FAMILY Hemiodontidae Bleeker, 1859 - characins, halftooths [=Hemiodontini, Anodontostomini, Bivibranchiinae, Elopomorphinae, Micromischodontinae] Notes: Hemiodontini Bleeker, 1859d:XXXII [ref. 371] (cohors) Hemiodus [stem changed to Hemiod- by Eigenmann 1910:423 [ref. 1224], confirmed by Géry 1972b:70 [ref. 1594] and by Géry 1977:190 [ref. 1597]; Roberts 1974:411 [ref. 6872], Langeani 1998:145 [ref. 23841] and Nelson 2006:154 [ref. 32486] used Hemiodontidae] Anodontostomini Bleeker, 1859d:XXXII [ref. 371] (cohors) Anodus [stem of type genus?; stem corrected to Anod- by Eigenmann 1909b:253 [ref. 1223]; stem emended to Anodont- by Fowler 1950:274 [ref. 18869], confirmed by Roberts 1974:422 [ref. 6872] and by Nelson 2006:155 [ref. 32486]; not based on Anodontostoma] Bivibranchiinae Eigenmann, 1912:253, 258 [ref. 1227] (subfamily) Bivibranchia Elopomorphinae Eigenmann, 1917:39 [ref. 1236] (subfamily) Elopomorphus Micromischodontinae Roberts, 1971:3 [ref. 3773] (subfamily) Micromischodus

GENUS Anodus Cuvier, 1829 - halftooths [=Anodus Cuvier [G.], 1829:309, footnote, Anodus Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:57, 60, Eigenmannina Fowler [H. W.], 1906:307, Elopomorphus Gill [T. N.], 1878:167] Notes: [ref. 995]. Masc. Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Kottelat 1988:78, 83 [ref. 13380] regards as available from Cuvier, accepting the type designation of Eigenmann & Eigenmann for Anodus Spix [= Agassiz] as designating a type for Anodus Cuvier, and that is incorrect. Cuvier's earlier account is brief, but sufficient to make available, with no included species. Type apparently established by Kottelat 1988:78. •Valid as Anodus Cuvier, 1829 -- (Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:96 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Anodus Cuvier, 1829. Hemiodontidae. (Anodus) [ref. 13]. Masc. Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829. Type by subsequent designation. Type designated by Eigenmann & Eigenmann 1889:410 [ref. 1254]. See Kottelat 1988:78 [ref. 13380]. •Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829 -- (Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:96 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829. Hemiodontidae. (Eigenmannina) [ref. 1373]. Fem. Anodus melanopogon Cope, 1878. Type by original designation. •Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829 -- (Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:96 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829. Hemiodontidae. (Elopomorphus) [ref. 5755]. Masc. Elopomorphus jordanii Gill, 1878. Type by monotypy. One species definitely included, "The Anodus elongatus of Spix seems to be a congeneric ..." Also published in Gill (July) 1878:212 [ref. 1716]. •Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829 -- (Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:96 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Anodus Cuvier, 1829. Hemiodontidae.

Species Anodus elongatus Agassiz, in Spix & Agassiz, 1829 - elongate halftooth (author) [=Anodus elongatus Agassiz [L.], in Spix & Agassiz, 1829:61, Pl. 40, Elopomorphus jordanii Gill [T. N.], 1878:168, Anodus melanopogon Cope [E. D.], 1878:682, Anodus steatops Cope [E. D.], 1878:683] Notes: [Reise nach Griechenland und der Türkei; ref. 13] Brazil. Current status: Valid as Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Brazil and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (jordanii) [Field & Forest For March/April; ref. 5755] Río Mamoré, Amazon system, Bolivia. Current status: Synonym of Anodus elongatus Agassiz 1829. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (melanopogon) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Nauta, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (steatops) [Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society v. 17 (no. 101); ref. 945] Pebas, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Anodus elongatus Agassiz, 1829. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Anodus orinocensis (Steindachner, 1887) - Orinoco halftooth (author) [=Elopomorphus orinocensis Steindachner [F.], 1887:231] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 24 (no. 19); ref. 18911] Río Orinoco. Current status: Valid as Anodus orinocensis (Steindachner, 1887). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Orinoco, Amazon, and Tocantins River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Argonectes Böhlke & Myers, 1956 - halftooths [=Argonectes Böhlke [J. E.] & Myers [G. S.], 1956:2] Notes: [ref. 608]. Masc. Argonectes scapularis Böhlke & Myers, 1956. Type by original designation. •Valid as Argonectes Böhlke & Myers, 1956 -- (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Géry 1977:198 [ref. 1597], Langeani 1998:158 [ref. 23841], Langeani 1998:171 [ref. 24404], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Argonectes Böhlke & Myers, 1956. Hemiodontidae.

