VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND LTD
Future biorefinery concepts
Jussi Manninen, VTT IEA Bioenergy & IETS workshop on 'The role of industrial biorefineries in a low carbon economy', Gothenburg, 16 May 2017 What should biomass be used for?
1. Food and feed 2. Products that benefit from the chemical or physical structure of biomass, like fiber products 3. Products that replace fossil based products, like biobased chemicals 4. Energy
Product markets and profitable production are key requisites for a sustainable bioeconomy! 26/05/17 2 Value added and impact from bioeconomy
Multiple use by a market driven approach provides most added value and the greatest impact
New bioproducts and services High value High value
Innovative traditional products Cascade use Multiple use
Maximum: Traditional wood products €/unit * units = total value Traditional fiber products Value/unit
New bioproducts Low value Biofuels/Bio oil Extensive use Heat and power
26/05/17 Total raw material/market potential 3
Circular economy is a key element in future bioeconomy We will soon publish integrated bioeconomy and low-carbon economy scenarios for Finland
Baseline Current structure of the economy. 2030 energy and climate targets included. Low carbon scenario (2C-CNS) Focus on optimal reduction of GHG emissions. No major changes in industrial structure. Optimistic implementation of new energy technology Bioeconomy scenario (BioEco) New biobased products from forests, fields, side streams and wastes included.
26/05/17 5 Versatile use of wood for new products → new industrial ecosystems
CNS BioEco § Pulp production 100% flourishes 90% SNG § Dissolved pulp products 80% Energy use Liquid fuels 70% Solid fuel § Lignin and hemicellulose 60% use
for products 50% Recovery boiler 40% New fibre § From sawn goods to products 30% Paper pulps wood products 20% Wood 10% products
§ Integrated 2. generation 2050, % in consumption Wood 0% biorefineries
26/05/17 6 Doubling the value-add of forest bioeconomy in Finland with new innovative products 15 Wood and paper products
10 Textiles and hygiene products
5 Plastic replacement
Glues, chemicals Reinforcers 2030 2050
26/05/17 7 Bioenergy remains as the most important renewable energy source We need to invest in all new technologies to reach the low-carbon targets
Renewable primary energy GHG emissions per sector
2010 2020 2030 2050 2010 2020 2030 2050 900 80 Ambient Other 800 70 GHGs Waste 700 Bioliquid 60 Other CO2 600 imports Agrobio 50 500 Pulping Transport 40 CO2 400 liquor Wood 30 300 Industrial Solar 20 sectors 200 CO2 Wind 10 Energy 100 Greenhouse emissions, gas Mt Renewableprimary energy, PJ Hydro sector CO2 0 0 CNS CNS CNS 2010 - - - CNS CNS CNS - - - C BioEco C BioEco C BioEco C BioEco C BioEco C BioEco ------Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline Baseline 2° 2° 2° C C C 2° 2° 2° C C C 2° 2° 2° 2° 2° 2°
26/05/17 8 Pulp mills are in the heart of the forest bioeconomy – new products will increase in significance
26/05/17 9 Bioproduct mills produce material and energy products
Pulp for paper Lignocellulosic Lignocellulosic bio-refinery and board feedstock
Cellulose fraction for bio- ethanol
Other bio- based products
Lignin is the major by-product of chemical Isolation pulping and emerging biorefineries § ~55 Mt/a kraft lignin* produced by Lignin side- Technical lignin chemical pulping, of which ~150 kt/a stream recovered currently** § ~1.8Mt/a lignosulphonates recovered** § Substantial amount of lignin estimated to Most of the lignin is burned for energy, and originate from the 2nd generation only small fraction is utilised in high-value bioethanol production products
* Gellerstedt et al (2013) 26/05/17 ** Calculated based on several public sources 10 Residues and side-streams into fuels and chemicals
BIOTECHNOLOGY
Pretreatment Fermentation Product Liquid fuels and hydrolysis recovery
GASIFICATION Synthesis to liquid fuels
Gas cleaning Gasification to syngas Methanation SNG
PSA Hydrogen
FAST PYROLYSIS Co-refining with mineral oils Thermal or Product catalytic fast upgrading Liquid fuels pyrolysis
26/05/17 11 Further in the future…
§ Efficient and selective extraction methods, like ionic liquids and DES for fractionation of lignocellulose § Synthetic biology for production of efficient strains for production of chemicals and materials § New, high-yielding biomass sources, such as algae, and CO2 as a source of carbon with renewable electricity providing the hydrogen
26/05/17 12 26/05/17 13 Conclusions
§ Future biorefineries need to satisfy several criteria § Climate change mitigation § Jobs and growth § Profitability § Based on our scenarios for Finland, versatile production of added-value bio-based products and bioenergy products can help achieving both climate and GDP-goals § We are already seeing that lignocellulosic biorefineries, like pulp mills, are becoming the backbone of bioeconomy ecosystem § Advanced biofuels provide market for investments that can be later utilised for production of biochemicals § For future, we need more selective extraction and production technologies, as well as widen our raw material selection. Integration to renewable electricity system can benefit both biorefineries and electricity grid.
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