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Academic Research Test Time!!! 5/4/2020 Academic Research DAN BAILEY RESEARCH METHODS IN MASSAGE THERAPY Test Time!!! Take your time but you are limited to 90 minutes. You shouldn’t need any more than that. What Do We Need To Understand Research? We need to understand the data. We need to understand the type of research. We need to understand where the research comes from. We need to understand why the research was done We need to understand the research question We need to understand how the data was collected. We need to understand the data analysis. We need to understand if the process was done ethically. We need to understand how to formally present the information. 1 5/4/2020 How To Conduct Academic Research This information will help prepare you for completing your major assignment, a Literature Review. Topics: Primary and Secondary Sources Recognizing reliable sources Finding research articles Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources • See Handout • https://youtu.be/5RqNKpCk4Is 2 5/4/2020 Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources Social Sciences & Humanities Science & Engineering Historical newspapers Articles describing the research Documentary photographs or videos design and findings of original Corporate or organizational records studies Works of art, literature, or music Articles describing new Eyewitness accounts or testimony experiments or sets of Interviews experiments Diaries, journals, or letters Reports on original research or Statutes, laws, or regulations observations Primary Speeches, legal decisions, or case law Conference and seminar Sources Works of art proceedings that report up-to- Film/video date, original and ongoing Archaeological or historical artifacts research Original manuscripts Raw statistical data (if they have Government records not been processed, interpreted Works of literature or analyzed) Recorded or transcribed speeches or Published results of clinical trials interviews Technical reports Survey research Patents or industrial designs Primary Sources vs. Secondary Sources Social Sciences & Humanities Science & Engineering Scholarly journal articles Quantitative meta-analysis articles that Scholarly books or use statistical methods to determine monographs relationships or patterns in the published Interpretive newspaper or scholarly literature on a topic magazine articles and Systematic review articles that use a editorials research question to select and synthesize Analyses of historical events published evidence relevant to that Secondary Interpretive blog posts question Sources Critiques of art, music, theater, Survey articles that summarize an entire literary works, reviews field of research Television documentaries or Datasets and databases that have been science programs processed, analyzed or interpreted A non-eyewitness record of an Analyses of clinical trials event written by someone Scholarly book reviews without a close connection to Conclusions the event Types of Publications Publication What are They? Examples Popular literature, Encyclopedias, a work of fiction or nonfiction in a Books Collections of Research, printed or electronic format Bibliographies a magazine or other journal that is Magazines, Newspapers, Academic Periodicals issued at regularly recurring intervals Journals a single, usually hypertext document on the World Wide Web that can Webpages Blogs, Informational, Wikis incorporate text, graphics, sounds, etc Audio/Visualsound and picture elements Movies, Music, Posters Sheet Music, Artifacts, Unpublished items that do not fit into other Weird Stuff Diaries and publication categories Journals 3 5/4/2020 Types of Periodicals Magazine Newspaper Academic Journal General audience, General but educated Researchers, scholars, Audience usually with specific audience faculty in the subject area interest Purpose Entertainment News Research Written by journalist Written by experts in the Author Written by journalists or investigative subject area reporters Sometimes cite Rarely have citations for Always have full citations References sources, more often sources for sources references in articles Political Science Example Sports Illustrated The New York Times Quarterly Magazines A serial appearing or intended to appear indefinitely at regular or stated intervals, generally more frequently than annually. periodical. For general reading containing articles (stories, photographs, and advertisements) on a variety of subjects. Newspapers Newspapers and other corporate media may be factual but they are mandated to produce profit not necessarily balanced or accurate information How might this affect a newspapers’ research credibility? 4 5/4/2020 Peer-Reviewed Journals Peer-reviewed journals may also be called “refereed” or “juried” journals. Peer review is a process by which manuscripts are submitted for publication in a scholarly or research journal and are reviewed by subject experts for comment, evaluation, and approval. These articles often go through a revision process after the peer review and prior to publication. Many articles are submitted to the journal editors. Of these articles, a select few make it to publication. 5 5/4/2020 Evaluating Sources How do you distinguish between ideas and information? How do you assess overall quality of the information? How do you assess the source of information? How do you look for supporting documentation? Evaluating Sources CRAAP Test Currency: the timeliness of the information Relevance: importance of the information Authority: the source of the information Accuracy: the reliability, truthfulness and correctness of the information Purpose: the reason the information exists Criterion 0 points 1 point 2 points 3 points Currency No date indicated, Publish date is Updates are shown Updates are shown, regular and When was it published? no updates shown, shown, but has not but they are current. If they citing sources, they When was the source last information is out been updated in a slightly out of date are also recent. updated? of date. Are there long time. (5 years past). If How important is it for your broken links in the Publications older they citing sources, topic to have recent information? than 10 years. they are also information? recent. Relevance It mentions your It provides some It provides most of It is exactly on the subject your are What kind of information is topic briefly but information, but it the information researching. It is the right amount included? not much else. Or is not enough. Or it you need, but you of information and the right type Do you need all the it is not the type of is not the right type still require more of information. information for your topic? information you of information. details, or another Consider the type of need. Or it is not type of information needed enough information. (primary source or information. secondary source), statistics, history, or background information. Authority of Author No author is Author is identified, Author is identified, Author and publisher are clearly Who wrote the information? identified. No but no credentials contacts details are identified, respected and reliable. What are their credentials? publisher. are given, no contact given, credentials are Able to confirm legitimacy of the Who is the Information is details are given. The valid. The publisher author and content. No errors, clear publisher/sponsor? difficult to publisher is not is identified and concise, well written, information is understand, and may reputable. Has reputable. Easy to current, accurate and relevant. An in- include errors, with grammatical and understand, may depth understanding of the related incomplete or spelling errors. have some grammar issues shows the author’s familiarity inaccurate Consistent line of and spelling errors, with the subject. Links to or from are information. thought, however, information is reliable. Has reference list. information is current and accurate. Information can be verified from superficial. other sources. 6 5/4/2020 Accuracy Information is There is a vague There is a general There is a good list of sources that Are there any sources cited provided with no reference to the statement about can be located. Images/photos for the information? indication as to information the source of are labeled and sources are given. Are images/photos labeled where is comes source. information but and credited? from. Assumptions must not enough to Where did the author get be made as to the locate it. the information? source. How complete is the information? Purpose The purpose of the The purpose of the The purpose of the The purpose of the source is to Why has the person or source is to source is to sell or source is to provide information is a scholarly organization created the present a biased promote educate or to offer or academic quality. Facts are resource? point of view, to something, but it mostly factual presented free from bias, Is it fact, opinion, or sell or promote an also provides some information. Facts information is thorough, and propaganda? If you need idea, service, or good factual are presented free multiple viewpoints are given. opinions, then consider the product. It is not a information. from bias, Purpose is clearly identifiable as author’s authority, their use factual or balanced Contains some information is educational with an intended of logic and evidence for point of view. The questionable thorough. audience. their findings. opinion is either content with a few Is it biased or stereotyped?
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