The Bulwark Magazine of the Scottish Reformation Society

JULY - SEPTEMBER 2019 // £2

July - September 2019 1 The Bulwark Magazine of the Scottish Reformation Society The Magdalen Chapel 41 Cowgate, Edinburgh, EH1 1JR Tel: 0131 220 1450 Email: [email protected] www.scottishreformationsociety.org Registered charity: SC007755

Chairman Committee Members » Rev Kenneth Macdonald » Rev Maurice Roberts Vice-Chairman » Rev Alasdair Macleod » Mr Allan McCulloch » Mr Matthew Vogan Secretary » Rev Douglas Somerset » Rev John Keddie

Treasurer » Rev David Campbell » Rev Andrew Coghill » Dr Robert Dickie WILLIAM’S

CO-OPERATION OBJECTS OF THE SOCIETY In pursuance of its objects, the Society may co- (a) To propagate the evangelical Protestant faith SCOTTISH operate with Churches and with other Societies and those principles held in common by whose objects are in harmony with its own. those Churches and organisations adhering to the Reformation; COMMANDER: Magazine Editor: Rev Douglas Somerset All literary contributions, books for review and (b) To difuse sound and Scriptural teaching on Hugh Mackay of Scourie papers, should be sent to: the distinctive tenets of Protestantism and Roman Catholicism; The Magdalen Chapel 41 Cowgate, Edinburgh (c) To carry on missionary work among John Smith EH1 1JR adherents of the latter faith with a view to [email protected] winning them to the doctrines of grace and to General Hugh Mackay of Scourie (1640-1692) was a godly the fellowship of the true Gospel; The views expressed in articles are those of soldier and the commander of the Government forces at the the contributor and may not necessarily refect (d) To produce and distribute evangelistic, at which Claverhouse was killed. those of the Editor or the Committee of the religious and other literature in connection with Society. Scriptural references are from the A.V. the promotion of the Protestant religion; Soldiers are popularly regarded as tough and throughout history, many famous soldiers except where stated otherwise. severely practical men, and as such unlikely have been noted Christians, for example (e) To promote the associating together of men to be interested in religion. But is this true? Oliver Cromwell, Gordon of Khartoum, and Unattributed material is by the Editor. and women, and especially young people, After all, they are frequently faced with the Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson, who said, The section entitled “Young Bulwark” is edited for systematic Bible Study and holding of solemn reality of life and death. In the Bible, “my religious beliefs teach me to feel as by Matthew Vogan. meetings for the above specifed purposes. David and Joshua were noted generals. safe on the battlefeld as in bed. God has Three Roman centurions are mentioned in fxed the time of my death. I do not concern DESIGNED & PRINTED BY: the New Testament, all of whom showed myself about that but to be always ready www.peppercollective.com evidence of being spiritually minded. And whenever it happens.” Tel:028 9851 2233 2 The Bulwark July - September 2019 3 I. huGh maCkay and The He was instructed in military tactics by two Several factors inclined him to take this step. III. The Royal Ecossais respected generals, the Prince de Conde William, Prince of Orange was the leader Across the Channel, the year 1685 saw the Hugh Mackay was a godly Scottish ofcer and the Comte de Turenne. of European Protestant resistance to the Papist tyrant James II and VII assume the in the seventeenth century. The Mackays, French, and the Scots Brigade in his army throne. Before long, inspired by his band of whose lands lay in north-west , In 1669, the young Scot, keen to obtain ofered an attractive career path. Originally Jesuit advisors, he embarked on a crazed were famed for their bravery and military combat experience, joined a French raised by Scottish exiles in 1586 when the attempt to impose Romanism on England. prowess. Following the Reformation they detachment sent to help the army of the Dutch struggle for their freedom from Spain Claverhouse was serving in his army and became frm Protestants. Along with the Venetian Republic, then under Turkish was attracting Protestant support from was busy hunting down and murdering Munros from Easter Ross, many served attack. Around this time, Hugh’s father all over Europe, William called the brigade the saints of God in the west of Scotland. under King Gustavus Adolphus of Sweden, died and his two older brothers were “the bulwark of the republic”. In any case, When James’ queen gave birth to a male who saved German Protestantism from murdered in Caithness, meaning that he the young ofcer’s ties with Scotland were heir who was to be brought up as a Roman the armies of Romanism. In 1626 Donald, inherited the Scourie estate, even though much weakened. Charles II’s persecution Catholic, there were rumours that William embarked from Cromarty with he was never to see the place again. By of Scottish Presbyterians was going on would intervene. After all, before the baby 2,000 men who fought at the sieges of now he was having serious doubts about apace, with many of the leading ministers was born, his wife Mary was heir apparent Stettin and Kolberg on the Baltic. Gustavus serving the French King Louis XIV owing seeking refuge in the Netherlands. Also, to the English throne. James requested called them “my Scottish invincibles”. to his persecution of the Huguenots and the Highlands were in a state of utter the return of the Scots Brigade to defend One of Lord Reay’s ofcers wrote, “our his aim of an autocratic Roman Catholic lawlessness, which meant that no attempt his throne and although unsurprisingly the noble colonel did engage his estates and empire. Hugh even considered resigning had been made to catch Hugh’s brothers’ Dutch refused, William did allow any ofcers adventure his person for the good cause”. his commission and returning to Scourie, killers. At this time, Mackay was not a who felt loyalty to James, to return home He recruited over 10,000 clansmen and but in the event, “Providence so ordered professing Christian, but now, in a land and serve him. In the event, only 40 out of eventually accrued such large debts that events as to remove from his mind all where Calvinism was fourishing, and 250 did. A furious James was convinced he had to sell of large parts of his estate. doubts with respect to the course he married to a pious lady, the seed sown that Mackay’s infuence was critical in this should follow.” in Scourie bore fruit. His faith “persuaded obvious slap in the face and his name Born in 1640 at Scourie, Hugh was the whole man, subdued a temper was put on a list of ofcers who would be Donald’s nephew. Interestingly, his sister II. The SCoTS BrIGade naturally warm and impetuous and kept refused quarter if they were captured. Barbara wrote a spiritual poem based on In holland his passions under due restraint”. In the rainy late autumn of 1688, William the Song of Solomon. At that time the When Louis ordered an invasion of the Sadly, the Scots Brigade which Mackay of Orange landed at Torbay with a multi- minister of Eddrachillis was George Squair, Netherlands, Mackay’s men captured the joined, was a shadow of its former self. national Protestant army of 15,000 men. All who, along with other exiled English Puritan town of Bommel. He was billeted in a house Vacancies in its ofcer corps “had been the way from the west country to London, clergymen, had been granted protection by belonging to Madame de Bie who had flled up by adventurers of the lowest the high road was thronged with jubilant the covenanting Earl of Sutherland. Squair three unmarried daughters. The madame description from all parts of the world” and crowds eager to welcome their grave, was pursued by government troops and must have been apprehensive when the the distinctive character, which underlay soldierly and resolute deliverer, whose forced to preach in the open air in out-of- group of tough-looking soldiers knocked its fghting prowess, was lost. In 1676 arrival heralded the happy return of Gospel the-way locations. Brought up on tales of at her door but she soon realised that their Hugh persuaded the Prince to replace light, liberty, and law. James, deserted by military adventure, Hugh always wanted captain was a polite and serious-minded these people with Scottish gentlemen of his ofcers, sailed for France and William to be a soldier. But as a result of the civil young man, and was happy for him to play rank, “and I shall answer for them”, and entered the capital unopposed. But in war and protectorate, in both England chess with the family and read to them in he insisted on his men regularly attending Scotland and Ireland, the new king would and Scotland there was a deep suspicion French. Very soon he became friendly with religious services. Two years later he was face serious opposition. of standing armies and anyone desiring one of the daughters, Clara. Her mother appointed Colonel of one of the battalions. a military career had to go abroad. Thus, was reluctant to allow her to marry an The other candidate, John Graham of Iv. Commander In SCoTland 1689 in 1660 Hugh travelled to Paris to join the enemy ofcer but the problem was solved Claverhouse, was so angry at losing out General Mackay was appointed Royal Ecossais (Douglas’s Regiment), which when the Scotsman announced that he that he resigned and returned home. commander of the Government forces in for over 300 years had formed part of the would resign his commission and join the In 1680 Mackay was promoted to the Scotland and he arrived in Edinburgh in Household Brigade of the Kings of France. Dutch army. command of the whole brigade. March 1689, along with his Scots Brigade.

