63.9 10.4 68.4 10.1 68.1 66.4 69.0 61.5 68.5 66.1 67.8 69.9 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1059R 1065C 1066R 0739C 0741R 0744C 0745R 0757C 0758R 0759C 0760R 0771C 0772R 1091C 1092R 1093C 1094R 1096C Sample TG05l TG051 TGOSI TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TGOBO TG080 TG080 TGOSO TG080 Crystal 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 1 2 2 3

SiOz 52.35 51.84 52.50 51.99 52.69 53.29 52.51 53.44 51.86 52.S7 53.34 52.79 52.22 53.51 52.06 53.04 52.50 50.64 TiOz 0.55 0.51 0.49 0.62 0.43 0.46 0.51 0.49 0.66 0.55 0.48 0.38 0.38 0.21 0.42 0.34 0.39 1.03 AhOJ 2.00 1.54 1.75 2.78 1.92 1.41 1.87 1.51 2.85 1.87 1.45 1.34 1.82 1.78 1.27 1.27 1.58 3.35 FeO 11.13 10.89 10.44 10.59 10.73 10.50 10.56 10.72 10.33 10.63 10.28 10.51 10.69 6.35 10.02 9.75 10.21 10.78 MnO 0.24 0.26 0.23 0.28 0.43 0040 0.24 0.40 0.25 0.21 0.36 0.38 0.23 0.26 0.40 0.34 0.38 0.36 MgO 14.31 13.69 14.33 13.71 14.Q2 15.00 13.78 14.77 13.83 14.21 14.60 14.16 14.83 16.0B 14.94 14.05 13.38 13.40 CaO 19.06 19.55 19.46 20.52 20.13 19.62 20.18 18.59 19.55 19.27 19.72 21.09 20.12 20.75 19.30 20.06 19.49 19.73 NazO 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.25 0.32 0.25 0.26 0.21 0.23 0.26 0.23 0.34 0.21 0.29 0.21 0.26 0.27 0.24 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzO, 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.53 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.83 98.47 99.49 100.75 100.67 100.95 99.91 100.13 99.57 99.87 100.46 100.99 100.52 99.75 98.63 99.11 98.21 99.52

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.96 1.97 1.97 1.93 1.96 1.97 1.96 1.98 1.94 1.97 1.98 1.96 1.94 1.98 1.97 1.99 1.99 1.91 Ti 0.02 am am 0.Q2 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.Q2 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 . 0.01 0.03 AII\' 0.04 O. 03 0.03 0.07 0.04 am 0.04 0.02 0.06 0.Q3 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.03 om 0.01 0.09 v1 Al 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.04 am 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.05 0.Q4 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.Q2 0.05 0.06 0.05 Fe 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.20 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.34 Mn am am am am 0.01 am 0.01 om 0.01 om am 0.01 am 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mg 0.80 0.77 o.so 0.76 0.78 0.83 0.77 0.82 0.77 0.79 0.81 0.78 0.82 0.89 0.B4 0.79 0.76 0.75 Ca 0.76 0.80 0.78 0.82 0.80 0.78 0.81 0.74 0.78 0.77 0.78 0.84 0.80 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.79 0.80 Na 0.01 am 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.Q2 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 3.99 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.99 3.98 3.99 3.98 3.99 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.00 3.98 3.97 4.00

Wo 40.0 41.5 40.9 42.9 41.9 40.3 4204 39.1 41.7 40.7 41.0 43.0 41.0 43.2 40.3 42.5 42.3 42.2 En 41.S 40.4 41.9 39.8 40.6 42.9 40.3 43.3 41.1 41.8 42.3 40.2 42.0 46.5 43.4 41.4 40.4 39.8 Fs 18.2 IS.1 17.2 17.3 17.5 16.8 17.3 17.6 17.2 17.5 16.7 16.8 17.0 10.3 16.3 16.1 17.3 18.0

Mg# 69.6 68.8 70.8 69.7 70.3 72.2 70.0 71.3 70.6 70.5 71.7 70.3 71.3 81.7 72.4 71.8 70.4 68.8 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1097R llOIC lI02R 1103C ll04R 0641C 0643R 0645R 0660C 0661R 0667C 0668R 0254C 0256R 02670 0268C 0269R 0270C Sample T0080 TG080 TOOSO TOOgO T0080 T009S T0098 T009S T0098 T0098 T0098 T0098 T01l2 T0112 TG112. TG1l2 TG1l2 TGI12 Crystal 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 3 3 4 4 I 2 3 3 4

Si01 52.16 52.70 51.73 51.90 50.58 52.31 51.24 53.09 53.59 54.13 52.31 53.76 52.70 52.44 52.31 52.33 51.85 50.65 TiOz 0.52 0.48 0.65 0.58 1.00 0.24 0.64 0.40 0.21 0.33 0.50 0.33 0.23 0.39 0.42 0.15 0.42 0.55 AlzOJ 1.73 1.49 2.27 2.23 3.45 1.44 3.10 2.10 1.43 1.33 2.36 1.43 1.27 2.21 2.69 0.94 2.96 4.10 FeO l0A3 10.48 10.62 10.53 10.56 8.34 8.53 9.00 8.67 8.90 8.77 9.02 5.06 9.12 6.39 10.41 6.90 7.08 MnO 0.38 0.40 0.37 0.36 0.35 0.33 0.20 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.19 0.30 0.15 0.22 0.18 0.29 0.12 0.15 MgO 14.12 14.37 13.73 14.09 13.87 14.21 14.27 15.78 14.41 15.15 14.50 15.11 17.44 17.56 16.37 13.43 16.16 15.92 CaO 19.50 19.71 19.96 19.61 19.00 20.79 20.13 19.27 21.41 21.l6 20.49 20.90 21.05 18.06 21.26 21.83 21.59 21.02 Na10 0.26 0.21 0.27 0.21 0.29 0.37 0.24 0.15 0.21 0.24 0.21 0.29 0.16 0.20 0.20 0.32 0.21 0.20 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.45 0.09 0.29 0.00 0.29 0.17 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.02 0.03 TOTAL 99.40 99.85 99.61 99.51 99.17 98.02 98.35 100.04 100.25 101.56 99.33 101.21 98.51 100.30 100.11 99.71 100.52 99.87

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.96 1.97 1.94 1.95 1.91 1.98 1.93 1.96 1.98 1.98 1.95 1.97 1.96 1.93 1.93 1.97 1.91 1.88 Ti 0.01 om 0.Q2 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.00' 0.01 0.Q2 AllY 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.09 0.02 0.Q7 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.03 0.09 0.12 Y1 AI 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.Q7 0.05 0.05 0.Q3 0.06 0.Q3 0.Q2 0.Q3 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.06 Fe 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.26 0.27 0.28 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.28 0.16 0.28 0.20 0.33 0.21 0.22 Mn 0.01 0.01 om om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.00 om 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 Mg 0.79 0.80 0.77 0.79 0.78 0.80 0.80 0.87 0.79 0.82 0.81 0.83 0.97 0.96 0.90 0.75 0.89 0.88 Ca 0.80 0.79 0.80 0.79 0.77 0.84 0.81 0.76 0.85 0.83 0.82 0.82 0.84 0.71 0.84 0.88 0.85 0.83 Na 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 om 0.01 om 0.02 0.02 om Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 om 0.01 TOTAL 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.99 4.00 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.03 4.03

Wo 41.6 41.2 42.2 41.4 40.8 44.2 43.1 39.9 44.4 43.0 43.1 42.7 42.7 36.4 43.4 44.9 43.6 43.2 En 41.3 41.7 40.3 41.3 41.5 42.0 42.6 45.5 41.6 42.9 42.5 42.9 49.3 49.2 46.4 38.4 45.5 45.5 Fs 17.1 17.1 17.5 17.3 17.7 13.8 14.3 14.6 14.0 14.1 14.4 14.4 8.0 14.4 10.2 16.7 10.9 11.3

Mg# 70.5 70.8 70.0 70.5 70.3 75.5 74.8 75.7 74.5 75.2 75.0 74.8 85.8 77.4 81.8 69.4 80.9 80.0 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 02720 02760 0282C 0283R 0692C 0693R 0696C 0697R 06990 0704C 0706R 0707C 0708R 0709C 07 !OR 07200 07240 0731C Sample TG1l2 TGI12 TG1l2 TG1l2 TG115 TGllS TG1l5 TGm TG1l5 TGlI5 TG115 TGI15 TG1l5 TG1l5 TGI15 TGI15 TGI15 TGII5 Crystal 5 6 7 7 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 8 9

SiO, 52.77 51.38 53.09 51.26 51.75 54.03 51.52 52.34 52.88 52.53 54.38 53.95 53.43 55.Q2 53.34 53.88 54.23 53.79 TiO, 0.41 0.38 0.30 0.45 0.46 0.19 0.34 0.37 0.36 0.42 0.28 0.26 0.47 0.15 0.38 0.32 0.21 0.35 AI,O) 2.31 2.95 1.56 2.76 1.48 1.69 1.47 2.47 2.56 1.29 1.57 2.45 3.05 1.37 2.58 2.19 1.49 2.15 FeO 6.35 7.10 9.25 7.84 11.64 5.00 11.98 6.61 5.78 12.36 5.18 5.36 7.16 4.20 6.67 5.22 6.08 7.41 MnO 0.14 0.13 0.18 0.14 0.23 0.15 0.23 0.20 0.24 0.27 0.15 0.10 0.19 0.04 0.17 0.20 0.18 0.21 MgO 16.40 15.68 14.45 15.59 13.66 18.28 12.91 16.69 16.43 13.36 17.52 17.53 16.44 18.11 17.19 17.40 17.09 17.48 CaO 21.94 21.75 19.63 20.44 19.23 19.11 20.15 19.65 20.10 19.43 20.50 20.00 20.35 19.99 18.92 20.52 20.51 17.79 Na,O 0.19 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.30 0.22 0.29 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.19 0.23 0.18 0.22 0.16 0.19 0.16 0.18 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 Cr,Ol 0.15 0.25 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.85 0.00 0.32 0.43 0.00 0.44 0.83 0.27 0.86 0.31 0.50 0.26 0.13 NiO 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.68 99.82 98.70 98.77 98.79 99.53 98.90 98.83 98.95 99.88 100.20 100.73 101.54 99.96 99.71 100.41 100.21 99.49

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens SI 1.93 1.91 1.99 1.92 1.97 1.98 1.96 1.95 1.96 1.98 1.98 1.96 1.94 2.00 1.96 1.96 1.98 1.97 Ti 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 om 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.07 0.09 0.Q1 0.08 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.00 0.04 0.04 0.Q2 0.Q3 v1 Al 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.Q3 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.07 om 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.07 Fe 0.19 0.22 0.29 0.25 0.37 0.15 0.38 0.21 0.18 0.39 0.16 0.16 0.22 0.13 0.20 0.16 0.19 0.23 Mn 0.00 0.00 0.Q1 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 om Mg 0.90 0.87 0.81 0.87 0.77 1.00 0.73 0.92 0.91 0.75 0.95 0.95 0.89 0.98 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.96 Ca 0.86 0.87 0.79 0.82 0.78 0.75 0.82 0.78 0.80 0.78 0.80 0.78 0.79 0.78 0.74 0.80 0.80 0.70 Na 0.01 0.Q1 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Cr 0.00 0.Q1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.Q1 0.00 0.01 0.Q2 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 om 0.00 TOTAL 4.01 4.03 3.97 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.01 3.98 3.99 3.99 4.01 4.00 3.99 3.99 4.00 4.00 3.98

Wo 44.1 44.3 41.8 42.3 40.6 39.4 42.5 40.9 42.4 40.8 41.9 41.2 41.7 41.2 39.4 42.0 41.8 37.1 En 45.9 44.4 42.8 45.0 40.2 52.5 37.8 48.4 48.1 39.0 49.8 50.2 46.9 52.0 49.8 49.6 48.5 50.8 Fs 10.0 11.3 15.4 12.7 19.2 8.1 19.7 10.7 9.5 20.2 8.3 8.6 11.4 6.8 10.8 8.4 9.7 12.1

Mg# 82.6 79.8 73.6 77.7 67.5 87.0 65.8 81.4 83.5 65.8 85.6 85.6 80.2 88.3 82.5 85.5 83.0 80.7

...... 00 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 01400 01440 0l46R 01760 0l79C 0180R 0309C 0310R 031lC 0312R 0314C 0315R 0333C 0334R 03400 034&C 0383C 0388C Sample TG126 TG126 TGI26 TG126 TG126 TG126 TG134 TG134 TG134 TGl34 TGI34 TGl34 TGI34 TG134 TGl35 TG135 TGl35 TGl35 Crystal I 2 3 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 1 2 3 4

SiOz 52.52 51.38 52.67 51.18 51.26 51.88 51.93 53.89 53.01 52.66 53.06 52.59 52.09 52.33 52.07 51.07 50.42 52.82 TiO, 0.27 0.37 0.28 0.40 0.41 0.36 0.48 0.18 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.28 0.40 0.34 0.18 0.39 0.45 0.18 AI,O) 2.15 3.19 1.45 3.45 1.77 2.58 1.79 1.86 2.07 1.92 1.85 2.54 1.47 1.23 1.50 1.42 1.66 1.46 FeO 6.15 5.29 8.65 6.81 11.03 6.00 10.86 4.59 5.45 5.70 7.94 5.31 10.83 11.06 6.52 10.32 10.90 6.43 MnO 0.13 0.07 0.20 0.16 0.30 0.14 0.25 0.08 0.15 0.08 0.17 0.05 0.26 0.33 0.14 0.27 0.39 0.15 MgO 17.43 16.32 17.44 16.08 13.50 16.13 15.46 17.15 17.46 16.98 16.86 16.45 14.01 14.09 17.17 14.00 13.59 18.18 CaO 20.25 20.63 18.22 20.68 20.72 21.33 18.75 20.88 21.10 21.16 19.85 22.05 20.72 20.68 20.13 20.86 20.45 19.04 NazO 0.15 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.24 0.17 0.23 0.19 0.19 0.20 0.23 0.23 0.28 0.27 0.17 0.20 0.29 0.22 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,O) 0.07 0.75 0.05 0.14 0.00 0.25 0.03 0.42 0.26 0.53 0.16 0.67 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.22 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.06 TOTAL 99.13 98.20 99.16 99.09 99.24 98.83 99.78 99.29 99.90 99.51 100.39 100.18 100.05 100.38 97.98 98.53 98.24 98.77

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.94 1.93 1.96 1.91 1.94 1.93 1.94 1.98 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.93 1.96 Ti 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 0.0\ 1V AI 0.06 0.07 0.04 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.D7 0.04 vI Al 0.Q3 0.07 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.06 0.Q3 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.Q1 om 0.02 Fe 0.19 0.17 0.27 0.21 0.35 0.19 0.34 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.24 0.16 0.34 0.35 0.20 0.33 0.35 0.20 Mn 0.00 0.00 0.Q1 0.01 0.Q1 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q1 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 Mg 0.96 0.91 0.97 0.89 0.76 0.90 0.86 0.94 0.96 0.94 0.92 0.90 0.78 0.79 0.96 0.80 0.78 1.01 Ca 0.80 0.83 0.73 0.82 0.84 0.85 0.75 0.82 0.83 0.84 0.78 0.87 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.85 0.84 0.76 Na 0.Q1 0.01 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.02 0.Q1 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.02 0.Q1 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 TOTAL 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.01 3.99 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.03 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.02

Wo 41.1 43.5 37.0 42.7 43.0 44.0 38.5 43.2 42.5 43.0 40.1 44.9 42.6 42.3 41.0 43.1 42.7 3&.6 En 49.2 47.8 49.3 46.3 39.1 46.3 44.1 49.4 48.9 48.0 47.4 46.6 40.0 40.1 48.6 40.3 39.5 51.2 Fs 9.7 8.7 13.7 11.0 17.9 9.7 17.4 7.4 8.6 9.0 12.5 8.5 17.4 17.6 10.4 16.6 17.8 10.2

Mg# 83.5 84.3 78.2 80.9 68.5 82.6 71.7 87.0 85.0 83.9 79.3 84.9 69.6 69.3 82.& 70.8 69.0 83.5

...... \0 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0816C 0817R 0818C OS19R 0820C 0821R 0841C 0842R 0843C 0844RI 0576R 0579C 0580R 0597R 0607C 0608R 0610C 0611R Sample TG156 TG156 TGI56 TGl56 TGl56 TG156 TGI56 TGI56 TGI56 TGl56 TG161 TG161 TGl61 TGI61 TGI61 TGl61 TGl61 TGl61 Crystal 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5

SiO, 51.60 51.72 51.28 51.85 51.90 51.15 52.27 52.03 52.73 52.15 50.61 51.39 51.21 51.65 50.98 5l.15 51.52 5l.10 TiO, 0.61 0.55 0.54 0.55 0.65 0.67 0.59 0.59 0.54 0.60 0.61 0.50 0.60 0.58 0.56 0.64 0.58 0.62 AhOJ 2.37 2.50 2.84 2.19 2.23 3.15 2.47 2.30 2.11 2.50 1.90 2.06 2.43 1.85 3.20 1.88 1.92 1.93 FeO 10.86 9.88 10.17 9.91 10.80 10.64 10.54 11.44 10.S6 11.46 11.73 10.51 11.40 12.37 10.09 12.56 11.29 12.60 MnO 0.31 0.18 0.18 0.25 0.15 0.24 0.22 0.24 0.23 0.31 0.32 0.23 0.32 0.31 0.20 0.34 0.31 0.29 MgO 14.53 15.14 14.76 14.96 14.S6 14.33 15.13 14.64 15.10 14,54 13.79 14.41 13.89 14.38 14.19 13.49 13.99 13.72 CaO 19.16 19.47 19.41 19.23 18.10 19.16 19.38 18.56 19.12 19.08 19.15 19.70 19.61 17.80 19.82 18.55 19.06 18.49 Na,O 0.24 0.23 0.27 0.20 0.25 0.29 0.24 0.29 0.22 0.30 0.28 0.21 0.36 0.19 0.27 0.27 0.27 0.21 KlO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 03 0.00 0.04 0,02 l 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.23 0.00 0.04 0.12 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.69 99.70 99.49 99.15 98.98 99.64 100.89 100.10 100.94 100.93 98.39 99.25 99.87 99.17 99.52 98.90 98.95 98.96

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.94 1.95 1.92 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.93 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.92 1.95 1.95 1.94 Ti 0.02 0,02 0,02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 om 0.02 0.Q2 0.01 0.02 0,02 0.02 0.02' 0.02 0.02 AIIV 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.D7 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.05 0.06 AIVI 0,04 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.D4 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.Q3 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.03 Fe 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.33 0.36 0.39 0.32 0.40 0.36 0.40 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om Mg O.SI 0.S4 0.82 0.84 0.83 0.80 0.83 O.SI 0.83 0.80 0.79 0.81 0.78 0.81 0.79 0.77 0.79 0.78 Ca 0.77 0.78 0.78 0.77 0.73 0.77 0.77 0.74 0.76 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.79 0.72 0.80 0.76 0.77 0.75 Na 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.D2 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.oI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.00 3.99 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.00

Wo 40.1 40.3 40.5 40.3 38.3 40.4 39.8 38.8 39.4 39.5 40.3 4U 41.0 37.5 41.8 39.4 40.3 39.0 En 42.2 43.7 42.9 43.5 43.8 42.1 43.3 42.6 43.2 41.9 40.4 41.8 40.4 42.2 41.6 39.8 41.1 40.3 Fs 17.7 16.0 16.6 16.2 17.9 17.5 16.9 IS.6 17.4 IS.5 19.3 17.1 18.6 20.3 16.6 20.8 18,6 20.7

Mg# 70.4 73.0 71.9 73.0 70.9 70.S 71.6 69.2 70.9 69.0 67.5 7U 68.4 67.5 71.2 65.8 68.7 66.1 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0199C 0198R 0202C 0222C 0223R 0224C 0225R 0407C 0408R 0416C 0417R 0430R 0431C 0432R 0442C 0443R 0449C 0450R Sample TGI63 TGI63 TGI63 TG163 TGl63 TGl63 TGI63 TGI92 TGI92 TGI92 TGl92 TGl92 TGI92 TGI92 TGI92 TGl92 TGI96 TGl96 Crystal 1 I 2 3 3 4 4 1 1 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 1

SiOl 50.29 50.51 52.15 50.74 50.97 52.00 51.64 51.25 51.15 51.46 51.91 51.36 53.02 51.13 52.20 51.85 52.13 52.21 TiOz 0.65 0.73 033 0.57 0.56 0.59 0.61 0.46 0.57 0.53 0.54 0.58 0.19 0.55 0.52 0.50 0.41 0.44 Alz0 3 2.66 2.87 2.49 2.28 2.23 2.50 2.50 1.55 2.13 2.44 1.39 1.93 1.69 1.87 2.17 1.55 1.35 1.45 FeO 10.92 11.10 7.60 11.26 10.68 10.84 11.82 13.13 10.40 10.84 10.34 10.00 5.47 9.66 9.33 11.02 11.82 lQ.42 MnO 0.27 0.22 0.20 0.27 0.30 0.27 0.31 0.23 0.26 0.19 0.30 0.29 0.11 0.22 0.22 0.31 0.32 0.28 MgO 14.77 14.49 16.38 15.73 15.24 15.09 15.54 12.97 14.11 14.17 14.55 14.64 17.15 14.69 14.86 14.22 13.31 13.34 CaO 18.35 19.42 19.86 17.Q3 18.26 19.62 18.68 19.30 20.34 19.43 20.10 20.37 20.91 20.39 20.02 19.72 20.08 19.78 NazO 0.21 0.33 0.19 0.24 0.23 0.32 0.33 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.24 0.24 0.17 0.26 0.22 0.23 0.24 0.19 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.00 0.00 0.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00. 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.56 0.02 0.10 0.00 0.04 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 TOTAL 98.12 99.66 99.50 98.18 98,47 101.25 101.44 99.12 99.19 99.37 99.38 99.41 99.27 98.81 99.63 99.41 99.77 98.10

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.92 1.90 1.94 1.93 1.93 1.92 1.91 1.95 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.93 1.96 1.93 1.95 1.95 1.97 1.98 Ti 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.07 am O.OS 0.09 0.05 0.Q7 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 am 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.Q2 v1 Al 0.04 0.Q3 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.Q2 0.02 0.03 0.01 am 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.04 0,02 0.Q3 0.05 Fe 0.35 0.35 0.24 0.36 0.34 0.33 0.37 0.42 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.31 0.17 0.31 0.29 0.35 0.37 0.33 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 om 0.01 om 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 am Mg 0.84 0.81 0.91 0.89 0.86 0.83 0.86 0.74 0.79 0.79 0.82 0.82 0.95 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.75 0.76 Ca 0.75 0.78 0.79 0.69 0.74 0.78 0.74 0.79 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.80 0.81 0.81 Na 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 am 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 om 0.Q2 0.02 0,02 0.02 0.01 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.01 4.03 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.00 3.98

Wo 38.7 40.2 40.9 35.7 38.2 40.0 37.7 40.6 42.3 40.8 41.5 42.0 42.6 42.2 41.7 41.0 42.0 42.6 En 43.3 41.8 46.9 45.9 44.4 42.8 43.7 37.9 40.8 41.4 41.8 42.0 4S.7 42.2 43.1 4L! 38.7 39.9 Fs 18.0 18.0 12.2 18.4 17,4 17.2 IS.6 21.5 16.9 17.8 16.7 16.0 8.7 15.6 15.2 17.9 19.3 17.5

Mg# 70.6 69.8 79.1 71.2 71.7 71.6 69.9 63.8 70.5 69.9 71.3 72.6 84.8 72.8 74.1 69.6 67.0 69.7 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0468C 0469R 0470C 0471R 0480C 0481R 0482C 0483R 114lO ll44C 1145R 1160C ll61R 11660 11700 1171C ll72R 1173C Sample TGl96 TGI96 TGI96 TGI96 TGI96 TGI96 TGl96 TGI96 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7

Si02 52.18 52.43 52.49 52.97 52.14 52.43 53.37 53.11 52.23 50.80 50.80 51.55 51.80 50.99 50.86 51.84 51.23 50.72 Ti02 0.45 0.51 0.47 0.49 0.52 0.42 0.23 0.38 0.23 0.50 0.62 0.39 0.45 0.40 0.52 0.43 0.48 0.53

AI20 3 1.33 1.57 1.52 1.58 1.71 1.53 1.00 1.16 1.91 2.13 2.37 1.57 2.05 3.24 2.03 1.34 1.84 2.13 FeO 9.84 11.22 10.94 10.11 10.04 9.74 9.49 11.30 6.11 9.64 9.73 11.21 7.78 7.14 10.44 9.83 9.03 9.68 MnO 0.32 0.29 0.36 0.26 0.31 0.24 0.26 0.33 0.10 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.13 0.09 0.21 0.27 0.23 0.26 MgO 13.78 13.89 13.89 14.43 13.92 13.81 14.83 14.00 17.54 14.27 14.11 14.03 15.54 16.00 14.01 14.58 15.05 14.18 CaO 20.58 20.59 20.68 21.08 20.00 20.24 20.83 20.53 19.88 20.38 20.33 19.83 20.42 20.62 20.19 20.09 20.36 20.37

Na20 0.21 0.23 0.21 0.17 0.18 0.28 0.24 0.25 0.18 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.21 0.17 0.24 0.24 0.23 0.32

K 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Cr203 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.28 0.00 0.49 0.00 0.04 0.06 0.25 0.19 0.03 0.00 0.08 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 TOTAL 98.70 100.73 100.57 101.09 98.83 98.71 100.54 101.06 98.68 98.21 98.55 99.21 98.62 98.84 98.54 98.61 98.55 98.24

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.95 1.93 1.93 1.95 1.95 1.91 1.93 1.96 1.94 1.93 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01· 0.01 0.02 AI1V 0.D3 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.07 om 0.05 0.05 0.09 om 0.04 0.06 om Alv1 0.D3 0.02 0.02 0.D3 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.D3 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.02 0.D2 0.D3 Fe 0.31 0.35 0.34 0.31 0.32 0.31 0.29 0.35 0.19 0.31 0.31 0.35 0.24 0.22 0.33 0.31 0.29 0.31 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 om 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 Mg 0.78 0.77 0.77 0.79 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.77 0.97 0.81 0.80 0.79 0.87 0.89 0.79 0.82 0.85 0.80 Ca 0.83 0.82 0.83 0.83 0.81 0.82 0.83 0.82 0.79 0.83 0.83 0.80 0.82 0.83 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.83 Na 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.D2 0.D2 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 4.01 4.00 4.00 3.99 3.99 4.01 4.00 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.03 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.02

Wo 43.4 42.3 42.6 43.0 42.4 43.0 42.6 42.0 40.5 42.7 42.7 41.2 42.4 42.5 42.2 41.8 42.1 42.7 En 40.4 39.7 39.8 40.9 41.0 40.8 42.2 39.9 49.8 41.6 41.3 40.6 45.0 46.0 40.8 42.2 43.3 41.4 Fs 16.2 18.0 17.6 16.1 16.6 16.2 15.2 18.1 9.7 15.7 16.0 18.2 12.6 ll.5 17.0 16.0 14.6 15.9

Mg# 71.6 68.8 69.4 71.8 70.9 71.6 73.9 68.8 83.6 72.3 72.1 69.3 78.4 80.2 70.5 72.6 74.6 72.1

tv -tv Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1174R I 179M 0944C 0945R 0951C 0952R 0953C 0954R 0955C 0956R 0957C 0958R 0855C 0857R 0864C 0865R 1267C 1281N Sample TG240 TG240 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 Crystal 7 8 I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 4

Si02 52.49 50.55 51.92 52.58 54.44 52.50 52.61 52.26 52.39 54.14 51.88 53.63 51.98 52.34 52.05 51.46 51.07 50.50 TiOz 0.22 0.42 0.44 0.33 0.10 0.47 0.38 0.33 0.54 0.19 0.49 0.32 0.56 0.59 0.51 0.72 0.58 0.61 AlzOJ 1.84 3.46 2.02 3.44 1.43 1.68 1.59 1.57 2.39 2.31 3.35 1.86 2.06 1.83 1.79 2.54 1.82 3.15 FeO 6.80 6.75 10.69 6.34 5.55 12.34 12.52 12.07 11.46 5.90 8.44 7.23 11.53 10.05 10.64 12.38 11.25 8.27 MnO 0.14 0.08 0.29 0.15 0.06 0.33 0.25 0.29 0.17 0.15 0.23 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.17 0.21 0.25 0.12 MgO 17.71 15.53 13.92 16.12 15.89 13.24 12.77 13.02 13.84 16.81 14.70 15.93 15.29 15.39 15.38 15.02 15.13 16.11 CaO 18.92 21.02 19.59 20.61 22.09 19.63 19.37 20.06 18.76 20.48 19.52 20.53 17.62 18.04 18.47 16.05 17.26 18.75 NazO 0.18 0.20 0.34 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.29 0.26 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.24 0.37 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.37 0.21 KzO 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.20 0.14 0.00 0.45 0.85 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.33 0.09 0.17 0.Q7 0.19 0.15 0.16 0.10 0.13 NiO 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.04 . 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 TOTAL 98.57 98.16 99.21 100.29 100.66 100.43 99.78 99.91 99.83 100.56 99.01 100.06 99.68 98.97 99.47 98.88 97.85 97.85

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.95 1.90 1.96 1.93 1.99 1.97 1.98 1.97 1.96 1.97 1.94 1.97 1.95 0.02 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.91 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02· 0.Q2 0.02 IV AI 0.05 0.10 0.04 0.07 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.09 AIVI 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.Q7 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.06 0.03 0.05 Fe 0.21 0.21 0.34 0.19 0.17 0.39 0.39 0.38 0.36 0.18 0.26 0.22 0.36 0.32 0.33 0.39 0.36 0.26 Mn 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.81 0.01 0.01 om 0.Ql 0.01 0.00 Mg 0.98 0.87 0.78 0.88 0.87 0.74 0.72 0.73 0.77 0.91 0.82 0.Q2 0.85 0.86 0.86 0.85 0.86 0.91 Ca 0.75 0.85 0.79 0.81 0.87 0.79 0.78 0.81 0.75 0.80 0.78 0.00 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.65 0.71 0.76 Na 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.Q2 Cr 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.00 3.99 3.98 4.00 3.98 3.99 3.99 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.01

Wo 38.7 43.9 41.4 42.9 45.5 41.2 41.3 42.1 40.0 42.2 41.9 42.5 36.8 38.1 38.4 34.4 36.7 39.4 En 50.4 45.1 40.9 46.8 45.6 38.6 37.9 38.1 41.0 48.3 43.9 45.8 44.4 45.3 44.4 44.9 44.7 47.1 Fs 10.9 11.0 17.6 10.3 8.9 20.2 20.8 19.8 19.0 9.5 14.2 11.7 18.8 16.6 17.2 20.7 18.6 13.5

Mg# 82.4 80.6 69.6 82.2 83.7 65.5 64.9 65.8 68.1 83.5 75.9 8.3 70.2 72.9 72.3 68.5 70.5 77.8 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1282N 1283C 1216C 1217R 1219C 1220R I 227C 1228R 1229C 1231R 1235C 1237R 1325C 1327R 1355C 1356R 1359C 1360R Sample TG279 TG279 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 T0280 T0280 TG280 T0280 T0280 T0280 TG288 TG288 T0288 T0288 T0288 T0288 Crystal :i 6 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3

SiO. 47.32 51.30 51.64 51.33 51.60 51.09 51.85 51.88 52.14 50.63 51.19 52.32 50.04 50.19 49.55 50.22 49.24 51.69 TiOz 1.60 0.25 0.53 0.65 0.63 0.50 0.61 0.43 0.48 0.70 0.49 0.24 0.51 0.49 0.61 0.54 0.69 0.31 AIzOJ 6.41 3.78 1.82 2.10 2.33 3.54 2.47 2.54 1.75 2.54 2.64 2.87 2.12 1.96 2.99 2.37 3.53 1.94 FeO 10.01 6.03 11.20 11.12 9.07 9.18 9.69 6.18 9.28 11.71 9.90 4.59 12.07 11.29 12.32 11.81 13.12 8.94 MnO 0.18 0.10 0.17 0.33 0.23 0.12 0.16 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.06 0.25 0.29 0.28 0.23 0.26 0.Q7 MgO 13.42 16.03 15.22 15.09 15.48 15.53 15.98 16.75 15.88 14.78 15.09 17.21 13.46 13.85 13.28 14.07 13.32 16.37 CaO 18.75 19.70 18.03 17.51 18.21 18.03 17.97 20.37 18.70 16.89 17.95 19.52 19.44 19.96 18.66 18.74 18A9 19.12 NazO 0.34 0.46 0.38 0.32 0.35 0.43 0.41 0.23 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.36 0.29 0.22 0.38 0.23 0.24 0.20 KzO 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om CrzOJ 0.05 0.73 0.12 0.12 0.18 0.08 0.18 0.54 0.25 0.11 0.18 0.73 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 NiO 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.Q7 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 TOTAIJ 98.14 98.41 99.11 98.61 98.16 98.57 99.30 99.09 99.02 97.95 98.09 97.90 98.19 98.27 98.15 98.23 98.93 98.66

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.80 1.92 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.92 1.94 1.93 1.95 1.93 1.94 1.95 1.92 1.92 1.91 1.92 1.88 1.94 Ti 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 om 0.02 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.Q2 0.01 IV AI 0.20 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.06 0.07 0.05 om 0.06 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.06 V1 AI 0.09 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.04 0.Q3 0.05 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 Fe 0.32 0.19 0.35 0.35 0.29 0.29 0.30 0.19 0.29 0.37 0.31 0.14 0.39 0.36 0.40 0.38 0.42 0.28 Mn 0.01 0.00 om om 0.01 0.00 0.01 om om 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 Mg 0.76 0.89 0.86 0.85 0.87 0.87 0.89 0.93 0.89 0.84 0.85 0.96 0.77 0.79 0.76 0.80 0.76 0.92 Ca 0.77 0.79 0.73 0.71 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.81 0.75 0.69 0.73 0.78 0.80 0.82 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.77 Na 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 om Cr 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.03 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.02 4.03 4.02 i Wo 41.4 42.2 37.6 37.1 38.9 38.5 37.6 42.0 38.9 36.2 38.4 41.5 40.8 41.5 39.9 39.4 39.1 39.1 En 41.3 47.7 44.2 44.5 46.0 46.2 46.6 48.1 46.0 44.2 45.0 50.9 39.4 40.1 39.5 41.2 39.2 46.6 Fs 17.3 10.1 18.2 18.4 15.1 15.3 15.8 9.9 15.1 19.6 16.6 7.6 19.8 18.4 20.6 19.4 21.7 14.3

Mg# 70.4 82.4 71.1 70.8 75.0 75.0 74.8 83.0 75.4 69.4 73.3 87.3 66.4 68.7 65.5 67.8 64.4 76.7 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1370C 1371R 1394C 1395R 1414C 1415R 1416C 1417R 1421C 1422R 1457C 1458R 1460C 1463R 1475C 1476R 1489C 1490R Sample TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 Crysta! 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2 2

SiOz 51.22 50.23 50.69 51.01 50.37 51.38 49.91 50.66 51.48 51.48 49.56 49.52 50.41 50.59 51.42 50.45 52.96 52.34 TiOz 0.45 0.46 0.47 0.40 0.55 0.39 0.61 0.45 0.49 0.52 0.66 0.64 0.67 0.57 0.44 0.63 0.45 0.49 AlzOJ 2.03 3.37 1.51 1.84 2.06 1.35 2.29 1.70 1.99 1.80 2.88 2.86 2.36 2.04 2.06 2.58 1.76 1.84 FeO 9.72 9.03 12.06 11.02 12.28 11.00 11.68 11.77 11.64 12.10 11.62 11.52 11.72 11.32 10.49 11.54 11.54 12.05 MnO 0.19 0.22 0.14 0.20 0.32 0.28 0.28 0.27 0.24 0.32 0.12 0.34 0.40 0.43 0.16 0.24 0.08 0.40 MgO 15.02 14.69 13.80 14.18 14.28 14.44 13.88 14.05 14.40 14.03 13.88 13.33 12.96 14.Q3 15.91 14.32 14.83 14.44 CaO 19.67 20.16 19.29 19.95 18.93 19.77 19.57 19.40 18.81 19.19 19.54 20.25 19.73 19.90 18.65 19.42 18.75 18.37 Nap 0.27 0.30 0.21 0.26 0.23 0.22 0.25 0.29 0.23 0.26 0.34 0.23 0.26 0.27 0.24 0.24 0.22 0.29 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 CrzOJ 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 am 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.05 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 98.63 98.50 98.18 98.88 99.06 98.84 98.48 98.59 99.29 99.70 98.59 98.75 98.52 99.15 99.47 99.42 100.58 100.28

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.94 1.90 1.94 1.94 1.92 1.95 1.91 1.93 1.94 1.94 1.89 1.90 1.93 1.92 1.93 1.91 1.96 1.96 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.06 0.10 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.11 0.10 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.04 0.04 VI AI am 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 am 0.02 am 0.02 0.Q3 0.01 0.02 0.Q2 0.04 0.04 Fe 0.31 0.29 0.39 0.35 0.39 0.35 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.36 0.33 0.36 0.36 0.38 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 Mg 0.85 0.83 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.82 0.79 0.80 0.81 0.79 0.79 0.76 0.74 0.79 0.89 0.81 0.82 0.80 Ca 0.80 0.82 0.79 0.81 0.77 0.80 0.80 0.79 0.76 0.78 0.80 0.83 0.81 0.81 0.75 0.79 0.74 0.74 Na 0.Q2 0.02 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.02 0.Q3 0.02 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.03 4.03 4.01 4.03 4.02 4.03 3.99 4.00

Wo 40.9 42.3 40.3 41.3 39.1 40.8 40.8 40.3 39.2 39.9 40.8 42.4 42.1 41.2 38.1 40.2 38.8 38.4 En 43.4 42.9 40.1 40.9 41.1 41.5 40.2 40.6 41.8 40.5 40.3 38.8 38.4 40.5 45.2 41.2 42.6 42.0 Fs 15.7 14.8 19.6 17.8 19.8 17.7 19.0 19.1 19.0 19.6 18.9 18.8 19.5 18.3 16.7 18.6 18.6 19.6

Mg# 73.3 74.1 66.9 69.6 67.5 70.1 68.1 67.8 68.6 67.5 68.1 67.3 66.7 68.7 73.0 69.2 69.5 67.8 Table A9.3 Microprobe analyses of clinopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued). :g:t. !'i> Analysis 1513C 1514R 1516C 1517R 1518C 1519R ;::: Sample TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 ~!:;. Crystal 4 3 3 4 5 5 10 SiO. 49.81 50.10 49.94 51.09 51.19 51.26 ~ 5' TiO. 0.57 0.63 0.61 0.57 0.58 0.64 !'i> AI.03 2.33 2.54 2.84 2.36 2.99 2.66 ~ "- FeO 13.41 11.72 11.98 12.85 10.29 11.37 (j ;;:;- MnO 0.25 0.24 0.27 0.17 0.19 0.13 !'i> MgO 14.43 14.18 14.52 13.83 14.65 14.21 ;:l (:;. CaO 17.47 18.88 18.20 19.00 20.18 19.92 I::i 0.26 0.32 0.26 0.25 -. Na10 0.25 0.30 § K.O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 I::i Cr103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 q NiO 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 '"!'i> TOTAL 98.57 98.62 98.63 100.13 100.37 100.49 '" ~..... Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens '"(\) ~ Si 1.91 1.91 1.90 1.92 1.91 1.91 (j Ti 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 ... Allv 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.08 0.09 0.09 ~ Alvl 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.03 13 Fe 0.43 0.37 0.38 0.40 0.32 0.36 ~"- Mn om 0.01 om 0.01 om 0.00 ~ Mg 0.82 0.81 0.82 0.78 0.81 0.79 Ca 0.72 0.77 0.74 0.77 0.81 0.80 Na 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.03 4.03 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02

Wo 36.4 39.5 38.1 39.3 41.5 41.0 En 41.8 41.3 42.3 39.9 42.0 40.7 Fs 21.8 19.2 19.6 20.8 16.5 18.3

Mg# 65.6 68.6 68.3 66.1 71.7 68.7

...... tv 0\ Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis OO05C 00061 oo07R 0017C oo20R 0021C 0022R 0026C 0027R 0030C 0031R 0032C 0033R 0034C 0035R 0118C 0073C oo74R Sample TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TGool TG020 TG020 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 7 8

Si02 53.20 52.44 52.23 54.35 53.40 53.89 54.52 53.15 53.81 54.22 54.74 53.67 52.75 53.04 52.49 53.14 52.20 52.45 TiO, 0.17 0.19 0.28 0.21 0.28 0.17 0.16 0.28 0.25 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.32 0.21 0.31 0.22 0.27 0.18 AI,0 3 0.87 1.31 1.19 0.90 1.28 1.39 0.86 1.60 1.16 1.36 0.96 1.05 1.26 1.68 1.18 1.39 1.59 0.93 FeO 18.46 17.84 20.82 18.50 19.37 18.32 18.38 19.83 18.73 17.39 16.78 18.81 20.06 19.34 21.53 18.49 21.08 20.78 MnO 0.36 0.36 0.35 0.30 0.32 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.44 0.34 0.29 0.38 0.34 0.34 0.37 0.28 0.45 0.45 MgO 24.66 25.13 23.11 24.66 23.53 24.46 24.62 23.47 24.07 24.88 25.73 24.55 23.36 23.64 22.18 24.54 22.56 22.32 CaO 1.70 1.81 2.01 1.81 1.95 1.80 1.84 1.90 1.89 1.84 1.80 1.93 1.91 1.49 1.95 1.85 1.48 1.71 Na,O 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 20 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr203 0.00 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.08 0.03 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.00 TOTAL 99.40 99.20 100.11 100.80 100.16 100.48 100.77 100.64 100.41 100.32 100.54 100.61 100.10 99.83 100.05 100.00 99.68 98.82

Number of cations on basis of6 oxygens Si 1.96 1.94 1.94 1.98 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.95 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.96 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.95 1.97 Ti 0.00 O.oJ O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 O.oJ O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ 1V AI 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.03 v1 Al 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.oJ 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 O.oJ 0.01 0.03 O.oJ O.oJ 0.02 O.oJ Fe 0.57 0.55 0.65 0.56 0.60 0.56 0.56 0.61 0.57 0.53 0.51 0.57 0.62 0.60 0.67 0.57 0.66 0.65 Mn O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ O.oJ Mg 1.36 1.39 1.28 1.34 1.29 1.33 1.33 1.28 1.31 1.35 1.39 1.34 1.29 1.30 1.23 1.34 1.25 1.25 Ca 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.01 4.03 4.02 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.00

Wo 3.3 3.5 4.0 3.6 3.9 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.0 3.9 3.7 3.0 3.5 En 67.7 68.6 63.4 67.5 65.4 67.5 67.5 64.9 66.5 68.8 70.3 66.9 64.6 66.1 61.8 67.4 63.2 62.9 Fs 29.0 27.9 32.6 28.9 30.7 28.9 28.8 31.3 29.7 27.5 26.2 29.3 31.6 30.9 34.3 28.9 33.8 33.6

Mg# 70.5 71.6 66.3 70.5 68.3 70.4 70.4 67.7 69.7 71.8 73.2 70.2 67.5 68.4 64.7 70.2 65.4 65.8 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0075C 0076R 0081C 0082R 009lC 0092R 0093C 0094R 0103C OIISC 10270 1028C 1029R !030C 1031R 1049C 1050R 1060C Sample TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG051 TG051 TG051 TGOS! TG05! TG051 TG05! TG05! Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

Si01 52.29 52.14 52.51 52.87 52.56 52.45 53.70 52.60 52.54 52.79 54.14 51.96 52.52 51.64 52.27 52.60 53.21 53.27 Ti01 0.30 0.25 0.29 0.23 0.25 0.24 0.16 0.31 0.21 0.25 0.32 0.22 0.36 0.24 0.34 0.24 0.23 0.24 Ah0 3 1.02 1.32 1.37 LI5 1.24 1.27 0.94 1.35 0.71 0.79 1.98 0.87 1.31 Ll2 1.54 1.24 0.79 1.37 FeO 20.60 20.27 20.42 20.44 20.08 20.83 18.64 20.68 20.38 20.47 16.15 24.82 22.24 23.32 22.62 21.30 22.62 20.33 MnO 0.43 0.42 0.44 0.49 0.51 0.45 0.48 0.37 0.41 0.47 0.29 0.59 0.37 0.47 0.47 0.34 0.40 0.44 MgO 22.27 22.59 23.06 22.93 23.07 22.42 24.25 22.50 23.01 22.82 27.62 20.79 22.75 21.72 22.56 22.59 22.98 21.92 CaO 1.80 1.82 1.66 1.87 1.63 1.78 1.57 1.71 1.85 1.74 0.93 1.50 1.75 1.62 1.65 1.45 1.57 1.71 Na10 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr10) 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 98.70 98.84 99.82 100.01 99.36 99.47 99.79 99.63 99.18 99.34 101.45 100.82 101.31 100.14 101.48 99.77 101.85 99.26

