INSIDE: • Chornobyl seven years after — a centerfold of stories and photos. • Medical consequences of Chornobyl in Belarus — page 9. • Ukraine s new visa guidelines — page 3.

Vol. LXI No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 50 cents U.S. fact-finding proceedings Strong-arm tattUs backtire conclude in Demjanjuk case ^S. shifting policy toward Ukraine by Marta Kolomayets Kuchma fiasco." by Andrew Fylypovych ed to Israel in 1986, where he was con­ Kyyiv Press Bureau The more the United States tried to Special to The Ukrainian Weekly victed of being the infamous "Ivan the strong-arm Ukraine into ratifying KYYIV — Pressure from the United Terrible" of Treblinka. He has steadfast­ START I, the more the Ukrainian NASHVILLE, Tenn. — A television States toward Ukraine to ratify START I ly denied the charges, claiming a case of Parliament seemed to drag its feet on rat­ crew on South Ninth Avenue was the has backfired, and a change in U.S.­ mistaken identity. His current lawyers, ification, pushing it further from becom­ only indication that something of impor­ Ukrainian relations is on the horizon, Michael E. Tigar and Edward F. Marek, ing a non-nuclear state, according to tance was taking place in the adjacent according to Ukrainian Deputy Foreign claim there was no mere mistake. They both Ukrainian leaders and Western federal courthouse. On April 30, John Minister Borys Tarasiuk, who returned have asked Judge Wiseman to rule that observers here. Demjanjuk, awaiting a ruling on his from high-level meetings at the U.S. there was fraud perpetrated by the OSI, "We stressed that the development of death sentence appeal before the Israeli State Department and the Pentagon on the Justice Department's Nazi-hunting Ukrainian-U.S. relations cannot be based Supreme Court, got another day in court Wednesday, May 5. unit, against the U.S. court system. only on one issue, the Supreme here in the United States. "The United States appears to be soft­ Council's ratification of START I and The Friday morning session, lasting Alleged government fraud ening its hard-line policy toward the Non-Proliferation Treaty," said Mr. just under two hours, was the culmina­ Ukraine," according to a senior Western Tarasiuk, during a press conference on tion of eight months of investigation, The hundreds of pages of legal briefs diplomat, speaking on the eve of Strobe Thursday afternoon. May 6. depositions of some 15 employees of the filed by both sides before Judge Talbott's trip to both Ukraine and "The U.S. delegation will bring with Office of Special Investigations, and tes­ Wiseman were quickly distilled by Mr. Russia. Tigar, a professor of law at the it new proposals which will encompass a timony before Thomas Wiseman Jr., Mr. Talbott, who serves as the Clinton University of Texas School of Law, and wide circle of Ukrainian-U.S. relations U.S. district judge for the Middle administration's ambassador-at-large to a former chairman of the American Bar District of Tennessee. Russia and the newly independent states, (Continued on page 3) Association's 60,000-member Section Judge Wiseman was appointed to sit is scheduled to meet with Ukrainian on Litigation. as a special master last August by the 6th President Leonid Kravchuk and Prime U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals in Mr. Tigar dug in hard. He pointed out Minister Leonid Kuchma during his May Socialists and democrats Cincinnati, which on its own motion, to Judge Wiseman that the government's 9-10 visit to Kyyiv. cover-up continued even after the Sixth hold May Day meetings reopened the Demjanjuk extradition and According to a U.S. government offi­ Circuit made its own request for evi­ denaturalization proceedings. It is Judge cial, the shift in policy came about only dence in January of 1992. He pointed out by Marta Kolomayets Wiseman's role to make a determination after Washington realized that Ukraine is that some six months later, in June, the Kyyiv Press Bureau as to what evidence, if any, OSI prosecu­ a lot more complicated than U.S. offi­ Department of Justice wrote to the Sixth tors withheld from Mr. Demjanjuk's cials thought. "It is basically a change in KYYIV — While pro-Communists Circuit stating that it had discovered defense lawyers during the many years philosophy," he said. It comes after the and militia clashed in Moscow, democ­ only "some protocols" in the case of of litigation prior to his extradition. racy scored a victory in Ukraine's capital Feodor Fedorenko that appeared relevant congressional delegation chaired by Rep. Mr. Demjanjuk, 73, was stripped of Richard Gephardt visited Kyyiv and city on Saturday, May 1, as two separate his citizenship in 1981, and was extradit­ (Continued on page 4) after what was referred to as "the meetings organized by, respectively, socialists and national democrats, passed without incident. On Saturday morning, the socialists Report details Ukrainian Canadian losses during internment (most of whom once were members of the now-banned Communist Party of Association of Japanese Canadians. country. by Christopher Guly Ukraine) celebrated May Day, which All claim that some violations of the In November 1990, Prime Minister was a major holiday under the human rights of their members in Mulroney told the House of Commons OTTAWA — A just-released confi­ Communist regime that celebrated the Canada over the past century. So far, that he would be making an apology to dential report to the Ukrainian Canadian solidarity of workers around the world. Congress (UCC) estimates that between only the Japanese-Canadian community Canadians of Chinese origin in connec­ 3,300 and 5,000 Ukrainian Canadians has received a setdement. In 1988, they tion with the head tax, as well as to This May Day celebration proved that suffered economic losses totalling any­ were offered a $12 million community Canadians of Ukrainian and Italian ori­ communism has not died in Ukraine. where from $21.6 million to $32.5-mil- development fund, along with $21,000 gins concerning their wartime intern­ But, it certainly has aged, as close to lion (in 1991 dollars) while they were to every survivor of second world war ment. And, in 1991, the Commons unan­ 2,000 celebrants, most of them pension­ interned following the outbreak of the Canadian internment camps. imously passed a motion by Liberal MP ers, climbed the steps to Kyyiv's Arch of first world war. Slow negotiations with Multi- Peter Milliken (Kingston and the Island) the Unification of All Peoples overlook­ ing the Dnipro River to hear speakers About two-thirds or 3,000 were culturalism Minister Gerry Weiner, Mr. urging redress for Ukrainian Canadians. call for the rebirth of the Communist wrongfully interned. Bardyn noted, have forced him to But Mr. Weiner's press secretary Len Party and a Soviet Ukraine within a The study, titled "Economic Losses of increase the pressure on Prime Minister Westerberg said "nothing has been ruled renewed Soviet Union. Ukrainian Canadians Resulting from Brian Mulroney's Conservative govern­ out" and that the Japanese settlement Many of the speakers approaching the Internment During World War I" was ment. He said he worries that Mr. package should not be a "yardstick" to microphone protested high prices and prepared by Price Waterhouse in January Weiner will recommend an omnibus be used for a Ukrainian Canadian redress the threat of unemployment. Both, they 1992. Up to now, the UCC has carefully redress package for the Ukrainian, package. claim, are consequences of an indepen­ hidden the results as an ace to negotiate Chinese and Italian communities in Still, former Housing Minister Alan dent Ukraine under the leadership of a redress settlement package with the Canada, while each group is claiming Redway, who represents the Ontario fed­ President Leonid Kravchuk, who once federal government. But time is running different forms of compensation. eral riding of Don Valley East in the served as ideology secretary of the out, said Ihor Bardyn, chairman of the While the Italian community, which Commons, said he hopes the federal Communist Party of Ukraine. The speak­ UCC's redress committee. has already received an apology, and the government remembers that each claim ers, many addressing the crowd in Mr. Bardyn's committee, along with Chinese community are both seeking is a "different case" and should be dealt Russian, included students from the representatives of the National Redress individual restitution, the UCC is push­ with separately. Central Asian republics, citizens of Alliance, is "putting the government on ing for a community package. Like the Meanwhile, Canada's national press is Trans-Dnistria, as well as professors of notice." That alliance is composed of Japanese, the Italians claim wrongful taking different sides on the question. A Kyyiv State University. One woman, members of the Chinese Canadian discrimination during World War II, March 29 editorial in the Toronto Star representing the "women's union," National Council, the National Council while Chinese-Canadians are seeking of Italian Canadians and the National restitution for unfair entry taxes into the (Continued on page 8) (Continued on page 17) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19 RESEARCH REPORT: The shaping Newsbriefs of Ukrainian attitudes on nukes on Ukraine by Bohdan Nahaylo the document instructed the appropriate RFE/RL Research Institute parliamentary commissions to consider, with the help of specialists, and from the PART IV Ukraine proposes collective security said future Ukrainian-Russian negotia­ point of view of guaranteeing the securi­ tions over nuclear weapons will be con­ Parliament signals reservations ty and external political interests of • PRAGUE — Ukraine on April 28 ducted at the level of deputy prime min­ Ukraine, the entire range of issues con­ presented a proposal at the Conference ister or higher. This may leave Yuriy When the Ukrainian Parliament final­ nected with Ukraine's nuclear disarma­ on Security and Cooperation in Europe Kostenko, the former head of Ukraine's ly got around to debating this and other ment, in particular the economic, finan­ to establish a collective security system negotiating team, out of the picture. Mr. military issues on April 8, the opposition cial, ecological and organizational ones. that would include Central Europe, the Kostenko recently prompted a Russian to unilateral nuclear disarmament was But an even more serious challenge to Baltic States and Ukraine. Russia and protest with an assertion that Ukraine is quite evident. Participants in the debate the existing official policy appeared to Belarus would apparently not be exclud­ at present a nuclear state, a position dis­ argued that it was folly to hand over be contained in Point 6, in which the ed from the system, but were not listed claimed by the Ukrainian government. nuclear weapons to a state that posed a Parliament called on the Ukrainian gov­ among the initial members. The pro­ (RFE/RL Daily Report) threat to Ukraine, and that because the ernment to submit for ratification the posed collective security body would republic was voluntarily giving up its agreements concerning nuclear weapons supplement the existing CSCE frame­ Moscow delineates foreign policy nuclear weapons, it was entitled to inter­ that had been signed at the CIS meetings work and could be introduced in stages. national guarantees of its security. in Alma-Ata on December 21 and in The first step in the process, according to • MOSCOW — A set of guidelines One of the deputies and a member of Minsk on December 30, 1991, as well as Ukraine's delegation leader Volodymyr delineating Russia's international affairs the parliamentary Commission on the CIS agreement on the status of Lapitsky, would be individual declara­ has been signed by Boris Yeltsin, said a Defense and State Security, Maj. Gen. strategic forces of February 14, 1992.71 tions by the participating countries Nezavisimaya Gazeta report of April 29. Volydymyr Tolubko, who had served in The mood in the Parliament and in the declaring their interest in enhancing The document highlights the importance the Strategic Rocket Forces and was the republic generally was further under­ security in the area. (RFE/RL Daily of integration in the CIS and identifies director of a military institute in scored in comments made by Parliament Report) the maintenance of the federation's unity Kharkiv, stated that a non-nuclear state Chairman Pliushch. Asked by journalists and the protection of human rights in the No nukes proposal narrowly defeated could not expect to be treated seriously at a press conference on April 17 what former Soviet Union as part of Russia's • KYYIV — A proposal that would vital interests. It also emphasized the have banned Ukraine from storing, man­ need to maintain involvement in interna­ President Leonid Kravchulc: ''...we volun­ ufacturing or using nuclear weapons was tional, political and economic organi­ narrowly defeated in Parliament, Reuters zations. The document, titled teered to eliminate [nuclear] weapons. We reported on April 22. Deputies leaving a Fundamental Positions of the Concept of closed session of Parliament said that Foreign Policy of the Russian think that policy is correct in its concept; we 189 of 450 members approved the draft Federation," apparently marks the end of would not like to change that policy. But doctrine, 37 short of the required majori­ a 14-month search for a set of guidelines ty. Deputies opposed to the doctrine for Russia's international affairs. some of the neighbors, especially Russia, demanded that Ukraine's position as a (RFE/RL Daily Report) nuclear state be clarified. While the doc­ have political forces which would like to trine renounced Ukraine's status as a (7.5. firm to deliver $100 M in food make territorial claims against Ukraine, and nuclear state in the long run, it was less clear how the country should deal with • DECATUR, III. — Giant agricultur­ that certainly worries us. ' the nuclear weapons now deployed on its al conglomerate Archer Daniels Midland territory. While the majority of deputies Inc. announced on April 19 that it had favors Ukraine eventually becoming a signed a contract to deliver $100 million by the international community, and he he thought about Major General non-nuclear country, a growing minority of soybean protein, soy-based milk pow­ proposed the creation of a Ukrainian Tolubko's position, he caused something feels the retention of these weapons is der and other food ingredients to "nuclear defense shield." The proposal of a sensation by answering that his the best deterrent against Russian Ukraine, reported Reuters. The contract, by the representative of the military- response to it was "positive" and that aggression. (RFE/RL Daily Report) signed with ATON, a leading private industrial complex was reportedly greet­ from his recent travels around Ukraine enterprise in the former republic that ed with applause.^^^ he knew there was public support for it. START I debate postponed operates in construction, agribusiness The debate resulted in the adoption on Mr. Pliushch said Ukraine should indeed and retail food sectors, calls for delivery April 9 of a parliamentary resolution on "strive toward" nuclear disarmament but • KYYIV — Parliament has post­ of products over the next 12 months. The "Additional Measures for Ensuring that this was a goal "for the future" and poned formal consideration of START I announcement was made by Ihor Ukraine's Acquisition of Non-Nuclear the future "will depend on many fac­ until the week of June 4, Agence France Markulov, chief advisor to Ukraine's Status." It was passed on the same day tors." In the meantime, Ukraine had to Presse reported on May 3. The postpone­ Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma, and the that NATO issued a statement warning work out an effective form of dual key ment was reportedly prompted by a company's president, Dwayne Andreas. of "serious allied concerns about the control over the nuclear weapons on its desire to wait and see whether a new Archer Daniels is a leading multi-nation­ continuing suspension of transfers of territory and be certain that the tactical constitution is adopted in Russia, since al buyer, processor and exporter of grain. nuclear weapons from Ukraine to nuclear missiles that it was transferring the nature of the document could affect to Russia were indeed being destroyed. Ukrainian security. Hearings by a special Russia."^^ Reaffirming Ukraine's inten­ Rukh says members are terrorized tion "to adhere in the future to non- People in the provinces, he said, had parliamentary group concerning the nuclear principles and Ukraine's right to asked him "Where are you taking the treaty, however, may continue in the • KYYIV — Rukh issued a statement weapons? Why are you rushing meantime. A May 3 ITAR-TASS report control the non-use of nuclear weapons (Continued on page 19) stationed on its territory," the document things?"'72 declared that the Parliament considered It should be noted that Ukraine was it "expedient not to transfer tactical not alone in having second thoughts nuclear missiles from the territory of about its non-nuclear status. On the same FOUNDED 1933 Ukraine until the mechanism for the day that the Ukrainian Parliament adopt­ international control of their destruction ed its resolution, Setkazy Matayev, a Ukrainian WeeLn has been worked out and implemented spokesman for the president of An English-language newspaper published by the Ukrainian National with Ukraine's participation." Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, Association Inc., a non-profit association, at 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, N.J. revealed that his country had transferred While recommending that the 07302. all the tactical nuclear weapons on its Ukrainian president begin negotiations Second-class postage paid at Jersey City, N.J. 07302. territory to Russia but had decided to with leaders of nuclear states on issues (ISSN — 0273-9348) retain the long-range missiles. concerning nuclear disarmament, the "Kazakhstan is a big country and it can't resolution also instructed the Cabinet of stand unarmed between China and Yearly subscription rate: $20; for UNA members — $10. Ministers to take immediate steps "to Russia," he explained, adding pointedly: Also published by the UNA: Svoboda, a Ukrainian-language daily newspaper. ensure operational technical control by "Why don't France and Great Britain Ukraine over the non-use of nuclear transfer their weapons to the United The Weekly and Svoboda: UNA: weapons stationed on its territory" and States?"73 (201) 434-0237, -0807,-3036 (201)451-2200 asked the Ukrainian Ministry of Defense to take measures to man the strategic (Continued on page 12) forces deployed on Ukrainian territory Postmaster, send address Editor-in-chief: Roma Hadzewycz with servicemen of the Ukrainian armed ^^ Pravda Ukrainy and Izvestiya, April changes to: Associate editor: Marta Kolomayets (Kyyiv) forces. 10, 1992. The Ukrainian Weekly Assistant editor: Khristina Lew Apart from these tougher new mea­ 70 Reuters, April 9, 1992. P.O. Box 346 Staff writers/editors: Roman Woronowycz 71 PravdaUkrainy, April 17, 1992. sures, there were also other important Jersey City, N.J. 07303 Andrij Wynnyckyj 72 Holos Ukrainy and Pravda Ukrainy, aspects to the resolution that seemed to April 21, 1992. assert the Parliament's right, if not inten­ 7-"^ Vincent J. Schodolski, "Kazakhstan The Ukrainian Weekly, May 9, 1993, No. 19, Vol. LX tion, to revise completely the country's Plans to Keep Strategic Nuclear Weapons," Copyright by The Ukrainian Weekly position on nuclear weapons. Point 5 of The Chicago Tribune, April 10, 1992. No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993

