I Focus MONASH on Asia This month Reporter talks to a distinguished international visitor about the role of women in Asia. We REPORTER look also at changes in China's foreilln policy and end the Asian 'tour at a lively form of Javanese AMAGAZINE FOR THE UNIVERSITY theatre. Pp 4, 5. Also Registered by Australia Post - publication No. V8G0435 • Survey on graduates' starting salaries ...... 9 NUMBER 6-83 AUGUST 3,1983 • Schools ­ as they are and as they might be ...... 10 PM's private office supports 'political' role From the Whittam years on, the private office of the Prime Minister. staffed largely by personally-appointed policy advisers, has developed as a significant, self-contained unit within administration. Its growth recognises the Prime Minister's need for support in his political function - something in which his Public Service Depanmenl cannot easily - or properly - assist, says Professor David Kemp. chairman of (he Politics department at Monash. Professor Kemp was a senior adviser G ~ on Mr Fraser's staff in his first two years An .-ns.-de V1-ew as Prime Minister and was director of _ . the PM's office in 1981. In the year or so since, Professor There has been a tendency in the past Kemp has been researching the elevation to view politics negatively, as disruptive of Ihe PM's and other Ministers' offices of government, and to downplay its 10 ones with a capital "0" and develop­ significance by loading the whole of the ing a concept of their role in the system. political role on one man, the Prime Such a development has also occurred in Minister or Minister. Britain, Canada and other countries In essence, he says, the political job is whose government is based on the West­ a leadership function. It involves Ihe minster system. identification of philosophy and values • A jubilant team of chemists - from left, Dr Peter Godfrey, Or Patrlcla Elmes, Dr Frank At its heart, says Professor Kemp, is underlying decision-making, the estab­ Eastwood and Professor Ron Brown - examine a glass tube coloured by signs of the new carbon oxide. Photo: Rick Crompton. awareness that politics and government lishment of priorities, definition of lask are not separate and that good govern­ and the integration of information and ment involves competent performance ideas from many sources "into a of the political function. coherent function". Monash chemists "Political judgment is a major part of a Prime Minister's role and one which, it" is now acknowledged, requires assist­ ance. With the increasing complexity of government it would require a super­ manufacture new human effort of one man to do it ( without staff support," he says. Apolitical PS carbon compound The Public Service cannot properly Researchers in the Monash Chemistry department have manufactured a provide much support for the Prime new carbon oxide; Minister in his political function. Departments are supposed to be The new oxide is tricarbon monoxide, made up of three carbon atoms and one apolitical: their main job is to give oxygen atom. It is represented by the chemical symbols C~O. "technical" advice and administer The Monash team believes Iricarbon monoxide will take its place beside the well­ policies. known carbon oxides - carbon monoxide (CO) and carbon dioxide (CO!) - and Hence the development of a private the lesser-known carbon suboxide (C}02). office system staffed by non-tenured The manufaclUre of tricarbon monoxide came as a corollary to the learn's work advisers attuned to the Government's examining the molecules which exist in space. philosophy and aim. In other countries Professor of Chemistry, Professor Ron Brown, said one of the most abundant the unit is termed the Political Office. molecules in space was carbon monoxide . • Professor David Kemp • Continued page 2 • Continued page 2 It's Courses and Careers Day on Sunday

• What the 'il1 day aims to do - p_ 3 Which garrulous great Private office's galahs were going home? political role