4 The Bulwark July - September 2019 5 Unfortunately, a new French attack on the Jacobites who felt constrained to besiege Netherlands had forced William to borrow these places while lacking the artillery men from the brigade, reducing it to a required to capture them. skeleton formation. Mackay had to recruit 2000 Scotsmen to fll its depleted ranks. v. The BaTTle of kIllIeCrankIe The Scottish Lords of Convention voted to At the end of July 1689, Mackay’s army ofer the crown to William and authorised was marching north from Perth to occupy Mackay to raise two further infantry and to deny it to the Jacobites. battalions and two troops of cavalry. But his opponents had already captured Blair Castle and were rapidly moving south. Claverhouse, having dramatically refused to Mackay sent out scouts to check the high accept the Convention’s decision, headed ground above the rocky, narrow pass of north to raise a rebel army. Though a cruel, Killiecrankie through which his army was even sadistic man, he had a famously noble marching. Emerging into open ground bearing and suave charm which persuaded he ordered a detachment to occupy a many Highland clan chiefs to join him. In hill in case of surprise attack. By now the west of Scotland there was real fear of he knew that Claverhouse was close at an invasion from Ireland where James had hand. While the government army was recently landed and a was somewhat larger, most of its men were raw The Battle of Killiecrankie active. Many Ulster Protestants, fearing a recruits without combat experience. The repeat of the awful massacres of 1641, had clansmen’s tactics were to close in with and nephew David were killed. Afterwards, commander, Colonel William Cleland, the already crossed to safety in Scotland. the enemy, fre a volley, and throw down he refected that “resolution and presence hero of Drumclog and a deeply exercised their muskets before launching a terrifying of mind in battle are a singular mercy of Christian, ofered to shoot the ofcers’ Mackay set of in pursuit of Claverhouse, headlong charge, hacking at the enemy God; he denieth and giveth it when and horses. He stationed snipers on top of the hoping for assistance from the Presbyterian with broadswords, Lochaber axes, and to whom he will;” and Mackay remained Cathedral and the mansion house who clans, the Munros, Rosses, Sutherlands, two-handed claymores. In line with the convinced that, “with God’s blessing on shot down hundreds of clansmen as they Grants, and his own Mackays. He wrote: latest military thinking, Mackay’s army had the means still left”, he could yet prevail. He rushed along the narrow streets. Running “we should learn to be modest when it no pikemen, who might have stopped the “showed a humane and fatherly concern short of musket balls, they melted the lead pleases God to bless the service in our charge. Instead, all of his men were armed for his men at this critical time,” and instead sheets from the cathedral roof and made hands, which the most experienced and with muskets with plug bayonets which of retreating to Edinburgh, called in his their own. Though Cleland was killed, clear sighted in their profession will have had to be attached at the last minute. outlying detachments and regrouped at the Cameronians’ steadfast resistance reason to do, wherein they shall fnd enough Perth. What Mackay did not know was that destroyed the rebels’ morale, and they to humble them in themselves and give the Suddenly, waves of wild Highlanders were the victorious Claverhouse had been shot retreated to the hills. Meanwhile Mackay glory to God.” In most of the Highlands, the descending from the hills. Panic ensued dead – a crucial turning point in the war. organised additional garrisons to subdue people were happy to join whichever side and most of the government line broke the Highlands, including Fort William, they thought most likely to win: “their zeal and ran. Mackay and his staf attempted vI. The BaTTle of dunkeld which he named after the King. Although for the preservation of their goods going far to lead a cavalry charge, but to no efect. Despite the loss of their hero, the Jacobites William’s confdence in his old friend had beyond the consideration of religion and Fearlessly cutting their way through the still aimed to capture Edinburgh. The been shaken by Killiecrankie, he sent the liberty.” This, Mackay believed, was due mass of clansmen, they emerged to see Cameronian regiment was dispatched materials needed to build the fort, and to “the gross ignorance occasioned by the them breaking of the pursuit and heading to hold Dunkeld at all costs and stop supplied frigates to patrol the west coast. negligence of their ministers as well as the of to loot the baggage train. Mackay their advance. In a decisive action, the large extent of their parishes.” By ordering successfully rallied hundreds of his defeated Cameronians held of a force four times Mackay was less than impressed with the occupation of various castles, Mackay men. Two battalions, including his own, their number. To assure his men that they the lukewarm support he had received successfully tied down large numbers of stood fast but Mackay’s brother James would not abandon them, the young from most Scots: “Scotsmen in general