Foreign Ministry official explains VISA GUIDELINES FOR UKRAINE Ukraine's new visa regulations Ukraine's Embassy to the United States has provided the following guide­ lines for obtaining a visa to Ukraine. These temporary provisions went into by Marta Kolomayets will be decided on the basis of bilateral effect on April 11993. Kyyiv Press Bureau relations between Ukraine and various countries," said Mr. Kyryk. All visas are Ьеіщ issued оліу by consulat offices of Ukraine abroad. KYYIV — Ukraine will continue to These bilateral agreements will Transit and short-term (not exceeding 72 hours) visas may still be issued exclu­ issue visas by invitation only, in an include specifics to regulate travel sively in cases of emergency at selected border control posts. The issuance of effort to curb the tide of illegal refugees between the two countries in question. transit and short-term visas is based on the following conditions: a serious trying to use this state as a transit point Mr. Kyryk said that while Ukrainian citi­ health problem or a death of a relative, participation in disaster relief opera­ to Western Europe. zens receive visas free of charge, U.S. tions and other urgent needs, as well as the absence of consular offices of The new regulations, which went into citizens must pay for visas to Ukraine. Ukraine in the home country of applicants. Whenever it is not specified otherwise, entry visas do not establish emphy- effect on April 1, are a method of bat­ "We hope that once we get on our feet ment authorization in Ukraine, tling the increasing number of specula­ economically and have enough funds Visas are not required for citizens of countries that have mutual agreements tors/profiteers from entering the country, from the Cabinet of Ministers to run our with Ukraine regarding non-visa entty. as well as illegal aliens passing through consular divisions, we can reciprocate on their way to the West, explained and provide visas at a lesser charge, or TO OBTAIN A VISA Viktor Kyryk, first deputy chairman of even free of charge," Mr. Kyryk said. the Consular Division at the Ukrainian He assured travelers to Ukraine that Applicants for Ukrainian visas wt^^r, Foreign Ministry. the more than 30 embassies and consular • present a passport (valid through the entire period of stay) or other identifica­ "On the average, we turn back 30 to offices abroad make the visa process tion that duly substitutes the passport; 40 people daily who are trying to get to quick and efficient. He said those who • submit a completed and sign^ visa application form; the West with falsified documents," said cannot get an invitation from Ukraine • submit one passport-size photograph; Mr. Kyryk, adding that in some months can get this process handled by tour • submit an Invitation or tourist voucher; the total has exceeded 20,000 refugees. agencies in the West that specialize in • pay the fee in the exact amount If Ukrainian authorities do not detect Eastern Europe. Fees: Regular consular fee for visa processing is $30; these false documents and a transient is In cases of emergency or last-minute Fnotity processing (less than seven days) is $60; turned back at a point of entry, Ukraine business, Mr. Kyryk said Ukrainian Express processing (same-day, wbile-you-wait) is $100. has to take responsibility for him. This authorities will be able to issue 72-hour may run into thousands of dollars in visas at points of entry, such as Boryspil Method of payment: money order, corporate or cashier's checks^ or cash. No losses for Ukrainian airlines which trans­ Airport. These visas can be renewed at personal checks are accepted. port these refugees, Mr. Kyryk said. the Foreign Ministry for a longer period BUSINESS VISA According to the consular officer, of time. Mr. Kyryk is confident that this Application for this type of visa should be accompanied by a letter of invitation Ukraine has to be categorical about its year Ukraine will enjoy a booming from the interested organization, which is duly incorporated in Ukraine. regulations, despite the fact that the invi­ tourist business in the summer months. tation/visa procedure may make foreign­ Last year, more than 5 million people TOURIST VISA ers think twice about traveling to from outside the CIS visited Ukraine. The basis for obtaining this type of visa may be a voucher (hotel accommo­ Ukraine for pleasure. It may also hurt He said that citizens of Poland, dations) and a letter from a travel agency. Ukraine economically, as businessmen Hungary, Cuba, Bulgaria, Romania, PRIVATE VISITOR'S VISA will be wary of going through the extra Mongolia, China, Vietnam, Laos, the An official invitation from a private party made through local oi^ansof the trouble of receiving an invitation. "There Czech and Slovak republics, and the CIS Internal Affairs Ministry is required. are good foreigners and there are bad states are not required to travel with foreigners," said Mr. Kyryk, "and we visas because these countries had bidat- TRANSIT VISA must be cautious of the bad ones, who eral agreements with the Soviet Union, This type of visa is issued for the period of time required to travel across the come from all regions." and Ukraine, as a successor state to the territory of Ukraine and only if there is a visa, ticket, or other document to a "All of these invitation/visa problems USSR, adheres to those agreements. third country that will confirm the transitory nature of the travel. This type of visa 4oes not authorize applicant's stay in Ukraine. MULTIPLE ENTRY VISA U.S. shifting... Such visas are being issued by consular posts of Ukraine in foreign lands to Ouch! interested parties upon receiving endorsement from Kyyiv. This type of (Continued from page 1) In last week's issue of The Weekly, visa is valid/or six months. four paragraphs of Marta Kolomayets' and their development," said Mr. If necessary у any visitor may be asked to present round-trip tickets^ suffi­ story on reaction to the Russian referen­ Tarasiuk, who explained that during his cient funds for the entire period of stay, and lor an affidavit from the inviting dum were accidentally deleted.(The Washington meetings U.S. officials said person or organization concerned. computer ate them.) Below we publish they are now interested in a strategic the conclusion of the story. partnership with Ukraine. Entry to Ukraine may be denied to a foreign citizen under the following The U.S.'s hard line toward Ukraine, conditions: According to Mr. Taniuk, President which with its 176-nuclear-missile arse­ ^ for the purposes of national security, pubhc order, health care, protection of Yeltsin has real enemies and he is brave nal is the third largest nuclear power in rights and legal interests of Ukrainian citizens or other individuals; and willing to take on the struggle for the world, has also resulted in anti- • if the applicant submits false information in order to obtain entry to Ukraine, economic and democratic reforms. "In American sentiment among deputies in or does not present the required documents; Ukraine unfortunately, we not only have Parliament. • if the applicant's national passport, Ю, or visa are forfeited, destroyed, or do socialist forces brewing again, but a real "We don't understand the American not meet the standard requirements pertinent to that particular document; battle is waging among the democrats position — the pressure it is exerting on • if the border regulations of Ukraine are violated; customs rules, sanitary themselves," he said. us. We will ratify the START I treaty norms or regulations are not attended; if an appropriate request made by "It is important to remember that our sooner or later, but we don't want to be officers of the Border Guard of Ukraine, customs and other officials who presidential power, our executive branch treated as a nation that has foreign exercise control over the border of Ukraine is not met. is supported by the "old guard,' " said nuclear weapons on its territory," said Mr. Taniuk. "Yeltsin, after all, repre­ Vyacheslav Chornovil, the leader of Ail foreign citizens arriving in Ukraine should duly register their docu­ sents a government of reform, while Rukh and a deputy in Parliament. ments at the hotel, or at the heal organ of visa registration within their Khasbulatov is influenced by chauvinis­ "We are the first nuclear state that has area of residence and in a timely manner. tic forces, which would like to see the declared we want to get rid of all our return of one great undivided empire, a nuclear weapons. We should be treated Russia that would have a place for the with kid gloves," he said. likes of Mr. Rutskoi," concluded Mr. Mykhailo Horyn, the newly re-elected Popadiuk comments on Kuchma visit Taniuk. chairman of the Ukrainian Republican IntelNews "I want our great neighbor to live in Party, said he sees current U.S. policy as in The New York Times that President peace and harmony," said Volodymyr a continuation of U.S.-Soviet relations, KYYIV — U.S. Ambassador to Bill Clinton will not meet with Prime Durdynets, first deputy chairman of even though the USSR no longer exists. Ukraine Roman Popadiuk said he Minister Kuchma until Ukraine ratifies Ukraine's Supreme Council. "The situa­ "It irritates me: The Americans believes Ukrainian Prime Minister START I. tion in Russia will be greatly felt in haven't learned anything. After all those Leonid Kuchma will soon travel to Ambassador Popadiuk said Ukraine's Ukraine. "We cannot be apathetic to the years of spending taxpayers' dollars to America and will have meetings at the nuclear weapons are aimed "at Chicago, results of the referendum and the situa­ arm themselves against the expansionist highest level, reported Molod Ukrainy. New York and Washington. If you tion in our backyard," he noted. tendencies of Moscow, America wants In an interview at the National Press (Ukraine) want to have good relations But, it is not enough to sit back and once again to tie us to Moscow and have Club, sponsored by the information with America, why are those nuclear watch the Russians move ahead, accord­ us be one state, because it is easier to agency UNIAN and the Center for weapons aimed at us?" ing to these leaders. "Only active deal with one state than with 15. Creative Television, Ambassador The U.S. ambassador said Ukrainians reforms on the parts of President "And, so it seems to me that America Popadiuk said a Kuchma visit to the U.S. sometimes forget how important their Kravchuk and Yeltsin can save us today, does not understand that the guarantor of had been planned for this month, but Mr. country really is, and spend more time in Ukraine and Russia, Because there is stability in Europe can only be Ukraine, Kuchma had subsequentiy travelled to discussing Russia than themselves, only one enemy — yesterday," conclud­ because without Ukraine there can be no the Middle East instead. Mr. Popadiuk "When your leaders arrive in the United ed Mr. Taniuk. empire," he concluded. was answering a question about a report (Continued on page 18) THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

lawyers "nonsense" while "keeping back what stunned Ms. Stemler. "If you find Our Life marks U.S. fact-finding. the important stuff." In a controlled burst that Moscowitz lied, then you have to (Continued from page 1) of sarcasm, Mr. Tigar lamented the fact find all of the OSI lawyers lied," she that the OSI "had a distressing habit of replied, noting somewhat perfunctorily golden jubilee to the Demjanjuk case. And yet, since filing its documents in the alley dump- that all of the OSI attorneys were "con­ that time the Demjanjuk defense team ster." scientious and acting in good faith." Mr. NEW YORK — About 280 members uncovered a series of other documents. To this day, several key documents, Moscowitz, who prior to the hearing and guests of the Ukrainian National The first was a February 1980 internal including an index of Soviet witness stood joking with his lawyer and with Women's League of America gathered memo authored by George Parker, then statements, have not been located in John Horrigan, the only other former on April 4, at the Ukrainian National an OSI attorney, directed to Allan Ryan, actual Justice Department files. In hun­ prosecutor who was present for the hear­ Home here to celebrate the 50th anniver­ then deputy director of OSI, in which dreds of pages of legal briefs filed with ing, listened, displaying no emotion. sary of the organization's magazine, Mr. Parker raised ethical concerns over the court, Mr. Demjanjuk's attorneys The following concluding image was Nashe Zhyttia (Our Life). prosecuting Mr. Demjanjuk because have labeled this and other government painted by Mr. Tigar: Barbara Baczynsky, chair of the orga­ there was a possibility that another indi­ misconduct as a "constellation" of mis­ "I visited Dachau," he said "No one nizing committee, opened proceedings vidual, Ivan Marchenko, was the real representations and a "puфoseful, know­ can come away unaffected. I understand by announcing that $7,840 in donations "Ivan the Terrible." Curiously, the origi­ ing and reckless" failure to disclose evi­ the pain, the anguish, the anger. I also to the Our Life Press Fund had been nal of that document was not found in dence. went to Israel to visit Mr. Demjanjuk. made on the occasion of the banquet. the OSI files. Mr. Parker produced his He exists in a 7-by-12-foot cell with Ryan is implicated Ms. Baczynsky then passed the floor to copy after he was subpoenaed. bars. Next to him is another 7-by-12-foot the afternoon's M.C., Marta Danyluk, Another group of Soviet protocols (as Mr. Demjanjuk's lawyer then went area with a guard, who sleeps at night on also the UNWLA's financial secretary. official statements of witnesses are after Mr. Ryan, former OSI director. a cot. A light burns constantly, and an referred to) pointing to Ivan Marchenko Describing him as a person with a audio/video recorder runs always, as the real "Ivan," was recently produced "mania for detail," Mr. Tigar said it was recording everything, even meetings by John Horrigan, who in 1981 was the "incredible to believe that he just lay with counsel. Next is the yard — where assistant U.S. attorney in Cleveland back and did nothing," while his senior they will build the gallows. helping with the prosecution of Mr. legal staff decided how to present the "In passing through passport control, I Demjanjuk. He got those protocols in most important OSI case by themselves. was stopped by two Israeli officials who 1981 from Norman Moscowitz, senior Mr. Tigar also touched upon Mr. spread out all of my papers. I protested, OSI attorney on the Demjanjuk case. Mr. Ryan's trip to the USSR, during which telling them they're legal documents. Moscowitz is currently assistant U.S. he met with then Soviet Procurator 'We know — very interesting,' they attorney in Miami. General Roman Rudenko. Mr. Tigar replied, as they read the materials. When Mr. Tigar was particularly fiery in his pointed out that the record is devoid of they were done, one of them turned to condemnation of Mr. Moscowitz's any evidence tending to show that Mr. me and said: 'You're doing this to clear involvement in the alleged fraud. "Who Ryan told the Soviets, "give us every­ his name,' she said. appointed Norman Moscowitz thing you have — we don't care if we "I hope so, I replied." Demjanjuk's judge?" Mr. Tigar pointed­ win or lose, we want the truth." In fact, * * • ly asked the court, referring to Mr. Mr. Tigar argued, the evidence suggest­ Mr. Nishnic, the driving force behind Moscowitz's testimony in which he ed that Mr. Ryan only told the Soviets the indefatigable and impoverished claimed he did not produce certain docu­ "to give us the good stuff." That, Demjanjuk defense, appeared tense, but ments because he felt they were "not deemed Mr. Tigar, was "significant" in pleased as he left the courthouse, know­ exculpatory." Mr. Tigar also challenged showing a concerted effort to block evi­ ing that even a favorable finding by the Mr. Moscowitz's credibility, noting that dence, particularly in a case where Mr. special master could still leave many it was impossible for him not to have Demjanjuk had to rely on U.S. authori­ other legal issues unresolved. "We hope known Mr. Parker's ethical concerns ties to gain access to evidence sources in the government finally recognizes the about prosecuting Mr. Demjanjuk, con­ the Soviet bloc. evil of the OSI and doesn't conduct sidering that both prosecutors worked Mr. Tigar told the court the only rem­ another knee-jerk appeal," he said, refer­ side by side. edy in this case is vacatur — a complete ring to the OSI as "advocates of a cause As a further example of the alleged reversal of all prior decisions in the case and not seekers of justice." prosecutorial treachery, Mr. Tigar point­ — from denaturalization through extra­ John Demjanjuk Jr. added: "Our fami­ UNWLA President Maria Savchak ed out to Judge Wiseman that during the dition. He said there is a "straight line" ly's fight for his life is our father's main toasts Our Life magazine on its 50th 1981 Demjanjuk trial before Judge from denaturalization to extradition in hope." anniversary. Battisti in Cleveland, Mr. Moscowitz this case. Relying on materials obtained Judge Wiseman has given no indica­ kept dismissing the testimony of Mr. from the OSI, Mr. Tigar said that in tion when a ruling will be issued. Ms. Danyluk introduced some of the Fedorenko, an admitted Treblinka guard, 1983, the current head of OSI, Neal Legal observers suggest an opinion speakers at the banquet, including as "not significant" and "not worthy of Sher, described the Demjanjuk case as may be announced relatively soon. The UNWLA (national) president, Maria belief," arguing that he was merely one the one prosecutors were looking for special master's findings will then be Savchak; past presidents Iwanna Nazi guard covering up for another. Yet, because it was based on evidence essen­ turned over to the Court of Appeals in Rozankowsky and Lydia Burachynsky; in making those arguments, Mr. tially sourced outside the Soviet Union, Cincinnati, which asked for this judicial and some of the guests, including hon­ Moscowitz allegedly kept hidden earlier it would be backed by a decision of a investigation last summer. orary member Aleksandra Riznyk, the statements of Mr. Fedorenko, given to U.S. court, and it would be based on If there is a finding of fraud that is first head of the Ukrainian Museum (also Soviet authorities in 1973, where he also truly heinous crimes. That is why the accepted by the Cincinnati court, then affiliated with the UNWLA); Lubov failed to identify Mr. Demjanjuk. Both Demjanjuk case narrowly focused on the the Court of Appeals will have to take Drazhevska, and Lydia Krushelnytsky. dates were before the OSI began its activities of one "Ivan the Terrible." the next step, which is to require the sec­ prosecution of Mr. Demjanjuk, thereby Ms. Savchak congratulated and com­ retary of state to ask Israel for Mr. eliminating any possible motive on the Government credibility at issue Demjanjuk's return. mended all of the magazine's editors for part of Mr. Fedorenko to aid his alleged The government's argument was pre­ their work and readers for support over collaborator. the years. She also praised the regional sented by Patti Stemler, chief of the I A stark contrast \ Mr. Tigar called Mr. Moscowitz an council executive of the UNWLA for Appellate Section, Criminal Division of attorney who "believed in a cause," but The proceedings in Nashville on April having initiated the observance of the the Justice Department in Washington. "did not play by the rules." "True 30 were in marked contrast to John jubilee. Ms. Stemler argued that there was no believers are the most dangerous abusers Demjanjuk's 1981 denaturalization trial "clear and convincing" evidence of any of process," Mr. Tigar said. He then in Cleveland. Ms. Burachynska spoke briefly about deliberate misconduct or fraudulent urged the court not to look at the facts in Gone are the hordes of reporters. her 22-year tenure as editor-in-chief of intent. She strongly argued that much of "splendid isolation," but to examine the Gone are the demonstrators shouting that the magazine, (1951-1972). the evidence that was supplied, including cumulative effect of all of the different he be stripped of his citizenship. Gone During the dinner, Ms. Danyluk grate­ witnesses who did not identify Mr. elements of the alleged prosecutorial are the hysterical TV shows venomously fully acknowledged the presence of rep­ Demjanjuk as "Ivan the Terrible," were misconduct. accusing him of being "Ivan the resentatives of various community orga­ never questioned by John Martin, Mr. Terrible." nizations in attendance, and the doyen of (Fraud is about motive. Rarely, if Demjanjuk's first lawyer. His wife. Vera Demjanjuk, could not Ukrainian journalists, Ivan Kedryn, who ever, is there graphic evidence of a con­ spiracy hatched in a dimly lit back room. Then, in a case that Judge Wiseman afford to travel to the Nashville court­ (Continued on page 20) Most often it is proved by circumstantial himself stated hinged on the credibility house. She is penniless, and physically evidence. Citing an opinion written by of the witnesses, Ms. Stemler stated that and mentally exhausted. She has not Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes, the the government did not challenge the been with her husband in seven years. respected U.S. Supreme Court Justice authenticity of the 1980 Parker memo. She has left the legal sparring to her Addendum appointed to the high court in 1902 by This, effectively, appeared to be an loving and dedicated son-in law, Ed In last week's coverage of Dr. Ihor Theodore Roosevelt, Tigar evoked admission that the memo was true and Nishnic, who has tirelessly worked on Yukhnovsky's talk at the Coordinating another image: "Even a dog knows that Mr. Parker did, in fact, raise ethical behalf of his father-in-law's defense. Council for Aid to Ukraine banquet, we whether she's been kicked or stepped on. questions within the OSI about prosecut­ He is ably assisted by Mr. should have included that John Oleksyn, If she yelps every night for a month, she ing Mr. Demjanjuk as "Ivan the Demjanjuk's youngest child, his only vice-president of the Ukrainian knows something is wrong." So too in Terrible." son, John Jr., who was a young teenager American Coordinating Council, also this case.) Judge Wiseman seized the moment: when the U.S. marshall, in the presence delivered greetings to the convocation Mr. Tigar called the government's "How do you rationalize the differences of a swarm of newspeople, shattered the and to the former First Deputy Prime discovery responses "disclosures calcu­ in testimony between Parker and lives of his family by serving legal Minister of Ukraine on behalf of the lated to mislead — not to inform." The Moscowitz — without concluding that papers at their home in 1977. UACC. government gave Mr, Demjanjuk's one of thern is lying?" he asked a some­ — Andrew Fylypovych No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993

TTEE MEETING Swoboda fetes the Garden State Ukrainian Festival Woonsocket U.S.A. and Soyuzivka for UNA Day on the weekend of June 19-20. WOONSOCKET, R.I. — The UNA Messrs. Hardink and Sarachmon also District Committee of Woonsocketl held reported that the Ukrainian Heritage its annual meeting on Saturday, April 24, Subcommittee of the Rhode Island at 1p.m. at St. Michael's Ukrainian Heritage Commission (whose members Orthodox Church Hall. The meeting was include several UNA district activists) attended by UNA Supreme Ad,Visor recently held a benefit dinner-dance Alex Chudolij, who addressed the mem­ whose proceeds of $2,000 were donated bership and reviewed UNA orgai)izing to the Children of Chornobyl Relief and fraternal achievements for 1992, as Fund. well as a number of other topics. The Rev. William Wojciechowski led Following the reports of the officers, the membership with an opening prayer, Branch 177 Secretary John Laba made a after which Leon Hardink, the djstrict motion to re-elect the same slate of offi­ chairman, officially called the meeting to cers for another term in office in light of order. Minutes of the preceding rneeting their good work in 1992. The motion were read by English-language secretary was unanimously approved by the mem­ Teodor Klowan and Ukrainian secretary bership. Helen Trenkler, after which the treasur­ Elected were: Mr. Hardink, chairman; er, Janet Bardell, reviewed the district's Mr. Chudolij, vice-chairman; Ms. financial status. Trenkler, Ukrainian-language secretary; Mr. Klowan^ English-language secre­ Dmytro Sarachmon, the district frater­ tary; Ms. Bardell, treasurer; and Mr. nal activities coordinator, presented Svoboda editor emeritus Ivan Kedryn-Rudnytsky celebrated his 97th birth­ plans for this year's annual bus trip to (Continued on page 18) day on April 22. On that day, his colleagues at Svoboda honored him with a birthday party. Also present were editors of The Ukrainian Weekly. In the photo above, Mr. Kedryn (seated) is surrounded by Svoboda editorial staff members (from left) Editor-in-chief Zenon Snylyk, Petro Chasto, Lubov Voung UNR'ers Kolensky, OIha Kuzmowycz, Raisa Rudenko and Chrystyna Ferencevych.

Treasury Department reports on fraternals WASHINGTON — The U.S. negative for FBS fraternal and charitable Department of the Treasury recently activities. The report stated this suggests released its official report to Congress on FBS insurance income subsidizes frater­ fraternal benefit societies (FBS). The nal and charitable expenditures. report is the result of a six-year study of The report to Congress noted an the operation of FBS from 1930 to 1989. increase in fraternal events, acts of fra­ The Tax Reform Act of 1986 required ternal service, and hours of fraternal ser­ the Treasury Department to conduct this vice between 1985 and 1989. In 1989, study and report to the Congress. 46.7 million hours of volunteer work There are over 100 FBS in the U.S. were provided by all FBS in the U.S. Examples are the Mennonite Mutual Aid The Treasury Department report pre­ Association, Knights of Columbus, sented two options for Congress to con­ Lutheran Brotherhood, Modern sider relating to the tax treatment of Woodmen of America, Polish National FBS: Alliance and the Ukrainian National • The first option would be change in Association. Collectively, these societies the tax-exempt status of FBS. The have 10 miUion individual members. Treasury Department noted that FBS The Treasury Department concluded perform valuable social and charitable that FBS charge prices similar to those functions. These charitable services ben­ charged by large mutual life insurance efit society as a whole. Fewer of these Nicholas Raymond Cagginelli, son of charitable goods and services are likely Nicholas Stephen Harrison, son of companies and that FBS do not use their Raymond and Sharon Cagginelli, is a to be provided unless current tax treat­ Melanie Kupchynsky-Harrison and tax-exempt status to compete unfairly new member of UNA Branch 13 in ment continues. The department com­ Edward Harrison of Oak Park, 111. is with taxable insurance companies. Watervliet, N.Y. He was enrolled by mented that economic distortions caused a new member of UNA Branch 372, The department's report also conclud­ his grandparents Petro and Anna by the tax-exempt treatment of FBS are the Ivan Franko Society. He was ed that FBS operate under tax exemption Kobasa. relatively minor in comparison to'other as efficiently as mutual life insurers. The enrolled by his grandfather Jerry policy priorities. The net gains to society department noted that FBS must have a Kupchynsky of East Brunswick,N.J. from taxing FBS insurance income may fraternal and beneficial character which Stephen's parents are both musicians; be small, according to the Treasury distinguishes them from mutual insur­ his mother is a violinist with the Department's report. Chicago Symphony. ance companies and acknowledged the • Under a second option for Congress benefits to society from FBS charitable to consider, any FBS that continues services. insurance activities could be taxed like a The Department of the Treasury mutual life insurer. If a FBS has only found that net receipts have been posi­ tive for FBS insurance activities and (Continued on page 16) Organizing report for February During the month of February, UNA organizers enrolled 128 new member- The top organizer of the month, once again, was Miron Pilipiak of Branch 49 . in Seattle, who signed up 15 members. In second place was Michael Turkc }i' Branch 63, who enrolled 14 members; while Supreme Auditor WilL- Pastuszek organized seven new members into Branch 231. They were followed by: one organizer with four members; six organizers with three members each; 13 organizers with two members each; and е/-ьг organizers with one member each. Msirlssa Taylor Fasick, daeghter of The Pittsburgh and Youngstown districts were first among districts in the Edward Fasick of Brkktowe^ NsJ,, United States in terms of working toward their respective annual orga- :mg and the late Mary Jane Pasick, Is the quotas, attaining 18 percent and 17 percent, respectively. youngest new member of UNA Branch Nicole Andreas, 8, is the daughter of The Supreme Executive Committee hereby expresses its thanks and congrat­ 133 in Newark, N.J. She was enrolled Layton and Judy Andreas of ulations to all organizers who have ensured the growth of the Ukrainian by her aunt aud godmother, iNanry. : Allenti>wn, Pai She is a newly, enrolled • National'Association. ' , / . BohdaUoO'.- -r -'.'./:< •.• •:• Л-; : , щ'етЬеп of UN A Branch-147,^ /. •. -.,. ^ THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