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.96 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.98 1.96 1.97 1.97 1.93 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.93 1.96 1.95 1.98 Ti om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 O.O! 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.D3 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.D3 0.D3 0.07 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.Q7 0.04 0.Q3 0.02 v1 Al om om om 0.01 om 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.00 om 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.04 Fe 0.65 0.64 0.63 0.63 0.63 0.65 0.57 0.64 0.64 0.64 0.48 0.78 0.69 0.73 0.70 0.66 0.69 0.63 Mn 0.01 om 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 0.Q1 om 0.Q1 0.02 om O.O! 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.Q1 Mg 1.25 1.26 1.28 1.27 1.28 1.25 1.33 L25 1.28 1.27 7.47 L16 1.25 1.22 L24 1.25 1.26 1.22 Ca 0.07 0.Q7 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.04 0.06 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.06 0.06 0.Q7 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.02 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.03 4.03 4.01 4.03 3.98

Wo 3.6 3.7 3.3 3.7 3.3 3.6 3.1 3.5 3.7 3.5 1.8 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.3 2.9 3.1 3.6 En 63.0 63.6 64.1 63.7 64.4 62.9 67.2 63.3 63.9 63.7 74.0 58.1 62.4 60.4 61.9 63.5 62.4 63.4 Fs 33.4 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.3 33.5 29.7 33.2 32.4 32.8 24.2 38.9 34.2 36.4 34.8 33.6 34.5 33.0

Mg# 65.8 66.3 67.0 66.8 67.0 65.8 70.0 66.1 66.7 66.5 94.0 59.8 64.4 62.6 63.9 65.4 64.6 65.9

..... N 00 Table A9,4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Toognriro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1061R 1062C 1063R 0734C 0735R 0736C 0737R 0742C 0743R 0752C 0753R 0761C 0762R 1070C 1071R IOnc 1073R 1074C Sample TG051 TG051 TG051 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG080 TGOSO TGOSO TG080 TG080 Crystal 5 6 6 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 2 3

Si0 53.42 1 53.82 54.21 53.91 53.92 53.53 53.08 54.05 53.86 53.86 55.36 52.50 53.70 54.54 55.IS 53.24 53.13 53.64 Ti0 0.30 0.28 1 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.35 0.10 0.13 0.32 0.23 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.20 0.24 0.13 0.21 AI10 1.41 1.03 J 0.67 0.75 0.87 1.36 2.18 0.74 0.78 2.22 2.11 0.75 0.80 1.21 1.36 0.97 0.50 0.91 FeO 20.80 20.68 19.81 19.98 22.23 2235 19.18 22.06 22.52 17.84 14.31 19.56 16.29 18.48 16.76 21.22 22.61 21.10 MoO 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.82 o.n 0.73 0.65 0.69 0.76 0.43 0.24 0.78 0.29 0.36 0.42 0.49 0.70 0.71 MgO 22.24 22.05 22.14 21.65 21.99 21.96 22.02 22.11 21.80 23.76 26.95 22.76 25.31 24.00 25.43 21.97 20.96 21.67 CaO 1.77 1.50 1.53 US 1.10 1.24 1.57 0.86 0.96 1.66 1.43· 1.64 1.81 1.45 1.45 1.19 1.13 1.18 Na,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 K 0 0.00 2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ( 0 C 2 ) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.02 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.33 99.78 98.96 98.52 101.02 101.38 99.04 100.64 100.83 100.16 100.66 98.18 98.40 100.25 100.S3 99.37 99.17 99.44

Number of cations on basis of6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.99 2.01 2.02 1.99 1.97 1.97 2.00 1.99 1.96 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.98 1.99 2.00 2.00 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 IV om AI 0.03 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.00 om 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 v1 0.00 Al 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.03 0.Q2 0.06 0.06 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.04 Fe 0.64 0.64 0.62 0.62 0.68 0.69 0.60 0.68 0.70 0.54 0.43 0.62 0.50 0.56 0.50 0.66 0.71 0.66 Mn 0.01 om 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Mg 1.22 1.22 1.23 1.21 1.21 1.20 1.22 1.22 1.20 1.29 1.43 1.28 1.39 1.30 1.36 1.22 1.18 1.20 Ca 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 3.98 3.96 3.97 3.99 4.00 3.97 3.99 3.99 3.98 3.98 4.00 4.00 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.98

Wo 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.5 2.2 2.5 3.3 1.7 2.0 3.4 2.8 3.4 3.6 2.9 2.9 2.4 2.4 2.5 En 63.2 63.5 64.4 64.2 62.4 62.1 64.9 63.0 62.1 68.0 74.9 65.2 70.8 67.8 70.9 63.3 60.8 63.1 Fs 33.2 33.4 32.4 33.3 35.4 35.4 31.8 35.3 35.9 28.6 22.3 31.4 25.6 29.3 26.2 34.3 36.8 34.4

Mg# 65.6 65.6 66.5 66.1 64.0 63.5 67.0 64.2 63.2 70.5 76.9 67.4 73.5 69.9 73.1 64.9 62.4 64.5 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1075R 1084C 1085R 1086C 1087R 1095C 1098C 0635C 0636R 0637C 0639C 0640R 0646C 0647R 06550 0658C 0659R 0662C Sample TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 TG098 Crystal 3 4 4 5 5 6 7 2 3 3 4 4 5 6 6 7

SiOl 54.02 53.55 52.40 53.69 53.80 54.35 51.84 52.80 52.58 52.89 52.70 53.23 54.43 54.95 55.51 54.21 54.41 53.81

TiOl 0.15 0.18 0.24 0.19 0.13 0.19 0.26 0.22 0.16 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.10 0.17 0.26 0.09 0.16 0.23 AlzO, 0.62 0.61 0.93 0.63 0.52 0.79 2.52 3.59 0.96 0.76 0.98 0.75 0.50 0.77 1.46 0.55 0.59 2.08 FeO 21.71 22.11 23.21 21.62 20.87 19.90 21.52 14.18 20.18 20.91 21.23 20.26 20.40 17.41 15.45 22.26 21.74 19.30 MnO 0.74 0.74 0.63 0.75 0.77 0.67 0.50 0.20 0.44 0.67 0.87 0.60 0.54 0.44 0.33 0.71 0.78 0.43 MgO 22.17 21.53 20.26 21.73 22.31 22.05 21.15 26.19 22.70 21.96 21.87 22.36 23.03 24.83 25.64 22.49 22.55 23.77 CaO 1.24 1.14 1.35 1.30 1.09 1.56 1.12 1.36 1.03 0.85 0.97 1.23 1.02 1.63 0.98 0.87 0.86 1.22 NazO 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.Q2 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.05 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.oI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzO, 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.71 99.86 99.04 99.91 99.50 99.58 98.94 98.53 98.04 98.16 98.81 98.61 100m 100.22 99.62 101.17 101.13 100.89

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.99 2.00 1.98 2.00 2.00 2.01 1.95 1.92 1.98 2.00 1.98 1.99 2.01 2.00 2.00 1.99 2.00 1.96 Ti 0.00 0.01 O.oI O.oI 0.00 O.oI 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 O.oI 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.oI 0.00 . 0.00 0.01 IV AI 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.08 0.Q2 0.00 0.02 O.oI 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.oI 0.00 0.04 v1 Al 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.Q2 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.Q2 0.03 0.06 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.05 Fe 0.67 0.69 0.74 0.67 0.65 0.62 0.68 0.43 0.64 0.66 0.67 0.63 0.63 0.53 0.47 0.68 0.67 0.59 Mn 0.Q2 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 0.03 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 0.02 O.oI Mg 1.22 1.20 1.14 1.21 1.24 1.22 1.18 1.42 1.27 1.24 1.23 1.25 1.26 1.34 1.38 1.23 1.23 1.29 Ca 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.05 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 3.98 3.99 3.98 3.98 3.97 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.98 3.99 3.99 3.99 3.98 3.96 3.99 3.99 3.99

Wo 2.5 2.4 2.8 2.7 2.3 3.3 2.4 2.8 2.1 1.8 2.0 2.6 2.1 3.3 2.0 1.7 1.7 2.5 En 62.9 61.9 59.2 62.5 64.1 64.2 62.1 74.6 65.3 64.0 63.5 64.6 65.4 69.4 73.2 63.2 63.8 67.0 Fs 34.6 35.7 38.0 34.8 33.6 32.5 35.5 22.6 32.6 34.2 34.5 32.8 32.5 27.3 24.8 35.1 34.5 30.5

Mg# 64.6 63.5 60.6 64.4 65.6 66.3 63.4 76.8 66.5 65.3 64.7 66.5 66.7 71.7 74.6 64.4 64.7 68.6 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0663R 0266C 0271C 0275C 0698C 0718C 07191 0723C 0725C 0726R 0732C 0733R 0129C 0J30R 0J38C 0139R 0142C 0143R Sample TG09S TGI12 TGIl2 TGIl2 TGIl5 TGllS TGIIS TG1l5 TOll5 TGIIS TGII5 TGI15 TGI26 TGI26 TGI26 TOl26 TGl26 TOl26 Crystal 7 1 2 3 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 3

Si02 54.89 52.62 53.33 52.90 56.01 57.30 57.40 55.36 53.00 53.31 52.63 56.46 53.02 52.68 53,65 52.42 52.04 52.48 TiO. 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.31 0.18 0.15 0.11 0.15 0.18 0.24 0,21 0,19 0,15 0.18 0.13 0.21 0.17 0.13 AI10 3 1.20 0.65 0.77 1.78 0.98 0.61 0.43 0.83 0.49 0.87 0.71 0,56 0.64 0.72 1.28 0,78 0.66 0.48 FeO 19.67 22,98 20.55 20.28 11.56 10.48 11.57 16.11 24.44 23.64 24.94 14.53 21.96 2227 18,89 21.32 23.31 23.12 MnO 0.41 0.61 0,46 0.33 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.34 0.52 0.42 0.50 0.38 0.53 0,62 0.38 0.51 0.61 0.51 MgO 24.27 2L31 22.61 23.35 27.66 28.94 28.66 25.56 19.67 20.66 19.37 27.07 22.12 21.85 24,83 22.47 20.99 2Ll8 CaO 1.19 1.30 1.22 1.82 1.81 2.14 2.28 1.97 1.39 1.49 1.43 2.13 1.27 1.24 1.31 1.29 1.26 LIS Na10 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 K.O 0.00 0,00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 CrI03 0,00 0.04 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.00 0,00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 0,04 0.00 0.05 0,00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.06 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 101.88 99.71 99.18 100.86 98.55 99.96 100.83 100.32 99.73 100.67 99.79 101.41 99.70 99.57 100.49 98.99 99.04 99.05

Number of eations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.94 2.01 2.02 2.02 2.00 2.00 1.99 1.99 2.00 1.98 1.98 1.96 1.97 1.97 1.99 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.01 O.oI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 om 0.01 om 0.00 0.01 0,00 0.01 0,00 0,00 1V AI 0,02 0.Q2 O.oI 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0,01 0.00 0,02 0.02 0.04 0,03 0.03 0.Ql v1 Al 0.Q3 O.oI 0.Q2 0.02 0.04 0.Q3 0.02 0.03 0.Q2 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 om 0,01 0,01 0.00 0.00 om Fe 0.59 0.72 0,64 0.62 0.35 0.31 0.34 0,49 0.77 0.74 0,79 0.43 0.69 0.70 0.58 0,67 0.74 0,73 Mn 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 om 0,02 0.01 0.Q2 0.Q2 om 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 Mg 1.30 1.19 1.26 1.28 1.48 1.52 1.50 1,37 1.11 1.15 0.00 1.43 1.23 1.22 1.35 1.26 Ll9 1.19 Ca 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.Q7· 0.Q7 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0,05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0.00 Cr 0,00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,00 0,00 0,00 TOTAL 3,99 4,00 3.99 4.01 3.96 3.97 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.99 3.99 3.98 4.00 4.00 4,01 4,01 4.01 4,00

Wo 2.4 2.7 2.5 3.6 3.7 4.2 4.4 3.9 l.l 3.1 3.0 4.2 2.6 2,5 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.4 En 67.1 60.6 64.6 64.8 78.0 79.6 77.9 71.0 58.3 59,0 56,3 73.6 62.6 62.0 683 63.6 60.0 60.6 Fs 30.5 36.7 32,9 31.6 18.3 16.2 17.7 25.1 40.6 37.9 40.7 22.2 34.8 35.5 29.1 33.8 37.4 37.0

Mg# 68.8 62.3 66.3 67.4 80.9 83.1 81.5 73.7 59.0 60.8 0,0 76.9 64,1 63.5 69,9 65.3 6L? 62,0 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas {continued}.

Analysis 0170C 0173C 0174R 0175C 0320C 0321C 0322C 0323R 0330C 0331C 0332R 0339C 0380C 0384C 0385R 0386C 0397C 0988C Sample TGI26 TGl26 TGl26 TG126 TGl34 TGl34 TGI34 TG134 TG134 TG134 TG134 TGI35 TGl35 TGI35 TGI35 TGl35 TG135 TG136 Crystal 4 5 5 6 1 2 3 3 4 5 5 2 3 3 4 5 1

Si02 52.31 52A8 52.24 52.14 54.75 54.22 52A2 52.68 53.01 52.98 53.06 54.19 51.63 51.42 50.99 51.31 51.71 51.72 TiO. 0.21 0.18 0.19 0.23 0.15 0.19 0.26 0.17 0.14 0.22 0.27 0.09 0.25 0.23 0.19 0.24 0.22 0.08 AI10J 0.84 0.64 0.65 0.71 1.00 1.82 0.71 0.62 0.49 0.98 0.74 0.63 1.34 1.66 1.58 1.50 1.14 1.51 FeO 22.07 23.19 23.02 21.74 15.61 16.05 24.75 24.37 24.59 22.24 23.85 14.07 20.69 20.02 21.27 19.98 19.50 23.88 MnO 0.58 0.59 0.65 0.51 0.19 0.22 0.57 0.63 0.59 0.51 0.66 DAD 0.36 0.26 OA9 0.41 0.51 0.71 MgO 22.58 22.03 21.86 22.67 26.96 26.98 20.72 21.13 21.49 23.30 21.98 27.95 23.15 23.24 22.25 23.28 23.71 22.29 CaO 1.37 1.17 1.29 1.44 1.43 1.36 1.34 1.21 1.23 1.22 1.66 1.44 Ll4 1.17 1.33 1.30 0.46 NazO 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 KlO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr103 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.Q3 0.05 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.96 100.31 99.95 99.36 100.12 100.98 100.78 101.04 101.53 101.50 101.77 99.07 98.91 97.96 97.99 98.10 98.10 100.66

Number of cations on baSis of 6 oxygens Si 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.96 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.95 1.96 1.97 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.95 1.93 Ti 0.01 om om 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 om 0.01 0.01 om om 0.00 AllY 0.04 0.03 0.Q3 0.Q3 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.Q2 0.04 0.Q3 0.03 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.Q7 YI AI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 Fe 0.69 0.73 0.72 0.6& 0.47 0.48 0.78 0.76 0.76 0.68 0.74 0.43 0.65 0.63 0.68 0.63 0.61 0.75 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 om 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 Mg 1.26 1.23 1.22 1.27 lAS 1.16 1.16 1.18 1.19 1.28 1.21 LSI 1.30 1.31 1.26 1.31 1.33 1.24 Ca 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.02 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.03

Wo 2.7 2.3 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.7 2A 2.4 2A 3.2 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.7 2.6 0.9 En 62.8 61.4 61.2 63.2 73A 72.9 58.2 59.1 59.4 63.6 60.7 75.5 64.7 65.9 63.5 65.7 66.6 61.9 Fs 34.5 36.3 36.2 34.1 23.8 24.3 39.0 38.2 38.2 34.0 36.9 21.3 32.4 31.8 34.1 31.6 30.8 37.2

Mg# 64.6 62.& 62.9 65.1 75.5 70.7 59.8 60.8 61.0 65.3 62.1 77.8 66.7 67.5 64.9 67.5 68.6 62.3

W N- Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0989R 1000C 100lR 1002C 1003R 1010C 10IJR 1012C 10J3R 0829C 0830R 0831C 0832R 0833C 0834R 0835C 0836R 0837C Sample TGl36 TG136 TGI36 TGl36 TGl36 TGI36 TGl36 TG136 TGI36 TGl56 TGI56 TGl56 TGI56 TGl56 TGI56 TGI56 TGl56 TGI56 Crystal I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 I I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

SiO 52.75 52.07 52.25 z 51.88 52.58 51.57 52.93 51.66 53.27 53.17 54.72 53.89 53.88 54.41 54.15 53.16 54.62 53.70 TiO 0.05 0.10 0.11 z 0.12 0.14 0.10 0.06 0.10 0.02 0.26 0.19 0.31 0.26 0.16 0.25 0.28 0.19 0.33 0.54 1.63 AhOJ 1.50 1.65 1.39 1.78 0.99 1.38 0.52 1.05 0.88 1.79 0.91 2.14 1.59 1.32 0.82 1.10 FeO 23.17 21.28 20.01 22.00 19.97 22.62 21.29 23.38 22.67 20.25 17.94 17.25 18.67 15.88 18.04 19.74 19.40 20.51 MnO 0.65 0.55 0.69 0.74 0.78 0.75 0.56 0.93 0.73 0.36 0.37 0.28 0.36 0.34 0.31 0.39 0040 0049 MgO 22.72 23.39 23.92 22.84 24.09 22.64 23.72 22.13 23.08' 22.71 25.37 25.92 24.75 26.53 25.13 23.26 24.40 23.36 CaO 0.49 0.71 0.78 0.62 0.98 0.79 0.74 0.43 0.46 1.77 1.70 1.57 1.57 1.44 1.51 1.67 1.65 1.73 Na20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 K10 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.04 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.36 99.75 99.26 99.85 99.92 100.25 100.29 100.02 100.76 99.58 101.27 101.08 100.44 100.91 101.05 99.84 1Ol.51 10 1.21

Number or cations on basis or 6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.94 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.93 1.96 [.94 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.95 1.96 1.96 1.98 1.96 Ti 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.Q1 0.Q1 IV om 0.01 AI 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.04 0.06 om 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.Q2 v1 0.04 0.04 Al 0.00 0.01 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.Q1 0.Q1 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 Fe 0.72 0.66 0.62 0.69 0.62 0.71 0.66 0.73 0.70 0.63 0.54 0.54 0.57 0.48 0.55 0.61 0.59 0.63 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 om 0.Q3 0.02 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.02 Mg 1.26 1.30 1.33 1.27 1.33 1.26 1.31 1.24 1.27 1.26 1.36 1.36 1.35 1.42 1.35 1.28 1.32 1.27 Ca 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.G3 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.07 0.Q7 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

Wo 1.0 1.4 1.6 1.3 2.0 1.6 1.5 0.9 0.9 3.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.4 En 63.0 65.3 67.0 64.1 66.9 63.1 65.5 62.2 63.9 64.3 69.2 70.6 68.1 72.8 69.2 65.5 66.9 64.7 Fs 36.0 33.3 31.4 34.6 31.1 35.3 33.0 36.9 35.2 32.1 27.5 26.3 28.8 24.4 27.8 31.1 29.9 31.9

Mg# 63.6 66.3 68.2 64.8 68.2 64.0 66.5 62.9 64.5 66.7 71.6 71.6 70.3 74.7 71.1 67.7 69.1 66.8 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0838R 0573C 0574R 0577C 0578R 0581C 0588C 0589R 0593R 0594C 0595R 0603C 0182C 0183R 0187C 0189R 0200C 020lR Sample TG156 TGI61 TG161 TGI61 TG161 TG161 TGI61 TG161 TG161 TGI61 TGI61 TG161 TGI63 TGI63 TGI63 TGl63 TGI63 TGI63 Crystal 5 2 2 3 4 4 5 6 6 7 2 2 3 3

SiOl 53.78 52.73 52.06 52.94 52.23 52.06 53.04 52.55 53.00 52.23 52.60 52.84 52.95 52.59 51.82 52.92 53.58 53,42 TiOl 0.28 0.28 0.34 0.31 0.38 0.35 0.24 0.32 0.29 0.35 0.40 0.25 0.28 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.26 0.24 AIPJ 1.09 0.93 0.58 1.18 0.98 1.09 1.23 0.98 0.86 1.01 1.00 1.51 1.27 1.36 1.26 1.19 1.46 1.07 FeO 20.22 20.65 22.48 19.98 22.59 22.24 20.06 21.91 20.90 22.79 21.19 20.27 18.96 19.61 20.45 19.32 19.26 17.86 MnO 0.47 0.52 0.58 0.48 0,48 0.57 0.39 0.44 0.48 0,49 0.46 0.34 0.28 0.46 0,45 0.45 0.51 0.29 MgO 23.58 21.89 20.63 22.63 20.78 20.93 22.54 , 21.31 21.74 20.40 21.77 22.49 24.38 24.26 22.63 24.22 24.07 25.33 CaO 1.65 1.70 1.91 1.64 1.87 1.84 1.48 1.77 1.84 1.86 1.93 1.73 2.16 1.63 2.29 1.83 1.75 1.75 Na,O 0.02 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.Q2 0.04 0.Q3 0.Q2 0.00 0,04 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.Q3 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 TOTAL 101.09 98,75 98.63 99.27 99.42 99.11 99.05 99.30 99.10 99.21 99.40 99.46 100.34 100.28 99.20 100.26 100.89 99.98

Number of cations on baSis of6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.94 1.94 1.94 1.95 1.96 1.96 Ti O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ 0.01 0.01 O.oJ O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 O.oJ 0.01 O.oJ o.ot IV AI 0.03 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q3 0.Q3 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.Q2 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.04 v1 Al 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 O.oJ O.oJ 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 O.ol 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 Fe 0.62 0.65 0.71 0.62 0.71 0.70 0.63 0.69 0.65 0.72 0.66 0.63 0.58 0.60 0.64 0.59 0.59 0.55 Mn 0.01 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 O.oJ 0.01 0.01 0.02 o.ot Mg 1.28 1.23 1.17 1.26 1.r7 l.1S 1.25 1.19 1.21 1.15 1.22 1.25 1.33 1.33 1.27 1.33 1.31 1.38 Ca 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.Q7 0.09 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.07 0.07 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.00 3.99 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.00 3.99 4.00 3.99 3.99 4.00 3.99 4.02 4.03 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01

Wo 3.3 3.5 4.0 3,4 3.9 3.8 3.0 3.7 3.8 3.9 4.0 3.5 4.2 3.2 4.6 3.6 3.5 3.4 En 65.3 63.1 59.6 64.6 59.7 60.3 64.7 61.1 62.5 59.1 62.1 64.1 66.7 66.6 63.3 66.6 66.6 69.2 Fs 31.4 33.4 36.4 32.0 36.4 35.9 32.3 35.2 33.7 37.0 33.9 32.4 29.1 30.2 32.1 29.8 29.9 27.4

Mg# 67.4 65,4 62.2 67.0 62.2 62.8 66.5 63.3 65.1 61.5 64.9 66.5 69.6 68.9 66.5 69.3 68.9 71.5 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0206C 0207R 0208C 0209R 02130 0218C 0418C 0420R 0434C 0435R 0436C 0437R 0447C 0448R 0451C 0452R 0455C 0456R Sample TG163 TGI63 TGI63 TG163 TGI63 TGI63 TGI92 TG192 TGI92 TG192 TG192 TG192 TGI92 TG192 TGI96 TGI96 TGI96 TG196 Crystal 4 4 5 5 6 7 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 I 2 2

SiO~ 54.33 52.42 53.13 52.92 53.23 52.57 53.58 52.96 52.53 51.71 52.15 52.75 53.87 52.89 52.77 52.08 54.68 53.85 TiO~ 0.18 0.30 0.29 0.31 0.36 0.26 0.25 0.24 0.28 0.28 0.22 0.25 0.20 0.24 0.24 0.27 0.27 0.25 Alz0 3 0.94 1.54 0.94 1.04 1.44 1.63 1.04 1.10 0.95 0.96 0.94 1.34 1.63 1.21 0.74 0.78 0.79 0.86 FeO 16.63 18.98 19.66 19.36 18.37 17.65 19.40 19.01 19.56 21.66 19.75 19.02 18.27 20.86 24.60 24.30 20.03 22.18 MnO 0.33 0.41 0.39 0.40 0.35 0.40 0.42 0.31 0.50 0.52 0.38 0.38 0.34 0.48 0.53 0.60 0.41 0.50 MgO 25.94 24.28 24.30 24.34 24.51 23.80 22.68 23.87 23.12 21.62 23.32 23.95 24.01 22.05 20.08 19.99 23.66 21.80 CaO 1.54 1.71 1.64 1.68 1.61 1.65 1.44 1.31 1.66 1.61 1.61 1.72 1.48 1.59 1.43 1.48 1.43 1.19 . Na~O 0.Q2 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 KzO 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.08 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 100.08 99.77 100.38 100.08 99.89 98.17 98.82 98.84 98.60 98.41 98.41 99.41 99.83 99.39 100.38 99.49 101.27 100.64

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.97 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.96 1.99 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.96 1.95 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.99 1.99 Ti 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 AllY 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.01 0.Q3 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 v1 Al 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 0,02 0.Q3 Fe 0.51 0.59 0.60 0.60 0.56 0.55 0.60 0.59 0.61 0.69 0.62 0.59 0.56 0.65 0.77 0.77 0.6\ 0.69 Mn 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 om 0.01 0,02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 Mg 1.41 1.34 1.33 1.34 1.34 1.32 1.26 1.32 1.29 1.22 1.31 1.32 1.31 1.23 1.12 1.13 1.28 1.20 Ca 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.05 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.00 4.02 4.01 4.02 4.01 4.00 3.98 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.01 3.99 3.99 3.99 4.00 3.99 3.99

WQ 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.0 2.7 3.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.0 3.3 2.9 3.1 2.9 2.5 En 71.3 67.2 66.6 66.9 68.1 68.2 65.5 67.3 65.5 61.9 65.6 66.8 68.0 63.2 57.5 57.6 65.9 62.1 Fs 25.7 29.4 30.2 29.8 28.7 28.4 31.5 30.0 31.1 34.8 31.2 29.8 29.0 33.5 39.6 39.3 31.3 35.4

Mg# 73.4 69.4 68.9 69.1 70.5 70.6 67.7 69.1 67.9 63.9 67.9 69.1 70.1 65.4 59.3 59.5 67.7 63.5 Table A9,4 Microprobe analyses of onhopyroxcne in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0457C 0458R 0459C 0461R 0464C 0465R 1152C 1153R 1154C 1155R 1164C 1165R 1168C 1169R 1175C 1176R 1185C 0942C Sample TGI96 TGI96 TGI96 TG196 TG196 TGl96 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG242 Crystal 3 3 4 4 5 5 I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 1

Si01 54.55 53.76 54.69 56.15 53.71 53.56 53.41 53.91 55.36 53.63 52.51 53.40 52.02 52.51 53.83 54.41 53.19 57.53 TiO, 0.23 0.27 0.20 0.16 0.25 0.32 0.24 0.20 0.11 0.24 0.18 0.12 0.22 0.24 0.18 0.15 0.23 0.00 AhOl 1.25 0.91 1.86 1.65 0.79 1.15 2.17 1.34 0.83 1.42 0.&5 0.48 1.46 0.95 1.02 0.93 0.76 1.12 FeO 16.73 22.41 15.64 14.54 22.58 21.93 15.02 15.20 11.51 16.45 20.48 19.09 19.63 18.79 16.52 15.15 20.49 739 MnO 0.31 0.53 0.26 0.28 0.58 0.50 0.20 0.32 0.25 0.27 0.51 0.37 0.51 0.35 0.36 0.16 0.49 0.13 MgO 24.10 22.03 26.25 27.61 21.87 22.15 26.73 26.&2 28.97 25.92 23.04 23.98 23.53 23.80 26.08 26.95 23.39 31.98 CaO 1.17 1.39 1.34 1.26 1.53 1.58 1.41 1.37 1.44 1.29 1.25 1.24 1.35 1.45 1.46 1.33 1,48 1.67 Na20 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,O, 0.04 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.12 0.08 0.12 0.00 0.Q2 0.12 0.00 0.11 0.10 0.00 0.51 NiO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.08 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.09 TOTAL 98.39 101.29 100.31 101.64 101.30 101.25 99.30 99.35 98.63 99.34 98.91 98.71 98.86 98.08 99.57 99.20 100.04 100.44

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 2.01 1.98 1.97 1.98 1.98 1.97 1.94 1.96 1.99 1.96 1.97 1.99 1.95 1.97 1.97 1.98 1.97 2.00 Ti om om 0.01 0.00 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 AllY 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.05 0.03 0.Q3 0.02 0.Q3 0.00 VI AI 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.05 0.01 0.Q2 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.01 om om 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.04 Fe 0.51 0.69 0.47 0.43 0.70 0.67 0.46 0.46 0.35 0.50 0.64 0.59 0.61 0.59 0.50 0.46 0.63 0.21 Mn om 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.Q2 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 om 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 Mg 1.32 1.21 1.41 1.45 1.20 1.21 1.45 1.45 1.55 1.41 1.29 1.33 1.31 1.33 1.42 1.46 1.29 1.66 Ca 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.06 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 TOTAL 3.96 3.99 3.99 3.98 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.01 3.99 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.02 4.00 4.01 4.00 4.01 3.99

Wo 2.5 2.8 2.7 2.5 3.1 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.8 2.6 2.6 2.5 2.7 2.9 2.9 2.6 2.9 3.2 En 70.2 61.9 72.9 75.3 61.4 62.2 73.9 73.8 79.5 71.8 65.0 67.4 66.3 67.3 71.6 74.0 65.1 85.7 Fs 27.3 35.3 24.4 22.2 35.5 34.6 23.3 23.5 17.7 25.6 32.4 30.1 31.0 29.8 25.5 23.4 32.0 11.1

Mg# 72.1 63.7 75.0 77.1 63.2 64.4 75.9 75.9 81.6 73.& 66.8 69.3 68.2 69.3 74.0 76.0 67.2 88.8 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0943R 0959C 0960R 0961C 0962R 0963C 0964R 0965C 0966R 0869C 0870R OS71C 0872R 0878C 0879R I 242C 1244R 1249C Sample TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG242 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 Crystal 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2 2 3 3 4 4 5

SiO. 55.43 54.34 54.08 54.37 54.53 52.74 53.74 56.18 56.12 55.36 55.41 55.Q3 54.83 53.30 56.08 52.16 54.65 56.10 TiO. 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.23 0.24 0.25 0.19 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.20 O.IS 0.21 0.33 0.19 0.37 0.20 0.08 AhOl 1.61 1.26 0.82 1.14 0.94 0.93 0.70 1.78 1.19 2.31 2.74 2.53 2.12 1.34 1.59 1.15 2.42 1.37 FeO 13.90 20.48 21.57 18.55 18.99 25.49 22.24 10.41 13.46 11.47 11.05 ILlS 12.52 19.26 10.64 19.07 10.87 7.98 MnO 0.28 0.39 0.48 0.28 0.43 0.51 0.55 0.35 0.20 0.24 0.20 0.18 0.19 0.34 0.19 0.29 0.20 0.16 MgO 26.86 22.70 21.93 23.71 23.65 18.86 20.40 28.06 27.48 29.33 29.51 29.24 28.45 23.01 30.10 22.97 29.33 30.24 CaO 1.25 1.30 1.52 1.74 1.61 1.43 1.58 1.50 1.61 1.75 1.77 1.70 1.78 1.97 1.69 1.90 1.58 1.79 Ns.O 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.03 K.O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,Ol 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.10 0.02 0.16 0.27 0.24 0.34 0.Q7 0.18 0.04 0.24 0.19 NiO 0.Q3 0.09 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.07 0.13 0.14 0.Q7 0.08 0.08 0.06 0.12 0.12 TOTAL 99.59 100.78 100.60 loo.Q7 100.42 100.24 99.42 98.55 100.23 100.86 101.32 100.46 100.50 99.74 100.77 98.01 99.65 98.06

Num ber of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 1.99 2.01 2.00 2.00 1.95 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.97 1.97 1.96 1.95 2.00 Ti 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 om . 0.01 0.00 AllY om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om om 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.00 vI Al 0.06 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.03 0.01 om 0.05 0.05 Fe 0.42 0.63 0.67 0.57 0.58 0.80 0.70 0.31 0.40 0.34 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.60 0.31 0.60 0.32 0.24 Mn om om 0.01 0.01 om 0.02 0.02 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 Mg 1.44 1.24 1.21 1.29 1.29 1.06 1.14 1.49 1.46 1.54 1.54 1.54 1.51 1.27 1.57 1.29 1.56 1.60 Ca 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.Q7 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.08 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.Q7 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 om TOTAL 3.97 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.98 3.96 3.95 3.98 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.01 3.99 4.01 4.00 4.01 3.98

Wo 2.5 2.7 3.1 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 4.0 3.3 3.9 3.1 3.6 En 75.6 64.6 62.4 67.0 66.7 55.2 60.0 80.2 75.9 79.2 79.8 79.6 77.4 65.3 80.7 65.6 80.2 84.0 Fs 21.9 32.7 34.5 29.4 30.0 41.8 36.7 16.7 20.9 17.4 16.8 17.0 19.1 30.7 16.0 30.5 16.7 12.4

Mg# 77.4 66.3 64.4 69.4 69.0 57.0 62.0 82.8 78.5 81.9 82.8 82.4 80.3 67.9 83.5 68.3 83.0 87.0 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1250R 1269C 1270R 1278C 1279R 0521C 0522R 0526C 0531C 0532R 05380 0555R 0556C 0557R 120lC 1202R 12110 12150 Sample TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 Crystal 5 6 6 7 7 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 6 7 7 8 9

Si02 56.60 52.59 54.95 52.17 55.78 52.05 52.15 51.68 53.97 54.08 52.81 54.28 53.82 54.11 56.39 56.11 54.45 53.67 Ti02 0.09 0.27 0.19 0.33 0.07 0.28 0.33 0.28 0.17 0.29 0.21 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.Q7 0.11 0.22 0.24 AI20 3 0.94 1.32 1.78 1.29 1.58 1.53 1.52 1.49 1.49 1.62 4.77 1.28 1.49 1.05 1.46 2.02 1.78 5.32 FcO 7.69 18.59 10.87 18.89 7.15 18.05 17.64 18.85 11.53 11.71 9.65 11.83 12.55 12.91 7.27 7.51 11.52 8.97 MnO 0.20 0.32 0.25 0.29 0.11 0.32 0.30 0.26 0.22 0.20 0.14 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.15 0.09 0.21 0.14 MgO 31.27 23.71 28.77 23.19 31.13 24.02 24.40 23.95 29.07 28.58 28.82 29.20 28.21 28.20 31.51 31.37 28.95 29.47 CaO 1.64 1.82 1.68 1.86 1.70 1.91 1.99 1.77 1.77 1.92 2.62 1.70 1.81 1.70 1.41 1.68 1.68 2.15 Na20 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.04 0.Q3 0.05 0.Q3 0.02 0.Q7 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.03 0.07 K 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 Cr203 0.30 0.Q3 0.07 0.08 0.56 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.13 0.00 0.04 0.24 0.13 0.Q7 0.54 0.54 0.36 0.09 NiO 0.04 0.00 0.Q2 0.04 0.16 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.Q7 0.10 0.14 0.12 0.09 0.15 TOTAL 98.81 98.70 98.62 98.15 98.29 98.35 98.47 98.42 98.49 98.48 99.24 99.07 98.51 98.49 98.97 99.57 99.30 100.29

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 2.00 1.96 1.97 1.96 1.98 1.95 1.94 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.88 1.96 1.95 1.97 1.99 1.97 1.95 1.88 Ti 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 1V AI 0.00 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.12 0.04 0.05 0.Q3 0.01 0.Q3 0.05 0.12 AI V1 0.04 0.Q2 0.05 0.02 0.05 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.05 0.05 0.Q3 0.10 Fe 0.23 0.58 0.33 0.59 0.21 0.56 0.55 0.59 0.35 0.35 0.29 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.21 0.22 0.35 0.26 Mn 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Mg 1.65 1.32 1.54 1.30 1.65 1.34 1.36 1.34 1.57 1.54 1.53 1.57 L53 1.53 1.66 1.64 1.55 1.54 Ca 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.10 0.Q7 0.07 0.Q7 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.01 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 4.01 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.00 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.00 4.01 4.01 4.00

Wo 3.2 3.7 3.3 3.8 3.4 3.9 4.0 3.6 3.4 3.8 5.2 3.3 3.6 3.3 2.8 3.3 3.3 4.3 En 85.1 66.9 79.8 66.0 85.6 67.6 68.3 66.9 79.0 78.2 79.8 78.8 77.2 76.9 86.1 85.3 79.1 81.8 Fs 11.7 29.4 16.9 30.2 11.0 28.5 27.7 29.5 17.6 18.0 15.0 17.9 19.2 19.8 11.1 11.4 17.6 13.9

Mg# 87.8 69.5 82.4 68.8 88.7 70.5 71.2 69.4 81.8 81.5 84.1 81.3 80.1 79.7 88.8 88.2 81.6 85.6 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1221C I 222R 1317C 1318R 1362C 1361R 13730 1374C 1375R 1378C 1379R 1380C 1381R 13900 1424C 1425R 1426C 1427R Sample TG280 TG280 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG288 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 Crystal 10 10 I 2 2 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 7 2 2

SiOl 54.68 55.49 51.81 52.39 51.57 52.27 51.60 51.37 54.27 51.91 54.74 51.84 52.45 52.07 52.40 51.88 51.56 50.84 TiOl 0.20 0.14 0.23 0.15 0.27 0.27 0.25 0.32 0.15 0.24 0.14 0.19 0.24 0.25 0.30 0.26 0.30 0.32 AI10 3 1.80 1.24 0.88 1.34 0.89 2.50 0.98 1.37 1.07 0.93 1.13 1.09 0.56 2.56 1.21 0.85 1.16 1.25 FeO 13.45 10.41 21.57 17.81 22.07 17.45 22.62 21.76 15.62 22.05 13.66 22.46 21.97 16.18 22.03 22.35 21.60 23.27 MnO 0.19 0.13 0.43 0.25 0.69 0.33 0.72 0.54 0.37 0.54 0.22 0.56 0.58 0.Q7 0.34 0.58 0.50 0.53 MgO 27.62 29.86 22.36 24.81 21.94 25.33 21.80 22.08 26.76 21.74 27.98 22.07 22.39 25.60 22.57 21.88 21.86 20.97 CaO 1.70 1.54 1.66 1.61 1.56 1.76 1.49 1.66 1.86 1.67 1.78 1.62 1.66 1.61 1.63 1.52 1.67 1.63 NalO 0.00 0.02 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr103 0.09 0.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.04 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.75 99.13 99.00 98.36 99.00 99.95 99.50 99.10 100.16 99.09 99.77 99.83 99.88 98.38 100.47 99.35 98.64 98.81

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.96 1.98 1.95 1.95 1.95 1.91 1.95 1.94 1.96 1.96 1.97 1.95 1.96 1.92 1.95 1.96 . 1.95 1.94 Ti 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 om 0.01 om 0.01 0.01 0.01 IV AI 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.04 0.Q3 0.05 0.Q2 0.08 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.06 v1 Al 0.04 0.Q3 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Fe 0.40 0.31 0.68 0.55 0.70 0.53 0.71 0.69 0.47 0.70 0.41 0.71 0.69 0.50 0.68 0.70 0.68 0.74 Mn om 0.00 om om 0.02 0.01 0.Q2 0.Q2 0.01 0.Q2 om 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Mg 1.48 1.59 1.26 1.38 1.24 1.38 1.23 1.24 1.44 1.22 1.50 1.24 1.25 1.41 1.25 1.23 1.23 1.19 Ca 0.Q7 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.Q7 0.06 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 3.99 4.00 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.03

Wo 3.4 3.0 3.4 3.2 3.2 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.6 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.3 En 75.9 81.1 62.7 69.0 61.9 69.6 61.3 62.2 72.6 61.6 75.8 61.6 62.4 71.4 62.5 61.6 62.1 59.6 Fs 20.7 15.9 33.9 27.8 34.9 26.9 35.7 34.4 23.8 35.0 20.7 35.2 34.3 25.3 34.2 35.3 34.5 37.1

Mg# 78.7 83.7 64.9 71.5 63.9 72.3 63.4 64.2 75.4 63.5 78.5 63.6 64.4 73.8 64.8 63.7 64.4 61.7 Table A9.4 Microprobe analyses of orthopyroxene in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1440C 1441R 1442C 1443R 1455C 1456R 1459M 1491C 1492R 1493C I 494R 150lC 1502R 1510C 1511R Sample TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG3&1 TG38l TG38 I TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 Crystal 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 I 2 2 3 3 4 4

Si02 51.58 51.24 52.63 51.97 55.16 51.94 51.64 54.45 53.56 55.07 53.51 54.72 54.15 52.31 52.90 TiO. 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.28 0.14 0.23 0.27 0.26 0.30 0.20 0.27 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.21

Al10J 1.82 1.09 1.25 1.08 1.93 2.60 1.40 1.32 1.78 0.85 0.93 0.66 0.94 0.98 0.88 FeO 20.76 22.63 20.30 22.28 11.34 16.79 22.20 18.68 20.34 17.61 20.59 19.76 18.8& 21.50 20.51 MnO 0.50 0.50 0.37 0.31 0.10 0.29 0.51 0.34 0.46 0.42 0.14 0.19 0.39 0.37 0.23 MgO 22.92 21.26 23.42 21.66 30.04 25.62 21.36 24.25 23.03 24.88 22.92 23.72 23.68 22.55 23.57 CaO 1.64 1.54 1.61 1.66 1.63 1.24 1.57 1.82 1.83 1.74 1.68 1.81 1.66 1.74 1.53 Na10 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr10J 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 99.45 98.49 99.&1 99.23 100.51 98.70 98.95 101.14 101.33 100.80 100.09 101.11 99.93 99.71 99.83

Number of cations on basis of 6 oxygens Si 1.93 1.95 1.95 1.96 1.95 1.92 1.95 1.97 1.95 1.99 1.98 1.99 1.99 1.96 1.96 Ti 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.01 AllY 0.07 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.0& 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.04 AIY1 0.01 0.00 om 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.00 Fe 0.65 0.72 0.63 0.70 0.33 0.52 0.70 0.57 0.62 0.53 0.64 0.60 0.58 0.67 0.64 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 om 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 om Mg 1.28 1.21 1.30 1.22 1.58 1.41 1.20 1.31 1.25 1.34 1.26 1.29 1.30 1.26 1.30 Ca 0.07 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.07 0.06 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.02 4.01 4.01 4.02 4.01 3.99 4.00 3.99 4.00 3.99 3.99 4.02 4.01

Wo 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.3 3.5 3.0 En 64.1 60.6 65.1 61.3 80.0 71.3 61.1 67.3 64.4 69.1 64.2 65.7 66.8 62.9 65.2 Fs 32.6 36.2 31.7 35.3 16.9 26.2 35.6 29.1 31.9 27.4 32.4 30.7 29.9 33.6 31.8

Mg# 66.3 62.7 67.4 63.5 82.7 73.1 63.2 69.7 66.& 71.7 66.3 68.3 69.1 65.3 67.0 Table A9.S Microprobe analyses of amphibole in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 0990C 0991R 0992C 0993R 0994C 0995R l006C l007R 100SC 1009R 1473C 1474C 14771 14781 1495C 15241 15251 1526C Sample TG136 TG136 TG136 TG136 TG\36 TG136 TG136 TG136 TG136 TG136 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG381 TG38 I TG381 Crystal I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 1 2 2 3 4 4 5