6 The Bulwark July - September 2019 7 that all things must tend to the end which proved invaluable in capturing the fortifed he hath proposed to himself concerning towns of Ballimore and Athlone – Mackay them.” personally leading the assault on both occasions. At Athlone, after his suggestion vII. The of crossing the Shannon upstream was The Scottish Jacobite threat dissipated, rejected by Ginkel, Mackay successfully Mackay proceeded to London where he led his men across a slippery ford under met with the king, before going to Holland murderous fre. It is recorded that the to see his family. In the spring of 1691 French general St Ruth refused to believe Mackay was ordered to Ireland. King the town had been captured until he saw William had personally led the army the it with his own eyes. previous summer and won the . Though the cowardly James The decisive battle of Aughrim was fought had abandoned his men and fed back in County Galway in July 1691, just over a to France, and the rebels were confned year after the Boyne. For some time, St Ruth to Connaught, they still felded a large had been whipping up fanaticism among army under professional French ofcers. his Irish recruits. The wily Frenchman told William’s army was now commanded them of plans to massacre Protestants, by Godert van Ginkel, hardly a great and brought in priests to carry around relics general, although his good manners and of medieval Irish saints and sprinkle holy readiness to listen to advice won the water on the soldiers’ heads. At Aughrim, loyalty of his subordinates. Mackay was St Ruth occupied a strong defensive only fourth in command but while “he position behind feld boundary walls on top The Battle of Dunkeld may have resented this as a man and a of a hill, with boggy ground in front and soldier he accepted it as a Christian and a marsh on his left, overlooked by an old are void of zeal for their religion, seeing laws and liberty, yea for the liberty of the a patriot”. His experience of siege warfare castle upon which he had placed artillery. all men hunting after their own interest whole of Europe which mainly dependeth and none minding sincerely the common upon the maintenance of the present good.” He stated that, on William’s government in Britain.” landing, “Scotland for the most part, except papists, rejoiced, and all ministers In December, Mackay expressed his prayed for his good success except such hope that the Lord would complete the as were of corrupt principles as well as deliverance of Britain from enemies of the doctrine. But when Episcopalians began to Gospel, for which “many faithful prayers despair of the continuation of their church are daily put up to heaven in all Protestant government they cooled in their afection to Churches in the world. Considering withal their Majesties.” Mackay shared William’s that it is not for our sins or crimes against dislike of factionalism among Protestants. God (though numerous) that we are hated In Scotland, some, “rather than yield in of our enemies but for our adherence to his the least of the indiferent matters, they saving truth, I hope he shall do it for his own would give occasion to enemies of the great name’s sake … I labour to support truth to overturn what God has wrought always my hope by the contemplation already beyond their expectations for the of God’s almighty power, overruling the maintenance thereof, as well as of their actions of his creatures good and bad, so The Battle of Aughrim

8 The Bulwark July - September 2019 9 The government infantry struggled badly his own Mackay regiment was decimated. in the frst attack and Mackay successfully Apparently, Mackay knew the attack was urged a risky cavalry attack across the hopeless but led his men forward, saying marsh. Initially only advancing in single fle, “God’s will be done.” Had he lived, he was the horsemen were easily picked of by to have been created Earl of Scourie. the Jacobites. When an ofcer refused to lead his men forward, Mackay, rather than vIII. ConCluSIon waste time disciplining him, cried, “follow Hugh Mackay played a crucial role in me then”, and personally led the assault, turning the tide of resurgent Romanism and ordering a causeway of branches to be French tyranny which threatened to engulf laid across the marsh, enabling larger the whole of western Europe. Ian Grimble John Forbes numbers to cross. He eventually turned rightly describes him as “utterly un-self- the fank of the Jacobite army, helped seeking”. He was also characterised by by the fact that their reserve ammunition “conscientiousness, single mindedness, was the wrong calibre. St Ruth was and unfailing self-possession”. William of Alford: decapitated by a government cannonball, noticed that when Mackay “had full leisure his cavalry fed, and Mackay’s horsemen for his devotions he acted with a peculiar cut down the retreating infantry as they exaltation of courage”. Following Mackay’s fed. One eyewitness recalled the fat burial the king said: “there he lies and a his life ground behind the hill strewn with bodies braver or better man he has not left behind in such numbers that they looked like him”. Later, when William was expressing by matthew vogan focks of sheep grazing as far as the eye his great regret over another ofcer’s death, could see. Up to 7000 rebels were killed the person to whom he was speaking for a government loss of less than 1000, asked the king why he did not express and the battle went down in Irish folklore similar sorrow for Mackay. William replied, as “Aughrim of the slaughter”. It was the “The individual I spoke of served me with efective end of the war. Hugh Mackay his soul. Mackay served a higher master was acknowledged to have played a more and now has his reward.” important part in the campaign than any other commander. It was Ginkel however The general’s descendants have remained who was honoured with the title Earl of in the Netherlands down to the present day. Athlone. Their family seat is at Ophemert Castle in John Forbes of alford (c.1565–1634) Gelderland and many of them have held was minister of alford, aberdeenshire for I. mInISTer of alford Subsequently, Mackay was appointed prominent positions in the country. Baron twelve years until his exile to Holland In 1593 John Forbes was ordained minister commander of the British division of Aeneas Mackay, a descendent of the following the 1605 aberdeen assembly. of Alford, Aberdeenshire. It appears that the allied army in the Low Countries, in general’s nephew, was Prime Minister of the The cousin of andrew Melville, Forbes of the Reformation had not penetrated deeply into this area. He therefore required William’s ongoing struggle against the Netherlands from 1888-1891. Following alford was an interesting individual, and considerable determination and faithfulness French. He was killed on 3rd August 1692 the death of Eric, 9th Lord Reay in 1875, an important fgure in the Scottish Church to persevere. The area was dominated by at the Battle of Steinkirk. The eight Scottish the Dutch branch of the family inherited the at that period who is not as well-known as battalions bore the heaviest losses and title, which they still hold. the Roman Catholic Earl of Huntly, who he ought to be. He is not to be confused (despite signing the Confession of Faith with his nephew, the aberdeen Doctor, in 1588) plotted to arrange the Spanish John Forbes of corse (1593–1648). This invasion of Scotland. Huntly was a favourite article sketches his life, and subsequent of the king and was therefore especially articles describe some of his writings. powerful.