иІ(гаіпіапУееУу Letter from Washington by Eugene M. Iwanciw Demjanjuk case cont'd Director, UNA Washington Office The fact-finding hearing into the handUng of the John Demjanjuk case by the Office of Special Investigations, the Nazi-hunting unit of the U.S. Justice United States frustrates Ukraine's hopes Department, was concluded in Nashville, Tenn., on Friday, April 30, before the special master appointed by the 6th Circuit Court of Appeals. A ruling is Since the declaration of its indepen­ That importance did not, however, trans­ expected to be issued by Judge Thomas Wiseman within 60 days, and this will dence, Ukraine has pursued a policy of late into economic assistance. In March then be turned over to the Court of Appeals for further action. The best-case cooperation with and accommodation to of 1992, President Bush announced a scenario is for the court to order a vacatur, or a complete reversal of all prior the United States in hopes of U.S. secu­ $24 billion international aid package, not decisions, in this strange case that was begun way back in 1977 when the rity guarantees and economic assistance. to the countries of the former USSR, but U.S. marshal served legal papers to Mr. Demjanjuk. Those hopes, unfortunately, have thus to Russia. One year later. President Bill The ruling will no doubt have an effect on Mr. Demjanjuk's still pending far been frustrated. Clinton announced a $30 billion interna­ final appeal of his 1988 death sentence for the crimes committed by "Ivan the After 20 months of attempting to tional aid package, again, only for Terrible" of Treblinka. Israel's Supreme Court had heard final arguments on build a close relationship with the U.S., Russia. June 11, 1992. But, just days before that, on June 5 to be exact, the U.S. it should be clear that Ukraine (1) is not In 1992, President Bush proposed and Circuit Court had ordered the reopening of the original extradition case now viewed as vitally important to U.S. the Congress enacted an aid package to against Mr. Demjanjuk on the grounds that the extradition warrant "may have national security, (2) must provide for its the nations of the former USSR. While been improvidently issued because it was based on erroneous information." own national security, (3) must develop the short title of the legislation was the On August 17— despite the Bush administration's blatant attempt to stop a strong and vibrant economy on its "Freedom Support Act," the full title of the federal appeals court from getting involved in the continuing dispute over own, and (4) should generate a strategy the legislation was the "Freedom for the Demjanjuk case — that court ordered further inquiry into the matter, act­ to persuade the U.S. that Ukraine is, in Russia and Emerging Eurasian ing on its power to grant relief for "after-discovered fraud." At the core of the fact, vital to U.S. economic and security Democracies and Open Markets Act." It investigation is the issue of whether the Office of Special Investigations had interests. was continually referred to as the engaged in prosecutorial misconduct, including concealing exculpatory evi­ Ukraine and the other non-Russian "Russian aid package." All efforts to dence from the Demjanjuk defense, in order to win a high-profile case. nations of the former Soviet Union, as change this name were opposed by the As readers of The Weekly who have been following this case from the start well as the nadons of Eastern Europe, Bush administration. During the past two know, Mr. Demjanjuk has maintained all along that he is a victim of mistaken are only of secondary importance in cur­ years, the U.S. has provided Russia with identity. But, he was one insignificant man fighting the powers that be, first rent U.S. policy formulation. $1.448 billion, while providing Ukraine in the United States, then in Israel, with the collusion of Soviet authorities. For Complaining that the U.S. is ignoring with only $137.2 million in aid. many years, his batde against these forces seemed hopeless. In 1988 he was the nations of Central and Eastern Although Ukraine is one-third the size of found guilty and sentenced to death by an Israeli District Court which ruled, Europe, the Hungarian Foreign Minister Russia, it has received only 9.5 percent despite many lingering doubts, that he was in fact "Ivan" of Treblinka. Soon Geza Jeszenszky, during a recent visit to of the aid sent to Russia. thereafter, new evidence was found in Soviet files — previously inaccessible Washington, stated, "there is no doubt For over a year, senior Russian offi­ to the defense — pointing to another man, Ivan Marchenko, as the real "Ivan." about how important Russia is, but you cials, including Vice-President Next, it became clear that officials at the OSI actually knew of this and other can't leapfrog over Eastern Europe." Aleksandr Rutskoi, presidential advisor exonerating evidence, but had concealed it. Some of that crucial evidence, it After acknowledging the reality of the Sergei Stankevich, and Chairman of the will be recalled, was found in documents in a dumpster near the Justice first proposition, and only as the second Russian Parliament Ruslan Khasbulatov, Department's offices. and third propositions are realized will have been threatening both the territorial In 1990, the Ukrainian American Bar Association, having reviewed the the United States recognize and treat integrity and the very existence of Demjanjuk case documents, concluded that John Demjanjuk is an innocent Ukraine as a truly independent nation Ukraine. The United States has yet to victim of fraud perpetrated by overzealous U.S. prosecutors. According to the and not as an adjunct of Russia. publicly criticize these Russian officials. UABA, it appeared Israel was actually duped by the U.S. Justice Department. The facts however are that the United If the U.S. will not criticize Russia for its The study also noted that the Justice Department had interfered with witnesses States has a long history of considering threats against Ukraine, is it realistic to in the case by denying visa applications needed for Polish witnesses to come Ukraine of little or no importance. While expect the U.S. to defend Ukraine to the U.S. to testify for the defense and by leading another witness, a German the United States entered Worid War I to against the use of force or the threat of officer, to lie about the identification of Mr. Demjanjuk. Israeli officials, "make the world safe for democracy," force by any state? meanwhile, had violated photo identification procedures, the UABA found. At the concept of self-determination At the same time that two U.S. admin­ the time it was hoped this report would lead to an investigation into the stopped at the borders of Ukraine. istrations have refrained from criticizing alleged misconduct of the OSI via congressional oversight hearings. Americans at Versailles told the Russia, no such restraint has been exert­ That investigation never took place. It took a courageous move by the 6th Ukrainian delegation that "smart politics ed in their criticism of Ukraine, especial­ Circuit Court of Appeals to reopen the case in the name of justice, leading to requires you to come to terms with ly for its prudent review of the terms of an examination of alleged misconduct where, it now appears, it all began, i.e. Russia." the START treaty. After the March at the Office of Special Investigations. Incredibly, in an effort to save its case In 1933, at the height of the famine in meeting between Foreign Minister against John Demjanjuk, the Justice Department has now put forth a theory of Ukraine — an effort to eradicate the Anatoliy Zlenko and President Clinton, two "Terrible Ivans" at Treblinka — one Mr. Demjanjuk, the other very existence of Ukrainians — the president stated that signing the Marchenko. This disingenuous inteфretation is reminiscent of arguments by President Franklin D. Roosevelt chose to START agreement is a "precondition to Israeli prosecutors that Mr. Demjanjuk served at Treblinka, and Sobibor, and formally recognize the USSR. When on a long-term successful relationship" with Flossenburg, shuttling back and forth between the camps. May 28, 1934, Rep. Hamilton Fish intro­ Ukraine. Last month the Clinton admin­ John Demjanjuk Jr. recently wrote in a letter to The Washington Post: "It is duced legislation, H.R. 399, appealing istration refused a request to meet with now evident that this case was not one of mistaken identity, but of the mali­ for the admission of food aid to Ukraine, Prime Minister Leonid Kuchma, stating cious prosecution of an innocent man," If justice is to be served, not only must the U.S. Department of State told that ratification of the two arms control Demjanjuk case decisions in the U.S. be reversed, but U.S. government offi­ Congress that no famine existed in treafies was a prerequisite to any such cials responsible for prosecuting the case must be held accountable for what Ukraine. meeting. It seems the U.S. has forgotten now appears to have been a travesty of justice. At the end of World War II, the that relations between nations should be United States again gave legitimacy to based on a wide-range of issues, not just Moscow's control of Ukraine and, with one; on mutual interests, not one-sided its Allies, sent thousands of Ukrainian views; and on discussion and compro­ refugees stranded in Western Europe to mise, not threats. the Soviet Union and certain death. It would be unfair to suggest that the On August 1, 1991, in a speech to the U.S. is pursuing an anti-Ukrainian poli­ Turning the pages back.. Supreme Council and the Ukrainian peo­ cy; it is not! The U.S. is pursuing a ple. President George Biish referred to Russia-centered policy which entails independence efforts as "suicidal nation­ turning a blind eye to the excesses of Vasyl Stefanyk, a Ukrainian master of the expressionistic alism." Five weeks before the December Moscow. Examples of this policy are: short story, was born in Rusiv, near Sniatyn in Galicia, on May 1991 referendum on independence, a • The United States did not challenge 14, 1871. He began his studies in Kolomyia, but was expelled Bush administration spokesman stated: Russia's claim to the right of interfer­ for political activism. He was accepted into the school of medicine of Krakow "We have no intention of recognizing ence in the internal affairs of other states University in 1892, but dropped out without gaining full qualifications in 1900. them (Ukraine). We just won't do it." It to protect Russian minorities, — an took the loss by the president's party of a excuse for renewed imperialism. From 1908 to 1917, he was a member of the Austrian Parliament, elected as a rep­ U.S. Senate race in Pennsylvania, a • Despite the fact that the United resentative of the Ukrainian Radical Party in Galicia. During the Ukrainian revolu­ heavily East European ethnic state, to Nations and numerous European nations tion, he became vice-president of the Ukrainian National Rada, and in 1919, he trav­ change the administration's mind. Yet, have publicly stated there is no evidence eled to Kyyiv for the official unification ceremonies of the Western and Eastern even in his Christmas Day recognition of of persecution of Russian minorities in Ukrainian republics. the independence of 12 new states. Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, the Stefanyk's works first appeared in print in 1897, and his published literary canon President Bush focused almost solely on United States continues to support consists of 59 very brief novellas, which capture a crucial moment in the lives of his Russia. Russia's claims of persecution. protagonists. His heroes, primarily peasants, face crushing poverty, an implacable It was clear throughout 1992 that • While the United States requires a nature and the horrors of war. Stefanyk opens a window into their feelings and ele­ Ukraine was viewed as important for the knowledge of English as a prerequisite vates them to a universal anguish. United States only to the extent that (Continued on page 15) there were nuclear weapons on its soil. (Continued on page 18) No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993

NEWS AND VIEWS Faces and Places

Shifting public opinion in Ukraine by Myron B. Kuropas affects its status as nuclear power by Taras Kuzio pounded by Ukraine's continuing alter­ ation of its definition of security guaran­ Burma Capelin has died Within little over a year, the majority tees, which have evolved from covering Ukrainianism as conceived by parties of of public opinion has dramatically shift­ In Detroit recently, I learned from only nuclear blackmail, to a convention­ the older generation." ed from being anti-nuclear to pro- Stephen Wichar that an old friend and al attack and economic blockade. One of the most successful second- nuclear in Ukraine. Yet, this is in the . idol of mine, Burma Capelin, had died. Ukraine has also demanded sums of $1 generation Ukrainians of his era, republic that suffered the world's worst Burma Capelin penned "Potpourri," a billion to $2 billion to dismantle nuclear "Burma" received his Ph.D. from Yale nuclear accident at Chornobyl in April regularly featured Ukrainian Weekly missiles on its soil, while the U.S. has University in 1942 after completing a 1986 which spurred one of the largest column during the 1930s. That wasn't offered only $175 million. dissertation titled "Nationalism, Green movements in the former USSR his real name, of course. It was a nom de Religion, and the Problem of and played such a crucial role in the Meanwhile, the changing public mood plume which the columnist adopted to Assimilation among Ukrainians in the drive for reform and democratization in at home has made President Kravchuk's protect his identity from captious critics. United States." A professor of sociology Ukraine. job of persuading the Ukrainian I discovered Burma Capelin during at Wayne State University for many By early 1993, only the republic's Parliament to ratify START I and to join the 1970s when I was writing my book years, he was one of the founders of the Greens remain committed to Ukraine's the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT) dif­ on the Ukrainian American conmiunity. Detroit Graduates Club, the oldest previously declared aims of aspiring to ficult without obtaining security guaran­ By that time, no one at The Ukrainian Ukrainian professional and business become a nuclear-free zone. In addition, tees. Thus far, the U.S. and the United Weekly, at Svoboda, or anywhere else society in the United States. the Greens are increasingly fighting a Kingdom have offered only security for that matter, remembered who he real­ Svoboda editor Luke Myshuha losing battle against Ukraine's new assurances, repeating pledges previously ly was. became aware of the young "Burma's" reliance upon nuclear power for energy made to states who have joined the NPT I rediscovered Burma Capelin while talents early on and asked him to write purposes in the face of shaфly reduced regime. writing the history of the Ukrainian an analytical article for the monumental oil and gas supplies from Russia, which In mid-February, the Ukrainian National Association. Who was this per­ Jubilee Book commemorating the 40th this year will only amount to a third of Parliament finally began discussions of son, I wondered as I read his insightful anniversary of the Ukrainian National Ukraine's needs. the START treaty, although, in the columns over and over. Obviously, this was someone who knew about accultura­ Association. Using his real name as a The change in public opinion and that words of Deputy Minister of Defense tion, assimilation, group behavior and byline, "Burma" penned "Ukrainian of the Ukrainian political elite has come Ivan Bizhan, "In today's economic situa­ organizational development. He knew Culture Change" in which he reflected about as a consequence of the gradual tion, Ukraine cannot consider the Ukrainian immigration history, and he on various aspects of Ukrainian organi­ disillusionment with the West, in partic­ destruction of nuclear weapons its priori­ had his finger on the pulse of the com­ zational life, Ukrainian youth, and ular with the United States. All former ty task." Contrary to Western hopes for a munity. Finally, it hit me. Of course. attempts by Ukrainians to acquaint Soviet republics, including Ukraine, had speedy implementation of START I, Only one person fit the bill during the Americans with Ukraine. ridiculously high expectations of aid Dmytro Pavlychko, the moderate chair­ 1930s. Since the man I was thinking "...the actual puфose of every organi­ from the West in the aftermath of the man of the parliamentary Committee on about was still alive, I called and con­ zation — and their numbers as well as establishment of their independent Foreign Affairs, said he believes fronted him. I heard silence for a few types are multiple — is to enroll as large states. But instead of being greeted for Parliament is split 50:50 as to its ratifica­ seconds and then a deep, cheery chuckle a number of Ukrainians within its fold as having, in effect, destroyed the Soviet tion. came over the other end of the line. "I possible. These attempts go on largely empire, the Ukrainian leadership was The longer this process is dragged wondered if you would ever figure it through the medium of acrimonious met by an indifferent and, at times, even out, the less likely Ukraine will ratify out," he told me. debate, silent war, and recriminations in hostile United States. Despite promises START I and, even if it does, it will personal terms. The avowed риф08е in of Western aid, Ukraine has only most certainly be with provisos demand­ "You old son of a gun," I told him. attempting to secure a monopoly of received medicines and grain from the ing various Western guarantees for "Why didn't you tell me?" membership is that only those United States. Ukrainian independence and territorial "You never asked," he replied laugh­ Ukrainians represented by the particular Instead of a "carrot and stick" integrity. The paradox of a failure to rati­ ing. We spoke for a while and then I organization in question are 'good approach to US-Ukrainian relations over fy START I would be that START II, asked about the name. "Why Burma Ukrainians' — it is for their benefit that nuclear weapons, the "carrot" remained which calls for deep reductions in Capelin?" we want them.' The consequences of elusive while the "stick" seemed all per­ Russian forces, might not go forward. "Burma," he explained, was a combi­ nation of letters from his wife's maiden this activity are several," he concluded, vasive. While former President George Defense Minister Konstantyn name and his surname. "And *capelin' is "Ukrainian energies are dissipated; the Bush pursued an all-embracing foreign Morozov, a moderate who is personally a little fish that bites." A few months genuine and vital problems and difficul­ policy towards Russia, Ukraine was committed to nuclear disarmament, is after our conversation, Burma Capelin ties which exist in relation to their largely forgotten, and U.S.-Ukrainian already under threat from a petition died unexpectedly. American life are neglected in the pur­ relations remained mainly confined to demanding his resignation signed by half He was quite a writer, this Burma suit of alleged organization 'ideals'...," the issue of nuclear weapons. In the of the parliamentary deputies. His likely Capelin. Concerned with the growing and "Ukrainians become largely impo­ words of Ihor Yukhnovsky, then first replacement, Gen.-Maj. Volodymyr lack of involvement of the younger gen­ tent in influencing the trend of American deputy prime minister, all Ukraine Tolubko, the former commander of eration in mainline Ukrainian organiza­ affairs; their 'politics' are... inter-organi­ received for transferring its tactical strategic rocket forces in Ukraine and a tional life, he devoted his September 12, zational politics." nuclear weapons to Russia last year "was member of Parliament, is in favor of 1936, Weekly column to the issue. Ukrainian youth, he wrote "is given a pat on the back." Ukraine remaining a nuclear power with "The immigrant organizations cannot serious admonition on its 'obligations' to the 46 SS-24 missiles constructed and Calls for diplomatic and economic reconcile themselves to the fact that the Ukrainianism; and through bitter tongue based in the republic. isolation if Ukraine should fail to deliver organizations, including the Church, or otherwise, the attempt is made to mar- on its commitment to become nuclear- If this rapidly changing public mood which have served the immigrant tolera­ shall it into activities of these organiza­ free were therefore regarded as empty and dissillusionment with Western poli­ bly well, are as ill-adjusted ('out of tion." The result is that "the American- threats in Kyyiv because of the per­ cy within Ukraine is not quickly recog­ date') to the second generation as the bom generation instead of coming to a ceived quarantine that Ukraine had, in nized, Europe may have to deal with yet horse and buggy is in our motorized closer rapprochement with the older... is effect, already been placed into by the another nuclear state. The new Clinton urban life," he wrote. "The second gen­ further estranged from it." former Bush administration. The domi­ administration in the U.S. should try not eration simply cannot fit into the scheme As for having more influence among nation of nuclear weapons within U.S.­ to repeat the mistakes made by his pre­ of thinking, the way of behavior, and the Americans, "Burma" argued that Ukrainian relations also served to decessor. It should ensure that U.S.­ organization of the first generation. By Ukrainians believed the best way to strengthen the argument of those in Ukrainian relations are elevated beyond virtue of having been bom in America, "acquaint" Americans with Ukraine was Kyyiv who argued that after Ukraine de­ the nuclear question, and Ukrainian inse­ its fates and fortunes lie within to invite them to mass cultural manifes­ nuclearized Ukraine would be complete­ curity is somehow taken into considera­ American conditions... Ukrainian youth tations. "What is entirely overlooked," ly ignored. tion. Finally, it would surely be in organizations, if they are to achieve any­ he wrote, "is the importance of primary Although President Leonid Kravchuk Western interests for the new U.S. thing more viable than speech-making or contacts, those contacts which arise out first raised demands for security guaran­ administration to ensure that the "stick" paper publicity, must recognize that it is of individual personal relationships, tees nearly a year ago, his calls fell on used to prod Ukrainian compliance of its American and non-Ukrainian conditions rather than mass 'shows,' which eventu­ deaf ears, and discussions on this subject previously declared commitment to to which primarily the second generation ate in a knowledge and an appreciation began only two months ago. Coupled become nuclear-free is balanced by a must adjust." of the Ukrainian by Americans, and with this has been the apparent Western "carrot." Otherwise, the debate in That was pfetty controversial stuff 60 vice-versa, and which therefore reduce reluctance to fully appreciate Ukrainian Ukraine on de-nuclearization will be years ago, when every Ukrainian organi­ or eradicate whatever antipathy based on security concerns vis-a-vis Russia. untenable. zation around was bent on "saving our strangeness there may exist between the From the Western perspective, good Ukrainian youth" through intensive two." relations on this issue have been frustrat­ Taras Kuzio is a research associate "Ukrainianization." There was only one Burma Capelin, ed by sometimes conflicting and with the International Institute for Work in Ukrainian youth organiza­ and his real name was Dr, Stephen ambiguous statements by Ukrainian Strategic Studies based in London. The tions, he continued on October 3, is Mamchur. A professional pillar of the leaders about their intent to de­ opinions included in this article, which based on "gross unreality, the reference Detroit Ukrainian American community nuclearize, or to carry through with was originally published in German in being to making the second generation for decades, he will be greatly missed for pledges that the West considers to be Die Zeit, a Hamburg newspaper, do not hostage, if you will, to either the 'cause his intellect, his involvement and his legally binding. This has been com­ reflect IISS analyses or opinions. abroad' or to a special brand of jovial disposition. THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