• From front page about 25, including some eight senior In an interview with Monash advisers. Reporter, Professor Kemp made these Professor Kemp says that - at senior points: levels - that is fairly close to the optimum size. It should remain small so • It is essential that the role of such an office be defined correctly. One thing that a close relationship between it is not there to do is compete with or Minister and staff is preserved. supplant Departments in providing the Its "bread and butter" tasks include kind of advice expected from the Public scheduling the PM's meetings and Service. engagements, managing affairs with his electorate, and handling the most • A well-functioning office system, impoTiant correspondence. Other rather than a source of tension with functions are policy advisory, speech Departments, can help preserve the writing, political information (briefing apolitical character of the Public him on political events throughout the Service. An alternative would be to country), media communication and politicise the Service'by staffing first and liaison with the political party, in and second division positions, say, with outside Parliament, and around the people who are likely to understand the country, and with the Public Service. Government's purposes. This can have disadvantageous effects on Department Professor Kemp says that a major morale and career structures. aspect of the political function of the Office is to identify problems which the • There is room yet in Australia for Government should see as important a widening of the tasks of "political and requiring action. Its job, then, is to officers". They should attend more suggest to the Prime Minister possible departmental and interdepartmental directions for the Public Service about meetings, sit on task forces and the like, what kind of policy advice is required. and be more closely involved in the work of Cabinet. The Office has a further task in assist­ One guessl The notorious Dave and Mabel who rather fancied themselves as Monash students ing the Prime Minister to evaluate the • The strengthened role of the (learning parrot fashion so to speak) are now back at Saba and boring the pants off late night TV advice coming back from Departments viewers. Their 'kidnap' - probably the most widely-publicised Farm Week prank ever - netted the private office - through the Whitlam. Cyetlc Flbro•• Foundation $5000 in ransom money, via the Monash Frontal Society. Eat to determine whether it meets guidelines lobotomy Fraser and Hawke administrations ­ humb'e cracker. Prosh Week prankstersl and whether it presents the options satis­ has bipartisan support. It is being emulated, too, in State governments. In factorily. the Hawke Government there may initially have been some shift back Integrating task New carbon oxide towards the traditionally influential role He says that the Office also helps the • From front page Rice, developed the theoretical frame­ of the Public Service. It is only a PM to integrate the various organisa­ work for the experiment. marginal difference, however. tions for which he is responsible. "One aspect of molecules in space The team used a relatively new Until Whit lam, says Professor Kemp, Professor Kemp says: "The Prime that has always intrigued me is that there chemical technique of building a very the PM's office was small and staffed Minister is the leading person in his own are some very long molecules large, but unstable, molecule which, mainly by relatively junior officers of Department, in Cabinet and the molecules consisting of a long string of when heated, would break down, the Public Service. The office acted Ministry. He is also the leader of his atoms - but no-one has been able to leaving the hoped-for tricarbon primarily as a mechanism for moving party in Parliament and leader of his understand exactly how they are monoxide. papers between the Department of the political party in the country. And he is formed, how they got there in the first Dr Eastwood devised a molecule of 12 Prime Minister and the PM, and leader of the nation." place. carbon atoms, 12 hydrogen atoms and organising his appointments. He is likely to receive input on many "One of the things my group has eight oxygen atoms - CuHIlO•. been doing is trying to make other sorts In the '60s, however, Gorton took an issues from all these groups and needs to And after long hours in the laboratory of long 'stringy' molecules to give us the tOltJallve unique to the Australian "pull it all together". the team found they had the desired system. He established policy divisions information to see if those other strings "Again, it is simply too big a job for result - the molecule broke down, with the Prime Minister's Department are out in space." one person to do without staff leaving acetone, carbon dioxide and the covering every aspect of government support," says Professor Kemp. Professor Brown said the group was new oxide. activity. These divisions - which still also developing a computer model of the Professor Brown said that tricarbon exist - have briefed the PM on sub­ Where Ihe development of the private gaseous parts of the universe. monoxide had proved to be a peculiar missions from other departments. They office system has caused some contro­ "Looking at the results we get from compound - ahhough it "lived" for could not do much to assist the Prime versy, he says, is with the appointment this model it struck me that in addition only a fraction of a second it was, in Minister in his political function, of people with technical (especially to carbon monoxide there is a possibility chemical terms, reasonably stable. though, and their role has been a contro­ economic) expertise. The criticism then you could get what I call big brothers of And, unlike the other carbon oxides, versial one. is thai they duplicate what is being done carbon monoxide - inslead of just one it was a polar molecule - with a positive The Prime Minister's Office, as it has in Departments. carbon and one oxygen atom you might electrical charge at the oxygen end and a existed for the past decade, has a staff of On the contrary, he says, the appoint­ have a string of carbons and one negative charge at the other. In the other ment of such experts reflects an aware­ oxygen. For technical reasons the most oxides the charge is spread uniformly ness by governments that policy advice likely big brother of carbon monoxide along the chain of atoms. can never be purely technical - that it would be C,O"· Professor Brown said the team would Graduation must be based, implicitly at least, on Professor Brown said that carbon now do more work on measuring the values and beliefs on which people and 'Application to Graduate' forms are suboxide - the Ubig brother" of carbon distances between the atoms in the parties differ. molecule and also examining the now available from the Student dioxide - had been known since 1907. He says: "It is therefore Quite sound chemical properties of a bronze­ Records Office, University Offices, for "Yet peculiarly, although that oxide for political leaders to seek advice from coloured deposit left in their equipment bachelor degree candidates in their has been known for a long time, no one experts known to share their philo­ after the manufacture of tricarbon final year who expect to qualify for has ever thought about the corre­ sophical perspectives. Only such people monoxide. their degree at the 1983 annual sponding big brother of carbon can adequately identify the value and •'Tricarbon monoxide is a simple examinations and who wish to monoxide - CJO. judgmental components of advice." thing and a very reactive one - there graduate at a ceremony in 1984. "Chemically it is intriguing that could well be years and years of work. Applications should be lodged by Professor Kemp says that being a chemists have known all this century of not only for Monash researchers, in Monday, Seplember 5, 1983. member of a Prime Minister's or only three major oxides of carbon. This following up its properties." Students in those faculties in which Minister'S office can be an insecure made me feel we ought to try to see if it Professor Brown believes there is a honours are taken in an additional position. 8y definition, members of a was possible to make the big brother of fair chance of finding tricarbon year who intend to proceed to honours "political office" can have no tenure­ carbon monoxide." monoxide amongst the gases in space, should not complete an Application to they can be dismissed at will and, in any Dr Frank Eastwood, Reader in but not in large quantities. Graduate until August In their bonours case, go when the Minister goes. They chemistry, Dr Patricia Elmes, a profes­ The team will take up this search in year. If the honours year is subse­ have no superannuation and, as a sional officer, and Dr Peter Godfrey February next year using the most quently abandoned an Application to recommendation on their conditions of senior lecturer, worked with Professor advanced radio telescope available at Graduate with the pass degree should employment, he suggests that some life Brown. A graduate student, Mr Ed Kin Peak in Arizona. be lodged forthwith. assurance provisions be made. AUGUST. 1913 2 MONASH REPORTER Gearing up for Careers Day lit Mannix, to~