10 The Bulwark July - September 2019 11 The fore entrance to Linlithgow Palace

Blackness Castle S block St Michael’s church, Linlithgow

Council to deal with spiritual matters which “did patiently bear all things, committing were only to be judged by Church courts. his cause to God, who daily did clear his innocency by bringing the truth to light, Some were imprisoned in Blackness and making it known how dutifully he had Castle in fearful conditions. Others were behaved himself from the beginning of that Blackness Castle incarcerated in Dumbarton, Stirling, and action, even towards his greatest enemies.” Doune. John Forbes and John Welsh of The Privy Council interfered with the and independence of the Church. The Ayr were treated with greater severity as III. TrIal for hIGh TreaSon excommunication proceedings of the Privy Council were ordered not to resist they were believed to be the ringleaders. Six of the fourteen ministers were tried for Synod of Aberdeen against the Earl of the authority of the Church. They were held in solitary confnement in high treason in Linlithgow in 1606. They Huntly. The Synods of Aberdeen and Blackness and were not allowed any visits. were marched from Blackness under cover Moray sent Forbes to London in March II. The aBerdeen aSSemBly of 1605 Forbes has left an extensive account of of night and sang Psalm 11 as they went. 1605 to seek redress from King James In July of the same year, Forbes was elected his experiences at this time in the context Forbes and Welsh spoke boldly at the trial. VI and I. The Synods recommended moderator of the General Assembly which of the period leading up to these events Forbes maintained that if they would submit Forbes to the king for “his fdelity and met at Aberdeen. This Assembly was (Certaine Records Touching the Estate of to the orders of the Privy Council, the uprightness, and his sincere afection held in defance of the king’s command, the Kirk in the Years 1605 and 1606). Church would be deprived of her liberty. As borne to the advancement of the kingdom however. Along with fourteen others, with all others in the realm they had sworn of God”. Forbes ultimately succeeded Forbes was summoned before the Privy Forbes in particular was the subject of lies the National (King’s) Covenant. “They had in this difcult trip and proved himself a Council to answer for his conduct. The and slanders that seemed to emanate from sworn, by the great name of the Lord their stalwart defender of the spiritual liberties ministers declined the jurisdiction of the the Privy Council. Yet he tells us that he God, not only to continue in the doctrine

12 The Bulwark July - September 2019 13 Linlithgow Palace Middelburg, Netherlands and discipline of the Kirk, but also to defend Iv. mInISTry In holland Laud, after a lengthy struggle. In August adventurers at Stoad, at their earnest the same, according to their vocation and After visiting Scots exiles in France, Forbes 1634 he died at Veere from “a ft of the desire, for resolving this question: how a power, all the days of their life, under no less was settled as minister to the English stone” (i.e. stones originating in the kidneys Christian man may discern the testimony pain than the danger both of body and soul, merchants at Middelburg in 1612, after or the bladder) which brought on a burning of God’s Spirit, from the testimony of his in the day of God s fearful judgment.” an interim period from 1610. He remained fever (presumably some sort of infection). own spirit, in witnessing his adoption there for ten years. He was ofered a return He was aged about sixty-nine and was (Middleburgh, 1616). In his second speech, Forbes spoke to Britain but only on terms which would buried in the Netherlands. He had sufered A Preparative Sermon to the Lord’s Table boldly about how Saul’s breach of the compromise his convictions. In 1616 the over a long period of time for his courage in (Delft, 1632). covenant made with the Gibeonites brought king promised to revoke his sentence of asserting the spiritual independence of the punishment to his family long after his exile, but this was not fulflled. Forbes is Church of Christ. Four Sermons Which Do Manifest the True death. As James Melville records, Forbes said to have been infuential in organising Sense of 1 Tim. vi. 13–16 (1635). applied this to King James, “directing the the non-conforming British exiles, and admonition and threatening most terrible, also had infuence with the Dutch States- WrITInGS A Sermon on 2 Tim. ii. 4 (Delft, 1642). made all the hearers astonished, and their General. He greatly detested the set forms The Saint’s Hope, and Infallibleness ‘Certaine Records Touching the Estate of hairs to stand.” But the ministers were not of the Prayer Book. Thereof (Middelburg, 1608). the Kirk in the Years 1605 and 1606’ in heard and instead banished from the king’s Two Sermons (Middelburg, 1608). William Scot, An Apologetical Narration of dominions for life. They sailed from Leith Forbes became minister to the English the State and Government of the Kirk of for Bordeaux on 7th November 1606. Sad merchants at Delft in 1621. In the same A Treatise Tending to the Clearing of Scotland Since the Reformation (Wodrow scenes accompanied their departure and year he organised a Classis or Presbytery of Justifcation (Middelburg, 1616). Society, Edinburgh, 1846). the 23rd Psalm was sung together, with “the the English-speaking congregations in the A letter frst written and sent by Jo. Forbes, people much moved and praying heartily for Netherlands. By 1634 he was removed, by pastor of the English Church at Middelburgh Three Letters to James VI in Original Letters them” (William Scot, Apologetical Narration). the infuence of Charles I and Archbishop unto certain of the company of merchants (Bannatyne Club, Edinburgh, 1851).

14 The Bulwark July - September 2019 15 Ensign Joseph Mackay and the Raigbeg Schoolhouse

The old Raigbeg Schoolhouse is just below the roadbridge, on the east side, where the A9 crosses the River Findhorn at Tomatin. It was the home of James MacDougall, a member of an eminent Christian family in the area, and it was the scene of the deathbed of Ensign Joseph Mackay, one of the most famous “Men” of the North. It was here that Ensign Joseph was reconciled with Rev. Archie Cook (Daviot) with whom he had had a bitter

dispute a couple of years earlier. The material here on Joseph Mackay is mainly abridged Old Raigbeg Schoolhouse: the school was on the ground foor and the accommodation above from a fuller account of him that appeared in the Free Presbyterian Magazine in 2006. Photo: Ali Cameron-Mackintosh