Species Argonectes longiceps (Kner, 1858) - Icanno halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus longiceps Kner [R.], 1858:77, Argonectes scapularis Böhlke [J. E.] & Myers [G. S.], 1956:2, Fig. 1,] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Icanno, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Argonectes longiceps (Kner, 1858). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (scapularis) [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 286; ref. 608] Mouth of Caño Massaua [Masagua], Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Current status: Synonym of Argonectes longiceps (Kner, 1858). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Argonectes robertsi Langeani, 1999 - Robert's halftooth (author) [=Argonectes robertsi Langeani [F.], 1999:173, Figs. 1a] Notes: [Naturalia (São Paulo) v. 23; ref. 24404] Lago Dumbá Grande, Barra do Garças, Rio Araguaia, GO, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Argonectes robertsi Langeani, 1999. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Tapajós, Xingu, Tocantins and Capim River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912 - halftooths [=Bivibranchia Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:253, 258, Atomaster Eigenmann [C. H.] & Myers [G. S.], 1927:565] Notes: [ref. 1227]. Fem. Bivibranchia protractila Eigenmann, 1912. Type by monotypy. •Valid as Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912 – (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Géry 1977:199 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Vari 1985 [ref. 5270], Vari & Goulding 1985 [ref. 5200], Langeani 1998:158 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685]). Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912. Hemiodontidae. (Atomaster) [ref. 1262]. Masc. Atomaster velox Eigenmann & Myers, 1927. Type by monotypy. •Probably a synonym of Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912 -- (Roberts 1974:412 [ref. 6872]). •Valid as Atomaster Eigenmann & Myers, 1927 -- (Géry 1977:199 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912 – (Vari 1985:512 [ref. 5270], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Bivibranchia Eigenmann, 1912. Hemiodontidae.

Species Bivibranchia bimaculata Vari, 1985 - Corantijn halftooth (author) [=Bivibranchia bimaculata Vari [R. P.], 1985:517, Fig. 3] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 2); ref. 5270] Rocky pool in the center of Corantijn River at "Camp Hydro", Nickerie District, Suriname, about 3°42'N, 57°58'W. Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia bimaculata Vari, 1985. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Corantijn, Suriname, and Maroni River basins: French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Bivibranchia fowleri (Steindachner, 1908) - Fowler's halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus fowleri Steindachner [F.], 1908:131, Bivibranchia protractila Eigenmann [C. H.], 1912:259, Pl. 33 (figs. 1-5)] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 10); ref. 18804] Amazon basin. Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia fowleri (Steindachner, 1908). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, Guyana and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (protractila) [Memoirs of the Carnegie Museum v. 5 (no. 1); ref. 1227] Bartica sand bank, Guyana. Current status: Synonym of Bivibranchia fowleri (Steindachner, 1908). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Bivibranchia notata Vari & Goulding, 1985 - notata halftooth (author) [=Bivibranchia notata Vari [R. P.] & Goulding [M.], 1985:1055, Fig. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 98 (no. 4); ref. 5200] Beach at Alter do Chão, Rio Tapajós, about 2°31'S, 54°57'W, Pará, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia notata Vari & Goulding, 1985. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Tapajós and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Bivibranchia simulata Géry et al., 1991 - Panacupelu halftooth (author) [=Bivibranchia simulata Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.], 1991:23, Pl. 7 (fig. 1), Bivibranchia simulata surinamensis Géry [J.], Planquette [P.] & Le Bail [P.-Y.], 1991:27] Notes: [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1, suppl.); ref. 21021] Panacupelu, Moutouci Fall, Wilapaleya, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia simulata Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Coppename, Nickerie, Suriname, and Oyapock River basins: Brazil and French Guiana. Habitat: freshwater. (surinamensis) [Cybium v. 15 (no. 1, suppl.); ref. 21021] Right tributary of Nickerie River, about 1/2 hr below Blanche-Marie Falls, Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Bivibranchia simulata Géry, Planquette & Le Bail, 1991. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Bivibranchia velox (Eigenmann & Myers, 1927) - Riberao halftooth (author) [=Atomaster velox Eigenmann [C. H.] & Myers [G. S.], 1927:565] Notes: [Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America v. 13 (no. 8); ref. 1262] Riberao, Porto Nacional, Tocantins, Goiaz, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Bivibranchia velox (Eigenmann & Myers, 1927). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Xingu and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater

GENUS Micromischodus Roberts, 1971 - halftooths [=Micromischodus Roberts [T. R.], 1971:4] Notes: [ref. 3773]. Masc. Micromischodus sugillatus Roberts, 1971. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Micromischodus Roberts, 1971 -- (Roberts 1974:413 [ref. 6872], Géry 1977:190 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:99 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Valid as Micromischodus Roberts, 1971. Hemiodontidae.

Species Micromischodus sugillatus Roberts, 1971 - Amazon halftooth (author) [=Micromischodus sugillatus Roberts [T. R.], 1971:5, Fig. 1] Notes: [Breviora No. 367; ref. 3773] Tarumãzinho, Igarapé, northwest of Manaus, left bank of Rio Negro, Amazonas, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Micromischodus sugillatus Roberts, 1971. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Amazon, Madeira, Negro, and Solimões River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

GENUS Hemiodus Müller, 1842 - halftooths [=Hemiodus Müller [J.], 1842:206, Anisitsia Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], in Eigenmann, 1903:144, Hemiodopsis (subgenus of Hemiodus) Fowler [H. W.], 1906:318, Pterohemiodus Fowler [H. W.], 1940:257] Notes: [ref. 3062]. Masc. Hemiodus crenidens Müller, 1842. Type by monotypy. Also in Müller 1843:316 [ref. 3063]. •Valid as Hemiodus Müller, 1842 -- (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Géry 1977:198 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Géry et al. 1987:403 [ref. 6001], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani 1999:718 [ref. 23914], Britski et al. 1999:71 [ref. 24147], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061], Oliveira et al. 2011:11 [ref. 31685], Beltrão & Zuanon 2012:255 [ref. 32032], Langeani & Moreira 2013:1259 [ref. 32535]). Current status: Valid as Hemiodus Müller, 1842. Hemiodontidae. (Anisitsia) [ref. 1218]. Fem. Anodus notatus Jardine in Schomburgk 1841. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1842 -- (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Géry 1977:198 [ref. 1597], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1842. Hemiodontidae. (Hemiodopsis) [ref. 1373]. Fem. Hemiodus microlepis Kner, 1858. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Hemiodopsis Fowler, 1906 -- (Géry 1977:194 [ref. 1597], Vari 1983:5 [ref. 5419], Géry et al. 1987:403 [ref. 6001], Taphorn 1992:458 [ref. 23654], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Britski et al. 1999:71 [ref. 24147]). •Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1843 -- (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1843. Hemiodontidae. (Pterohemiodus) [ref. 1432]. Masc. Pterohemiodus atranalis Fowler, 1940. Type by original designation (also monotypic). •Valid as Pterohemiodus Fowler, 1940 -- (Géry 1977:198 [ref. 1597]). •Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1842 -- (Roberts 1974:432 [ref. 6872], Langeani 1998:157 [ref. 23841], Langeani in Reis et al. 2003:97 [ref. 27061]). Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus Müller, 1842. Hemiodontidae.