8i02 42.54 43.53 43.02 43.24 43.47 43.35 43.87 43.88 42.26 43.16 42.09 42.86 44.50 45.54 46.81 46.49 46.41 44.65 TiOl 1.44 1.04 1.34 1.32 1.07 1.39 1.26 1.38 1.28 1.38 2.02 1.90 1.80 1.75 1.57 1.56 1.45 1.76 AlzO, 11.66 11.60 11.32 11.75 10.73 10.59 10043 10.10 11.95 10.89 11.93 12.43 8.73 9.18 8.28 8.14 7.78 10.00 FeO 14.91 12.10 15.03 11.37 15.90 15.10 15.00 15.12 15.63 15.48 11.58 11.47 14.86 12.95 13.43 14.29 14.03 14.49 MnO 0.19 0.16 0.19 0.14 0.31 0.20 0.27 0.20 0.23 0.28 0.18 0.00 0.27 0.16 0.34 0.19 0.31 0.13 MgO 13.35 14.71 12.80 15.28 12.98 13.40 13.35 13.64 12.30 12.87 14.01 14.45 13.18 13.02 14.31 14.12 13.80 13.52 CaO 10.90 11.27 10.61 11.50 10.43 10.87 10.94 10.78 11.40 11.00 11.67 11.80 11.19 10.93 11.21 10.91 10.65 11.19 NalO 1.94 2.16 1.90 2.12 1.84 2.27 1.73 2.09 1.63 1.51 2.19 2.06 2.31 2.53 2.19 2.42 2.16 1.99 K10 0.26 0.29 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.19 0.28 0.25 0.32 0.31 0.46 0.82 0.34 0.30 0.30 0.35 CrzO, 0.04 0.15 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D7 0.00 0.12 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.00 H20 (cale) 2.07 2.08 2.06 2.09 2.07 2.07 2.07 2.08 2.05 2.06 2.04 2.08 2.04 2.03 2.09 2.09 2.06 2.08 TOTAL 99.34 99.11 98.52 99.06 99.05 99047 99.16 99.48 99.14 98.88 98.15 99041 99.37 98.91 100.57 100.51 98.97 100.16

Recalculated analyses Fc10, 13.13 10.34 12.05 lOAD 14.31 11.51 12.09 12.33 11.08 12.61 6.78 7.56 6.70 2.07 6.57 7.62 7.61 8.86 FeO 3.09 2.80 4.19 2.01 3.02 4.74 4.12 4.02 5.66 4.13 5.48 4.66 8.83 11.09 7.52 7.44 7.18 6.52 TOTAL 100.65 100.15 99.73 100.10 100.48 100.62 100.37 100.71 100.25 100.14 98.83 100.16 100.04 99.12 101.23 101.28 99.73 101.05

Normalized on basis of13 cations, excluding Ca, Na, K (after Leake, 1978) 8i 6.15 6.27 6.27 6.21 6.29 6.29 6.35 6.34 6.18 6.28 6.18 6.18 6.54 6.72 6.72 6.68 6.76 6.44 IV AI 1.85 1.73 1.73 1.79 1.71 1.71 1.65 1.66 1.82 1.72 1.82 1.82 1.46 1.28 1.28 1.32 1.24 1.56 T site 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 8.00 v1 Al 0.14 0.24 0.22 0.20 0.12 0.10 0.13 0.06 0.23 0.14 0.25 0.30 0.05 0.32 0.12 0.06 0.10 0.14 Fe'· 1.43 1.11 1.32 1.12 1.55 1.26 1.32 1.34 1.22 1.39 0.76 0.81 0.75 0.23 0.71 0.83 0.83 0.95 Ti 0.16 0.11 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.22 0.21 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.19 Cr 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Mg 2.88 3.16 2.78 3.27 2.80 2.90 2.88 2.94 2.68 2.79 3.07 3.11 2.89 2.87 3.06 3.03 3.00 2.91 Fe" 0.37 0.34 0.51 0.24 0.37 0.57 0.50 0.49 0.69 0.50 0.67 0.56 1.08 1.37 0.90 0.89 0.87 0.79 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.D3 0.02 0.03 0.Q3 om 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.Q2 MI,2,3 sites 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 5.00 Ca 1.69 1.74 1.66 1.77 1.62 1.69 1.70 1.67 1.78 1.71 1.84 1.82 1.76 1.73 1.72 1.68 1.66 1.73 Na 0.31 0.26 0.34 0.23 0.38 0.31 0.30 0.33 0.22 0.29 0.16 0.18 0.24 0.27 0.28 0.32 0.34 0.27 M4 site 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 Na 0.23 0.34 0.19 0.36 0.13 0.33 0.18 0.25 0.25 0.14 0.46 0.40 0.42 0.45 0.33 0.36 0.27 0.29 K 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.09 0.15 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 A site 0.28 0.39 0.24 0.41 0.18 0.37 0.22 0.29 0.30 0.19 0.52 0.46 0.51 0.60 0.39 0.42 0.33 0.35 TOTAL 15.28 15.39 15.24 15.41 15.18 15.37 15.22 15.29 15.30 15.19 15.52 15.46 15.51 15.60 15.39 15.42 15.33 15.35 #0 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 22.00 #OB 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00 2.00

Mg# 61.5 68.4 60.3 70.5 59.3 61.3 61.3 61.7 58.4 59.7 68.3 69.2 61.3 64.2 65.5 63.8 63.7 62.4 Table A9.5 Microprobe analyses of amphibole in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis l529C Sample TG381 Crystal 6

Si02 45.33 TiO. 1.94 AlzO, 9.97 FeO 14.63 MnO 0.14 MgO 12.95 CaO 10.55 NajO 2.71 K.O 0.54 CrIO, 0.00 NiO 0.00 H20 (calc) 2.08 TOTAL 100.84

Recalculated analyses Fe20, 6.50 FeO 8.78 TOTAL 101.49

Normalized on basis of 13 cations, excluding Ca, Na, K (after Leake, 1978) Si 6.53 Alrv 1.47 Tsite 8.00 Alv1 0.23 Fe'· 0.70 Ti 0.21 Cr 0.00 Mg 2.78 FeZ. l.06 Mn 0.02 Ml,2,3 sitel 5.00 Ca 1.63 Na 0.37 M4site 2.00 Na 0.39 K 0.10 A site 0.49 TOTAL 15.49 #0 22.00 ...... 2.00 .j::>. #OH N Mg# 61.2 Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 0083C 00S4R 00E8C oo90R 0095C 0097R OIOIC 0102R Oil ON 1034C 1035C 1036R 1067C 0773C 0774C 0775C 0776C 0779C Sample TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG020 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG051 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG074 Crystal 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 I 2 3 4 2 3 4 5

SI02 0.06 0.18 0.08 0.08 0.16 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.05 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.Q7 0.04 0.06 0.10 0.07 0.07 TiO, 9.65 9.49 9.77 9.58 9.41 9.40 9.20 10.42 4.65 13.Q7 13.47 10.63 10.74 15.01 14.84 11.84 12.16 9.16 AI20 J 3.89 4.25 3.72 3.21 3.83 3.90 3.83 3.39 3.39 2.20 2.20 2.86 2.22 1.39 1.67 2.29 2.52 1.69 FeO 76.57 75.67 76.09 77.00 75.76 76.51 76.62 74.93 77.41 82.76 81.89 83.72 77.68 73.41 75.09 75.00 71.36 75.05 MnO 0.28 0.32 0.37 0.34 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.26 0.61 0.28 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.14 0.23 0.24 0.21 0.30 MgO 2.83 2.84 2.72 2.78 2.77 2.79 2.46 2.27 5.03 1.14 1.35 1.42 0.82 0.51 0.85 1.28 1.68 1.00 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 O.OS 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.02 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr20J 0.14 0.14 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.09 0.21 O.IS 0.80 0.05 0.06 0.05 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.06 0.02 NiO 0.09 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.10 TOTAL 93.51 92.92 92.84 93.03 92.28 93.08 92.74 91.64 92.06 99.57 99.37 99.08 91.98 90.52 92.75 90.81 88.14 87.43

Recalculated analyses FezOJ 45.68 44.S7 45.14 46.43 45.19 45.82 45.83 42.94 56.46 44.35 43.37 48.33 43.31 34.39 36.19 40.33 37.65 43.96 FeO 35.46 35.29 35.47 35.22 35.10 35.28 35.38 36.30 26.61 42.85 42.87 40.23 38.71 42.47 42.53 38.71 37.48 35.50 TOTAL 97.86 97.25 97.27 97.68 96.76 97.58 97.13 95.76 96.86 104.01 103.71 103.92 96.32 93.97 96.38 94.83 91.82 91.69

Normalized on basis of 24 cations Si 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.05 0.03 0.03 0.03 om 0.Q2 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 Ti 2.16 2.13 2.21 2.16 2.14 2.11 2.08 2.40 1.04 2.82 2.91 2.29 2.51 3.60 3.46 2.79 2.94 2.25 AI 1.37 1.50 1.32 1.14 1.36 1.38 1.36 1.22 1.18 0.74 0.75 0.96 0.81 0.52 0.61 0.85 0.95 0.65 3 Fe + 10.24 10.09 10.20 10.49 10.27 10.31 10.37 9.87 12.53 9.57 9.37 10.40 10.12 8.25 8.44 9.51 9.11 10.81 Fe'+ 8.83 8.84 8.92 8.84 8.86 8.83 8.92 9.30 6.64 10.28 10.29 9.63 10.05 11.33 11.02 10.15 10.07 9.67 Mn 0.Q7 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.Q7 0.15 0.Q7 0.07 0.Q7 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 Mg 1.26 1.27 1.22 1.24 1.25 1.24 1.10 1.04 2.22 0.49 0.58 0.61 0.38 0.24 0.39 0.60 0.80 0.49 Ca 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.Q3 0.Q2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 om 0.Q2 om K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.03 0.Q3 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.04 0.19 0.01 0.01 om 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 Ni 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 om 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.Q3 TOTAL 24.00 23.99 24.00 24.00 24.00 23.99 23.99 23.99 23.99 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.00 24.02

Mt 72.73 72.63 72.10 72.66 72.68 73.15 73.59 69.60 86.86 64.54 63.28 71.11 68.37 54.84 56.54 64.73 62.96 71.59 Usp 27.27 27.37 27.90 27.34 27.32 26.85 26.41 30.40 13.14 35.46 36.72 28.89 31.63 45.16 43.46 35.27 37.04 28.41 Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1076C I077C 1079C 1089C 1I07C 1112C 11l3C 1116C 0664N 0669C 0670C OBIC 0132R 0133C 0135R 0136C 0137R 0286N Sample TGOgO TG080 TG080 TGOgO TG080 TGOSO TG080 TG080 TG098 TG09S TG098 TG126 TGl26 TGl26 TGI26 TG126 TGl26 TG134 Crystal 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 I 2 2 3 3

Si02 0.05 0.08 0.05 0.10 0.11 0.10 om om 0.06 om 0.54 0.04 0.09 0.52 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.10 TiOz 11.28 10.88 11.11 10.85 10.36 12.14 9.59 10.75 9.76 8.97 9.43 11.55 11.43 IL34 11.47 11.94 11.71 12.09 ArlO, 1.49 1.24 1.20 1.14 0.88 0.71 2.53 1.91 1.44 2.17 1.95 2.52 2.76 2.76 2.73 2.83 2.90 2.50 FeO 78.02 7S.92 78.82 78.77 SO.39 7S.14 78.63 79.57 80.66 80.91 78.10 76.95 77.12 75.43 76.73 70.40 76.28 78.06 MnO 0.47 0.51 0.54 0.50 0.49 0.36 0.39 0.36 0.38 0.39 0.34 0.31 0.27 0.33 0.33 0.30 0.29 0.31 MgO 0.90 0.89 0.60 0.66 0.49 0.43 1.52 0.77 1.01 0.84 0.75 2.35 2.05 2.48 1.83 2.52 2.39 1.17 CaO 0.Q2 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 om 0.04 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 KzO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzO, 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.17 0.10 0.16 0.16 0.11 0.18 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.10 NiO 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 1.00 0.05 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.04 TOTAL 92.22 92.56 92.31 92.04 92.76 91.94 92.78 93.48 93.48 93.46 91.34 93.90 93.87 93.14 93.27 88.17 93.81 94.39

Recalculated analyses FezO, 43.47 44.72 44.09 44.39 46.15 42.07 46.35 44.85 47.52 48.14 44.60 43.58 43.26 41.98 42.70 38.25 42.71 42.04 FeO 38.91 38.68 39.15 38.82 38.86 40.28 36.93 39.22 37.90 37.59 37.97 37.73 38.20 37.65 38.31 35.98 37.85 40.23 TOTAL 96.58 97.04 96.73 96.48 97.38 96.16 97.43 97.97 98.07 98.17 95.61 98.10 98.09 97.12 97.43 91.86 97.93 98.46

Normalized on basis of 24 cations Si 0.02 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.17 0.01 0.03 0.16 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.Q3 Ti 2.63 2.53 2.60 2.55 2.42 2.87 2.20 2.47 2.24 2.06 2.22 2.61 2.56 2.57 2.61 2.86 2.64 2.74 Al 0.54 0.45 0.44 0.42 0.32 0.26 0.91 0.69 0.52 0.78 0.72 0.89 0.97 0.98 0.98 1.06 1.02 0.89 Fe" 10.16 10.42 10.33 10.43 10.78 9.94 10.64 10.33 10.92 11.04 10.47 9.83 9.84 9.52 9.74 9.16 9.62 9.54 z Fe + 10.10 10.02 10.19 10.13 10.08 10.58 9.42 10.03 9.70 9.60 9.93 9.49 9.36 9.50 9.71 9.59 9.50 10.15 Mn 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 Mg 0.42 0.41 0.28 0.31 0.23 0.20 0.69 0.35 0.46 0.38 0.35 1.05 0.91 1.11 0.83 1.20 L07 0.53 Ca 0.01 0.00 0.01 om 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.02 Ni 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.24 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 TOTAL 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.00 24.02 23.99 23.99 24.00 23.98 24.00

Mt 66.88 68.01 67.29 67.77 69.35 63.76 72.21 68.80 71.72 74.01 70.19 67.25 67.36 65.87 67.07 64.09 66.80 65.32 Usp 33.12 31.99 32.71 32.23 30.65 36.24 27.79 31.20 28.28 25.99 29.81 32.75 32.64 34.13 32.93 35.91 33.20 34.68

t- Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0287N 0288C 0290R 0291C 0295C 0298C 0300N 0353C 0354C 0355C 0379C 0396C 1016C 1017C 1020C 1021C I023C 10240 Sample TG134 TG134 TG134 TGI34 TG134 TG134 TGl34 TG135 TG135 TG135 TGl35 TG135 TG136 TGl36 TG136 TGI36 TG136 TG136 Crystal 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6

Si01 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.07 0.04 0.D3 0.06 0.21 0.06 0.34 Ti01 10.53 10.47 10.71 9.07 9.23 10.42 9.88 10.08 10.30 9.86 10.99 10.71 5.19 5.58 5.48 6.93 4.58 9.36 AI20 J 1.90 2.25 2.35 2.20 2.20 2.27 2.45 2.04 1.95 2.03 2.63 2.67 1.70 0.62 1.26 0.60 2.09 2.20 FeO 79.37 79.15 79.93 79.00 79.49 77.53 77.49 80.55 79.46 79.95 77.81 77.36 89.64 88.77 89.45 88.20 89.61 80.92 MnO 0.31 0.29 0.27 0.30 0.34 0.34 0.35 0.25 0.27 0.34 0.21 0.29 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.36 0.35 0.39 MgO 1.71 1.85 1.26 1.28 1.49 1.08 1.36 0.96 1.50 \.l0 2.11 2.42 1.19 0.54 1.20 0.53 1.01 2.40 CaO 0.12 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.04 0.07 om 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.01 0.25 K10 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrlOJ 0.00 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.07 0.25 0.20 0.21 0.24 0.12 0.25 0.20 0.25 0.17 0.22 0.16, NiO 0.00 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.03 0.10 0.00 0.05 0.06 0.00 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.09 TOTAL 93.96 94.24 94.62 91.93 92.99 91.76 91.68 94.31 93.71 93.63 94.06 93.63 98.46 96.17 97.99 97.08 98.01 96.11

Recalculated analyses Fe10J 46.33 46.02 45.55 47.14 47.61 43.98 45.07 46.50 46.35 46.74 44.59 44.94 60.36 58.91 59.92 56.41 60.68 49.42 FeO 37.68 37.74 38.94 36.58 36.65 37.95 36.93 38.71 37.75 37.89 37.69 36.92 35.33 35.76 35.53 37.44 35.01 36.45 TOTAL 98.61 98.71 99.10 96.61 97.60 96.09 96.10 98.62 98.16 98.07 98.23 98.02 104.51 102.07 103.99 102.73 104.08 101.06

Normalized on basis of 24 cations Si 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.D2 om om 0.02 0.06 0.02 0.10 Ti 2.39 2.36 2.42 2.11 2.12 2.43 2.30 2.29 2.35 2.25 2.48 2.42 \.l3 1.25 1.20 1.54 1.00 2.06 AI 0.68 0.80 0.83 0.80 0.79 0.83 0.89 0.73 0.70 0.73 0.93 0.95 0.58 0.22 0.43 0.21 0.71 0.76 Fel • 10.53 lO.4l 10.30 10.95 10.92 10.26 10.49 10.58 10.56 10.69 10.06 10.15 13.09 13.21 13.09 12.55 13.21 10.88 Fe" 9.51 9.47 9.79 9.45 9.35 9.85 9.56 9.80 9.59 9.65 9.46 9.28 8.52 8.91 8.62 9.26 8.47 8.92 Mn 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.06 0.07 0.09 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.10 0.07 0.09 0.09 0.10 Mg 0.77 0.83 0.56 0.59 0.68 0.50 0.63 0.43 0.68 0.50 0.94 1.08 0.51 0.24 0.52 0.24 0.44 1.05 Ca 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om om 0.08 K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 0.06 0.05 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 Ni 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 om 0.02 0.00 om om 0.00 0.01 om 0.00 om 0.02 0.02 TOTAl. 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.02 23.99 24.01 24.00 24.01 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00

Mt 70.00 70.08 69.66 73.52 73.34 69.45 71.25 71.00 70.64 71.64 68.99 69.50 85.78 84.25 84.83 79.95 87.23 72.98 Usp 30.00 29.92 30.34 26.48 26.66 30.55 28.75 29.00 29.36 28.36 31.01 30.50 14.22 15.75 15.17 20.05 12.68 27.02 Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0847C 0848N 0849N 0850N 0583C 0584C 0585C 0612C 0614C OISIC 0214C 0236C 0237C 0415C 0433C 0486C 0487C 0488C Sample TGl56 TG156 TG156 TGI56 TGI61 TG161 TGI61 TGI61 TG161 TGI63 TGI63 TGl63 TGI63 TGI92 TG192 TGl96 TG196 TGI96 Crystal 2 3 4 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3

SiOz 0.06 0.06 0.Q7 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.10 0.08 0.11 0.09 0.09 0.07 0.12 0.03 0.10 0.05 0.05 0.08 TiOz 18.41 18,42 1L57 10.34 10.97 11.68 12.05 12.08 13.30 12.68 13.23 11.56 14.38 12.74 11.97 13.46 13.52 15.00 A1z0 3 0.93 1.37 2.82 3.63 2.76 3.23 2.72 2.98 2.91 3.71 3.23 4.32 3.38 2.60 2.57 2.42 2.44 2.24 FeO 7Ll4 71.55 76.77 75.15 75.94 73.94 73.12 75.29 72.S1 75.77 75.29 73.72 74.13 75.90 75.29 74.83 73.34 74.90 MnO 0.39 0.39 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.23 0040 0.31 0.28 0.27 0.32 0.31 0.37 0.24 0.30 0.33 0.36 0.39 MgO 0.92 0.93 1.00 2.53 2.43 2.43 2.94 1.68 1.46 1.72 1.76 1.92 1.80 1.87 1.73 1.88 1.41 1.38 CaO 0.06 0.Q7 0.00 0.06 0.G3 0.02 0.02 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.06 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 KzO 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzOJ 0.24 0,48 0.52 0.82 0.18 0.35 0.26 0.26 0.27 0.24 0.38 0.30 0.35 0.17 0.22 0.25 0.25 0.21 NiO 0.00 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 TOTAL 92.18 93.33 92.96 92.91 92.68 91.98 91.62 92.80 91.14 94.47 94.31 92.31 94.52 93.62 92.18 93.23 91.41 94.23

Recalculated analyses FezO) 29.15 29.23 41.35 43.48 43.52 40.79 40.72 40.52 36.65 39.62 38.88 39.66 36.44 40.52 40.82 38.90 37.09 36.33 FeO 44.91 45.25 39.56 36.03 36.78 37.24 36.48 38.S3 39.S3 40.12 40.30 38.03 41.34 39.44 38.56 39.82. 39.96 42.21 TOTAL 94.83 95.72 96.59 96.44 96.86 95.70 95.43 96.56 94.54 98.21 97.83 95.93 97.83 97.46 96.05 96.89 94.84 97.65

Normalized on basis of 24 cations Si 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.G3 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.04 om 0.Q3 0.02 0.02 0.02 Ti 4.35 4.29 2.66 2.34 2.50 2.68 2.77 2.77 3.12 2.85 2.98 2.64 3.24 2.90 2.77 3.08 3.17 3.42 AI 0.34 0.50 1.02 1.29 0.99 1.16 0.98 1.07 1.07 1.31 1.14 1.55 1.19 0.93 0.93 0.87 0.90 0.80 J Fe • 6.87 6.77 9.49 9.79 9.92 9.34 9.35 9.28 8.57 8.89 8.75 9.05 8.18 9.22 9.42 8.88 8.68 8.27 FeZ. 11.81 11.74 10.17 9.14 9.34 9.53 9.35 9.92 10.40 10.04 10.14 9.68 10.38 9.98 9.93 10.15 10.43 10.71 Mn 0.10 0.10 0.06 0.Q7 0.Q7 0.06 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.06 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 Mg 0.43 0.43 0.46 1.14 1.10 1.11 1.34 0.76 0.68 0.77 0.79 0.87 0.80 0.84 0.79 0.85 0.65 0.62 Ca 0.Q2 0.02 0.00 0.Q2 om 0.01 om 0.Q3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 om 0.00 0.01 0.00 om K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.06 0.12 0.13 0.20 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.05 Ni 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 TOTAL 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.01 23.99 23.99 23.99 23.99 24.01 24.02 24.01 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.01 24.00

Mt 45.43 46.16 66.42 7Q.43 68.42 66.17 64.96 65.06 60.63 64.05 62.35 66.69 59.08 63.63 65.03 61.32 60.20 56.97 Usp 54.57 53.84 33.58 29.57 31.58 33.83 35.04 34.94 39.37 35.95 37.65 33.31 40.92 36.37 34.97 38.68 39.80 43.03 Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0489C 0490C 0495C 0499C 0501R 0503C 0505C 1151C 1180C lISIC 1186N 1187C 1190C 1192C 1194C 1298C 1400C 140lC Sample TGI96 TGI96 TG196 TG196 TG196 TGI96 TG196 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG279 TG288 TG288 Crystal 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2

S102 0.09 0.06 0.10 0.03 0.10 0.06 0.05 0.04 0.08 0.09 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.25 O.OS 0.09 TiO, 13.65 13.54 13.52 15.93 19.06 13.93 12.95 11.42 8.98 20.91 10.16 12.51 9.33 8.62 9.41 15.72 10.31 16.17 AI,0 3 2A6 2.35 2A2 2.26 1.50 2.24 2.29 1.48 1.80 0.87 2.72 1.69 1.32 1.43 1.43 7.47 2.75 1.41 FeO 75.06 75.42 75.54 72.15 71.54 76.12 76.88 77.56 80.62 68.60 77.08 76.96 80.82 81.69 80.06 67.58 84.54 79.52 MnO 0.30 0.32 0.27 0.32 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.45 0.32 0.38 0.22 0.33 0.30 0.28 OAO 0.44 0.34 0.40 MgO 1.67 1.49 1.83 1.79 1048 1.36 1.19 lA8 1.19 2.12 2.30 1.29 1.05 1.14 1.18 2.23 1.80 0.98 CaO 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.09 0.10 0.04 0,03 0.03 0.04 0.10 0.00 om K 20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 Cr,03 0.26 0.17 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.29 0.57 0.22 0.13 0.71 0.98 0.04 0.03 0.64 0.14 0.07 0.00 NiO 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 om 0.16 0.00 0,03 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 TOTAL 93.55 93.36 93.87 92.70 94.34 94.35 94.03 93.03 93.27 93.23 93.42 94.02 92.94 93.32 93.22 93.93 99.92 98.66

Recalculated analyses Fe203 38A3 38.71 39.13 33.62 28.94 38.67 40.27 43.52 48A9 25.49 45.16 41.35 48.27 49.96 47.59 28.11 49.93 38.20 FeO 40.48 40.59 40.33 41.90 45.50 41.33 40.64 38.40 36.99 45.66 36.45 39.75 37.38 36.74 37.24 42.29 39.61 45.14 TOTAL 97.10 97.06 97.60 95.87 97.02 97.99 97.77 97.39 98.13 95.78 91-95 97.02 97.77 98.32 97.98 96.75 104.92 102.48

Normalized on basis of24 cations Si 0.03 0.Q2 0.03 0.01 0.03 0.02 0.Q2 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.07 0.02 0.03 Ti 3.12 3.10 3.07 3.68 4.37 3.17 2.95 2.63 2.06 4.84 2.30 2.89 2.16 1.98 2.17 3.49 2.19 3.55 AI 0.88 0.84 0.86 0.82 0.54 0.80 0.82 0.53 0.65 0.32 0.97 0.61 0.48 0.51 0.51 2.60 0.92 OA9 Fe" 8.77 8.87 8.88 7.76 6.62 8.78 9.17 10.04 11.13 5.91 10.23 9.57 11.16 11.48 10.96 6.24 10.63 S.38 Fe'+ 10.30 10.36 10.21 10.78 11.61 10.47 10.33 9.84 9A4 11.76 9.18 10.22 9.61 9.39 9.53 10.44 9.37 11.01 Mn 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.12 0.08 0.10 0.06 0.09 0.08 0.07 0.10 0.11 0.08 0.10 Mg 0.76 0.68 0.82 0.82 0.67 0.61 0.54 0.68 0.54 0.97 1.03 0.59 OA8 0.52 0.54 0.98 0.76 0.43 Ca 0.Q1 0.00 0.00 0.Q1 0.00 0.01 0.Q1 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.00 0.02 K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Cr 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 om 0.14 0.05 0,03 0.17 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.03 0.02 0.00 Ni 0.Q1 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 TOTAL 24.02 23.99 23.99 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.01 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00

Mt 60.67 60.95 61.20 53.88 45.02 60.18 62.87 66.94 73.93 39.08 71.02 63.97 72.81 75.00 72.69 55.45 72.28 55.33 Usp 39.33 39.05 38.80 46.12 54.98 39.82 37.13 33.06 26.07 60.92 28.98 36.03 27.19 25.00 27.31 44.55 27.72 44.67 Table A9.6 Microprobe analyses of magnetite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1402C 1403C 1404C 1418N 1423N 1444N 1464C 1471M 1472M 1481N 1528N Sample TG288 TG288 TG288 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG381 TG381 Crystal 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 2

SiOz 0.03 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.08 0.12 0.09 0.05 0.05 TiOz 10.45 10.33 10.20 10.61 10.36 10.85 10.81 10.81 10.40 0.95 0.30 AlzO, 2.59 2.61 2.85 2.54 2.34 2.23 2.55 2.64 2.52 1.26 2.98 FeO 84.75 85.41 83.91 84.50 84.75 76.71 78.54 79.57 78.53 88.75 86.22 MnO 0.30 0.15 0.42 0.38 0.31 0.39 0.38 0.33 0.25 0.33 1.37 MgO 1.39 1.18 2.04 1.60 2.07 1.60 1.86 1.34 1.48 1.66 5.28 CaO 0.00 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.05 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrzO, 0.07 0.00 0.05 0.07 0.06 0.08 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.13 0.08 NiO 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.05 0.10 TOTAL 99.58 99.82 99.53 99.81 99.97 92.00 94.29 94.91 93.40 93.18 96.43

Recalculated analyses Fe,O, 49.49 49.71 50.00 49.38 50.55 43.47 45.07 45.03 45.02 66.16 69.92 FeO 40.21 40.68 38.92 40.07 39.26 37.60 37.99 39.04 38.02 29.21 23.30 TOTAL 104.54 104.80 104.54 104.75 105.03 96.36 98.81 99.42 97.91 99.80 103.43

Normalized on basis 004 cations Si 0.01 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.03 0.02 0.01 Ti 2.24 2.21 2.17 2.27 2.20 2.52 2.44 2.43 2.37 0.22 0.06 AI 0.87 0.88 0.95 0.85 0.78 0.81 0.90 0.93 0.90 0.45 0.99 Fe" 10.62 10.65 10.66 10.55 10.75 10.08 10.17 10.13 10.28 15.06 14.84 FeZ. 9.59 9.69 9.22 9.52 9.28 9.69 9.52 9.76 9.65 7.39 5.49 Mn 0.07 0.04 0.10 0.09 0.08 0.10 0.10 0.08 0.07 0.09 0.33 Mg 0.59 0.50 0.86 0.68 0.87 0.74 0.83 0.60 0.67 0.75 2.22 Ca 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.02 K 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.02 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 Ni 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.02 TOTAL 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00

Mt 71.89 72.02 72.65 71.38 72.18 68.20 69.23 69.16 69.97 97.11 99.03 Usp 28.11 27.98 27.35 28.62 27.82 31.80 30.77 30.84 30.03 2.89 0.97

>-' oj::. 00 Table A9.7 Microprobe analyses of ilmenite in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis 1068N 0777C 0778C 0780C 1l05C 1l06C 1l08C 1I09C IIIOC 1!lIC 1114C 1115C 0729N 0285N 0289R 0292R 0293C 0294N Sample TG051 TG074 TG074 TG074 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TG080 TGll5 TGl34 TG134 TGl34 TG134 TGl34 Crystal 1 2 3 I 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 I 2 3 4 5

SI02 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.24 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.Q3 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.05 0.00 Ti01 37.45 45.56 46.94 45.41 43.73 42.59 44.05 44.11 44.24 44.44 41.25 39.99 39.37 43.99 42.21 41.22 40.56 40.77 Alz0 3 0.08 0.20 0.13 0.14 0.06 0.09 0.09 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.14 0.[8 0.39 0.49 0.21 0.24 0.32 0.27 FeO 53.94 46.30 44.40 44.25 49.35 49.02 48.67 48.38 49.09 49.23 SL6[ 52.75 50.86 44.33 50.29 49.94 48.80 50.37 MnO 0.35 0.25 0.50 0.25 0.49 0.69 0.64 0.56 0.45 0.75 0.63 0.34 0.32 0.31 0.22 0.39 0.33 0.34 MgO 0.71 1.94 1.81 2.03 0.98 0.95 1.19 1.09 1.13 1.13 1.03 1.54 1.94 6.6[ 2.62 2.50 2.90 2.80 CaO 0.25 0.02 0.05 0.Q3 0.03 0.11 0.07 0.15 0.Q3 0.00 0.03 0.00 1.44 0.D3 0.02 0.02 0.81 0.02 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrZ03 0.00 0.00 0.Q4 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 om 0.03 0.Q3 0.68 0.00 0.00 0.Q2 0.Q2 NIO 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.07 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.16 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 92.86 94.33 93.86 92.22 94.70 93.70 94.71 94.37 95.06 95.63 94.68 94.82 94.42 96.63 95.60 94.29 93.79 94.59

Recalculated analyses FeZ03 24.58 10.12 6.63 8.21 13.71 14.41 13.25 [2.63 13.13 13.37 [8.78 22.06 23.64 18.74 19.15 19.53 20.98 21.25 FeO 31.83 37.19 38.43 36.86 37.01 36.06 36.75 37.01 37.28 37.20 34.7 [ 32.89 29.59 27.47 33.06 32.37 29.92 31.25 TOTAL 95.32 95.34 94.53 93.04 96.07 95.14 96.04 95.63 96.38 96.97 96.56 97.03 96.79 98.51 97.52 96.25 95.89 96.72

Normalized on basis of 4 cations Si 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti 1.50 1.79 1.86 1.83 1.72 1.70 1.74 1.75 1.74 1.74 1.62 1.56 1.54 1.64 1.62 1.60 1.58 1.58 AI 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.Q2 0.02 0.02 0.02 3 Fe • 0.99 0.40 0.26 0.33 0.54 0.57 0.52 0.50 0.52 0.52 0.74 0.86 0.92 0.70 0.74 0.76 0.82 0.82 FeZ. 1.42 1.63 1.70 1.65 1.62 1.60 1.61 1.63 1.63 1.62 1.52 1.43 1.28 1.14 1.42 1.40 1.30 1.34 Mn 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.02 0.Q3 0.Q3 0.Q3 0.02 0.Q3 om 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.Q2 0.02 0.Q2 Mg 0.06 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.08 0.[2 0.[4 0.48 0.20 0.20 0.22 0.22 Ca 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.98 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 3.98 4.001 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

11m 75.24 89.77 93.16 91.56 86.40 85.50 86.81 87.41 86.93 86.78 81.15 78.12 76.63 81.33 81.24 80.40 79.13 79.03 Hem 24.76 10.23 6.84 8.44 13.60 14.50 13.19 12.59 13.07 13.22 18.85 21.88 23.37 18.67 18.76 19.60 20.87 20.97

24.66 10.32 6.80 8.37 13.77 14.50 13.34 12.68 13.25 13.47 18.94 22.27 24.06 19.91 19.36 19.77 21.32 21.54

..... t Table A9.7 Microprobe analyses of ilmenite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 0296C 0297C 0299C 0369C 0424C 0491C 0492C 0493C 0494C 0496C 0497C 0498R 0500R 0502C 0504C 1182C 1183C 1184C Sample TGJ34 TG134 TGJ34 TG135 TGI92 TGI96 TG196 TGl96 TG196 TG196 TG196 TGI96 TGI96 TGl96 TGI96 TG240 TG240 TG240 Crystal 6 7 8 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3

SiOz 0.00 o.oz 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.04 TiOz 41.06 39.68 42.74 41.67 43.68 45.58 45.65 44.33 44.25 44.86 42.81 46.94 45.56 44.40 45.16 43.05 41.69 42.63 AllO, 0.28 0.27 0.20 0.14 0.24 0.27 0.25 0.32 0.25 0.32 0.27 0.21 0.19 0.29 0.28 0.19 0.14 0.17 FeO 49.88 51.05 48.82 51.30 48.26 48.85 48.33 49.84 49.90 49.16 49.82 46.53 46.48 48.69 48.93 51.00 51.73 49.81 MnO 0.25 0.30 0.43 0.40 0.35 0.39 0.39 0.28 0.34 0.37 0.29 0.42 0.41 0.32 0.41 0.40 0.35 0.42 MgO 2.92 2.25 2.53 1.91 2.03 2.19 2.39 2.20 1.95 2.41 2.43 2.73 2.02 2.37 2.63 2.15 1.72 2.26 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.07 0.00 O.oz 0.00 om 0.00 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.06 om 0.11 0.00 om 0.18 0.05 KlO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 o.oz 0.00 0.00 om 0.02 0.02 CrzO, 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.06 0.00 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.04 0.00 0.00 NiO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 94.39 93.60 94.79 95.41 94.59 97.28 97.04 97.01 96.79 97.13 95.71 96.92 94.77 96.20 97.40 96.87 95.90 95.40

Recalculated analyses FelO, 20.53 21.78 17.05 19.52 14.30 13.57 13.16 15.68 15.69 15.23 17.59 10.55 10.63 15.09 14.78 18.48 19.88 17.77 FeO 31.41 31.45 33.48 33.74 35.39 36.64 36.48 35.73 35.78 35.45 33.99 37.03 36.91 35.11 35.63 34.37 33.84 33.81 TOTAL 96.45 95.78 96.50 97.37 96.02 98.64 98.35 98.58 98.36 98.65 97.47 98.24 95.83 97.71 98.88 98.72 97.89 97.18

Normalized on basis of 4 cations Si 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti 1.60 1.56 1.66 1.62 1.72 1.74 1.74 1.68 1.70 1.70 1.66 1.78 1.78 1.70 1.70 1.64 1.61 1.65 AI O.oz O.oz 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 O.oz 0.02 o.oz O.oz 0.02 0.02 0.02 om om 0.01 Fe" 0.80 0.86 0.66 0.76 0.56 0.52 0.50 0.60 0.60 0.58 0.68 0.40 0.42 0.58 0.56 0.71 0.77 0.69 FeZ< 1.36 1.38 1.44 1.46 1.54 1.56 1.54 1.52 1.52 l.50 1.46 1.56 1.62 1.50 1.50 1.46 1.45 1.45 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 O.oz om 0.02 O.oz 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Mg 0.22 0.18 0.20 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.20 0.16 0.18 0.20 0.16 0.13 0.17 Ca 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.02 4.02 4.00 4.00 4.02 4.02 3.98 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.02 3.98 4.02 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

11m 79.71 78.08 83.05 80.79 85.52 86.74 86.96 8455 84.70 85.25 82.44 89.46 89.40 85.20 85.47 82.15 80.67 82.60 Hem 20.29 21.92 16.95 19.21 14.48 13.26 13.04 15.45 15.30 14.75 17.56 10.54 10.60 14.80 14.53 17.85 19.33 17.40

20.81 22.07 17.25 19.66 1454 13.84 13.41 16.00 16.00 15.55 17.95 10.76 10.82 15.40 15.06 18.71 20.02 17.94

U'1 o- Table A9.7 Microprobe analyses of ilmenite in Tongariro lavas (continued).

Analysis 1188C 1189C 1191C 1193C 1195C 1296C 1297C 1465M 1466M 1467N 1468N 1469N 1470N Sample TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG240 TG279 TG279 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 TG289 Crystal 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6

Si~: 0.00 0.Q7 0.04 0.04 0.09 0.03 0.04 0.00 0.05 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.00 TiO: 44.29 43.99 44.36 45.41 44.65 43.05 45.59 45.37 45.69 46.23 45.05 43.16 45.17 AI:03 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.14 0.06 0.99 0.42 0.21 0.23 0.25 0.18 0.20 0.18 FeO 49.36 48.59 48.81 44.77 47.10 48.53 46.30 48.65 47.64 47.48 48.64 49.78 49.13 MnO 0.39 0.54 0.42 0.47 0.41 0.54 0.58 0.51 0.49 0.40 0.51 0.35 0.43 MgO 2.77 2.66 2.42 2.78 2.09 2.63 2.34 2.10 2.25 2.24 2.03 1.70 1.91 CaO 0.02 0.06 0.01 0.06 0.14 0.08 0.10 0.03 0.05 0.04 0.Q7 0.02 0.Q7 K,O 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.03 0.00 om 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 om Cr,03 0.05 0.10 0.10 0.28 0.02 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.13 0.10 0.00 0.10 NiO 0.02 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 97.03 96.17 96.27 93.99 94.59 95.86 95.41 96.92 96.43 96.81 96.63 95.24 97.02

Recalculated analyses Fe,03 16.60 16.10 15.13 10.52 12.51 16.81 11.31 13.57 12.35 11.46 13.65 15.91 13.86 FeO 34.42 34.11 35.20 35.31 35.84 33.40 36.12 36.44 36.53 37.16 36.36 35.47 36.65 TOTAL 98.69 97.79 97.79 95.04 95.85 97.54 96.54 98.28 97.67 97.96 98.00 96.84 98.41

Normalized on basis of 4 cations Si 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Ti 1.68 1.68 1.70 1.78 1.75 1.65 1.77 1.73 1.75 1.77 1.73 1.68 1.73 Al 0.01 0.00 om om 0.00 0.06 0.03 om om 0.02 0.01 om 0.01 3 Fe + 0.63 0.62 0.58 0.41 0.49 0.64 0.44 0.52 0.47 0.44 0.52 0.62 0.53 Fe'+ 1.45 1.46 1.50 1.54 1.56 1.42 1.56 1.55 1.56 1.58 1.55 1.54 1.56 Mn 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 Mg 0.21 0.20 0.18 0.22 0.16 0.20 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.13 0.15 Ca 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 om om 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.00 3.98 4.00 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00

11m 84.08 84.49 85.21 89.25 87.74 82.44 88.43 86.76 87.84 88.53 86.53 84.18 86.41 Hem 15.92 15.51 14.79 10.75 12.26 17.56 11.57 13.24 12.16 11.47 13.47 15.82 13.59

16.76 16.31 15.34 10.94 12.59 17.80 11.75 13.80 12.60 11.84 13.93 16.11 14.14

...... VI Table A9.8 Microprobe analyses of chrome spinel in Tongariro lavas.

Analysis I1S0N 0868C 1287N 1288N 1289N 1291N 0533N 0534N 0535N 12250 1234N 1239C 1407N 1410N 1411N Sample TG240 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG279 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG280 TG289 TG289 TG289 Crystal 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 2 3

Si01 0.00 0.00 0.D3 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.00 0.00 Ti01 0.22 0.96 0.35 0.36 0.31 0.33 0.29 0.26 0.25 0.22 0.30 0.28 0.37 0.34 0.40 AI10) 4.48 16.88 11.13 12.38 11040 11048 10.43 10.34 10.17 7.70 10.53 9.47 11.48 11.14 ILlI FeO 35.28 22.05 22.54 19.30 18.59 18.04 17.81 22.90 23.76 26.31 17.72 31.42 26.66 28.11 29.31 MnO 0.24 0.12 0.19 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.19 0.23 0.16 0.13 0.06 0.20 0.31 0.30 0.31 MgO 5.26 12.25 9.54 11.21 liAS 11.76 12.58 9.31 9.28 7.42 12.52 4.55 9.83 7.72 8.16 CaO 0.00 0.14 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.00 om 0.01 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrZ03 50.61 42.58 51.13 53.12 53.55 53.93 55.79 52.93 53.85 52.33 56.19 49.57 49.07 48041 47.05 NiO 0.10 0.27 0.15 0.15 0.09 0.07 0.12 0.17 0.11 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.10 0.07 0.03 TOTAL 96.19 95.25 95.08 96.64 95.51 95.70 97.21 96.15 97.58 94.29 97.46 95.65 97.85 96.11 96.39

Recalculated analyses

FC103 12.98 7.93 5.34 3.75 3.94 3.69 4.67 5.27 5.56 6.88 4.23 6.89 9.31 8.09 9.95 FeO 23.60 14.92 17.73 15.93 15.05 14.72 13.61 18.15 18.76 20.12 13.91 25.22 18.28 20.83 20.35 TOTAL 97.49 96.04 95.62 97.02 95.90 96.07 97.68 96.67 98.14 94.97 97.87 96.35 98.78 96.92 97.38

Normalized on basis of 24 cations Si 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 Ti 0.05 0.19 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.07 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.07 0.08 AI 1.53 5.22 3.61 3.89 3.63 3.64 3.26 3_34 3.24 2.59 3.28 3.19 3.61 3.62 3.59 FeJ+ 2.82 1.57 1.I1 0.75 0.80 0.75 0.93 1.09 1.13 1048 0.84 1.48 1.87 1.68 2.05 1 Fe1+ 5.70 3.27 4.08 3.56 3040 3.311 3.02 4.16 4.25 4.81 3.08 6.03 4.08 4.80 4.66 Mn 0.06 0.D3 0.04 0.Q3 0.03 0.02- 0.04 0_05 0.04 0.Q3 0.01 0.05 0.07 0.07 0.07 Mg 2.27 4.79 3.91 4.46 4.61 4.72 4.97 3.80 3.74 3.16 4.94 1.94 3.91 3.18 3.34 Ca 0.00 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 11.56 8.83 11.I2 11.21 11.44 11.48 11.69 11.47 11.52 11.83 11.75 11.21 10.36 10.56 10.20 Ni 0.02 0.06 0.Q3 0.03 0.02 0.Q2 0.Q3 0.04 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.Q3 0.02 0.D2 0_01 TOTAL 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00 24.00

Mg# 21.0 49.8 43.0 50.9 52.3 53.7 55.7 42.0 41.0 33.5 55.7 20.5 39.7 32.9_ 33.2 lOOCr/(Cr+AI) 88.3 62.8 75.5 74.2 75.9 75.9 78.2 7704 78.0 82.0 78.2 77.8 74.1 74.5 74.0 Whole .... Rock Major and Trace Element Chemical Analyses 153

APPENDIX 10 WHOLE-ROCK MAJOR AND TRACE ELEMENT CHEMICAL ANALYSES

Whole-rock compositions (10 major elements, 16 trace elements) have been determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) at Canterbury University for 370 Tongariro lava and pyroclastic samples. Samples from all volcano-stratigraphic units have been analysed, with the breakdown in number of samples per unit as follows: Ngauruhoe (99), South Crater (1), Red Crater (19), Tama Lakes (4), Te Marl Craters (10), Young SW Oturere (3), Young Pukekaikiore (2), North Crater (24), Blue Lake (11), Pukeonake (2), Young NE Oturere (3), Tongarlro Trig (36), SW Oturere (51), Pukekaikiore (10), Tama 2 (47), NE Oturere (45), Tama 1 (3). The table of data is arranged by volcano-stratigraphic unit in the above order. If applicable, lava group (e.g. Ngauruhoe 1A-3B) is also specified for each sample.

Analytical procedures and data quality assessments are contained in Appendix 8, Sections A8.3.1-3. Note that data presented in this appendix comprise an internally consistent set of analyses, useful for general plotting and classification purposes (Chapter 6). However, more precise data are available (for a subset of samples; Appendix 13) obtained using INAA and Royal Holloway (RHBNC) XRF which give increased precision for Zn, La, Ce, Nd, Y, Nb, Pb, and Th in particular (Appendix 8, Section A8.5). This higher precision data set is used in Chapter 7.

