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A Study on Development of Administration Under Last Nawab with Special Reference to Princely State of Bhopal Dr.Prasanta Kumar M

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A Study on Development of Administration Under Last Nawab with Special Reference to Princely State of Bhopal Dr.Prasanta Kumar M International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 8 Issue 11, November- 2018 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | A study on Development of Administration under last Nawab with special reference to Princely State of Bhopal Dr.Prasanta Kumar Mandal Introduction Bhopal was formerly a part of Bhopal princely state, which was founded in 1723 by Dōst Moḥammad Khan, an Afghan adventurer, and was the second largest Muslim principality of the British Empire. The Bhopal Agency, created in 1818, was a subdivision of the British Central India Agency and comprised the princely states of Bhopal, Rajgarh, Narsinghgarh, and several others. Bhopal was constituted a municipality in 1903. At India’s independence in 1947, Bhopal remained a separate province until 1949, when it acceded to India. In 1952 the nawab’s absolute rule was abolished, and a chief commissioner’s state was established. It merged with Madhya Pradesh in 1956, and Bhopal replaced Nagpur as the state capital. Bhopal is known as the “city of lakes”; its name is a derivation of Bhoj Tal (“Bhoj’s Lake”), a lake constructed by Bhoj, a Hindu raja, in the 11th century. Today that lake is the Upper Bhopal Lake (Bada Talab), which is connected to the Lower Bhopal Lake (Chhota Talab) by an aqueduct. The lakes supply drinking water and are used for recreation. Around the lakes are several palaces and a fort dating from about 1728. Bhopal has several mosques, including the 19th-century Taj-ul-Masjid, the largest mosque in India. A three-day religious pilgrimage is held at the mosque annually, which attracts Muslim pilgrims from all parts of India. Other significant attractions in and around Bhopal include Fatehgarh Fort; Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh, is still recognized as the city of Nawabs. Here the Nawabs ruled and their sultanate was quite loyal to the British. The princely state was founded in 1723-24 AD by the warrior friend Mohammad Khan of Aurangzeb's army, conquering Sehore, Ashta, Khilchipur and Ginnor. After the death of friend Mohammad Khan in 1728 AD, his son Yar Mohammad Khan became the first Nawab of the princely state of Bhopal. When Nazar International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS) 38 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 8 Issue 11, November- 2018 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | Mohammad Khan was the Nawab in March 1818, the princely state of Bhopal became the 'Princely State' of the Indian British Empire under the Anglo Bhopal Treaty. Hamidullah Khan became the Nawab of the same princely state in 1926. This study examines the Last Nawab of Princely state of Bhopal. Hamidullah Khan, the last Nawab of the princely state of Bhopal, was born on September 9, 1894. Before this, girls were always born to all the Begums. Sultan Jahan Begum loved Hamidullah more from the beginning and used to involve him in the affairs of the princely state. Sultan Jahan made Hamidullah Khan the chief secretary of the princely state on 16 April 1916. Both his elder brothers were claiming for the succession of the princely state. Nawab Sultan Jahan Begum announced that during her lifetime, Hamedullah Khan was made the ruler of the princely state on 16 May 1926 and he became the ruler on 9 June 1926 AD. Hamidullah Khan, the last Nawab of the princely state of Bhopal, was named Sikandar Saulkat Iftekhar ul Mulk Bahadur Hamidullah Khan. He had achieved considerable training and was a skilled administrator. According to Ashar Kidwai, assistant professor of history department at Safia College, the court was in the Sadar Manzil on the day of Hamidullah Khan's coronation. On this occasion his mother Sultan Jahan Begum advised him to rule well. The advice was something like 'the head of which the Taj Shahi is kept, its advice becomes Mahdud'. Nawab Hamidullah Khan was active in the Khilafat Movement, studying in Aligarh Muslim University. Due to this, the British government was hindering the making of Hamidullah the Nawab. The then ruler Sultan Jahan Begum supported the royal family of Bhopal in his favor. To advocate for Hamidullah to be the Nawab, she went from Bhopal to England, where she built the Nawab through King George V. Hamidullah Khan was Chancellor of the Chamber of Princes from 1944 to 1947. Rajwada was also a party in those days. There were three sides. One was the British Government, the other party was the political