as he stood by the fre warming himself: then formed in a square to receive the I. enSIGn JoSeph maCkay “What a pity that Satan should get such a cavalry, and though repeated attacks were Ensign Joseph Mackay was born at Dyke the men came under spiritual conviction while brave-looking man”. Joseph was greatly made, not the slightest impression was in Strathhalladale in Sutherland in 1780. they were in Ireland, and at least two of them struck by the words, and his life was produced.” The casualties were heavy, His father Angus was a “worthy catechist” returned to the far north with Bibles which noticeably diferent from then on. When however, with 218 killed and wounded and Joseph was the second son. He was they had purchased in Ireland. One of them the Reays were disbanded in October out of about 700 men. A further 144 men a strong handsome young man, standing had saved three months’ pay in order to do 1802, he returned home a changed man. were killed or wounded at Waterloo on the six foot four inches, and in about 1796 he so. For a few months in 1795 they had been He was soon accepted among the “Men” following Sabbath, 18th June, and Joseph joined the Reay Fencibles, a regiment which stationed at Fort George near Inverness, of the North, and by the time of the Battle Mackay was among the wounded. had been raised by Lord Reay in 1794 to and the more religious of the men had hired of Waterloo in 1815 he was recognised as quell the unrest in Ireland. The regiment a building and arranged for services to be one of their leaders. On 10th December The third Sabbath of June was also the numbered about 700 men, mainly from conducted by some of the neighbouring 1806 he married Marjory Gordon, and they Thurso communion, and it is recorded that Sutherland, and it had been stationed in ministers, among them Ronald Bayne of had ten children who survived infancy. after the close of the main service, James Belfast since November 1795. Joseph Elgin (and later of Kiltarlity). Alexander Sinclair Macdonald, the father of the Apostle of Mackay was promoted to the rank of of Thurso (another of the “Men” of the North) II. The BaTTle of WaTerloo the North, instead of going to his house, sergeant in September 1800. On 24th May was converted at that time. Others who were In 1814, Joseph Mackay rejoined the suddenly left everybody and spent the 1798, the Irish Rebellion broke out, and converted during their time in the regiment army, this time in the First (or Royal evening and part of the night in prayer the Reays defeated a strong force of rebels included John Mackintosh of Crask, William Scots) Regiment of Foot, and he was among the rocks. He said the next day that at the battle of Tara Hill on 26th May, an Gordon, and Joseph Mackay. commissioned as an Ensign in the Third he had felt a strong inclination to pray for the engagement that was critical for destroying Battalion on 6th October 1814. The British troops that night. Meanwhile Joseph the morale of the rebels throughout Ireland. Joseph came under conviction of sin while battalion “distinguished itself in a particular Mackay, lying wounded, had a strong he was on his way to join the Reays. At manner” in the engagement at Quatre Bras sense on his soul that James Macdonald The Reays had a reputation for good conduct Beauly, where he was billeted for the night in on 16th June 1815: “Being removed from was praying for them. Joseph resolved at and discipline, and there was a remarkable a crofter’s house, he overheard the remark the centre of the Fifth Division, it charged that time that, if he were spared, he would degree of religion in the regiment. Several of of an old woman who was watching him and routed a column of the enemy. It was divide the compensation that he would

16 The Bulwark July - September 2019 17 receive as a wounded ofcer among the William Calder. Finlay Cook had been the in the parish of Reay by Finlay Cook. In spite from Mrs Parker, March 1857”. How James Lord’s people at home. He returned home missionary for Achreny and Strathhalladale of this he continued to act as catechist, with came to know Mrs Parker is not clear. She about 1817 to carry his vow into efect. since 1817, and in 1829 he became the the general support of the people. was born Susan Watt in Aberdeen about minister of Ness. Joseph Mackay and 1798, marrying Gavin Parker in 1828. She “After his return home,” it is related, “he others went across to Ness in Lewis for his Iv. JameS maCdouGall of raIGBeG supported Rev. Jonathan Ranken Anderson paid a visit to the noted John Grant. On his frst communion. This visit shows how close James MacDougall was born in Tomatin in the 1850s after he had left the Free Church, way to John’s house, Joseph was refecting was Joseph Mackay’s friendship with Finlay sometime after 1780. His father Donald and it may be that James MacDougall also on the painful and dangerous experiences Cook at that stage, which is noteworthy in was “one of the most godly men of his had sympathy with Anderson’s position. he had passed through, and the gracious view of their later rift. In 1835, Finlay Cook day” in Inverness-shire, and was described care the Lord had exercised over him, and became minister of Reay. in Records of Grace in Sutherland as “the James’s son Robert was born in 1839 it occurred to him that, if he were famous Donald MacDougall”. It would and became Church of Scotland minister asked to engage in any religious Joseph Mackay was still be interesting to know more about him. in Resolis on the Black Isle. He had been exercise when he met John, catechist in Reay in the Apparently some information can be found educated at the Universities of Aberdeen he would require to have summer of 1836, and in in a rare work, Richard L. McBane’s A and Glasgow, and before moving to Resolis some- thing specially good a document of 19th May History of the McBane-McKenzie Clans, had acted as missionary in various places. to ofer. After Joseph 1836 he signs himself as published in 1955. From the incident “He was immersed in the lore of the Puritans arrived at the house, John elder and catechist for described in Records of Grace, Donald and flled with the spirit of the , ordered food to be set the parish. Finlay Cook’s must have been dead by the 1820s. On his a strong opponent of all innovations in down, and then requested brother Archie became mother’s side, James was a cousin of the church worship, and an earnest upholder of Joseph to ask a blessing, minister of the North famous Angus Mackintosh, minister of Tain. the Protestant faith, a good classical scholar which he did at some length. Rev. George Mackay Church in Inverness in 1837, James had a brother Andrew (1770-1836), and an eloquent speaker and preacher.” He No sooner did he conclude and for a short while Joseph and a sister Elizabeth (1775-1840), both wrote a “Memoir of Rev. Hector Macphail”, than John, whose discernment Mackay acted as his catechist, but of whom emigrated to Scotch Settlement, his predecessor in Resolis, which appeared of any formality was exceptionally acute, by 1840 he was back in Reay. In 1845, Ohio in 1817. in the Gospel Echo in 1893 and was and his criticisms often severe, remarked, when George Mackay, who was also from reprinted in the Free Presbyterian Magazine ‘O well, yourself and the devil formed an Strathhalladale, became minister of the About 1808, James attended Aberdeen in 1916. In his Parish of Resolis (1958), excellent prayer on the way this morning’.” Free North Church there, Joseph Mackay University where he was contemporary G.S.M. Walker says of him that “his long ofered to become his catechist, but the with Norman Macleod, Assynt, another beard, fowing in the wind as he walked or III. CaTeChIST ofer was refused. prominent Separatist, who in 1817 drove about the parish, is still remembered It was probably about this time that Joseph emigrated with a party of people to Nova by the older generation”. He died in 1911 Mackay began to assist Peter Stuart – one In 1846, Joseph Mackay had an exceedingly Scotia. From there, Norman corresponded and left a number of valuable books to the of the Separatist leaders – as catechist bitter dispute with the Cook brothers with James, trying to persuade him to join Free Presbyterian Church library. His son in the parishes of Daviot, Duthil and Moy over their doctrine of Traducianism. They them. In 1852, Norman and his followers James was an engineer with the Hudson near Inverness. The connection might maintained that the human soul is derived moved to Waipu in New Zealand. James Bay Company, and perhaps it was through well have been formed through John from the souls of the parents, whereas meanwhile became a teacher at the him that the copy of The Diary of Rev. Gavin Mackintosh, Crask, (mentioned above) the more usual Reformed doctrine is that Raigbeg school in Tomatin. He was still Parker found its way to Ontario. who was catechist in Stratherrick, and who of Creationism (that each soul is specially teaching there at the Disruption in 1843 and together with Peter Stuart was investigated created). George Mackay and the Inverness at the death of Joseph Mackay in 1848. v. deaTh of enSIGn JoSeph by the Inverness Presbytery in 1817 for his Presbytery also became involved in the aT raIGBeG In 1848 Separatism. It does not appear that Joseph dispute (for further details, see Norman James lived at least until March 1857 Joseph Mackay lived in Reay at least until Mackay was ever resident in Inverness- Campbell, One of Heaven’s Jewels: Rev. because the present writer has a copy March 1848, but shortly afterwards he shire – perhaps he simply went down for Archibald Cook of Daviot, pp. 228-230). So (purchased in Chesley, Ontario) of The Diary was evicted and had to move to Achnacly part of the summer each year. In 1829 he bitter was it that in November or December of Rev. Gavin Parker (of Aberdeen), with the in Broubster, near where John Grant had became catechist of Reay in succession to of that year Joseph was excommunicated inscription “To James M‘Dougall, Raigbeg stayed after his eviction from Strathy.

