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Acta FF ZČU, 2009, Vol. 1 acta4 / 09 Fakulty filozofické Západočeské univerzity v Plzni 4 / 09 acta 4 / 09 acta Acta FF ZČU Fakulta filozofická Západočeská univerzita v Plzni, 2009 Prof. RNDr. Ivo Budil, Ph.D., DSc., editor, 2009 Registrace MKČR E 16521 Datum vydání: 30. 12. 2009 Vychází třikrát ročně. ISSN 1802-0364 obsah 11 Úvod 133 Egyptian mawlids in the context of contemporary Sufi spirituality Ivo Budil Bronislav Ostřanský PŘÍSPĚVKY 145 K problematice zpracování nejstarších muzejních sbírek Na příkladu sbírky Otokara Feistmantla – zakladatele indické sbírky 15 Muslims in the West: Dagmar Pospíšilová Media as an Integration Strategy Jana Břeská 155 Metternich’s Judgement on Islam: Modern Thinking? Miroslav Šedivý 41 Moc, revoluce a kolektivní jednání v dílech Michaela Manna, Charlese Tillyho ROZHOVOR a Thedy Skocpolové Stanislav Holubec 165 Rozhovor s prof. Markem Zvelebilem Ivo Budil 63 Jaký byl vliv složení populace rodiček na zdraví novorozenců v ČR mezi roky 1992 a 2004? RECENZE Martin Kreidl Martina Štípková 175 Neil Gilbert: A Mother´s Work Lucie Hošková 83 K některým aspektům mobility v čínském starověku Jakub Maršálek 181 Mary Holmes: Gender and Everyday life Jaroslava Hasmanová Marhánková 93 Misogyny and Misogamy in The Taming of the Shrew: A Sketch of Shakespearean Productions 187 Eliška Tomalová: Kulturní diplomacie. Francouzská zkušenost. Ivona Mišterová Štěpán Strnad 109 V hlavní nebo vedlejší roli Egypt 193 Jehuda Bauer: Úvahy o holokaustu Hana Navrátilová Zbyněk Tarant úvod 10 | 11 Prof. RNDr. Ivo Budil, Ph.D., DSc. Úvodní slovo Vědecká rada Západočeské univerzity v Plzni uděluje během svého listopadového slavnost- ního zasedání při příležitosti výročí obnovení demokracie v naší zemi čestný doktorát vý- značné osobnosti mezinárodního vědeckého života. V roce 2010 byl takto oceněn profesor Marek Zvelebil, významný britský archeolog českého původu působící na univerzitě v Shef- fieldu. Profesor Marek Zvelebil je čtenářům (kteří nejsou archeologové) představen v rozho- voru, jenž naleznou uvnitř čísla Act Fakulty filozofické ZČU. Na tomto místě musíme pouze konstatovat, že profesor Marek Zvelebil jezdí do Plzně řadu let, s místními badateli syste- maticky spolupracuje a jeho přednášky mají u posluchačů velký ohlas. Vedení Fakulty filo- zofické Západočeské univerzity v Plzni pokládalo proto za zcela logické a oprávněné navrh- nout jej na výše uvedené ocenění. Internacionalizace studia a výzkumu představuje pro Fakultu filozofickou Zápa- dočeské univerzity v Plzni naprosto přirozenou součást její existence. Univerzity měly již od středověku univerzalistické aspirace překonávající partikularismus a lokální politické či et- nické zájmy. Univerzitní vzdělání zahrnovalo a mělo by zahrnovat i nadále iniciační proces, jehož prostřednictvím se jedinec učí kosmopolitismu, aniž se přitom zbavuje respektu a od- povědnosti vůči místu, ve kterém se zrodil. Univerzity tak náležely k institucím, které udržo- valy jednotu západní civilizace i v době největších náboženských či nacionalistických vášní. České prostředí z různých důvodů, politických, kulturních nebo i geografických, zcela nepři- vyklo myšlence, že kosmopolitismus není zradou národního bytí. Je v něm příliš hluboko zakořeněn chtonický předsudek o „opuštění, které je příčinou záhuby”. Zatímco Robinson Úvodní slovo | Prof. RNDr. Ivo Budil, Ph.D., DSc. 14—123 Crusoe se vystavoval největším rizikům v exotických krajích a jeho návraty do Anglie byly příspěvky pouhými epizodami (a „bludný Holanďan” již vlast nikdy nenavštívil, aniž ovšem přestal být „Holanďanem”), archetyp obrozeneckého češství, Švanda dudák, se po prvním bezvýznam- ném incidentu, nad nímž by příslušník otrlejšího národa pohrdavě mávl rukou, pokorně vrací „ze světa” do rodné vsi, z níž se již raději nikdy nevzdálí. Češi se na rozdíl od jiných západních národů v uplynulých staletích neúčastnili Jana Břeská žádného koloniálního dobrodružství, a nemusejí je proto trápit traumata z domnělých či sku- tečných genocid a zločinů způsobených mimoevropským populacím (jediným územím, na Stanislav Holubec kterém z vlastní vůle prováděli v minulosti „civilizační misi”, bylo Slovensko a Podkarpatská Rus). Nenaučili se ale přirozené solidaritě, která spojuje minority či diaspory rozptýlené po Martin Kreidl celém světě a jež zmnožuje síly a rozšiřuje rozhled národního státu. Zatímco takzvaná Polo- Martina Štípková nia je globálním fenoménem, který činí z Polska mnohem vlivnější zemi, než by odpovídalo jeho reálnému hospodářskému a demografickému potenciálu, Česko na analogickou Bohe- Jakub Maršálek mii rezignovalo. Vztah mezi krajany a původní vlastí charakterizuje příliš často lhostejná po- Ivona Mišterová výšenost na straně jedné a nedůvěra, žárlivost a závist na straně druhé. Tento přístup je ovšem v současném světě