Handbook of western palearctic ebook

Continue Khadiram Shirihai is Israel's chief ornithologist and author of books, including the acclaimed Sylvia Warblers and a complete guide to Antarctic wildlife. While his work, especially on tubenoses, has taken him to almost every corner of the globe, his love of deserts and migration means he can still be found in Eilat, a observation point led by the Red Sea that he brought to the world's attention almost every spring. The scientific name for the Tawny Owl Desert (Strix hadorami), a species that has attracted his attention and research since he was a schoolboy, honors his devotion to Middle Eastern ornithology. Lars Svensson's name can indeed be considered home among European ornithologists. His knowledge of Western Palearctic birds, both in the area and museum, is second to none, and has led to two bestsellers synonymous with his name: his bible for ringers, the Identification Guide to European , and a field guide to Western Palearctic Birds, universally known simply as the Collins Bird Guide. During extensive preparations for this book, his in-depth work gave brackets of previously undescribed subspecies. He lives in southern Sweden. Guide to Western Palearctic Birds Passers-by (2 volumes). Hadoram Shirihay and Lars SvenssonAfgan Bubbler Hattoni SalvadoriIV 1: Larks for Warblers; 648pp Volume 2: Flycatchers to Buntings; 623pp Total weight: 5.2kg (11.5lbs) Price: 150.00 euros, but there are discount offers, at 20% or more. Funny facts and general opinions: 18 years in preparation. Long called HWPB in pregnancy, it will continue so when (please don't if) Nepasterin volumes (ultimately?) appear. Voous Order follows, justified in a decent rationale that does not completely convince me, but it will resonate with many. It's a mostly conservative and cautious taxonomic approach, but sometimes very radical: either you like that it moves away from the IOC Gill and Donskord and BirdLife International in different ways, or you don't. However, reasonable arguments are made for their decisions, which means that we have an audit trail on which we can evaluate other taxonomic approaches. Typically, the sequence of explanations and justifications in two volumes is very high; most inconsistencies are probably due to the huge amount of data accumulated having to be winnowed to extract and complete texts and signatures. Mistakes are rare, insignificant and do not detract from huge achievements. Vocalizations in transcription forms. There will be an electronic version on sale August 27, but it will not contain audio files. However, publishers are considering a version with built-in sounds. The font in 3-column types of accounts is simple and not eye friendly, especially because it is a small and quite challenging task for us seniors. Caption even smaller than the text font, but proportionally thicker and somewhat easier to read. The layout of the page works well, the maps are usually clear, the image is standard stunning, and almost all the birds face on the left... I love this book, which is the first to overcome my aversion to photography only serious bird books without a work of art. Hadoram and Lars deserve the highest honors. My favorite image is the first in the types of account for the wire tail Swallow Hirundo smithii. Surprisingly detailed ID, aging and sexing, and biometric sections are desperate for an e-book version to be a practical application in this area for birders and callers alike. The only field use of the physical version would be to help short birders see through a tall telescope... If the photographers decide to form a HWPB Image-makers society, then the annual frown will be quite some party! I recognize a lot of names in the Photographic Recognition section, but it's great to see significant, high-quality contributions from citizens of many countries where previously visitors were mostly responsible for images becoming famous. Layout and Content (Volume 1: Volume 2 is located similarly, but illustrated by appropriate images) Confessions. It's worth taking the time to read the Confessions pages at the beginning of each volume. It is a salutary reminder of the help offered by so many people for so long in a tremendous collaborative effort. Introductory material headlines: Layout and book volume. The map of the Western Palearctic, as defined by the authors (It includes Iran) is clear, and their explanation is brief. The main criterion for including a view in the main section is at least 10 entries. There is an app that contains views with fewer than 10 entries. Taxonomium species. The authors tried a balanced approach to taxonom, but generally accepted a conservative viewpoint, while usually pointing out the findings that with further research may undo the views presented. They solve the complex issue of recognition of subspecies in much the same way. Some of their more radical solutions are mentioned below. Sequence. The sequence of Voous 1977 largely follows, acknowledging that it does not properly reflect the true relationship and evolutionary history of passers-by families. A comparison with Joel Craft's proposed sequence in Dickinson and Christidis 2014 is offered in a list of 18 pages later, while mentioning that the family reshuffle has since convinced HWPB authors to stay