This Sunday - August 7 - Monash "We recognise in addition the desira­ Mannix College will hold an Open again says "Welcome" to some very im­ bility of explaining the University to the Day to coincide with Monash's Courses portant visitors: our students of the public from time to time, and this we and Careers Day. future, their parents, friends and will do (in 1984 1 for example) through Mannix, located across Wellington teachers. an Open Day, eve n though economic Road from the campus, is an affiliated Following the pattern set last year. conditions are pretty much against us at residential college run by the Dominican Courses and Careers Day differs from present. Fathers for students of all denomina­ the traditional sort of Open Day - for tions. good reasons. "I think that we have found a very On Sunday, August 7, the College will practical alternating arrangement," said Director of the 'Day' this year is Pro­ be open from Ip.m. to 5p.m. Residents Professor Crisp. " We know that the will be conducting tours, and afternoon fessor John Crisp, of Mechanical son of face-to-face discussion that Engineering. tea will be served in the foyer. Applica­ Counselling Day offers provides a very tion forms for 1984 will be available. Sunday a success firm basis on which prospective students As well, Mannix students will be can make their decisions. Our ex­ available to talk to visitors in the He says: "Last year's experiment in perience also suggests that the alterna­ balcony room of the Union. conducting a counselling day on a Sun­ tive Open Day satisfies the other need." day showed us that we could reach our target audience very successfully by The University will be open from Director of Courses and Careers Day. satisfying its need for information - 1 p.m. to 4.30 p .m. Copies of the of­ Profesaor John Criap (left) discusses arrangements with Prot•••or Bill And now for given informally. and without strings ficial program for the day are now at the Melbourne, chairman of Mechanical attached. enquiry desk in lhe Union. Engineering. HSC Economics Monetarists vs Keyneslans, and the prospects for an incomes policy since the. Appeals Tribunal has FA:onomic Summit. They're just two of the topical issues • ceeded cautiously, but well, since its to be covered in the annual day of establishment. lectures for HSC Economics students One of its most controversial activities organised by Monash's department of Immense Economics. has been involvement in the review of government policy on deportation. It will be on Sunday, September 11. 9.4Sa.m.-4.3Op.m., in Robert Black­ Although the tribunal only has the wood Hall. powers power to make recommendations in As well, the Chief Examiner for HSC deportation cases, its decisions have Economics, Dr G. M. Richards, a senior A new non-judicial administrative meant the reversal of some Ministerial lecturer in Economics, will talk to appeals body may make a startling decisions and have influenced the new students on examination techniques and impact on the development of Federal Labor Government policy on deporta­ marking procedures. Lecturing staff of Government policies, according to a tion. the department will also be on hand for Monash law lecturer, Mrs Jennifer "In the past, government policy on informal discussions. Sharpe. deportation has not made any clear This is the sixth year in which the • distinction between marijuana users and Mrs Sharpe has spent the past three • lectures have been held in their present • • serious drug offenders; the AAT in its years studying the workings of the • format. Last year an estimated 1200 , decisions has made a big distinction Administrative Appeals Tribunal, set up • students attended - about one-quarter between different types o f drug in 1975. of all those doing HSC Economics. offences. and it s views have been largely The tribunal has the power in some accepted by the Labor Government and The program is: areas to overturn Ministerial and 9.45a.m., The Nalure and Evaluation Cabinet policy. incorporated into its new deportation policy. of Alternative Economic Systems, Dr I. "This turns the whole idea of minis­ Ward; 11.15a.m. , Alternative terial responsibility upside down. "The AAT has indicated that if the Approaches to Macroet:onomic Theory individual has been willing to help the and Policy - Monetarists vs Key~ 'lIn the policy review area the tribunal police in their investigations. the has more power than the High Court. nesians. Dr G. M. Richards; 12.ISp.m., tribunal will be less willing to deport Internalional Transactions and the Where a department exercises dis­ him. The Ministerial policy did not cretionary powers, the Court can say a Domestic Economy, Professor R. H. make any distinction between offenders Snape; 2.30 p.m., Incomes Polic), ­ decision is legally wrong or was im­ who assisted the police and offenders Prospects for Australia since Ihe properly exercised, but it cannot over­ who refused to co-operate. ridc the Minister's discretion or decide Economic Summil, Dr A. Fels; "The tribunal has also been much on the merits of a particular policy. 3.30p.m., The Role of the Market in the more influenced by the interests of other Australian Economy, Mr J . C. G. "The tribunal can," Mrs Sharpe said. • Jennifer Sharpe people - the deponee's family - than Wright. The tribunal is staffed by Federal the government has," Mrs Sharpe said . The lectures are free and open 10 Court judges and others with expertise appeals can only go to the tribunal after Mrs Sharpe said Ministers were now inlerested sludenls and their parents. in public administration and related internal departmental appeal procedures expected to give reasons to Parliament if The department would appreciate ~reas. have been exhausted. they did not accept tribunal decisions. hearing from large groups planning to It sits in all capital cities and hears Mrs Sharpe was one of the speakers at attend. The major fields covered at the cases informally, often without legal a seminar on Migrant Policy: Decision moment are social security - for For further information contact Or representatives being involved . Making and Review at Monash last example when benerits have been Richards on 541 0811 ext. 2308 or Ms It can deal only with matters for month. re fu sed - and the deportation of aliens Lisa Gropp on ext. 2385. which it has been given responsibilit y by and immigranls convicted of serious government legislalion. In some areas criminal offences. Book for 'Tootsie' Power to review Monash man at the helm FOI decisions At the helm of Australia II, the "Toolsie" will be screened at a film America's Cup hopeful, is a Monash The tribunal has recently been given evening next month in aid of the graduate. Monash Art ·Fund. the power to review departmental He is John Bertrand (left) who gradu­ It will be held on Monday. September decisions to withhold information under ated in mechanical engineering in 1969. 26 at 5.30p.m. in the Alexander Theatre. the Commonwealth Freedom of The following year. John, who is 36, Champagne and sandwiches be Information Act. will sailed on Gretel II in the 1970 America's served. The cost is 58 a head. Mrs Sharpe believes the tribunal Cup challenge and then stayed on in Ihe The evening is being organised by the should also be given the power to review US to do a master's degree in ocean Monash Advisor)' Committee which is refusals to iss ue passports and refusals engineering at Massachusetts Institute convened by Mrs Rena Martin. wire of to grant citizenship. of Technology. .he Vice-Chancellor. The tribunal, a body which can over­ Bookings can be made al the Alex. or turn government policy. is unique in the He has won a host of sailing events b)' phoning the ticket secretaries. Mrs Western common law counlries and its and has been an Olympic competitor. Brenda Hollowa,. (8577171) or Mrs development is being monitored in Ihe For the last to years John has been in­ Joan West fold (20 1101). Bankcard US and Britain. volved in the boating business full-time, welcome. Mrs Sharpe says Ihe tribunal has pro- most recently as a sailmaker. MONASII NEI-()RTER J AUGUST. 