in attempting to rewrite history in this future, a reversal of Parks Canada's "Persons of German or Austro- Report details... way." (John F. Kennedy, on whether a refusal to erect historical markers about Hungarian nationality who quietly pur­ (Continued from page 1) president could atone for slavery in the the internment and a community devel­ sue their usual avocations... should be United States, replied that a political opment fund. allowed to continue., without interrup­ suggests that Ukrainian Canadian leader could only be just in his time.) Dr. Lubomyr Luciuk, research direc­ tion." demands for redress are "eminently rea­ tor for the association, argues that his On October 28, 1914, a further order- sonable." Yet, on April 13, Globe and However, while the UCC's redress group, formed from the UCC's recently in-council required the registration of Mail columnist Jeffrey Simpson, wrote: committee is using the Price Weterhouse disbanded Civil Liberties Committee, is "alien enemies" as a means of "supervi­ "...being just in our time does not mean report in its negotiations with the federal the one Mr. Mulroney's government sion and control" to "prevent espionage" scrounging through the past to make government, the Ukrainian Canadian should be dealing with. or "effective military assistance to the ancestors retrospectively just in theirs." Civil Liberties Association (UCCLA)'s "No one (from the UCC), not even enemy." (Many of the males, age 17 to That echoes former Liberal Prime redress council continues its own cam­ Mr. Bardyn, had been involved with this 45, were likely reservists in the Austrian Minister Pierre Trudeau who told the paign based on four points. They include issue 18 months ago," he explained, or Austro-Hungarian armies.) If these House of Commons on April 4, 1984, a public acknowledgment (not apology), adding that he has been personally so-called alien enemies, including concerning the Japanese Canadian changes to Canada's 1988 Emergencies involved in researching the event since Czechs, Poles and Ukrainians, failed to redress package, that he did not "believe Act to prevent similar occurrences in the 1986. Dr. Luciuk said the association's register, they faced the penalty of intern­ honorary members, which include for­ ment as prisoners of war. mer Ukrainian Catholic Archbishop- Yet, under the Hague Convention, Metropolitan Maxim Hermaniuk of prisoners of war were required to be Internment survivor hopes Winnipeg and Grand Chief Ovide treated humanely and confined only as Mercredi of the aboriginal Assembly of "an indispensable measure of safety." for rectification of injustice First Nations, adds greater clout to their The following year, on June 26, the efforts. Canadian government authorized the "People know who Ovide Mercredi arrest and detention of alien enemies if is," he said, "but they don't know who their freedom was believed not to be in the hell (UCC President) Oleh Romaniw the public interest. is." Price Waterhouse counts 8,579 men, But although Mr. Bardyn acknowl­ 81 women and 156 children interned in edges Dr. Luciuk's previous work in the camps, with another 80,000 people of area, he feels the UCCLA's involvement "Austrian" descent registered as enemy is hindering final negotiations. Referring aliens. Of the 8,579 males, they estimate to Dr. Luciuk's criticisms of Mr. that up to 5,000 were of Ukrainian Mulroney for not detailing the package descent. at last October's triennial UCC congress The UCC report also argues that in Winnipeg, Mr. Bardyn said Dr. German internees received better treat­ Luciuk is "trying to sensationalize the ment than Austrian Ukrainians, who issues to get as much press for himself. were detained in "more primitive camps "I had met with Mr. Mulroney, along or large internment camps in isolated with (former UCC President) Dr. settlement." Dmytro Cipwynyk and (UCCLA In 1915, the internment camp at Chairman) John Gregorovich before his Brandon, Manitoba, held between 800 appearance [at the congress] and was and 1,000 Ukrainian internees. trying to get him to at least acknowledge Ukrainians were segregated from so- a commitment to resolve the issue to the called "first-class" prisoners. Their mail mutual satisfaction of both the govern­ was censored and they were subjected to ment and the community, which he did. Canadian military laws for discipline, "Lubomyr is going over old ground which included: being fired upon for now... we're now waiting for a deci­ escaping, receiving reduced rations, soli­ sion," he said. tary confinement and hard labor. Mr. Bardyn noted he hopes the Price Although it's believed that each pris­ Internment survivor Mary Haskett, 84. Waterhouse report will convince the oner was documented, most Canadian by Christopher Guly and two brothers heard some stories government to deal with the Ukrainian government records concerning World about their mother's illegal incarcera­ Canadian redress issue separately. War I internment operations were OTTAWA — Mary Haskett hopes tion. "We wanted to believe her, but It estimates that the majority of destroyed in 1951. As a result, Price that surviving one injustice won't lead didn't know what to make of it." Ukrainian Canadians interned between Waterhouse chartered accountants Claire to another. Mrs. Haskett isn't suфrised. "Who 1914 and 1920 were unemployed or des­ Livingston and Martin Roberts relied on The 84-year-old woman who lives would even think that such a thing titute prior to their imprisonment and did a "Report of Internment Operations in Mississauga, just outside of would happen? There was no reason not pose a military threat to Canada. (1914-1920)" by Maj.-Gen. Sir William Toronto, is the last known survivor of for it." Each Ukrainian was interned for an aver­ Otter, who was in charge of monitoring the World War I internment camps She remembers the soldiers keep­ age of 1.5 years. and caring for internees. that held more than 5,000 Ukrainian- ing close guard on her family, the In 1914, there were about 170,000 Through his records it was determined Canadian men, women and their fami- barbed wire, the written permission Ukrainians in Canada, most of them that many Ukrainians were interned due lies between 1914 and 1920. On required to leave the camp and the coming from western Ukraine. As a to ethnic prejudice rather than wartime March 29, as the honorary chair of the food served from buckets. Yet these result, their citizenship was either suspicions. National Archives of Canada redress council of the breakaway details do not appear in Canadian Austrian or Austro-Hungarian. documents confirm that being unem­ Ukrainian Canadian Civil Liberties school textbooks, she added. Although most Ukrainian Canadians ployed or destitute was frequently a rea­ Association, she was part of a delega­ "So many people phoned me when were not interned, most were forced to son Ukrainian Canadians were interned tion to Parliament Hill. The group met they heard the story and told me that register as enemy aliens. As a result, during this time. with several members of Parliament, they had never heard anything like it," they lost the right to vote, lost the right Any who were arrested and interned including Deputy Prime Minister Don she explained. "They never read any­ to naturalize as Canadian citizens and because they were reservists and who Mazankowski, to plead the case for thing about it." were restricted in their ability to serve in attempted to cross the border did so in public acknowledgment of one of the Frances Haskett finally learned the Canadian military. search of work, not because they were in saddest chapters in Canadian history. abut the details of the tragedy in 1988 collusion with the enemy. In 1914, Mary Manko (Mrs. after reading a booklet on internment War Measures Act In the UCC's official submission for Haskett) — then 6, her sister, brother by Dr. Lubomyr Luciuk, the associa­ redress, Mr. Bardyn wrote that, in some and parents were one of many tion's director of research who has This nightmarish chapter in Canadian cases, some Ukrainians were interned Montreal families herded into the studied the episode since 1979. The history began on August 15, 1914, when because of their lack of knowledge of Spirit Lake internment camp in north- family now wants Prime Minister the Canadian government invoked the English. "When asked whether they em Quebec. A year later, her 2-year- Brian Mulroney's government to pub­ War Measures Act and issued a were pro-German," many Ukrainians old sister, Carolka, become ill and licly acknowledge and apologize to "Proclamation Respecting Immigrants of thought 'pro' was a short form of the died. their mother and all Ukrainian German or Austro-Hungarian Ukrainian word 'proty' which means Mrs. Haskett just recently found Canadians who were unjustly impris­ Nationality." Canada had joined Great 'against' and therefore answered affir­ her sister's grave in a church ceme­ oned. Britain's August 4 declaration of war matively." against Germany. tery in nearby Amos, Quebec. An However, neither the prime minis­ About 1,500 Ukrainians were also agricultural college now stands on the ter nor Multiculturalism Minister It authorized the arrest and detention interned during the war for failing to site of the old internment camp. Gerry Weiner were available to meet of "German or Austrian or Austro- report for registration or to demonstrate After the war, her parents, Andrew with Mrs. Haskett and the delegation Hungarian officers, soldiers or reservists their loyalty to the Allied Coфs. who attempt(ed) to leave Canada; and all and Katherine Manko, moved to in March. In fact, only 302 out of 1,964 prison­ subjects of the German Empire or of the Toronto where they ran a grocery Mrs. Haskett is counting on recent ers still interned in 1919 were actually of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Canada store. Both died towards the end of 11th hour appeals to convince the Austrian birth — further evidence that engaged... in espionage or acts of a hos­ the second world war. prime minister to approve some form this was a move against Ukrainian tile nature, or giving... information to the But Mrs. Haskett's 57-year-old of redress to the Ukrainian Canadian Canadians. enemy, or assisting... the enemy, or who daughter, Frances, who lives in community. "I haven't much time," Prisoners were interned in 24 camps, are on reasonable grounds suspected of Toronto, recalls that she, her sister she says. doing... any of the said acts." It added, (Continued on page 14) No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 The medical consequences of Chornobyl: the case of Belarus

by Dr. David R. Marples their precise role in clean-up operations. result of the Chornobyl accident." leukemia in children which one could, PARTI A Soviet engineer, Igor Gerashchenko, Similar thoughts pervaded the ICP, with total certainty, connect to the radia­ was heavily criticized for producing a report, which/ailed to discern any med­ tion factor of the Chornobyl accident." The question of a direct relationship figure of 5,000 deaths in Kyyiv hospitals ical consequences in villages surveyed According to Dr. Ivanov, more chil­ between the effects of increased radia­ alone from Chornobyl, in 1987. by the study in southern Belarus and dren are suffering from leukemia in the tion resulting from the 1986 nuclear dis­ More recently, there have been two northern Ukraine (about 1,300 persons) regions not affected by Chornobyl aster at Chornobyl and a rise in sickness­ other sources of casualty figures. The that could be directly attributable to (Minsk, Vitebsk oblasts) than in those in es in the regions affected has been the first was from Heorhiy Hotovchyts, the Chornobyl. In other words, though the the fallout zone (the city of Gomel and subject of intense debate over the past minister of the Chornobyl clean-up, and IAEA team did discover a variety of Gomel Oblast). He attributes this phe­ two years. It appears to be reaching a a man who was first acquainted with medical problems in the villages exam­ nomenon to the chemical contamination crescendo of sorts. It has encompassed indirect consequences of radiation fall­ ined, there was none that differed signif­ of the environment in Belarus, especially opinion from the "experts" of the out in the Narodychi area of Ukraine in icantly from those in non-irradiated in the larger cities. This leads him to be International Atomic Energy Agency to 1989. He noted that by April 1992, regions. The conclusions here reportedly very critical of the decision to evacuate charitable organizations providing aid to between 6,000 and 8,000 people had took into account the fact that health areas contaminated by radionuclides, if those suffering from the accident. died in Ukraine as a result of the acci­ care generally was not on a high level in evacuees are moved to areas of industrial Perhaps there can never be a consen­ dent, and that the casualty rate among the affected regions, though the team did pollution. sus on this issue because of the uncer­ those who participated in decontamina­ not examine evacuees or clean-up work­ Based on the results of his research to tainty of assigning any given sickness, tion was three to five times higher than ers, because they had not been asked to date, Dr. Ivanov concluded that the with certainty, to the effects of radiation, that of their compatriots. examine such groups in the agreement gloomy prognoses about future rises in particularly low-level radiation. One clean-up worker, Vladimir made in 1990 with the Soviet authorities. leukemia among children as a result of However, after seven years of study of Chernousenko, has mounted a personal Turning specifically to Belarus, one Chornobyl will be proved wrong. Such the effects of the event, it is pertinent at campaign to reveal what he believes to radiobiologist has decried the prevailing increases "will not happen." He conclud­ least to define the issues and the debate, be the truth about the number of direct attitude of virtual hysteria in the republic ed on a political note, that the results and to attempt some sort of preliminary deaths which, he states, is of the order of on the effects of Chornobyl. Scientists will "trump" certain rumor and specula­ conclusion. between 7,000 and 10,000 volunteers. cannot agree, he declares, on the danger tions on the Chornobyl theme, which are The most controversial part of levels of radioactive iodine. In the south- being used, in his opinion, by unscrupu­ The fallout Chernousenko's theory is his belief that em regions of Gomel, children received lous people to further political ambi­ not 3 percent of the contents of the reac­ over 1,000 rads of radioactive iodine to tions, or by "obsessive persons." Though maps of the fallout region their thyroid glands. But what level, he from Chornobyl have been published in tor core had been released by the Dr. Ivanov's conclusion represents a Chornobyl explosion, but 80 percent. asks, is permissible? According to the viewpoint that the ultimate medical the Soviet and post-Soviet press for the authorities, the maximum permissible is past five years, only in 1992 was a map By contrast, the Soviet and post- impact of Chornobyl will be less cata­ Soviet authorities never altered the fig­ 200-400 rads, but according to strophic than first feared, if not some­ published for Belarus, which provided a Academician E.P. Kanoplya, the critical detailed picture of the situation. The map ure of 31 deaths from Chornobyl, of what negligible. It derives from a widely concentrates on the current contamina­ held belief (both in the former Soviet tion of the soil with cesium-137. Union and in the West and Japan) that it Srontium-90, another radioisotope, is After seven years of study of the effects of the has not yet been possible to discern any monitored on a smaller map, though significant effects upon a population local scientists have concluded that it is Chornobyl accident, it is pertinent to at least from levels of radiation below 100 rads. less dangerous than cesium because its define the issues and the debate, and to attempt According to one Russian specialist levels are lower and do not necessitate interviewed on this subject last year, an evacuation of the population or such some sort of preliminary conclusion. even at levels of 300 rads, not every sub­ close monitoring of the population. ject becomes sick. The risk is, in fact, one in every five people. At lower lev­ The map indicates an area of severe els, it becomes impossible to diagnose contamination in Gomel and Mogilev which 29 were related to high radiation dose is over 100 rads. So will these peo­ with certainty radiation as a root cause oblasts on the republic's eastern border doses. The figure has been accepted by ple become ill? Clearly some will, but all of an illness (cancer, blood diseases, (with over 40 curies of cesium per Western doctors such as Robert Gale, depends upon their individual character­ deficiencies of the immune system, etc.) square kilometer in the soil in various who has remained closely associated istics, he says. particularly in regions of high environ­ locations); and areas of more moderate with the study of the medical effects of Moreover, the region affected by mental pollution. He cites a World contamination in the south, which spread Chornobyl and who treated some of the strontium in virtually all areas is below Health Organization study that cancer westward to Brest Oblast. early victims. He repeated it early in the critical level of three curies per will affect 19 percent of the earth's pop­ It is logical, therefore, in looking at 1993 at a press conference in Moscow. square kilometer, and the picture for plu- ulation at some time in their lives. the medical effects of Chornobyl, to con­ The figure of 31, however, has never tonium is similar. Even in regions with centrate on the Gomel region in particu­ withstood close scrutiny. Indeed, it is over 40 curies per cesium on farms, Such arguments have been used lar, with certain districts of Mogilev relatively easy to provide cases of indi­ there are still fields that can be cultivat­ before with regard to Chornobyl. One forming a secondary region of concern. vidual deaths not cited in this figure, ed, or that can provide grazing for live­ can also comment that the conclusions of V One could also apply this same thinking including a Ukrainian film-maker, an stock. "But," he maintains, "besides spe­ Dr. Ivanov, in particular, appear to be to the areas of Ukraine affected to the official from the Ministry of Medium cialists, no one wishes to state the truth premature, in that one would not neces­ south. Thus, the northern regions of the Machine Building and others. This is not [about the effects of Chornobyl]." It is sarily expect additional cases of Kyyiv, Zhytomyr and Chernihiv oblast the point. It still has not been possible to impossible, in his view, to state why this leukemia to express themselves so soon are likely to be the chief areas in which provide a conclusive figure on total is the case, but the end result has been after the disaster. It is also highly selec­ present and future illnesseis manifest casualties, seven years after the disaster. the dangerous phenomenon of radiation tive, in that children's leukemia is only themselves. They include a large area stress. one possible medical outcome of that was evacuated, commencing with a The critics Chornobyl. But what is one to make of The Belarusian Scientific Institute of 30-kilometer exclusion zone, and addi­ the accusations of Dr. Ivanov and others A variety of scientists from within Hematology and Blood Transfusion, tional areas whose inhabitants were that Chornobyl has been utilized for per­ and outside the former Soviet Union headed by the chief hematologist of the resettled subsequently, and also areas of sonal advantage and motives? have been severely critical of what has republic, Evgeniy P. Ivanov, has spent constant control. Conversely, is there evidence to suggest been described as a sensationalist view over six years compiling a register of that the health effects have been substan­ of the health effects of the disaster. Their blood diseases in children and adults Casualties tive and clearly discernible? Arguably, view is that fear and an irresponsible arising from the Chornobyl accident. the observer should be able to point out media, catalyzed by elements in the Late in 1992, Dr. Ivanov was prepared to To date, there have been no scholarly some health effects after such a time West which, for one reason or another, divulge the results of his investigation works on the number of direct casualties period, even given the initial dearth of wished to make the effects seem worse which, he declares, were "sensational," from Chornobyl that have provided spe­ official information and apparent unreli­ than the reality, led to an almost com­ not for the incidence of leukemias, but cific figures. The chief difficulty has ability of many of die figures. been in determining the number and pletely erroneous view of the conse­ rather because of the lack of them. names of those who visited the zone in quences. Before citing the results, he notes that The question of unscrupulous people the summer months of 1986. In 1989, a A member of the advisory council of the materials and methodological princi­ taking advantage of the Chornobyl figure of 5,000 clean-up workers who the International Chornobyl Project ples were subject to scrutiny by both tragedy can be dealt with quickly. In all had died as a result of direct or indirect (ICP), which took place under the aus­ republican specialists and "leading for­ three major republics affected (Belarus, exposure to Chornobyl radiation was pices of the International Atomic Energy eign experts" from the United States, Ukraine and Russia), there have been corroborated by an official who had Agency (IAEA), described the post- Switzerland, France, Japan and Britain public scandals over the disbursement of worked in the area for four years. Chornobyl situation as follows: "The in the period 1990-1992. funds — mostly from international aid — directed toward the victims of The high incidence of heart attacks people who did not know the true story The results were described thus: Chornobyl. among very young men, however, could of the contamination and did not under­ "Today we can declare with absolute In August 1992, for example, a report not be attributed directly to an increased stand its potential effects on their health confidence that at the present time a rise from the Gomel region suggested that background level or radiation, i.e., there got naturally alarmed. They found allies of leukemia has not been noted among "certain officials... are becoming rich on is no precedent in medical history for in the non-professional media, and children: thus both before and after the the Chornobyl tragedy." An inquiry was such an event. There was, in any case, newly created environmental and nation­ Chornobyl accident in Belarus, 80 to 115 held by the Belarusian State Committee no record of the people who were alist movements... Scared and alarmed children became sick each year (40 to 48 for Chornobyl, which uncovered a num­ alleged to have died, and one would people started believing that nearly children per 1 million child population) ber of abuses by the Enterprises of have needed to know family histories, every health disorder and every unusual and 200 to 270 adults... At present, there including previous illnesses, as well as happening in their environment was the has not been confirmed one case of (Continued on page 15) 10 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19 CHORNOBYL SEVEN YEARS AFTER: Ukraine's citizens asic,