with a familiar order in which readers can more easily find families and births. I believe that the vast majority of ornithologists and serious birders under the age of a certain age will consider this conclusion chimera. However, it does not present anything like a serious problem, but be a fruitful topic of discussion Nomenclature: Scientific Names. They largely follow Svensson et al 2009 or Dickinson and Christidis 2014. Nomenclature: English names. They largely follow the IOC, but with some changes to well-known traditional names, but with a emphasis on using as few hyphens as possible. Photos. The short narration tells that the goal was that the photos were to illustrate how the images were tracked and obtained, lists some of the most important sources and contributors and refers to a separate list of photographers and credits - 3 pages, double column, fine print! Signature. Signatures are intentionally long enough to cover selected ID tips and key moments in the image. Maps of species accounts. Magnus Ullman has produced original maps that are very clear to understand and interpret, with the intended boundaries between species specified by the lines, patterned differently for different or combined subspecies, or indigenous species or subspecies, I think the key to the maps has a few errors. First, the second line of the key text correctly states: Breeding (rare, irregular or poorly known); the fourth line is identical, but should read: Breeding and wintering (rare, irregular or poorly known). Second, the seventh line of the key text saturates the Border of Different Species; Considering that the example of a map of one species, Rufus tailed Scrub Robin Cercotrichas galactotes that the line should read the boundary of various subspecies. Note that maps do not illustrate most species that reproduce extra-limitably in the Western Palearctic, but there are a few exceptions. The Tramp section that follows the main accounts of the species does not contain cards. Species accounts. Species accounts vary in length and number of images, depending on the number of points in the different categories that are important to cover in detail. Each species consists of nine parts: A brief introduction; Identification; Vocalization; Similar species; Aging and sex; Biometrics; Geographical differences and range; Links. In addition, if necessary, there is another part, notes Thomsonomical, as the penultimate part. The remaining sections in the introductory material are the glossary and abbreviations, and the chosen Herald as self-evident. Next is a 5-page short, illustrated essay, The Approach to The Mole and the Aging Birds in the Field, followed by a two-page list of common references, a one-page list of the families of passers-by: traditional and new order, and finally, on two pages, a brief presentation of the families of passers-by. There follow 603 pages of types of accounts before you start volume 2. HWPB and OSME Region Spoiler Alert! I can suggest the odd stun or two here, but for completely selfish reasons. In the introduction, much is made of the following political boundaries in determining palearctic (Sensu Shirihay and Svensson) to make an approach approach and by and large, it is successfully achieved, making the WP card not very different from what is accepted by the Dutch Avifauna System Committee (CSNA) WP List, nor from Mitchell 2017, but in a slightly different way. There is one serious departure from this premise, and it is, unfortunately, and as usual, the archipelago of Socotra, politically part of Yemen, omitted. The reasons are easy to understand, in that the archipelago of avifauna is regarded as largely African avifauna heavy. But is it? Only about 30 or so of the archipelago's 215 bird species, including migrants and rarities, are either endemic islands or are made up of species inhabited in Africa but not in the Arabian Peninsula. However, the reason I think this was a missed opportunity is that it was a great opportunity to highlight the endemism of Socotra biotopes for a much larger audience, because it deserves its Indian Ocean Galapagos sub-rocket from its almost untouched nature. Maybe some good will come from this understandable, if unfortunate decision, in that it represents a gap in the market for an enterprising publisher... The most important aspect, in my opinion, is that the osME region of species originating in the Middle East, Egypt, the Levant, Turkey Caucasus and Iran, covered in this book better than in any other. In addition, many species that breed outside the Western Palearctic in Central Asia but occur regularly or as vagrants in the OSME parts of the Western Palearctic are mostly covered by this standard. Now about the points and specific species of interest in HWPB in the OSME region. First, the choice of English names, where they require taxonomic changes, is mostly logical, although not always consistent with the previously agreed choice or my personal preferences. However, the changes themselves are of great interest, and some of them are discussed briefly in passing. Prior to that, I congratulate Osme abdulrahman al-Sirhan, a member of the OSME Council, not only for his significant photographic contribution, but also for having a name that appears first on the personal page of