Data are presented in hydrous form, but note that they are recalculated to an anhydrous basis before plotting. Total iron (Fe20 3*) is given as Fe20 3• Mg# is calculated

2 2 as 100Mg/(Mg+Fe +), total iron as Fe + assuming Fe20/FeO = 0.3. FeO*lMgO is calculated Appendix 10 Whole-rock major and trace element chemical analyses 154

also assuming Fe20/FeO = 0.3. Selected trace element ratios of interest are given at the bottom of the table. Some samples have certain elements with very low concentrations quoted at their detection limits (e.g. La, Nd, Nb, Th), whose values may actually be below detection limit values. The PetMin computer programme was used to manage and plot XRF data (see Appendix 9 for explanation). VoIc-strat unit Ngauruboe Sample --~T~G~00~1~~T~G~0~0~2--~T~G~0~03~-T=G~00~4--~T=G=0=0=5--~T~G=00=7~~T=G=0=0=8--~T~G=0=09~-T=G=0~1~0--~T=G=0=1=1--~T~G~0~12~~T~G=0=1=3---T~G=0-14=---TG--01-5---T~G=0=1=6--~T=G=0~17~-T=G=0=1=8--~T=G=0=19~==T~G=02=0~=T=G~0=2=1--~T~G=0=22~=T=G=0=2=-3 Lava group 3B IB IB 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B IB 3B IB IB IB IA IB IB 3B IB 3B 3B 3B

SiO, 55.44 55.40 55.92 55.06 55.95 55.59 57.52 56.50 56.93 55.25 56.31 55040 55.75 55.29 54.67 55.30 55.89 56.51 55.55 56.81 56.29 55.91 TiO, 0.77 1.01 0.87 0.78 0.69 0.66 0.86 0.85 0.72 0.80 0.83 0.83 0.94 0.83 0.95 0.87 0.85 0.77 0.84 0.73 0.76 0.77 AI,OJ 16.48 18.22 17.57 16.44 17.17 16.40 17.33 17.55 17.09 18.07 16.75 17.89 18.02 18.36 17.68 18.13 18.05 16.97 17.98 17.37 16.91 17.04 Fe,OJ* 9.12 8.73 9.33 9.17 8.29 9.03 8.49 8.72 8.49 9.45 9.14 9.29 9.50 9.41 9.39 9.50 9.44 8.42 9.48 8.88 8.38 8.89 MnO 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 MgO 5.52 3.56 4.04 5.57 5.15 5.46 4.20 4.34 4.11 3.82 4.85 3.84 3.69 3.83 4.70 3.89 3.90 4.60 3.77 4.42 4.72 5.25 CaO 8.60 7.79 8.18 8.62 7.24 8.23 7.42 7.96 7.27 8.26 7.84 8041 8.31 8.64 8.09 8.51 8.29 7.72 8.29 8.02 7.82 8.26 Na,O 2.83 3.51 3.07 2.75 2.95 2.82 3.11 3.09 3.03 3.17 3.12 3.14 3.18 3.14 3.28 3.11 3.22 2.88 3.25 3.05 2.96 2.85 K,O 1.12 1.21 1.01 1.10 1.15 1.08 1.30 1.13 1.33 0.98 1.09 0.95 0.95 0.92 1.07 0.94 0.98 1.25 0.98 1.14 1.19 1.10 P,Os 0.16 0.22 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 LOI -0.11 -0.17 -0.79 -0.59 1.27 -0.28 -0.64 -0.63 -0.41 -0.53 -1.30 -0.37 -0.44 -1.56 -0.85 -1.52 -0.63 -0.20 -0.42 -0.82 0.11 -0.05 TOTAL 100.09 99.62 99.50 99.21 100.15 99.29 99.87 99.80 98.86 99.59 98.93 99.69 100.20 99.17 99.33 99.03 100.29 99.21 100.02 99.90 99043 100.30

Mg# 54.5 44.7 46.2 54.6 55.2 54.5 49.5 49.6 49.0 44.5 51.2 45.0 43.5 44.6 49.8 44.8 45.0 52.0 44.1 49.6 52.7 53.9 FeO*lMgO 1.5 2.2 2.1 1.5 104 1.5 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.7 2.2 2.3 2.2 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.6 2.3 1.8 1.6 1.5

V 222 188 229 234 215 223 192 216 185 236 219 229 239 244 197 236 244 203 239 220 207 219 Cr 89 19 35 89 77 84 50 49 46 18 147 20 17 20 34 5 22 51 20 44 66 79 Ni 29 10 10 27 27 28 18 17 17 10 36 9 9 9 15 9 10 21 9 16 23 26 Zn 86 82 87 82 72 84 79 84 82 87 85 87 87 89 73 80 93 85 85 85 75 85 Ga 22 21 18 19 20 20 20 20 19 20 19 21 20 20 21 19 21 21 21 21 20 20 Rb 34 32 34 36 39 37 44 38 45 30 37 31 30 29 30 28 31 40 31 38 37 35 Sr 278 334 200 282 258 238 230 229 238 220 194 225 225 224 321 214 218 233 220 228 258 239 Ba 232 220 187 230 225 223 267 234 263 181 182 176 184 171 195 166 175 231 177 217 241 231 La 12 12 8 12 II 13 16 10 12 10 7 8 10 5 13 13 12 9 Ce 28 39 23 25 28 26 32 25 36 32 25 21 26 22 25 24 29 30 26 20 35 29 Nd 10 10 10 13 10 10 12 10 10 10 18 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 10 y 21 26 24 20 17 22 23 22 24 26 24 24 25 23 22 22 22 23 23 22 22 22 Zr 110 127 107 109 112 109 125 116 132 102 109 100 105 101 140 100 101 117 107 114 126 110 Nb 4 7 5 6 5 6 5 5 5 4 5 5 7 7 5 5 8 4 4 5 5 Pb 12 9 9 9 12 II 14 II 10 8 7 6 II 7 7 II 5 9 10 II Th 6 7 5 5 2 5 5 4 6 5 3 5 3 3 2 2 5 3 2 4 4 2

KlRb 273 314 246 254 245 242 245 247 245 271 244 254 263 263 296 279 262 259 262 249 267 261 K1Ba 40 46 45 40 42 40 40 40 42 45 50 45 43 45 46 47 46 45 46 44 41 40 Rb/Sr 0.12 0.10 0.17 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.19 0.17 0.19 0.14 0.19 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.09 0.13 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.15 Rb/Zr 0.31 0.25 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.33 0.34 0.29 0.34 0.31 0.29 0.29 0.21 0.28 0.31 0.34 0.29 0.33 0.29 0.32 TilZr 42 48 49 43 37 36 41 44 33 47 46 50 54 49 41 52 50 39 47 38 36 42 ::~;:atunit--~~~--'~~~~~-=~---=~~~~~~~~--~~--~T~G~0~43~~T~G~0~#~-=~~~=-----T-G-I-57---T-G-I-5-8--=T=G-16~1--~T~G~I~62~-T~G~1~6-3--=TG--16~4--~------'~~~~---=--~ Lava group 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 1B 3B 3B 3B 38 38 3B 38 IB 38 IA IA IA IA IA lA IA

SiO, 56.06 55.25 57.61 55.94 54,80 55.57 55.19 55.67 56,25 55.59 55.77 56,92 56.09 55.79 58.18 55.38 55.51 55.35 55.43 55.51 55,02 54.64 Ti02 0.71 0.73 0.74 0.76 0.75 0.88 0.72 0.73 0.71 0.78 0.70 0.85 0,84 0.93 0.81 0.98 0.99 0.94 0.94 0.96 0.95 0.92 AI,0, 17.02 17.04 17.30 16.94 16.61 17.92 16.71 16.79 16.97 16.76 16.99 17.24 17.23 17.91 17.28 17.61 17.62 17.61 17.74 17.67 17.34 17.66 Fe,O,* 8.90 8.68 8.20 9.02 8.82 9.65 8.79 8.73 8.83 8.76 8.92 8.37 8.37 9.31 7.95 9.10 9.17 9.14 9.16 9.05 8.92 9.02 MnO 0.15 0.14 0.15 0,15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0,15 0.14 0.15 MgO 5.27 5.14 4.49 5,38 5.32 3.93 5.27 5.19 5.21 5.14 5.34 4.79 4.88 3.73 4.08 4.69 4.70 4.78 4.83 4.68 4.62 4.72 CaO 8.33 8.34 7.88 8.33 8.26 8.31 8.24 8.20 8.31 8.22 8.39 8.16 8.15 8.33 7.46 8.06 8.07 8.18 8,21 8.14 7.94 8.13 Na,O 2.88 2.79 3.12 2.86 2,79 3.10 2.79 2.88 2.88 2.85 2.81 2.96 3.05 3.28 3.23 3.32 3.10 3.28 3.18 3.25 3.29 3.20 K,O 1.11 1.11 1.25 1.10 1.09 0.97 1.08 1.12 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.13 1.11 0.99 1.33 1.10 1.09 L07 1.07 1.10 1.07 1.07

F20. 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.14 0,14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0,15 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 LOI -0.98 -0.73 -0.76 -0.37 -0.52 ·0.17 1.33 -0.28 -0.35 -0.67 -0,54 ·0,23 0.04 -0.16 -0.45 -0.47 ·0.23 -0.54 -0.49 ·0.46 -0.05 0.29 TOTAL 99.59 98.63 100.14 100.25 98.21 100.46 100.41 99.32 100.23 98.83 99.77 100.49 100.05 100,42 100.17 100.10 100.35 100.14 100.39 100.23 99.42 99.98

Mg# 54.0 54.0 52.0 54,2 54.4 #.7 54.3 54.1 53.9 53.8 54.3 53,1 53.6 44.2 50.4 50.5 50.4 50.9 51.1 50.6 50,6 50.9 FeO*lMgO 1.5 15 1.6 1.5 1.5 2.2 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7

V 216 221 191 226 214 233 214 219 210 215 218 205 202 238 188 206 218 221 213 221 218 225 Cr 78 78 53 82 78 20 80 75 76 79 81 58 56 21 32 30 31 31 30 33 33 32 Ni 25 28 18 28 25 9 27 24 25 25 26 19 19 10 12 13 14 14 13 14 14 13 Zn 81 86 77 88 87 86 79 81 80 86 87 74 80 86 75 71 76 75 76 78 79 84 Ga 20 21 20 21 21 21 21 20 20 19 21 20 22 21 22 20 19 22 22 21 22 21 Rb 34 35 40 35 36 30 35 37 35 37 35 36 36 31 43 31 31 29 30 30 31 32 Sr 2# 238 264 243 245 220 243 238 241 240 241 263 258 220 277 355 356 359 350 352 352 353 Sa 214 216 262 224 204 179 203 220 230 231 217 236 227 184 279 234 237 237 229 252 247 234 La 10 12 15 10 10 6 12 14 13 II \0 12 II 8 12 12 12 II 9 13 12 II Ce 30 31 35 30 31 27 25 26 28 24 31 29 29 18 32 31 30 27 23 30 37 30 Nd 12 10 10 11 10 10 10 10 10 15 12 II 12 10 14 10 15 II \0 10 10 12 y 20 20 24 20 22 23 20 20 20 20 22 23 21 26 22 24 24 23 21 22 23 22 Zr 109 110 126 108 104 103 109 112 112 112 109 116 112 104 119 132 130 131 119 139 138 134 Nb 7 6 5 7 6 3 5 6 5 6 5 5 6 4 5 5 6 6 5 6 6 6 Pb 13 10 7 10 8 7 14 II 10 12 9 8 7 9 7 7 7 7 7 II 6 10 Th 4 5 3 3 2 4 2 3 3 5 4 5 3 2 5 2 4

KlRb 271 263 259 261 251 268 256 251 266 249 261 260 256 265 257 294 292 306 296 304 286 277 K/Ba 43 43 40 41 # 45 # 42 40 40 42 40 41 45 40 39 38 37 39 36 36 38 RblSr 0.14 0,15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0,09 0,09 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.09 0.09 RblZr 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.29 0.32 0,33 0.31 0.33 0.32 0.31 0.32 0.30 0.36 0.23 0.24 0.22 0.25 0.22 0.22 0.24 TilZr 39 40 35 42 43 51 40 39 38 42 39 # 45 54 41 45 46 43 47 41 41 41 ;:~;.:rntunit--~T~G~18~9~~T~G~2705~~T=G=2~O~6--T=G=2=0~7--~T=G=24~1~~T~G~2=66~~T=G=2=7=7--=T=G=27=8--=T=G~2=83~~T=G=~~4--=TG=~~:~;_ur~u~~=~=28=6~~T~G~2~8~8--T-G-2-8-9--=T=G-30-5--=T=G=3=59~-T=G=3=670--=TG=3=6=1--~T=G=36=2~=T=G~3=63~-T=G=3=6=4--=T=G736~8 Lava group IA 2 2 3A 3B IA lB IB 3A 3A 3A 2 3A 3A IA IB 3B 3B 3B IB IB 3A

S101 54.18 58.03 58.30 57.70 58.04 54.87 55.15 55.46 57.90 58.11 57.48 58.19 57.30 58.62 54.59 55.66 56.28 55.50 56.72 55.54 55.49 57.79 TiO, 0.97 0.85 0.78 0.74 0.78 1.05 0.87 0.82 0.73 0.70 0.69 0.77 0.70 0.71 0.99 0.90 0.76 0.75 0.75 0.86 0.94 0.70 AI,O, 17.45 IS.99 17.S9 16.49 17.82 17_60 18.12 17.59 16.26 16.17 16.05 18.05 16.18 16.58 17.77 17.86 17.23 17.13 17.08 17.61 18.09 16.22 FezO,* 9.30 6.94 7.70 7.85 7.65 9.18 9.42 9.39 7.97 7.90 7.86 7.60 8.08 7.78 9.47 9.62 9.09 8.75 8.11 9.48 8.64 8.15 MnO 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.16 0.16 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.13 MgO 4.91 2.17 3.24 5.13 3.80 4.52 3.83 3.86 4.90 4.98 4.99 2.98 5.41 4.43 4.65 3.73 4.16 4.32 3.92 3.69 3.57 4.99 CaO 8.30 7.40 7.44 7.52 7.72 8.03 8.44 8.28 7.59 7.53 7.57 7.43 7.71 7.37 8.28 8.15 7.89 7.88 7.43 8.19 7.62 7.79 NS10 3.57 3.59 3.38 3.30 3.30 3,40 3.19 3.26 3.23 3.16 3.17 3.47 3.17 3.30 3.38 3.13 3.01 2.97 3.20 3.27 3.49 3.17 KzO 0.98 1.44 1.34 1.29 1.25 1.08 0.95 0.94 1.32 1.34 1.33 1.36 1.27 1.37 1.03 1.01 1.13 LlO 1.28 0.99 1.22 1.30 P,O, 0.21 0.17 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.20 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.21 0.14 LOI -0.52 -0.42 -0.33 -0.61 -0.22 0.25 -0.42 -0.69 0.17 0.20 0.14 -0.03 -0.10 -0.29 -0.26 -0.53 -0.56 0.43 -0.21 -0.26 0.03 -0.23 TOTAL 99.50 99.27 100,03 99.69 100,43 100.34 99.86 99.22 100.35 100.38 99.56 100.11 100.00 100.16 100.27 99.84 99.28 99.13 98.58 99.67 99.45 100.15

Mg# 51.1 3S.2 45.5 56.4 49.6 49.4 44.6 44.9 54.9 55.5 55.7 43.7 57.0 53.0 49.3 43.4 47.5 49.4 48.9 43.5 45.0 54.8 FeO*IMgO 1.7 2.9 2.1 1.4 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.2 1.5 1.4 1.4 2.3 L3 1.6 1.8 2.3 2.0 1,8 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.5

V 216 176 181 195 197 223 258 261 194 195 190 174 191 180 221 237 226 225 192 225 181 192 Cr 31 17 31 117 42 36 22 23 140 144 142 29 190 108 28 23 56 59 38 21 21 138 Ni 16 7 13 44 11 17 10 11 44 44 45 12 57 34 15 I3 20 20 14 12 12 41 Zn 71 SO 83 75 82 90 89 98 70 77 71 79 79 74 82 85 88 87 75 79 82 73 Ga 21 21 20 21 20 19 20 21 20 18 23 22 20 23 20 22 21 22 23 24 23 14 Rb 26 47 45 47 41 30 28 29 46 46 46 46 45 48 27 32 38 39 44 31 35 43 Sr 354 280 266 222 262 316 218 216 221 221 222 276 225 222 359 219 225 231 276 218 329 221 Sa 165 291 257 228 265 204 181 174 234 242 226 265 226 243 185 183 201 209 257 161 225 232 La 9 II 11 10 13 11 7 8 7 6 8 12 9 7 9 6 II 9 14 7 11 10 Ce 28 40 37 33 27 29 19 24 32 28 28 36 23 31 29 22 24 23 30 22 28 22 Nd 14 16 16 13 14 17 13 12 10 13 10 18 16 18 II 10 14 lQ 15 10 22 11 y 24 24 23 22 24 23 23 23 20 20 19 23 19 20 22 20 21 20 21 23 23 19 Zr 127 119 133 107 131 130 100 105 107 108 105 134 103 III 131 99 105 104 121 96 120 107 Nb 4 9 3 3 9 9 4 4 4 5 3 4 6 4 4 4 4 5 5 Pb S 9 12 9 12 7 6 8 II 6 7 9 11 8 9 11 7 9 3 7 7 Th 4 6 9 4 7 4 4 I I 3 2 2 2

KJRb 313 254 247 228 253 299 282 269 238 242 240 245 234 237 317 262 247 234 241 265 289 251 KJBa 49 41 43 47 39 44 44 45 47 46 49 43 47 47 46 46 47 44 41 51 45 46 Rb/Sr 0.Q7 0.17 0.17 0.21 0.16 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.17 0.20 0.22 0.08 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.19 RblZr 0.20 0.39 0.34 0.44 0.31 0.23 0.28 0.28 0.43 0.43 0.44 0.34 0.44 0.43 0.21 0.32 0.36 0.38 0.36 0.32 0.29 0.40 TilZr 46 43 35 41 36 48 52 47 41 39 39 34 41 38 45 55 43 43 37 54 47 39 Volc-strat unil____ =-:---=- __ -:---=:-:__-__=::-:-:-:-______:_::_--:::::-:::_::______-= ___ --==:__---N!!:gu:..:.Uf:..:.U-b0,c:e__ -_-,-- ___-,-----: _____ ------__:=-__= __ :-- ______:_::_--:::-::-:::-:- Sample TG369 TG405 TG406 TG411 TG4t2 TG413 TG500 TG501 TG502 TG503 TG504 TG505 TG506 TG507 TG508 TG509 TG5tO TG5Il TG512 TG513 TG520 TG521 Lava group 3A 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 2 3B 3B 3B 3B 2 3A 3A

SiO, 57.97 57.84 56.13 55.23 55.72 56.22 56.96 57.20 57.33 57.39 57.51 56.67 57.49 56.74 57.87 56.61 57.48 57.41 57.48 58.00 57.91 57.19 TiO, 0.72 0.80 0.72 0.74 0.73 0.72 0.74 0.84 0.81 0.80 0.83 0.78 0.87 0.79 0.85 0.70 0.84 0.81 0.85 0.79 0.75 0.71 AhO, 16.24 17.27 16.82 16.94 16.74 17.08 17.19 17.28 17.42 17.51 17.46 17.10 17.33 17.01 18.98 17.21 17.65 17.48 17.47 18.17 16.43 16.35 Fe,O,* 8.07 8.21 8.76 8.56 8.75 8.88 8.71 8.10 8.09 8.11 8.11 8.64 8.14 8.69 7.04 8.65 8.00 8.01 8.04 7.69 8.00 8.03 MnO 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 MgO 5.02 3.94 5.02 5.15 5.19 5.08 4.67 3.96 4.00 3.98 4.01 4.70 4.10 4.64 2.31 4.54 3.99 4.00 4.03 3.14 4.94 5.42 CaO 7.74 7.26 7.53 7.70 8.11 8.21 7.82 7.44 7.44 7.52 7.52 7.75 7.40 7.79 7.47 7.69 7.41 7.37 7.48 7.35 7.57 7.55 Na10 3.19 3.11 2.79 2.82 2.80 2.87 3.11 3.22 3.31 3.80 3.30 3.12 3.18 3.16 3.51 3.05 3.23 3.23 3.18 3.37 3.18 3.12 K,O 1.31 1.35 1.12 1.11 1.09 1.07 1.23 1.32 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.21 1.32 1.23 1.43 1.24 1.34 1.33 1.32 1.35 1.32 1.26 P,O, 0.14 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.17 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.14 LOI -0.30 0.00 0.57 0.70 -0.07 -0.13 ·0.26 -0.23 -0.36 -0.49 -0.10 -0.10 -0.30 -0.49 0.30 -0.10 -0.17 -0.23 -0.26 -0.36 0.00 0.59 TOTAL 100.23 100.09 99.76 99.25 99.36 100.30 100.46 99.44 99.67 100.25 100.27 100.17 99.83 99.85 100.05 99.89 100m 99.71 99.89 99.79 100.38 100.50

Mg# 55.2 48.7 53.2 54.4 54.0 53.1 51.5 49.2 49.5 49.3 49.5 51.9 49.9 51.4 39.4 51.0 49.7 49.7 49.8 44.7 55.0 57.2 FeO*JlI,fgO 1.4 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.7 2.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 2.2 L5 1.3

V 200 207 224 219 223 214 222 200 199 203 203 224 203 223 179 222 197 203 202 )87 202 218 Cr 152 39 102 97 122 98 72 36 36 38 40 75 37 72 21 70 40 37 41 33 133 193 Ni 44 16 30 30 34 32 25 14 13 \3 14 26 14 23 9 22 14 \3 15 12 37 55 Zn 74 76 84 78 84 86 89 84 74 78 76 91 87 87 67 84 78 84 80 74 72 80 Ga 17 20 21 20 18 17 17 17 16 12 20 18 22 16 18 18 21 14 19 21 20 15 Rb 46 43 35 38 37 35 44 47 46 45 46 43 46 42 50 42 47 45 47 46 49 44 Sr 221 272 229 231 237 237 234 281 280 284 281 239 279 234 284 237 281 283 282 273 225 222 Ba 234 275 208 210 204 204 241 274 265 274 287 248 271 239 292 240 279 280 275 272 238 233 La 6 12 14 7 10 15 13 14 14 14 13 14 14 15 13 14 II 14 13 Il 7 Ce 21 30 29 24 24 19 26 26 30 29 28 23 26 30 30 22 30 34 24 24 20 31 Nd 14 16 13 15 15 14 J6 14 23 19 22 20 19 18 15 I7 14 18 27 14 13 14 y 20 20 18 18 19 19 21 21 21 23 23 21 22 20 23 21 20 20 22 22 21 18 Zr 109 128 100 101 101 99 114 130 130 129 131 III 129 113 141 115 \31 133 130 138 114 109 Nb 3 5 5 5 5 4 2 3 2 4 2 5 3 4 2 2 2 2 3 3 2 2 Pb 7 II 10 8 10 \3 II 8 7 7 6 10 9 7 10 9 9 9 9 11 7 Th 3 4 2 4 6 5 3 6 3 4 5 4 4 4 5 3 5 5 3

KlRb 236 261 266 242 244 254 232 233 240 245 240 234 238 243 237 245 237 245 233 244 224 238 KlBa 46 41 45 44 44 44 42 40 42 40 38 40 40 43 41 43 40 39 40 41 46 45 RblSr 0.21 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.19 0.17 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.18 0.16 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.22 0.20 Rb/Zr 0.42 0.34 0.35 0.38 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.39 0.36 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.36 0.34 0.36 0.33 0.43 0.40 TilZr 40 37 43 44 43 44 39 39 37 37 38 42 40 42 36 36 38 37 39 34 39 39

Vole-slrat unit. __-:-_-=-::-:-::-:-_=-=--:-_=-=-:-::-:-:---=-~R~e.::.d..::C::;ra=:te:-:r::-::::---=-::-:-::-----::=-=-c::-::- _____-==-:+---:::-::-: __ =~T::am=a::.L:::ak::e::.s _=-_+--,."..,-, __=-=- _____T::e:..:M:,:an::::..,· C::r:::a::te::.:rs:...,-_-==-.,- ______c:-c:- Sample TG128 TG129 TG130 TG131 TG132 TG133 TG134 TG135 TG342 TG343 TG033 TG034 TG137 Tn141a TG027 TG281 TG282 TG345 TG346 TG347 TG348 TG349 Lava group Post-1.8ka Post-1.8ka Post-1.8ka Post-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Post-1.8ka Post-1.8ka

SiO, 53.69 52.95 53.23 53.62 59.11 59.21 59.47 60.94 53.43 53.21 57.40 57.56 56.09 64.23 59.91 58.47 59.86 59.66 59.59 57.48 59.75 60.15 TiO, 0.72 0.68 0.75 0.71 0.68 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.70 0.71 0.87 0.84 0.72 0.38 0.68 0.81 0.77 0.74 0.76 0.73 0.68 0.68 AhO, 15.40 15.20 15.47 15.34 16.58 16.69 16.02 15.98 15.34 15.11 18.08 17.92 17.37 17.72 16.63 16.78 16.74 16.55 16.53 16.81 16.73 16.56 Fe,O,* 9.69 9.40 9.58 9.60 7.24 7.24 7.20 6.73 9.82 9.79 8.17 8.18 8.28 3.73 7.23 7.61 7.11 7.42 7.51 7.53 7.40 7.34 MnO 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 MgO 7.70 7.51 7.57 7.61 4.13 4.13 4.49 3.82 7.49 7.40 3.27 3.22 4.53 1.10 3.73 4.11 3.63 3.68 3.57 4.41 3.14 3.45 CaO 10.40 10.11 10.21 10.25 7.18 7.14 7.23 6.49 10.34 10.24 7.33 7.38 8.05 3.94 6.75 7.28 6.75 6.81 6.83 7.64 6.46 6.57 Na,O 2.43 2.42 2.48 2.47 3.25 3.18 3.10 3.31 2.54 2.64 3.37 3.24 2.99 4.02 3.32 3.15 3.43 3.39 3.40 3.28 3.30 3.37 K,O 0.65 0.66 0.68 0.67 1.53 1.55 1.52 1.78 0.67 0.71 1.47 1.47 1.21 1.88 1.52 1.52 1.64 1.51 1.50 1.17 1.62 1.56 P,O, 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.16 0.13 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.14 0.15 LOI -0.75 -0.42 -0.70 -0.53 -0.03 -0.06 -0.39 -0.17 -0.63 0.03 0.15 -0.08 -0.02 2.35 0.19 -0.49 -0.36 -0.17 -0.03 0.14 -0.03 -0.20 TOTAL 100.22 98.80 99.55 100.03 99.94 100m 99.60 99.81 99.99 100.13 100.38 100.02 99.48 99.64 100.22 99.51 99.82 99.86 99.92 99.47 99.31 99.75

Mg#t 61.2 61.3 61.0 61.1 53.1 53.1 55.3 52.9 60.2 60.0 44.2 43.8 52.0 36.9 50.5 51.7 50.3 49.6 48.5 53.7 45.7 48.2 FeO*lMgO 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.2 2.3 1.6 3.1 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.1 1.9

V 254 256 253 257 162 171 175 155 254 250 246 244 235 41 161 167 151 167 173 J88 163 165 Cr 229 221 206 222 57 61 87 66 258 267 14 14 32 3 41 51 43 49 47 65 24 44 Ni 51 53 54 54 19 20 19 21 57 59 7 8 16 4 15 19 16 17 16 22 12 17 Zn 73 82 75 81 69 69 72 67 76 80 88 89 83 74 65 70 63 69 77 69 73 70 Ga 20 20 19 20 21 22 19 21 24 14 20 20 21 17 21 22 21 18 19 16 19 17 Rb 19 19 22 18 51 51 51 64 18 20 51 52 41 69 54 55 56 51 54 36 60 57 Sr 273 273 275 274 281 280 288 269 269 274 268 268 331 264 253 272 260 275 275 375 276 274 Ba 125 133 139 148 317 329 319 373 126 117 320 313 265 424 338 334 361 308 304 255 345 337 La 5 5 7 8 13 14 15 15 5 5 14 13 12 19 12 14 15 17 14 9 15 14 Ce 16 17 20 18 35 33 30 32 20 18 31 28 21 37 33 31 35 38 46 37 42 36 Nd 11 13 12 15 15 15 18 14 10 10 10 10 10 20 20 21 10 14 15 13 14 17 y 16 19 17 19 23 22 24 24 17 16 24 22 19 18 22 22 24 23 21 19 21 20 Zr 83 79 83 79 118 117 116 146 72 73 138 135 117 147 112 126 127 111 115 104 125 116 Nb 5 6 5 7 7 7 6 5 5 4 8 7 6 4 6 6 4 6 5 3 6 6 Pb 3 7 6 7 9 9 9 13 7 10 9 9 17 12 11 13 9 9 9 13 10 Th 2 2 2 7 6 7 4 6 4 9 8 5 3 2 5 5

KlRb 284 288 256 309 249 252 247 231 309 295 239 235 245 226 234 229 243 246 231 270 224 227 K/Ba 43 41 41 38 40 39 40 40 44 50 38 39 38 37 37 38 38 41 41 38 39 38 RbfSr 0.Q7 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.24 0.07 0.07 0.19 0.19 0.12 0.26 0.21 0.20 0.22 0.19 0.20 0.10 0.22 0.21 RbfZr 0.23 0.24 0.27 0.23 0.43 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.25 0.27 0.37 0.39 0.35 0.47 0.48 0.44 0.44 0.46 0.47 0.35 0.48 0.49 TifZr 52 52 54 54 35 37 36 28 58 58 38 37 37 15 36 39 36 40 40 42 33 35 I--' 0\ o Volc·strat unit_.... T_e .... M.... ar_i_C .... r.... at .... er.;..s +--=-:.... y_o .... un.."g'-:S .... W....-.-O .... tu_re_re=::-:::-:t-y_o .... u.... ng:;:.-P .... u.... k_eka-=-:iki ....· o.... re+-==-:-::::---=:=-:- ...... ---::=-:-:----:=:-:c:-_=-....-::_-=-= ...... ::---=-==- ....N_o_rt_h ....Cr.... a_te_r_=-::--_.....-:~--=_- __.....- ___=_- ____-::--== ..... Sample TG350 TG351 TGI65 TGl66 TGl76 TGl52 TGI53 TGl92 TOl93 TG194 TG196 TOl97 TGl98 TGl99 T0200 TG201 T0202 T020) T0204 TG306 TG307 TG308

SiO, 59.28 59.63 54.97 55.88 57.39 56.89 57.35 59.40 59.13 58.62 59.20 59.54 59.1 1 59.93 58.89 58.96 59.60 59.21 58.55 59.87 56.90 56.29 TiO, 0.77 0.77 0.76 0.68 0.88 0.57 0.62 0.72 0.71 0.73 0.78 0.78 0.80 0.76 0.72 0.76 0.77 0.80 0.70 0.70 0.71 0.65 AI,O, 16.98 16.86 16.01 15.94 17.59 14.59 14.82 16.08 16.09 16.33 17.11 17.20 17.12 16.59 15.98 17.34 17.29 17.16 15.80 17.06 16.00 15.49 Fe,O,* 7.64 7.54 8.60 8.68 8.18 7.93 7.95 7.33 6.99 7.25 7.23 7.16 7.10 7.10 736 7.11 7.16 6.99 7.51 6.92 7.99 7.99 MnO 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.14 MgO 3.26 3.23 6.26 6.32 3.30 7.02 6.92 4.71 4.65 4.67 4.08 3.85 3.89 4.03 4.94 3.90 3.96 3.88 5.01 3.40 5.31 6.22 CaO 6.81 6.68 8.78 8.87 7.13 9.18 9.17 7.24 7.06 6.58 6.93 6.82 6.85 6.93 6.95 6.88 6.89 6.77 6.95 6.19 7.65 7.86 Na,O 3.42 3.42 2.65 2.52 3.47 2.37 2.49 3.14 3.10 3.04 3.25 3.30 3.30 3.29 3.09 3.34 3.29 3.26 2.99 3.33 3.01 2.86 K.O 1.48 1.50 0.99 0.98 1.45 0.89 0.89 1.50 1.49 1.51 1.45 1.50 1.48 1.54 1.50 1.49 1.48 1.50 \.47 1.75 1.39 1.27 P,Os 0.16 0.16 0.12 0.11 0.15 0.08 0.09 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.13 LOI 0.17 0.07 0.42 0.24 ·0.19 ~0.47 -0.02 -0.33 0.47 0.57 -0.42 -0.11 -0.14 ·0.41 -0.06 -0.22 -0.43 -0.19 -0.21 -0.17 -0.31 -0.17 TOTAL 100.09 99.99 99.69 100.35 99.49 99.18 100.40 100.05 99.96 99.57 99.88 100.30 99.78 100.Q2 99.65 99.81 100.27 99.65 99.04 99.32 98.94 98.73

Mg# 45.8 45.9 59.0 59.1 44.4 63.7 63.3 56.0 56.9 56.1 52.8 51.6 52.0 52.9 57.1 52.1 52.3 52.4 56.9 49.3 56.8 60.7 FeO*lMgO 2.1 2.1 1.2 1.2 2.2 1.0 1.0 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.3 1.8 1.4 1.2

V 180 175 229 232 245 196 195 182 180 182 180 178 176 173 170 174 185 182 175 147 207 182 Cr 27 27 116 128 13 248 229 111 121 108 36 36 33 55 112 34 37 36 116 39 158 314 Ni 13 II 30 33 8 38 35 26 27 26 11 11 10 15 26 11 12 11 31 15 42 79 Zn 76 70 75 76 88 72 69 81 83 77 76 73 72 74 77 74 72 72 73 71 80 74 Ga 15 20 20 19 22 20 20 20 21 21 20 21 20 22 22 20 21 19 20 19 16 16 Rb 51 51 34 32 52 29 29 54 53 57 53 53 51 56 56 51 50 52 52 63 49 43 Sr 288 284 288 289 268 634 643 309 304 287 281 282 280 272 295 286 285 285 292 269 265 249 Ba 322 322 209 210 323 198 204 310 329 318 326 326 321 344 331 329 326 335 311 363 310 250 La 16 16 8 11 13 10 12 14 \3 12 15 15 11 14 12 16 15 16 12 14 11 Ce 34 46 24 23 32 33 27 37 28 37 32 41 43 35 26 40 41 35 34 41 40 25 Nd 17 16 10 10 II 15 10 12 15 1l 13 13 15 16 12 16 10 10 10 13 10 15 y 21 22 15 17 22 14 15 22 23 19 21 21 22 22 19 23 21 21 22 21 21 19 Zr 116 117 105 103 138 78 88 115 114 114 III 116 114 120 116 111 117 113 114 133 123 112 Nb 7 6 5 2 5 6 7 6 5 8 9 7 7 8 7 8 7 6 6 4 5 Pb 10 9 10 \0 11 6 10 10 13 13 16 13 14 11 12 13 24 14 12 8 10 6 Th 3 5 5 3 4 7 6 9 9 8 5 4 7 7 6 5 6 7 3 2

KJRb 241 244 242 254 231 255 255 231 233 220 227 235 241 228 222 242 246 239 235 231 235 245 K/Ila 38 39 39 39 37 37 36 40 38 39 37 38 38 37 38 38 38 37 39 40 37 42 RbfSr 0.18 0.18 0.12 0.11 0.19 ' 0.05 0.05 0.17 0.17 0.20 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.21 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.18 0.23 0.18 0.17 RblZr 0.44 0.44 0.32 0.31 0.38 0.37 0.33 0.47 0.46 0.50 0.48 0.46 0.45 0.47 0.48 0.46 0.43 0.46 0.46 0.47 0.40 0.38 TilZr 40 39 43 40 381 44 42 38 37 38 42 40 42 38 37 41 39 42 37 32 35 35 Volc·strat unit North Crater Blue Lake Pukeonake Sample TG309 TG310 TG311 TG316 TG317 TG319 TG320 TG323 TG327 TG209 TG210 TG2ll TG212 TG213 TG214 TG215 TG219 TG312 TG313 TG314 TG279 TG280

SiO. 59.51 58.77 60.10 57.78 58.92 58.48 59.98 57.89 59.89 59.11 58.57 59.77 59.39 59.37 58.45 57.46 58.01 59.93 56.83 59.62 56.99 56.52 TiO. 0.73 0.70 0.78 0.64 0.68 0.71 0.67 0.65 0.75 0.73 0.66 0.69 0.68 0.66 0.78 0.75 0.79 0.73 0.64 0.76 0.67 0.67 AhO, 16.49 16.10 16.91 15.76 16.23 16.04 16.15 16.02 17.08 16.26 15.96 16.01 16.20 16.06 17.55 17.06 17.85 17.39 15.42 17.27 14.26 14.52 Fe,O," 7.24 7.64 7.28 7.56 7.47 7.69 7.73 7.55 6.89 7.17 7.18 7.48 7.27 7.29 7.26 8.50 7.12 6.99 7.97 6.98 7.42 7.54 MnO 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.12 MgO 3.48 4.51 3.43 4.50 4.62 4.61 4.59 4.41 3.29 4.18 4.69 4.75 4.74 4.72 3.75 4.24 3.87 3.46 6.21 3.28 8.88 9.21 ellO 6.77 7.14 6.11 7.03 7.04 7.16 7.34 7.03 6.23 7.16 6.90 7.07 7.08 7.03 5.84 6.81 6.52 6.02 8.15 6.01 7.41 7.34 Na,O 3.31 3.07 3.32 3.15 3.10 3.15 3.17 3.17 3.33 3.24 3.11 3.18 3.15 3.14 3.08 2.78 2.95 3.35 2.81 3.30 2.92 2.82 K,O 1.61 1.46 1.78 1.45 1.49 1.42 1.45 1.48 1.76 1.49 1.46 1.53 1.46 1.47 1.71 1.13 1.27 1.77 1.10 1.78 1.49 1.39 P,O. 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 D.ll 0.16 0.15 0.14 LOI 0.27 0.50 0.36 0.40 0.07 0.13 ·0.03 0.07 0.40 ·0.25 0.40 ·0.34 ·0.14 O.ll 0.41 1.27 1.11 0.54 0.37 0.33 ·0.10 0.15 TOTAL 99.68 100.17 100.33 98.54 99.90 99.66 101.33 98.53 99.89 99.36 99.20 100.42 100.11 100. II 99.09 100.29 99.76 100.46 99.74 99.60 100.21 100.42

Mglt 48.8 53.9 48.3 54.1 55.1 54.3 54.0 53.6 48.6 53.6 56.4 55.7 56.4 56.2 50.6 49.7 51.8 49.5 48.2 70.3 70.8 FeO"/MgO 1.9 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 0.& 0.7

V 150 173 159 169 174 179 185 163 158 169 175 173 171 177 140 208 201 156 198 149 191 180 Cr 50 115 39 128 130 131 136 122 38 65 124 116 111 116 40 26 27 41 257 36 460 424 Ni 17 26 15 31 31 30 29 29 15 21 29 26 26 27 17 10 12 16 59 15 217 220 Zn 66 78 77 75 75 80 81 73 80 66 78 75 74 76 84 93 81 76 73 71 64 63 Ga 20 20 17 21 14 18 21 19 21 21 19 21 19 20 22 22 21 19 17 20 2Q 18 Rb 57 52 65 51 52 49 51 53 63 53 52 55 51 52 62 44 36 68 34 66 57 53 Sr 262 266 271 269 269 268 261 262 274 281 294 293 302 302 258 248 256 268 363 265 278 274 Sa 335 313 381 295 308 309 312 304 381 331 307 326 332 325 419 292 293 403 239 384 327 316 La 14 12 14 14 14 16 14 16 14 13 14 15 16 13 15 14 7 12 10 12 Ce 29 34 44 36 30 31 35 36 46 31 44 39 33 35 33 44 18 42 33 33 29 31 Nd 18 12 12 19 17 16 13 16 16 18 17 20 10 12 10 24 10 13 10 18 17 22 y 21 19 21 19 19 19 21 19 22 23 22 21 21 20 18 23 15 20 15 18 19 19 Zr 120 113 135 127 118 109 130 123 136 112 109 113 120 113 130 126 126 135 !O5 138 \23 127 Nb 4 6 6 5 6 4 5 6 6 7 7 5 8 7 3 2 6 4 624 Pb 8 8 11 7 II 13 7 6 14 12 10 13 13 11 15 8 11 6 10 9 10 Th 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 6 5 4 5 7 5 2 464

K/Rb 234 233 227 236 238 240 236 232 232 233 233 231 238 235 229 213 293 216 268 224 217 218 KlBa 40 39 39 41 40 38 39 40 38 37 39 39 36 38 34 32 36 36 38 38 38 37 RblSr 0.22 0.20 0.24 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.20 0.23 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.24 0.18 0.14 0.25 0.09 0.25 0.21 0.19 RblZr 0.48 0.46 0.48 0.40 0.44 0.45 0.39 0.43 0.46 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.43 0.46 0.48 0.35 0.29 0.50 0.32 0.48 0.46 0.42 TilZr 36 37 35 30 35 39 31 32 33 39 36 37 34 35 36 36 38 32 37 33 33 32 Volc-strat unit Young NE Oturere Tongariro Trig Sample --=T=G2~6~2~=T~G~26~3~~T~G~3~9~6~T=G~13~8--=T=G~13~9~=T~G~I~40~~T~G~I~4~1--=T=G~14~2--=T~G~I~43~~T~G~I~M~-T=G~14=5--=T=G~14~6~~T~G=I=47~~T~G~I=478--=T=G~14=9--=T=G=3~15--~T~G~3~2-1--=TG=3=2=2--=T=G=32~4~~T=G=3725~~T=G~3=2=6--=T=G=32~8

SiO, 57.64 57.96 58.14 62.09 58.82 61.17 61.29 61.71 60.80 60.17 61.23 59.22 59.11 59.28 60.34 58.21 60.03 56.96 59.99 58.89 62.12 58.90 TiO, 0.82 0.81 0.80 0.74 0.71 0.89 0.87 0.79 0.84 0.82 0.83 0.74 0.74 0.79 0.69 0.68 0.70 0.74 0.84 0.71 0.75 0.84 AI,O, 17.41 17.16 17.21 16.89 16.37 16.96 16.82 16.75 17.17 16.76 16.81 16.57 16.63 16.69 16.81 16.16 16.48 17.26 17.M 15.98 17.09 16.87 Fe,O,* 7.97 8.07 8.06 6.61 7.41 7.26 7.51 6.60 7.32 7.22 7.34 7.72 7.55 7.54 7.04 7.79 6.30 8.09 7.74 7M 6.01 8.30 MnO 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.09 0.14 MgO 4.17 4.29 4.09 2.54 4.11 2.18 2.26 2.43 2.46 2.M 2.20 4.12 4.11 3.78 3.48 3.92 3.62 4.17 2.45 4.61 1.75 2.88 CaO 7.46 7.70 7.37 5.32 6.93 5.71 5.69 5.36 6.00 5.86 5.48 7.03 6.97 6.82 6.47 6.87 6.41 7.64 6.22 7.00 5.22 6.64 Na,O 3.03 3.07 3.12 3.47 3.22 3.68 3.77 3.55 3.64 3.51 3.60 3.31 3.23 3.28 3.37 3.27 3.38 3.23 3.61 3.16 3.72 3.51 K,O 1.33 1.32 1.39 2.07 1.52 1.80 1.78 2.05 1.77 1.83 1.88 1.46 1.45 1.47 1.64 1.50 1.54 1.22 1.71 1.50 2.11 1.36 P,O, 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.18 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.15 0.20 0.16 LOI 0.04 -0.15 -0.07 -0.02 0.12 0.43 -0.24 -0.05 -0.43 0.13 -0.12 -0.45 0.19 -0.06 -0.19 0.27 0.37 0.10 0.17 -0.03 0.43 0.23 TOTAL 100.16 100.50 100.41 99.97 99.47 100.38 100.05 99.46 99.85 99.04 99.55 99.98 100.25 99.86 99.90 98.95 99.08 99.69 100.45 99.54 99.49 99.83

Mg# 50.9 51.3 50.1 43.2 52.4 37.3 37.3 42.2 40.0 40.1 37.3 51.4 51.9 49.8 49.5 49.9 53.2 50.5 38.5 55.1 36.6 40.7 FeO*JMgO 1.7 1.7 1.8 2.3 1.6 3.0 3.0 2.4 2.7 2.7 3.0 1.7 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.7 2.8 1.5 3.1 2.6