18 The Bulwark July - September 2019 19 Rev. Dr John Kennedy

by miss rachel Campbell

Graves of Joseph Mackay and Peter Stuart

Joseph’s life, however, was nearly at an Parishes of Moy, Dalarossie, and Duthel, th th end. In his fnal published letter, of 18 and died upon the 27 August 1848 at This is the winning entry for 2018-2019 June 1848, he refers to his intention of the schoolhouse at Raigbeg in the 68th Magdalen chapel Prize. visiting Strathspey once again, but for year of his age. He was a loving husband various reasons he did not arrive there and an afectionate father. Few could vie until about 22nd August. He immediately with him in his wonderful talents, spiritual began catechizing but within a short while experience, and brotherly love, with the he took ill and had to go to the Raigbeg other graces which adorn the Christian life. I. ConverSIon th Schoolhouse. Rev. Archie Cook was In private he exhibited the efects of the John Kennedy was born on 15 assisting at a nearby communion, and on doctrines he inculcated in public by a close August 1819 in the Church of the Sabbath, 27th, when he heard how ill walk with God and by a kind, afable, and Scotland manse of Killernan, Ross- his old friend was, he left the communion humble deportment towards all, loving his shire in the area known as the and hastened to the Schoolhouse. There very enemies. No insinuation or persuasion Black Isle. His father was Rev. John the two of them were reconciled, and within could induce him to forsake the good old Kennedy (1772-1841), the minister of a few hours Joseph Mackay had passed principles of the Church of Scotland, though the parish at the time. His mother was into glory. greatly persecuted for his steady adherence. Jessie Mackenzie, the daughter of He was a faithful witness unto death, and Kenneth Mackenzie. John Kennedy Preparations were made for Joseph’s funeral upon such He has promised to bestow life.” was the fourth son in his family. He in the far north, but to the disappointment of was the second to enter the ministry; the people there it was found that he had Joseph Mackay’s memory lives on, partly in his older brother Donald was before arranged to be buried in Inverness, next to his published letters and Gaelic elegies, but him. He was brought up under the Peter Stuart. His grave is in the Chapel Yard mainly in his sayings and in the anecdotes wonderful privilege of godly parents, Burying-Ground. Over it is a table-stone that were told of him. Even ffty years after although this did not have an efect with the following inscription: his death, it was said: “many stories are on him at an early age. Godliness told of his piety and benevolence, and the went far back on his father’s side, at “Erected to the memory of Ensign Joseph few old people left in the Reay country still least four generations. His father was Mackay of Reay, late of the Royals, who talk with the greatest reverence of Ensign brought to the knowledge of Christ at had been for many years catechist in the Joseph.” a very young age.

20 The Bulwark July - September 2019 21 Kennedy did well at school when he In 1848, Kennedy married Mary, the of instrumental music in church. He also come, I love to think of her, on some bright was young. At the age of six he could daughter of Major Forbes Mackenzie of did not agree with the singing of hymns in future day, emerging with all the nations of conjugate Latin verbs. At the age of about nearby Fodderty. In 1849 the manse was public worship although he did use them the earth from the darkness and the storms seventeen, Kennedy started attending built, opposite the old church in Castle himself in private. of ante-millennial times into the brightness Aberdeen University. In 1840 he entered Street, Dingwall. In December of that year and the calm of many ages of blessedness, the Divinity Hall; this was when he was not they had their frst child, a girl whom they Iv. hIS deaTh receiving on her bosom the light of yet alive to God himself. However, during named Cathy. Sadly, she did not live long In the summer of 1873, he took a three- heavenly favor and the dew of heavenly his frst session of the theological classes but at the age of three was a victim of an month holiday to America. On his return grace, till a verdure richer than ever clothed in January 1841 he heard of the death of epidemic. She did live on for a year after to Dingwall he entered one of the busiest her shall cover her all over, and fruits of his father. This took him by sudden shock that and gave hopeful evidence that she periods of his life. By the end of 1880 he righteousness shall grow throughout all and made him seek salvation for his soul. was a child of God. They had a second was showing the symptoms of diabetes. her borders, such as are beftting the very After the funeral, it was evident that John child, a boy, but he died in infancy. Later, Later he went to Italy in an attempt to garden of the Lord.” was a new creature in Christ. His father twin sisters were born to the Kennedys. regain his failing health, but on his return did not see his conversion, but the godly They named them Mary and Jessie. Mary journey, he fell ill in Edinburgh. His friends John Kennedy deserves to be named upbringing was blessed to him. A true later married a banker, John Mathison. still urged him to take a service. He agreed among the greatest preachers of his day. conversion had taken place. Jessie remained unmarried. to this and took a Gaelic service. He did He was a man of prayer right from the not appear to be tired, but it was to be beginning of his Christian life, who had a II. SeTTled In dInGWall III. frIendShIp WITh SpurGeon his last sermon he preached. His family great concern for immortal souls on their Kennedy came slowly into assurance; he Mr Kennedy had a strong relationship were hoping they would get back home way to eternity. Kennedy was a great struggled with assurance – we see this in his with Mr Spurgeon the Baptist minister to Dingwall, but Kennedy was unable to labourer for the Lord; he lived a very holy life. diary. John quickly grew in grace and in the in London. Kennedy went to London for travel beyond Bridge of Allan, near Stirling. He was very diligent and busy, hospitable knowledge of God. On the 18th of May 1843, his health and sat under the ministry of There John Kennedy entered into his rest and generous, and there are many lessons the Disruption took place. Four hundred and Spurgeon in the Metropolitan Tabernacle. on Monday 28th April 1884 at the age of we can learn from his life. In addition to eighty evangelical ministers came out of the It was at this time he got friendly with 64. Kennedys funeral was on 1st May. He his work as a preacher, Dr. Kennedy was Established Church at this time and formed Spurgeon. Kennedy invited Spurgeon up to was buried beside his church in Dingwall. also known as a faithful defender of the the Free Church of Scotland. This brought Dingwall, where he opened Kennedy’s new The gathering was the largest which ever Scriptures. He was also known for the Kennedy’s studies to an end. In 1843 church. Kennedy was sometimes referred attended a highland minister to the grave. famous books he wrote, the most famous the Free Church Presbytery of Chanonry to as “the Spurgeon the Highlands”. In Thus concluded the life of a very godly and being The Days of the Fathers in Ross- licensed Kennedy to preach the Gospel. 1870 a new Dingwall Free Church building faithful minister of the gospel. shire. Many of his sermons are written in The newly formed Dingwall Free Church was built and was designed to seat 1000 book form and are available for us to read. congregation needed a minister and they people. It was only large enough because v. hIS SpIrITual love for SCoTland Kennedy was held in high esteem by the called John Kennedy. Kennedy accepted about half the people attended English Kennedy had a patriotic love for Scotland. Gaelic-speaking highland people who the call. He was inducted there in February services and the other half Gaelic, which In a lecture he gave on “The Lands We referred to him as “Maishter Ian” which 1844 at the age of 25. On the day that he shows the massive crowds which gathered Live In”, he says: “the blessing of the Most translates “Master John.” Spurgeon said to was licensed Mr. Stewart of Cromarty said to hear him. Kennedy was also compared High, is what Scotland needs. This alone the widow of Kennedy that Kennedy was to him, “John, I think I know you now. Take to Dr John Macdonald of Ferintosh – could make her truly rich. This alone could “true as steel and frm as a rock”. Spurgeon one advice from me – don’t write your whom people would call “the Apostle of save her from her perils. This alone could also said “the death that had occurred was sermons. Spend your time in thinking, for the North” in recognition of his powerful have made her what she once became and greater than that of any highland men.” be assured, if you do not express clearly preaching. They would say that the mantle secured the continuance of her prosperity. “He was every inch a man of God,” said it will be because you have not thought of Dr Macdonald had fallen on Dr Kennedy. Whatever may betide her in the age next to Spurgeon. sufciently.” Dingwall was his only charge, but he was called to many other places, Kennedy was a Scottish Puritan and a even to Australia a couple of times. Calvinist. He disapproved greatly of the use

