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Portrayal of Rohingya Women in the Newspapers of Bangladesh by Md Global Journal of HUMAN-SOCIAL SCIENCE: C Sociology & Culture Volume 20 Issue 7 Version 1.0 Year 2020 Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Online ISSN: 2249-460x & Print ISSN: 0975-587X Portrayal of Rohingya Women in the Newspapers of Bangladesh By Md. Ragib Rahman & Janifar Kamal Nova State University of Bangladesh Abstract- The study has been conducted to find out how Rohingya women are being portrayed in Bangladeshi newspapers. The Rohingya problem is one of the major problems in the world today. Naturally, Rohingya women are one of the biggest victims of this problem. The study has been conducted with several objectives such as getting an idea of how Rohingya women are being portrayed in the newspapers of Bangladesh, determining the relative rate of committing crime, vulnerability or success stories in the news reports about Rohingya women and gaining an idea of the socio-economic status of Rohingya women who came to Bangladesh as refugees from newspaper reports. The news items on Rohingya women have been analyzed in four leading newspapers in Bangladesh in terms of circulation. The news reports have been analyzed into three categories: crime, vulnerability and success. From the analyzed data we found that Bangladesh Pratidin, which has the largest circulation, published 72 news items regarding Rohingya women, Prothom Alo, the 2nd largest circulated newspaper, published 37 news items, The Daily Jugantor published 76 news items and The Daily Star, the largest circulated English newspaper published 47 news items. Keywords: rohingya women, newspaper, Bangladesh. GJHSS-C Classification: FOR Code: 190301 Portrayal ofRohingyaWomenintheNewspapersofBangladesh Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2020. Md. Ragib Rahman & Janifar Kamal Nova. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non- commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Portrayal of Rohingya Women in the Newspapers of Bangladesh α σ Md. Ragib Rahman & Janifar Kamal Nova Abstract - The study has been conducted to find out how life of Bangladesh. The Rohingya crisis is not a new Rohingya women are being portrayed in Bangladeshi issue in Bangladesh. But it has become complex since newspapers. The Rohingya problem is one of the major 2017. Different news about them have also been problems in the world today. Naturally, Rohingya women are broadcast and published in different media at various one of the biggest victims of this problem. The study has been times. conducted with several objectives such as getting an idea of Women are a very significant part of the how Rohingya women are being portrayed in the newspapers 2020 of Bangladesh, determining the relative rate of committing Rohingya population. In the context of the socio- crime, vulnerability or success stories in the news reports economic conditions of developing countries in the ear about Rohingya women and gaining an idea of the socio- Third World, women are generally seen as neglected, Y economic status of Rohingya women who came to abused and dependent on men (Chowdhury & Jhuma, 49 Bangladesh as refugees from newspaper reports. The news 2014). Needless to say, the situation of Rohingya items on Rohingya women have been analyzed in four leading women as a neglected and backward people is even newspapers in Bangladesh in terms of circulation. The news more deplorable. At various times they have been the reports have been analyzed into three categories: crime, headlines of newspapers- sometimes as positive, vulnerability and success. From the analyzed data we found that Bangladesh Pratidin, which has the largest circulation, sometimes as negative. Therefore, how the Rohingya published 72 news items regarding Rohingya women, Prothom women have been portrayed in the mainstream Alo, the 2nd largest circulated newspaper, published 37 news newspapers of Bangladesh will be explored through this items, The Daily Jugantor published 76 news items and The research. Daily Star, the largest circulated English newspaper published 47 news items. The news stories published from the point of II. Historical Background view of vulnerability of Rohingya women are about rape, The Rohingya are a stateless Indo-Aryan people women trafficking, forced marriage, health risk, involvement in prostitution, being victims of physical torture, death etc. On the in the Rakhine state of western Myanmar. Most of the Rohingyas are followers of Islam and some of them are ) other hand, the reports published from the point of view of C followers of Hinduism. The United Nations and Human ( crime of Rohingya women are about illegal immigration, Volume XX Issue VII Version I passport forgery, drug dealing, theft, trying to create fake birth Rights Watch have called the repression and torture of registration certificate etc. In contrast to these negative stories, Myanmar's Rohingya ‘Ethnic Cleansing’ where evidence the number of positive