V 215 216 205 124 179 156 154 129 159 162 156 190 191 196 165 178 169 203 157 162 110 270 Cr 27 27 26 10 70 7 6 12 10 10 8 74 76 47 31 83 52 30 10 132 8 11 Ni 8 10 4 20 3 6 6 5 5 25 22 19 15 25 23 31 30 6 9 Zn 78 79 75 69 72 74 78 64 72 71 67 77 77 73 64 73 69 85 83 69 78 80 Ga 22 21 19 20 21 23 20 20 19 20 21 21 22 22 20 19 18 23 22 25 17 21 Rb 45 45 47 79 52 67 62 77 60 68 71 49 47 49 57 51 55 37 62 52 79 42 Sr 264 265 264 249 260 284 275 248 279 273 272 261 260 263 244 257 237 265 255 297 266 269 Ba 324 304 315 459 311 391 378 M9 407 398 439 311 328 307 343 313 315 250 350 314 450 296 La 14 13 11 15 14 19 24 18 22 20 14 15 10 14 15 17 11 11 16 13 23 14 Ce 30 34 28 46 34 47 50 37 39 42 34 42 26 38 30 45 32 25 46 38 55 39 Nd 10 10 10 23 15 26 27 17 18 19 11 18 12 19 19 17 18 14 17 17 23 24 y 21 22 22 24 23 28 28 26 33 33 24 26 22 25 25 25 21 22 26 20 35 25 Zr 127 128 123 146 117 140 136 153 140 137 1M 109 132 137 121 137 112 112 124 110 146 129 Nb 5 5 8 4 3 8 6 6 4 6 4 4 5 5 Pb 10 10 13 13 14 17 15 16 17 16 12 10 13 11 4 13 9 9 5 Th 6 6 9 4 8 6 8 11 9 10 8 6 6 2 6

KlRb 245 243 245 217 243 223 238 221 245 223 220 247 256 249 239 2M 232 274 229 239 222 269 KlBa 34 36 37 37 41 38 39 38 36 38 36 39 37 40 40 40 41 40 41 40 39 38 Rb/Sr 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.32 0.20 0.24 0.23 0.31 0.22 0.25 0.26 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.23 0.20 0.23 0.14 0.24 0.18 0.30 0.16 RblZr 0.35 0.35 0.38 0.54 O.M 0.48 0.46 0.50 0.43 0.50 0.49 0.45 0.36 0.36 0.47 0.37 0.49 0.33 0.50 0.47 0.54 0.33 TilZr 39 38 39 30 36 38 38 31 36 36 35 41 34 35 34 30 37 40 41 39 31 39 Volc-strat unil______---,.,-:----:::-::c:-:-:c~=_=_.,..,..,-T...:o~ng"'-an=-·r...:o-T...:ri.2:g=_____c_~ __-- ______~ ______if__------S=-W-...:;O.;;tu.;;re.;;re=------Sample TG329 TG330 TG331 TG333 TG336 TG337 TG338 TG339 TG341 TG344 TG352 TG353 TG354 TG355 TG356 TG357 TG358 TG049 TG050 TG05) TG052 TG054

SiOl 59.45 58.66 58.54 58.46 59.68 59.93 60.10 60.02 59.67 58.64 62.31 61.23 61.36 60.47 58.17 58.94 59.55 62.63 59.39 58.87 60.80 60.63

TiOl 0.72 0.78 0.69 0.69 0.76 0.82 0.83 0.80 0.71 0.68 0.75 0.79 0.84 0.70 0.75 0.75 0.73 0.74 0.79 0.82 0.78 0.82 AhO, 16.59 16.37 16.36 16.51 17.14 17.29 17.38 17.93 16.41 16.56 17.32 17.30 17.02 16.67 16.23 16.28 16.46 16.32 17.21 17.34 17.10 17.19 FelO," 7.42 7.65 7.42 7.49 7.36 7.65 7.50 6.37 7.72 7.55 5.05 6.60 7.02 7.07 7.88 7.99 7.67 6.27 7.45 7.50 6.93 7.16 MnO 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.12 0.12 0.09 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 MgO 3.72 4.15 3.66 3.84 2.38 2.41 2.55 2.27 3.65 3.90 1.79 2.30 2.19 3.27 3.93 3.89 3.61 2.39 3.68 3.79 2.68 2.85 CaO 6.80 7.09 6.77 6.38 6.16 6.03 6.14 5.58 6.75 7.07 5.12 5.87 5.70 6.48 6.78 6.86 6.81 5.04 7.11 7.27 6.18 6.29 NalO 3.36 3.26 3.30 3.10 3.46 3.54 3.56 3.36 3.40 3.24 3.47 3.57 3.74 3.52 3.25 3.35 3.44 3.64 3.34 3.29 3.62 3.73 KIO 1.53 1.44 1.49 1.36 1.81 1.75 1.73 1.72 1.60 1.49 2.13 1.81 1.85 1.67 1.48 1.49 1.56 2.08 1.38 1.34 1.62 1.59 P10, 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.14 0.19 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.17 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 LOI 0.16 -0.20 0.46 1.21 0.56 0.30 0.30 1.12 -0.10 0.23 1.20 0.63 0.30 0.20 0.26 0.20 -0.17 -0.10 -0.37 -0.51 -0.16 -0.35 TOTAL 100.00 99.47 98.97 99.29 99.59 100.00 100.36 99.41 100.09 99.62 99.42 100.37 100.32 100.31 99.00 100.02 99.93 99.29 100.24 99.98 99.83 100.19

Mg# 49.8 51.8 49.4 50.4 39.0 38.4 40.2 41.4 48.4 50.6 41.3 40.8 38.2 47.8 49.7 49.1 48.2 43.0 49.5 50.0 43.4 44.1 FeO"'lMgO 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.8 2.9 2.6 2.5 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.6 2.9 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.9 2.4 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.3

V 195 185 182 170 166 169 170 147 177 177 114 185 175 170 184 192 181 123 181 191 177 178 Cr 76 89 84 56 11 10 13 15 67 63 8 10 6 35 80 88 69 10 15 .14 II 10 Ni 27 27 24 12 7 8 7 7 24 21 5 7 7 18 28 27 23 7 11 10 6 5 Zn 87 76 71 74 86 79 87 76 75 70 78 90 79 71 81 81 78 56 65 70 74 73 Ga 22 19 17 20 22 23 24 25 21 25 18 15 22 21 23 21 25 21 21 22 21 22 Rb 52 50 51 47 67 65 62 68 57 50 80 68 67 59 51 49 51 74 47 45 56 54 Sr 255 257 258 239 255 250 254 246 254 282 261 267 270 245 253 251 254 258 261 262 265 269 Ba 303 291 304 308 353 352 359 350 324 300 454 375 374 333 312 319 313 432 325 321 366 352 La 13 16 8 14 17 16 16 13 21 IS 16 14 16 21 16 14 15 15 19 12 Ce 46 37 30 25 40 51 42 26 41 34 57 32 46 38 48 48 39 32 34 29 42 46 Nd 22 20 14 16 15 23 26 13 18 15 24 17 19 19 19 26 22 13 13 20 18 11 y 26 23 21 18 27 28 32 20 26 20 26 23 25 24 23 30 27 21 23 25 28 22 Zr 119 129 117 110 122 124 126 124 117 105 150 135 141 120 135 115 123 142 134 129 123 125 Nb 6 6 4 4 6 6 6 5 5 4 6 7 5 6 5 7 6 7 6 6 7 5 Pb 9 8 12 8 14 11 15 19 14 10 15 12 11 9 6 11 II II 10 14 13 Th 4 3 3 4 5 5 7 5 4 7 4 6 3 2 6 6

K1Rb 244 239 242 240 224 223 232 210 233 247 221 221 229 235 241 252 254 233 244 247 240 244 KlBa 42 41 41 37 43 41 40 41 41 41 39 40 41 42 39 39 41 40 35 35 37 37 Rb/Sr 0.20 0.19 0.20 0.20 0.26 0.26 0.24 0.28 0.22 0.18 0.31 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.20 0.20 0.20 0.29 0.18 0.17 0.21 0.20 Rb/Zr 0.44 0.39 0.44 0.43 0.55 0.52 0.49 0.55 0.49 0.48 0.53 0.50 0.48 0.49 0.38 0.43 0.41 0.52 0.35 0.35 0.46 0.43 TilZr 36 36 35 38 37 40 39 39 36 39 30 35 36 35 33 39 36 31 35 38 38 39 Volc-strntunit __~~~-=~~~~~ __ ~~~-=~~-=~~ __ ==~~-=~~-=~~ __ ==~ __ ~S~W~O~t_u_re~re~~~==~ __~==~-=~~~~== __ ~==~-=~~~~== __ ~ __ ~ __ ~~-=~~ Sample TG055 TG056 TG057 TG065 TG067 TG069 TG070 TG071 TG072 TG073 TG074 TG075 TG076 TG077 TG078 TG079 TG080 TG081 TG083 TG084 TG085 TG086

SiO, 63.48 60.84 57.88 58.90 61.56 63.33 63.30 58.90 59.29 58.77 57.57 58.57 58.86 57.15 58.61 57.93 59.78 57.28 62.47 58.69 59.38 62.65 TiO, 0.74 0.78 0.73 0.78 0.86 0.73 0.77 0.84 0.88 0.83 0.86 0.82 0.83 0.88 0.88 0.85 0.88 0.80 0.79 0.73 0.78 0.79

AJ,0 3 16.08 17.14 17.35 17.03 17.04 16.52 16.57 17.60 17.85 17.53 17.70 17.78 17.56 17.72 17.70 17.72 17.74 17.88 16.47 16.96 17.30 16.67 Fe,03· 6.13 7.11 7.61 7.45 6.93 6.12 6.28 7.41 7.57 7.25 7.95 7.65 7.57 7.90 7.71 7.86 7.30 7.70 0.77 7.51 7.45 6.65 MnO 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 MgO 2.09 2.89 3.86 3.74 2.68 2.20 2.16 2.96 3.17 2.79 3.38 3.20 3.30 3.29 3.30 3.36 2.71 3.44 2.44 3.86 3.78 2.36 CaO 4.72 6.38 7.31 7.24 6.13 5.14 4.88 6.43 6.71 6.23 6.96 6.70 6.39 6.93 6.84 6.94 6.12 6.94 5.24 7.21 7.12 5.33 Na,O 3.69 3.68 3.26 3.46 3.68 3.65 3.70 3.71 3.80 3.84 3.69 3.72 3.72 3.53 3.71 3.60 3.83 3.53 3.62 3.23 3.28 3.65 K,O 2.17 1.56 1.27 1.33 1.69 2.09 2.14 1.40 1.37 1.45 1.19 1.27 1.41 1.28 1.26 1.28 1.45 1.26 1.96 1.30 1.39 1.95 P,Os 0.17 0.16 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.17 0.19 0.18 0.19 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.14 0.17 LOI -0.05 -0.67 ·0.69 -0.51 -0.47 om -0.31 0.43 -0.65 0.07 -0.03 -0.21 -0.11 ·0.12 -0.67 -0.10 -0.07 -0.12 0.30 -0.18 -0.49 -0.42 TOTAL 99.33 99.99 98.85 99.69 100.38 100.05 99.77 99.99 100.29 99.06 99.59 99.80 99.83 98.86 99.66 99.75 100.05 99.02 100.35 99.57 100.25 99.92

Mg# 40.3 44.6 50.1 49.9 43.4 41.6 40.5 44.2 45.3 43.3 45.7 45.3 46.3 45.2 45.9 45.9 42.4 46.9 41.7 50.4 50.1 41.3 FeO*/MgO 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.8 2.3 2.5 2.6 2.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.4 2.0 2.5 1.8 1.8 2.5

V 112 182 184 182 174 130 III 178 183 158 195 188 193 201 182 184 177 188 125 178 167 131 Cr II II 14 14 10 II 10 9 10 9 II 9 9 II 10 9 9 II 9 .13 14 8 Ni 6 5 9 9 6 5 6 6 8 6 7 10 8 9 7 6 9 5 8 9 5 Zn 54 74 69 71 66 59 54 65 74 67 74 75 70 74 70 74 72 74 61 69 68 62 Ga 20 20 21 20 20 21 20 21 21 22 23 24 21 21 22 22 22 21 23 21 20 22 Rb 79 54 42 45 58 76 75 43 43 47 35 42 44 38 40 40 43 36 67 44 46 70 Sr 249 262 270 266 264 261 259 314 317 310 319 320 309 313 313 313 313 321 269 267 258 276 Ba 430 344 328 314 360 444 436 343 341 344 310 298 332 310 290 293 335 300 403 304 330 410 La 15 13 13 13 13 19 14 15 15 15 16 12 16 13 14 14 16 II 16 14 10 13 Ce 36 38 33 43 36 44 36 39 33 39 30 37 29 31 37 31 31 32 41 43 30 38 Nd 24 17 21 22 24 17 20 23 24 22 II 22 22 19 18 19 21 18 22 16 17 22 y 23 22 22 25 25 28 23 27 27 25 27 24 25 23 25 22 25 25 26 24 23 22 Zr 156 120 136 III 129 149 152 108 107 113 124 118 124 113 123 125 109 113 144 100 117 148 Nb 6 7 5 6 6 8 7 6 6 6 2 6 6 6 8 8 6 8 6 8 Pb 13 14 10 II 19 II 24 10 II 9 8 9 16 9 10 10 14 10 12 Th 8 6 5 10 10 6 8 6 3 6 4 6 2 4 8 4 4 9

KlRb 228 240 251 245 242 228 237 270 264 256 282 251 266 280 261 266 280 290 243 245 251 231 KlBa 42 38 32 35 39 39 41 34 33 35 32 35 35 34 36 36 36 35 40 35 35 39 Rb/Sr 0.32 0.21 0.16 0.17 0.22 0.29 0.29 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.25 0.16 0.18 0.25 Rb/Zr 0.51 0.45 0.31 0.41 0.45 0.51 0.49 0.40 0.40 0.42 0.28 0.36 0.35 0.34 0.33 0.32 0.39 0.32 0.47 0.44 0.39 0.47 TilZr 28 39 32 42 40 29 30 47 49 44 42 42 40 47 43 41 48 42 33 44 40 32 Volc-slrlll unil SW Oturere Sampre --~T=G71~=-~T=G~I=68~~T~G~I~6~9--T=G=1=7=1--=T=G=17=3~~T=G~17=4~T~G~17=5=*--T=G~17=8--=T=G=17=9~~T=G=I=80~~T=G=I=8=2--~T=G=18=3~~T=G=1=84~~T=G=I=9=O--=TG=2=2=8--=T=G=23=0~~T=G=2=32~-T=G=2=3=5--~T=G=23=6~~T=G=2=38~~T=G=2=4=0--~T~G2=7~4

SiOl 62.31 6M2 60.20 59.61 58.76 59.86 61.59 62.00 62.60 65.51 62.69 62.58 63.82 61.99 61.70 61.10 60.33 60.64 58.34 59.32 57.81 59.60

TiOl 0.73 0.81 0.84 0.79 0.84 0.85 0.77 0.83 0.81 0.77 0.80 0.84 0.78 0.78 0.82 0.82 0.82 0.86 0.67 0.71 0.64 0.72 AhO, 16.67 17.02 17.22 17.10 17.71 19.12 18.43 16.80 16.51 16,67 16.43 16.54 16.32 16.48 16.47 17.02 16.91 17.36 17.80 17.51 16.52 16.53 FelO,* 6.06 7.21 6.64 7.48 7.38 6.29 4.64 6.90 6.51 6.69 6.81 6.59 6.25 6.73 6.53 7.24 7.19 6.92 7.16 7.14 7.57 6.71 MnO 0.10 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.12 MgO 2.24 2.59 2.47 2.74 3.14 2.31 2.43 2.39 2.33 2.31 2.42 2,29 2.18 2.31 2.47 2.73 2.86 2.46 4.03 3.78 5.47 4.30 CaO 5.06 5.98 5.71 5.89 6.30 5.59 5.30 5.68 5.46 5.35 5.25 5.43 5,00 5.54 5.57 6.24 6.36 6.03 6.75 7.01 7.08 7.20 NalO 3.47 3.70 3.53 3.67 3.64 3.81 3.86 3.55 3.68 3.63 3.64 3.70 3.71 3.78 3.63 3.41 3.51 3.68 3.23 3.41 2.82 3.22 KlO 1.92 1.62 1.84 1.68 1.32 1.21 1.53 1.87 1.95 1.92 1.96 1.96 2.14 1.89 1.94 1.78 1.70 1.84 1.29 1.33 1.27 1.42 PlOS 0.15 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.19 0.21 0.21 0.17 0.17 0.18 0.17 0.18 0.16 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.15 0.17 0.13 0.14 0.12 0.13 LOI -0.19 -0.43 1.47 0.46 0.08 0.67 -0.64 -0.37 0.35 0,34 0.01 -0.22 -0.06 -0.09 0.11 -0.20 0.30 -0.01 0.96 -0.12 0.88 0.22 TOTAL 98.52 99.25 100.24 99.76 99.47 lOOm 98.22 99.93 100.48 103,48 100.29 100.00 100.40 99.69 99.52 100.41 100.26 100.06 100.49 100.35 100.31 100.17

MglI 42.3 41.6 42.4 42.1 45.7 42.1 50.9 40.7 41.5 40,6 41.3 40.8 40.9 40.5 42.8 42,8 44.1 41.3 52.7 51.2 58.9 55.9 FeO*fMgO 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.1 2.5 1.7 2.6 2,5 2.6 2,5 2,6 2.6 2.6 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.4

V 121 159 164 164 177 269 224 156 137 139 127 142 129 156 145 168 182 178 194 192 211 187 Cr 10 9 9 9 10 10 9 10 10 9 9 13 9 9 10 11 9 46 38 138 78 Ni 5 5 5 6 5 9 5 5 5 5 5 6 4 8 4 7 4 16 . 15 44 18 Zn 70 68 77 62 66 77 86 65 59 64 58 62 64 71 62 79 79 77 78 70 77 75 Ga 19 22 21 20 21 21 20 23 21 20 21 21 22 21 23 21 20 21 21 19 21 22 Rb 70 57 61 55 43 32 38 65 67 67 72 71 77 67 68 63 56 63 44 44 41 52 Sr 268 326 318 324 314 312 298 271 276 276 272 275 255 273 277 251 253 296 323 342 220 229 Ba 441 354 353 346 328 354 320 390 406 420 438 414 452 409 384 438 396 469 334 319 255 286 La 21 15 18 16 15 21 23 14 14 21 21 18 17 22 19 17 14 19 12 12 7 10 Ce 49 38 45 32 32 50 67 35 37 39 44 41 33 48 45 37 48 38 20 28 21 30 Nd 24 15 19 12 13 29 44 21 20 29 to 14 10 17 24 21 25 20 10 10 10 20 y 32 30 28 27 24 45 57 23 23 28 25 25 24 30 27 25 27 29 15 20 15 18 Zr 146 118 122 121 108 112 102 136 147 145 146 143 152 139 124 129 133 145 100 108 119 110 Nb 6 6 7 5 6 6 3 7 6 9 10 6 4 8 5 8 7 7 6 5 Pb 12 11 9 19 9 13 9 10 12 19 13 13 14 16 11 13 14 14 9 9 9 10 Th 9 6 5 3 2 5 6 6 7 6 5 8 6 7 5 6 9 6 4 6 5

KlRb 228 236 250 253 255 314 334 239 242 238 226 229 231 234 237 234 252 242 243 251 257 227 K/Ba 36 38 43 40 33 28 40 40 40 38 37 39 39 38 42 34 36 33 32 35 41 41 Rb/Sr 0.26 0.17 0.19 0.17 0.14 0.10 0.13 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.30 0.25 0.25 0.25 0.22 0.21 0.14 0.13 0.19 0.23 RblZr 0.48 0.48 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.29 0.37 0.48 0.46 0.46 0.49 0.50 0.51 0.48 0.55 0.49 0.42 0.43 0.44 0.41 0.34 0.47 TilZr 30 41 41 39 47 45 45 37 33 32 33 35 31 34 40 38 37 36 40 39 32 39

0\ • TG175 (SW Oturere) also contains 0.21 wt% SO J -0\ Vole-sImI unit._.-:::.SV:.;."II:.;.o::.;(.:.:uf.:.:er"'e_+-______--c:-:-_"-Pu:.;.k.:.-.ek:.;.a:.;.ik_lo_re ___ -___.----:--,-- __-I-----:--:---:::----:----:-:--:------T:.;.U-ffi..;.U-2-----c-,------Sample TG275 TG298 TG150 TGl51 TGl54 TGl55 TGl59 TG265 T0365 TG366 TG367 TG060 T0061 T0062 TG287 TG290 TG291 TG292 TG293C TG294 T0295 TG296

SiO, 59.14 57.61 59.84 60.06 61.30 61.77 60.63 60.55 61.59 61.07 60.57 59.25 62.32 61.13 61.00 60.37 57.60 59.28 59.95 59.16 60.68 59.08 TIO, 0.67 0.65 0.63 0.59 0.59 0.60 0.61 0.62 0.58 0.56 0.59 0.65 0.78 0.87 0.59 0.53 0.65 0.64 0.56 0.56 0.60 0.59 AhO, 16.28 17.16 16.96 16.68 16.20 16.47 16.97 16.45 16.24 16.14 16.Q7 16.26 16.49 16.98 17.23 17.57 16.94 16.51 16.96 17.08 17.09 16.33 Fe,O,* 6.93 7.67 6.80 6.98 6.56 6.26 6.53 6.55 6.52 6.53 6.89 7.08 6.61 6.75 6.64 6.27 7.65 7.45 7.29 7.23 6.15 7.24 MnO 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.13 MgO 4.17 4.16 3.97 4.25 3.91 3.70 3.57 3.76 3.71 3.64 3.56 4.49 2.34 2.39 2.92 2.68 4.33 4.14 3.82 3.82 2.74 3.75 CaO 7.17 6.32 6.84 6.01 6.58 6.43 6.81 6.73 6.62 6.39 6.70 6.67 5.46 5.19 6.45 6.22 7.04 6.89 6.44 6.15 6.02 6.46 NalO 3.00 3.15 3.30 3.21 3.36 3.42 3.48 3.28 3.38 3.34 3.41 3.10 3.68 3.53 3.67 3.61 3.06 3.28 3.28 3.29 3.46 3.30 K,O 1.38 1.16 1.17 1.26 1.35 1.43 1.33 1.31 1.39 1.41 1.41 1.20 1.97 1.83 1.34 1.37 1.02 1.22 1.33 1.27 1.51 1.30 P,05 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.11 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.13 LOI 0.17 1.10 -0.05 0.84 -0.35 0.00 -0.40 -0.20 0.01 0.28 ·0.30 0.76 0.10 0.62 0.27 0.37 1.02 0.24 0.30 1.37 0.50 0.57 TOTAL 99.14 99.22 99.69 100.11 99.73 100.30 99.76 99.28 100.32 99.58 99.14 99.70 100.03 100.17 100041 99.29 99.58 99.90 100.18 100.18 98.99 98.88

Mg# 54.4 51.8 53.6 54.7 54.1 53.9 52.0 53.2 53.0 52.5 50.6 55.7 41.2 41.2 46.6 45.8 52.9 52.4 50.9 51.1 46.9 50.6 FeO*lMgO 1.5 1.7 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.4 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.1 1.6 1.6 L7 1.7 2.0 1.7

V 173 169 156 150 150 142 154 153 147 147 158 140 136 128 126 124 173 166 158 160 137 158 Cr 76 57 43 39 47 39 35 38 50 53 53 69 11 9 32 30 56 53 51 50 21 46 Ni 19 24 13 18 14 14 11 13 15 15 18 21 4 5 16 15 23 22 21 25 11 21 Zn 74 77 65 67 58 58 63 61 61 59 60 60 65 66 70 69 73 66 63 67 61 68 Ga 18 17 20 18 21 21 20 21 23 18 17 20 20 22 20 19 15 20 19 15 15 16 Rb 51 24 28 28 42 46 44 41 44 44 45 37 70 62 41 34 30 39 40 39 53 40 Sr 225 238 284 251 276 283 268 270 256 255 294 261 214 264 291 290 240 232 219 200 256 234 Ba 291 336 341 424 334 340 327 319 327 338 315 285 400 436 344 361 293 298 322 303 370 332 La 14 5 12 12 10 10 12 10 7 12 10 10 15 17 13 13 7 9 9 5 12 Ce 29 18 29 34 29 29 22 24 19 20 28 27 40 29 35 34 21 20 26 19 27 20 Nd 15 10 17 19 10 12 16 18 10 15 14 10 21 17 19 18 13 16 12 10 18 15 y 22 15 19 19 18 20 19 20 17 17 19 22 25 23 22 19 19 19 23 15 19 23 Zr 101 115 114 111 120 98 118 114 108 100 105 86 144 152 118 101 no 104 109 106 101 112 Nb 2 3 5 2 5 5 6 4 3 4 4 5 7 8 5 4 5 2 4 4 5 4 Pb 13 8 9 9 15 10 9 7 6 6 7 11 16 15 8 6 9 3 2 6 9 7 Tb 6 5 4 2 3 6 4 3 2 3 6 7 3 3 3 2

KJRb 225 401 347 373 267 258 251 265 262 266 260 269 234 245 271 334 282 260 276 270 236 270 KlBa 39 29 28 25 34 35 34 34 35 35 37 35 41 35 32 31 29 34 34 35 34 32 RbfSr 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.11 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.26 0.23 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.17 0.18 0.20 0.21 0.17 Rb/Zr 0.50 0.21 0.25 0.25 0.35 0.47 0.31 0.36 0041 0.44 0.43 0.43 0.49 0.41 0.35 0.34 0.27 0.38 0.37 0.37 0.52 0.36 TilZr 40 34 33 32 29 37 31 33 32 34 34 45 32 34 30 31 35 37 31 32 36 32 Volc-stratunit______--,--,-,-,-_-,--,..,.-:-_---,--,-,--_-,-- ___,--- ___T_a_m_a_2 ______---:- ______Sample TG297 TG299 TG300 TG301 TG302 TG303 TG304 TG370 TG371 TG372 TG373 TG374 TG375 TG376 TG377 TG378 TG379 TG380 TG381 TG382 TG383 TG384

SiO, 59.05 56.41 56.55 56.47 61.96 60.94 61.07 60.77 59.32 60.68 59.21 61.49 60.51 60.91 60.97 61.52 61.19 60.28 59.29 59.35 60.18 61.24 no, 0.62 0.68 0.71 0.68 0.76 0.75 0.84 0.56 0.55 0.56 0.56 0.54 0.56 0.54 0.56 0.55 0.60 0.62 0.63 0.63 0.59 0.58

Ah0 3 16.73 18.33 17.96 18.03 16.62 16.22 16.55 16.69 16.33 16.62 16.99 15.77 17.37 17.29 16.33 16.18 16.23 16.50 16.83 16.85 16.14 16.31 Fe,03* 7.53 8.58 8.39 8.17 6.85 6.82 7.09 6.96 6.76 6.84 7.36 6.50 6.34 6.39 6.92 6.59 6.79 6.92 6.91 7.62 6.73 6.77 MnO 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.13 0.1 I 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.12 MgO 4.00 4.03 4.13 4.37 2.39 2.37 2.13 3.45 3.57 3.41 3.49 3.82 2.75 2.55 3.77 3.61 3.80 3.74 3.55 3.88 3.59 3.67 CaO 6.69 8.02 7.72 7.68 5.56 5.25 5.30 6.65 6.58 6.53 6.85 6.34 6.25 5.96 6.65 6.46 6.49 6.44 6.68 7.03 6.23 6.51 Na,O 3.33 3.40 3.41 3.29 3.62 3.54 3.74 3.44 3.30 3.40 3.45 3.26 3.56 3.66 3.45 3.42 3.26 3.33 3.37 3.43 3.35 3.46 K,O 1.21 0.78 0.93 0.85 1.90 1.90 1.74 1.34 1.30 1.39 1.19 1.43 1.45 1.45 1.33 1.42 1.40 1.35 1.44 1.21 1.38 1.40 P,Os 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.16 0.17 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.13 LOI 0.33 -0.03 0.03 0.17 0.17 0.46 0.23 0.20 0.69 0.64 0.00 0.27 0.50 0.56 0.07 -0.03 0.10 0.34 -0.33 -0.07 0.36 0.06 TOTAL 99.74 100.47 100.12 99.96 100.11 98.53 98.99 100.31 98.66 100.3 I 99.34 99.65 99.58 99.61 100.30 99.95 100.10 99.79 98.62 100.18 98.79 100.25

Mg# 51.3 48.2 49.4 51.4 40.9 40.8 37.3 49.5 51.1 49.7 48.4 53.8 46.2 44.1 51.9 52.0 52.6 51.7 50.4 50.2 51.4 51.8 FeO*/MgO 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.7 2.6 2.6 3.0 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.5 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.7

V 163 197 192 195 148 142 150 160 151 156 166 151 130 119 144 150 152 162 162 181 146 145 Cr 49 16 25 42 9 7 7 41 42 44 26 66 30 29 66 68 69 53 39 40 60 58 Ni 21 13 16 22 8 7 6 20 18 19 19 17 16 14 23 24 24 19 18 22 22 21 Zn 68 78 76 68 65 64 66 65 66 63 71 57 75 69 67 64 64 68 58 64 63 64 Ga 17 19 20 17 19 18 21 17 19 20 20 19 18 21 21 19 17 20 17 19 18 19 Rb 36 21 25 24 66 68 60 42 42 44 38 46 44 46 43 45 45 39 47 38 43 43 Sr 219 249 270 244 274 268 267 227 229 225 215 235 296 281 247 254 253 288 301 229 243 242 Ba 290 198 222 196 376 393 375 326 307 324 282 344 346 361 325 336 323 318 333 310 340 337 La 5 5 9 7 17 14 13 \0 8 11 8 13 17 13 7 \0 9 \0 16 8 7 11 Ce 23 10 20 24 48 37 31 30 25 24 24 33 32 37 20 27 23 32 27 19 24 24 Nd 10 10 20 10 17 17 16 15 10 20 13 10 21 12 11 15 11 11 11 10 10 17 y 20 20 21 22 23 21 24 21 22 25 22 17 23 22 21 19 17 18 19 21 22 22 Zr 104 75 93 78 139 136 128 III 108 109 97 112 108 97 114 118 \07 119 98 101 114 115 Nb 4 3 4 3 5 5 6 3 2 4 3 5 4 2 2 3 5 4 5 5 4 Pb 6 \0 6 10 11 \0 7 6 8 7 10 9 \0 6 7 7 7 7 Th 4 7 2 2 I 3 4 4 2 3 3

KlRb 279 308 309 294 239 232 241 265 257 262 260 258 273 262 257 262 258 287 254 264 266 270 KlBa 35 33 35 36 42 40 39 34 35 36 35 34 35 33 34 35 36 35 36 32 34 34 Rb/Sr 0.16 0.08 0.09 0.10 0.24 0.25 0.22 0.19 0.18 0.20 0.18 0.20 0.15 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 0.14 0.16 0.17 0.18 0.18 Rb/Zr 0.35 0.28 0.27 0.31 0.47 0.50 0.47 0.38 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.41 0.41 0.47 0.38 0.38 0.42 0.33 0.48 0.38 0.38 0.37 TilZr 36 54 46 52 33 33 39 30 31 31 35 29 31 33 29 28 34 31 39 37 31 30 >-' 0\ 00 Volc-stratunit______.,.,-----,=--,T_a_m_a_2-::-:-::- __-::-::--_----,_--=~----,-,-- __----+------...... :N.;:E:..O.:..t:..u:..:re.:..re~------Sample TG385 TG386 TG387 TG388 TG389 TG390 TG391 TG392 TG393 TG394 TG395 TG403 Tnl44

SiO, 61.23 60.92 60.35 56.98 58.68 60.54 61.47 61.26 60.77 61.11 56.02 57.53 59.22 63.01 59.88 59.98 59.56 59.13 59.73 59.46 58.97 61.11 TiO, 0.58 0.54 0.57 0.71 0.60 0.60 0.54 0.61 0.61 0.65 0.66 0.62 0.60 0.53 0.64 0.60 0.68 0.68 0.71 0.68 0.70 0.52 AhO, 17.48 17.35 17.30 18.49 16.32 16.38 17.23 17.34 17.54 17.46 17.53 18.16 18.66 16.74 16.82 17.23 16.95 17.25 17.18 17.05 16.99 16.51 Fe,O,· 6.32 6.37 6.29 7.61 7.38 7.15 6.22 6.42 6.45 6.54 8.50 7.81 5.84 5.09 6.81 6.92 7.30 7.33 7.34 7.15 7.18 6.24 MnO 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.15 0.13 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 MgO 2.62 2.85 2.66 4.01 4.20 3.89 2.75 2.79 2.83 2.88 4.22 3.69 2.71 2.45 3.61 3.72 3.49 3.61 3.65 3.49 3.52 4.27 CaO 6.25 6.15 5.87 7.72 6.76 6.88 6.17 5.47 5.44 5.78 7.95 7.31 5.23 5.24 6.82 6.93 6.92 6.46 6.77 6.92 6.91 6.72 Na,O 3.58 3.52 3.55 3.36 3.16 3.40 3.47 3.46 3.44 3.48 3.27 3.36 3.31 3.63 3.46 3.50 3.43 3.32 3.35 3.35 3.36 3.35 K,O 1.44 1.39 1.44 1.00 1.21 1.28 1.52 1.57 1.59 1.55 0.87 0.93 1.44 1.66 1.21 1.25 1.33 1.33 1.34 1.35 1.33 1.16 P,05 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.10 LOI 0.27 0.44 0.58 0.26 0.16 0.D3 0.03 0.71 0.83 0.40 0.17 0.20 2.93 1.46 -0.49 -0.37 -0.10 0.44 -0.21 -0.37 -0.26 -0.30 TOTAL 100.07 99.84 98.91 100.41 98.72 100.40 99.64 99.88 99.73 100.10 99.48 99.88 100.18 100.02 99.00 100.01 99.83 99.81 100.13 99.35 98.96 99.79

Mg# 45.1 47.0 45.6 51.1 53.0 51.9 46.7 46.3 46.5 46.6 49.6 48.3 47.9 48.8 51.2 51.6 48.6 49.4 49.6 49.2 49.3 57.5 FeO*/MgO 2.2 2.0 2.1 1.7 1.6 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.3

V 143 153 124 185 166 164 134 157 146 147 223 165 127 111 161 160 149 173 159 149 154 145 Cr 28 28 28 16 79 72 20 23 22 21 43 19 39 33 22 21 23 22 23 .24 25 63 Ni 14 15 15 9 25 24 10 11 11 10 19 13 12 11 12 14 13 14 15 13 14 27 Zn 63 68 67 70 70 68 56 63 65 58 83 75 65 70 59 58 61 65 66 61 64 58 Ga 19 20 19 20 17 18 19 19 16 16 18 20 14 16 22 20 21 21 20 19 20 20 Rb 43 38 46 28 40 38 51 53 54 55 24 24 49 58 33 38 40 41 42 41 40 30 Sr 306 293 301 277 261 243 246 216 230 229 278 254 239 245 259 258 260 264 265 261 259 231 Sa 367 355 352 335 299 310 376 390 386 409 220 228 561 421 291 304 312 316 322 318 312 319 La 12 10 8 12 14 10 11 15 8 16 8 6 16 13 13 10 12 12 11 14 13 Ce 32 28 27 27 26 24 29 33 23 37 29 21 42 25 22 25 32 19 24 28 24 18 Nd 18 12 16 15 10 13 16 14 13 16 10 10 15 13 10 16 22 11 14 17 16 19 y 21 20 18 18 22 21 20 21 16 25 21 19 21 19 21 20 27 23 21 27 21 15 Zr 101 98 102 99 101 109 109 106 110 106 78 87 120 105 114 101 110 124 128 129 107 116 Nb 3 4 4 5 2 3 4 4 5 4 2 3 6 2 6 4 6 6 5 Pb 8 10 11 9 4 6 7 8 6 7 14 12 15 10 8 6 9 9 8 9 12 Th 2 2 2 7 6 2 4 4 2 2 6 6

KlRb 278 304 260 296 251 280 247 246 244 234 301 322 244 237 304 273 276 269 265 273 276 321 KlBa 33 32 34 25 34 34 34 33 34 31 33 34 21 33 35 34 35 35 35 35 35 30 Rb/Sr 0.14 0.13 0.15 0.10 0.15 0.16 0.21 0.25 0.23 0.24 0.09 0.09 0.21 0.24 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.16 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.13 Rb/Zr 0.43 0.39 0.45 0.28 0.40 0.35 0.47 0.50 0.49 0.52 0.31 0.28 0.41 0.55 0.29 0.38 0.36 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.26 TilZr 34 33 34 43 36 33 30 34 33 37 51 43 30 30 34 36 37 33 33 32 39 27 T0097 T009S T0099 TOIOO TOl21 TOl22

SiO, 60.29 61.04 60.44 60.02 61.17 62.16 60.36 55.42 57.77 57.57 57.13 57.49 61.70 59.70 56.35 57.54 56.96 57.69 57.37 57.93 57.73 58.83 TiO, 0.53 0.62 0.56 0.60 0.65 0.56 0.56 0.63 0.68 0.67 0.63 0.67 0.56 0.75 0.68 0.67 0.62 0.68 0.65 0.70 0.65 0.62 AI,O, 16.53 17.14 16.56 16.54 17.07 16.28 16.54 14.38 15.45 15.21 15.Q7 15.08 16.23 16.61 15.01 15.22 15.36 15.02 15.09 15.54 15.09 16.18 Fe,O,* 6.56 6.44 6.62 6.72 6.45 5.98 6.44 7.30 7.60 7.48 7.57 7.40 6.00 7.41 7.76 7.68 7.06 7.66 7.50 7.29 7.40 6.74 MnO 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.10 0.16 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.13 MgO 4.IS 3.73 4.22 4.48 3.70 3.54 4.44 6.51 6.12 6.26 6.55 6.26 3.72 3.73 7.12 6.05 6.04 6.30 6.32 5.61 5.82 5.46 CaO 7.05 6.74 7.11 7.02 6.68 6.46 7.17 8.03 8.42 8.25 8.29 8.24 6.69 6.59 8.72 8.29 7.94 8.09 8.07 8.19 8.18 7.44 Na,O 3.37 3.47 3.41 3.32 3.46 3.39 3.30 2.64 2.82 2.92 2.78 2.84 3.32 3.21 2.65 2.80 2.79 2.86 2.81 2.85 2.74 3.04 K,O 1.12 1.24 1.09 1.17 1.26 1.38 1.20 L08 1.09 1.15 1.12 1.12 1.22 1.67 0.99 1.05 1.16 1.11 1.12 1.21 1.23 1.37 P,O, 0.11 0.12 0.10 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.11 0.16 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 LOI 0.05 -0.53 -0.20 0.12 -0.31 -0.28 0.08 3.42 0.09 0.12 -0.11 0040 0.60 0.00 0.83 0.78 0.32 0.66 0.58 0.66 0.45 0.11 TOTAL 99.90 100.12 100.02 100.21 100.35 99.68 100.30 99.67 100.30 99.89 99.29 99.77 100.25 99.99 100.38 100.37 98.51 100.35 99.80 100.24 99.55 100.05

Mg# 55.8 53.4 55.8 56.9 53.2 54.0 57.7 63.9 61.5 62.4 63.2 62.6 55.1 49.9 64.5 60.9 62.9 62.0 62.5 60.4 60.9 61.6 FeO*/MgO 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.3 1.0 l.l 1.1 1.0 1.1 1.5 1.8 1.0 1.1 I.l 1.I 1.I 1.2 1.1 1.1

V 160 145 162 175 148 169 171 185 191 186 189 190 162 181 186 186 192 189 192 191 191 169 Cr 50 36 46 61 35 54 73 207 174 175 200 169 82 34 260 208 175 174 167 134 164 142 Nl 22 19 20 23 19 20 24 52 42 40 52 43 32 23 53 47 37 51 55 27 27 38 Zn 59 64 58 58 60 68 59 66 69 67 72 71 77 68 71 82 74 72 71 72 71 100 Ga 20 21 21 20 20 21 20 20 20 19 18 20 19 19 21 23 20 18 20 19 21 20 Rb 36 39 30 37 38 45 40 35 34 36 33 35 40 58 31 34 35 32 33 35 39 51 Sr 242 252 247 242 244 230 241 326 339 335 330 344 225 256 326 327 334 347 335 401 408 344 Sa 291 320 274 308 304 326 321 238 251 267 236 252 287 340 220 242 257 231 226 244 239 297 La 9 9 9 10 10 11 11 15 14 11 14 11 16 II 11 15 11 14 14 II 12 Ce 23 20 20 23 19 32 21 31 34 24 31 30 20 31 26 30 39 30 33 35 30 33 Nd 11 17 12 10 10 12 20 16 18 15 23 20 20 15 16 21 30 10 12 12 13 20 y 21 20 18 21 18 23 20 19 18 21 18 20 25 26 16 22 34 19 23 21 19 23 Zr 107 108 97 108 106 107 112 112 116 116 113 114 113 121 108 111 86 111 III 1\3 93 102 Nb 3 5 5 6 5 4 5 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 4 5 6 5 6 4 4 6 Pb 10 7 7 7 7 8 11 8 14 9 9 8 11 12 8 7 11 8 7 12 Th 3 I 2 7 2 3 3 6 2 5 6 4 2 6 2 5 5

KlRb 258 264 301 262 275 254 249 256 266 265 282 266 253 239 265 256 275 288 282 287 . 262 223 KlBa 32 32 33 32 34 35 31 38 36 36 39 37 35 41 37 36 37 40 41 41 43 38 Rb/Sr 0.15 0.15 0.12 0.15 0.16 0.20 0.17 0.11 0.10 0.11 0.10 0.10 0.18 0.23 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.09 0.10 0.15 RblZr 0.34 0.36 0.31 0.34 0.36 0.42 0.36 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.29 0.31 0.35 0.48 0.29 0.31 0.41 0.29 0.30 0.31 0.42 0.50 TilZr 30 34 35 33 37 31 30 34 35 35 33 35 30 37 38 36 43 37 35 37 42 36 Volc-slratunil._-:-:-:---:c:c:_---::-:c::-_-==-:--_-==-:c:-::-_=:-:::-_::=-::---:=-:-:-:...:N.::E~O::;lu::re:::r::..e_::=::-:--::=-=----==-=:=_==_==_---::--cc-=---=::-:+--=-=-=-=--_T:..:a:::m::a,:I __--l Sample TG123 T0221 T0222 T0226 T0227 T0242 T0244 T0250 T025 I T0253 T0255 T0256 T0261 T0400 T0401 T0028 TG136 Tn89

SiO, 58.23 58.19 57.55 58.11 58.44 57.91 57.34 58.98 56.95 58.40 58.79 57.97 58.85 57.99 58.60 59.46 60.67 62.60 no, 0.66 0.73 0.77 0.72 0.65 0.68 0.68 0.66 0.72 0.66 0.68 0.65 0.67 0.65 0.65 0.63 0.52 0.42 AhO, 16.77 17.25 16.92 16.14 15.39 16043 15.73 16.00 17.27 16.44 15.94 16.33 16.19 15.52 15.46 17.20 17.34 17.37 Fe,O,* 6.73 7.69 7.99 7.35 7047 7.19 7.17 7.38 7.70 7.09 7.17 7.47 7.25 7.50 7.24 7.11 6.49 5.58 MnO 0.11 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.10 MgO 5.28 4.12 4.21 5.12 5.81 5.14 5.59 5.18 5,47 4.93 5.52 5.68 533 6.00 5.52 3.67 3.78 2.81 CaO 7.09 7.08 7.52 7.31 8.13 7.24 7.16 7.31 7.57 7.13 7.60 7.51 7.39 8.28 8.04 6.50 6.49 5.76 Na,O 2.93 3.05 3.08 3.15 2.95 3.06 2.87 120 3.11 2.96 3.09 3.09 3.18 2.88 2.92 3.28 3.42 3.84 K,O 1.28 1.32 1.32 1.44 L19 1.31 1.36 1.46 1.01 1.20 1.27 L17 1.36 1.14 1.19 lAO 1.09 1.16 P,Os 0.11 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.12 0.13 0.12 I,QI 0.95 0.42 -0.10 0.30 -0.03 0.62 0.96 -0.23 0.40 0.75 0.Q2 0.06 -0.20 0.00 0.13 0.29 0.23 0.36 TOTAL 100.14 100.13 99.54 99.91 100.26 99.82 99.11 100.21 100.47 99.81 100.32 100.18 100.26 100.24 100.oz 99.78 100.28 100.12

Mg# 60.8 51.5 51.1 58.0 60.6 58.6 60.7 58.2 58.5 57.9 6004 60.1 59.3 61.3 60.2 50.6 53.6 49.9 FeO*/MgO 1.1 L7 1.7 1.3 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.3 L3 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.5 1.8

