Contents More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-62062-8 - The Multiwavelength Atlas of Galaxies Glen Mackie Table of Contents More information

Contents

Preface page ix 2.4.6 Submillimeter 40 Acknowledgements xi 2.4.7 Radio 41 2.5 Caveat #1: Mass versus light and dark matter 43 2.6 Caveat #2: Looking back to the beginning 45 Galaxies 1 1 2.7 Caveat #3: Observational bias 48 1.1 Prehistory of galaxies 2 2.8 Galaxy research and multiwavelength 49 1.2 “It is worthy of notice” 5 observations 2.8.1 A unified scheme of active galaxies 49 1.3 Multiwavelength laboratories in space 6 2.8.2 The far-IR radio correlation 50 1.4 The atlas galaxy sample 9 2.8.3 A non-universal IMF 51 1.5 Atlas galaxy categories 9 2.8.4 Gamma ray bursts 51 1.5.1 Normal galaxies 9 2.8.5 Magnetic fields in galaxies 51 1.5.2 Interacting galaxies 9 2.9 Additional reading 53 1.5.3 Merging galaxies 11 1.5.4 Starburst galaxies 11 1.5.5 Active galaxies 12 3 A view from the inside: The Galaxy 55 1.6 Properties of the atlas sample 16 ∗ 1.6.1 Galaxy nomenclature 16 3.1 Quiet monster – Sagittarius A 55 1.6.2 Galaxy morphology 16 3.2 All-sky maps of the Galaxy 58 1.6.3 Distances and luminosities 22 3.2.1 Gamma ray – >100 MeV 58 1.6.4 Multiple classifications 23 3.2.2 Gamma ray – 1.8 MeV 58 1.7 Epoch of formation and galaxy ages 25 3.2.3 Soft X-ray 60 3.2.4 Optical 60 1.8 Additional reading 27 3.2.5 Optical – Hα at 6563 A˚ 60 3.2.6 Near-infrared 60 Observing the electromagnetic 3.2.7 Mid- and far-infrared 60 spectrum 29 2 3.2.8 Radio – molecular hydrogen 65 2.1 Earth’s atmosphere and extraneous radiation 29 3.2.9 Radio – atomic hydrogen 65 3.2.10 Radio – 73 cm/408 MHz continuum 65 2.2 Temperature, energy, wavelength 30 and frequency 3.3 Additional reading 65 2.3 Astronomical sources of radiation 33 2.4 Origin of astronomical radiation 33 4 The Atlas 67 2.4.1 Gamma rays 33 2.4.2 X-rays 35 4.1 Normal galaxies 68 2.4.3 Ultraviolet 37 4.1.1 NGC 224/Messier 31 68 2.4.4 Optical 37 4.1.2 Small Magellanic Cloud 75 2.4.5 Infrared 40 4.1.3 NGC 300 78

VIII CONTENTS

4.1.4 NGC 598/Messier 33 82 4.5.5 3C 273 186 4.1.5 NGC 891 90 4.5.6 NGC 4486/Messier 87 188 4.1.6 NGC 1399 94 4.5.7 NGC 4594/Messier 104 193 4.1.7 Large Magellanic Cloud 98 4.5.8 NGC 5128 197 4.1.8 NGC 2915 105 4.5.9 A1795 #1 206 4.1.9 Malin 2 108 4.5.10 Arp 220 209 4.1.10 NGC 5457/Messier 101 110 4.5.11 Cygnus A 212 4.1.11 NGC 6822 116 4.2 Interacting galaxies 119 Appendices and references 219 4.2.1 NGC 4406/Messier 86 119 4.2.2 NGC 4472/Messier 49 122 Appendix A: Telescopes and instruments 220 4.2.3 NGC 4676 124 Appendix B: Source list of all-sky Galaxy images 223 4.2.4 NGC 5194/Messier 51 127 Appendix C: Source list of galaxy images 224 4.3 Merging galaxies 135 4.3.1 NGC 520 135 Appendix D: Cross-reference list 234 4.3.2 NGC 1275 138 Appendix E: Common abbreviations 236 4.3.3 NGC 1316 141 and acronyms 4.3.4 NGC 4038/NGC 4039 146 Appendix F: Astronomical constants and units 237 4.3.5 NGC 7252 151 Appendix G: Other atlases of galaxies 237 4.4 Starburst galaxies 154 Appendix H: Spectral energy distributions 238 4.4.1 NGC 253 154 4.4.2 NGC 3034/Messier 82 161 General text references 240 4.4.3 NGC 5236/Messier 83 165 Major image sources and references 242 4.5 Active galaxies 171 Selected references by galaxy 243 4.5.1 NGC 1068/Messier 77 171 4.5.2 NGC 1365 174 Acknowledgements and permissions 250 4.5.3 NGC 3031/Messier 81 177 Galaxy index 252 4.5.4 NGC 4258/Messier 106 182 Index 253