party and the third party belonged to the Rajwados. Nawab Hamidullah used to work to create synergy between them. Because of this he was politically active. He had a strong presence in both the Congress and the Muslim League. International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS) 39 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 8 Issue 11, November- 2018 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | However, Sultan Jahan Begum did not like them to go with the Khilafat Movement. Despite this, he worked in the Khilafat Movement. Hamidullah was with Gandhiji at the first round table conference in this period. He took part in this from November 1930 to 31 in England. He became a pilot in 1944, holding a commercial license. They had their own planes which flew from Bhopal to Chiklod. He converted the Chiklod land, known as Chiklod Kothi, into a farm house after independence. He was the first Nawab who raised farming. He developed this form under the name of Firdos Farm. There was a runway where they carried their four or three seater plane. He was also involved in the Second World War. In North Africa, where the Allied Forces were fighting, the Nawabs were fighting on two fronts against Germany and Italy. His brothers' sons had made a case related to Jagir, which was fought by Motilal Nehru. Nawab Hamidullah was also Chancellor of Aligarh Muslim University from 1930 to 1935. Prior to this, his mother Sultan Jahan Begum was Chancellor from 1920 to 30. Historian Pooja Saxena says, the Nawab was born in Sultan Manzil which is next to the Sadar Manzil. It was named after him as Hameed Manzil. Nawab's elder brothers died of illness. In India those days the law was that the ruler in India would be the elder son's successor. So Begum had to place her case in the Privy Council, from where the case was rejected. Begum requested the King to make Hamidullah the Nawab. Pooja says that the Nawab was a very good polo player. He was often the winner of competitions in Delhi, Kolkata and Mumbai. There was a polo ground near Baghayat Afza in the city where he practiced. Marriage of Nawab The first marriage of Nawab Hameedullah Khan took place on December 6, 1905, at the age of 11, in Peshawar, to the daughter of Shehzada Humayun, Maimuna Sultan, who had 3 daughters. Abida Sultan who was married to Nawab Qurbai, Sajida Sultan who was married to Nawab Iftekhar Ali Khan Pataudi and Rabia Sultan who was previously married to Nawab's nephew International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences (IJRESS) 40 Email:- [email protected], http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) International Journal of Research in Economics and Social Sciences(IJRESS) Available online at: http://euroasiapub.org Vol. 8 Issue 11, November- 2018 ISSN(o): 2249-7382 | Impact Factor: 6.939 | Rashiduzzafar Khan, but then Aga Nadir Mirza. Nawab Hameedullah married for the second time in 1947 AD in Bhopal, with no children. Administration under Nawab Nawab Hameedullah Khan was a very educated and excellent ruler. On being the ruler, he made separate ministers of all departments. Electricity department was established in Bhopal in 1931 AD, match factory in 1934 AD and textile mill in 1937 AD and sugar factory in Sehore. Water supply pumps with electric power were installed at Karbala and Yacht Club. Card board factory, ground truck telephone station and airport at Bairagarh. Nawab Bhopal built Rahat Manzil in Ahmedabad, Chiklaud Kothi and Sufia Mosque in Ahmedabad itself. Nawab Saheb was also the Chancellor of Aligarh University from 1930 to 1947 AD. Nawab Hameed Ulla Khan had relations with the famous personalities of that time, Gandhiji, Jinnah, Sarojini Naidu, Nehruji, Dr. Ansari etc. Nawab Hameedullah Khan became the Chancellor of the Committee of the ruling princely states of India, called the Chamber of Princes, and in the same capacity attended the Round Table Conference held in London in 1930 AD and the Second Conference in 1931 AD. In 1947, the Nawab formed a nominated cabinet in which Raja Awadhanarayan Bisaria was the Prime Minister, K.F. Hyder Finance Minister, Muzaffar Ali Khan Food Minister, Saeed Ullah Khan Rajmi Health and Education Minister and Bhairon Prasad were made Public Works Minister. After the formation of this cabinet, in March 1948, Nawab Hameed Ullah announced a waiver of Malguzari with a view to giving Bhopal a separate princely form, which was strongly opposed and a new cabinet was formed. In October 1948, Nawab Hamidullah Khan went to Haj and gave the powers of governance to his select ministers. After the independence, in 1949, some politicians of the princely state of Bhopal started a movement to merge the princely state with the Indian rule.
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