by Marta Kolomayets Kyyiv Press Bureau

KYYIV —'• Seven years have passed since the nuclear accident at Chomobyl Nuclear Reactor No. 4 on April 26, 1986, shattered not only Ukraine, but resounded throughout the world, underscoring the power of the atom over humankind. Yet no other people, save perhaps the Belarusians, live with the memory and with the consequences of the accident every day of their lives the way the citizens of Ukraine do. And only now — after seven years of mourning — are they strong enough to feel angry, betrayed, hurt and abandoned. "We're talking to ourselves, who wants to listen to us? No one, not even the Supreme Council," shouted an angry woman who had been resettled from the 30-kilometer zone to Kyyiv soon after the accident. She was met with sympathy by the crowd of more than 300 people, miany of them "liq­ uidators" of the Chornobyl nuclear accident, who gathered at Kyyiv's Independence Square on Monday evening, April 26, to grieve for their families and friends who have died over the past seven years as a result of cancer, spurred, they say, by heavy doses of radiation. Organized by the Ukrainian Green World organization and the Chornobyl Union (Soyuz Chornobyl), the meeting was a forum for the people of the zone — the residents, the power plant workers, the liquidators. They expressed their distrust of today's Ukrainian government and Supreme Council, carrying banners that read: "Supreme Council, Cabinet of Ministers, don't look for money in the pockets of invalids; look for it among the mafia organizations" and "Chornobylites of the Vinnytsia region protest solu­ tions to economic problems at the expense of the Chornobyl law." During the two-hour meeting a number of citizens approached the microphone to ease the pain in their souls by sharing with those who had similar experiences. Many echoed the belief that they live with litde hope for the future. "We've waited for more than two years for the law on Chornobyl to be passed in Parliament, to give us some benefits. But, it's like that meat pie. They keep slicing away at it, piece by piece, until there is nothing left," said Vasyl Kornienko, a liquidator from Kyyiv Oblast. Some in the crowd lit candles they were holding to mourn the victims of the worst nuclear accident ever recorded in history. Others held teary-eyed reunions, meeting with neighbors from the zone whom they had not seen in quite some time. An elderly woman dressed in a light-colored kerchief timidly approached the micro­ phone, but in a courageous voice said: "My good people, who needs us. Even Yavorivsky is no longer with us... he no longer has time for us," she complained, referring to the chairman of the parliamentary Committee on Chomobyl who had actively campaigned to pass the law on Chornobyl in the Supreme Council. But a recent governmental decree put a ceiling on pensions for the more than 3 million Chornobylites — people who were affected by the disaster and who are eligible for free medicine, subsidized food and early retirement. Although few government statistics are available, the newest figures show that 125,000 people have been resettled from areas contaminated as a result of Chornobyl accident. Mr. Yavorivsky did not appear at this meeting of the Chornobylites. Save for Volodymyr Shovkoshytny, physicist/nuclear engineer, and a former resident of Prypiat who is a deputy in the Supreme Council and chairs the sub-committee on the 30-kilome­ ter zone, there were no government representatives. Public officials, led by Ukrainian President Leonid Kravchuk, attended their own meeting early in the day, which included a memorial service at the "Chornobyl Museum," in the Podil region of Kyyiv, a structure funded by the Ministry of Internal Affairs and dedicated exactly one year ago, on April 26, 1992, to the memory of the vic­ tims of Chornobyl. During the one-hour ceremony, a memorial service was offered by the Rev. Mykola, a priest of the Russian Orthodox Church (now the Ukrainian Orthodox Church), who served the last liturgy in Chomobyl on April 28, 1986, just two days after the accident and before he was evacuated. Singing responses to the panakhyda was a group of 14 ker­ chiefed women and two men who belonged to the lilynska church in thai town. They have developed a tradition: every year on the anniversary of the accident, they return to that church to pay tribute to those who perished. "We must take responsibility for our decisions, we should be responsible for our peo­ ple, for nature, for our land. People have come to understand that the cards have been laid out for all of civilization; that the responsibility of humankind before the atom should be much greater," the Ukrainian president, dressed in a black suit, told the more than 500 mourners gathered at the steps of the Chornobyl Museum. "Irresponsible decisions brought about this planetary catastrophe," he said. He assured the mourners that the government and various Supreme Council committees were devel­ oping a national Chornobyl program, which he said would "save everybody," and that funds for the liquidation of the consequences of Chornobyl would be used with the great­ est responsibility. President Kravchuk paid his first visit to the museum after the service. "For the past seven years, here in our home, we have been enduring a silent, but no less horrible, third nuclear worid war," said Mr. Yavorivsky, who attended this "meeting of mourning." He also said he would present a list of names of the guilty — those who kept the truth from the people, who allowed children to participate in the May Day parade in Kyyiv just four days after the explosion that released some 50 million curies of radioactive matter into the air and contaminated neariy 40,000 square kilometers of Ukrainian territory — to the Ukrainian Procurators' Office, on that day. He named the now-deceased Volodymyr Shcherbytsky, first secretary of the Communist Party of Ukraine; Valentyna Shevchenko, president of the Ukrainian SSR; Anatoliy Romanenko, minister of health; and Oleksander Liashko, premier of the Ukrainian SSR. "Although such an act does not make the tragedy any less painful," he said, "it is, in a way, a kind of cleansing." Church bells rang out mournfully on the morning, of April 26, and at 8 a.m. Greenpeace of Ukraine, the Ukrainian chapter of the international anti-nuclear organiza­ tion, hung two huge green banners over the large digital clock on the Khreshchatyk, near Independence Square. "Chornobyl stopped tine, it's іітг lO Cnornobyl to stop„" ihe hanncn, :ead. ісГеггіїї^д r> КЩ !99G decirio'^ > . мс j-^;- r^ '^ \—r ' lo c-o-s GOVP -he C'lO-v^xl purlc:.' No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 anyone listening?'

Scenes from solemn commemorations in Kyyiv of the seventh anniversary of the Chornobyl nuclear accident. Top left: A "Chornobylite" addresses the rally on Independence Square. Center left: Volodymyr Yavorivsky speaks at the opening of the Chornobyl museum located in the Podil section of the capital. Father Mykola and a choir of women from Chornobyl during the memorial service. Bottom left: President Leonid Kravchuk and his delegation get a tour of the museum. An elderly woman participates in the Chornobyl commemorations. Above: Rally participants' placards call attention to the nuclear disaster's victims. Thousands still affected by Chornobyl's fallout KYYIV — Seven years after reactor released by the organization to mark the No. 4 of the Chornobyl nuclear power April 26 anniversary said radiation-trig­ plant exploded, causing the world's gered leukemia cases in Belarus, worst nuclear accident, thousands of Ukraine and Russia had not risen, report­ people continue to be affected by radia­ ed Reuters. tion sickness, forced evacuation and land Officials say 11 percent of Ukraine's contamination, reported Reuters. budget goes toward dealing with the aftermath of the accident. Chornobyl Groups representing victims say the accounts for about 40 percent of the Ukrainian government — which claims Health Ministry's budget. Deputy the Chornobyl disaster has caused 8,000 Finance Minister Mykola Sivulsky said deaths — is coping badly with 611.3 bilHon kai'bovantsi ($200 million) Chornobyl-related difficulties. Those had been allocated in the 1993 budget, most in need are not getting the right but another 500 billion ($170 million) is kind of help, they say, needed to cover needs fully. "There is no mechanism to implement The Chornobyl plant is to be closed state assistance programs," said Yuriy by order of Ukraine's Parliament by the Andreyev, head of the Ukraine end of the year. Two of the four reactors Chornobyl Union. "There are too few have been kept on line to meet energy sanatoriums, no specialized clinics, the needs through 1993. radiological centers are unable to cope. Ukraine remains divided between There are shortcomings in legislation, opponents of nuclear power and a scien­ little is being done about finding hous­ tific lobby that says there is no alterna- ing." dve to expanding it. During the week of April 18, 113 of Ecologists have demanded the closure the tens of thousands of workers of not only Chornobyl but the five assigned to clean up the plant after the nuclear power stations that still provide 1986 explosion were on hunger strike to more than 30 percent of Ukraine's elec­ demand changes to regulations on bene­ tricity. The nuclear industry says fits. A representative of the hunger strik­ Ukraine, which depends heavily on ers told Reuters eight others dropped out Russia for oil and gas imports, must of the protest on April 22 after losing maintain and expand its nuclear capaci­ consciousness. ty- On April 28, President bCravchuk told The Parliament is currendy examining groups helping Chornobyl victims: "We a proposal to complete the construction must create a new program to help the of at least three reactors that was halted victims of Chornobyl, but in the mean­ after the Chomobyi accident. time we need to correct the existing one. The newspaper Hoios Ukrainy report­ We need consensus among you." ed Chornobyl Director Myk.)la Sorokin The World Health Organization has comni'-sioned a studv sliowing tha; {WAO) reported or- April 23 that shutdovvai o' Chornobyl wovid cost tr^^, ChOi Oi)Vi caused tpvicvc' cancer cases country i" rji\b of dollars їй iraportiiL; a.r

of the agreement does not seem to have threat from neighbors seeking a revision certainly worries us. We would continue The shaping... been published either. What is striking, of Ukraine's borders, "we have to to put forward our request to the interna­ (Continued from page 2) moreover, is that the short report by address the international community tional community to find a way... to pro­ ITAR-TASS on this subject of the same with a request to provide guarantees for vide some guarantees for the national Two days later there was a further day, which was based on information the national security of Ukraine."^^ security of Ukraine."93 apparent setback. The Ukrainians had obtained from the Russian Foreign The response from the United States Before leaving Washington, after continued to press Russia and the United Ministry, made no mention of any provi­ and NATO was prompt and direct: any some initial embarrassing confusion. States to accept the idea that all the suc­ sions for the monitoring by Ukraine of idea of a Western military guarantee for President Kravchuk was able to confirm cessor states to the Soviet Union that had the transfer to Russia and destruction Ukraine was out of the question, that all the nuclear weapons had now nuclear weapons on their territory should there of the tactical nuclear missiles. although U.S. Secretary of State Baker been moved from Ukraine to Russia, ratify the START I treaty. At a meeting Yet, a few days later Radio Ukraine indicated that the United States might well in advance of the agree deadline. in Moscow of the foreign ministers of quoted a Ukrainian Foreign Ministry consider providing diplomatic support in He also made us of the opportunity to Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and official as denying that Ukraine had the event of a nuclear crisis.^6 The most appeal again for technical and financial Kazakhstan to discuss the implementa­ given way because of international pres­ important international guarantee for assistance in dismantling the ICBMs, tion of the START I treaty, Mr. Zlenko sure and stating that an agreement had Ukraine's safety, the temporary U.S. pointing out that Russia had the onl; formally proposed that, instead of being been attained "on the international con­ charge d'affaires in Kyyiv, Jon facilities for destroying both the war­ represented by Russia, all four states act trol over the removal and destruction of Gundersen, told journalists on May 3, heads and the missiles that delivered as one collective party to preserve the such weapons." He also reiterated that was its integration into European struc- them.94 treaty's bilateral nature. Russia, howev­ Ukrainian military experts would carry tures.^"^ All in all then, as far as Kyyiv was er, continued to insist that it alone be a out monitoring at the various sites in This was repeated by an unnamed concerned, Messrs. Kravchuk and party to the treaty and that it also imple­ Russia where the weapons were to be "senior administration official" who, on Zlenko's visit to Washington was a suc­ ment the treaty on behalf of Ukraine, destroyed, and would carefully check the the eve of President Kravchuk's trip to cess. Apart from raising Ukraine's inter­ Belarus, and Kazakhstan. The talks serial numbers of the warheads.77 the United States, prescribed something national stature and appearing to lay the appeared to break down in deadlock.^^ The news that Ukraine would resume of a tall order for the Ukrainians, telling basis for a closer relafionship with the shipping tactical nuclear weapons to the press in Washington that "the best United States, it also expedited the One step back, two steps forward? Russia was welcomed in Washington guarantee of [Ukraine's] security is rapid agreement on how the START I treaty With the prospect of Ukraine hard­ and other Western capitals,^» and there and close integration into Western insti­ would be ratified, resulting in the recog­ ening its position toward nuclear disar­ were further signs that the United States tutions, close relations with Western nition of Ukraine as one of the parties to mament still further (and with the stand­ was "elevating its relationship with countries, a successful and rapid eco­ it. This was an important diplomatic vic­ off between Kyyiv and Moscow over the Ukraine.""79 President Kravchuk also nomic reform, firm democratic reforms, tory for Ukraine, not only because of the Black Sea Fleet and the Crimea continu­ noted the improvement in relations with and finally a good relationship with acknowledgment of Kyyiv's rights and ing), there was a flurry of diplomatic the United States. On April 28, shortly Russia."88 responsibilities concerning nuclear disar­ activity during the next two weeks, some before his departure for Washington, he During the Ukrainian president's visit mament, but also because it "internation­ public and some behind the scenes. told a press conference that, having ear­ to Washington on May 5-7, both he and alized" what might have otherwise The most visible aspect of it was an lier viewed the republic "as being in the his hosts appeared to be at pains to remained a largely Ukrainian-Russian improvement in Ukrainian-U.S. contacts orbit of Russian foreign policy," the U.S. emphasize that it marked the beginning problem and source of tension. signaled by the Bush administration's had now taken "a constructive line" of a better relationship between Ukraine As far as Kyyiv was concerned, the decision to send a high-level U.S. dele­ toward Ukraine.^^ and the United States. Secretary of State provisions of the START treaty also gation led by Undersecretary of Defense Kyyiv's most important breakthrough Baker declared that the visit symbolized gave Ukraine three more years in which Paul Wolfowitz to Kyyiv. It met with with the United States, though, was in "the extent to which the United States to eliminate the nuclear weapons on its President Kravchuk on April 14. persuading Washington to back sees Ukraine as a full partner" in efforts territory. Last, but not least, Kyyiv also Meanwhile, Ukrainian Defense Minister Ukraine's position on the ratification of to build a "democratic peace."89 For his appeared to have secured Washington's Morozov was in Washington meeting the START I treaty. While publicly part, after meeting with President support for, or at least acknowledgment with Secretary of State Baker and Russia continued to refuse to budge, Kravchuk on May 6, President Bush said of the importance of, Ukraine's integra­ Defense Secretary Richard Cheney. It is negotiations went on behind the scenes, that the two had agreed that "the United tion into Western European institutions. likely that the Ukrainian side stressed the with Washington exerting its influence. States and Ukraine should be not just This point was registered in the joint domestic pressure that the Ukrainian By the end of the month, Mr. Kravchuk friends, but partners."9o The joint state­ statement issued by President Bush and leadership was under either to obtain a felt confident enough to announce that ment issued by the two presidents that Kravchuk. more satisfactory arrangement concern­ the foreign ministers of Russia, Ukraine, day went further and declared that "By The Lisbon Protocol ing the fate of the nuclear weapons on its Belarus and Kazakhstan would meet agreeing to cooperate to advance these territory, or to alter the Ukrainian posi­ with U.S. Secretary of State Baker soon common political, economic, and securi­ During the next two weeks, the tion, as Kazakhstan had done, thereby to sign a protocol to the START I treaty ty interests, the United States and inde­ United States continued the sensitive putting the ratification of the START I committing all four of them to imple­ pendent Ukraine have laid the founda­ negotiations with Russia, Kazakhstan, treaty in even greater jeopardy. menting it.8i tion for a strong and special partner- and Belarus on the ratification of the The same day that the U.S. delegation During the last two weeks before the ship."9i START I treaty and was able to win was in Kyyiv, however, Mr. Zlenko Ukrainian president's trip to Apart from a trade agreement afford­ (Continued on page 13) unexpectedly announced at a press con­ Washington, both Mr. Kravchuk and Mr. ing Ukraine most-favored-nation status, ference that Ukraine and Russia had Zlenko emphasized once again that pledges of various forms of technical worked out a compromise and that the 74 Radio Mayak, April 12, 1992; and Ukraine was seeking financial and tech­ assistance, and a Peace Coфs program, shipment of tactical nuclear weapons to Radio Ukraine, April 14, 1992. nical help from the West in dismantling the most important tangible result from Russia would be resumed in a few days. 75 James Meek, "Nuclear Weapons the nuclear weapons on its territory. At Mr. Kravchuk's visit for the Ukrainian It transpired that after the abortive talks Transfer from Ukraine to Resume," The his press conference on April 14, the side was the confirmation of the agree­ in Moscow on the START I treaty, a Guardian, April 15, 1992. Ukrainian foreign minister declared ment between Washington and Kyyiv on separate bilateral meeting of the quite bluntly that Ukraine could only 76 Robert Seely, "Kiev to Resume Missile how the ratification of the START I Transfer," The Times, April 15, 1992. Ukrainian and Russian delegations had meet the agreed deadlines for eliminat­ treaty would be handled. In the joint 77 Radio Ukraine, April 22, 1992. taken place. According to The ing the weapons "if we receive the prop­ statement issued by President Bush and 78 ITAR-TASS, April 16, 1992. Guardian's report on Mr. Zlenko's press er help we expect from outside, includ­ Kravchuk, Ukraine affirmed that it 79 Reuters, April 20, 1992. conference, the Ukrainian foreign minis­ ing Western countries."82 A few days would ratify and implement the START 80 ITAR-TASS, April 29, 1992. ter 3aid that the draft agreement, which later Mr. Kravchuk repeated this to a vis­ I treaty, dismantling all its nuclear arms 81 Radio Ukraine, April 29, 1992; and still awaited the signatures of the presi­ iting Australian parliamentary delega- "in accordance with the appropriate Reuters, April 30, 1992. dents of both countries, "would ensure tion.83 agreements, within a seven-year period 82 Radio Ukraine, April 15, 1992. Ukrainian inspectors were able to moni­ There was also, however, an impor­ as defined in the treaty," and join the 83 ITAR-TASS, April 21, 1992. tor the withdrawal, storage, and eventual tant new note. Echoing the prevailing Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty as a 84 From a summary broadcast by Radio disposal of warheads." feeling in the Ukrainian Parliament, non-nuclear state. The statement also Ukraine on April 27, 1992. 85 Radio Ukraine, April 29, 1992; and He pointed out that Ukraine had also President Kravchuk now made it known confirmed that the United States would The Ukrainian Weekly, May 3, 1992. wanted to involve observers from out­ that in return for giving up the nuclear assist Ukraine in its nuclear disarmament 86 Reuters, April 29, 1992. efforts with part of the $400 million of side the former Soviet Union but that arsenal on its territory, Ukraine expected 87 Radio Ukraine, May 3, 1992. Russia had opposed this. Apart from the to receive some form of security guaran­ appropriations from the U.S. Congress.92 88 Mark Matthews, "Ukrainian President Ukrainian lack of certainty that the tee from the West. Having failed to obtain the security Vows to Abandon Nuclear Weapons," The weapons handed over to Russia were In an interview he gave to La Stampa, guarantees that Ukraine had been seek­ Sun (Baltimore), May 7, 1992. Izvestiya of actually being destroyed, Kyyiv had also Mr. Kravchuk explained the problem as ing. President Kravchuk told a press May 7, 1992 referred to the official as a high- worried that a nuclear warhead with a Kyyiv saw it: "Let us assume that we conference after his meeting with ranking National Security Council staffer. Ukrainian serial number might find its remove all nuclear weapons from President Bush that his country would 89 Reuters, May 6, 1992. way into the hands of a third party, Ukraine and become a non-nuclear state. continue to press for firmer assurances. 90 Matthews, "Ukrainian President Vows. thereby discrediting Ukraine.^5 This is what we want. But what guaran­ He explained: "Ukraine is a large Indirectly acknowledging the influence tee will there be for our security? European country with a population of 91 Holes Ukrainy, May 9, 1992; and The of Western pressure, Mr. Zlenko claimed Ukrainian Weekly, May 17, 1992. Germany's security, for example, is 53 million and a powerful nuclear arse­ that "The world failed to understand, 92 Ibid. guaranteed by NATO. Who will deter­ nal, and we volunteered to eliminate what was behind our move."^^ 93 Doyle McManus, 'U.S., Ukraine Agree mine Ukraine's security? Russia? those weapons. We think that policy is on Atomic Weapons Reduction Plan," Los Rather surprisingly, the agreement Perhaps we would agree, but Russia con­ correct in its concept; we would not like Angeles Times, May 7, 1992. defusing a problem that had caused tinually makes border claims on us."^^ to change that policy. But some of our 94 Don Oberdorfer, "Kravchuk Says All international concern was signed by Mr. Kravchuk repeated this argument neighbors, especially Russia, have politi­ Short-Range Nuclear Missiles Have Been President Kravchuk and Yeltsin on April at a press conference in Kyyiv on April cal forces which would like to make ter­ Removed to Russian Soil," The Washington 16, with virtually no publicity. The text 28, stating that because of the potential ritorial claims against Ukraine, and that Post, May 8, 1992. No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 13