V 197 218 224 185 193 184 187 179 193 180 175 172 178 189 189 154 169 112 Cr 152 27 31 129 151 138 169 127 143 139 170 139 151 225 153 25 57 43 Ni 43 7 11 37 38 39 48 37 39 37 52 46 49 46 33 11 20 21 Zn 78 89 81 73 79 77 80 71 79 71 69 66 71 68 91 68 67 61 Ga 22 20 22 21 20 21 19 20 20 20 21 20 21 15 17 20 21 20 Rb 46 47 45 45 35 44 46 49 32 47 44 38 44 33 39 48 33 38 Sr 347 263 262 323 396 335 343 325 372 334 329 332 323 337 398 248 255 255 Sa 304 294 296 286 314 297 278 281 313 296 299 313 266 234 173 355 294 338 La 16 11 13 13 13 13 12 II 17 15 14 12 15 12 14 10 8 Ce 34 34 31 42 33 30 33 33 41 28 21 33 49 30 34 30 23 13 Nd 21 17 20 20 21 12 16 19 22 24 14 13 27 16 24 10 10 10 y 24 21 24 24 26 21 19 20 26 21 20 20 31 17 23 18 18 10 Zr 98 118 127 122 118 107 109 121 107 105 98 108 123 105 96 95 96 93 Nb 6 7 3 3 6 5 6 3 5 6 7 5 2 5 4 5 4 2 Pb 7 13 10 9 10 12 11 14 10 9 9 7 5 11 11 12 Th 7 7 5 4 5 6 4 5 6 3 5 3 3 2 I 3

KlRb 231 233 243 266 282 247 245 247 262 212 240 255 256 287 253 242 274 253 K/Ba 35 37 37 42 31 37 41 43 27 34 35 31 42 40 57 33 31 28 Rb/Sr 0.13 0.18 0.17 0.14 0.09 0.13 0.13 0.15 0.09 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.10 0.10 0.19 0.13 0.15 RblZr 0.47 0.40 0,35 0,37 0.30 0041 0.42 0040 0.30 0.45 0,45 0.35 0.36 0.31 0.41 0.51 0.34 0.41 TilZr 40 37 36 35 33 38 37 33 40 38 42 36 33 37 41 40 32 27 CIPW Normative Compositions 172

APPENDIX 11 CIPW NORMATIVE COMPOSITIONS

CIPW norms of Tongariro rocks were calculated using a subroutine of the PetMin computer programme (see Appendix 9 for description ofPetMin), and are presented in the following table. Samples are listed by volcano-stratigraphic unit in the same order as for

Appendix 10. An oxidation ratio of Fe20/FeO = 0.3 was used in the calculations. Normative compositions are not a central focus of Tongariro petrological investigations, and are tabulated here principally for general reference. Vole-strat unit Ngauruhoe Sample TGOOI TG002 TG003 TOOO4 T0005 TG007 TG008 T0009 TGOIO TOOll T0012 T0013 T0014 TG015 T0016 TOO 17 TOOl8 T0019 T0020 T0021 TG022 TG023 Lava group 3B IB IB 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B IB 3B IB IB IB 1A IB IB 3B 1B 3B 3B 3B

Q 7.22 6.86 8.83 7.24 9.08 8.08 10.42 9.01 10.59 7.63 8.43 8.05 8.40 7.42 5.56 7.68 7.86 10.07 7.62 9.22 9.42 8.18 or 6.61 7.17 5.95 6.51 6.87 6.41 7.64 6.65 7.92 5.78 6.43 5.61 5.58 5.40 6.31 5.52 5.74 7.43 5.77 6.69 7.08 6.48 ab 23.90 29.76 25.90 23.32 25.24 23.97 26.18 26.04 25.83 26.79 26.34 26.55 26.74 26.38 27.70 26.17 27.00 24.51 27.38 25.62 25.22 24.03 an 28.90 30.45 31.09 29.33 30.55 29.03 29.34 30.55 29.32 32.15 28.42 31.90 31.89 33.05 30.31 32.56 31.61 29.86 31.44 30.12 29.54 30.35 C di 10.30 5.63 6.97 10.17 3.95 8.97 5.23 6.44 4.95 6.45 7.76 7.28 6.70 7.05 6.93 7.03 6.79 6.28 7.10 6.90 6.97 7.81 hy 17.44 14.03 15.39 17.74 19.14 18.14 15.71 15.75 16.09 15.39 16.92 14.80 14.63 14.89 17.01 15.11 15.16 16.48 14.83 16.03 16.43 17.67 mt 3.11 2.99 3.18 3.14 2.87 3.10 2.89 2.97 2.93 3.23 3.12 3.18 3.23 3.20 3.21 3.23 3.20 2.90 3.23 3.02 2.89 3.03 i1 1.46 1.92 1.65 1.48 1.33 1.26 1.63 1.61 1.38 1.52 1.S7 1.58 1.77 1.56 1.80 1.64 1.60 1.47 1.59 1.38 1.45 1.46 ap 0.37 0.51 0.32 0.37 0.33 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.35 0,46 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.32

V ole-strat unit Ngauruhoe Sample T0024 TG025 TG026 TG038 TG039 TG040 TG041 TG042 TG043 TG044 TG045 TG156 TG157 TGI58 TG161 TG162 TG163 TGI64 TGI81 TGIS5 TG186 TGI87 Lava group 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B IB 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B IB 3B IA IA IA IA IA IA IA

Q 7.98 8.00 9.75 7.85 7.67 8.11 8.10 8.13 8.30 8.33 7.91 9.51 8.24 7.90 10.81 6.18 7.34 6.12 6.48 6.54 6.59 6.01 or 6.52 6.60 7.32 6.46 6.52 5.70 6.44 6.65 6.58 6.59 6.48 6.63 6.56 5.82 7.81 6.46 6,40 6.28 6.27 6,46 6.36 6.34 ab 24.23 23.76 26.17 24.05 23.91 26.07 23.83 24.47 24.23 24.24 23.70 24.87 25.81 27.59 27.16 27.93 26.08 27.57 26.67 27.31 27.99 27.16 an 30.Q7 30.89 29.25 29.95 29.96 31.92 30.16 29.70 29.90 29.81 30.40 30.20 30.04 31.04 28.55 29.73 30.77 29.97 30.70 30.17 29.54 30.76 C di 8.26 8.02 6.92 8.33 8.66 6.72 8.30 8.35 8.31 8.37 8.31 7.36 7.73 7.49 5.89 7.25 6.44 7.51 6.96 7.18 7.26 6.97 hy 17.58 17.34 15.44 17.85 17.76 15.49 17.75 17.33 17.34 17.16 17.82 16.00 16.21 14.19 14.58 16.39 16.87 16.57 16.93 16.36 16.27 16.79 mt 3.03 2.99 2.78 3.07 3.06 3.28 3.04 3.00 3.00 3.01 3.04 2.84 2.86 3.17 2.70 3.10 3.12 3.11 3.11 3.08 3.07 3.10 il 1.34 1.40 1.39 1.43 1.44 1.66 1.38 1.39 1.34 1,49 1.33 1.60 1.60 1.76 1.53 U5 1.87 1.77 1.77 1.81 1.81 1.75 ap 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.37 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0.41 0,42 0.42 Vole-stmt unit Ngauruhoe Sample TGl89 TG205 TG206 TG207 TG24 1 TG266 TG277 TG278 TG283 TG284 TG285 TG286 TG288 TG289 TG305 TG359 TG360 TG361 TG362 TG363 TG364 TG368 Lava group IA 2 2 3A 3B lA lB IB 3A 3A 3A 2 3A 3A lA IB 3B 3B 3B IB IB 3A

Q 3.63 11.13 11.22 8.98 10.53 5.70 7.36 7.78 9.75 10.26 9.70 10.98 8.69 10.78 4.90 8.47 9.51 9.11 10.11 8.01 7.25 9.55 or 5.79 8.54 7.89 7.60 7.34 6.38 5.60 5.56 7.79 7.90 7.91 8.03 7.50 8.06 6.05 5.95 6.69 6.59 7.66 5.85 7.25 7.65 ab 30.20 30.47 28.50 27.84 27.74 28.74 26.92 27.61 27.28 26.69 26.98 29.32 26.80 27.80 28.45 26.39 25.51 25.46 27.41 27.69 29.70 26.72 an 28.69 31.55 29.58 26.29 29.93 29.55 32.23 30.62 25.93 25.93 25.79 29.62 26.14 26.26 30.12 31.59 30.22 30.56 28.81 30.47 30.27 26.09 C di 9.08 3.46 5.07 8.07 5.81 7.33 7.06 7.91 8.76 8.45 9.01 5.08 9.07 7.48 7.75 6.44 6.64 6.67 6.11 7.61 5.26 9.37 hy 16.38 9.93 12.69 16.19 13.63 16.01 14.92 14.71 15.46 15.79 15.67 11.97 16.77 14.69 16.46 15.13 15.85 16.14 14.65 14.41 14.35 15.57 mt 3.18 2.38 2.63 2.68 2.60 3.14 3.21 3.22 2.72 2.70 2.71 2.60 2.76 2.65 3.22 3.28 3.12 3.03 2.81 3.25 2.97 2.78 it 1.84 1.62 1.48 1.40 1.47 1.99 1.65 1.56 1.38 1.33 1.32 1.46 1.33 1.34 1.87 1.70 1.45 1.44 1.44 1.63 1.80 1.32 ap 0.49 0.40 0.37 0.35 0.37 0.46 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.33 0,37 0.32 0.35 0.46 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.38 0.35 0.49 0.32

Vole-steat unit Ngauruhoo Sample TG369 TG405 TG406 TG411 TG412 TG413 TG500 TG501 TG502 TG503 TGS04 TG505 TG506 TG507 TG508 TG509 TG510 TG511 TG512 TG513 TG520 TG52 I Lava group 3A 3B 38 38 38 38 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 3B 2 38 3B 38 3B 2 3A 3A

Q 9.64 11.35 10.00 8.69 8.79 8.71 8.82 10.15 9.62 7.13 9.70 8.72 10.40 8.62 11.04 9.13 10.09 10.18 10.36 11.05 9.87 8.96 or 7.70 7.97 6.67 6.66 6.48 6.30 7.22 7.83 7.86 7.80 7.83 7.13 7.79 7.24 8.47 7.33 7.90 7.86 7.79 7.97 7.77 7.45 ab 26.85 26.29 23.80 24.21 23.83 24.18 26.13 27.34 28.00 31.92 27.82 26.33 26.87 26.65 29.78 25.81 27.27 27.35 26.87 28.47 26.81 26.42 an 25.99 29.15 30.31 30.73 30.06 30.43 29.10 28.90 28.74 26.60 28.80 29.00 29.08 28.50 31.89 29.61 29.63 29.29 29.45 30.42 26.56 26.91 C di 9.20 4.70 5.25 5.79 7.74 7.53 6.96 5.81 5.83 7.71 6.01 6.89 5.36 7.45 3.44 6.20 4.91 5.12 5.37 4.08 8.05 7.85 hy 15.58 15.19 18.57 18.52 17.70 17.47 16.43 14.61 14.65 13.60 14.52 16.51 15.07 16.09 10.41 16.63 14.90 14.93 14.82 12.93 15.85 17.36 mt 2.75 2.81 3.02 2.97 3.01 3.03 2.96 2.78 2.77 2.75 2.76 2.95 2.78 2.96 2.41 2.96 2.73 2.74 2.75 2.63 2.73 2.75 il 1.36 1.52 1.38 1.43 1.39 1.36 1.40 1.60 1.54 1.51 1.57 1.48 1.65 1.50 1.62 1.33 1.59 1.54 1.61 1.50 1.42 1.35 ap 0.32 0.39 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.32 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.32 0.37 0.32 0.39 0.35 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.32 Volc-strat unit Ngauruhoe South Crater Red Crater Sample TG522 TG523 TG524 TG525 TG526 TG527 TG528 TG529 P9997 P39851 P39864 P40674 T0276 TG053 TG081 TG088 TG089 TG090 TG112 TGll3 TGl26 TOl21 Lava group 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 3A 38 3B 38 3B 3B Pre-1.8ka Pre-LSka Pre-LSka Pre-I.Ska Pre-LSka Post-I.Ska Pre-1.8ka Post-t8ka Post-I.Ska

Q 9.15 10.11 9.25 10.29 9.60 9.63 9.49 8.49 9.36 8.69 7.87 8.52 10.33 12.92 13.60 12.31 13.22 13.28 3.60 14.49 4.08 4.26 Or 7.60 7.79 7.60 7.60 7.70 HI 7.58 6.55 7.27 6.13 6.05 6.64 7.69 9.47 9.51 8.10 9.31 9.66 3.69 10.22 4.23 3.95 ab 26.57 26.19 26.74 25.89 26.86 26.83 26.84 26.21 26.15 23.64 25.15 26.66 27.00 26.68 26.97 26.60 26.14 27.42 20.40 27.60 21.21 21.10 an 26.34 27.03 26.44 26.91 26.32 27.05 26.56 29.57 28.94 31.44 30.89 29.77 29.27 25.29 26.36 26.44 25.06 24.40 29.16 24.12 29.03 28.61 C di 9.10 7.72 S.90 8.36 8.61 7.30 8.45 7.68 6.90 7.11 7.64 6.97 5.63 7.10 5.45 7.03 6.88 7.31 17.51 6.14 16.21 17.21 hy 16.13 16.09 16.01 15.93 15.89 16.37 15.98 16.13 15.90 11.53 16.79 15.78 14.81 13.93 13.39 14.1S 14.11 13.21 19.96 12.94 19.60 19.18 mt 2.17 2.72 2.75 2.73 2.72 2.69 2.74 2.90 2.94 3.09 3.09 3.05 2.74 2.43 2.40 2049 2.45 2.38 3.29 2.32 3.23 3.24 il 1.40 1.40 1.38 1.38 1.36 lAO 1.44 1.48 1.54 1.36 1.51 1.60 1.55 1.31 1.46 1.38 1.36 1.49 1.36 1.32 1.38 1.44 ap 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.37 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.30

Vole-strat unit Red Crater TamaLakes Te Marl Craters Sample TGI28 TG129 TG130 TGI31 TG132 TG133 TGI34 TGI35 TG342 TG343 TG033 TG034 TG137 Tnl41a TG027 TG281 TG282 TG345 TG346 TG347 TG348 TG349 Lava group Post-1.8ka Post-1.Ska Post-1.8ka Post-I.Ska Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka Post-1.8ka Post-1.8ka

Q 3.98 4.15 3.63 4.04 11.94 12.32 12.84 14.50 3.48 3.06 9.16 10.66 8.16 23.00 13.46 11.53 12.70 12.93 12.97 10.26 14.23 13.96 Or 3.80 3.93 4.01 3.94 9.04 9.15 8.98 10.52 3.94 4.19 8.67 8.68 7.19 11.42 8.98 8.98 9.67 8.92 8.87 6.96 9.64 9.22 ab 20.36 20.64 20.93 20.78 27.51 26.87 26.23 28.01 21.36 22.32 2S.45 27.39 25.43 34.96 28.08 26.65 28.97 28.68 28.18 21.94 28.11 2S.53 an 28.91 28.89 29.00 28.63 26.14 26.66 25.31 23.49 28.30 27.26 29.80 29.98 30.56 19.02 25.98 27.16 25.39 25.48 25.43 27.88 26.23 25.47 C 2.36 di 17.28 16.84 16.79 17.07 7.00 6.37 7.85 6.36 17.70 18.36 4.54 4.58 7.14 0.00 5.39 6.57 5.83 6.00 6.21 7.53 4.22 5.06 hy 19.99 19.98 19.94 19.90 13.72 13.90 14.11 12.68 19.53 19.08 13.37 13.33 15.78 6.51 13.46 14.05 12.68 13.14 12.84 14.49 12.84 13.05 mt 3.28 3.24 3.27 3.27 2.48 2047 2.46 2.30 3.34 3.35 2.79 2.80 2.85 1.31 2.47 2.60 2.43 2.54 2.57 2.59 2.55 2.51 il 1.35 1.30 1.42 1.34 1.29 1.38 1.33 1.29 1.32 1.35 1.65 1.59 1.37 0.74 1.29 1.54 1.46 1.41 1.44 1.40 1.30 1.29 ap 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.30 0.30 0.35 0.37 0.30 0.38 0.32 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.37 0.33 0.35 Vole-strat unit Te Mari Craters Young SW Oturere Young Pukekaikiore North Crater Sample TG350 TG35 I TGJ65 TG166 TGl76 TG152 TG153 TGl92 TG193 TGl94 TGl96 TG197 TGI98 TGJ99 TG200 TG201 TG202 TG203 TG204 TG306 TG307 TG308 Lava group

Q 12.82 13.40 7.30 8.55 9.83 10.28 10.15 12.17 12.66 12.69 12.38 12.73 12.41 13.04 12.00 11.83 12.56 12.81 12.20 13.73 9.15 8.31 or 8.75 8.87 5.89 5.79 8.60 5.28 5.24 8.83 8.85 9.01 8.54 8.83 8.75 9.06 8.89 8.80 8.69 8.88 8.75 lOAO 8.28 7.59 ab 28.96 28.96 22.59 21.30 29.46 20.12 20.98 26.47 26.37 25.98 27.42 27.81 27.95 27.72 26.22 28.25 27.65 27.63 25.49 28.32 25.66 24.47 an 26.63 26.25 29.08 29.26 28.23 26.64 26.52 25.26 25.72 26.72 27.73 27.58 27.55 25.84 25.38 27.91 27.85 27.81 25.54 26.57 26.24 25.96 C dl 5.05 4.84 11.36 11.34 5.18 14.96 14.69 7.82 6.96 4.28 454 4.26 4.53 6.05 6.68 4.32 4.24 3.96 6.73 2.71 8.95 10.20 by 12.75 12.69 18.42 18.60 13.25 18.12 17.73 14.71 14.82 16.49 14.55 14.02 13.99 13.54 16.02 14.13 14.27 14.12 16.46 13.67 16.65 18.52 mt 2.62 2.58 2.96 2.97 2.81 2.72 2.71 2.50 2.40 2.51 2.47 2044 2.43 2042 2.53 2.43 2.43 2.40 2.59 2.38 2.75 2.76 II 1.46 1.46 1.45 1.29 1.68 1.09 1.17 1.36 1.36 lAO 1.48 1.48 1.52 1.44 1.37 1.44 1.45 1.52 1.34 1.34 1.36 1.25 ap 0.37 0.37 0.28 0.25 0.35 0.19 0.21 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.33 0.35 0.35 0.30

Vole-stmt unit North Crater Blue Lake Pukeonake Sample TG309 TG310 TG311 TG316 TG317 TG319 TG320 TG323 TG327 TG209 TG210 TG21l TG212 TG213 TG214 TG215 TG219 TG312 TG313 TG314 TG279 TG280 Lava group

Q 13.37 12.30 13.87 11.46 12.13 11.62 12.44 11.35 13.88 12.37 12.31 12.28 12.31 12048 13.45 13.36 13.85 13.45 9.33 13.85 5.49 5.19 or 9.57 8.66 10.52 8.73 8.82 8.43 8.45 8.88 10.45 8.84 8.73 8.97 8.61 8.69 10.24 6.74 7.61 10.47 6.54 10.60 8.78 8.19 ab 28.17 26.06 28.10 27.16 26.28 26.78 26.46 27.24 28.32 27.52 26.64 26.71 26.59 26.57 26.41 23.76 25.30 28.37 23.93 28.13 24.63 23.80 an 25.53 25.93 25.99 25.05 26.02 25.56 25.21 25.51 26.60 25.52 25.59 24.71 25.69 25.39 28.37 31.04 31.86 27.21 26.38 27.25 21.34 22.80 C 0.38 0.11 di 6.02 7.09 2.75 7.80 6.56 7.51 7.95 7.34 2.86 7.52 6.56 7.43 6.81 6.98 0.00 1.71 0.00 1.39 11.00 1.42 11.47 10.09 hy 12.57 15.09 13.88 15.01 15.45 15.18 14.69 14.90 13.20 13.50 15.51 15.16 15.33 15.28 16.22 18.00 16.40 14.44 17.98 13.98 23.57 25.20 mt 2.49 2.62 2.49 2.64 2.56 2.64 2.61 2.62 2.37 2.46 2.49 2.54 2.48 2.49 2.52 2.94 2.47 2.39 2.74 2.41 2.53 2.57 il 1.39 1.33 1.48 1.24 1.29 1.35 1.26 1.25 1.43 1.39 1.27 1.30 1.29 1.25 1.50 1.44 1.52. 1.39 1.22 1.45 1.27 1.27 ap 0.33 0.33 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.33 0.34 0.33 0.35 0.33 0.35 0.34 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.35 0.26 0.37 0.35 0.32 Vole-slral uni Young NE Oturere Tongariro Trig Sample TG262 TG263 TG396 TG138 TG139 TGl40 TG141 TGl42 TGl43 TGl44 TG145 TGl46 TGl47 TGl48 TGl49 TG315 TG321 TG322 TG324 TG325 TG326 TG328 Lava group

Q 11.06 10.81 11.16 16.69 12.27 15.53 15.07 16.32 14.47 14.95 15.99 11.93 12.40 12.96 13.94 11.81 14.51 9.58 13.40 12.07 17.09 12.95 or 7.85 7.75 8.18 12.23 9.04 10.64 10.49 12.17 10.43 10.93 11.15 8.59 8.56 8.69 9.68 8.98 9.22 7.24 10.08 8.90 12.59 8.07 ab 25.61 25.81 26.27 29.37 27.43 31.16 31.81 30.19 30.71 30.03 30.56 27.89 27.32 27.78 28.49 28.04 28.97 27.44 30.46 26.85 31.78 29.82 an 29.94 28.96 28.71 24.40 25.89 24.46 23.65 23.83 25.21 24.84 24.24 25.93 26.58 26.50 25.88 25.32 25.58 29.12 26.26 25.10 23.93 26.37 C di 4.95 6.62 5.49 0.84 6.37 2.26 2.77 1.52 2.79 2.79 1.55 6.45 5.77 5.23 4.33 6.80 4.66 6.57 2.89 7.16 0.75 4.69 hy 15.36 14.85 14.97 11.95 14.20 10.82 11.02 11.30 11.34 11.41 11.44 14.27 14.48 13.83 13.11 14.11 12.71 14.91 11.73 15.08 9.42 12.64 ml 2.72 2.74 2.74 2.26 2.55 2.49 2.56 2.27 2.50 2.50 2.52 2.63 2.58 2.58 2.41 2.70 2.18 2.78 2.64 2.56 2.08 2.85 iI 1.56 1.53 1.51 1.41 1.36 1.69 1.65 1.51 1.59 1.57 1.58 1.40 1.40 1.50 1.31 1.31 1.35 1.41 1.59 1.35 1.44 1.60 ap 0.35 0.32 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.42 0.42 0.37 0.39 0.42 0.42 0.32 0.32 0.35 0.32 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.37 0.35 0.47 0.37

Vole-stral unil Tongariro Trig SWOturere Sample TG329 TG330 TG331 TG333 TG336 TG337 TG338 TG339 TG341 TG344 TG352 TG353 TG354 TG355 TG356 TG357 TG358 TG049 TG050 TG051 TG052 TG054 Lava group

Q 12.73 11.83 12.64 14.01 14.14 14.01 13.78 16.69 12.62 12.04 19.24 15.82 15.27 13.63 11.98 11.99 12.44 17.53 12.54 11.99 14.73 13.55 or 9.06 8.54 8.94 8.19 10.80 10.37 10.22 10.34 9.44 8.86 12.82 10.72 10.93 9.86 8.86 8.82 9.21 12.37 8.11 7.88 9.57 9.35 ab 28.48 27.68 28.35 26.75 29.56 30.04 30.11 28.93 28.72 27.58 29.89 30.29 31.64 29.75 27.85 28.40 29.08 30.99 28.09 27.70 30.63 31.39 an 25.71 25.87 25.81 27.65 26.15 26.20 26.32 27.17 24.74 26.40 24.60 25.90 24.19 24.73 25.65 25.03 24.84 22.19 27.72 28.45 25.63 25.33 C 0.77 0.46 di 5.87 6.95 5.98 3.13 3.04 2.29 2.61 0.00 6.27 6.53 0.00 1.81 2.48 5.26 6.14 6.69 6.51 1.53 5.27 5.35 3.29 3.85 hy 13.35 14.11 13.45 15.45 11.36 11.94 11.91 11.50 13.27 13.78 8.94 10.79 10.57 12.14 14.41 13.97 12.98 10.94 13.36 13.63 11.38 11.64 mt 2.54 2.63 2.58 2.61 2.54 2.63 2.56 2.22 2.64 2.60 1.76 2.26 2.40 2.42 2.73 2.74 2.62 2.16 2.53 2.55 2.37 2.44 iI 1.37 1.49 1.33 1.34 1.46 1.56 1.58 1.55 1.35 1.30 1.45 1.50 1.60 1.33 1.44 1.43 1.39 1.41 1.49 1.55 1.48 1.55 ap 0.32 0.33 0.35 0.28 0.37 0.37 0.35 0.35 0.37 0.33 0.45 0.39 0.39 0.35 0.33 0.32 0.35 0.40 0.32 0.32 0.37 0.37 Vole-slmt unit SW Oturere Sample TG055 TG056 TG057 TG065 TG067 TG069 TG070 TG071 TGOn TG073 TG074 TG075 TG076 TG077 TG078 TG079 TG080 TG081 TG083 TG084 TG085 TG086 Lava group

Q 18.86 13.94 11.20 11.55 15.00 18.18 17.98 12.03 11.10 11.76 9.94 11.11 11.32 10.24 10.96 10.49 12.80 10.14 17.17 12.44 12.56 17.13 or 12.90 9.16 7.54 7.84 9.90 12.35 12.64 8.31 8.02 8.66 7.06 7.50 8.34 7.64 7.42 7.58 8.56 7.51 11.58 7.70 8.15 11,48 ab 31.42 30.94 27.71 29.22 30.88 30.87 31.28 31.53 31.86 32.82 31.34 31.47 31.50 30.18 31.29 3051 32.37 30.13 30.62 27.40 27.55 30.78 an 21.04 25.48 29.09 26.96 24.78 22.51 22.27 27.36 27.35 26.58 28.33 28.06 27.07 29.02 27.83 28.46 26.90 29.48 22.89 28.01 28.17 23.27 C di 1.I7 4.07 5.26 6.54 3.58 1.54 0.67 2.84 3.68 2.80 4.19 3.29 2.86 3.78 3.91 3.99 1.81 3.34 1.59 5.68 4.90 1.64 hy 10.22 11.63 14.27 12.98 11.00 10.21 10.67 12.78 12.80 12.28 13.72 13.38 13.75 13.71 13.26 13.65 12.40 14.20 11.41 13.91 13.78 11.04 mt 2.11 2.42 2.62 2.54 2.35 2.09 2.15 2.55 2.57 2.51 2.73 2.62 2.59 2.73 2.63 2.69 2.49 2.66 2.32 2.58 2.53 2.27 iI 1.41 1.47 1.39 1.48 1.62 1.39 1.46 1.60 1.66 1.59 1.64 1.56 158 1.69 1.67 1.62 1.67 1.53 1.50 1.39 1.47 L50 ap 0.40 0.37 0.33 0.32 0.37 0.39 0.39 0.44 0.41 0.44 0,44 0,42 0.42 0,40 0.44 0.42 0.44 0.42 0.42 0.33 0.32 0.39

Volc-strat unit SWOturere Sample TGI67 TG168 TG169 TG171 TOl73 TG174 TG175 TG178 TG179 TGI80 TOl82 TGI83 TGI84 TGI90 TG228 TG230 TG232 TG235 TG236 TG238 TG240 T0274 Lava group

Q 18.78 14.36 15.06 13.22 12.33 15.85 17.33 16.64 17.06 19.66 17.27 16.97 18.39 16.04 16.24 15.22 14.08 13.99 11.99 12.18 11.54 12.96 or 11.50 9.60 11.OJ \0.00 7.85 7.20 9.15 11.02 11.51 11.00 11.55 11.56 12.59 1U9 11.53 10.46 10.05 10.87 7.66 7.82 7.55 8.40 ab 29.75 31.41 30.24 31.27 30.99 32.45 33.04 29.95 31.10 29.78 30.71 31.24 31.25 32.06 30.90 28.68 29.71 31.12 27.46 28.72 24.00 27.26 an 24.44 25.13 26.03 25.40 28.26 26.54 25.21 24.31 22.74 22.81 22.64 22.69 21.46 22.47 23.05 25.72 25.38 25.40 30.41 28.41 28.83 26.47 C 0.04 1.89 1.31 di 0.00 2.70 1.04 2.19 1.59 0.00 0.00 2.22 2.65 1A8 1.84 2.50 1.81 3.29 2.99 3.37 4.30 2.80 1.95 4.33 4.63 6.84 hy lLl7 11.74 11.69 12.76 13.82 11.31 10.03 11.02 10.29 10.73 11.23 10.29 \0.05 10.25 10.56 11.65 11.57 10.90 15.94 13.89 18.76 13.59 mt 2.10 2.48 2.30 258 2.54 2.17 1.61 2.35 2.22 2.22 2.32 2.25 2.13 2.31 2.25 2.46 2.46 2.37 2.46 2.43 2.61 2.30 iI 1.40 1.54 1.62 1.51 1.61 1.63 1.48 1.57 1.54 1.42 1.52 1.59 1.47 1.48 1.57 1.55 1.56 1.63 1.28 1.34 1.22 1.37 ap 0.35 0.49 0.49 0.49 0.44 0.49 0.49 0.39 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.42 0.37 0.39 OAO 0.35 0.35 0.39 0.30 0.32 0.28 0.30 Vole-strat unit SW OLurere Pukekaikiore Tam. 2 Sample TG275 TG298 TGI50 TG151 TG154 TG155 TG159 TG265 TG365 TG366 TG367 TG060 TG061 TG062 TG287 TG290 TG291 TG292 TG293C TG294 TG295 TG296 Lava group

Q 14.04 12.57 14.13 15.09 15.60 15.96 14.24 15.40 15.87 16.02 14.85 14.24 16.67 17.34 14.84 15.13 12.55 13.15 14.17 13.97 16.28 14.04 or 8.24 6.99 6.93 7.50 7.97 8.43 7.85 7.78 8.19 8.39 8.38 7.17 11.65 10.86 7.91 8.18 6.12 7.23 7.87 7.60 9.06 7.81 ab 25.65 27.17 28.00 27.36 28.41 28.85 29.40 27.90 28.53 28.46 29.02 26.51 31.16 30.01 31.01 30.88 26.27 27.85 27.79 28.17 29.73 28.40 an 27.16 29.82 28.08 27.59 25.12 25.29 26.71 26.43 24.97 25.06 24.52 27.20 22.68 24.75 26.55 28.00 29.91 26.82 27.66 28.43 27.05 26.35 C 0.16 di 6.56 1.20 4.26 1.41 5.48 4.67 5.10 5.18 5.77 5.02 6.60 4.44 2.75 0.00 3.54 1.71 3.81 5.53 2.90 1.30 1.98 4.41 hy 13.87 17.49 14.29 16.73 13.28 12.77 12.54 13.09 12.59 12.97 12.30 15.92 10.45 11.98 11.86 12.03 16.54 14.82 15.21 16.09 11.82 14.45 mt 2.40 2.67 2.33 2.41 2.24 2.14 2.23 2.25 2.23 2.25 2.37 2.45 2.26 2.32 2.27 2.17 2.66 2.56 2.50 2.50 2.14 2.52 il 1.29 1.26 1.20 1.13 1.12 1.14 1.16 1.18 1.10 1.07 1.13 1.25 1.48 1.66 1.12 1.02 1.25 1.22 1.06 1.08 1.16 1.14 ap 0.26 0.24 0.26 0.26 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.28 0.25 0.26 0.30 0.28 0.39 0.40 0.39 0.40 0.31 0.26 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.31

Vole-strat unit Tama2 Sample TG297 TG299 TG300 TG301 TG302 TG303 TG304 TG370 TG371 TG372 TG373 TG374 TG375 TG376 TG377 TG378 TG379 TG380 TG381 TG382 TG383 TG384 Lava group

Q 12.98 8.38 8.56 9.06 16.44 16.70 16.30 14.82 14.68 15.13 13.13 16.77 15.21 15.75 14.74 15.86 15.96 14.90 13.33 12.42 15.51 15.14 or 7.19 4.59 5.49 5.03 11.24 11.45 10.41 7.91 7.84 8.24 7.08 8.50 8.65 8.65 7.84 8.39 8.27 8.02 8.60 7.13 8.29 8.26 ab 28.35 28.63 28.83 27.90 30.65 30.54 32.04 29.08 28.50 28.87 29.39 27.76 30.40 31.27 29.13 28.95 27.59 28.33 28.82 28.95 28.80 29.22 an 27.29 32.29 30.93 31.99 23.50 23.21 23.53 26.11 26.44 26.07 27.54 24.33 27.39 26.72 25.09 24.61 25.52 26.23 26.83 26.94 25.33 24.79 C di 4.40 5.36 5.27 4.43 2.47 1.90 1.64 4.92 4.92 4.58 4.83 5.33 2.30 1.66 5.71 5.45 4.82 4.07 4.76 5.79 4.27 5.40 hy 15.18 15.62 15.74 16.59 10.99 11.47 11.06 12.89 13.35 12.88 13.57 13.26 11.90 11.82 13.24 12.66 13.59 14.02 13.23 14.11 13.51 12.96 mt 2.59 2.92 2.87 2.80 2.35 2.38 2.46 2.38 2.36 2.35 2.54 2.24 2.19 2.21 2.36 2.26 2.32 2.38 2.39 2.60 2.34 2.31 il 1.18 1.29 1.35 1.29 1.44 1.45 1.62 1.06 1.07 1.07 1.07 1.03 1.07 1.04 1.06 1.04 1.14 1.18 1.21 1.19 1.14 1.10 ap 0.26 0.28 0.32 0.28 0.39 0.38 0.40 0.30 0.31 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.40 0.40 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.31 0.30 Volc-strat unit Tama 2 NE Oturere Sample TG385 TG386 TG387 TG388 TG389 TG390 TG391 TG392 TG393 TG394 TG395 TG403 Tn144d Tnl44e TG047 TG048 TG082 TG091 TG092 TG093 TG094 TG096 I"ava group

Q 15.90 15.89 15.86 9.24 13.50 14.13 16.47 16.99 16.55 15.96 8.75 11.03 17.58 19.26 13.98 13.02 13.14 13.43 13.43 13.43 13.01 15.27 or 8.53 8.26 8.65 5.90 7.26 7.54 9.02 9.36 9.50 9.19 5.18 5.51 8.75 9.95 7.19 7.36 7.87 7.91 7.89 8.00 7.92 6.85 ab 30.35 29.97 30.55 28.39 27.13 28.66 29.48 29.52 29.43 29.54 27.86 28.52 28.80 31.17 29.43 29.50 29.04 28.27 28.25 28.43 28.66 28.32 an 27.43 27.60 27.48 32.37 27.17 25.56 27.06 26.51 26.50 27.53 30.80 31.83 25.81 24.84 26.93 27.51 26.95 28.42 27.79 27.58 27.57 26.56 C 0.32 0.56 2.53 di 2.08 1.63 0.83 4.11 4.96 6.27 2.32 0.00 0.00 0.31 6.56 2.99 0.00 0.66 5.09 4.82 5.33 2.44 3.86 4.81 4.97 4.95 hy 11.55 12.55 12.44 15.16 15.42 13,44 11.71 13.13 13.28 13.19 15.68 15.33 12.54 10.68 12.99 13.46 12.99 14.84 14.03 13.10 13.18 14.22 mt 2.17 2.19 2.19 2.60 2.56 2.44 2.14 2.22 2.23 2.24 2.93 2.68 2.05 1.71 2.34 2.36 2.50 2.52 2.50 2.45 2.48 2.13 il I.! 0 1.03 1.10 1.35 1.16 1.14 1.03 1.17 1.17 1.24 1.26 1.18 1.17 1.02 1.22 1.14 1.29 1.30 1.34 1.30 1.34 0.99 ap 0.39 0040 0.40 0.30 0.28 0.28 0.30 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.26 0.30 0.30 0.32 0.30 0.35 0.35 0.33 0.23

Volc-strat unit NE Oturere Sample TG097 TG098 TG099 TGlOO TGIOI TGI03 TG104 TGI05 TGI06 TGI07 TG108 TGI09 TGll1 TGl14 TG1l5 TGII6 TG117 TG1l8 TG119 TGI20 TG121 TG122 Lava group

Q 14.15 14.70 13.99 13.48 14.99 17.12 13.82 9.76 10.24 9.58 9.48 10.16 17.07 13.46 8.39 10.63 10.49 10.27 10.21 11.08 11.26 11.35 or 6.63 7.28 6.43 6.91 7.40 8.16 7.08 6.63 6.43 6.81 6.66 6.66 7.24 9.87 5.88 6.23 6.98 6.58 6.67 7.18 7.34 8.10 ab 2856 29.17 28.79 28.07 29.09 28.70 27.86 23.21 23.81 24.77 23.67 24.18 28.19 27,17 22.53 23.79 24.04 24.28 23.96 24.22 23.40 25.74 an 26.71 27.35 26.60 26.75 27.15 25.14 26.72 25.14 26.23 25.06 25.49 25.25 25.87 25.99 26.26 25.97 26.44 24.95 25.45 26.15 25.47 26.47 C di 6.19 4.15 6.47 5.96 4.08 5.06 6.54 12.39 11.81 12.21 12.13 12.08 5.47 4.64 13.17 11.66 10.29 11.63 11.29 11.12 11.83 7.77 hy 13.75 13.22 13.67 14.63 13.12 12.00 \3.98 18.14 16.71 16.87 17.88 16.93 12.32 13.98 18.92 16.89 17.21 17.45 17.68 15.53 16.03 16.27 mt 2.25 2.19 2.26 2.30 2.19 2,05 2.20 2.60 2.60 2.57 2.61 2.55 2.06 2.54 2.67 2.64 2.46 2.63 2.59 2.50 2.56 2.31 iI 1.01 1.17 1.06 1.14 1.23 1.06 1.06 1.24 1.29 1.28 1.20 1.28 1.07 1.42 1.30 1.28 1.20 1.30 1.24 1.34 1.25 1.18 ap 0.26 0.28 0.23 0.25 0.28 0.25 0.25 0.31 0.30 0.30 0.30 0.33 0.26 0.37 0.30 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.30 0.30

I-' 00 o Volc·strat unit NEOturere Tama I ~ Sample TG123 TG221 TG222 TG226 TG227 TG242 TG244 TG250 TG251 TG253 TG255 TG256 TG261 TG400 TG401 TG028 TG136 Tn89 "t::i (I> Lava group :::l >:l.. ~. 10.83 10.99 11.13 10.78 9.09 12.82 '- Q 11.98 12.25 10.92 10.37 11.08 10.03 10.71 10.33 11.77 13.68 15.12 17.42 '- or 7.63 7.82 7.83 8.54 7.01 7.80 8.19 8.59 5.96 7.16 7.48 6.91 8.00 6.72 7.04 8.32 6.44 6.87 ab 25.00 25.88 26.16 26.76 24.89 26.10 24.74 26.96 26.30 25.28 26.07 26.12 26.79 24.31 24.74 27.90 28.92 32.57 Q "'I:; an 29.06 29.57 28.55 25.75 25.17 27.45 26.51 24.87 30.16 28.30 25.80 27.20 25.77 25.99 25.59 28.22 28.73 26.80 ~ C :::l di 4.59 3.83 6.53 7.90 11.44 6.41 7.13 8.38 5.24 5.27 8.86 7.47 8.01 11.38 10.87 2.79 2.12 0.87 ~ 15.99 16.61 17.62 15.78 18.34 15,40 ~ by 17.39 15.68 14.87 15.89 16.58 16.13 17.64 16.14 16.58 14.63 14.66 12.05 .....I:) mt 2.32 2.64 2.74 2.52 2.55 2.48 2.50 2.51 2.63 2,45 2,45 2.55 2.47 2.56 2,48 2.45 2.22 1.91 ~. (I> iJ 1.26 1.39 1.47 1.37 1.23 1.30 1.32 1.25 1.37 1.27 1.29 1.23 1.27 1.23 1.24 1.20 0.99 0.80 ,., ap 0.26 0.35 0.33 0.33 0.32 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.32 0.33 0.30 0.28 0.30 0.32 0.32 0.28 0.30 0.28 ~

~<:) ;::;. 6" :::l ""

...... 00 Major Element Fractional Crystallization Models 182

APPENDIX 12 MAJOR ELEMENT FRACTIONAL CRYSTALLIZATION MODELS

Computed least-squares fractionation calculations using the XLFRAC program of Stormer and Nicholls (1978), modified for use in an EXCEL spreadsheet (kindly supplied by J.P. Davidson), were used to test the viability of fractional crystallization models linking pairs of Tongariro magmas. The results of these models are presented below, and discussed in Chapter 6. Least-squares modelling is a useful exercise in demonstrating what phases and phase proportions are required to produce the observed major element compositions of chosen "final" lavas from chosen "initial" lavas by fractional crystallization (phases removed, -) and sometimes accumulation (phases added, +). The models calculate the total percent of fractionation (wt% crystals removed) required to produce the "final" magma composition from the "initial" magma, and thus also the fraction of "initial" magma after fractional crystallization (wt% liquid remaining).

Eight major elements, normalised to 100%, were used in the models; MnO and P20 S were omitted because of their low XRF precision and limited involvement in the fractionating assemblages (and note minerals were not analysed for P20 S)' Total iron expressed as FeO* was used in the calculations. The number of phases used was limited to 4 or 5 at most (i.e. omit apatite, etc.), and these analyses were also normalised to 100% prior to calculation. Mineral abbreviations are defined in Appendix 3 and analysis numbers are those used in Appendix 9. Original mineral data and whole-rock data can be found in Appendices 9 and 10 respectively. By restricting the number of elements and phases used in the calculations, a more rigorous model is obtained, since with more variables the easier it is to obtain statistically acceptable fits. Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 183

"Initial" and "final" magma compositions to be modelled were selected according to realistic age relationships (initial older than final magma) and the chemical trends or groupings within and/or between volcano-stratigraphic units. Mineral phases were selected on the basis of those observed as phenocrysts in the initial magma, and representative analyses of these phases were chosen from the available mineral composition data. Use of averaged or idealised mineral compositions was avoided. In general, the phases subtracted in the models are consistent with observed phase assemblages, although introduction of a phase not present as a phenocryst into the fractionating assemblage sometimes improves the "fit" of the modeL In this way, least-squares modelling can indicate what other phases may be involved which have not been preserved as phenocrysts in the host lava.

The success of each model can be judged from a combination of factors. Firstly, the sum of the squares of the residuals (~R2; i.e. the differences between the calculated and observed final magma compositions) should be less than 0.2. The residual for each major element is also tabulated so that elements with the poorest fits can be identified. A second test of the validity of the model is whether or not the calculated (calc) phase proportions to be removed are consistent with the observed (obs) phenocryst proportions.