Confessions of Authors (Page 7, Volume 1). Selected types of accounts, in the same Voous sequence as in HWPB through Volumes 1 and 2. Arabic lark (Arabic Dunn in lark) Eremelauda eremodites As with BirdLife International (BLI), HWPB divides Arabic from the African population on allopatry and significant genetic differentiation. The latter remains Danna E. dunni's casket, but is far from the OSME region from western Sudan to the west. The texts of species accounts for both species contain some additional information that could settle the identifier of the only species of Eremelauda in Cyprus. The large short-legged Lark Calandrella brachydactyla complex HWPB treats dukhunensis as species, Mongolian short-footed lark (Sykes' or Eastern S-T L), further reduces the complex complex Short-toed lark C. humei separately (whose breeding range simply extends from the east to Afghanistan and perhaps sporadically in southeastern Iran) and by grouping eremica, blanfordi, erlangeri and daroodensis in Rufous-capped Lark C. eremica. These four dacts and others have been grouped differently, both in or out of the red-cap Lark C. cinerea complex since its previous separation from the then huge brachydactyla complex. Currently, the cinerea complex has generally agreed to occupy more southern African breeding sites. However, there is an example for pre-examining the results of Stervander et al 2016 on two types of four dacts above, 'Arab red-limited lark' C. eremica with extralimital (in the OSME region) ssp daroodensis (Somali) and extralymital Lark K. blanfordi Bluntford with s eslangeri (the latter seen as a species by some authorities). The text in HWPB really highlights the differences between the two pairs. Note that in the project 9.1 wet is proposed to turn Erlangeri into blanfordi. Returning to the Big Short Lark, only two of the three sspps have to be solved in the OSME region, brachydactyla and longipennis. The smaller short-toed lark Calandrella (Alaudala) rufescens complex HWPB refuses to accept Alaudala on the grounds that not all dachshunds (5spp, 21spp) relationships are known, given the remote areas they occupy. Clements (Cornell, IOC and BLI adopt opposite tactics: Alaudala accepted, And once the taxa relationship becomes better known, their lists will be adjusted accordingly. , the latter in leucophaea (Kazakhstan) included. Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula sensu lato for about ten years, most authorities aligned well enough with a split from Rock Martin. fuligula sensu lato in Pale Craig Martin. The advantage of the OSME region is that the Region has not recorded a single tacos covered by P. fuligula sensu stricto (all from Africa) and not V. tiredets, which is the most useful discrimination. Proposals had also previously been made for the further division of the African taxa referred to in the HWPB, but they were generally not agreed upon. However, recently, BLI has done hold such a split, but I think somewhat different from previous proposals, including the Big Rock Martin under a new guise of the name P. rufigula for species occupying the region of sub-Saharan Africa as far as South Africa and red-loaded Rock Martin. fuligula sensu stricto for species only in the southern part Given that HWPB has decided to stay with Rock Martin Ptyonoprogne fuligula sensu lato arrangement this means that HWPB is significantly different from those most recent estimates of southern and western African taxa. Unlike most other types of HWPB accounts, the Tessonomical Notes section for Rock Martin has a much less strong justification for this decision. Radde's Accentor Prunella ocularis (including fagani as ssp) HWPB celebrates wide allopaty (1750 km) between the nearest eye breeding and fagani, but they consider small morphological differences and modest genetic differences, since the discrepancies (0.19Mya) (despite probably a non-existent gene flow at that time) do not deserve to be recognized as separate species, citing Drovetski et al 2013. However, Drovetski et al 2013 actually offers as an option that, since the allopatic sspp black-throat Accentor P. atrogularis (atrogularis and Huttoni) show a similar scale of difference with the species P.ocularis and P.fagani, it can for the elevation of the former pair as a separate species. Indeed, the rationale behind The Drovetski et al 2013 approach was also accepted, I would have ventured, by those who created Basalt Wheatear Oenanthe warriae (qv) as a full-fledged species. My preference for allopatry here is to be considered a major factor because it keeps the taxon of a pair of ocularis'fagani and atrogularis'huttoni clearly in sight. HWPB also takes the same conservative approach to Azure-winged and Iberian Magpies (Cyanopica cyanus and C. cooki), none of which are included in the OSME regions list. Variable (Eastern Pied) Wheatear Oenanthe picata (3 sspp) HWPB is divided into three distinct species: Wheatear O. picata Gould's Wheatear O. capistrata Strickland's Wheatear O. opistholeuca (Black Belly Wheatear') Is a radical move, not so much as the split itself that was previously proposed, but because the summary of the ancillary reasons includes that it is quite unusual for geographically related subspecies to differ so distinctly like these three these three do. Occam's