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Status of the Crusade to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: a Comparative Analysis of Laws and Programs in the United States and Egypt, the Elizabeth A
Penn State International Law Review Volume 22 Article 11 Number 4 Penn State International Law Review 5-1-2004 Status of the Crusade to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: A Comparative Analysis of Laws and Programs in the United States and Egypt, The Elizabeth A. Syer Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr Recommended Citation Syer, Elizabeth A. (2004) "Status of the Crusade to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: A Comparative Analysis of Laws and Programs in the United States and Egypt, The," Penn State International Law Review: Vol. 22: No. 4, Article 11. Available at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/psilr/vol22/iss4/11 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Penn State International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. I Comment I The Status of the Crusade to Eradicate Female Genital Mutilation: A Comparative Analysis of Laws and Programs in the United States and Egypt Elizabeth A. Syer* John F. Kennedy once said, "[O]ur progress as a nation can be no swifter than our progress in education. The human mind is our fundamental resource."' This notion still holds true today. Throughout the course of history, education has proven to be an explosive technique in battling against human rights violations. 2 Female Genital Mutilation (hereinafter "FGM") or female circumcision is a battle that must be fought using education as its cannon;3 only then will this cruel and * Elizabeth A. -
Forced Marriage in Immigrant Communities in the United States
Forced Marriage in Immigrant Communities in the United States 2011 National Survey Results Forced marriage is a pernicious global problem order” in family court; made changes to the visa threatening the freedom, safety, health, and sponsorship process; promoted extensive education of women and girls. UNICEF estimates community education, outreach and training; and that in developing countries, over 60 million supported thousands of individuals trying to avoid women now aged 20-24 were married as girls.i or escape forced marriages. The reasons for forced marriage are complex and The United States, however, lags far behind – varied—parents may use a forced marriage to and until now, has done little to recognize or ensure a young woman will adhere to conservative address the problem of forced marriage. morals and gender roles, or to otherwise protect Domestically, there are very few laws and family honor. Forced marriages may also be used policies specifically to help forced marriage to enhance a family’s status, or to gain economic victims, leaving young women (and some men) security. Whatever the rationale, the result may in crisis with few resources and options.iv subject a young woman to severe and sustained abuse, including domestic violence, marital rape, THE TAHIRIH JUSTICE CENTER’S and other forms of violence, decreased levels of REASONS FOR CONDUCTING A education, health complications, and a life of NATIONAL SURVEY ON FORCED submission and dependence. MARRIAGE Western countries with large populations coming The Tahirih Justice Center (Tahirih) is one of the from regions of the world where forced marriage nation’s foremost legal defense organizations is common are beginning to realize that immigrant protecting women and girls fleeing human rights families may persist in such traditions and beliefs abuses. -
Refugees, Race, and Gender: the Multiple Discrimination Against Refugee Women
Refugees, Race, and Gender: The Multiple Discrimination against Refugee Women Eileen Pittaway & Linda Bartolomei Abstract réinstallation. Se basant sur une étude de cas portant sur This paper examines the intersectionality of race and une section de la politique sur les réfugiés en Australie, il gender in refugee situations, and the multiple forms of illustre l’impacte qu’a cette discrimination sur les femmes discrimination experienced by refugee women. It explores réfugiées. La Conférence contre le racisme, qui doit se tenir the notion of racism as a root cause of refugee generation, bientôt, offrira une occasion unique à la communauté and the gendered nature of the refugee experience. The internationale de se pencher sur ce phénomène. manner in which racism and sexism intersect to compound the human rights violations that refugee women experience Introduction is explored in the treatment of sexual violence in interna- ore than per cent of the world’s refugees are tional and domestic law and policy; during armed conflict; women and their dependent children. Violence in refugee camps; in countries of first asylum; and in Magainst women is rampant during armed con- countries of resettlement. Using a case study of one strand flict. It is manifested through involuntary relocation, as of refugee policy in Australia, it illustrates the impact of forced labour, torture, summary executions of women, this discrimination on refugee women. The forthcoming forced deportation, and racist state policies denying or World Conference against Racism offers a unique opportu- limiting public representation, health care, education, nity for this phenomenon to be addressed by the interna- employment, and access to legal redress. -