22 The Bulwark July - September 2019 23 to their family and servants. The bishops George was now able to became a were also stopping those who were minister when the bishops were no longer faithful to the Lord Jesus from becoming ruling the Church. The Church was free ministers. George could not become a to follow the teaching of the Lord Jesus minister, but teaching the family was Christ in the Bible. George had other another way of serving God. It also meant important work too. He had to preach to that he could study the Bible a great deal, the soldiers in the Army because this was along with books that would help him to a time of war. He also went with other understand it better. ministers to speak to the king. He was YOUNG still very young but he had studied so George became friends with a godly much and he was able to speak so clearly minister in that place called Samuel that they could not do without him. BUlwark Rutherford. They often prayed and Someone said that they thought he would talked together. They agreed that they be one of the greatest minds in the whole would always pray for each other. George of Britain. continued to study a lot. He was able to write a very important book. The king and 3. THE WESTMINSTER ASSEMBLY his bishops had changed the way that George went to London to join a the Church was ruled and how God was special meeting of ministers who were GEORGE worshipped. This book showed that these agreeing on how all churches in Britain changes did not come from the Bible; should worship, and what they should GILLESPIE they were just the ideas of men. The king believe. This was called the Westminster and bishops were punishing people who Assembly. He was the youngest man spoke out against the changes. George there but George was also one of the George Gillespie grew up in Fife in great man in the Church of Scotland.” had to get the book printed in Holland most clever and he had to make a lot of Scotland. He had an older brother and Both boys grew up to be ministers and without his name on it. He was only speeches. sister as well as a younger brother called things turned out exactly as their father twenty-four years old but he had written Patrick. Patrick seemed to be a bit more thought they would. Even before he a book that everyone respected and no One or two others wanted the lively and he was his mother’s favourite. was a minister, everyone was going to one could argue against. The only thing government to control the Church, She could be very hard on George because be amazed at the unconquered mind of the government could do was to try to but George showed that only the Lord she said he was “soft and dull”. Perhaps George Gillespie. But John never saw this get all copies of the book and burn them. Jesus can tell the Church what to do. he was quiet and more interested in for himself because he died when the But this would not answer his arguments. He showed how the Bible gives us all we books than playing. Sometimes parents boys were teenagers. As he lay dying he need to know in obeying God and that it can have favourites but this should not said, “George, George, I have received 2. THE NATIONAL COVENANT was wrong and dangerous to think that happen and it causes trouble. many precious promises for you.” The king wanted to make even more men were wiser than God. changes in the Church now. The ministers Their father John (who was a minister) 1. GODLY LEARNING and people would not accept them. They One time a very clever lawyer spoke called did not like her saying this and it annoyed George was very clever and got a signed a special document called the John Selden. Someone said that he was him. He had a diferent view because scholarship to pay for him to go to National Covenant, promising to God that the most clever man in the whole country. while he had been praying he believed university where he worked hard. After they would keep to what the Bible taught He began to use all of his learning to God gave some special promises about finishing he became chaplain for a rich about what we should believe and how argue that the government must control George. He said, “Though Patrick may man called Lord Kenmure. This happened God should be worshipped. The king and the Church. He used all kinds of ancient have some respect given him in the a lot at this time. Men who were very busy bishops could not force them to do what writers in Hebrew and Greek to back up Church, yet my son George will be the could have a minister to teach the Bible they wanted any more. his reasons. People tried to answer but