Species Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt, in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821) - Maranon halftooth (author) [=Curimatus amazonum Humboldt [F. H. A. von], in Humboldt & Valenciennes, 1821:165, Pl. 45 (fig. 2), Prochilodus humboldti Valenciennes [A.], in Cuvier & Valenciennes, 1850:90] Notes: [Voyage de Humboldt et Bonpland v. 2 (Title page 1833); ref. 5612] Rio Marañón, Cachoeira de Rentema, provincia de Saint-Jean de Bracamoros, Peru. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt, 1821). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Marañón and Ucayali River basins, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (humboldti) [Histoire naturelle des poissons v. 22; ref. 1014] "Maragnon, vis-à-vis de la cataracte de Rentema, dans la province de Saint Jean de Braeamoros". Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus amazonum (Humboldt, 1821). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, 1909 - silver halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin [J.], 1909:344 [3], Hemiodopsis ocellata Vari [R. P.], 1982:188, Fig. 1] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Río Orinoco, Venezuela. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, 1909. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, Guyana, Suriname and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater. (ocellata) [Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington v. 95 (no. 1); ref. 8408] Main stream of Dalbana Creek, Nickerie District, Suriname, about 4°47'N, 57°29'W. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus argenteus Pellegrin, 1909. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler, 1940) - Contamana halftooth (author) [=Pterohemiodus atranalis Fowler [H. W.], 1940:258, Fig. 57, Pterohemiodus luelingi Géry [J.], 1962:332, Pl. 1] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 91 (for 1939); ref. 1432] Contamana, Ucayali River basin, Peru. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler, 1940). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, Guyana and Peru. Habitat: freshwater. (luelingi) [Bonner Zoologische Beiträge v. 12 (nos. 3/4); ref. 5904] Quisto Cocha, small lake bordering River Italya, tributary of Peruvian Amazon, about 15 kilometers west of Iquitos, Peru. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus atranalis (Fowler, 1940). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner, 1908 - Goeldi's halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner [F.], 1908:61] Notes: [Anzeiger der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien v. 45 (no. 6); ref. 13415] Likely Rio Xingu, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus goeldii Steindachner, 1908. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Amapá River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus gracilis Günther, 1864 - Tapajos halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus gracilis Günther [A.], 1864:299] Notes: [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Cupai [= Rio Cupari], Rio Tapajós basin, Amazon River drainage, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus gracilis Günther, 1864. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Negro, Tapajós, Madeira, Solimões, Amazon, and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus huraulti (Géry, 1964) - Maroni halftooth (author) [=Hemiodopsis huraulti Géry [J.], 1964:69, Fig. 2] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Upper Maroni River, near Litani Falls, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus huraulti (Géry, 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Maroni and Mana River basins: French Guiana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus immaculatus Kner, 1858 - Manaus halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus immaculatus Kner [R.], 1858:78] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus immaculatus Kner, 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus iratapuru Langeani & Moreira, 2013 - Iratapura halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus iratapuru Langeani [F.] & Moreira [C. R.], 2013:1259, Figs. 1-2] Notes: [Journal of Fish Biology v. 82; ref. 32535] Cachoeira de São Raimundo, Rio Iratapura, left bank tributary of Rio Jari, adjacent to Iratapura community, above Cachoeira de Santo Antônio, 0°33'59'S, 52°34"40"W, município de Laranjal. Amapá, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus iratapuru Langeani & Moreira, 2013. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Rio Jari, Amazon Basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus jatuarana Langeani, 2004 - Oriximina halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus jatuarana Langeani [F.], 2004:2, Fig. 1] Notes: [Zootaxa No. 546; ref. 27851] Oriximiná, rio Trombetas, Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus jatuarana Langeani, 2004. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Trombetas River, Pará, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus langeanii Beltrao & Zuanon, 2012 - Amana halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus langeanii Beltrão [H.] & Zuanon [J.], 2012:256, Figs. 1a, 2] Notes: [Neotropical Ichthyology v. 10 (no. 2); ref. 32032] Rio Amana, igarapé Porquinho, 5°06'33.0'S, 57°32'08.0"W, Floresta Nacional do Amana reserve (FLONA do Amana), Itaituba, Para State Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus langeanii Beltrão & Zuanon, 2012. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Rio Amana, a tributary of rio Maués-Açú, rio Amazonas drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater, brackish, marine.