Tahirih Justice Center Is a National Non-Profit That Protects Courageous
FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE | September 27, 2018 CONTACT: Tania Stewart [email protected], 202-478-6174 STATEMENT ON VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN ACT As the deadline to reauthorize the Violence Against Women Act fast approaches, various reports indicate that VAWA will be extended through December 7th as part of the government funding bill. However, modest, yet critical improvements to the Act will likely not be a reality. This Congress will push through only a simple, short-term extension to VAWA without a meaningful and thoughtful approach to protecting survivors of violence. “The Tahirih Justice Center is disappointed at the lack of reauthorization by Congress, putting women who endured horrific brutality in a vulnerable position without the vital support they need from the federal government,” said Archi Pyati, Chief of Policy at the Tahirih Justice Center. “Protecting survivors of violence should not be a partisan issue.” Without robust enhancements to VAWA, immigrant women are especially susceptible as they navigate an already-complex and ever-changing immigration process. Three out of four advocates report that immigrant survivors have concerns about going to court for a matter related to their abuser. In the first two quarters of FY2018, there were 1,869 approvals and 1,067 denials of VAWA self-petitions; of the cases that were adjudicated, 36% were denied. Domestic battery problems can be terribly exacerbated in marriages where one spouse is not a citizen, and the non-citizen’s legal status depends on her marriage to her abuser. “Immigrant survivors of violence are currently living in a climate of fear created by increased deportations and growing restrictions on protections for immigrants fleeing horrific violence,” added Pyati. -
Female Genital Cutting: Breaking the Silence, Enabling Change
Synthesis Paper Female Genital Cutting: Breaking the Silence, Enabling Change Julia M. Masterson Julie Hanson Swanson Photos courtesy of: Julia Masterson Design: Manu Badlani Copyright© 2000 International Center for Research on Women and The Centre for Development and Population Activities Female Genital Cutting: Breaking the Silence, Enabling Change Julia M. Masterson Julie Hanson Swanson Table of Contents Preface ................................................................................................................................................. 3 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................................................. 4 Executive Summary............................................................................................................................ 5 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 7 What is FGC? ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Applying Global Rights at the Local Level: Three Approaches to Ending FGC ........................... 12 Enabling Change: Lessons and Recommendations....................................................................... 23 Next Steps .......................................................................................................................................... 31 Appendix .......................................................................................................................................... -
Nutritional Situation Among Syrian Refugees Hosted in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon: Cross Sectional Surveys S
Hossain et al. Conflict and Health (2016) 10:26 DOI 10.1186/s13031-016-0093-6 RESEARCH Open Access Nutritional situation among Syrian refugees hosted in Iraq, Jordan, and Lebanon: cross sectional surveys S. M. Moazzem Hossain1, Eva Leidman2*, James Kingori1, Abdullah Al Harun1 and Oleg O. Bilukha2 Abstract Background: Ongoing armed conflict in Syria has caused large scale displacement. Approximately half of the population of Syria have been displaced including the millions living as refugees in neighboring countries. We sought to assess the health and nutrition of Syrian refugees affected by the conflict. Methods: Representative cross-sectional surveys of Syrian refugees were conducted between October 2 and November 30, 2013 in Lebanon, April 12 and May 1, 2014 in Jordan, and May 20 and 31, 2013 in Iraq. Surveys in Lebanon were organized in four geographical regions (North, South, Beirut/Mount Lebanon and Bekaa). In Jordan, independent surveys assessed refugees residing in Za’atri refugee camp and refugees residing among host community nationwide. In Iraq, refugees residing in Domiz refugee camp in the Kurdistan region were assessed. Data collected on children aged 6 to 59 months included anthropometric indicators, morbidity and feeding practices. In Jordan and Lebanon, data collection also included hemoglobin concentration for children and non- pregnant women aged 15 to 49 years, anthropometric indicators for both pregnant and non-pregnant women, and household level indicators such as access to safe water and sanitation. Results: The prevalence of global acute malnutrition among children 6 to 59 months of age was less than 5 % in all samples (range 0.3–4.4 %). -