anachronismem a žádné etnikum, Hana Navrátilová které nechce být pohlceno vírem zesilující globální rivality, si jej nemůže dovolit. Kvalitní vysoké školy si jsou zmíněné skutečnosti vědomy a jejich půda má výrazně kosmopolitní Bronislav Ostřanský charakter. Doufejme, že díky své vzdělávací činnosti dokážou změnit zažité stereotypy Dagmar Pospíšilová a kolektivní mentalitu. Miroslav Šedivý prof. RNDr. Ivo Budil, Ph.D., DSc. Muslims in the West: Media as an Integration Strategy | Jana Břeská 14 | 15 Jana Břeská Muslims in the West: Media as an Integration Strategy Abstract West European countries face social problems linked to immigration issues. The most expo- sed community of immigrants comes from the Muslim world, bringing to the West its own religious and social tradition. Such issues, however, are not unilateral. The immigrated Mus- lim community has to find solution to the same problem, which is usually seen from a diffe- rent point of view. Media plays an important role in solving integration issues and EU member sta- tes have adopted television and radio as an integral part of European integration strategy. National governments nevertheless comply with the EU recommendations only until a cer- tain degree. On the other hand, although on a smaller scale, the immigrated Muslim com- munities have started to use the same means to strengthen weakened ties between mem- bers of the Ummah in hijra and to confirm proper identity in the minority position. While the States use mostly public national media, Muslim communities try to get access at least to the local televisions or radios. Such initiatives aim mostly at successful integration without assimilation into secular Western society. However, many actors impede reaching this goal – also in the same field of me- dia, like transnational Islamic television providers transmitting via satellite from different European cities or private TV program producers reflecting deliberately in their shots outda- ted Western prejudices toward Islam. Muslims in the West: Media as an Integration Strategy | Jana Břeská 16 | 17 Introduction links and the European social and citizenship policies contributed to the ghettoisation of Muslims in the West several groups on immigrants in Western Europe. In the last thirty years Muslim communities have become an integral part of European Besides the most numerous groups of mostly young unqualified male Muslim society. Historically and culturally homogenous Christian Western Europe is facing, in its immigrants coming to Europe in search of economic opportunities, a second category age of secularism, new phenomenon of cultural and religious diversity. of Muslim immigrants appeared: older and highly qualified Iranian families leaving their In spite of several historical periods of Muslim presence in Western Europe country for political and ideological reasons during the Iranian Revolution at the end of and the cultural heritage, which Muslims left behind when they had to leave, and Euro- the 1970’s. This group able to quickly integrate economically and socially represented pean ties to the Muslim world in the colonialism and post-colonialism era, Muslims are a minority in the overall Muslim immigration into Western Europe and thanks to its fast in the focus mostly as a problematic group, not as a natural component of European mi- integration and obvious positive contribution to the host country economic growth they nority spectrum. Cultural conflicts related to Islam have erupted in the public space of never really became an exposed minority group. Paradoxically, this group was not able many West European countries. ”Moreover, the content of discussions on immigration to convey a more positive message about Muslims to European society than the nega- has tended to shift to the cultural and symbolic level: political actors, media, intellectu- tive image of Islam, which was conveyed by political events in Iran. als, all focus their attention on some presupposed Islamic specificities. The immigrant, In the 1980’s Europe did not need guest labor force anymore, the economic in many variable scenes, has progressively become ‘Muslim’, both in his/her perception stagnation deprived a lot of Europeans of their job and immigrant ghettos started to by the host societies and in his/her self-perception.”1 be considered by uninformed European mass as the main reason of their economic and Muslims started to flow massively into Western Europe in the second half unemployment problems. These purely economic and social issues acquired a religious of the 20th century. British and French ex-colonies in Africa and Asia turned into a sou- tint with the growing visibility of Muslim communities and in the context of international rce of labor force needed in the post-war reconstruction
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