1983 • Ketoprak: theatre with a double edge A traditional imagery runs through Alongside the professional com­ actors in the troupe: among their talents practically all 'orms of Javanese theatre. panies, which [Our the countryside must be ability to improvise and a quick That imagery circumscribes charac­ performing for a month or two in each wit for repartee. lers, their manner of speaking and location, is a large number of amateur Says Mrs Hatley: HKetoprak behaviour, and their place in the social troupes. They make a strong showing definitely does not challenge upper-class hierarchy. for special events such as Independence values. However, within the overall There are several popular theatre Day, August 17. structure of traditional stories and forms developed in the 20th century In recent years, says Mrs Hatley, the theatrical imagery there emerges for low which draw on this traditional imagery authorities have promoted this enter­ status actors and audience members a in interesting and innovative ways. tainment through competitions and the sense of pride in what they are. One example is Ketoprak - a popular like as a way of combating the innuence "Village social life is depicted as entertainment of villagers and of Western culture. warm, intimate and humorous com­ inhabitants of "lower class" city neigh­ Mrs Hatley says that all Javanese pared with court life which often seems bourhoods, or kampung, In central theatre has some potential for parody, rather stuffy. Ketoprak is an expression Java, especially around Yogyakarta. for light-hearted mocking of traditional of cullural identity for irs audience." images. In Ketoprak this is particularly In Ketoprak's less strict format, A lecturer in the department of Indo­ well-developed. village characters are able to improvise nesian and Malay at Monash, Mrs "What Ketoprak does is really Barbara Hatley, has made a study of with topical and domestic references not sharpen the double edge, tI she says. Ketoprak and observes how irs adapta­ possible in other dramatic forms. It is able to do this because its struc­ tion of traditional theatrical imagery has • Barbara HII"ey And it gives stronger parts to ture is less rigid than other forms of actresses. Renecting village life as it is, come to express a sense of identity for its traditional Javanese stories but it also theatre, its playing less stylised and its they are able to make jokes, indulge in audience. draws on wider sources such as Middle stories more varied. With what would Ketoprak compare repartee, reprimand their husbands and Eastern fables. Among the traditions of Javanese in the West? The focus is on dialogue although per­ generally appear in control. theatre. the hero is always delicately fea­ "Probably a mixture of TV melo­ formances are usually accompanied by a "In older forms of theatre, such tured and aristocratic, the villain a drama and the circus," replies Mrs gamelan orchestra which underlines the characterisation of women is confined grotesque demon. and lower class action or fills in between acts. The to village wives, while the aristocratic Hatley. figures or villagers misshapen clowns. It is a stage drama played by actors dialogue, in Javanese language, is heroine is the model of refinement, either in Western style theatres or "in entirely improvised - there are no In Ketoprak these simple villagers delicacy and submissive dependence," the round" in villages. Touring troupes scripts. . often steal the limelight, leaving the says Mrs Hatley. "But in Keloprak, often perform in their own demountable There are professional Ketoprak princely characters somewhat upstaged heroines too may display a sharp tongue theatres. troupes in Java, some independent and with not a great deal to do. The villager and quick wit in standing up for their The Ketoprak repertoire includes other government sponsored. roles are played by the most competent own interests." 'Sekda' takes stab at bureaucracy Melbourne this monCh will have a rare with the exploitation of a tribal group by opportunity to see a production of a a multinational company acting in play by one of Indonesia's leading - if collusion with government. banned - playwright-poets. Not surprisingly, Rendra's writing A group of third year Indonesian drew response from Indonesian authori­ literature students at Monash will ties. He was banned from performing in present W. S. Rendra's "Sekda" from Yogyakarta - a prohibition he rather August 10 to 12 in the SGO-1-2 rooms neatly skirted by "rehearsing" plays in of the Menzies Building. public for free in front of hi s house. The production - which follows one In 1978 Rendra was jailed for a time. of another Rendra play "The Struggle For the last four years he has worked for of the Naga Tribe" by Nimrod in a publishing firm in Jakarta. Aucmpts Sydney last year - is being staged by have been made to bring him to Aus­ Mrs Barbana Hatley. lecturer in the tralia but he has been unable to obtain department of Indonesian and Malay, an exit permit from Indonesia. Mr Paul Tieken, tutor, and Mr Philip Although his theatre "commune" has Thompson, drama director. now virtually disbanded, former Mrs Hatley describes the playwright members have gone on to make their as a highly colorful character. own contributions to Indonesian His interest in p6etry and drama has theatre. interesting dramatically in that, ABOVE: In rehearsal for 'Sekda' at Monash been to critically analyse contemporary Mrs Hatley says that "Sekda" is poss­ - Paul Tlck.U (seated), Julie Glblett and social problems in Indonesia. ibly more humorous and less overtly although part of the modern stream of Andre. Bird. Rendra studied drama in the US in the didactic than some of Rendra's other Indonesian literature written in the BELOW: Tho playwright, W. S. Rendra national language Bahasa Indonesia, it (left), 'rehearses' a play outside his house in '60s. Back in Indonesia in 1967 he estab­ works. Yogyakarta. lished his own theatrical troupe which Sekda is an abbreviation of se kretaris draws significantly on elements of was based in a lower class community, daerah, a middle level bureaucratic indigenous popular theatre. The "play or kampung. He wanted to live position, and the play looks at some of within the play". for example, echoes a common situation in Ketoprak theatre among "real people" in order to draw the ridiculous extremes to which bureau­ ideas from everyday life. cracy can go. These extremes are high­ where servants humorously act out the To this community Rendra attracted lighted in a play within the play_ role of their masters. young student types who drew a sense The overall action takes place during The play will be performed in Indone­ of purpose from him and moulded their August 17-:-·lndependence Day - cele­ sian but with English "subtitles". Mrs lifestyle on his. brations. A public speaker in a kampung Hatley has written into the play twO Rendra's first theatrical endeavours setting is interrupted by a prostitute and characters - an Australian anthro­ were adaptations and translations of the police move in to break up the pologist and tourist - who comment on .. foreign" plays, ones which explored fracas. the events they stumble over in the social and political themes such as The incident prompts the kampung kampung. Brecht's "Caucasian Chalk Circle" and people to think about how bureaucrats Performances of "Sekda" will be Shakespeare's "Macbeth". run their affairs. They decide 10 act out given on Wednesday, August 10 at From the mid-'70s on, he began the roles of these officials. 2.ISp.m. and on August II and 12 at writing his own plays. Possibly his best In one scene an elaborately-catered­ 7.30p.m. known work outside Indonesia is "The for seminar is held (0 discuss an Tickets COSt $1.50 and $1 (conces­ Struggle of the Naga Tribe" which has epidemic of dengue fever. sions) and may be booked on exts 2232, been translated into English. It deals Mrs Hatley says that the play is 2233, 2236.