news report is very poor. Also, those of crimes such as genocide has been found (UN, articles highlighted some of the Rohingya women's 2017a). achievements particularly, not a revolutionary change. Until the annexation of Chittagong to the - Keywords: rohingya women, newspaper, Bangladesh. Mughal Empire in 1616, Arakan (Current Rakhine) and I. Introduction Chittagong was a separate independent state. Arakan remained an independent entity for more than a he media is called the ‘mirror of society’. It is hundred years after the Mughals annexed Chittagong. sometimes called the ‘fourth pillar of the state’. It In 1784, the Burmese king led a military campaign to Tcan play a strong role in setting the agenda of capture Arakan. Since then Arakan has been a part of society. It even has the irresistible power with a view to Burma. The Rohingyas think that the Arakanese are drawing the attention of the international community to aggressors and deprivers of the freedom of the any important issue. Rohingya community (Shikdar, 2018). So the onset of The Rohingya crisis is one of the most talked- Rohingya grudge against the Burmese is very old. Global Journal of Human Social Science about issues in the world nowadays. They are called There was coexistence between the Rohingya ‘stateless people’. According to the United Nations, the and the Burmese during the British rule. However, Rohingya are one of the most persecuted minorities in during World War II, the Japanese invaded Burma under the world (UN, 2013). Although this is an internal matter British colonial rule. British were defeated and left of Myanmar, they have entered Bangladesh as refugees power. This resulted in widespread clashes. Notable at different times after being tortured in their own among these was the communal riots between the country. As a result, the Rohingya crisis now has a Buddhist Rakhine and the Muslim Rohingya. During the significant impact on the social, political and economic creation of India and Pakistan in 1947, the Rohingyas Author α: State University of Bangladesh. held several meetings with the Governor-General of e-mail: [email protected] ©2020 Global Journals Portrayal of Rohingya Women in the Newspapers of Bangladesh Pakistan, Jinnah, and expressed their desire to remain iii. Gaining an idea of the socio-economic status of with Pakistan. Other ethnic groups in Arakan could not Rohingya women who came to Bangladesh as accept this action. They considered the Rohingyas as refugees from newspaper reports. ‘unfaithful’. Jinnah, meanwhile, rejected the Rohingya's offer (Saha, 2017). Then the Rohingyas themselves IV. Literature Review formed the ‘Rohingya Muslim Party’ and started an No direct work has been found on the portrayal armed struggle for the independence of Arakan and of Rohingya women in the media during the Rohingya tried to carry out an armed rebellion against the crisis. Therefore, some research articles that have been government. When the military government came to done on the representation of the Rohingya crisis in power in Burma in 1982, the persecution of the various international media have been reviewed here. At Rohingya increased. In 1982, the Myanmar government the same time, some research works on differences in revoked the citizenship of the Rohingya and officially the approach and frame of presenting the news stories labeled them ‘infiltrators’. They were deprived of their in the media of different countries are also reviewed right to vote, social and political rights in their own here. 2020 country (Myanmar Nationality Law, 1982). Osama Kanaker, Mohamed Oklah Abughazli & Hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas were ear Mohd Faizal Kasmani (2020) in their study ‘Media Y deported from Myanmar for the first time in 1977-78 and Framing of Minorities’ Crisis: A Study on Aljazeera and for the second time in 1990-91 and took shelter in BBC News Coverage of the Rohingya’ explained how 50 Bangladesh. Then more and more Rohingyas started framing theory has been implemented to discover the entering Bangladesh at different times. As of December frames used by Aljazeera and BBC in framing the 2017, about 7,00,000 Rohingya refugees took refuge in causes and ramifications of the Rohingya crisis. Two Bangladesh with a view to escaping the genocide that frames ‘powerlessness’ and ‘responsibility’ have been began on August 25, 2017 by Myanmar's military. In all, used to frame the selected news items. Both media at least 11 lakh Rohingyas have taken refuge in Cox's presented the principal causes of this crisis which are Bazar at different times (Shikdar, 2018). security and military campaign whereas the prime The first deadline for Rohingya repatriation was ramification is deportation. Throughout the sample news set for November 15, 2018. But at that time no one reports, the struggle and sufferings of Rohingya were could be sent to Rakhine as the Rohingyas did not highlighted using the above mentioned frames, but the agree.
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