24 The Bulwark July - September 2019 25 they found it dificult. George’s friend spoke very clearly and answered all the GEORGE GILLESPIE Samuel Rutherford said to him “Rise, arguments. People wondered what George, man, and defend the Church he had been writing in his notebook. which Christ has purchased with His Amongst the notes he made was a WORD own blood.” George rose and gave seven constant prayer repeated over and over: powerful arguments that could not be “Give light, Lord. Give light!” His prayers answered. John Selden was amazed and to God for help were fully answered. With SEARCH said, “That young man, by this single God’s help, his arguments could not be CAN YOU FIND ALL THE HIDDEN WORDS speech, has swept away the learning and answered. IN THIS WORD SEARCH? labour of ten years of my life!” 4. THE END OF A SHORT LIFE Where did George get his help? Was it But George was not going to live a long just from all his learning? No, he was time in this world. He preached before praying for God to help him. He said Parliament and wrote more books. He himself that no one should fear the worked so hard at this important work most dificult work that God calls us to, that he became weak in his body and ill. because God will help us. He said that He went back to Scotland and it was not this is what happened to him at the long before he died even though he was Westminster Assembly. “If I were to still quite young. He was very ill and weak live a long time in this world,” he said, “I with coughing all the time but he longed would not desire a more noble life than for heaven. the life of complete dependence on God.” He said that though he had been gifted People tried to encourage him with all with clear thinking and being able to that he had done in his short life. “You learn a lot, he got more from looking to have been very faithful”, someone said, God for help than from all his gifts. He “and the Lord has honoured you with studied hard but he depended on God very much service, and now you are to rather than himself. This meant he was get your reward.” George was not going as much on his knees praying as he was to see things in this way; he replied: “I studying. think it reward enough that ever I got leave to do him any service in truth and He had a little notebook when these sincerity.” The truth is that, as George important discussions were going said another time: “the more truly great on and he recorded things that were a man is the more humble he is in his own being said. One time John Selden and eyes”. others gave long speeches in favour of government control of the Church. He was not trusting in all his Bible study George Gillespie was busy writing in or serving God to save him. “What are his notebook. The Chairman asked who all my righteousnesses but rotten rags”, should give a speech to answer them. he said. “Christ is all things and I am Everyone said that George should do it. nothing.” We all need to trust the Lord CHAPLAIN UNIVERSITY SPEECHES WESTMINSTER He was embarrassed and went red and Jesus Christ alone and serve him as much COVENANT HOLLAND HEBREW PRAYER said that the older men would be better, as possible with our lives and depend on but they wanted him to speak. He his help. BISHOPS GOVERNMENT NOTEBOOK

26 The Bulwark July - September 2019 27 Scottish Reformation Society Essay Competition 2019-2020 Scottish Reformation Society monarChy proJeCT knoX prIZe eSSay (12 years and under) (16-17 years) 2018-2019 Winner £25, Runner-up £20 (about 1000 words) Produce an illustrated timeline for the life Winner £40, Runner-up £35 Writing & Project of the Scottish Church leader Thomas Explain what happened in the Boston (1676-1732). General Assembly of 1638, and why this was a signifcant Competition Winners moment in the history of the hamIlTon memorIal eSSay Church of Scotland. (12 years and under) (300 words) MONARCHY PROJECT Winner £25, Runner-up £20 Winner: Anna Cameron-Mackintosh (Edinburgh): £25 melvIlle eSSay Runner up: Zara Brown (Lisburn): £20 Describe two important events in the life of the Scottish Church leader Thomas (18-25 years) Winner £60, Runner-up £50 HAMILTON MEMORIAL ESSAY Boston (1676-1732). Winner: Zara Brown (Lisburn): £25 Explain why William Guthrie (1620-1665) wrote The Runner up: John Campbell (Auckland): £20 maGdalen Chapel eSSay Christian¹s Great Interest and (13-15 years) (600-800 words) MAGDALEN CHAPEL ESSAY why it is a book of enduring Winner £30, Runner-up £25 value for believers in Christ. Winner: Rachel Campbell (Auckland): £30 Write a brief account of the deaths of the Runner up: Daniel Edwards (Lisburn): £25 covenanters Margaret Wilson and Margaret KNOX PRIZE ESSAY MacLauchlan in the Solway Firth in 1685, and explain why they were put to death. Winner: James Campbell (Auckland): £40

MELVILLE PRIZE ESSAY Winner: Stuart Fallows (Derby): £60 Entries should be sent to: Rev. Alasdair Macleod, Congratulations to the prize-winners, and we are grateful to the 25c Swordale, Point, Isle of Lewis, HS2 0BP. Society’s Branches which have helped to fund the prizes. The closing date is 31st March 2020.

28 The Bulwark July - September 2019 29 SCOTTISH REFORMATION Society News SOCIETY

2019 aGm noTICe of propoSed 2019 ChanGe To The SoCIeTy’S The Society’s 2019 AGM will be held in ConSTITuTIon the Inverness Free Presbyterian church ANNUAL on Saturday 31st August, D.V. (see separate notice for more details). At its recent meeting, the Committee agreed unanimously to propose the following GENERAL change to the Society’s constitution: “that Aims c) and e) be deleted from the current MEETING King William III of England hISTorICal Journal, list of Aims of the Society” (which can be vol. 9 found inside the front cover of the Bulwark). st This would bring the Society’s Aims into SATURDAY 31 The ninth volume of the of the Society’s line with her practice over many years now, Historical Journal is now published, and nearer to her original Aims from 1851 AUGUST DV, with articles from Matthew Vogan on which were as follows: David Dickson and Sir George Maxwell; INVERNESS FREE from Robert Dickie on the Scottish 1. To resist the aggressions of Popery; PRESBYTERIAN congregation in Rotterdam; from Roy 2. To watch over the designs and Middleton on Dr John Love; from John movements of its promoters and CHURCH Keddie on the Church of Scotland’s abettors; 1839 trip to Palestine; from Robin Gray Topic: 3. To difuse sound and scriptural on the founding of New College at the The Church of Scotland Disruption; and from Norman Campbell information on the distinctive tenets of on the Glasgow and West Coast Protestantism and Popery. and the Glorious Revolution Mission. The price of the volume is of 1689 £12.95, including P&P. Copies of earlier Changes of this nature require the approval volumes are also available. of OSCR (the Ofce of the Scottish Charities Speakers: Regulator) which has now been given. The next step is to bring the proposal to the Rev. Alasdair Macleod (Point) membership of the Society, which will be “The End of Persecution” done at the AGM on Saturday 31st August, Mr Matthew Vogan DV. “The End of Division?” Mary II

30 The Bulwark July - September 2019 31 CONTENTS

William’s Scottish Commander: hugh mackay of Scourie 3 John Smith

John forbes of alford: his life 11 Matthew Vogan ensign Joseph mackay and the raigbeg Schoolhouse 16 rev. dr John kennedy 21 Miss Rachel Campbell young Bulwark: George Gillespie 24 essay Competition 28

Society news 30

2019 annual General meeting notice 31

MeMbership & bulwark subscriptions all correspondence regarding Membership and Bulwark subscriptions should be sent to the Membership secretary, Mrs Deborah coghill, Free church Manse, outend, scalpay, isle of harris, hs4 3YG. the subscription is £8 per annum for membership of the society and £12 per annum for the Bulwark. Membership forms can be obtained from the Membership secretary or downloaded from the website www.scottishreformationsociety.org

Front cover: General Hugh Mackay of Scourie

32 The Bulwark