Razor was applied with pleasure, it seems, with a dash of zero hypothesis to win up competing hypotheses! However, it is reasonable there are several caveats concerning, for example, genetically unsustained populations in remote regions, which may well confirm Evgeny Panov's prediction of a hybrid capistrate x opistholeuca population. Mourning Wheatear Oenanthe lugens complex HWPB reduces O. lugens sensu stricto to two ssp, nominate and persica. Although there is evidence that persica in Iran is different enough to justify the status of a species like the Iranian Wheatear notes that the unclear similarities of the Syrian tribal population may consist of: only persica. Undescribed persica-like taxon. The population is intermediate between lugenes and peaches. HWPB examines the remaining taxa that have for decades been included in Wheatear's mourning in this way: a group consisting of Arab Wheatear O. lugentoides, Abyssinian Black Wheatear O. lugubris and Schalow in Wheatear O. schalowi (with 2sspp, nominate and vauriei); the latter two are extra-limit for both WP and OSME, although the Waurias in northeastern Somalia are only 340 km from the Socotra archipelago, the longest sea crossing is 95 km. This taxon is genetically close to lugenes, but there are other similar wheatear taxa pairs that are already considered as complete species, such as Pied and Cyprus Wheatears, O. pleschanka and O. cypriaca, because there are other characteristics given weight. Basalt Wheatear O. warriae, from a tiny, dark-substrate breeding zone located on the border between Jordan and Syria. Long considered the dark morphine of the Wheatear O. picata opistholeuca ('Black-bellied Wheatear'), followed by the mourning of Wheatear O. lugens lugentoides and more recently, as ssp O. lugens warriae, HWPB elevated it to full species status to maintain a consistent taxonoma with the genus Oenanthe. OSME takes a special pleasure in the aftermath because it is named after Effie Warr, who maintained with the quiet power of the successive taxonom osme Council since OSME began as the Ornithological Society of Turkey 50 years ago. The striped Scrub Warbler Scotocerca inquieta HWPB separated the population from the westernmost of Libya to Morocco and south to Mauritania as sugar scrub Warbler Scotocerca saharae. Its map shows that it is present in the oasis of Al-Jagub less than 10 km from the Egyptian border and less than 60 km from the Egyptian oasis of Siwa, and therefore probably occurred within the OSME region. Common Reed Warbler Acrocephalus scirpaceus HWPB takes a conservative line on Reed Warbler taxonom on understandable concern that much remains to be learned about the relationship between species populations that reach north-central Sweden in the north, southern Africa in the south, Portugal and Dakar in the west and eastern Mongolia to the east. However, HWPB on the issue of genetic differentiation and pedigree seems to rely on two relatively old references, Leisler et al 1997 and Helbig and Seibold 1999. The first suggests avicenniae ('Mangrove Reed Warbler' in osME Region List (ORL) and scirpaceus (Eurasian Reed Warbler) are the sister of a dact, recently evolved than baeticatus (African Reed Warbler). question, however, but they were not quoted in HWPB: Arbabi et al 2014a, 2014b and Olsson et al 2016. This is probably due to the fact that (I believe) the authors promised that, although relevant, the documents cover only a subset, if it is large, of the general population, whose affinity and the boundaries between d bails are unclear. These works relate to genetic research, but apply different molecular methods that were not available for Leisler et al 1997 and Helbig s Seibold 1999, and therefore have more weight in the analysis of taxa and pedigree. I prefer the idea that, since the conclusions of these instruments better determine the status and relationships of a large number of people, they should be part of the basis of how these dachshunds are dealt with. Olsson et al 2016 has also called for a full re-analysis of the cane warbling complex, and since unexplored, unexplored or poorly studied and selected populations are being investigated in the future, this framework can be changed as needed, possibly confirming splits or requiring lumps. Arbabi et al 2014a, 2014b discovered that avicenniae deviated from baeticatus 0.7Mya and concluded that it had basal scirpaceus and fuscus. Olsson et al 2016 found eight lines, indicative of a mysterious taxon, with the new taxon ambiguus of much of North Africa and southern Iberia (Ambiguous or Brehm's Reed Warbler) separated from the Sahel minor 0.53Mya. Olsson et al recognize that placing all taxa as a sspp of common Warbler Reed while the revaluation is being carried out will meet academic standards, but since there are at least 10 sspp on a wide range, I would say that creating a temporary position would have significant help for non-academics and eager birders, so keep so that the relevance to their field of interest is well in sight. Pavia et al 2018 recently discovered in southwestern Burkina Faso a population of A. baeticatus that was not described taxonomicly. They used a combination of DNA barcode analysis and malmhagen et al 2013 methodology in the analysis of wing morphology to establish subtle