AUGUST. 1983 4 MONASH R~PORTER

I Pocus on

• Dr AouRIIQ Jllhlln with Norma Sullivan, of China restates Anthropotogy . independence in foreign policy

Cost conscious, more modest ideologicany and with a realisation of limits. That's how Chinese foreign policy is terms, it was not spending a lot on emerging in the 1980s, according lO a defence or foreign aid and this trend was leading international Chinese scholar. likely to continue, he said. Professor Ross Terrill. China st ill spent a higher percentage Last month Professor Terrill, a of GNP on defence than Reagan's research fellow at the Fairbank Centre America, he added, but {WO defence for East Asian Research at Harvard budget culS in two years had seen that University, visited Melbourne, his home percentage fall considerably. Spending town. At the invitation of Mr John on foreign aid was down to about one­ Fyfield, he gave a colloquium in the quarter of its peak level. Education facuhy on Chinese foreign Secondly, China was adopting a more policy. ideologically modest approach to the Professor Terrill said that the cor­ world, Professor Terrill said. nerslOne of China's foreign policy until One notable feature of that had been the 1970s was the three worlds theory the dropping of stern ideological which lumped the superpowers, Russia criticism of the Soviet Union. and the USA, together in one world, It was part of a new eclecticism, he placed their developed associates suggested, wilh China looking all together in the second, and the around the world for ideas. It wanted undeveloped nations in the third world. something from Russia as well as from Two events caused a shift in thinking. the West. Russia invaded Czechoslovakia, mark· Thirdly, China now had a realistic ap· ing that superpower as more of a threat. preciation of the limits of foreign policy. The US seemed unable ultimately to in· Professor Terrill said that China had fluence events in Vietnam, marking it as "learnt a 10(" about the third world - less of a threat. in particular that there were divisions Women of the region As the tilt towards the US grew during between countries other than on north­ the '70s, China modified the three worlds south lines. It realised that in conflicts theory. By the end of the decade it was such as the Iran·lraq war, for example, "out the window". it was not possible to adopt a clearcut share a low status One characteristic of change during position. The low status or women was a Dr lahan said that some South Asian the '70s was China's attitude to revolu· Professor Terrill said that China's at· common factor throughout the Asian­ countries had successfully introduced tion abroad, Professor Terrill said. titude towards the West was "am· Pacific region despite vast economk: and quotas and targets encouraging Earlier on, China talked loudly about it; bivalent" and likely to remain so. cultun) differences, according to a visit­ women's participation in decision­ by mid to late '70s a reform·minded ap­ China had a fascination with the ing political scientist. making bodies. proach to internal problems in other West, he said. At the same time it had a She is Dr Rounaq JahaD, co·ordinator This was more difficult to introduce countries was being expressed. China long historical memory and had ex· of women's programs in the Asia­ in some Southeast Asian nations where was swinging its support behind formal perienced tensions in Western relation· Pacific Development Centre, based in similar quota systems already operated programs for change such as the New ships in such areas as the financing of Kuala Lumpur. for the different ethnic groups. trade and student exchanges. International Economic Order. Until last month the centre was a