take into account its national security Soviet successor states with nuclear tees, we have to hold on to some nuclear The shaping... interests in conducting this activity. In weapons, was of course too serious a weapons, and Ukraine has to control (Continued from page 12) this connection, if any questions should matter to pass without some reaction. them — not Russia, which has a truly arise, Ukraine will consult with the other Vyacheslav Chornovil, who had been the imperial attitude." their agreement on the compromise solu­ parties to the treaty. In addition... the runner-up to Mr. Kravchuk in the presi­ tion that Washington and Kyyiv had process of elimination of nuclear dential election, gaining about a quarter 95 See Norman Kempster, "Pact Leaves worked out. The deal was sealed in weapons in Ukraine should be carried of the votes, and was now a co-leader of Only Russia with Nuclear Arms in Lisbon on May 23, when Secretary of out under reliable international control Rukh, stressed the need for guarantees. Commonwealth," Los Angoits Times, May State Baker, the foreign ministers of which should guarantee the non-use of "The fact that there are still nuclear 24, 1992; Don Oberdorfer, 'Three Ex-Soviet Russia, Ukraine and Belarus, and a rep­ nuclear charge components for repeated weapons on Ukrainian territory is some­ States Give Up A-Arms," The Washington resentative of Kazakhstan signed a pro­ production of weapons and should pre­ thing that acts as deterrent," he argued. Post, May 24, 1992. 96 For the texts of the Lisbon Protocol tocol, or legal supplement, to the vent their export to other countries." As Western agencies also reported in and the accompanying letters, see Arms START I treaty. [Emphasis added]96 mid-July the radical nationalist deputy Control Today, June 1992, pp. 34-36. According to its delicately balanced The second document was broader in Stepan Khmara went further and accused 9"^ The document does not appear to have terms, Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan scope (though presumably not binding). Mr. Kravchuk of making a "giant politi­ been published in the Ukrainian press. Its were acknowledged to be parties to the From the details that are known, Ukraine cal mistake" in agreeing to uphold provisions were described, however, in a ' -aty along with the United States and informed the international community Ukraine's non-nuclear status without summary issued by Ukrinform on June 3, .ssia. As "successor states of the that it considered that the reduction of Western security guarantees. He con­ 1992, and by V. Kuchinsky, the head of the USSR," they undertook, together with section of the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry the nuclear weapons based on the territo­ firmed that quite a number of deputies in dealing with disarmament, in his article "For Russia, to "assume the obligations of the ry of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and the parliamentary Commission on former USSR under the treaty"; to carry Security without Confrontation" in the Kazakhstan" should be achieved through Defense and State Security thought that monthly Kyyiv publication Polityka і Chas, out the verification provisions of the the proportional and uniform destruction "as long as we don't have such guaran­ Nos. 9-10, September-October 1992, p. 38. treaty and participate in the work of the of nuclear warheads and means of deliv­ Joint Compliance and Inspection ering them"; that Ukraine, having "vol­ Commission; and to comply "in the P.O. Box 3874 untarily renounced the right to possess Albany, NY 12203-0874 shortest possible time" as "non-nuclear nuclear weapons, to which it was enti­ (518) 471-4249 Day states" with the Nuclear Non- (518) 456-2119 Evening tled as one of the equal legal successor Americans for Democracy in Ukraine, Inc. (518) 452-0236 Fax Proliferation treaty. Each party also states of the former USSR, will insist on undertook to ratify the treaty together guarantees of its national security, with the protocol "in accordance with including guarantees against the possible Following is the 1992 list of Contributors who have helped to subsidize projects and activities by our organization their constitutional practices." The treaty threat of the use of force... against 1992 donors: was to come into force on the day that Anonymous: 1992 donation (total donations); Ukraine on the part of any nuclear $262.00 (262.00); $117.00 (229.00); $87.00 (129.00); $62.00 (87.00); $50.00 (112.00); $40.00 the ratified documents were finally (122.00); $37.00 (187.00); $30.00 (75.00); $22.00 (42.00); $22.00 (37.00); $20.00 (30.00); $17.00 state"; and that Ukraine will insist "that (42.00); $^2.0Q (62.00); $12.00 (27.00); $12.00 (24.00); $10.00 (20.00) exchanged. Russia promptly take practical steps to It was clear from the strained atmos­ create together with Ukraine a system of $1000.00 - Mrs. Lidia Yaciw ($1025.00); $800.00 - Ukrainian Society of Greater Cinncinatti ($800.00); phere during the signing ceremony95 technical control by the president of $450.00 - Dr. & Mrs. Alexander Jakubowycz ($650.00); and from the de facto provisos that $325.00 - Taras and Julie Shepeiavy ($1471.00); Ukraine over the non-use of the strategic $250.00 - Dr. Stephan & Tamara Tymkiw ($600.00); Russia, Ukraine and Belarus sought to offensive weapons based on the territory $225.00 - Holy Cross Ukr. Orthodox Church ($225.00); attach to the document in the form of $212.00 - Mr. Jaroslaw MIynko ($312.00); of Ukraine." $200.00 - Mr. Adrian A. Dolinsky ($400.00); Sophia & Ivan Stebelsky ($262.00); Mr. Myron Wojtowycz ($600.00); accompanying letters and statements that $187.00 - Mrs. Irene Chumilovski ($252.00); there were still considerable differences The note also stressed tiiat, as a matter $125.00 - Mrs. D^ria I. Bylow ($350.00); $113.00 - Mr. Walter Solima ($233.00); among the Soviet successor states on the of principle, Ukraine could not recognize $112.00 - Mr. Ivan Iwachiw ($224.00); Dr. Stephen D. Olynyk ($112.00); Marusia Popovich (139.00) any " special status" for Russia com­ $100.00 - Dr. Andrij O. & Elizabeth A. Baran ($100.00); Mr. & Mrs. Yaroslav Bilinsky ($150.00); Orest & іЛагіка interpretation of some of the provisions. Boychuk ($100.00); Ukrainian American Coordinating Council ($100.00); Ms. Pearl Dent ($200.00); Bohdan Russia stressed that it preferred not to pared with that of the other "legal suc­ T. & Tamara J. Guran ($100.00); Mrs. Maria S. Kodelsky ($200.00); Oles I. Lomacky ($200.00); Mr. John cessor states of the former USSR" in Mazurczak ($200.00); William & Mary Nowadly ($100.00); Theodore & Olga I. Rakoczy ($140.00); Mr. & implement the START I treaty until Mrs. Julian Salisnjak ($200.00); Mr. John Sosnowy ($100.00); Dr. Eugene & Nila Steckiw ($175.00); Ralph Ukraine, Belarus and Kazakhstan had matters regarding agreements, property, J. Swanson ($100.00); or obligations of the former Soviet $92.00 - Valentina & Evdokia Llmonczenko ($192.00); eliminated all the nuclear weapons on $87.00 - Mr. & Mrs. Walter Litynsky ($249.00); their territory, and that it considered Union, the only exception being the joint $80.00 - Mr. & Mrs. Michael Heretz ($204.00); CIS agreement that Russia fill the seat of $75.00 - Theodore & Margaret Fedak ($80.00); Ukraine still to be bound by the $72.00 - Basil W. & Olga, Balaban ($97.00); timetable agreed upon at the Minsk CIS the former USSR at the United Nations $62.00 - Dr; Bohdan Garbowski ($112.00): Mrs. Nadia & Maria Kasianchuk ($303.00); Mrs. Maria Komar ($97.00); Mr. Petro B. Kosel ($62.00); Ms. Zina Smith ($124.00); Waiter Stadnyk ($144.00); Alexander R. meeting on December 30, 1991 (namely, and on its Security Council.^'7 Strilbyckyj. MD ($82.00); that it would complete the destruction of $50.00 - Dr. Walter J. & Joice C. Baziuk ($50.00); Orest & Nadine Danysh ($50.00); Rochester Ukrainian FCU Curiously, the signing of the Lisbon ($50.00); Mrs Anastasia Holubec ($50.00); Mr. Vladimir Kohutiak ($50.00); Orest & Antonina Koltuniuk all the remaining nuclear weapons on its protocol — one of the most important ($50.00); Of. Oteg & Sophie H. Kudryk ($100.00); Yaroslaw & Theodosia Kushnir ($50.00); Mr. Lubomyr Lampika ($82.00); Mr. & Mrs. M. sr. & Z. Lucenko ($50.00); Marko & Ljubow Melnitshenko ($50.00); Ivan territory by the end of 1994) rather than treaties signed by independent Ukraine & Lubomyra E. Mokey ($60.00); Jerry & Oresta Nestor ($50.00); Mr. Paul Pankiw ($70.00) Mr. by the seven-year period specified in the — seems to have passed almost unre­ Rostyslav & Frieda Petriv ($50.00); Mr. Mykola & Sophie Petrusha ($50.00); Ms. Marta H. Pflanczer ($70.00); Natalia Rubycz ($50.00); Mrs. Martha Rudyk ($50.00); Pavio & Anastasia Shandruk ($50.00); START I treaty. ported by the Ukrainian media. Wasyl Shevchenko ($50.00); Mr. Peter Shyprykevich ($50.00); Very Rev. Canon Basil Stebelsky ($50.00); Furthermore, for some reason, the text of Nativity of BVM Ukrainian Catholic Church ($50.00); Leo & Irene Werbyckyj ($50.00); Self Reliance Ukraine qualified its position in two (Newark. NJ) FCU ($50.00); supplementary documents: a letter from the protocol and of President Kravchuk's $42.00 - Mr. & Mrs. I. & H. Korhun ($54.00); Michael & Nina Senkiw ($67.00); supplementary letter to President Bush $40.00 - Mr. Mykola Schpetko ($90.00); President Kravchuk to President Bush, $37.00 - George & Oksana Chranewycz ($37.00); Mr. Anatoly Kachan ($74.00); Wasyl & Stanislawa Kovach dated May 7, which it appended to the appear not to have been published in ($62.00); Edward & Daria Zarsky ($47.00); Lisbon Protocol; and a note issued by Ukraine. $35.00 - Mr. M. Kulyk ($35.00); the Ukrainian Foreign Ministry and dis­ $32.00 - Alexander & Irene L. Procyk ($62.00); Wasyl & Annie Puszkydra ($104.00); Paul & Elizabeth Sawczuk Not surprisingly, therefore, in the ($44.00); Col. Petro & Natalia Woynowsky ($282.00); tributed in Kyyiv by Minister Zlenko on absence of any real details about what $30.00 - John Fil ($30.00); Mykola & Eva Gawur ($30.00); Valentina Jakowenko ($30.00); Mr. Volodymyr Nanashko ($30.00); Mr. Martyn Predko ($30.00); Dr. Alexander & Alyce Ann Woroniak ($60.00); June 3 to the ambassadors of NATO Ukraine had actually committed itself to, $25.00 - Ukrainian National Assoc. Assembly 128 ($25.00); Alexander & Pauline Blahitka ($25.00); Chrystyna countries. In the first document. there was no immediate public discus­ Blazenko ($25.00); Bohdan & Isydora Bojarskyj ($25.00); ODWU Br.#23 -Allentown, PA c/o A. Geletkanycz ($50.00); Mr. Gerald Cap ($25.00); Orest & lubomyra Ct)apeisky ($25.00); Michael & Mary Chromiak President Kravchuk reaffirmed sion of the country's accession to the ($50.00); Mykola & Maria Durkacz ($25.00); Jaroslav I. & T. Myroslawa Dutkewych ($87.00); Mr & Mrs Ukraine's intention to have a non- START I treaty. But this did not mean Nicholas Fil ($25.00); Osypa J. & Andrij Geletkanych ($75.00); Semen Hasiak ($45.00); Bohdan T. & Irene M. Hnatiuk ($100.00); Mykola & Wolodymyra Kawka ($25.00); Mr. Lubomyr S. Koltuniuk ($25.00); Damian nuclear status and abide by the three that its ratification by Ukraine's & Peter A. Korduba ($25.00); Mr. George S. Krawec ($125.00); Mrs. Vera Levytska ($75.00); Daniel & non-nuclear principles and emphasized assertive Parliament was assured. Marie Maxymuik ($25.00); Dr. Leonidas & Oksana Mostowycz ($25.00); Mrs, Olga Nelesko ($25.00); Mr. Stefan Pylyp ($25.00); Mr & Mrs John Romanation ($70.00); Alexandra Z. Shwed ($25.00); Walter & Mary "its right to control over the non-use of Moreover, the Parliament was preparing Ann Simkiw ($25.00); Oleh & Elsa O. Sklepkovych ($25.00); Adolf & Helen Slovik ($25.00); Mr. Roman nuclear weapons" deployed on its terri­ Slysh ($25.00); Daniel W. & Mary M. Sobenko ($25.00); Jaroslaw & Katherine Stepankiw ($25.00); Mrs. to discuss proposals for a Ukrainian mil- Olga Velesko ($50.00); Martha or John A. Wiegand ($25.00); Stephen A. & Irene Y. Zdan ($50.00); George & tory. itary doctrine that would define the Maria Zelensky ($45.00); $24.00 - Mr. Anatol Demus ($24.00); Dr. Natalia & Mr. Roman Pazuniak ($36.00); He went on to say that "Ukraine shall directions of Ukraine's security policy; $22.00 - Drs. Roman & Stephania Baranowskyj ($42.00); Helen & Michael Chomyn ($52.00); Nicholas & Mary ^arantee the elimination of all nuclear and the question of Ukraine's non- Linynsky ($22.00); Dmytro Melnyk ($32.00); Evhen Bachynsky ($20.00); Mr. Mykola Bodel ($20.00); Mr. Michael Chalanych ($20.00); Walter & Hedwig Czerewko ($35.00); Dr. George & Christine R. DemWowich japons, including strategic offensive nuclear status would inevitably be a key $20.00); Mr. Oleh Gelemey ($20.00); Walt & Sheila Kirichenko ($32.00); Mr. Alexander Kobasa ($30.00); weapons, located in its territory in accor­ issue. Mr. & Alexander & OIha Lewyckyj ($20.00); Dr. Iwan & Natalie Makarewycz ($20.00); Dr. Peter S. Marfey ($32.00); Dr. Jurij Savyckyj ($20.00); Zenon & Teodosia Sawyckyj ($40.00); Ms. Anna Slusarczyk dance with the relevant agreements and The fact that, in signing the Lisbon ($20.00); Mrs. Hermine Suchowerskyj ($70.00); during the seven-year period as provid­ Protocol, Ukraine had agreed that by the $17.00 - V. Basil & Helen Choman ($22.00); $15.00 - Mrs. Helen J. Craton ($15.00); Michael & Gertrude Dub ($15.00); Mr. Ernest M. Dziubynsky ($27.00); Mrs. ed for in the START Treaty and within end of the century — if the provisions of Nadija Mychajluk ($15.00); Mr. Michael Pylypchak ($25.00); Mr. Michael Swinchuck ($40.00); Petro . the context of the Statement of the Non- Zaiuha ($60.00); the START I treaty were observed — $12.00 - Mrs. Luba Artymyshyn ($97.00); Mr. Peter Baley ($324.00); Mr. Ivan Ceresna $22.00); Mr. John Damobkl Nuclear Status of Ukraine. Ukraine will Russia would be the only one of the ($12.00); Mr. Iwan Dmytruk ($17.00); Ihor B. Evanick ($24.00); Helen & Roman A. Geletkanycz ($37.00); Mr. & Mrs. Wasyl & Maria Gula ($12.00); Wasyl & Halyna Hrishko ($24.00); Mr. Leonid Husak ($24.00); Mykola & Walentyna Krawec ($74.00); Mr. Jerry M. Kupchynsky $24.00); Drs. George & Tatiana Kyshakevych ($12.00); Nicolas &Sophie Leshak ($12.00);. Mr. Jeffrey L. Sauter ($12.00); Dennis L & Myra Stachiv ($174.00); Myroslaw & Iwanna Subtelny ($12.00); Mr. Roman I. Ulans ($37.00); Oksana W. & ZASIV Alexander Voronyn ($24.00); Dr. Oleh M. & Ludmyla S. Wolansky ($37.00); Mr Nicholas Zavisky ($122.00); $10.00 - Jurij & Lesia Baranyk ($20.00); .Mr. Joseph Bochey ($10.00); Paul & Rose Braem ($25.00); Mrs. Maria M. summer school of intense Ukrainian language Hapij ($20.00); Alexander & Haluna Kaluznyj ($10.00); John KIndrat. D.M.D. ($10.00);- Harry Kowalcheck and bandura playing for people 10 years of age and older, who don't speak Ukrainian $10.00); Dr. Stephan B. & OIha S. Kurylas ($10.00); Ms. Mary Kurylo ($10.00); Mr. Zenon Legedza ($10.00); Oleh & Nadia Maczaj ($10.00); Alexander Mychaluk ($10.00); Michael & Alice Ortynsky] July 5th to July 25th, 1993 ($10.00); Dr. Julian & Myroslawa M. Pawlyszyn ($20.00); Miroslaw & Helena M. Rakowsky ($10.00); Wasyl & Antonina Shyjka ($20.00); Dr. Dmytro Y. & Oksana L. Sich ($10.00); Nicholas & Katherine Styn taught by professional teachers. First in Kyyiv and then in Odessa or in Carpathian ($10.00); John T. & Mary J. Willetts $10.00); Mr. John Stefan Zapriala ($10.00); Mr. Roman Z. Zaputowycz Mountains. ($10.00); $5.00 - Mr. Walter Dytyniak ($5.00); Emil M. & Theresa Scholar ($17.00); $120.00 per week with accommodation. $2.00 - Mr. Joseph Luciw ($12.00). Dr. Ludmyla Verbytzka \n Kyyiv — Dr. Alexandra Melnyk in the USA.

Write to Dr. A. Melnyk, P.O. Box 84, We take this opportunity supporters without whose help we would not have been able to implement our projects Worthington Oh 43085 giving humanitari " technological aid to Ukraine, as welt as, promoting educational programs. or call (614) 885-0136. MICHAEL HERETZ. President DR. LVDIA TARNAVSKY, Secretary 14 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

Ukrainian Lady from Kyyiv eight years later. Mr. Marshall was Teacher, Choir Conductor, ChJIdrens' Report details... awarded $382,872 for his non-pecuniary Ensemble Director with two musically (Continued from page 8) losses, including a $25,000 payment plus 914 856-1633 Gifted Daughters — ages 15 and 9 interest to his parents for their "years of 201 659-0906 Wishes to work in U.S.A. or Canada for the first of which opened in August anguish, anger and frustration." At the Childrens' Camp, Church, organization 1914. Most internees were releaseci to time, it was also proposed that Mr. is available for your work-parole from 1916 to 1917 to help Marshall's community, the Mi'kmaq Wedding^Dance^FestivaUConcert or private individual For the months of June, July and August fill the war-related labor shortage. They nation, also receive compensation to 9^Ж\ newest tape Tribute to Taras in exchange for air fares, received 25 cents a day as pay. establish and operate a cultural center for ^M'^ first tape Hamaliya accomodations, meals and small Wrongfully interned Ukrainian children. SzXdi ./torgana T-Shirt honorarium Canadians as a group earned between Although the royal commission could Available ® $10 «a (chk/MO US $ only) Contact Lubomir — Weekdays — $192,000 and $287,000 while working not include such an award in its ruling. (604) 662-8668 in the camps. In July 1920, the Canadian Justice Evans did conclude that Mr. P.O. ВохЗ, Glen Spey, NY 12737 government held about $94,000 in trust Marshall suffered "...the loss of his abili­ ^¥•^^•^^¥•^^•^•^^•1^ for ex-internees. This comprised both ty to use his language in prison because rNVESTMENT IN UKRAINE earnings and some funds confiscated of the fact that he was native." восхаоо&схзооосхаосх from the internees. Mr. Bardyn said he hoped the re t To receive information on Investment historical case may prove useful in v -- Opportunities Available in Ukraine, Claims were eventually submitted and senting the UCC's arguments. In his send your name and address to: monies were paid out until 1939, with I LAW OFFICES UKRAINE-AMERICAN DEVELOPMENT the balance remaining at about $33,000 report, he stated: "Ukrainian Canadians FOUNDATION — of which $31,200 represents unpaid were innocent of any crime, their liberty and civil rights were denied by reason P.O. Box 81, Syracuse, N.Y. 13215 earnings. It's believed no further claims were ever paid out. only of their ethnic affiliation... For all Ф ZENON B. MASNYJ Ukrainians, those interned and those left For sale graphics of Hnizdowsky Although property was also confiscat­ behind, the wrongful actions of the state V 140-142 Second Avenue zibra front 27th of 30 ed, the report assumes that between 10 to were perpetrated against a culturally dis­ X New York, N.Y. 10003 J zibra back 38th of 120 20 farms were lost, valued at between tinct people whose cultural practices 5 Tel.: (212) 477-3002 0 please call $500,000 and $1 million in current dol­ made the experience of incarceration US — 205-752-2052 lars. X Serious personal injury, purchases X Canada —416-279-9795 particularly difficult." X and sales of co-op apartments, A price US $1000 cash But for Dr. Luciuk, the five-year П condominiums, homes and real n Total losses calculated struggle to seek public acknowledge­ ment of Ukrainian Canadian internment A estate for investment purposes, D In calculating total losses, the U negotiations with government Q might have been cut short along the CUT THE COST Vancouver-based firm estimated the V agencies, small and mid-size 0 way." John Gregorovich once said that of your stay in Kyyiv number of people wrongly interned and we as a community don't need to be 9 businesses, wills and probate. V the duration of their internment. Lost inewly renovated, fully equip - loved as long as we are respected. "I V Zenon B. Masnyj Q earnings were then estimated and think the problem has been that the UCC ped apartments, center of Kyyiv deducted from the minimal salaries they A Dennis L Chorny A Phone, TV, Airport pick-up has tried to be liked instead of respected received. Price Waterhouse relied on and this has been the result." A X $180-200/week for 2-3 people 1921 census figures that revealed about Planning a trip to 67 percent of the Ukrainian Canadian REAIESTATE SERVICES labor force worked in agriculture. The TELt(714)721-8779 FAX:(714)721-0772 average rate of pay for a Ukrainian Canadian board Canadian would have been $557 annual­ UKRAINE? ly. reviews decision Personalized Taking the 3,300 to 5,000 Ukrainian UKRAINIAN SINGLES Canadians wrongfully interned, the by Christopher Guly Travel Service at NEWSLETTER report equates that figure with a loss of Reasonable Rates Serving Ukrainian singles of all ages between 5,300 to 7,900 man-years to OTTAWA — The Historic States and throughout the United States and Canada. internment. If further estimates that Monuments Board of Canada is review­ For information send a self-addressed Ukrainian Canadian internees would ing its earlier decision to deny national have earned between $1.9 million and significance to the Castle Mountain •VISAS*HOTELS*MEALS* stamped envelope to: Single Ukrainians $2.8 million in 1917 dollars had there internment camp at Banff National Park •TRANSFERS^GUIDES* P.O. Box 24733. Phila.. Pa. 19111 been no internment. in Alberta. •AIR TICKETS* But Mr. Bardyn maintained that the Trudy Cowan, the Alberta member of •RAIL TICKETS• UCC's redress package extends to the the 17-member advisory board, says that entire community, based on wide-rang­ her group of historians has asked for fur­ •CARS WITH DRIVERS• ing discriminatory measures waged ther information on the history of •INTERPRETERS* FLOWERS against it by the government. For Ukrainian Canadian internment from •SIGHTSEEING^ instance, the Ukrainian ethnic press was 1914 to 1920. However, Ihor Bardyn, censored, Ukrainians were deprived of chairman of the Ukrainian Canadian LANDMARK, LTD naturalization rights for 10 years after Congress (UCC)'s redress committee, the war and the War-time Elections Act explains that park officials will include toll free (800) 832-1789 Delivered in Ukraine prohibited enemy alien immigrants natu­ the history of the site as part of its DC/MD/VA (703) 941-6180 ralized after 1902 from voting. human history exhibit. 1-800-832-1789 In late March, Canada's Environment fax (703) 941-7587 He added that this wartime violation Landmark, Ltd. Minister Jean Charest was criticized for of Ukrainian Canadians' civil rights also. refusing to acknowledge the Castle negatively affected their language and Mountain site as nationally significant. culture, let alone the humiliation suf­ Mr. Charest is a leading candidate in the Rain or Shine! fered by the community. upcoming Progressive Conservative Get a Jump On Summer! And although Ukrainian Catholic Party leadership race,to succeed retiring Bishop Nykyta Budka wrote a July 17, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney in June. VERKHOVYNA RockFest #2 1914, pastoral letter urging Austrians to He claims that his decision was ba Memorial Day Weekend return and fight for the homeland (which on the board's March 1991 recomm. May 29-30,1993 he later clarified in an August 8 follow- dation that said: "while it is an episode up, reminding Ukrainians of the ties to of interest, the internment within Glen Spey, N.Y. their new homeland), more than 10,000 Canada's parks during World War I of Currently Scheduled to Appear Ukrainians voluntarily enlisted from ethnic Ukrainians, the great majority of VKA western Canada during the war. In fact, whom were, at the time, citizens of two Alberta battalions were almost countries at war with Canada, is not, in VOODUDES exclusively composed of Ukrainian set­ and of itself, of national historic signifi­ FATA MORGANA tlers. cance. Beyond drawing parallels with its Mr. Bardyn feels that Mr. Charest YURY TURCHYlSrS NOW VOYAGER partner ethnic groups in seeking redress "mishandled" the situation by "saying Dance, Sports, Camping, KHe-flying, Fishing, & More from the Canadian government, the UCC stupid, insensitive things." is using the case of a Canadian man who Frances Haskett, daughter of Concerts Start at 1:30 pm / Dances at 8:30 pm was wrongfully convicted and impris­ Canada's only known Ukrainian sur­ Bring Your Family - Children under 12 Free oned. Donald Marshall Jr., a Mi'kmaq vivor of the camps, disagrees with the native from Nova Scotia, was convicted minister's approach. "There were 26 For Reservations саУ the UFA Resort at (914) 856-1323 and imprisoned at the age of 17 for a camps across Canada... how can he dis­ For Further Information, call (717) 342-0937 murder that he didn't commit. He was agree with history?" Concert Donation $5.00 /person/day ~ Dance Donation $2.00 released from prison in 1982 after serv­ The UCC hopes to persuade Parks Partdng $5.00fday per car or Weekend Camping fee $15.00 ing 11 years. Canada to place markers at all 26 camp The government compensated him sites. No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 15