The following models are numbered A12.1 to A12.19 and are presented in order of decreasing age of volcano-stratigraphic units, starting with Tama 1 and ending with Ngauruhoe. The rationale for selecting samples to model and evaluations of the results of the models are included in Chapter 6. Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 184

Model A12.1: Tama I (T0I36) andesite - [hbl+plag+opx] = Tarna I (Tn89) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TGI36 Tn89 plag0985C opxlOOOC hbJ0994C magl016C Calc Obs SiO, 61.19 63.25 47.09 52.50 44.96 0.04 -0.01 Plag -4.59 0.36 0.58 TiO, 0.52 0.42 0.00 0.10 1.11 5.31 -0.09 Opx -2.39 0.18 0.03 AJ,O, 17.49 17.55 33.09 1.64 11.10 1.74 0.02 Hbl -5.87 0.46 0.37 FeO· 5.89 5.07 0.27 21.45 16.45 91.69 0.00 Mag +0.02 ll.llll ll.ll2 MgO 3.81 2.84 0.00 23.58 13.43 1.22 0.02 1.00 1.00 CaO 6.55 5.82 17.69 0.72 10.79 0.00 -0.01 Na,O 3.45 3.88 1.84 0.00 1.90 0.00 0.13 K,O 1.10 1.17 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.00 -0.06 wt % crystals removed = 12.85 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'= 0.03 wt% liquid remaining = 87.15

Model A12.2: NE Oturere (T0I15) basaltic andesite - [cpx+plag+oliv+ilm] = NE Oturere (TG242) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TGII5 TG242 plag0714C opx0718C cpx0707C oliv0687C ilm0729N Calc Obs SiD, 57.20 58.96 48.54 57.50 54.07 41.69 0.03 -0.01 Plag -2.90 0.17 0.17 TiO, 0.69 0.69 0.00 0.15 0.26 0.00 41.87 0.28 Opx +0.49 0.00 0.07 AJ,O, 15.24 16.72 32.46 0.61 2.46 0.00 0.41 -0.05 Cpx -10.61 0.63 0.37 FeO· 7.09 6.59 0.50 10.52 5.37 12.01 54.10 -0.28 Oliv -2.43 0.14 0.37 MgO 7.23 5.23 0.00 29.04 17.57 46.14 2.06 0.01 11m -0.88 ll...Q5. ll.ll2 CaO 8.85 7.37 16.47 2.15 20.04 0.16 1.53 -0.07 1.00 1.00 Na,O 2.69 3.11 1.98 0.03 0.23 0.00 0.00 -0.01 K,O 1.01 1.33 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.10 wt % crystals removed = 16.82 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R' = 0.17 wt% liquid remaining = 83.18

Model A12.3: NE Oturere (TG242) andesite - [plag+opx+cpx+mag] = NE Oturere (T0I03) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG242 TGI03 plag0968C opx0942C cpx0953C mag67OC* Calc Obs SiO, 58.96 62.69 53.64 57.71 52.86 0.59 0.10 Plag -17.69 0.59 0.61 TiO, 0.69 0.56 0.00 0.00 0.38 10.39 -0.06 Opx -7.50 0.25 0.15 AI,O, 16.72 16.42 29.02 1.12 1.60 2.15 0.06 Cpx -2.71 0.09 0.24 FeO· 6.59 5.43 0.36 7.41 12.58 86.01 0.09 Mag -2.24 ll.l!1 ll.llll MgO 5.23 3.57 0.02 32.07 12.83 0.83 0.04 1.00 1.00 CaO 7.37 6.52 12.45 1.67 19.46 0.03 0.04 Na,O 3.11 3.42 4.35 0.02 0.29 0.00 0.06 K,O 1.33 1.39 0.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 -0.33 wt% crystals removed = 30.14 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'= 0.14 wt% liquid remaining = 69.86

• TG098 magnetite analysis used in calculation because none available/or TG242

Model A12.4: Tama 2 (TG381) andesite - [hbl+plag+cpx+opx] = Tarna 2 (TG376) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG381 TG376 plagl482C opxl491C cpxl518C hb1l529C magl528N Calc Obs SiO, 60.50 62.09 50.43 54.01 51.12 45.96 0.05 0.02 Plag -3.48 0.28 0.56 TiO, 0.64 0.55 0.06 0.26 0.58 1.97 0.32 -0.03 Opx -1.40 0.11 0.08 AJ,O, 17.17 17.62 30.91 1.31 2.99 10.\1 3.14 0.00 Cpx -1.83 0.15 0.14 FeO· 6.34 5.86 0.66 18.53 10.28 14.83 90.88 0.02 Hbl -5.70 0.46 0.19 MgO 3.62 2.60 0.05 24.06 14.63 13. J3 5.56 0.01 Mag +0.11 ll.llll Q.lll CaO 6.82 6.07 14.55 1.81 20.15 10.70 0.05 0.01 1.00 1.00 Na,O 3.44 3.73 3.24 0.02 0.25 2.75 0.00 0.11 K,O 1.47 1.48 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.00 -0.14 wt% crystals removed = 12.41 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'= 0.03 wt% liquid remaining = 87.59 Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 185

Model AU.S: Tama 1 (TG136) andesite - [plag+hbl+opx+mag] '" Tam. 2 (Tnl44e) dacite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions ma!1ma magma !!hases Sample TG136 Tnl44e plag0985C opxlOOOC hbl0994C maglOl6C Calc Ob, SiO, 61.19 64.40 47.09 52.50 44.96 0.04 -0.03 Plag -8.59 0.46 O.5S TiO, 0.52 0.54 0.00 0.10 1.11 5.31 0.00 Opx -4.11 0.22 0.03 AI,O, 17.49 17.11 33.09 1.64 11.10 1.74 -0.03 Rbi -5.86 0.31 0.37 FeO* 5.S9 4.68 0.27 21.45 16.45 91.69 -0.03 Mag -0.20 ll.ill. ll..llZ. MgO 3.81 2.50 0.00 23.58 13.43 1.22 -0.02 1.00 1.00 CaO 6.55 5.36 17.69 0.72 10.79 0.00 -0.01 Na,O 3.45 3.71 1.84 0.00 1.90 0.00 -0.17 K,O 1.10 1.70 0.02 0.01 0.26 0.00 0.30 wt% crystals removed IS.76 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :ER'", 0.12 wt% liquid remaining 81.24

Model A12.6: Tama 2 (fG3SI) andesite - [plag+hhl+opx+mag] '" Pukekaikiore (fG367) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions maGma magma I!hases Sample TG381 TG367 plagI 482C opxl491C cpxl518C hb1l529C magl528N Calc Ob, SiO, 60.50 61.50 50.43 54.01 51.12 45.96 0.05 0.01 Plag -5.30 0.49 0.56 TiD, 0.64 0.60 0.06 0.26 0.58 1.97 0.32 -0.01 Opx -0.90 0.08 O.OS AI,O, 17.17 16.31 30.91 1.31 2.99 10.11 3.14 0.00 Cpx +3.89 0.00 0.14 FeO· 6.34 6.29 0.66 18.53 10.28 14.83 90.88 0.01 RbI -4.72 0.43 0.19 MgO 3.62 3.61 0.05 24.06 14.63 13.13 5.56 0.01 Mag -0.004 l1!ill QJ1:l. CaO 6.82 6.80 14.55 1.81 20.15 10.70 0.05 om 1.00 1.00 Na,O 3.44 3.46 3.24 0,02 0.25 2.75 0.00 0.07 K,O 1.47 1.43 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.00 -0.11 wt% crystals removed '" 10.92 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :ER'", 0.18 wt% liquid remaining '" 89.0S

Model AU.7: SW Oturere (fG074) andesite - [plag+opx+mag] ~ SW Oturere (fG235) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions mall!!!! magma I!hases Sample TG074 TG235 plag0746C opx0734C cpx0744C mag0774C Calc Obs SiO, 58.44 61.20 56.44 55.19 53.01 0.06 0.01 Plag -25.38 0.72 0.83 TiO, 0.87 0.87 0.05 0.20 0.46 16.04 0.00 Opx -8.24 0.23 0.08 AhO, 17.97 17.52 25.&7 0.77 1.40 1.81 0.04 Cpx +0.10 0.00 0.03 FeO* 7.26 6.28 0.55 20.45 10.44 81.16 0.02 Mag -1.72 Q.ll5. llJlIi MgO 3.43 2.48 0.02 22.16 14.92 0.92 0.01 1.00 1.00 CaO 7.07 6.08 12.08 1.21 19.52 0.01 0.01 Na,O 3.75 3.71 4.80 0.02 0.25 0.00 -0.13 K,O 1.21 1.86 0.19 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 wt% crystals removed = 35.34 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :ER'=0.02 wt% liquid remaining =64.66

Model AI2.S: SW Oturere (fG080) andesite - [plag+opx+mag+cpxJ '" SW Oturere (TGJ67) dacite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions maGma mall!!!! I!hases Sample TG080 TGI67 plagl1l7C opxOOl7C cpxllOIC magl076C Calc Ob, SiO, 60.33 63.67 53.72 54.09 53.00 0.05 0.08 Plag -16.37 0.72 0.68 TiO, 0.89 0.75 0.04 0.21 0.48 12.29 -0.06 Opx -3.36 0.15 0.18 Al,O, 17.90 17.04 29.06 0.90 1.50 1.62 0.12 Cpx -1.03 0.05 0.Q7 FeO* 6.63 5.57 0.49 18.42 10.54 85.04 0.09 Mag -1.88 l1llli l1ll1 MgO 2.74 2.29 0.00 24.55 14.45 0.98 0.02 1.00 1.00 Cao 6.18 5.17 12.05 1.80 19.82 0.02 0.06 Na,O 3.87 3.55 4.47 0.03 0.21 0.00 -0.39 K,O 1.46 1.96 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.08 wt% crystals removed '" 22.64 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :ER'= 0.20 wt% liquid remaining '" 77.36 Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 186

Model A12.9: SW Oturere (T0051) andesite - [plag+opx+cpxt<>liv+mag] = SW Oturere (TG232) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma I!hases Sample TG051 TG232 plaglO32C opxlO49C cpxl051C oliv0792C mag I 067C Calc Obs SiO, 59.19 60.95 53.18 52.91 51.62 39.82 0.08 -0.01 Plag -12.72 0.63 0.67 TiO, 0.82 0.83 0.00 0.24 0.50 0.00 11.73 -0.11 Op" -4.46 0.22 0.16 AhO, 17.43 17.09 29.09 1.25 1.63 0.00 2.43 -0.01 Cpx -2.70 0.13 0.12 FeO* 6.78 6.54 0.59 21.42 12.68 20.42 84.86 0.01 Oliv -0.24 om 0.02 MgO 3.81 2.89 0.06 22.72 14.26 39.73 0.90 0.00 Mag -0.19 .Q..Q.l llM CaO 7.31 6.43 12.67 1.46 19.10 0.03 0.00 0.01 1.00 ).00 Na,O 3.31 3.55 4.23 0.00 0.21 0.00 0.00 0.06 K,O 1.35 1.72 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 wt % crystals removed =20.31 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R' = 0.02 wt% liquid remaining 79.69

Model AI2.IO: NE Oturere (TGI15) basaltic andesite - [cpx+plag+opx+oliv+i1m] = SW Oturere (TG240) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma I!hases Sample TOll5 TG240 plag0714C opx0732C cpx0709C oliv0694C i1m0729N Calc Obs SiO, 57.21 58.74 48.54 53.00 55.55 41.24 0.03 0.06 Plag -5.09 0.26 0.17 TiO, 0.69 0.65 0.00 0.21 0.15 0.00 41.87 0.09 Opx -2.61 0.13 0,07 AI,O, 15.24 16.78 32.46 0.72 1.38 0.00 0.41 0.05 Cpx -10.85 0.55 0.31 FeO' 1.09 6.92 0.50 25.12 4.24 13.05 54.10 0.00 Ollv -0.65 0.03 0.37 MgO 7.23 5.56 0.00 19.51 18.28 45.54 2.06 0.03 11m -0.58 ll.ll:l. l!.ll2 CaO 8.85 7.19 16.47 1.44 20.18 0.17 1.53 -0.01 1,00 1.00 Na,O 2.69 2.87 1.98 0.00 0.22 0,00 0.00 -0.26 K,O 1.01 1.29 0.05 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 wt % crystals removed = 19.78 Total 100.01 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'= 0.08 wi % liquid remaining = 80,22

Model A12.11: SW Oturere (TG080) andesite - [plag+opx+mag-H:p"] =Tongariro Trig (TG326) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions mallma magma I!hases Sample TGOSO TG326 plagll22R opxOOI7C cpxllOIC magl076C Calc Obs SiO, 60.33 63.28 56.18 54.09 53.00 0.05 -0.02 Plag -18.13 0.69 0.68 TiO, 0.89 0.76 0.00 0.21 0.48 12.29 -0.10 OP" -4.81 0.18 0.18 AhO, 17.90 17.41 27.57 0.90 1.50 1.62 0,03 Cpx -1.63 0.06 0.07 FeO* 6.63 5.51 0.43 18.42 10.54 85.04 0.01 Mag -1.69 ll...illi llJl1 MgO 2.14 1.78 0.02 24.55 14.45 0.98 0.01 1.00 1.00 CaO 6.18 5.32 10.24 1.80 19.82 0.02 om Na,O 3.87 3.79 5.25 0.Q3 0.21 0.00 -0.12 K,O 1.46 2.15 0.31 0.00 0.00 0.00 O.IS wt% crystals removed =26.26 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'= 0.06 wt% liquid remaining = 73.74

Model A12.12: SW Oturere (T0051) andesite - [plag+opx-H:px+mag] = Tongariro Trig (TG355) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions maGma mall!!!a I!hases Sample TG051 TG355 plagl032C opx1049C cpx1051C oliv0792C magl067C Calc Obs SiO, 59.19 60.99 53.18 52.91 51,62 39.82 0.08 -om Plag -12.63 0.67 0.67 TiO, 0.82 0.71 0.00 0.24 0.50 0.00 11.73 -0.16 OP" -3.73 0.20 0.16 AJ,O, 17.43 16.81 29.09 1.25 1.63 0.00 2.43 -0.01 Cpx -1.84 0.10 0.12 FeO· 6.78 6.42 0.59 21.42 12.68 2Q.42 84.86 0.02 aliv 0.00 0.00 0.02 MgO 3.81 3.30 0.06 22.72 14.26 39.73 0.90 -0.01 Mag -0.57 !l.m llM CaO 7.31 6.54 12.67 1.46 19.10 0.03 0.00 0.01 1.00 l.00 Na,O 3.31 3.55 4.23 0.00 0.21 0,00 0.00 0.11 K,O 1.35 1.68 0.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,04 wt% crystals removed " 18.71 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100,00 l:R'= 0.04 wl% liquid remaining = 81.23 Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 187

Model A12.I3: Tama 2 (TG381) andesite - [hbl+plag+cpx+mag+opx] ~ Tama Lakes (TnI4Ia) dacite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG38 I Tn141a plag1482C opx1491C cpx1518C hb11529C mag1528N Calc Obs SiO, 60.50 66.47 50.43 54.01 51.12 45.96 0.05 0.00 Plag -9.56 0.32 0.56 TiO, 0.64 0.39 0.06 0.26 0.58 1.97 0.32 -0.09 Opx -1.15 0.04 0.08 AI,O, 17.17 18.34 30.91 1.31 2.99 10.11 3.14 0.00 Cpx -6.70 0.22 0.14 FeO' 6.34 3.47 0.66 18.53 10.28 14.83 90.88 0.00 Hbl -11.40 0.38 0.19 MgO 3.62 1.14 0.05 24.06 14.63 13.13 5.56 0.01 Mag -1.39 ~ ll.lll CaO 6.82 4.08 14.55 1.81 20.15 10.70 0.05 0.01 1.00 1.00 Na,O 3.44 4.16 3.24 0.02 0.25 2.75 0.00 0.10 K,O 1.47 1.95 0.10 0.00 0.00 0.55 0.00 -0.04 wt% crystals removed ~ 30.20 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'~0.02 wt% liquid remaining = 69.80

Model A12.I4: North Crater (TG 192) andesite - [plag+cpx+oliv+opx+mag] ~ Red Crater (TG135) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG192 TG135 plag0421C opx0436C cpx0431C oliv0413C mag0415C Calc Obs SiO, 59.77 61.52 48.83 53.21 53.78 39.97 0.03 0.00 Plag -5.83 0.50 0.53 TiO, 0.72 0.69 0.00 0.22 0.19 0.00 13.68 -0.01 Opx -1.32 0.11 0.27 AI,O, 16.18 16.13 31.72 0.96 1.71 0.00 2.79 0.00 Cpx -2.42 0.21 0.12 FeO' 6.64 6.11 0.72 20.15 5.55 16.94 81.47 0.00 Oliv -1.34 0.12 0.06 MgO 4.74 3.86 0.04 23.79 17.39 42.95 2.01 0.00 Mag -0.70 ll.ilii ll..Q2 CaO 7.28 6.55 16.32 1.64 21.21 0.14 0.02 0.00 1.00 1.00 Na,O 3.16 3.34 2.30 0.02 0.17 0.00 0.00 -0.07 K,O 1.51 1.80 0.07 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 wt% crystals removed ~ 11.61 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'~ 0.01 wt% liquid remaining ~ 88.39

Model A12.IS: Ngauruhoe Group IB (TG020) basaltic andesite - [p1ag+cpx+opx+mag] ~ Ngauruhoe Group 2 (TG286) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG020 TG286 piagOO79C opx0091C cpx0085C mag0083C Calc Obs SiO, 55.99 58.72 53.68 53.18 51.71 0.06 -0.03 Plag -14.36 0.58 0.63 TiO, 0.85 0.78 0.00 0.25 0.51 10.38 0.04 Opx -3.20 0.13 0.14 AI,O, 18.13 18.22 29.03 1.25 2.75 4.18 -0.01 Cpx -4.82 0.19 0.22 FeO' 8.60 6.90 0.65 20.32 10.82 82.34 -0.03 Mag -2.59 Q.lQ. ll..Q2 MgO 3.80 3.01 0.06 23.34 14.65 3.04 0.00 1.00 1.00 CaO 8.36 7.50 12.08 1.65 19.25 0.00 -0.02 Na,O 3.28 3.50 4.33 0.00 0.31 0.00 -0.02 K,O 0.99 1.37 0.17 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.06 wt% crystals removed ~ 24.97 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'=O.OI wt% liquid remaining = 75.03

Model A12.I6: Ngauruhoe Group 3B (TG 156) basaltic andesite - [plag+cpx+opx+mag] = Ngauruhoe Group 3B (TG501) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions magma magma phases Sample TG156 TG501 piag0845C opx0837C cpx0820C mag0847C Calc Obs SiO, 57.18 58.04 53.56 53.31 52.54 0.07 -0.03 Plag -8.42 0.52 0.59 TiO, 0.85 0.85 0.03 0.33 0.66 20.11 -0.06 Opx -3.42 0.21 0.17 AhO, 17.31 17.53 29.36 1.09 2.26 1.02 -0.03 Cpx -4.24 0.26 0.23 FeO' 7.56 7.40 0.51 20.36 10.93 77.70 -0.01 Mag -0.20 l!..Ql l!..Ql MgO 4.81 4.02 0.07 23.19 15.04 1.00 -0.01 1.00 1.00 CaO 8.19 7.55 12.18 1.72 18.32 0.07 -0.01 Na,O 2.97 3.27 4.12 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.13 K,O 1.13 1.34 0.17 0.00 0.00 0.D3 0.01 wt% crystals removed = 16.28 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'~0.02 wt% liquid remaining = 83.72 Appendix 12 Major element fractional crystallization models 188

Model A12.17: Ngauruhoe Group 3B (TG156) basaltic andesite - [plag+epx+opx+mag] = SW Oturere (TG076) nndesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wl% Phase proportions magma magma l!hases Sample TG156 TG076 plag0827C opx0837C cpx0820C mag0847C Calc Obs SIO, 57.18 59.52 50m 53.31 52.54 0.07 -0.04 Plag -12.15 0.47 0.59 TiO, 0.85 0.84 0.04 0.33 0.66 20.11 -0.03 Opx -4.82 0.19 0.17 AI,o, 17.31 17.76 31.54 1.09 2.26 1.02 -0.02 Cpx -8.01 0.31 0.23 FeO* 7.56 6.89 0.57 20.36 10.93 77.70 -0.03 Mag -0.62 ll..l!2 ll.lll MgO 4.81 3.34 0.05 23.19 15.04 1.00 0.01 LOO 1.00 CaO 8.19 6.46 14.98 1.72 18.32 0,07 -0.01 Na,O 2.97 3.76 2.73 0.00 0.25 0.00 0.18 K,O 1.13 1.43 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 -0.06 wt% crystals removed =25.60 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :tR'= 0.04 wt% liquid remaining = 74.40

Model AI2.IS: Ngauruhoe Group 3B (TG156) basaltic andesite - [plag+opx+Cpx+magJ" Tongarlro Trig (TG338) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions mal!ma magma J!hases Sample TG156 TG338 plag0827C opx0837C cpxOS20C mag0847C Calc Obs SiO, 57.18 60.69 50.01 53.31 52.54 0,07 0.04 Plag -17.37 0.51 0.59 TiO, 0.85 0.84 0.04 0.33 0.66 20.11 -0.08 Opx -S.42 0.25 0.17 A',O, 17.31 17.55 31.54 1.09 2.26 1.02 0.03 Cpx -7.53 0.22 0.23 FeO* 7.56 6.81 0.57 20.36 10.93 77.70 0.06 Mag -0.63 ll..l!2 ll.lll MgO 4.81 2.57 0.05 23.19 15.04 1.00 -0.01 1.00 1.00 CaO 8.19 6.20 14.98 1.72 18.32 0,07 0.03 Na,O 2.97 3.59 2.73 0.00 0.25 0.00 -0.11 K,O 1.13 1.75 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.04 wl% crystals removed = 33.95 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 l:R'=0.03 wt% liquid remaining =66.05

Model AI2.19: Nguuruhoe Group 3A (TG28S) andesite - [plag+cpx+oliv+opx+magJ = Te Marl Crater (TG282) andesite

Initial Final Phase analyses Residuals Solution wt% Phase proportions mat;ffia magma (!hases Sample TG288 TG282 plag1376C opxl374C cpx1370C oliv1357C mag1402C Calc Obs SiO, 57.88 60.33 49.60 52.13 52.07 41.52 0.03 0.00 Plag -7.65 0.42 0.48 TiO, 0.71 0.78 0.00 0.32 0.46 0.00 10.53 0.06 Opx -2.22 0.12 0.11 AI,O, 16.34 16.87 31.53 1.39 2.06 0.00 2.61 0.01 Cpx -5.18 0.28 0.29 FeO· 7.34 6.45 0.59 22.08 9.88 8.74 85.43 -0.01 Oliv -2.35 0.13 0.09 MgO 5.46 3.66 0.03 22.40 15.27 49.58 lAO 0.00 Mng -0.95 !Llli !!.ill CaO 7.79 6.80 15.11 1.68 19.99 0.16 0.00 -0.01 1.00 1.00 Na,O 3.20 3.46 3.05 0.00 0.27 0.00 0.00 -0.13 K,O 1.28 1.65 0.09 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0,07 wl% crystals removed = 18.35 Total 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00 :tR'= 0.03 wt% liquid remaining = 81.65 Major Element, High-Precision, Trace Element and Isotope Chemical Analyses for Selected Samples 189

APPENDIX 13 MAJOR ELEMENT, HIGH-PRECISION TRACE ELEMENT AND ISOTOPE CHEMICAL ANALYSES FOR SELECTED SAMPLES

A subset of 66 whole-rock samples (62 Tongariro lavas, 1 Ruapehu lava, and 3 xenoliths) were analysed for precise trace element (including rare earth element) and isotopic compositions. These data are presented in the following table, apart from the Ruapehu sample which is described in Appendix 15. The xenolith data have already been presented separately in Appendix 7, but are also included at the end of this table. All samples have been thin sectioned, and detailed petrographic descriptions are presented for these samples in Appendix 3. Mineral compositions have been determined by electron microprobe analysis for 23 of the 65 samples (Appendix 9).

Sample selection for further analysis was necessary relatively early on in the project, before the stratigraphy and geochronology had been fully determined. Consequently, the chosen samples are not fully representative of Tongariro volcano stratigraphy, although only three units (South Crater, Tama Lakes, Young SW Oturere) are actually absent from the data set. Samples are listed by volcano-stratigraphic unit in the following order (number of samples per unit indicated in brackets): Ngauruhoe (13), Red Crater (4), Te Mari Craters (1), Young Pukekaikiore (1), North Crater (4), Blue Lake (2), Pukeonake (1), Young NE Oturere (1), Tongariro Trig (4), SW Oturere (13), Pukekaikiore (1), Tama 2 (7), NE Oturere (9), Tama 1 (1), quartzite xenoliths from 1975 Ngauruhoe pyroclastic avalanche deposit (3). If applicable, lava or chemical group (e.g. Ngauruhoe lA-3B) is also specified for each sample. Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 190

Major element compositions were determined by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) at Canterbury University and have already been presented in Appendix 10. Trace element data are derived from a number of different sources and analytical procedures, requiring an investigation of interlaboratory variation (described in Appendix 8, Section A8.5). Seventeen trace elements (10 rare earth elements, plus Sc, Co, Cs, Hf, Ta, Th, U) were determined by Instrumental Neutron Activation Analysis (INAA) at University of Massachusetts (Appendix 8, Section A8.4) for 59 of the 65 Tongariro samples. These data are depicted in normal type in the trace element section of the table. The remaining 13 trace elements not analysed by INAA were analysed by XRF at Royal Holloway & Bedford New College (RHBNC), University of London (Section A8.3.4; 37 samples; data in bold type) and at Canterbury University (Section A8.3; 65 samples; data in italics). Data are presented in hydrous form in the following table, but are recalculated anhydrous before plotting.

The rationale behind which data were used for which elements and samples is discussed in Appendix 8, Section A8.5. In summary, RHBNC XRF data were comparable to INAA data (and thus were used for the 6 samples lacking INAA data), RHBNC XRF data were superior to Canterbury University XRF data for Nb, Pb, Zn and Y (requiring rejection/correction of Canterbury data), and there was no significant difference between XRF data from the two labs for V, Cr, Ni, Ga, Rb, Sr, Ba and Zr (therefore Canterbury data for 65 samples were used). Only Zn and Y Canterbury XRF data were identified as requiring correction before plotting; the correction equations are presented in Appendix 8, Section A8.5, but note that the original (uncorrected data) are presented in this appendix. Nb and Pb Canterbury XRF data were rejected from the data set because of inferior precision and poor correlation with the RHBNC XRF data.

Radiogenic isotope data, obtained at RHBNC (Appendix 8, Section A8.6), consists of 37 87Sr/86Sr analyses, 15 143Nd/l44Nd analyses, and 12 Pb isotope e06PbP04Pb, 207PbP04Pb, 208PbP04Pb) analyses. Quoted internal precision is ±2 standard errors and ranges from ±O.000008 to ±0.000020 for 87Sr/86Sr; from ±O.000005 to ±O.000026 for 143Ndll44Nd; and is at or better than ±O.003 for 206PbP04Pb, ±0.003 for 207PbP04Pb, ±O.006 for 208PbP04Pb. Stable isotope data were obtained for 10 samples which were analysed for oxygen isotope compositions (quoted as ( 180) by laser fluorination at RHBNC (Appendix 8, Section A8.7). Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 191

The age (in ka) of each sample is indicated at the bottom of the table. Fifteen of the samples (those with errors quoted) have been dated by the K-Ar method (Appendix 8, Section A8.1). Ages of the other 20 older samples were extrapolated from their stratigraphic relationship to dated samples (see Appendix 2). The ages of the 27 young eruptive samples have been estimated with reasonable confidence from tephrostratigraphy (Section 3.4.2c).

Abbreviations are summarised below: Major elements:

= total iron given as Fe20 3 2 2 100Mg/(Mg+Fe +), total iron as Fe + assuming Fe20/FeO =0.3

Trace elements: normal type lNAA data bold type RHBNC XRF data italic type =Canterbury University XRF data

Isotopes: ±10 internal precision of isotope data given as standard errors

Age: 0.04 historical deposits given known age (ka) c.15 = other young eruptives given approximate age (ka) 203±11 =K-Ar age determinations (ka) for some older samples c.90 extrapolated age (ka) for other older samples

General: na =not analysed (blank) = analysed but data rejected (Nb and Pb) Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 192

Lava group 3B 3B IB 3B 3B 3B lA 2 2 3A

SiO, 55.44 56.93 55.55 55.77 56.92 58.18 55.51 58.03 58.30 57.90 TiO, 0.17 0.72 0.84 0.70 0.85 0.81 0.99 0.85 0.78 0.73 Al,OJ 16.48 17.09 17.98 16.99 17.24 17.28 17.62 18.99 17.89 16.26 Fe,O,· 9.12 8.49 9.48 8.92 8.37 7.95 9.17 6.94 7.70 7.97 MnO 0.16 0.15 0.16 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.11 0.13 0.14 MgO 5.52 4.11 3.77 5.34 4.79 4.08 4.70 2.17 3.24 4.90 CaO 8.60 7.27 8.29 8.39 8.16 7.46 8.07 7.40 7.44 7.59 Na,O 2.83 3.03 3.25 2.81 2.96 3.23 3.10 3.59 3.38 3.23 K,O 1.12 1.33 0.98 1.10 1.13 1.33 1.09 1.44 1.34 1.32 P,O, 0.16 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.16 0.18 0.17 0.16 0.14 LOI -0.11 -0041 ·0.42 -0.54 -0.23 -0,45 -0.23 ·0.42 .().33 0.17 TOTAL 100.09 98.86 100.02 99.77 100.49 100.17 100.35 99.27 100.03 100.35

Mg# 54.5 49.0 44.1 54.3 53.1 50.4 50.4 38,2 45.5 54.9

Sc 34.80 28.58 29.98 31.30 28.93 26.31 28,43 19.90 22.46 24.86 V 222 185 239 218 205 188 218 176 181 194 Cr 89 46 20 81 58 32 31 17 31 140 Co 53.12 37.29 40.64 45.30 38.23 38.05 39.08 32.76 33.35 52.14 Ni 29 17 9 26 19 12 14 7 13 44 Cu 47.6 35.7 38.1 na 29.6 17.0 24.3 na na na Zn 85.2 83.4 87.1 87 74.4 77.9 78.9 80 83 70 Ga 22 19 21 21 20 22 19 21 20 20 Rb 34 45 31 35 36 43 31 47 45 46 Sr 278 238 220 241 263 277 356 280 266 221 Cs 2.02 1.99 1.39 2.29 2.17 2.54 1.06 2.51 2.40 2.55 Ba 232 263 177 217 236 279 237 291 257 234 La 13.05 14.24 9.38 11.41 11.17 13.70 11.71 15.00 13.46 10.34 Ce 27.13 31.35 21.00 26.51 23.97 31.20 26.78 33.82 31.78 23.61 Nd 15.92 17.92 13.10 13.17 13.48 17.35 15.08 17.31 15.57 12.71 Sm 3.77 4.02 3.38 3.38 3.47 3.90 3.55 3.97 3.64 3.21 Eu 1.07 1.02 1.00 0.91 0.98 1.07 1.07 1.08 1.04 0.89 Gd 4.30 3.81 3.80 3.30 3.68 4.30 4.30 4.17 4.60 4.00 Tb 0.68 0.66 0.63 0.58 0.63 0.70 0.67 0.71 0.68 0.56 Tm 0.33 0.38 0.40 0.37 0.38 0.37 0.36 0040 0.37 0.36 Yb 2.29 2.61 2,93 2.58 2.68 2,63 2.64 2.83 2.47 2.63 Lu 033 0.39 0.43 0.36 0.41 0.39 0.39 0.37 0.32 0.37 Y 22.0 24.2 25.1 22 22.2 23.7 23.0 24 23 20 Zr IJO 132 107 109 Il6 Il9 130 JI9 133 107 Nb 4.3 5.5 3.8 4.5 5.0 5.0 Hf 2.86 3.33 2.55 2.71 2.97 3.16 2.97 3.40 3.39 2.78 Ta 0.35 0.49 0.38 0.32 0.37 0.48 0.38 0.51 0.47 0.42 Pb 6.5 8.3 5.2 6.4 7.7 5.6 Tb 4.02 5.47 3,15 3.69 3.76 4.68 3,43 4.90 4,73 4.33 U 1.02 1.05 0.72 0.99 1.06 1.30 0.98 1.20 1.15 1.27

RblSr 0.12 0.19 0,14 0.15 0.14 0.16 0.09 0.17 0.17 0.21 KIRb 273 245 262 261 260 257 292 254 247 238 RblZr 0.31 0.34 0.29 0.32 0.31 0.36 0.24 0.39 0.34 0.43 TllZr 42 33 47 39 44 41 46 43 35 41 Nbffa 12.2 11.1 10.1 0.0 12.0 10.4 13.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrlHf 38 40 42 40 39 38 44 35 39 39 Thffa 11.4 11.0 8.4 11.5 10.1 9.8 9.1 9.7 10.1 10.3 BalNb 54 48 47 52 56 47 LalYb 5.7 5.5 3.2 4.4 4.2 5.2 4.4 5.3 5.4 3.9 BalZr 2.1 2.0 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.3 1.8 2.4 1.9 2.2

"Srl"'Sr 0.705339±1I 0.706165±14 0.704766±13 na 0.705000±10 0.705395±O8 0.704532±12 na na na 14JNdI""Nd na 0.512645±O7 n. na na 0.S12701±10 0.512769±O9 na na na eNd na +0.1 n. na na +1.2 +2.6 na no na 206Pbl'''Pb na 18.834±O2 na na na 18.839±O3 18.828±O3 na na na lO'PbP"'Pb na 15.627±O1 na na na 15.631±O2 15.629±O2 na na na "'Pbl''''Pb na 38.743±O3 na na na 38.764±06 38.741±O5 na na na .s"0 na 6.35 na na na 6.59 6.23 nn na

Age(ka) 0.125 0.02 c.0.6 0.04 e.O') c.O.2 e.0.8 c.0.5 c.0.5 c.O.4 Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 193

Vole-slrat unit:.. __-::-::-:-::-_N:..:;::ga:::u::ru:::h~oe~_-=:::-:-:-+_-=:::-::-::--_-==R:::e::::d..::C:::ra::te::::r::-:-::-:-_-=-=:-:fT:.,:e:..:M:::aD::;::' C:::f::-. ,+Y.:.g£...:..:puk::::.:ek:,::aik:=.:·::I' !=-N:::O:.,:rth::.,:::Cf:::.:::te=-f Sample TG288 TG289 TG413 TG112 TG126 TG134 TG135 TG351 TGI52 TG192 Lava group 3A 3A 3B Post-1.8k. Post-1.8k. Pre-1.8ka Pre-1.8ka

SiOz 57.30 58.62 56.22 53.38 53.66 59.47 60.94 59.63 56.89 59.40 TiOz 0.70 0.71 0.72 0.72 0.73 0.70 0.68 0.77 0.57 0.72 AhOJ 16.18 16.58 17.08 15.45 15.62 16.02 15.98 16.86 14.59 16.08 FezOJ' 8.08 7.78 8.88 9.70 9.50 7.20 6.73 7.54 7.93 7.33 MnO 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.16 0.15 0.12 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.12 MgO 5.41 4.43 5.08 7.71 7.38 4.49 3.82 3.23 7.02 4.71 CaO 7.71 7.37 8.21 10.49 10.11 7.23 6.49 6.68 9.18 7.24 NazO 3.17 3.30 2.87 2.43 2.52 3.10 3.31 3.42 2.37 3.14 KzO 1.27 1.37 1.07 0.63 0.72 1.52 1.78 1.50 0.89 1.50 pzO. 0.14 0.15 0.14 0.13 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.16 0.08 0.14 LOI -0.10 -0.29 -0.13 -0.71 -0.67 -0.39 -0.17 0.07 -0.47 -0.33 TOTAL 100.00 100.16 100.30 lOO.Q9 99.85 99.60 99.81 99.99 99.18 100.05

Mg# 57.0 53.0 53.1 61.2 60.6 55.3 52.9 45.9 63.7 56.0

Se 25.67 24.79 31.44 40.03 38.76 26.53 24.24 23.41 32.63 25.90 V 191 180 214 260 254 175 155 175 196 182 Cr 190 108 98 239 200 87 66 27 248 111 Co 50.94 50.00 65.92 49.03 44.84 42.21 39.09 32.49 50.05 37.82 Ni 57 34 32 60 52 19 21 11 38 26 Cu 33.7 26.2 32.6 67.4 n. n. 19.9 na 93.6 n. Zn 74.4 71.0 90.6 83.2 76 72 64.7 70 72.4 81 Ga 20 23 17 19 21 19 21 20 20 20 Rb 45 48 35 18 22 51 64 51 29 54 Sr 225 222 237 278 277 288 269 284 634 309 Cs 2.18 2.75 2.02 1.48 1.35 3.07 3.74 2.06 1.20 3.18 Ba 226 243 204 134 154 319 373 322 198 310 La 10.09 10.99 11.31 7.63 8.20 13.57 15.94 16.35 11.77 15.01 Ce 20.15 21.03 25.29 16.52 17.64 28.64 33.53 33.58 25.60 30.14 Nd 12.34 13.35 13.40 9.40 9.81 16.37 17.76 19.50 12.32 16.72 Sm 3.22 3.24 3.16 2.74 2.84 3.56 3.94 4.08 2.56 3.76 Eu 0.86 0.85 0.96 0.85 0.85 0.93 0.99 1.03 0.75 0.96 Gd 3.30 3.40 3.79 3.32 3.50 3.80 4.27 4.40 2.68 4.10 Tb 0.48 0.53 0.58 0.52 0.55 0.60 0.68 0.70 0.42 0.58 Tm 0.29 0.32 0.36 0.31 0.33 0.36 0.38 0.36 0.24 0.35 Yb 2.07 2.34 2.64 2.20 2.29 2.40 2.60 2.35 1.72 2.54 Lu 0.31 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.34 0.25 0.38 y 21.2 22.6 21.5 18.7 19 24 24.5 22 14.9 22 Zr 103 111 99 79 89 116 146 117 78 115 Nb 4.3 4.5 4.5 2.7 5.8 3.9 Hf 2.70 2.89 2.67 2.00 2.13 3.26 3.83 3.37 2.44 3.11 Ta 0.37 0.41 0.47 0.24 0.25 0.45 0.47 0.46 0.35 0.46 Pb 5.3 6.1 6.8 8.1 10.0 5.8 Tb 3.63 4.34 3.59 2.10 2.17 5.27 6.45 5.66 3.75 5.74 U 1.26 1.02 0.88 0.51 0.64 1.46 1.44 1.26 1.03 1.43

RblSr 0.20 0.22 0.15 0.06 0.08 0.18 0.24 0.18 0.05 0.17 KlRb 234 237 254 290 272 247 231 244 255 231 RbrLr 0.44 0.43 0.35 0.23 0.25 0.44 0.44 0.44 0.37 0.47 TilZr 41 38 44 55 49 36 28 39 44 38 Nbrra 11.7 11.0 9.6 11.3 0.0 0.0 12.4 0.0 11.2 0.0 ZrlHf 38 38 37 40 42 36 38 35 32 37 Thffa 9.9 10.6 7.7 8.8 8.8 11.6 13.8 12.2 10.7 12.4 Ba/Nb 53 54 45 50 64 51 LalYb 4.9 4.7 4.3 3.5 3.6 5.7 6.1 7.0 6.8 5.9 BarLr 2.2 2.2 2.1 1.7 1.7 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.5 2.7

"SrJ"'Sr 0.704720±12 0.704865±1O 0.705470±14 0.704562±1O n. n. 0.705126±11 na 0.7D4442±1O n. 14JNdl14'Nd 0.512785:t05 na 0.512691±12 n. n. n. n. n. 0.512676±06 n. ENd +2.9 n. +1.0 n. n. n. n. n. +0.7 n. Z06Pbl''''Pb 18.840±03 n. 18.844±O2 n. n. n. na n. 18.839±O2 n. Z07Pbl''''Pb 15.645:t03 n. 15.642±O2 n. n. n. n. n. 15.635:t01 n. lOSPbl''''Pb 38.802:t07 n. 38.787±04 n. n. n. na n. 38.762:t03 n. li"O 6.26 n. 6.16 n. n. n. n. n. 6.34 n.