MONASH REPORTER 5 AUGUST. 1983 In wake of the student revolt The late 1960s saw the rise of a student movement against the post-war Monash and socio-political consensus. That was the case in Western Europe Vision and the ongoing retreat from especially. where neo-Marxism was the Marxist positions. movement's driving forcc. Australia ex­ This is shown in the literature of the perienced the revolt also. if to a less 1970s, in which participants in the stu­ the Museum significant degree. Here the catalyst was dent revolt came to examine their early the Vietnam War as it was in the United experiences in a highly self-critical way. States. Even their interest in writing is a sign The torch of thal revolt has long been of Tendenzwende for it is in sharp con­ extinguished. What has happened in the trast to their attitudes 15 years ago: decade or 50 since? literature then was regarded contemp­ are about to The West Germans have a word for tuously as a substitute for action. the reaction to the political turmoil of the In which directions has the thinking late 60s - "Tcndenzwendc". meaning of the former student radicals moved? change of direction, change of (political) Dr Roberts says that the oil shock of tendency_ 1974 had a major impact on the re­ The nature of this Tendcnzwendc ha:-. shaping of ideas. The reality of the launch • • • been the subject of research in Monash's limits of growth had to be confronted. German department which is parti(:ular­ II was at this time, he says, that the Iy interested in tea(:hing literature ecological movement came into its own again .~t its sodal and politi(:al context. in West Germany. It has developed as a Senior lecturer »r Ila"id Roherts new kind of political movement spent 1981 at the University of Siegen 011 epitomised by the Greens - half move­ a Humboldt Fellowship working on ment and half party - who this year changes in German thought and g ained F ederal parliamentary literature since the late '60s. With Pro­ representation. fessor Leslie Rodi. Dr Roberts organised The femini st movement and other a conference on Tendelli'.wende ill "alternative " movements seeking a new Melbo urnc last yea r. the proceedings of style of life arc also evidence of a shift which are currcllIly being edited fo r towards post-matcrialistic values. publication in West Germany. Dr Robert s says the presently-strong Dr Roberts sees 1968 as a lurning, peacc movement in Wes t Germany has Monash has played a leading role in Richard While and Dr Richard p(linl ; May in Paris and Allg,lI ~ t in much in common with the ecological Ihe design and construction of a major Gunslone. Prague revealed the limits of politil.:al movement. The initial target of protest new science display in the Museum of Back at Monash. they approached cha nge in Wes t and East Europe. was nuclear power stations, but with the Victoria. Professor Rachinger with the idea of post-Arghanistan revi val of the Cold It will be opened by the State Minister establishing something similar in Revolution illusory War and th e currently crucial issue of for the Arts, Mr Race Mathews. on Melbourne. the deployment or Pershing and Cruise September 26. Following this, several exhibits were Political revolution in the West was missiles. the movement has become in­ The $100,000 project EX- built as a joint Education faculty· exposed as an illusion - a (:onfusion of creasingly anti-American, fuelled by PERILEARN - marks a significant Physics department project. These were political and cultural revolution - as fears o f Reagan's policies. departure for the Museum in exhibition displayed at Monash on Open Days and, recognition grew thai workers were In the peace movement, says Dr content and style of presentation, and for a short time, in the foyer of Robert largely integrated into t he exist ing order. Roberts, there are the threads of a brings together the talents of the Blackwood Hall and then in the Warsaw Pact tanks rumbling through revival of German nationalism - para­ Museum and Monash's Education Museum over one holiday period. Prague's streets ended Dubcek 's doxically from the Left. faculty and Phys ics department. The project ticked along, attracting " Jiberalisation" a nd Ihe hopes of an in ­ He says that the peace movement's II will attempt to provide an entertain­ funding from organisations such as the ternal reform of Communism in ing introduction to basic scientific prin­ ambitions to neutralise central Europe is Ian Potter Foundation which enabled ciples by inviting visitors to interact with Czechoslovakia and the Eastern bloc. the search for a " way out" of the dead more exhibits to be built. At the same time. however, the stu­ displays - there are nearly 30 of them situation of a divided Germany - a first h was recognised, however, that what dent revolt in West Germany signalled step towards some sort of federal union - which demonstrate those principles was lacking was a good home where simply and vividly . the end of the post-war construction and between the Federal and Democratic public would have open access. Th Says Monash physicist Professor Bill the opening up of new conflicts related Republics. Museum then offered Verdon Hall and a to contemporary industrial and post­ Rachinger: "The aim is to excite curiosi­ joint Monash·Museum planning com­ industrial society. A "change of tendency" has occurred ty about natural phenomena by mittee was set up. in countries other than West Germany. So Tendenzwende is an altogether am­ demonstrating them in do-it-yourself A list of exhibits was decided on. The Dr Roberts points out. But Tendenz­ bivalent term, says Dr Roberts. situations. pace has been on in the last few months H wende has some peculiar aspects which He says that "Tendenzwende "The accompanying text labels will to construct the new ones in time for the need to be seen in terms of German became accepted in the early '70s as provide a sllccinct explanation and di splay opening. history. shorthand for the backlash against the outline applications of the scientific Ray Horan, of the Physics depart­ student movement in West Germany. One centres on an ongoing contradic­ principle. It won't be comprehensive in ment's mechanical workshop. has It was first and narrowly used to tion in German society. The Federal detail but we plan to make available organised construction of the exhibits. depict conservative reaction to the Republic has been the European in­ brochures which will give more informa­ But Professor Rachinger says that the counterculture which was suspicious of dustrial success story. Yet there has tion to those seeking it. ,­ success of the venture has depended on State and Establishment and was posing always been a strong undercurrent of The do-it-yourself, bare-facts style of the enthusiastic co-operation of staff in some fundamental Questions about the resistance to modernisation and exposition contrasts with the historical a number of Monash workshops. Ex­ nature of contemporary industrial industria lisation which are seen as approach the Museum has generally hibits have been constructed in the society. destroyers of tradition and the environ­ taken towards subjects in the past. workshops of Education, Physics, In essence it was a clash between the ment. Similar initiatives in mher areas are be­ P sych o logy, Zoology, Chemical, older generation, which in the years "Germany industrialised later and ing considered. Materials and Civil Engineering, and the since 1945 had been coming to terms faster than other countries, opening up The display is modelled on ventures Medical Dean. with the Nazi experience and working the possibility of an explosive reaction overseas such as the Exploratorium in The Higher Education Advisory and carefully to re-establish a consensus in to it," Dr Roberts says. San Francisco which have been hugely Research Unit is preparing a videotape society, and the young post-war genera­ The simultaneous embracing and re­ successful with school groups and with introduction to the display. tion which seemed to threaten that con­ jection of industrialism was evident in the general public as an outing or tourist The Museum is constructing the ex­ sensus through excessive politicisation. the Nazi period. Anti-modern values attraction. hibits' "environment" and has con­ But Dr Roberts says that Tendenz­ were being loudly trumpeted at the same It will occupy Verdon Hall - a tributed expertise on artistic matters and wende has t.aken on a much wider mean­ time as the wheels of the huge armament significant part of the Museum's public ones of exposition. ing and now embraces the decisive shift industry were rolling. Now the impor­ exhibition space - for a year initially. It is expected that the new display will in values which members of the '60s tance of ongoing change in values lies in Melbourne's EXPERILEARN has its play an important part in the Museum's generation have themselves experienced. a fundamental Questioning of the origins in visits to the US - and to cen­ educational programs. It is possible that What is notable, he says, in the destructive priorities of industrial socie­ tres such as the Exploratorium - by some of the exhibits will form a Museum rethinking of jdeas about politics and ty and the ever more threatening arms Monash educationists Professor travelling exhibition in the future. society is the collapse of the Grand race. AUGUST, 1983 6 MONASH REPORTER ABOVE: An instant supply of Physics professors - one way of overcoming staff shortages! Professor Bill Rachinger enters the walk-in triangular kaleidoscope in which the visitor sees him­ self several thousand times and from many angles.