Species Hemiodus microlepis Kner, 1858 - Madeira halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus microlepis Kner [R.], 1858:77] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Guaporé in Mato Grosso or Manaus, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus microlepis Kner, 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Madeira, Tocantins and Orinoco River basins: Brazil and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903 - Trementina halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann [C. H.] & Kennedy [C. H.], 1903:511] Notes: [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 55; ref. 1260] Arroyo Trementina, Paraguay. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus orthonops Eigenmann & Kennedy, 1903. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Paraguay and Paraná River basins: Argentina, Brazil and Paraguay. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916 - Parnagua halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann [C. H.] & Henn [A. W.], 1916:87, Pl. 17, Hemiodus rodolphoi Fowler [H. W.], 1941:174, Figs. 84-85] Notes: [Annals of the Carnegie Museum v. 10 (nos 1/2); ref. 12361] Lagoa de Parnagua, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Parnaíba River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater. (rodolphoi) [Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia v. 93; ref. 1437] Rio Parnahyba, Therezina, Piauhy, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus parnaguae Eigenmann & Henn, 1916. Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus quadrimaculatus Pellegrin, 1909 - barred hemiodus [=Hemiodus quadrimaculatus Pellegrin [J.], 1909:343 [2]] Notes: [Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (Série 1) v. 14 (no. 7)[1908]; ref. 3423] Camopi River, French Guiana. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus quadrimaculatus Pellegrin, 1909. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Northern South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, 1858 - halfline hemiodus [=Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner [R.], 1858:77] Notes: [Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Classe v. 30 (no. 13); ref. 13404] Rio Guaporé, Amazon system, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus semitaeniatus Kner, 1858. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, Guyana, Paraguay and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus sterni (Géry, 1964) - Stern's halftooth (author) [=Hemiodopsis sterni Géry [J.], 1964:70, Fig. 3] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Amazon system, shore of Upper Rio Juruena, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus sterni (Géry, 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Upper Juruena River basin, in Tapajós River drainage, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus ternetzi Myers, 1927 - Jausinho halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus ternetzi Myers [G. S.], 1927:110] Notes: [Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology v. 68 (no. 3); ref. 3096] Jausinho Brook, into the Tocantins, Goias, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus ternetzi Myers, 1927. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Tocantins River basin, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke, 1955 - Solimoes halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke [J. E.], 1955:8, Figs. 20-21] Notes: [Notulae Naturae (Philadelphia) No. 278; ref. 12365] Rio Negro, Brazil-Colombia border, about 1°12'N, 66°51'W. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus thayeria Böhlke, 1955. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Solimões, Negro, and Orinoco River basins: Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus tocantinensis Langeani, 1999 - Tocantins halftooth (author) [=Hemiodus tocantinensis Langeani [F.], 1999:719, Fig. 1] Notes: [Copeia 1999 (no. 3); ref. 23914] Tributary stream of ribeirao Lajeadinho, below "cuesta," rio Araguaia, Alto Araguaia, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus tocantinensis Langeani, 1999. Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Araguaia and Tocantins River basins, Brazil. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794) - unimaculatus halftooth (author) [=Salmo unimaculatus Bloch [M. E.], 1794:105, Pl. 381 (fig. 3), Hemiodus crenidens Müller [J. W. von], 1842:324, Hemiodus kappleri Günther [A.], 1868:479, Hemiodus microcephalus Günther [A.], 1864:298, Anodus notatus Jardine [W.], in Schomburgk, 1841:218, Pl. 15] Notes: [Naturgeschichte der ausländischen Fische v. 8; ref. 463] Brazil; Suriname. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Widespread in South America: Brazil, French Guiana, Guyana, Peru and Suriname. Habitat: freshwater. (crenidens) [Archiv für Anatomie, Physiologie, und wissenschaftliche Medicin (J. Müller) (for. 1842); ref. 19677] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (kappleri) [Annals and Magazine of Natural History (Series 4) v. 1 (no. 6) (art. 56); ref. 1992] Suriname. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (microcephalus) [Catalogue of the fishes in the British Museum v. 5; ref. 1974] Rio Capin [= Capim], Pará State, Brazil. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater. (notatus) [The Natural history of fishes of Guiana; ref. 18707] South America. Current status: Synonym of Hemiodus unimaculatus (Bloch, 1794). Hemiodontidae. Habitat: freshwater.

Species Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Géry, 1964) - Vorderwinkler's halftooth (author) [=Hemiodopsis vorderwinkleri Géry [J.], 1964:14, Fig. 1] Notes: [Tropical Fish Hobbyist v. 13 (no. 3, Nov.); ref. 2150] Upper Amazon, Brazilian-Colombian boundaries surrounding Leticia. Current status: Valid as Hemiodus vorderwinkleri (Géry, 1964). Hemiodontidae. Distribution: Upper Amazon, Brazilian-Colombia border. Habitat: freshwater.