- This Week’s Citation Classic® OCTOBER 10, 1988 1 endlx R. Work and authority in industry: ideologies ofmanagement in the course of thdustrialization. New York: Wiley, 1956. 464 p. [Institute of Industrial Relations, , Berkeley, CA]

This book deals with ideologies of management nic and occupational ; the other that seek to justify the subordination of large emphasized demography and public-opinion masses to the discipline and authority of em- research. Some tension concerning method- ployers. Four case studies are examined: En- ological issues existed between the two. I was gland in the process ofindustrialization, mod- ern.day America, Russia under the czars, and dissatisfied with these alternatives because the Eastern Zone of under the corn- neither seemed concerned with the disastrous missars. In each of these a more or less well- political developments1 2 that had nearly de- defined managerial ideology is found and8 stroyed my family. ’ 3 traced to its historical sources. (The SSCI With the support of , iIii~ed indicates that this book has been cited in over to comparative social history, which satisfied 275 publications since 1966.] my sense that we don’t live on the “knife-edge of the present,” my preoccupation with the use and abuse of authority, and my concern with the empirical world that I had learned at Chicago. Thisled me to make industrial or- ganizations and industrial relations my major focus: it was where the work of the world was getting done with increased productivity and Department of Political Science and where the lives of large numbers of people are Department of affected by institutional authority. What dif- University of California ference did dictatorial rule make, not to an ed- Berkeley, CA 94720 ucated elite, but to the proverbial man in the streett In pursuing this question in terms of “ideologies of management, East and West, June 20, 1988 then and now,” I explored the development of industry in England and Russia during the eighteenth arid nineteenth centuries, and inthe US and the German Democratic Republic in Looked at some 30 years after publication, the recent past. This set the stage foran anal- the book appears to me as a turning pointin ysis of the bureaucratization of industry. my career as well as a harbinger of things to My major themes are with us still: the East- come. I came to the US in 1938, a refugee West conflict at an ideological level and the from Hitler’s Germany and an aging freshman exercise of authority in industrial organiza- of 22 at the . My initial tions, the legitimation of commands and the impulse was a preoccupation with the “Ger- presence or absence ofa work ethic, the mod- man problem,” but by the early 1950s I ernization of the economy, and the enabling thought this preoccupation too parochial, even or disabling legacies of each country’s past. though my firsthand experience with tyranny Not only that: since my career began in the continued totrouble me. As a result, the book mid-1940s, the interest of sociologistsand po- focuses attention on thosefeatures of autocrat- litical scientists has shifted, not so much away ic and dictatorial rule in czarist Russia and the from the concerns of the “Chicago School” German Democratic Republic that (as it turns as towards macroscopic studies, whether in • out) have become dominantworld-political in- the context of systems theory or, as an alter. • fluences ever since. native, in the comparative context ofsocial his- At the University of Chicago I was confront- tory. The book’s relevance in so many different ed with two intellectual orientations. One em- respects may account for the continued inter- phasized life histories, urban as well as eth- est.

I. Bendix R. From to Berkeley: Gennan-Jewish identstres. New Brunswick. NJ: Transaction. 1986. 300 p. 2. . Embattled mason. ns.says on social knowledge. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction, 1988. 2 vols. 3. WIrth L. Preface. (Mannheim K.) Idnology and utopia: an introduction to the socioIo~,ofknowledge. New York: }iarcowt. Brace & World, (1936) 1968. p. xiii-xx,u.

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