BELOW LEFT: What do rapidly-spinning ice skaters feel when they pull their arms to their side? A rapidly-spinning visitor can find out on this rotation platform. Here John Glpps, of Education, taks a whirl.

RIGHT: A perceptual puzzle - this wooden tri­ angle (look closely at it) cannot possibly exist yet it appears to. Senior lecturer in Education, Or Richard Gunstone, looks suitably puzzled.

BELOW: This ball, floating on a jet of air, is more difficult to remove than it appears. It illustrates what is known as the Bernoulli effect. Looking on are Or Gunstone, Ray Horan, Professor Richard White and Professor Rachinger.

• These photos were taken by Steven Morton in Monash workshops.

7 AUGUST. 1983 Olga Steinkalk Ph.D.: "An admirable and extraordInary· woman . . . " On May 4 this year Olga Stein­ remarkably considerate and concerned family and many of her friends. For a kalk displayed more of the cour­ for others and was most aenerous with year she shared the lot of behind-the-line Iter elme, her services and, witbin her partisans fighting the Genuans, a lot ageous determination that had limited means, her money. made no easier by semi-blindness propelled her through her Ph.D. "She was both an admirable and an because of the loss of her glasses with no She left her hospila' bed brieny 10 extraordinary woman." opportunity to replace them. return 10 Monash 10 receive her degree Dr Mary Nixon. senior lecturer in Post-war, Olga and her husband were at an Education graduation ceremony. Education, supervised Olga's research part of the human flotsam of Europe, Six weeks later - on June 21 - Olga over the last two years. Dr Nixon caUs fetching up for a while in Rome where died, aged 60. She had had a to-year her one of her finest students. she continued her studies at the U ni­ battle with cancer. "Throughout the treatment for her versity, with no previous knowledge of The dedication in the front of Olga's illness, Olga kept on working (at Rusden lIalion. thesis - titled "The Adaptation of where she was a lecturer in Psychology), In 1948 the Steinkalks were granted Soviet Jews in Victoria: A Study of continued the massive interviewing pro­ residency in Australia. Olga worked for Adolescent Immigrants and Their gram Bnd the research that was behind a while in a faclory but then went to the Parents" - gives insight into other her thesis, and participated in confer­ Howard Florey Institute as a laboratory events in her life. ences and the like. including at least one assistant. overseas. It is dedicated 10 her parents, Rachel In 1949 she attempted to resume her and Izaak Kowarski, and her siSler, "She was assisted throughout by a sludies but received a setback when Mel­ Basia, who did not survive the Holo­ loving and supportive husband, Ignace, bourne University would grant her no caust. who devoted himself to her, and by a credit for previous work. group of close friends. In 1963, however. she began part-time And it is dedicated to her only son "Having set her hand to the plough study which in the next 20 years would Mark, a young universily student who she wasn't going to take it orf until the see her gather a Bachelor of Science in died three years ago in a car accident. job was done." Psycholog~' (Melbourne), a Technical Says Emeritus Professor Ron Taft Olga (her given name was in fact Teacher Training Certificate, a Diploma who supervised her Ph.D. until his Elka) Steinkalk was born Into a middle­ of Educational Counselling (RMIT), a retirement: class Jewish family in August, 1922 in Master of Education and, finally, her "Olga could have been excused if she Vilna, which was then part of Poland. Ph.D. (bolh Monash). had been a biller and cynical person, or With the German occupation, she ned Olga was literate in six languages and • Dr Olga Slelnkalk even more deviant than thaI. She was into the forests 'with the help of her had a working knowledge of several \ none of these. On the contrary she was husband, thus escaping the fate of her others. Dr Steinkalk found that the greatest migrant groups and concentrate on The four concerns of Soviet hurdle the youngsters faced wa~ general problems, paying little attention Jewish immigrants ... becoming competent in English. She to the specific needs of small, records a typical anxiety - stepping off "minority" migrant groups. There is an the plane and thinking, "I'll never be argument in this for such programs to be able to talk properly". tailored to the needs of specific areas. • INTEGRATION Dr Steinkalk found that in a short Dr Steinkalk found that the immi­ while, with the acquisition of adequate grant adolescents had low self-esteem in English, the adolescents were generally their first years here, compared with faring well in academic programs at their parents or their Australian-born • LANGUAGE school. peers. This no doubt was caused by their She does warn, though, against lack of English, preventing ready schools' overemphasis on the acquisi­ acceptance at school. • SELF-ESTEEM tion of perfect English at the expense of other subjects. and comments favorably Identifying with Soviet on the integrated approach taken by some schools in which a Russian inter­ • IDENTITY preter sits with students in the classroom But it seems also to be part of the and conducts bilingual instruction "sorting.out" process on identity. A Melbourne study among recent Melbourne anc;l a similar number in outside the timetable. Dr Steinkalk found that the children Soviet Jewish immigrants has revealed Sydney. (It is unlikely to grow further While the immigrant students inte­ identified more with the Soviet Union that precisely those features which deter­ with Russia's reimposition of restric­ grated well academically, Dr Steinkalk than their parents. They did not partici­ mined Australia as their choice of tions on emigration.) found that they did have problems with pate in the decision to migrate. destination can become a source of diffi­ Dr Steinkalk concluded that what she social integration at school. The longer the adolescent's stay in cully. had found about the early group of Australia, however, the better the They include freedom of choice, arrivals held true for the larger com­ identification with this country. action and expression - in other words, munity. Tuition more important Dr Steinkalk's research shows up making decisions of a kind the immi­ She identified four sorts of problems some interesting shifts in the group on grants would be unaccustomed to they were encountering - ones of identity - from Russian to Australian making in the Soviet Union (on educa­ integration, language. self-esteem and This showed up in sports participa­ tion, occupation and a place of living, identity. tion, for example. and Jewish. for example). On the whole, however, she found Teachers claimed that the immigrant Over time, the children identified The Ph.D. study was completed in the that members of the group, highly children "avoided" sport. But for the more with "being Australian" than faculty of Education by the late Dr Olga anxious about their new life on arrival, students and their parents it was simply their parents who, in turn, developed a Slelnkolk. had integrated quite well into Australian a matter of priorities. They saw extra greater Jewish identity than their In 1978 Dr Steinkalk embarked on an society after only a few years. This was tuition as more important to ensure children. ambitious program to interview all the despite the fact that many of the adults, good progress in school. This was con­ On arrival, the adults did not have a Jews who migrated to Melbourne under who were generally well-educated, had sidered all-important in establishing relaxed exit provisions which applied in "paid the price" of immigration and great deal of contact with Jewish bodies. themselves at an appropriate level in Over time they became integrated into the Soviet Union in the second half of were working in jobs below the level of society. the 1970s. In the event, she interviewed those they ieft in the Soviet Union. the Jewish community and their sense of about 90 per cent of the community at In any case, the new arrivals had little "Jewishness" became more pro­ that time - some 225 people. She "feeling" for cricket or football, the nounced. males preferring a leisure activity such looked at them in two groups - adoles­ Differences in identity Another interesting difference cents aged 12 to 20 and their parents. As as chess and the females music and dancing. between parent!, and children occurred a background for her conclusions on the over the continuing use of the Russian adaptation of the adolescents she also Some of Dr Steinkalk's most interest­ In her thesis, Dr Steinkalk urges that language. While the parents were not interviewed a group of Jewish adoles­ ing observations are on how the adoles­ schools promote knowledge about the inclined to regard themselves as Russian cents born in Australia. cent immigrants adapt at school and on culture of countries from which their to the extent of maintaining a Soviet Dr Sreinkalk interviewed the immi­ differences in identity which emerge students come. identity, they wanted to retain use of the grants soon after arrival and then two to between them and their parents. She suggests that programs to increase Russian language for communication four years later. In addition, mid-1982 The adolescents auended a range of the sensitivity of teachers to migrant and viewed it as a desirable school she did an impressionistic foJlow.up schools, chiefly Jewish day schools and children and their needs have not been subject for their children. The adoles­ study of the community which had neighbourhood State schools which had entirely successful. They are inclined to cents were less inclined to hold this view grown by that lime to about 2500 in a significant Jewish population. focus on the larger and more visible of Russian. AUGUST. 1983 8 MONASH REPORTER -