Ukrainian Museum slates fund-raiser ATTENTION NEW JERSEY INSUREDS! NEW YORK — The traditional nied by Andrij Stasiw; vocalist Victor Is your auto insuronce presently in the JUA or MTF? spring fund-raising event sponsored by Shportko, and humorist Ireneus Think you're overpaying for your policy? ~1 The Ukrainian Museum will be held on Harasymiak. Zenia Brozyna will act as Can't get that good service you need & deserve? Saturday, May 15, 8 p.m. at the Ramada master of ceremonies. Then we are the one you are looking for!!! Hotel, 130 Route 10, East Hanover, N.J. Г DdN'T WAIT OR HESITATE Donation of $30 per person includes a The cabaret and dance will feature the CALL US TODAYm Oberehy ensemble — Luba Venhlevska, hot buffet. There will be a cash bar. Mykola Oleksyshyn, Myroslav The fund-raiser is organized by the ALEXANDER E. SMAL & CO. Holodynsky, Volodymyr Lemekha, museum's Special Events Committee Hordynsky, Pastushenko, Smal Andrey Solodenko and Volodymyr Krit; and the administration. For more infor­ INSURANCE — REAL ESTATE vocalist Olya Chodoba-Fryz, accompa- mation please call (212) 228-0110. (201 761-7500 FAX: (201) 761-4918 fuming the pages...

(Continued from page 6) DIASPORA^ His blend of literary Ukrainian and Pokutian (Caфathian foothill) dialect create a flavor not easily duplicated or translated. However, his stories are strongly evocative ENTERPRISES, INC. and emotionally harrowing, and thus widely recognized for their genius, and greatly 220 South 20fh Street, Philadelphia, PA 19103 influential. Translations have been attempted into Polish, French, English, German and Russian. Ivan Drach wrote a screenplay that combined two of Stefanyk's stories, Phila,: (215)567-1328 1-B00-4S7-5324 "The Stone Cross" and "The Thief which was made into a film in the early 1970s. NJ,: (201) 731-1132 Fax: (215)567-1792 The Soviet Ukrainian government offered Stefanyk a pension in the early 1920s, recognizing him as the foremost living prose-writer (this was before Khvyliovy and Pidmohylny rose to prominence), but he turned it down in protest against the repres­ UKRAINE— 1993 sions already raging there. Stefanyk died on his family estate in Rusiv on December 7, 1936. TOUR DATES Sources: "Stefanyk, Vasyl," in Encyclopedia of Ukraine, Vol. 4 (Toronto: • I April 13-27 University of Toronto Press, 1993); and in Entsyklopediya Ukrainoznavstva, Vol. 8 • II May 25 ~ June 8 (Paris: Molode Zhyttia, 1976). • III June 27 — July 11 • IV August 3-17 effects of earlier radiation-based disas­ • V August 22 — September 5 The medical... ters and have reached the (ostensibly hasty) conclusion that the previous cases (Continued from page 9) OPTIONS can be used to establish a defining prece­ Energy and Radiation Research (PERI), dent. Air, Hotel, Breakfast Basis, Air to Lviv (no excursions) $1,450.00 (15 Days) which had been entrusted with dissemi­ Air, Hotel, 3 Meals Daily, Air to Lviv (no excursions) $1,550.00 (15 Days) nating the various funds. Its funding was Dr. David Marples has visited the Air, Hotel, 3 Meals Daily, Air to Lviv & excursions to: $1,950.00 (15 Days) subsequently cut off and new organiza­ Republic of Belarus three times over the KYYIV/Kaniv HAIYCH /Iv. Frankivsk KOLOMYJA/Kosiv tions formed because of the scandal over past year, most recently in April 1993 LVIV KARPATY DROHOBYCH/Nahujevychi officials lining their own pockets with as the guest of the Belarusian Charitable TERNOHL/Poehajiv JAREMCHE/Worochta TRUSKAVETZ Fund for the Children of Chomobyl. He funds designated for Chomobyl victims. FINAL REGISTRATION: 35 Days Before Departure But corruption at this level is a far cry is the author of three books on the from the invention of a health crisis that Chomobyl accident and its conse­ ONLY relates to the Chomobyl disaster. quences and numerous scholarly arti­ The accusation of sensationalism in cles. A final version of this article has FLY $650.00 TAX INCLUDED the media is plausible. However, it may been accepted for publication in the $375.00 ONEWAY have occurred partly as a result of lack journal Post-Soviet Geography, which of official information from prominent holds the copyright to it. The footnotes "A/R UKRAINE' May 1 — June 20 scientists, official health bodies, and have been excluded from this version, even scientific conferences that were not but are available from the author on request (Department of History, prepared to divulge their conclusions to University of Alberta, Edmonton, the press. In short, the radiophobia owed Canada T6G 2H4). 25 LB FOOD PARCEL TO UKRAINE as much to official secrecy as to the mis­ representation of the situation by jour­ $19.95 Introductory Price 111/2 Kilos (over 25 lbs)! nalists. Free delivery In I. Frankivsk., ORCHESTRA DZVIN FLOUR 5 KILO Moreover, there has also been a reluc­ RICE 2 " Lviv, Ternopil. Lowest cost tance of some scientists to attribute any 5202 Juneau, St. Leonard, Quebec food parcel delivery. Order illness, however closely associated with Canada HIS 1J4 SUGAR 2 " Tino Papa Adrian Alboschy by mailing your address and the effects of increased radiation, direct­ Tel. (514) 374-6632 (914) 496-6498 OIL 1 " ly to Chomobyl. This often can be MARGARINE 1/2 " that of your relatives along applied to those who have studied the HAM 1/2 •• with check/ Money Order to: COFFEE 250 g UKRAINE MARKETING CO. CHOCOLATE 100 g PC Box 0553 BAKING POWDER 100 g Y0RKT0WNHTS,NY Need a back issue? 10S9&O553 TEA 100g !f you'd like to obtain a back issue of The Ukrainian Weekly, send Tel: (914)962-6843 $2 per copy (first-class postage included) to : Administration, The Ukrainian Weekly, 30 Montgomery St., Jersey City, NJ 07302. HURYN MEMORIALS For the finest in custom made memorials installed in all cemeteries in the New York Metropolitan area including Holy Spirit in Hamptonburgh, N.Y., St. Andrew's in South Bound Brook, NJ., Pine Bush in Kerhonkson and Glen Spey Cemetery, Glen Spey.

We offer personal service and guidance in your home. For a bilingual representative call: ^ PACKAGE and FOOD Parcel Service ^ ZAKARPATSKA, IVANO-FRANKIVSKA HURYN MEMORIALS LVIVSKA and CHERNIVCY OBLAST P.O. Box 121 ENGELMAN Grocery RAHWAY Travel Steven Musey Hamptonburgh, N.Y. 10916 Brooklyn, NY Rahway, NJ Milleville, NJ Tel. (914) 427-2684 718 436-9709 908 381-8800 609 825-7665 Fax (914) 427-5443 AUTHORIZED AGENTS 16 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

Treasury Department... (Continued from page 5) Y Kruchowy» 45 GcUai^ Avenue, New Hyde Park, NY11040-2014^^^ (Continued from page 20) minor insurance activities, then it could Prychyna band. For more information, ІЗ DIMENSIONAL DISPLAYS • ADVERTISING be allowed a choice of paying tax on call: (312) 489-4396, or (708) \ insurance income or converting to a 0430. A pretournament welcome and domestic fraternal society without insur­ hospitality party will be held Friday, ance activities. May 21 at the USCAK Clubhouse, KOBASNIUK TRAVEL INC. ,^-^ , The Treasury Department commented 2353 W. Chicago Ave., starting at 8 that FBS insurance activities are income- p.m. 157 Second Avenue, New York, NY. 10003 ll^ll // producing and similar in nature and Sunday, May 22 scope to that provided by taxable com­ (212) 254-8779 — (800) 535-5587 ' Established 1920 mercial insurers. CHICAGO: The Committee of The Department of the Treasury noted Ukrainian Women's Organization of that a comparison of the rate of suфlus Chicago invites the public to an evening of poetry by Daria SPECIAL AIR FARES TO UKRAINE accumulation and level of accumulated Melnykovych, who has recently com­ NEW YORK/KYYIV/NEW YORK surplus of FBS with that of large mutual pleted a successful six-month literary life insurers suggests that the rate and ROUND TRIP tour of Ukraine. The event will be held level of surplus accumulation by FBS at Ss. Volodymyr and Olha Ukrainian From $595.00 May 1 - June 20, 1993 are significantly greater than for mutual Church Hall, Oakley and Superior companies. These additional assets streets, starting at 6 p.m. Tickets: $5. From $700.00 June 21 - Sept. 19, 1993 reduce the risk of insolvency for frater­ For further information, call (312) 384- Add $21.00 Taxes. Fare Restrictions Apply nal benefit societies. 2628. Sunday, May 23 Professional Servises for: . ORDER NEW CLIFTON, N.J.: Ukrainian American Groups, Business & Individuals \ VIDEO TAPES Veterans Post 17 of Passaic, N.J., will /• KARPATRSKI ZIRKY be celebrating their 30th installation No. 7784 dinner-dance, at the Mountainside Inn, • VATRA GROUP LVIV 509 Hazel St., 1-5 p.m., with music by No. 7785 Donald Warren. Donations: $22 per person. For tickets, call Michael UKRAINIAN • KARPATSKI AKVAREU No. 7786 Wengryn, (201) 779-4796. DANCE CAMP & WORKSHOP 1993 • POCHORON CHICAGO: The art works of Olha PATRIARCHA No. 7787 Antonenko of Kyyiv, who has been Roma Pryma Bohachevsky, Director • 1 RICHNYCYA chosen to participate in the Mural at Verkhovyna, Glen Spey, NY. NEZALEZNOSTI Project at the International Terminal oif June 27th-July 17th UKRAINYNo. 1992 Chicago O'Hare Airport, will be on Workshop for advanced dancers age 15 and up • CASSETTES from exhibit at the Ukrainian Institute of August 8th - August 21st UKRAINE Modern Art, 2320 W. Chicago Ave., • 6 RECORDS ONLY $19.00 with an opening reception May 23, Beginners & intermediate age 8-16 Write for free catalogue. noon-4 p.m. The exhibit, featuring Applications accepted till JUNE 15th. Write or call: paintings, watercolors and silkscreens, APON RECORD COMPANY runs through June 13. Ms. Antonenko, ROMA PRYMA BOHACHEVSKY P.O. Box 3082 Steinway winner of a national mural art contest in bng Island City, N.Y. 11103 Ukraine, is affiliated, since 1987, with 523 East 14th Street, Apt. 3B, New York, N.Y. 10009. Tel.: (718) 721-5599 Tel.: (212) 677-7187 the Monumental and Decorative Art Studio. As member of the Young Artists Association, she has exhibited in Ukraine and abroad. Ms. Antonenko will be working on her mural in Chicago May 11-27. The completed work will be permanently displayed at O'Hare International Aiфort.

SAN DIEGO: The House of Ukraine, СОЮЗІВКА which is a member of The House of Pacific Relations, International Cottages, located in Balboa Park, will participate in the annual ethnic food fair. The 32 member nations will be selling their specialties from 10 a.m. to SOYUZIVKA 5 p.m. In addition, Ukrainian art dis­ plays and embroideries will be high­ lighted in the Ukrainian cottage located in the center of Balboa Park. For further information, call (619) 232-2437 or SUMMER 1993 AT SOYUZIVKA (619)487-9276. Come spend your summer with us and enjoy... Monday, May 24

Standard & Deluxe Accommodations WASHINGTON: Kennan Institute For Advanced Russian Studies is holding, Fine Ukrainian & American Cuisine as part of its meetings, a noon discus­ Ukrainian Entertqinment, Ukrainian Gift Shop sion, co-sponsored by the Radio Free Olympic Size Swimming Pool, Tennis & Volleyball Courts, Children's Playground Europe/Radio Liberty Research Institute, Munich, featuring Bohdan Soyuzivka's Famous Hutzul Night, Steak Night & Sing — A — Long Night Nahaylo, assistant director, Analytic Spectacular View of the Catskills, Hiking Trails, Horseback Riding Nearby Research Department, RFE/RL And More... Research Institute, Munich, who will speak on the topic — "Ukraine: CAREFREE DAYS... Problems and Prospects," to be held in the library (third floor) of the Woodrow Wilson Center, 1000 Jefferson Drive UKRAINIAN NIGHTS... SW.

NOWHERE ELSE IN THE WORLD.,. Correction ЇЛ the "Preview of Events" section of May 2, the fund-raising dance featuring the Kashtan Ukrainian Dance UNA Estate Ensemble, is being held Ma/ 15 in Parma, Ohio, was incorrectly listed as Foordmore Rd, being sponsored by St. Vladimir's Groups Welcome. Please coi! for information. Kerhonkson, NY 12446 Ukrainian Orthodox Cathedral. The UNA Members enjoy a 10% discount. (914) 626-5641 event's actual sponsor is Kashcan; the Ask about our discounted dates. FAX (914) 626-2938 dance is being held at the Cathedral Hall.^ ^ ' J • . , ' iS;ZSSSS[uSi^»iMimnij..._i i'f '^" 'II 5^ші ._.__ S ^k^^ No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 17