ID differences based on the new criteria, and suggest that this approach will help with the application of Reed Warbler A. scirpaceus sensu lato throughout the range. Nb. Subspecies they describe as guiersi Senegal is a minor IOC. Thick-billed Warbler Iduna aedon This species was once firmly enclosed in its own genus Phragamaticola, appeared in Acrocephalus in Sibley and Monroe 1990, returning to Phragamaticola under most authorities (but not necessarily in all bird books), then once the genus Hippolais settled in the true Hippolais and Iduna, this species, being difficult to accommodate, eventually placed in Idane Fregin et al 2009 , the circumstance described in this document as the most conservative option with which HWPB However, Fregin et al 2009 also stated: It would also be possible to exclude taxon-edon from this genus and place it in a monotypical phragamaticola on the grounds that its inclusion in this hoard is based on relatively little genetic evidence, and therefore not well-documented. While the use of the Conservative here may be well aligned with the usual taxonomic use, it can be easily argued that keeping the uncertain position of Taxon aedon prominently due to non-taxonomists interested in this form, the most conservative option would actually place it in Phragmaticola precisely for that reason. In addition, Fregin et al 2009 noted that the two species of the genus Chloropeta bear a close resemblance to the species of the genus Iduna and taxon edon, and so there are other aspects that should be puzzled before the edon's position becomes clearer. HWPB add as supporting information, Since inclusion in Iduna avoids the monotypical kind of preferable here, which begs the question that their opinion about other monotypical genera such as Hypocolius? I doubt that the intention of this statement is to treat monotypical childbirth as disgusting, but without the context it reads in this way. Finally, Phragamaticola is a junior synonym for Arundinax, under which it is listed in ORL. India's Pitta Pitta brachyura HWPB includes this species in the Tramps to the Region section in Volume 1, for the only long-distance appearance of this migrant (within the Indian subcontinent) in November 1968. At one time, the ORL also included it, but the Iran Bird Records Committee refused to accept it for the official Iran Birds Checklist because the captive origin could not be safely excluded, and so the record moved to the ORL Hypothetical List. caudata HWPB treat as having 4 sspp, emphasizing that although the vocal and morphological differentiation of Hattoni and salvadorii (Afghan Babbler)) from nominations and eclips have been known for some time, little additional data available to support the split, which is supported by the IOC and Clements, hence the ORL places of the Common and Afghan Babblers are not firmly known in the category .20). Great Tit Parus large HWPB complex divides this complex into 4 species groups, somewhat bolder than the IOC and very much than BirdLife International (BLI). Cinereous Tit P. cinereus in WP takes place on the ne Iran and NNE Iran border with Turkmenistan (interludes) and Afghanistan (disjunctly so) respectively according to their map, although the text states that the latter is extralimital. Turkestan Titus P. Boharensis is found in Iran along a similar border zone with Sineres Titus, but on a narrower, continuous front. Grand Titus P. Major Sensu stricto takes the remainder significant range throughout THE and beyond to the east. P. minor, Japanese tit, extra-limitial east of southern WP. Pendulin Titus Remiz pendulinus complex HWPB take a split on a separate black-headed pendulin Tit R. macrolex (breeds in WP in Iran, se Caspian and possibly on the border with southern Turkmenistan and in Kazakhstan west of the mouth of the Ural River, northern Caspian) and white-headed pendulin Tit R. coronatus (winter Iranian SE Caspian, along the border with Afghanistan and breeding in Iran, probably sympathetically with the southern Turkmen population of R. macronyx. Occupying extensive tropical and semitropical distributions in the Old World, a number of studies related to extralimital (in WP and in the OSME region) have begun to identify several over-the-top species or species-groups. It is unlikely that zoosterops in the OSME region differ in this regard. Indeed, Socotran White Eye s. (a.) socotranus (near the HWPB area) is a strong contender, as are several mangrove dwellings of unexplored populations. HWPB notes that the upcoming study (temporarily, Babbington et al in preparation) may shed light on some mangrove residents. Let's hope co- authors Manuel Schweitzer and Hadoram Shirihai can find time in their busy schedule to help the final project to a successful conclusion soon! The Indian Golden Oriole Oriolus kundoo HWPB notes that there is no known phenomenon in WP, but includes a reference to it in the section Taxonomic Notes (Eurasian) Golden Oriole O. oriolus, which lists useful criteria for the separation of identifiers: Very noticeable morphological differences, where ranges (of two types) occur without noticeable intermediates; HWPB images show somewhat clearly. The songs differ clearly.O. kundoo winters exclusively in the Indian subcontinent, whereas O. oriolus winters only in Africa. The