NATIONWIDE SURVEY: a Window Into the Challenges Immigrant Women and Girls Face in the United States and the Policy Solutions to Address Them
NATIONWIDE SURVEY: A Window Into the Challenges Immigrant Women and Girls Face in the United States and the Policy Solutions to Address Them January 31, 2018 This survey was conducted through the generous support of the Ford Foundation, through a contract from NEO Philanthropy. 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 2 INTRODUCTION 3 FINDINGS 4 The Most Urgent Challenges Confronting Immigrant Women and Girls in the U.S. 4 Prevalence of Challenges Faced by Immigrant Women and Girls in the U.S. 8 Policy Solutions to Address the Most Urgent Challenges Confronting Immigrant Women and Girls 10 CONCLUSION 12 WORKS CITED 13 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Tahirih Justice Center is the largest multi-city direct service and policy advocacy organization focused on assisting immigrant women and girls in the United States. Over the last 20 years, Tahirih has provided free legal and case management assistance to more than 22,000 immigrant women and children fleeing human trafficking, domestic abuse, rape, and other gender-based violence. At the request of the Ford Foundation, Tahirih issued a nationwide survey in October 2017 asking immigration advocates, immigrant women, and legal and social service providers what they see as the most urgent systemic challenges facing immigrant women and girls. Over 150 individuals, representing 108 entities in 23 states, provided input in English and Spanish through the online survey and telephone interviews conducted by Tahirih. Survey participants were asked to identify and rank challenges facing immigrant women in order of urgency and impact, and to provide suggestions for policy solutions. While the survey sought to document the experience of immigrant women and girls generally, participants overwhelmingly discussed the experiences of immigrant women who have endured domestic or other gender-based violence. -
Female Genital Cutting Facts
FEMALE GENITAL CUTTING FACTS What is Female Genital Cutting? FGC IS AGAINST THE LAW Female genital cutting (FGC) means cutting, If you agree to have FGC done to a girl removing, or sewing closed some or all of a girl’s under the age of 18, you may: or woman’s private parts. FGC can also be called female circumcision, female genital mutilation, • Be arrested, charged with a crime, “khatna” or “khafd”, or “tahor”. FGC can go by many and go to prison for up to 15 other names not listed here. years, • Be reported to Child Protective Many Countries Oppose and Ban FGC Services and have your child(ren) The World Health Organization (WHO) considers taken away, FGC a human rights violation because: • Be sued by your daughter (up to • It violates the rights to health and bodily integrity. the age of 28). • It is a form of violence and torture against If you take a girl out of the United women. States or Michigan to get FGC, it is • It violates the rights of children who undergo still a crime. the practice without agreeing to it. Who does FGC and why? HEALTH RISKS OF FGC FGC may be part of the culture in some countries. Physical harm includes: FGC was practiced before most major religions • Severe pain began. FGC is not required by any religion; however, some religious sects have adopted the • Serious bleeding procedure. • Infections and diseases • Difficulty urinating or painful menstrual periods There is no medical reason for FGC. FGC has no • Problems during or after childbirth health benefits and causes harm to girls and • Death as a result from some of these problems women. -
“From One Hell to Another” the Detention of Chinese Women Who
WOMEN FOR REFUGEE WOMEN “From one hell to another” The detention of Chinese women who By Gemma Lousley, haveSamantha been Hudson trafficked to the UK and Sarah Cope Summary Since summer 2018, Women for Refugee Women has been receiving an increasing number of phone calls from women originally from China who are detained in Yarl’s Wood, many of whom are survivors of trafficking. In spite of the exploitation they have suffered, the Home Office has locked them up for months on end, and has only released them following sustained efforts by Duncan Lewis, the solicitors to which we have referred them. By reviewing the legal files of 14 of these women, it is clear that the Home Office is deliberately refusing to protect them, and is knowingly inflicting further harm and trauma on them. The case against detention has been made time and again. The Home Office has made promises of reform by introducing an “Adults at Risk” policy, which states that people who are vulnerable, including survivors of gender-based violence and trafficking, should not be detained. It has also repeatedly promised to help and support survivors of trafficking.1 But we show here that despite this, vulnerable women are still routinely being locked up and harmed by detention. The UK government needs to end its use of detention, and resolve people’s immigration cases in the community. Contents About Women for Refugee Introduction 3 Women Background to our research 4 Women for Refugee Women supports women Women from China in detention 4 who are seeking asylum in the UK and The cases in this research 4 challenges the injustices they face. -
Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting and Forced Marriage: Services and Advocacy
www.tahirih.org www.preventforcedmarriage.org FEMALE GENITAL MUTILATION/CUTTING AND FORCED MARRIAGE: SERVICES AND ADVOCACY Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) Forced Marriage FGM/C is a term used to describe practices that involve the A forced marriage is a marriage which takes place without the complete or partial removal of, or other injury to, the external full and free consent of one or both parties. It may be a female genitalia. These procedures have no health benefits, threatened marriage, or one that has already taken place. and the United Nations and the World Health Organization Forced marriages can happen to people of any gender, age, classify FGM/C as a human rights violation. religion, cultural background, or economic status. Intersection of FGM/C and Forced Marriage While not all individuals who face forced marriage are also at risk of FGM/C, and not all survivors of FGM/C will experience forced marriage, the two harms can intersect in several ways: FGM/C is often considered a prerequisite for getting girls ready to marry — so risk/experience of FGM/C may also indicate risk of future forced marriage. Likewise, forced marriage can at times precipitate FGM/C — some individuals may be at imminent risk of FGM/C in preparation for a marriage that they do not want. A victim or individual at risk of forced marriage may have already experienced FGM/C in her lifetime and require specialist health services with respect to medical or mental health problems she’s experiencing due to the FGM/C. A survivor of FGM/C may be in a forced marriage and in need of specialized social or legal services with respect to abuse or other problems she’s experiencing in the marriage or for help to leave the marriage. -
Layli Miller-Muro Elizabeth S
Human Rights Brief Volume 18 | Issue 3 Article 7 2011 Interview: Layli Miller-Muro Elizabeth S. Francis American University Washington College of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief Part of the Human Rights Law Commons, International Law Commons, and the Women Commons Recommended Citation Francis,Elizabeth S. "Interview: Layli Miller-Muro." Human Rights Brief 18, no.3 (2011):37-38. This Interview is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Rights Brief by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Francis: Interview: Layli Miller-Muro Interview: Layli Miller-Muro ayli Miller-Muro is the Executive Director of the Tahirih Justice Center, a non-profit organization dedicated to Lprotecting women and girls from human rights abuses through legal aid and public policy advocacy. A distinguished alumna of the American University Washington College of Law, shortly after this interview Tahirih Justice Center won Matter of A-T-, a high-profile asylum case providing asylum protection to a victim of female genital mutilation. Human Rights Brief: Looking back on your experience working in immigration and asylum law, is there a particular obstacle you consistently encounter? Layli Miller-Muro: There are two different kinds of obstacles that I consistently encounter and they are both very different. The first obstacle is programmatic and the second is institu- tional. -
Tahirih Justice Center Social Services Program Manager Tahirih Justice
Agency Name Tahirih Justice Center Job Title Social Services Program Manager Tahirih Justice Center seeks an empathetic professional for our Social Services Case Program Manager role who is committed to cultural humility and equity. Based out of our Houston, TX office, this role will require a high degree of emotional intelligence and discretion to support immigrant women and girls fleeing gender-based violence. The role of the Social Services Program Manager is to: maintain culturally-competent, trauma-informed case management services for a caseload of 15-25 cases; supervise case management support staff (approximately 1-2 full-time staff, 2 interns per semester); monitor and evaluate quantity and quality of service provision ongoing; conduct outreach and advocacy in local and regional forums; develop departmental compliance policies in relation to federal and state confidentiality and mandated reporting laws; support Social Services fundraising opportunities; an d coordinate with the Houston Volunteer Coordinator to support departmental needs. This position will work in tandem with the Managing Attorney, Deputy Director and Executive Director to provide holistic trauma-informed support to our clients. The ideal candidate will have experience working with female victims and survivors of violence from multi-cultural backgrounds and be able to meet clients where they are emotionally and mentally. This role requires a high degree of professionalism, self- motivation, and a thriving passion for social justice. The successful candidate must