where the socialists had just laid Socialists... wreaths. They were greeted with shouts (Continued from page 1) of "Glory to Ukraine" from pedestrians The Source for Ukrainian who flashed the sign of the trident. Books - Music - Videos - Language tapes called for the election of Borys Oliynyk Some of the marchers chanted: "We Call us Today for your free copy of the as president of a Soviet Ukraine. (Mr. want an independent, sovereign, nuclear Oliynyk, a member of the Ukrainian Ukraine," as they gathered at Yevshan Music & Book Catalog 1993 Writers Union, was recently elected a Independence Square for their two-hour 1-800-265-9858 (USA & Canada) deputy from Zaporizhzhia; he is known meeting. It was here that, after the coup for his pro-Russian and strong pro- in 1991, the national democrats demand­ Yevshan Corporation Communist views.) ed the removal of the Lenin statue, Box 325, Beaconsfield, Quebec, Canada H9W 5T8 After speeches, "Soviet victory which was dismantled in September music" blared from the loudspeakers, as 1991. f eople lined up in columns to march The democratic forces gathered on to tiie only remaining Lenin monument May Day included representatives from in Kyyiv, at the foot of Taras more than 15 political parties and orga­ HARVARD UKRAINIAN SUMMER INSTITUTE Shevchenko Boulevard. (It is considered nizations. June 28 . August 20, 1993 an architectural landmark and will not be "The difference between a removed.) Communist and an anti-Communist is The Harvard Ukrainian Summer Institute is a rigorous eight- The socialists, carrying portraits of this," said Simon Mirkun, the press sec­ Lenin (there was even one placard with retary of the Social-Democratic Party, week academic program organized by the Harvard University Stalin's portrait) and carrying signs call­ "A Communist has read Lenin; an anti- Summer School and Ukrainian Research Institute. Accredited ing for the rebirth of the Communist Communist understands what he has imiversity instruction in Ukrainian Studies is supplemented by a Party of Ukraine, marched almost two read." calendar of special events. kilometers to the statue of Lenin, led by In this city of 3 million residents, the the chairman of the Socialist Party, 5,000 or so who came out to demonstrate Oleksander Moroz, who is also a deputy represent just a small fraction of a popu­ The following courses will be offered in 1993: in the current Parliament. lation that has traditionally marked May Although the militia in Kyyiv Day with parades and parties. While the Ukrainian Language Courses (8 credits each) increased its forces by 2,000 as a precau­ socialists were gathering for their meet­ tion against any outbreak of violence ing, others were waiting for buses out of • Beginning Ukrainian between the ultra-left and the ultra-right the city, to their gardens and dachas. • Intermediate Ukrainian I groups in today's Ukraine, the socialists "Normal people are planting potatoes • Intemiediate Ukrainian П were greeted on the Khreshchatyk by a today so they will have something to eat handful of citizens waving the blue-and- in the summer," remarked an elderly • Advanced Ukrainian yellow flag of independent Ukraine and man walking past the meeting. shouting "Shame on You." Ukrainian History, Literature <& Politics (4 credits each) Just after the close of this celebration, the national democratic forces, united • Ukrainian Modernist and Avant-Garde Literature under the banner of the Congress of NEW YORK Л^ • Politics of Contemporary Ukraine National Democratic Forces, held their • Ukraine in the Family of Rus' own march to Independence Square, KYYIV "''"®»*''"-"^«p- protesting today's economic situation Rd Trip from $ 650 and calling for new parliamentary elec­ Fees: The fee for up to 12 credits is $1,200. Students who tions and a trial of the leaders of the Groups from $600 demonstrate financial need may qualify for a further fee reduction Communist Party of Ukraine who Minimum of 10 passengers to $600. Room and board is available for $1,950. repressed Ukraine for decades. About 2,000 people showed up to support the LVIV Monday Dep. democrats and a presidential form of For further information and application forms, contact: government under the leadership of Mr. Rd Trip from $700 Harvard Ukrainian Summer Institute Kravchuk. Groups from 1583 Massachusetts Ave., Cambridge, MA 02138. Kozaks, dressed in 17th century uni­ $650 phone: (617) 495-7833, fax: (617) 495-8097 forms and carrying the blue-and-yellow miinimum of 15 passengers flag, led the demonstrators, who marched to the sounds of patriotic Kozak and military songs. Several women car­ • 1:/Л^ііЖ Sd ried a colorful banner that read: "You LOWEST TO UKRAINE will obtain a free Ukraine, or die in the & INDEPENDENT STATES battle for it." PARCELS TO UKRAINE Some shouted "Down with the idol," 212-213-1625 as they marched past the Lenin statue. 800-998-6116 Outside NY PARCELS - packages can be new or used clothing, food products, or household use items. Minimum weight 10 lbs. 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tion, and for the right to determine their referring to the 14 non-Russian nations Since there seems to be a consensus United States... future without external interference.' of the former USSR as "the others" or that there is no need for the 130 SS-19s, (Continued from page 6) The administration does not believe that "the rest" and treat each country as the it would be prudent for the Parliament to Russia's current government has violat­ independent state it is. He specifically ratify START I with an amendment stat­ for U.S. citizenship, it classifies a similar ed these pledges with respect to conflicts mentioned the importance of Ukraine to ing that the proceeds from the reprocess­ requirement by the Baltic nations as dis­ in the former USSR." In one short state­ the United States. ing of the highly enriched uranium be criminatory. ment. Ambassador Talbott denied that As U.S. officials are exposed to the returned directly to Ukraine and that • While Ukraine has laws second to Russian troops are at war with these sov­ imperial thinking of many individuals in Ukraine be provided a fair share of the none in the protection of the rights of ereign states. Russia, its policy will, no doubt, change. U.S. funds allocated for the destruction minorities and has had less ethnic vio­ While these incidents are frustrating, Ukraine, however, can take positive of missiles. lence in the past two years than New there is hope. During a meeting last sum­ steps to promote its own legitimacy. To That same consensus, however, does York City has in any single day, the U.S. mer with Rep. Richard Gephardt, major­ accomplish this task Ukraine needs to: not exist with regard to Ukraine's ratifi­ has criticized Ukraine's treatment of ity leader of the U.S. House of (1) develop a coherent political, econom­ cation of the NPT as a non-nuclear state. minorities. Representatives, to discuss the "Freedom ic and military strategy, (2) rapidly The combination of instability in Rus • During Strobe Talbott's confirma­ Support Act," I stressed that the aid enact economic reforms, and (3) develop Russia's continuing territorial demaiiv^o tion hearings before the U.S. Senate as should be for all the nations of the for­ a mechanism to promote Ukraine and its on Ukraine, and the activities of Russian an ambassador-at-large coordinating pol­ mer USSR and not solely for Russia. interests. The last step involves troops against sovereign states of the for­ icy toward the nations of the former That advice fell on deaf ears. increased staffing at its embassies, mer Soviet Union require that Ukraine USSR, he was asked: "Could you com­ Last month. Rep. Gephardt led a dele­ greater attention to the Western media, maintain the option of remaining a ment upon the usefulness or the danger gation of 16 congressmen to Kyyiv and more frequent visits of U.S. policy-mak­ nuclear state. Delay in consideration of in having Russian troops involved in Moscow. During their visit to Moscow, ers to Ukraine, and increased use of the the NPT is a prudent and defendable pol­ 'ethnic conflicts' within Moldova, the delegation met with Vice-President diaspora. icy at this time, especially in light of Georgia and Tajikistan?" Rutskoi. On the wall behind the Vice- A key element in Ukraine's develop­ U.S. unwillingness to guarantee Ambassador Talbott responded: President hung a giant picture of Tsar ment, of course, is its national security. Ukraine's security through a mutual "Russia has declared that it will abide by Peter the Great and a large map of the In this context, it is important that the defense treaty. the terms of the U.S. Charter and the USSR. Rep. Tom Lantos asked why Parliament consider the START and Ukraine's message to the United Helsinki Final Act. Moreover, Russia Vice-President Rutskoi would display a Nuclear Non-Proliteration treaties in States can be very simple. History has signed the Commonwealth of map of a country that not longer exists. terms of Ukraine's national security taught Ukraine that its security depends Independent States Charter earlier this Mr. Rutskoi responded that it shall again interests and not U.S. demands or, even, on its ability to defend itself — not on year, which pledged respect for the 'sov­ exist. threats. The first step in this process is the "good will" of its neighbors. When, ereignty of member-states, the inalien­ In his recent press conference. Rep. recognition that Ukraine is the owner of in 1918, Ukraine declared its indepen­ able right of peoples to self-determina­ Gephardt stated that the U.S. should stop all nuclear weapons stationed on its soil. dence as a neutral state without a mili­ tary, it was immediately invaded by tsarist, Bolshevik and German forces. Before it was all over, Ukraine was The Ukrainian Research Institute, Harvard University divided among Russia, Poland, Czecho­ announces the following new programs for 1993-1994: slovakia, Hungary and Romania. The people of Ukraine should keep in mind the slogan of Jews since the time of the Holocaust: "Never again." Woonsocket UKRAINIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE UKRAINIAN RESEARCH INSTITUTE (Continued from page 5) UKRAINE: MID-CAREER TRAINING FELLOWS Laba, Sharon Pryhoda and Helen Kylba, PROGRAM advisors. HISTORICAL LEGACY, CURRENT Mr. Chudolij thanked the active dis­ TRENDS, FUTURE PROSPECTS For Academic Year 1993-1994 trict organizers for their improved orga­ nizing for 1992 which resulted in their An Intensive Summer Seminar The Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University achieving 75 percent of the district's has established a Mid-Career Training Fellows Program quota, while increasing total insurance August 1 - 6, 1993 to provide specialists from the public and private sectors sold by 80 percent over the previous with an opportunity to develop or enhance their year with an average of almost $11,000 The Ukrainian Research Institute at Harvard University expertise in Ukrainian affairs. The Program is intended worth of insurance per new member. announces its first week-long Summer Seminar on for U.S. and foreign government officials, Woonsocket ranked seventh among all Ukraine. Intended for specialists in government service, representatives of international organizations and the UNA districts. As in previous years, Mr. businessmen, journalists, and others with a professional corporate world of business and finance, journalists, and Chudolij congratulated the district's ace or personal interest in Ukraine, the Summer Seminar other professionals with a need to gain familiarity with organizer, Mr. Hardink, for his continu­ aims to provide a short but intensive orientation in Ukraine. ing excellence in having organized 10 Ukrainian affairs from a variety of perspectives. new policies in 1992. Lectures and panel discussions will cover such topics The Mid-Career Training Fellows Program offers: The meeting was adjourned at 3:30 as: p.m. following which the members • a course of individual study accommodated to enjoyed snacks and refreshments pre­ • physical and human geography of Ukraine personal needs pared by Mrs. Hardink and Mrs. • historical and cultural heritage • consultations with leading scholars in Ukrainian Sarachmon. • politics of transition from Soviet dependency to fields national sovereignty • admission to seminars, conferences, workshops and • environmental, social, and ethnic issues discussion groups at the Ukrainian Research Popadiuk... Institute and elsewhere at Harvard University • prospects for economic reform and doing business in (Continued from page 3) Ukraine • library privileges and access to Harvard's unique • military affairs and the problem of nuclear weapons information resources • study space States, we want to know what is happen­ in Ukraine ing in Ukraine. But often 70-80 percent • Ukraine's emerging place in the new world order of the time [is spent] talking about Fellows may make arrangements with the teaching Russia. I would advise you to carry out faculty to audit courses on a non-credit basis ( if your own policy," An optional mini-course in Ukrainian will provide a academic credit is desired, registration through the Mr. Popadiuk said estimates of practical introduction to the language. Two sections are Special Students' Office is necessary). Although access American aid required for Ukraine's planned-one for total beginners and one for those with to language classes is generally not allowed to non- nuclear disarmament have ranged from some familiarity with Ukrainian or another Slavic tuition paying fellows, the Institute will assist with language. $174 million to $3 billion (U.S.); the lat­ arrangements for private tutoring in Ukrainian at any ter was cited by President Leonid level and degree of intensity. A program of films and cultural events will supplement Kravchuk last September, and the former the academic schedule. Representatives of Ukraine's was recently noted by Yuriy Kostenko, The term of stay will ordinarily be one semester or a chairman of the Parliamentary diplomatic corps and the US foreign poHcy community full academic year, but arrangements can be made for will be featured speakers at Seminar dinners. Committee on START. longer or shorter periods of residence. Asked about the promised economic aid of $2 billion (U.S.), Ambassador For further information and application forms for either program, please contact: Popadiuk said the purpose of such aid would be to stabilize Ukrainian curren­ Dr. Lubomyr Hajda, Associate Director, cy, but the proposal for this amount will Harvard Ukrainian Research Institute not be submitted to the U.S. Congress 1583 Massachusetts Ave. - Cambridge, MA 02138 until Ukraine introduces its own curren­ phone: (617) 495-4053 - fax: (617) 495-8097. cy and reaches an agreement with the International Monetary Fund. No. 19 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 19

UKRAINIAN SENIORS' CENTRE 30 Notre Dame, Sudbury, Ontario P3C 5K2 Ukrainian crossword (705) 673-7404 by Tamara Stadnychenko The Ukrainian Seniors' Centre in Sudbury meets needs of older adults promoting their well- being and then involvement in cultural, recreational, charitable and building programs. PROGIUMME COORDINATOR You will coordinate, supervise and develop programs, publish monthly newsletter, supervise personnel and fundraise. Qualifications include University degree or Community college certification in Gerontology/Recreation or equal experiance and exellent communication skill in Ukrainian and English. Forward Resume to Ukrainian Seniors' Centre 30 Notre Dame Ave., Sudbury Ontario, P3C 5K2 ByiVlay31/93

Ktiarkiv State Ui^iversity invites interested individuals / students with intermediate knowledge of Ukrainian to participate in a three week UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE COURSE July 5-23, 1993 an additional week of excursions (July 24-August 1) ALL INCLUSIVE PRICE: $1,300 (round trip air fare, tuition, excursion, accommodations, meals) D and some deserts For information call: Prof. Lydia Tarnavsky (518) 785-5068 or 783-2553 days Across Down (518) 463-5100 evenings 1. Boys' choir from Lviv. 2. Actress Sandra. 4. Dumb extinct bird. 3. South central African desert. 9. KingofHalych. 4. Ukrainians not in Ukraine. 10. They revolted against and killed Ihor 5. Western Ukrainian river. The Board of Directors of the in 945. 6. Anti-government activist. Ukrainian Institute of America 12. Leader of the Opryshky, he is some­ 7. Askold's brother. requests the pleasure of your company at the times called the Ukrainian Robin 8. Coal mining region in Ukraine. Hood. 9. Helsinki Commission staffer Orest. INSTITUTE'S FORTY-FIFTH ANNIVERSARY 13. UNA president. 11. NYT journalist who tried to cover CELEBRATION 14. Doted on. up the famine. 15. Ukrainian state choir. 12. Pipes (mus. inst.) with guest of honor 17. Callas, Krushelnytska, or Tabaldi. 16. Doctor. Chairman, Foreign Relations Committee, the Parliament of 18. White Russian general. 17. Other half of DP. Ukraine 22. Hetman Petro (1666-1676) 19. Director of the Prometheus Chorus. 24. Actress Doris. 20. Rukh leader who was president of DMYTRO PAVLYCHKO 25. Morozov's Ministry. Ukrainian Writers Union. 27. Kyyiv soccer team and stadium. 21. River in eastern Ukraine. who will speak on the subject of 28. Half of DP. 22. Pagan god. ''International Challenges Confronting Ukraine Today'' 29. Mongolian desert. 23. Dentist. 30. Dzyuba. 25. Party food. The Plaza 31. Kyyiv publishing house founded in 26. Artist Naumko. Fifth Avenue & 59th Street New York City 1907. 27. Plate. Sunday May 16, 1993 32. North African desert. 12:30 p.m, — Reception — Grand Ballroom Foyer 1:30 p.m. — Luncheon and Program ~ Grand Ballroom political parties and human rights Newsbhefs... activists. The society's president, Les Donation— $ 100per person (Continued from page 2) Taniuk, addressed the attendees and underscored three points that are indica­ For tickets and information please call the Institute at on April 23 stating that its members are tive of the current political situation in (212) 288-8660 or Ms. UlanaKebalo at (718) 544-2069. increasingly becoming victims of politi­ Ukraine: revival of neo-imperialistic, cal terrorism by organized criminal ele­ pro-Communist tendencies; a weakening ments within the organs of government of democratic forces caused by internal whom Rukh seeks to expose. The dissension and from harassment by non- Committee in Defense of John democratic forces; and the impoverish­ Foundation in Support of Diplomatic Demjanjuk in Kyyiv reported that in ment of the people and the decline of November 1992, Oleksander Fedko, the Missions of Ukraine inc. cordially invites you social protection as a result of rule by Rukh district head of Sverdlovsk in the Luhanske Oblast, and the Democratic elements not interested in democratic to attend a irty leader of the oblast, Volodymyr reforms. Calling on Ukrainians to work ifukhno, were mysteriously killed. In together, he also said, "It will be too late Fashion Show of both instances, the investigations ended if we find unity while in a 'Stolypin car' inconclusively and the murderers were hauling Ukraine to the gulag." Mr. designer Eugenia Trisica not found. In the last several months, Taniuk, who is also a member of the Rukh activists in the oblasts of Supreme Council, was re-elected presi­ models will be presented by: Lada Lysniak, Ula Kekish, Khmelnytsky, Zaporizhzhia and dent of the organization by the dele­ Larysa Krupa, Olena Nowycka, Wala Charenko , Kalyna Cholhan ^ Cherkassy have also been brutally mur­ gates.(Respublika) dered. The lack of action on the part of Musical Interlude by: Crimeans queried about statehood the police in investigating the crimes is Kalyna Cholhan mezzo-soprano, Larysa Krupa — piano, inexcusable, according to the Rukh state­ • SEVASTOPIL — Queried by a pub­ ment, and has resulted in an increase of Jury Charenko — violin, Oksana Krowycka — soprano lic research firm on how they would vote violence and terrorism associated with on independence, more than 50 percent organized criminal activities. Master of ceremonies of Crimean respondents said they would (Respublika) Larysa Lysniak performance at support it. The question was framed, "If Ukrainian Institute of America Memorial Society holds convention a referendum were held today asking, 'Are you for an independent Crimea in a 2 East 79th Street, New York City •KYYIV — The Memorial Society union with other countries?'" The per­ May 15,1993 at 3p.m. and 7p.m. held its third convention here on April centages broke down like this: 50.8 per­ Admission $20; for students $10 24, attracting 283 delegates from 19 cent — for; 11.9 percent — against; 19.1 all donations (profit) for Ukrainian Embassies oblasts, among them members of percent — "wouldn't vote"; 17.1 percent Parliament, the diplomatic corps, various — "tough to say." (Respublika) ; , 20 THE UKRAINIAN WEEKLY SUNDAY, MAY 9, 1993 No. 19

Sunday, May 9 Ukraine, who, having sustained burns over 60 percent of her body in an accident NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Academy PREVIEW OF EVENTS when she was 3, is in need of plastic of Arts and Sciences in the U.S. invites no; Ms. Krupa, pianist; Yuriy Kharenko, BOSTON: The Ukrainian Professional surgery. Since the accident, Vika has lost the public to a conference on the topic violinist; and Oksana Krovytska, soprano. Association of Boston is holding a panel her mother to cancer and is now an "The Ukrainian Epistolary Legacy in Mistress of ceremonies is Laryssa discussion on "Organizing In Aid of офЬап. Proceeds from the dinner will go America's Archives, " which is being held Lysniak. Admission: $20; students, $10. Ukraine," with panelists: Alex Kuzma, to Vika's care account, which has been set on the occasion of the publication of the Children of Chornobyl Relief Fund; up by the United Ukrainian American third volume of the series "Sources on WASHINGTON: The Taras Shevchenko Corlette McCoy, Massachusetts-Ukraine Relief Committee. The dinner will be held Modern Ukrainian History." Featured School of Ukrainian Studies invites the Citizens Bridge; and Tania Vitvitsky, in the parish hall, Mansfield Boulevard, speakers are: Yuriy Shevelov, Marta public to a graduation dance during which Sabre Foundation; to be held at the John 11 a.m.-5 p.m. Tickets: adults, $5; chil­ Skorupska and Bohdan Struminsky. The the school's newest graduates will be pre­ Hancock Conference Center, 40 Trinity dren, age 3-12, $2.50; toddlers, free. For conference will be held at the UVAN sented. The dance will be held at St. Place, at 4 p.m. Admission: members, more information, contact Connie building, 206 W. 100 St., at 2 p.m. For Andrew's Ukrainian Orthodox Church, free; non-members, $5. Refreshments will Markiw, (412)221-5045. additional information, call (212) 222- 15100 New Hampshire Ave., Silver be served. For further information, contact 1866. Spring, Md., and begins at 8 p.m. Ksenia Kozak, (617) 242-3918. Saturday, May 21-22 Admission: $15; students, $10. For fur­ CHICAGO: The Lions Ukrainian Saturday, May 15 ther information, call Zirka Harabatch, NEW YORK: The Ukrainian Institute of American Sports Club of Chicago will (301) 916-0978 after 6 p.m. America will celebrate its 45th anniver­ NEW YORK: The Foundation in host the 35th Ukrainian volleyball cham­ sary with a luncheon banquet at the Plaza pionships of USCAK, to be held at the Support of Diplomatic Missions of Sunday, May 16 Hotel, with Dmytro Pavlychko, Chairman Ukraine invites the public to a fashion REC-PLEX Sports Facility, 420 W. of the Foreign Relations Committee of the Dempster, in Mount Prospect, 111. Starting show cum concert program to benefit the NEW YORK: The Verkhovynky Plast Parliament of Ukraine, as keynote speak­ matches begin at 8:30 a.m.; semifinals and Ukrainian Embassy and U.S. consulates sorority, in commemoration of the seventh er. Tickets for the banquet, at $100 per fund, to be held at the Ukrainian Institute anniversary of the Chornobyl disaster, finals are scheduled to begin at 2 p.m. and person, may be obtained by calling the 3 p.m. respectively. The traditional of America, 2 E. 79th St., at 3 p.m. and invite the public to a concert of songs by institute, (212) 288-8660. once again at 7 p.m. Modelling fashions Olha Bohomoletz of Ukraine, who will award's banquet and dance will be held at by Evhenia Triska will be Lada Lysniak, perform her compositions to the words of St. Joseph's Ukrainian Catholic Church, CARNEGIE, Pa.: The senior chapter of 5000 N. Cumberland, Chicago, with cock­ Uliana Kekish, Laryssa Krupa, Olena Teliha, Kostenko, Lesiv, Krasivsky, the Ukrainian Orthodox League of Ss. Novytska, Valia Kharenko and Kalyna Sverstiuk and Stus, among others, to be tails starting at 6:30 p.m. The dance Peter and Paul Ukrainian Orthodox G.C. begins at 9 p.m., with music by the Cholhan. Taking part in the musical pro­ held at the Shevchenko Scientific Society, Church is holding a fund-raising dinner gram will be Ms. Cholhan, mezzo-sopra- 63 Fourth Ave., at 2 p.m. for 6-year-old Vika Kurshyna from (Continued on page 16) Our Life... (Continued from page 4) was also seated at the dais. Following the dinner, a member of the current editorial board, Olha Rudensky, СОЮЗ.ІЄКА gave a brief outline of the magazine's history, from the days of Klavdia Olesnytsky (1943-1946), its first editor, through those of Olena Lotocka (1946- 1951), Ms. Burachynska, Ulana Liubovych-Starosolska (1972-1984, SOYUZIVKA 1987-1990), Olha Liskiwsky (1985- 1986), and finally, Iryna Chaban (since 1990). Originally a bilingual (Ukrainian- Spring is in the Air..... English) newspaper-format insert in the Philadelphia-based Ameryka, Nashe Come Celebrate the Opening of Zhyttia/Our Life grew to become a monthly magazine with articles on the SOYUZIVKA'S UNWLA's activities, the women's movement, home economics, the arts. 40th FunHUed Season The magazine's editorial offices were moved from Philadelphia to New York MEMORIAL DAY WEEKEND — MAY 28-31,1993 in 1974, at the outset of Ms. Starosolska's editorship, when the Enjoy the LOWEST rates of the season!!! UNWLA executive also moved its head­ quarters to Manhattan. STANDARD ROOMS DELUXE ROOMS Marta Baczynsky, who also spoke $50.00 per person* later during the proceedings, has been $60.00 per person* the editor of the English language sec­ Per night, Double Occupancy Per night, Double Occupancy tion since 1973. Until 1973, the section was edited by a committee. Circulation **Includes All Taxes, Gratulities & Meals.** in the 1970s and 1980s was about 4,600, and according to the current editor, Ms. FRIDAY, MAY 28th You've heard about it... now experience it!! Chaban, it has remained fairly steady. Back by popular demand SOYUZiVKA's During her address, Ms. Chaban also noted with some emotion how gratifying Dance Under the Stars!!! KARAOKE NIGHT it was to be the magazine's editor at this point in Ukraine's history. She thanked SATURDAY, MAY 29th There's no ZABAVA without the music of... her staff and UNWLA past president Mrs. Rozankowsky for their valuabl TEMPO support and assistance. Ms. Rozankowsky reminisced about Dance Under the Stars!!! Direct from Kyyiv..... But LIVE at SOYUZIVKA... 1950, when a UNWLA congress decided SUNDAY, MAY 30th to change Nashe Zhyttia to a magazine- FATA MORGANA format publication. She also mentioned that Ukrainian journalists and writers of **Outside Guests Daily Admission $5 per person. Weekend Pass $10 per person. Free Parking.** both genders have graced the periodical with their works. Play all Day and Dance all Night Posters of photos of editors and vari­ ous covers throughout the years, pre­ SOYUZIVKA'S NEW Olympic Sized Swimming Pool WILL BE OPEN!! pared by Natalka Duma, hung on the walls of the hall. Swim if you dare!!! Get a head start on that summer tan!! The artistic segment of the banquet included Oleksander Kmeta, who read Play BEACH volleyball, Tennis, Softball, SOYUZiVKA's own Late Night Veranda-ball. "Instruktsiya," a satirical vignette of Ukrainian community life penned by the Hike, Bike OR just RELAX and spectate!! But BE THERE! late Edward Kozak (Eko); Mykhailo and Olia Stetsyshyn sang a duet accom­ See Old Friends, Meet New Friends! panied by bandura and kobza; and the performers of Lydia Krushelnytsky's CALL NOW FOR RESERVATIONS (914) 626-5641. Drama Studio, staged a reading of a poem by Lesia Ukrainka.