Age (ka) c.O.4 c.O.4 0.04 c.O.5 c.0.5 c.3 c.3 c.14 c.15 c.1O Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 194

Vole-strat unit.__ =.,..,..,_N:..:.o:::rth~C:;:r.:::at::er:...... _-=:~+_-=-:-:=B:.:lu::.e-=L=ak:::e=~--=P..:u:::;ke::::o::::nak::::::;ef-=y~g..:.NE:.:::::O:::t::ur:::erre_-==-:-::-T:.:o:.::n~gan::::·:::ro::,.T:..:.n~·g:....---:== Sample TGl96 TG310 TG317 TG212 TG214 TG280 TG262 TG140 TGl46 TG315 Lava group A B B

SiO, 59.20 58.77 58.92 59.39 58.45 56.52 57.64 6l.l7 59.22 58.21 TiO, 0.78 0.70 0.68 0.68 0.78 0.67 0.82 0.89 0.74 0.68 AI,O, 17.11 16.10 16.23 16.20 17.55 14.52 17.41 16.96 16.57 16.16 Fe,O,' 7.23 7.64 7.47 7.27 7.26 7.54 7.97 7.26 7.72 7.79 MnO 0.12 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.14 MgO 4.08 4.51 4.62 4.74 3.75 9.21 4.17 2.18 4.12 3.92 CaO 6.93 7.14 7.04 7.08 5.84 7.34 7.46 5.71 7.03 6.87 Na,O 3.25 3.07 3.10 3.15 3.08 2.82 3.03 3.68 3.31 3.27 K,O 1.45 1.46 1.49 1.46 1.71 1.39 1.33 1.80 1.46 1.50 P,O. 0.15 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.15 0.14 0.15 0.18 0.14 0.14 LOI -0.42 0.50 0.07 -0.14 0.41 0.15 0.04 0.43 -0.45 0.27 TOTAL 99.88 100.17 99.90 100.11 99.09 100.42 100.16 100.38 99.98 98.95

Mg# 52.8 53.9 55.1 56.4 50.6 70.8 50.9 37.3 51.4 49.9

Sc 24.87 26.30 25.81 25.99 24.89 27.57 28.16 22.91 24.99 25.11 V 180 173 174 171 140 180 215 156 190 178 Cr 36 II5 130 III 40 424 27 7 74 83 Co 38.95 50.81 40.67 41.81 27.07 52.31 34.96 24.21 34.71 59.40 Ni II 26 31 26 17 220 8 3 25 25 Cu na na na na na 76.5 14.0 na na na Zn 76 78 75 74 84 66.3 80.2 74 77 73 Ga 20 20 14 19 22 18 22 23 21 19 Rb 53 52 52 51 62 53 45 67 49 51 Sr 281 266 269 302 258 274 264 284 261 257 Cs 2.89 2.75 2.94 2.44 3.70 2.98 2.25 1.35 1.38 2.19 Ba 326 313 308 332 419 316 324 391 3II 313 La 14.67 15.00 14.46 16.02 14.00 12.58 12.54 21.51 16.87 16.43 Ce 31.28 31.62 29.68 35.62 30.00 25.78 27.09 39.08 35.90 34.32 Nd 16.31 17.05 17.58 16.53 14.99 14.79 13.72 23.74 20.66 19.48 Sm 3.65 4.18 3.61 4.04 3.30 3.34 3.54 4.91 4.60 4.27 Eu 0.95 0.96 0.91 1.03 1.02 0.86 0.96 l.l5 1.03 1.07 Gd 3.80 4.01 3.91 4.40 3.87 3.50 3.43 5.21 5.47 4.90 Tb 0.57 0.65 0.58 0.66 0.58 0.53 0.53 0.80 0.79 0.69 Tm 0.34 0.34 0.32 0.39 0.31 0.28 0.28 0.38 0.40 0.37 Yb 2.37 2.35 2.11 2.73 2.23 1.93 2.08 2.57 2.68 2.61 Lu 0.35 0.34 0.31 0.39 0.32 0.30 0.28 0.37 0.37 0.37 Y 21 19 19 21 18 18.6 21.2 28 26 25 Zr III 113 118 120 130 127 127 140 109 137 Nb 4.2 5.2 Hf 3.17 3.66 3.15 3.39 3.73 3.53 3.13 3.95 3.19 3.59 Ta 0.52 0.51 0.46 0.51 0.51 0.38 0.38 0.51 0.44 0.44 Pb 8.7 7.2 Th 5.86 5.51 5.53 5.92 6.82 5.72 5.22 6.59 5.13 5.75 U 1.39 1.56 l.l8 1.37 1.47 1.44 1.31 1.60 1.24 1.50

RblSr 0.19 0.20 0.19 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.17 0.24 0.19 0.20 KlRb 227 233 238 238 229 218 245 223 247 244 RblZr 0.48 0.46 0.44 0.43 0.48 0.42 0.35 0.48 0.45 0.37 TilZr 42 37 35 34 36 32 39 38 41 30 Nbffa 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.2 13.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 ZrIHf 35 31 37 35 35 36 41 35 34 38 Thffa 11.3 10.9 12.0 1l.5 13.4 15.2 13.6 12.8 1l.5 13.0 Ba/Nb 75 62 LalYb 6.2 6.4 6.9 5.9 6.3 6.5 6.0 8.4 6.3 6.3 BalZr 2.9 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.2 2.5 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.3

"Sr!'''Sr na na na na na 0.704758±1l 0.705700±13 na na na "'Ndl14'Nd na na na na na na 0.512685±20 na na na ENd na na na na na na -+D.9 na na na lO'Pb/lO'Pb na na na na na na 18.838±O2 na na na 207Pb/lO'Pb na na na na na na 15.632±O2 na na na lO'Pb/lO'Pb na na na na na na 38.763±04 na na na 0"0 na na na na na na 6.46 na na na

Age (ka) c.1O c.10 c.10 c.1O c.1O c.23 c.25 c.90 c.80 c.65 Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 195

:~;~atunit~T~O~nT~g~~:~~~;~--~T~GO~5~1----~T~G~05~5~--~T~G~0~72~--~T~G~07~4~S-W~O~~~~~~7~0~--~T~G~0~8~4----T~G~0~8~6----~T~G~16~9~--~T~G~17~8 Lava group A B A A A A B A A A

SiO, 61.23 58.87 63.48 59.29 57.57 59.78 58.69 62.65 60.20 62,00 TiO, 0.79 0.82 0.74 0.88 0.86 0.88 0.73 0.79 0.84 0.83 AJ,O, 17.30 17.34 16.08 17.85 17.70 17.74 16.96 16.67 17.22 16.80 Fe,O,· 6.60 7.50 6.13 7.57 7.95 7.30 7.51 6.65 6.64 6.90 MnO 0.10 0.13 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.11 MgO 2.30 3.79 2.09 3.17 3.38 2.71 3.86 2.36 2.47 2.39 CaO 5.87 7.27 4.72 6.71 6.96 6.12 7.21 5.33 5.71 5.68 Na,O 3.57 3.29 3.69 3.80 3.69 3.83 3.23 3.65 3.53 3.55 K,O 1.81 1.34 2.17 1.37 1.19 1,45 1.30 1.95 1.84 1.87 P,O. 0.17 0.14 0.17 0.18 0.19 0.19 0.14 0.17 0.21 0.17 LOI 0.63 -D.51 -0.05 -0.65 -0.03 -om -0.18 -0.42 1.47 -0.37 TOTAL 100.37 99.98 99.33 100.29 99.59 100.05 99.57 99.92 100.24 99.93

Mg# 40.8 50.0 40.3 45.3 45.7 42,4 50.4 41.3 42.4 40.7

Sc 22.51 25.55 17.04 21.33 22.79 19.04 25.74 20.19 18.92 19.96 V 185 191 112 183 195 177 178 131 164 156 Cr 10 14 11 10 11 9 13 8 9 9 Co 39.28 50.02 36.68 33,45 40.15 29.19 31.27 23.63 30.01 30.68 Ni 7 10 6 8 7 6 8 5 5 5 Cu nu 19.1 11.4 n. 28.4 24.2 24.4 12.5 n. n. Zn 90 71.5 66.0 74 83.2 70.4 71.5 66.9 77 65 Ga 15 22 20 21 23 22 21 22 21 23 Rb 68 45 79 43 35 43 44 70 61 65 Sr 267 262 249 317 319 313 267 276 318 271 Cs 3.79 1.37 2.77 1.96 1.78 0.92 1.47 lAO 3.19 1.93 Ba 375 321 430 341 310 335 304 410 353 390 La 17.40 15.60 16.60 14.71 15.86 15.66 15.77 14.52 18.35 15.45 Ce 39.08 32.31 34.50 32.82 31.60 34.01 31.69 29.51 40.94 34.24 Nd 19.62 17.05 15.28 15.00 19.10 18.50 18.20 18.21 20.03 17.50 Sm 4.66 4.04 3.98 4.30 434 4.36 3.92 4.03 5.24 4.28 En 1.25 1.07 L01 1.23 1.18 1.21 1.12 1.08 1.36 1.11 Gd 4.69 4.40 3.60 4.64 4.70 5.10 435 4.10 SAO 3.50 Tb 0.74 0.69 0.55 0.74 0.69 0.71 0.67 0.67 0.88 0.61 Tm 0.40 0.38 0.34 0041 0.41 0,42 0040 0.35 OA2 0.37 Vb 2.84 2.66 2.61 2.83 2,76 2.89 2.75 2.55 2.85 2.50 Lu 0.43 0.37 0.46 0,40 0.39 OAO 0.36 0,41 0.42 0.37 y 23 23.5 23.5 27 26.6 26.4 25.1 22.8 28 23 Zr 135 129 156 107 124 109 100 148 122 136 Nb 4.8 6.7 4.9 5.3 4.6 6.4 Hf 4.19 3.30 4.39 3.28 2.93 3.27 3.37 4.34 3.44 3.88 Ta 0.63 0.44 0.55 0,42 0041 0,47 0.39 0.56 0.37 0.51 Ph 8.2 10.9 7.2 5.8 5.4 7.0 Tb 7.21 4.92 7.86 4.16 4.21 4.29 5,02 7.12 5.10 6.54 U 1.73 L16 2.00 1.11 1.16 1.34 0,68 1.52 1.27 1.74

RbiSr 0.25 0.17 0.32 0.14 0.11 0.14 0.16 0.25 0.19 0.24 KIRb 221 247 228 264 282 280 245 231 250 239 RbfZr 0.50 0.35 0.51 0040 0.28 0.39 0044 0.47 0.50 0.48 TilZr 35 38 28 49 42 48 44 32 41 37 Nbtra 0.0 10.9 12.1 0.0 12.0 11.2 11.8 11.4 0.0 0.0 ZrlHf 32 39 36 33 42 33 30 34 35 35 Tbtra 11.5 11.1 14.2 9.8 10.3 9.1 12.9 12.7 13.8 12.8 BalNb 67 64 63 63 66 64 La/Yb 6.1 5.9 6,4 5.2 5,8 5.4 5.7 5.7 6,4 6.2 BafZr 2.8 2.5 2.8 3.2 2.5 3,1 3.0 2.8 2.9 2.9

"Srt'Sr na 0.705293±1O 0.70553D±13 n. 0.705118±1O 0.705116±20 0.705267",13 0.705414±12 n. n. "'NdI"'Nd na nu 0.512706±20 n. n. 0.512744±1D nn n. n. n. eNd na na +1.3 n. nu +2.1 nn nu n. n. "'Pbl""Pb na na 18.823±O3 n. na nu n. n. na n. ""PbP"Pb nn nu 15.622±O2 na n. n. n. na n. n. '''PbI'''Pb nu nu 38.722±05 n. n. n. n. n. n. n. 01'0 nu nu 6.31 na n. n. n. n. n. na

Age (ka) c.70 87±1O c.95 c.80 77±14 109±13 97±1O 114±9 c.110 95±1D Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 196

Volc-strat uni.t__ -= ____...,,::S:.:.W:...o::.:::tu::.:re:.:re=-=_--:=:-:-:-i-=-p.:;u;;;ke;;;k:::ai:::ki:::or:;;el-_=~--==:--_-:T=:am~u=2::-_-=:=-::---==~ Sample TGl82 TG232 TG238 TG240 TG265 TG292 TG300 TG373 TG376 TG381 LaYa group A ABC A B A A A

SiO, 62.69 60.33 59.32 57.81 60.55 59.28 56.55 59.21 60.91 59.29 TiO, 0.80 0.82 0.71 0.64 0.62 0.64 0.71 0.56 0.54 0.63 AhO, 16.43 16.91 17.51 16.52 16.45 16.51 17.96 16.99 17.29 16.83 Fe,O,' 6.81 7.19 7.14 7.57 6.55 7.45 8.39 7.36 6.39 6.91 MnO 0.11 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.11 0.14 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.12 MgO 2.42 2.86 3.78 5,47 3.76 4.14 4.13 3.49 2.55 3.55 CaO 5.25 6.36 7.01 7.08 6.73 6.89 7.72 6.85 5.96 6.68 Na,O 3.64 3.51 3.41 2.82 3.28 3.28 3.41 3.45 3.66 3.37 K,O 1.96 1.70 1.33 1.27 1.31 1.22 0.93 1.19 1,45 1.44 P,O. 0.17 0.15 0.14 0.12 0.12 0.11 0.14 0.12 0.17 0.13 LOI 0.01 0.30 ·0.12 0.88 -0.20 0.24 0.Q3 0.00 0.56 -0.33 TOTAL 100.29 100.26 100.35 100.31 99.28 99.90 100.12 99.34 99.61 98.62

Mglt 41.3 44.1 51.2 58.9 53.2 52.4 49.4 48.4 44.1 50.4

Sc 16.8 23.95 24.0 30.37 21.97 21.43 24.75 21.46 14.75 22.28 V 127 182 192 211 153 166 192 166 119 162 Cr 9 11 38 138 38 53 25 26 29 39 Co na 47.76 nu 35.22 32.11 45.22 61.25 37.31 23.56 60.22 Ni 5 7 15 44 13 22 16 19 14 18 Cn 13.3 18.9 19.3 67.2 fl. na na na 36.6 42.2 Zn 62.2 87.0 72.9 74.3 61 66 76 71 69.3 63.2 Ga 21 20 19 21 21 20 20 20 21 17 Rb 72 56 44 41 41 39 25 38 46 47 Sr 272 253 342 220 270 232 270 215 281 301 Cs nU 2.96 n. 2.42 1.00 0.S3 0.92 1.07 2.36 1.33 Ba 438 396 319 255 319 298 222 282 361 333 La 21.1 16.47 11.7 8.86 9.75 8.96 9.63 9.58 13.33 15.17 Ce 43.2 36.36 24.3 17.84 20.51 19.81 20.79 21.09 27.10 29.22 Nd 23.0 19.89 12.7 8.58 11.98 10.03 14.29 11.97 16.82 16.00 Sm na 4.10 nu 2.14 2.76 2.85 3.07 3.28 3.42 3.69 Eu nu 1.15 nu 0.76 0.78 0.77 0.95 0.85 0.89 1.00 Gd nU 4.70 n. 2.70 2.90 3.30 3.97 3.60 3.77 4.08 Tb nu 0.72 nu 0.41 0.49 0.52 0.60 0.61 0.55 0.58 Tm nu 0.38 na 0.28 0.30 0.31 0.32 0.36 0.31 0.34 Vb n. 2.70 na 2.09 2.00 2.10 2.16 2.41 2.14 2,49 Ln flU 0.41 na 0.33 0.30 0.31 0.31 0.35 0.31 0.37 V 27.1 25.2 18.8 16.6 20 19 21 22 24.8 22.8 Zr 146 133 108 119 114 104 93 97 97 98 Nb 6.5 6.1 4.6 4.2 4.1 4.2 Hf nu 3.76 nu 3.02 2.68 2.62 2.44 2.59 2.64 3.27 Ta n. 0.55 na 0.43 0.34 0.27 0.29 0.31 0.33 0.42 Pb 10.2 10.4 7.9 5.2 6.3 6.5 Th 8.0 6.38 4.4 5.03 4.03 3.08 2.52 3.18 3.84 4.98 U nu 1.53 nu 1.37 1.18 1.06 0.75 1.01 1.09 1.24

RblSr 0.26 0.22 0.13 0.19 0.15 0.17 0.09 0.18 0.16 0.16 KlRb 226 252 251 257 265 260 309 260 262 254 RbiZr 0.49 0.42 0.41 0.34 0.36 0.38 0.27 0.39 0.47 0.48 TilZr 33 37 39 32 33 37 46 35 33 39 NbIl'a 11.0 9.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.4 10.0 ZrlHf 35 39 43 40 38 37 37 30 TbIl'a 11.5 11.8 11.9 11.3 8.8 10.4 11.6 11.9 BalNb 67 65 69 61 88 79 LalYb 6.1 4.2 4.9 4.3 4.5 4.0 6.2 6.1 Bafl.r 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.1 2.8 2.9 2.4 2.9 3.7 3.4

"Srl""Sr 0.705431±1O 0.706193±12 0.704936±14 0.704876±14 n. na na na O.704948±1l 0.704917±07 14JNd/'44Nd n. 0.512629±06 na 0.512762±O5 n. n. nn na nu na eNd na -0.2 na +2.4 na na n. na n. nu ""PbI'MPb n. 18.854±O2 nu n. na na na nu nn no "'Pb,MPb n. 15.638±O1 n. n. n. n. nu n. no nu ""Pb'"'Pb fl. 38.790±04 flU 0. na n. na n. no nu &"0 na 6.57 na fl. nn nu na na n. no

Age (ka) 91±9 c.75 c.50 cAO 158*14 203±11 207±IS 204:!:15 c.205 c.205 Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 197

Vole-slral nnit:....___ T.!.:am~a:..:2=-_-+_-==~ ______--:::c::"C-o-_---::...,:.N::;E:.;O:::I=Ur~er:.:;e---,,..- __---,--: __ = __ ---::::::::-= Sample TG391 TG394 TG047 T009S TGloo TGl03 TG10S TOllS TGl21 TGI22 Lavagroop A A B A A A A A A A

SiO, 61,47 61.11 59.88 61.04 60,02 62.16 57.13 56.35 57.73 58.83 TiO, 0.54 0.65 0.64 0.62 0.60 0.56 0.63 0.68 0.65 0.62 Al,O, 17.23 17.46 16.82 17.14 16.54 16.28 15.07 15.01 15.09 16.18 Fe,O,· 6.22 6.54 6.81 6.44 6.72 5,98 7.57 7.76 7.40 6.74 MuO 0.11 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.11 0,10 0.13 0.14 0.13 0.13 MgO 2.75 2.88 3.61 3.73 4.48 3.54 6.55 7.12 5.82 5.46 CaO 6.17 5.78 6.82 6.74 7.02 6.46 8.29 8.72 8.18 7.44 Na,O 3.47 3,48 3.46 3.47 3.32 3.39 2.78 2.65 2.74 3.04 K,O 1.52 1.55 1.21 1,24 1.17 1.38 1.12 0.99 1.23 1.37 P,O. 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.12 0.11 0.11 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.13 LOI 0.03 0.40 -0.49 -0.53 0.12 -0.28 -0.11 0.83 0.45 0.11 TOTAL 99.64 100.10 99.00 100.12 100.21 99.68 99.29 100.38 99.55 100.05

Mg# 46.7 46.6 51.2 53.4 56.9 54.0 63.2 64.5 60.9 61.6

Sc 18.40 18.83 21.34 21.62 25.27 19.34 29.15 32.29 30.1 24.44 V 134 147 161 145 175 169 189 186 191 169 Cr 20 21 22 36 61 54 200 260 164 142 Co 33.24 22.38 47.09 30.49 36.58 23.71 37.96 41.17 no 56.93 Ni 10 10 12 19 23 20 52 53 27 38 Cn no no 32.9 29.9 na 25,0 49.1 52.0 37.8 41.6 Zn 56 58 67.1 58.0 58 61.7 72.9 74.3 75.7 97.5 Ga 19 16 22 21 20 21 18 21 21 20 Rb 51 55 33 39 37 45 33 31 39 51 Sr 246 229 259 252 242 230 330 326 408 344 Cs 1.18 1.74 1.42 1.17 1.29 2.30 1.37 1.90 nu 2.72 Ba 376 409 291 320 308 326 236 220 239 297 La 13.03 16.54 10.99 10.54 9.62 10.00 11.15 11.04 12.5 12.74 C. 28.37 28.38 22.86 21.13 21.28 25.29 22.60 25.81 26.8 24.46 Nd 15.29 15.44 14.64 11.69 13.19 12.61 13.22 14.86 14.4 15.39 Sm 3.26 3.48 2.99 2.74 2.99 3.30 3.25 3.21 no 4.03 Eu 0.84 0.93 0.84 0.81 0.90 0.83 0.96 0.92 no 1.05 Gd 3.59 3.82 3.20 3.30 3.40 3.70 3.80 3.10 nn 4.70 Th 0.57 0.61 0.48 0.52 0.54 0.55 0.52 0.46 no 0.72 Tm 0.32 0.33 0.30 0.31 0.34 0.37 0.33 0.29 no 0.37 Vb 2.24 2.36 2.13 2.17 2.44 2.80 2.17 2.04 na 2.51 Lu 0.34 0.34 0.33 0.33 0.32 0041 0.28 0.32 nn 0.35 Y 20 25 21.4 20 21 24.7 20.6 18.2 20.4 23.7 Zr 109 106 1I4 108 J08 J07 II3 108 93 102 Nb 4.0 3,4 4.2 3.6 4.1 4.3 Hr 3.06 3.08 2.57 2.73 3.31 2.88 2.81 2.73 na 2.90 Ta 0.40 0.41 0.33 0.32 0.28 0.29 0.33 0.35 nn 0.48 Pb 6.4 6.2 6.1 8.6 6.0 7.4 Th 4.94 4.76 3.67 3.96 3.75 4.15 4.02 3.68 3.9 4.69 U 1.21 1.24 1.20 1.02 0.92 1.31 0.99 0.75 no 1.23

RblSr 0.21 0.24 0.13 0.15 0.15 0.20 0.10 0.10 0.10 0.15 KlRb 247 234 304 264 262 254 282 265 262 223 RblZr 0.47 0.52 0.29 0.36 0.34 0.42 0.29 0.29 0.42 0.50 TilZr 30 37 34 34 33 31 33 38 42 36 Nbrra 0.0 0.0 11.9 0.0 0.0 11.7 12.9 10.3 9.0 ZrllIf 36 34 44 40 33 37 40 40 35 Tbffa 12.3 11.7 11.0 12.4 13.6 14.3 12.3 10.5 9.8 BalNb 73 96 56 61 58 69 La/Yb 5.8 7.0 5.2 4.9 3.9 3.6 5.1 SA 5.1 BaJZr 3.4 3.9 2.6 3.0 2.9 3.0 2.1 2.0 2.6 2.9

"Srl"'Sr no na 0.704980:.:14 0.704956:>:10 na 0.704813±12 0.704854±13 0.704861:0:10 0.704600±13 0.704778±14 JlJNdl1"Nd no nu na no n. na no nn na no eNd nu no no no no no nn no na n. ""Pbl'''Pb nu nu no nn no no na no no na , 117Pb/'''Pb nu no nu no na no nn no no na lO'PbPo'Pb na na no n. na nn no no na nn 0"0 na na no nO na no no na no

Age (ka) c.208 c.208 103%18 173:>:10 <.200 89:t-21 0.90 c.120 c.125 c.12S Appendix 13 Major element, high-precision trace element and isotope chemical analyses 198

Vole-strat uni.l_ .;.NE.:::.;O::;I:::;ur::e:.:re+-_.:.T:::;am::.:u:.;I:.j-____-.:x:::en::.:o:.:li:::;lh:::;s ____ Sample TG242 TGI36 TG267B TG269 TG273B Lava group A

SiO, 57.91 60.67 63.87 71.59 89.73 TiO, 0.68 0.52 0040 0.01 om AhO, 16.43 17.34 9.26 2.09 4.53 Fe,O,' 7.19 6.49 1.81 0.93 0.50 MnO 0.11 0.12 0.13 0.13 0.04 MgO 5.14 3.78 0.70 0.32 0.12 CaO 7.24 6.49 21.57 23.89 4.00 Na,O 3.06 3.42 1.38 0.12 0.31 K,O 1.31 1.09 0.40 0.D3 0.02 P,O. 0.13 0.13 0.13 0.02 0.03 LOI 0.62 0.23 0.83 0.72 0.20 TOTAL 99.82 100.28 100.48 99.85 99.48

Mg/t 58.6 53.6 42.5 40.0 33.0

Se 25.49 20.75 7.11 l.II 1.6 V 184 169 38 13 14 Cr 138 57 32 4 3 Co 43.85 30.89 nu nu nu Ni 39 20 11 7 7 Cu 57.0 on 6.5 8.1 23.4 Zn 74.S 67 44.7 17.0 16.9 Ga 21 21 23 II 12 Rb 44 33 II 4 Sr 335 255 694 493 119 Cs 2.36 1.21 nu na nu Ba 297 294 114 35 39 La 12.74 9.11 29.7 1.4 l.II Ce 26.24 21.03 52.0 11.4 1.11 Nd 15.07 9.30 22.4 1.7 1.1 Sm 3.28 2.23 na na nu Eu 0.91 0.69 nu na na Gd 3.40 3.00 nu na nu Tb 0.55 0.45 nu na nu Tm 0.30 0.26 na na nu Vb 2.10 1.77 na na nu Lu 0.31 0.27 na na n. y 20.0 18 17.3 3.3 1.0 Zr 107 96 192 10 5 Nb 4.7 4.6 0.2 0.3 Hf 3.26 2.07 na na nu Ta 0.46 0.29 na na nu Pb 7.6 3.8 0.8 0.3 Th 5.10 2.86 6.' 0.1 1.0 U 1.41 0.79 na na na

RblSr 0.13 0.13 0.02 0.01 0.01 KlRb 247 274 302 62 166 RblZr 0.41 0.34 0.06 0.40 0.20 Tillr 38 32 12 6 12 Nbrra 10.2 0.0 zrmr 33 46 Thrra 11.1 9.9 BalNb 63 25 175 130 La/Yb 6.1 5.1 BafZ.r 2.8 3.1 0.6 3.5 7.8

"Srf"sr O.704740±10 nu 0.708169:1:14 0.708008:1:15 0.707559:1:10 4J ' Nd/'''Nd 0.512737::1:20 na 0.512431:05 0.512400::1:21 0.512531::1:26 eNd +1.9 nn -4.0 -4.6 -2.1 ''''Pbf'''Pb 18.809±03 nn 18.853:02 18.756:02 no 2O'Pb,<>4pb 15.615:03 na 15.659:01 15.649:02 nn ""Pb,><>4pb 38.697:06 na 38.765:04 38.714:04 nn 11"0 6.36 nu nu na no

Age(ka) c.125 273::1:22 Partition Coefficient Values and Crustal Assimilant Compositions 199

APPENDIX 14 PARTITION COEFFICIENT VALUES AND CRUSTAL ASSIMILANT COMPOSITIONS

Geochemical modelling in Chapter 7 includes calculation of trends for fractional crystallization as described by the Rayleigh Law. These calculations utilised trace element phenocryst/melt partition coefficients (Kd's) selected from those recommended for basaltic andesites and andesites in the literature (Table A14.l).

AFC calculations (after DePaolo, 1981) required Torlesse and Waipapa crustal compositions from the literature. Table A14.2 summarises the Graham et al. (1992) average isotopic compositions for the Torlesse and Waipapa metasediments which are used in the Tongariro AFC modelling. Full trace element analyses are scarce, the main source being in the form of XRF data in the PhD thesis of Graham (1985a). Additional unpublished INAA trace element data for four samples were kindly supplied by I.J. Graham for Ce, Nd, Eu, Tb, Yb, Lu, Hf, Ta, and Th (analysed by I. Gibson, University of Waterloo). The analyses of these samples are presented in Table A14.3 and are appropriate for Tongariro AFC calculations because they are samples of nearby (less than 10-20 km distant) Torlesse and Waipapa basement encountered during drilling and tunnelling for the Rangipo Power Scheme. Averages of the two Torlesse analyses and the two Waipapa analyses are used in the modelling because the averaged compositions correspond reasonably well to the averaged compositions presented by Graham et al. (1992) (as judged from those elements common to both data sets) and partial analyses of other workers (e.g. Reid, 1983; Frost and Coombs, 1989). Table A14.3 Chemical analyses ofTorlesse and Waipapa basemen! in vicinity of Tongariro Volcanic Complex. All data from Graham (198Sa) apart from INAA data in bold which are unpublished analyses kindly supplied by D. Graham (analysed by I. Gibson. University of Waterloo). "l::j~ Sample VUW 17503 VUW17830 Model Torlesse VUW17838 VUW17833 Model Waipapa !'»;:s R7043 (field number) R221B (field number) Average ofVUW17S03 B2D (field number) B4A (field number) Average of VUW 17838 \:l.. Location T201495043 1'201501158 and VUWI7830 analyses 3191244303 SI91261321 and VUWl7833 analyses ~. cutting from Moawhango drillcore (93.3m) from used in trace element AFC drilleore (89.9m) from drillcore (l31.4m) from used in trace element AFC "- Tunnel, Rangipo Scheme Rangipo Scheme models (Ch 7) Rangipo Scheme Rangipo Scheme models (Ch 7) ~ Description Torlesse greywacke Torlesse greywacke Waipapa greywacke Waip.pa greyw.cke ." grey, sheared, fine sand grey, folialed, fine sand grey, massive. medium greYI massive, medium \:l..., re wacke tectonic mix re wacke sand, 15% >2mm clasls sand wilh 1-2mm clasts :::to 5';:s SiO, 55.93 74.61 65.27 58.75 63.13 60.94 <"l TiO, 0.90 0.32 0.61 1.03 0.91 0.97 C AIzO, 20.72 12.18 16.45 16.42 15.11 15.77 Fe,O,' 6.22 2.06 4.14 8.32 5.68 7.00 %<"l 1\;' MnO 0.08 0.04 0.06 0.12 0.09 0.11 ;:s MgO 2.13 0.60 L37 2.70 2.12 2.41 .... ":! CaO 1.62 2.09 1.86 3.91 3.70 3.81 \:l Na,O 2.62 3.76 3.19 3.63 4.20 3.92 ii: K,O 5.12 1.74 3.43 1.95 1.79 1.87 '" P,O. 0.30 0.09 \::) 0.20 0.22 0.20 0.21 '";:s LOI 4.11 2.27 3.19 2.71 2.81 2.76 \:l.. TOTAL 99.87 99.83 99.76 99.34 99.73 99.75 <"l i:1 Sc 15 5 10 [8 16 17 '" V 173 34 104 178 139 159 fi Cr 67 19 43 36 25 31 \:l Ni 27 5 16 15 9 12 ~§. Cu 26 5 16 33 26 30 Zn 140 44 92 98 84 91 ;:s~ Ga 27 10 19 18 16 17 ...... Rb 214 71 143 51 49 50 <"l Sr 236 293 265 567 380 474 C Da 997 327 662 651 384 518 ~ La 34 16 25 19 14 17 C C. 98.51 51.21 74.86 40.78 44.86 42.82 ::;..'" Nd 47.81 23.05 35.43 2L10 21.93 21.52 ;:s6' En 1.96 0.88 1.42 1.29 1.22 1.26 Tb 0.83 0.39 0.61 0.49 0.49 0.49 '" Yb 3.51 1.87 2,69 2.09 2.28 2.19 Ln 0.53 0.26 0.40 0.28 0.31 0.30 Y 35 17 26 25 22 24 Zr 195 151 173 183 158 171 Nb \4 5 10 5 6 6 Hf 5.82 4.21 5.02 3.85 4.19 4.02 Ta 1.51 1.20 1.36 0.67 0.86 0.77 Pb 27 19 23 16 15 16 Th 19.07 9.82 14.45 6.48 7.10 6.79 U 4.2 2.0 3.1 2.6 2.5 2.6

KlRb 199 203 200 317 303 310 DnlNb 71 65 70 130 64 94 ~ LalYb 9.7 8.6 9.3 9.1 6.1 7.6 0 BalZr 5.1 2.2 3.8 3.6 2.4 3.0 Appendix 14 Partition coefficient values and crustal assimilant compositions 201

Table A14.1 Partition coefficient (Kd) values used in trace element modelling calculations in Chapter 7.

Olivine OrthoE.z:roxene Clinoexroxene Pla~ioclase Ma~netite Hornblende K 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.17 0.01 0.33 Rb 0.01 0.02 0.Q2 0.07 0.01 0.05 Sr 0.01 0.03 0.08 2.50 0.01 0.23 Ba 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.23 0,01 0.10 La om 0.03 0.05 0.20 0.10 0.50 Ce 0.01 0.03 0.20 0.15 0.20 0.79 Nd 0.01 0.03 0.24 0.15 0.10 1.33 Sm 0.01 0.05 0.70 0.07 0.30 1.80 Eu 0.01 0.05 0.70 0.34 0.25 1.50 Yb 0.01 0.34 0.90 0.07 0.25 1.60 Zr 0.01 0.04 0.25 0.03 0.20 1.40 Y 0.01 0.30 1.10 0.06 0.50 2.50 Ni 20.00 8.00 4.00 0.01 10.00 10.00 Cr 2.00 9.00 10.00 0.01 32.00 30.00

Table A14.2 Average Torlesse and Waipapa metasediment endmember compositions from Graham et. al. (1992).

Torlesse Waieaea Si02 65.0 61.1 Ah03 16.6 15.8

Rb 152 85 Sr 217 309 Nd 35 22 Pb 19 17

87Srf6Sr 0.71459 0.70718 143Ndll44Nd 0.51241 0.51266 ENd -4.5 +0.4 206pb/2Il4Pb 18.859 18.788 207PbP04Pb 15.646 15.618 01&0 +12.0 +9.9 Petrography, Mineralogy, and Whole-Rock Chemistry for Two Ruapehu Samples 202

APPENDIX 15 PETROGRAPHY, MINERALOGY AND WHOLE-ROCK CHEMISTRY FOR TWO RUAPEHU SAMPLES

As explained in Section 3.2.4, two samples of lava flows (TG035 and TG036) were collected near Lower Tama Lake where younger Ruapehu lavas overlie much older Tama 1 cone remnants. Petrological description of these samples has been reserved for this appendix only, although the samples have been listed in Appendix 1. TG035 has a K-Ar age determination of 37±5 ka (4°Ar*=1.503 lO-13mol/g; %Ar (rad)=5.5), and although TG035 and TG036 are not stratigraphically adjacent, it is assumed that TG036 is of a similar age.

AIS.I PETROGRAPHY

A full petrographic description is presented for TG035, and a less detailed description for TG036. Point-counting of phenocryst modal % was conducted for TG035. Definitions and explanatory notes are contained in Appendix 3 and 4.

TG03S: Textures. Holocrystalline, fine-grained, strongly porphyritic, glomerocrystic, seriate (grain size ranges from 0.2 to 3.0 mm), non-vesicular. Phenocrysts. 33.0%

Plagioclase 24.1 %, euhedral-subhedral, An5()"8o, normal, oscillatory and patchy zoning, weakly sieved;

Orthopyroxene 5.1 %, euhedral-subhedral, En5S-69, normal zoning; Appendix 15 Petrography, mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry for two Ruapehu samples 203

Clinopyroxene 2.2%, euhedral-subhedral, augite, normal zoning;

Fe-Ti oxides 1.6%, subhedral, <0.2 ITIm, magnetite and ilmenite; Groundmass. 67%, microcrystalline, sub-pilotaxitic.

TG036: Textures. Hypocrystalline, fine-grained, moderately porphyritic, glomerocrystic; Phenocrysts. plagioclase (weakly sieved»> orthopyroxene =clinopyroxene> oxides; Groundmass. microcrystalline,glass-bearing, sub-pilotaxitic, moderately oxidised.

AlS.2 MINERAL CHEMICAL ANALYSES

Electron microprobe analyses of plagioclase (PLAG), clinopyroxene (CPX) , orthopyroxene (OPX), and ilmenite (JLM) phases in TG035 are presented in Table AI5.1. Analytical procedures and data quality assessments are described in Appendix 8, Section A8.2. Definitions of terms and abbreviations used in Table A15.1 are contained in Appendix 9.

A15.3 WHOLE-ROCK CHEMICAL AND ISOTOPIC ANALYSES

Table A15.2 presents whole-rock geochemical data for TG035 and TG036, which were obtained using a number of different sources and analytical procedures (as for Appendix 13). Major element, trace element (including rare earth element), radiogenic isotope, and CIPW normative compositions are reported in Table A15.2. Discussion of this mixed data set and analytical procedures may be found in Appendices 8 and 13. Of the two Ruapehu samples, more precise data are available for TG035. Table AIS.I Mineral cherrucal analyses ofTG035 Ruapehu lava.

Minerai PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG PLAG Mlneflll CPX CPX CPX Analysis 0888C 0891R 0894C 0893R 0909C 09 lOR 0923C 0924R 0925C 0926R 0927C 09281 0929R AnalysIs 0880C 0882R 0902C Sample TG035 TG03S TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 Sample TG035 TG035 TG035 Cryslal I 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 6 6 6 Crystal I 2

Slo, 55.12 56.67 56.35 55.18 51.90 5554 55.63 55.66 55.34 55.96 48.58 55.68 54.82 SID, 52,37 52.10 52.03 TIO, 0.03 om 0.04 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.04 0.D2 0.02 0.02 TIO, 0.25 0.65 0.73 AhO, 2659 26.78 26.23 26.62 30.44 28.12 27.75 27.49 27.02 26.56 32.00 28.23 27.94 AhO, 256 2.03 2.24 FeO 0.43 0.50 0.38 0.42 0.43 051 0.41 0.44 0.38 0.36 0.37 0.38 0.41 FeO 8.71 11.33 10.55 MnO 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 MnO 0.08 0.22 0.21 MgO 0.05 0.06 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.D2 0.D3 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.04 0.00 MgO 14.41 13.79 14.62 CaO 10.77 10.38 10.05 10.39 13.54 9.84 11.35 11.13 11.31 10.41 16.57 11.66 11.74 CaD 19.67 18.35 17.43 Na,O 4.95 5.20 5.27 5.03 3.58 5.16 4.85 4.87 4.88 5.29 2.24 4.82 4.71 Na,O 0.28 0.32 0.36 K,O 0.41 0.43 0.47 0.39 0.24 0.45 0,39 0.39 0.41 0.43 0.10 0.33 0,32 K,D 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,O, 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr,O, 0.66 0.00 0.09 NIO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.D2 0.00 0.00 0.00 NIO 0.00 0.06 0.12 TOTAL 98.35 100.10 98.82 98.06 100.18 99.66 100.50 100.08 99.42 99.10 99.88 10 1.15 99.97 TOTAL 98.99 98.83 98.37

Number of callons on basIs of Jl oxygens Number or cations on SI 10.118 10.203 10.265 10.144 9.427 10.034 10.004 10.045 10.061 10.183 8.931 9.952 9.924 basis or 6 oxygens 1.97 1.96 Ti 0.004 0.009 0.005 0.000 0.000 0.004 0.010 0.006 0.004 0.005 0.003 0.003 0.003 SI 1.97 0.02 0.02 Al 5.752 5.682 5.632 5.768 6.517 5.989 5.882 5.847 5.791 5.697 6.933 5.945 5.962 TI 0.01 0.03 0.04 "'e 0.066 0.075 0.058 0.064 0.065 0.077 0.062 0.066 0.058 0.055 0.058 0.057 0.062 Al lV 0.03 0.06 0.06 vr Mn 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Al 0.08 0.36 0.33 Mg 0.014 0.D15 0.005 0.007 O.DII 0.005 0.008 0.012 0.014 0.008 0.000 0.010 0.000 Fe 0.27 0.01 0.01 Ca 2.118 2.003 1.962 2.046 2.635 1.905 2.186 2.153 2.203 2.029 3.264 2.233 2.278 Mn 0.00 0.78 0.82 Na 1.762 1.816 1.861 1.793 1.262 1.806 1.692 1.704 1.719 1.865 0.798 1.670 1.654 Mg 0.81 0.74 0.70 K 0.097 0.098 0.110 0.092 0.056 0.103 0.088 0.090 0.096 0.100 0.023 0.074 0.074 Ca 0.79 0.02 0.03 Cr 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.003 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 Na 0.02 0.00 0.00 NI 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.002 0.000 0.000 0.000 Cr 0.02 3.98 3.98 TOTAL 19.931 19.904 19.899 19.915 19.973 19.923 19.934 19.922 19.946 19.946 20.010 19.944 19.956 TOTAL 4.00 39.6 37.9 An 53.3 51.1 49.9 52.0 66.7 49.9 55.1 54.5 54.8 50.8 79.9 56.1 56.9 Wo 42.3 41.4 44.2 Ab 44,3 46.4 47.3 45.6 31.9 47.4 42.7 43.2 42.8 46.7 19.5 42.0 41.3 En 43.1 19.0 17.9 Or 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.4 1.4 2.7 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 0.6 1.9 1.8 "'s 14.6 68.4 71.3 MglI 75.0 Table A15.1 Mineral chemical analyses ofTG035 Ruapehu lava (continued),

Minerai CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX CPX Mineral OPX OPX OPX OPX OPX OPX OPX OPX Analysis 0903R 0904C 0906R 09IlC 0913R 0914C 0916C 0915R Analysis 0884C 0887R 08%C 0897R 0898C 0899C 0907C 0908R Sample TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 Sample TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 TG035 Cryslal 2 3 4 4 Crystal 2 2 3 4 5

SIO, 52,02 51.93 51.20 52.27 51.78 51.29 49.93 51.99 SiO, 54.14 52.46 54.02 52.85 54.03 52.84 53.25 52.09 TiO 0.51 0,38 I 0.62 0.57 0.51 0.55 0.74 0.55 TiO, 0.28 0.26 0.20 0.27 0.27 0.26 0.31 0.29 AhO, 1.51 2.05 2.29 2.21 1.88 2.43 2.88 3,35 AI,O, 1.35 0.74 1.70 1.66 1.70 1.45 1.58 1.38 FeD 11,75 10.97 12.30 8.88 10.72 12.48 11.70 6.98 FeO 20.63 23.47 17.59 19.90 18.15 21.21 18.78 23.14 MnO 0,21 0.24 0.22 0.13 0.30 0.30 0.27 0.13 MnO 0.32 0.47 0.26 0.32 0.27 0.39 0.38 0.50 MgO 13.80 14.46 13.27 14.86 14.07 13.27 13.50 16.27 MgO 22.30 19.94 23.92 21.65 23.69 21.18 23.82 20.77 CaO 19.41 18.02 19.09 20.19 19.66 18.86 18.68 19.66 CaO 1.74 1.61 1.60 1.53 1.48 1.46 1.50 1.50 No,O 0.25 0.31 0.33 0.35 0.26 0.32 0.35 0.24 NOlO 0.04 0.02 0,00 0.03 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.03 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 KIO 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 CrlO, 0.23 0,07 0.00 0.12 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.03 Cr,O, 0.02 0.00 0.13 0.10 0.08 0.00 0.04 0.04 NIO 0.00 0.00 0.03 0.02 0.00 0.08 0.D5 0.00 NIO 0.D3 0.02 0.00 0.05 0.D7 0,02 0.05 0,03 TOTAL 99.68 98.37 99.41 99.61 99.33 99.57 98.09 99.19 TOTAL 100.85 98.99 99.42 98.36 99.77 98,82 99.71 99.78

Number or rations on basis of 6 o~ygens Number or callons on basis of 6 oxygens I~ 1.% m 1.94 1.95 1.95 1.94 1.91 1.92 SI 1.98 0.01 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.98 1.96 1.96 TI 0,01 0.01 0.D2 0,02 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 Ti 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0,01 0,01 0.01 IV AI 0.04 0.04 0.06 0.05 IV 0.05 0.06 0.09 0.08 AI 0.02 0,01 0.02 0.D2 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.04 Alv• vi 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.05 0.04 0.07 Al 0.04 0.02 0.05 0.06 0.D5 0.05 0.D3 0.02 Fe 0.37 0.35 0.39 0.28 0.34 0.39 0.37 0.22 Fe 0.63 0.74 0.54 0.62 0.56 0.67 0.58 0.73 Mn 0,01 0.01 0.01 0,01 0.00 O.DI 0.01 0.00 Mn 0.01 0.02 0.01 0.01 0,01 0.01 0,01 0.D2 Mg 0.78 0.82 0.75 0.83 0.79 0.75 0.17 0.90 Mg 1.22 1.13 1.31 1.21 1.29 1.19 1.31 1.17 Ca 0,78 0,77 0.73 0.81 0.79 0.76 0.77 0.78 CD 0.07 0,07 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.06 Na 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.02 0.02 0.03 0.D2 Na 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Cr 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 TOTAL 4.01 3.99 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.01 4.00 TOTAL 3.98 3.99 3.98 3.97 3.98 3.98 4.00 4.00

Wo 40.6 38.6 40.5 42.2 41.3 40.1 40.1 41.2 Wo 3.6 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.1 3.1 En 40.2 43.1 39.2 43.3 41.1 39.2 40.3 47.4 En 63.5 58.2 68.5 63.8 67.8 62.1 67.2 59.6 Fs 19.2 18.3 20.3 14.5 17.6 20.7 19.6 11.4 Fs 32.~ 38.4 28.2 32.9 29.1 34.8 29.7 37.3

Mg# 67.8 70.1 65.8 74.8 69.9 65.8 67.5 80.4 MgH 65.9 60.4 70.8 66.1 69.7 64.0 69.3 61.6 ). Table AIS.I Mineral chemical analyses of T003S Ruapehu lava (continued). :g ~ Minerai OPX OPX Minerai ILM ILM ILM ILM ILM TLM ;:: Analysis 0917C 0918R Analysis 0930C ~ 0931R 09321 0933C 0934C 0935C ):f' Sumple TG035 T0035 Sample TG035 TG035 T0035 T003s TG035 TG03s ..... Crystal 6 6 Crystal I 2 3 4 5 6 \.to

Si0] 53.42 52.60 SIOI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.1» 0,00 ~ TlO, 0.2,5 0.31 TI01 47.95 47.83 41.12 47.79 47.62 47.77 ClQ~ AhO, 1.60 1.27 AhO, 0./4 0.09 0.28 0.10 0.06 0.09 ~ FeO 18.63 20.45 FeO 47.08 46.00 49.64 47.17 48.13 47.10 'tl MnO 0.30 0.32 MnO 0.33 0.45 0.47 0.32 0.47 0041 9' MgO 24.03 22.87 MgO 1.85 1.79 1.60 1.51 Ll8 1.57 ~ CaO 1.49 1.66 CaO 0.00 0.00 0.10 0.00 0.00 S· om n, NaJO 0.04 0.00 K,O 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 ~ KIO 0.00 0.00 Cr.o. 0.12 0.18 0.23 0.14 0.02 0.10 Cr,O, 0.07 0.08 NiO 0.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 g NIO 0.05 0.02 TOTAl, 97.53 96.35 93.44 97.03 97.52 97.05 I:l TOTAL 99.88 99.57 6. Re£8ltulated lIIIalyses Number of cations on busls of 6 oXYllfns Fe,O, 8S0 ~ 7,37 17.91 8.00 8.72 8,16 <::l SI 1.96 1.96 FeO 39.43 39.36 33.52 39.97 40.28 39.75 ~ TI 0.01 om TOTAl, 98.38 97.09 95.23 97.83 98.40 97.87 AI" ~ 0.04 0.04 ~ Al v1 0.03 om Nonnallud on basIs of 4 £8tlon5 ~ Fe R57 0.64 SI 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 n, Mn 0.01 om TI 1.88 1.90 1.63 1.84 i:! 1.83 1.84 !::;' Mg 1.32 1.27 AI om o.m 0.02 om 0.00 om Ca 0.06 om Fe" 0.33 0.29 0.71 0.31 0,34 0.31 .s Na 0.00 0.00 Felt 1.67 1.69 1048 1.71 1.72 1.70 ~.... Cr 0.00 0.00 Mn 0.02 0.02 om ROI 0.02 0.02 ~ TOTAl, 4.00 4.01 Mg 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12 0.09 0.12 <::l Ca 0.00 0.00 om 0.00 0.00 0.00 ~ I:: Wo 3.0 3.3 Cr 0.01 0.01 0.01 om 0.00 0.00 En 67.6 64.4 TOTAL ~ 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 4.00 ~ ;:r- Fs 29.4 32.3 ;;: 11m 91.62 92.55 81.56 92.00 91.52 91.91 IS MgII 698 66.5 Hem 8.38 7.45 18,44 800 8.48 8,09 .s ~ RIO, 8.76 7.64 18.42 8.24 8.80 8.35 '"

N o 0\ Appendix 15 Petrography, mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry for two Ruapehu samples 207

Table 15.2 Whole-rock major elemen~ !raCe element. isotopic and nonnali"" composition, of two Roapehu samples.

Sample TG035 TG036 Note: na =not analysed

Major elemt!7JJJ (Canserbury Universiry XRF: Fe,O J. = /olai iro1lgive1las FrIO J ) SiD, 63.3S 62.12 liO, 0.85 0.82 AI,O, 15.81 15.57 F",O," 5.57 5.72 MnO 0.09 0.09 MgO 2.84 3.38 Cao 4.88 5.17 Na,O 3.42 3.37 1(,0 2.73 2,58 p,O. 0.19 0.19 LOI -0.18 0.11 TOTAL 99.58 99.12

MgII = l00MgI(Mg+Ft'·): Fe ,0 JIFeO = 0.3 Mg# 50.3 54.0 FeO"lMgO 1.8 I.S

CIPW Mrmariw composilion.r Q 17.48 15.99 or 16.17 15.40 lib 29.01 28.80 an 19.77 19.94 di 2.65 3.84 hy 10.51 11,60 rnt \.91 \.98 iI \.62 1.S7 ap 0.44 0.44

Trace ,I,menss (fIOrmili rype = INAA !lara. bold rype = RHBNe XRF. ilaiic type = Canserbury University XRF) Sc 16.55 na V 135 140 Cr 64 92 Co 31.31 na Ni 26 37 Cu 45.3 na Zn 56.2 60 Go 20 20 Rb 34 45 Sr 233 228 C. 4.41 na Ba 565 513 La 20.65 19 Ce 41.47 42 Nd 19.61 20 Sm 4.61 na Eo 1.02 na Gd 4.20 n. Th 0.67 na Tm 0.36 na Yb 2.61 na Lu 0.36 na y 24.8 26 Zr 202 191 Nb 8.0 7 HC 5.44 na To 0.71 no Pb 17.3 18 Th 10.87 8 U 3.02 na lro/Opes (RHBNC: insemol precision quolfd as %2 s/andard errors) "SrJ"'sr 0.705723% 15 na '&lNd/l4'Nd 0.512707%06 na eNd +1.3 na '"'Pb!*Pb 18.815%02 na '''PbI'"'Pb 15.647%01 na ""Pb!*Pb 38.782%04 na