black-blooded subspecies of Tchagra Tchagra senegalus percivali is found in the OSME region, from the Saudi region of Asir in the south-southeast (patches) to Montana-Yemen. HWPB notes that it is quite drastically different from the African taxa more than expected among sspp polypipic species and therefore can guarantee the status of the species, although genetic, vocal and behavioral data are not available. Isabelle Shrike Lanius isabellinus HWPB notes that long before this species (aka Daurian Shrike) and his relative Turkestan Shrike L. finicuroids were separated with the red-backed Shrike L. collurio, until 2002 (Pearson 2000) due to a sample ID error on two previous samples of the 19th century, the speculigerus of Mongolia and the isabellinus basin Tarim were incorrectly named. The first is now a junior synonym for Isynous, and the second has become arenarius. Links published before 2013 (Pearson et likely to contain faded information about the two taxes. The great Grey Shrike Lanius excubitor Since the publication of Olsson et al 2010, whose central principle and conclusion was that the southern gray Shrike L. meridionalis has not evolved from the same common ancestor as all subspecies conditionally attributed to it (except for nomin), authors and publishers stubbornly ignored this unambiguous conclusion in the interest of tasonomical stability. In general, it can be argued that such an article of faith has dignity, but here it has become a false prophet. I recognize that taxonomic relations at the next level of detail are related to taxa, whose breeding distributions are imperfectly known, whose simpatria is poorly known as areas and the preservation of hybridization, and whose grouping relations remain unclear; much remains to be learned. To sum up, genetic analyses have shown that L. meridionalis is monotypic and breeds only in Iberia and the south of France, but its closest relative, with whom it shares a common origin, is the close North Srik L. borealis, of which the more. This relationship was proposed in earlier, smaller molecular studies. All former subspecies of meridionalis are now reassigned to The Great Grey Shrike L. excubitor. Perhaps to complicate (but, of course, clarify) the issues further, most of the east-palearctic subspecies (about east of 90 degrees Celsius) are not related to the Great Grey Shryk, but to the previously un-reveretic only Northern Srik L. borealis. HWPB adopt this basic taxonomic revision, which leaves us with some hope that more research will soon be conducted to clarify these likely relationships in Olsson et al 2010. 'Arab Magpie' Peak Peak asirensis Saved in HWPB as a subspecies (general) Magpie for the following: ... The isolated Arab mountain life of asirensis may deserve a specific treatment. In the non-comprehensive study of asirensis, we prefer to keep it as a subspecies. The limited material available for examination is only 3 ♀♀. ... some clear vocal differences are known, but considering the small and widely isolated range of this population, the morphological differences are surprisingly moderate. Dead Sea Sparrow Passer moabiticus HWPB recognizes the case for separating the distant taxon yatii as the Afghan Scrub Sparrow, but prefers to stay with a careful lump until molecular analysis can be carried out by Desert Sparrow Passer simple In this case, molecular analysis was available to support HWPB split the Underground Sparrow. zarudnyiof Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, remote from the African population. Alternative English names of the Asian Desert Sparrow and the African Sparrow Desert, but given the difference mtDNA makes up 5%, these names may now be less appropriate? Golden winged winged socotranus HWPB refuses to split into Socotra Golden-winged Grosbeak R. socotranus and Arabian Golden-winged Grosbeak R. percivali until further (presumably molecular, vocalization and behavioral) studies. Since Socotra is outside the HWPB area, it is clear that spending time studying the nominee was not a priority. In conclusion, HWPB is a cornucopia of information for birders, callers and ornithologists collected in two exhaustive volumes - and it's only passers-by. However, perhaps more important for those whose interest, passion or data collection lies mainly in the OSME region, these two volumes are a necessary reading. For field workers, an electronic version of the book will inform the work of callers. Participants in the bird survey will simply have to wait and see if the audio file version will be implemented. For citizens in the OSME region, the cost of a version of the e-book will be a stumbling block. When I first heard the price of HWPB, I sucked my teeth, but after going through these two volumes several times I have to say that the sheer quality of the production of images and the depth and amount of knowledge of the authors presented on each species account is staggeringly good. For those OSME members who live in the UK, if you can afford it, you will not regret your purchase. If you can't afford it, badger your county library service to get for a reference section, but in the category that it can be sent to a local branch; at least, this will increase sales modestly. Mike Blair Blair

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