Warning on . r----It's a warm, wet Winter--­ Improper disposal of 'hard' waste Monash's Safety Officer has urged University members to dispose of sharp or dangerous objects in the proper way. That is in hard waste containers NOT bins intended solely for soft rubbish. At the moment, says Alan Wilson, broken glass, hypodermic needles and other such objects are being discarded in "soft rubbish" bins . ..As a result of this carelessness, the University cleaning staff who handle these containers do so at the risk of per­ sonal injury." says Mr Wilson. "From time to time the risk becomes reality and a cleaner does get hurt. sometimes seriously - but always need­ lessly. "The University cleaners perform a Herculean task. More than five tonnes of rubbish are removed from the campus every day. "With so much to do, it is impossible for the cleaners to scrutinise the conlents of every waste conlainer. While they exercise all due care for lheir own pro­ tection, Ihey nevertheless depend on . .. At least at the Monash indoor heated pool where photographer Rk:k Crompton spotted these Grade 2 pupils from G~eenslopes others to do the right and sensible State School and their teacher Ruth Knight. Even in the dead of a Melbourne winter the pool gets good use weekdays and weekends thing... from Monash students and staff and members of the general public. The pool celebrates its first birthday next month. Signs of job market slump

A survey conducted by Monash's in in the starting salary stakes? private sector at around $16,000 on • Traditional private sector em­ Careers and Appointments Service The top earners are chemical average. Computer science graduates ployers of Arts graduates - particularly points towards a marked deterioration engineers whose starting salary on have been in demand but the report retailers and insurance companies ­ in the employment of graduates in the average is $17,700. Materials engineers n9tes signs that employment growth in have slackened off their demand. The private sector over the last year. are not far behind on $17 ,650, with this area is starting to slow. banking industry stands out as the area The annual survey is conducted pri­ other engineering graduates in the The "poor cousins" in private where graduate employment is growing marily to obtain information on SI7,OOOs. industry are Arts and accounting rapidly but many banks persist in the graduate starting salaries. graduates whose salaries are in the belief that mediocre accounting Law/ Arts graduates and Law/ Science graduates are the most suitable recruits. But thi~ year it has yielded these mid-$ 15,OOOs. Economics graduates graduates employed in industry (as An honours degree adds anything from indicators of the state of the job market: opposed to the profession) had average majoring in economics fare better at about SI6,300. $500 to $1500 to a starting salary, the • In 1982, some 88 private em­ starting salaries in the low Sl7,OOOs, with survey shows. ployers panicipating in the survey (they Law/ Economics graduates some $700 Says the report on employment trends in these areas: And how does the private sector com­ are selected through their involvement in below that. The irony is that these last pare with the public? the previous years' surveys, the Uni­ graduates are keenly sought in industry, • The chartered accounting profes­ In the Australian Public Service, versity'S Employer Information Pro­ mainly for taxation work. But the sion seems headed for slightly reduced graduates with three-year degrees have a gram, or by a listing in "Graduate Out­ chartered accounting proression gener­ graduate intake but presents itself starting salary of $14,650; four-year look") had recruited a tQtal of 1371 ally is positioned at the boltom of the attractively to graduate recruits and is degrees $15,120; second class honours graduates. In 1983, some 85 employers salary range, says the report, and this unlikely to be disadvantaged by the $15,600; and first class honours accounted for only 716 graduates. has a spin-orf for Economics/Law lower salary rates it offers. $16,080. • Last year six of the companies graduates. They are still substantially • Graduates whose training equips In the Victorian secondary teaching recruited 50 or more graduates. This better off than ir they were employed as them in the management of money are service, the salary for a recruit with a year there was only one employer in this articled clerks, however. likely to continue to find a strong three-year degree and a Dip.Ed. is category. Science graduates start work in the demand, particularly in banking. SI5,760. • A toral of 34 of this year's survey group recruited no graduates at all. In 1982 rhe figure was 17. On starting salaries as at April 30 this Open minds on psych. testing year, the survey shows up little move­ menr over 12 months. Graduates with A survey of a group of private sector em­ Says a C&A (omment on the survey: "Most Administration of lests was dl"kled fairly combined law and economics degrees ployers has found that more Ihan hair use companies seem to regard tesls as offerin, evenly bdwun companY-ctlllployed per_ recorded the highest percentage increase psychological testing in their selection of additional Information that provkles only sonnel (Sl per etnt) and use of exlerna. at 10.5 per cent; Arts graduates major­ emplOYffl. a part of tbe Information base used In consultants (61 per cent). Several recruUment or promolio. decisions." employen used both. ing in humanities, the lowest at 2.9 per Monash's CarftfS and Appointmenh Service Included a question on psycholo,ical The survey found thai quite a few companies cent. tesllng In its annual survey on graduate About 78 per etnt of those using tHiS did so which did nol employ professional The small increases (last year starting salaries. to assess general ability: 60 per cent made psychologists were usina psychological employers forecast that they would be in Some 55 per cent of the 75 employers who use or self~report Inventories; 46 per cent tesling. the order of 12 per cent) demonstrate responded '0 the question used some form used tests of attitudes and values; and 40 Will lhe day come thai "coHhina" in per~ how effective the wage freeze has been, of tesUna. Only one-third said that they per cent tests of Interests, alliludes and formina well in psychologkal testing will says a C&A report on (he survey, and had never used tests and were unlikely to values. Fi"e employers who used outskle be offered 'or job applicants? further renect the deterioration in do so. Four of the employers had discon­ consuUants to do the job professed ianor­ "I hope not," says C&A OUlcer, Mr Uonel employment or graduates in the private linued use of pS)'chological lests while ante of the Iype or tests being used. Parrott. "But In loday's competitln sector. another five had (heir use under con­ labour market, Job subrs are Increas­ sideration. Ingly well prepared." Employers predict that the average The most popular lests were: Kuder Personal The surve,. found tha' there were onl~" are,,"" Preference Record. Humm Wadswonh, Mr Parrott says his Interest in asking a ques­ increase in starting salaries between now firms with "dogmatic attitudes" on Sixteen Penonalily faclor Queslionnaire, tion aboul psychologlal tnUag was and the end or April 1984 will be about 4 psycholoKical (Hllng. Most appeared to Clerical Aptitude. Walson-Glaser Test of aroused by increasing requests from per cent. have an open mind on testing and some Critical Thinking, and ACER M«hanical students and graduates 'or information So how do difrerent graduates weigh were quite uncertain on its ' "alue. Reasoning. Ilbout them. MONASH REPORTER 9 AUGUST. 1983 Reorganisation urged

A. Monash professor of Education has argued for the re~ Professor While says that the new research is related to con­ organissllion 01· schools in ways which pay heed to recent scrucllvlsc .heories of learnina:. research on successful strategies for learning with The basic lenet of these theories is that learners construct understanding. their own meaning for each experience, whether it occurs In • As It Is, says Professor Richard White, schools organisation formal educational setting ()r outside, by relating it to prior is based on a 19th century view of learning - that the mind is knowledge; learners must be active and are responsible for a bucket which can be filled by dropping facts Into It, their own progress. Professor White recently delivered the John Smyth "Even when teachers strive to work in accord with those Memorial Lecture at Melbourne University on "The End of principles, the organisation of the school defeats them," says Schools as We Know Them: The Implications of recent educa­ Professor White. tional research for learning, teaching and school Powerful learning strategies take time and a consistent ap­ organisaUon" . proach to form. He says that research al Monash and elsewhere shows Ih.1 He says: "Tbe organisation of the school determines Ihe leaching Is nol a simple maUer of poking one fact after nature of the curriculum and both together limit the acts of another into heads. People have to learn how to learn. II has teschen. also identified suitable strategies for learning with understand­ "Faced wilh an array of teachers, all promoting acquisition Ing. of subject matter, and witb no models of older children to The capacity to sit through a course of instruction and pass follow. the learner has little chance of finding out how to examinations 01 the expeded sort, he pOints out, is no learn. guarantee of having acquired such "useful understanding". "The wonder Is not that so few do, but that any ever did."

I As they are ...

This is the organisation of secondary box, in each of which they are con· schools loday as Professor While sees it: fronted by an adult who spends all of his With few exceptions. the standard or her working week in these boxes. form is a division or a large number of During each interval. the adult II to t 7 year olds into lumps ofabout 20 presents knowledge to the children. If 10 30 each. they do not catch the knowledge, it is Schools are built as a collection of gone. The syllabus comes past but once. identically-sized boxes to accommodate In the course or a week each lump such lumps, and such lumps only. ex· meets from five to 10 or these ephemeral cept, if you are lucky. a hall which will adults, and each adult from five to to take the whole lot. lumps or up to 300 children. What one Everyone in each lump is aboul the adult says to a lump usually remains same age, which minimises the oppor· unknown to the other adults. tunity each student has to learn from At the beginning of each year the another or to instruct another. lumps reform. and it is a matter of The lumps are shifted at fixed inter­ chance whether a child meets again any vals, usually under an hour, from box to of the previous year's adults.

Here, Professor White pUIS forward one model for the alternative organisa· lion ofschools along lines which would As they might be ... Scholarships allow new learning strategies to be implemented. The Rtgislrar's deparlmenl has bttn advi~ This model would produce, he says, annual spill of positions, no yearly stop· school lies in arranging times with other eO of 1M following scholarships. The "greater learning, less waste, happier start. teachers. Under this arrangement there Reporler prHents a precis of the details. schools and a beller society". What must the students learn? First are no other teachers, no bells, no More information can be obtained from the Graduale Scholarships Ornee, ground noor, Professor White points out that it is and foremost, to become independent periods to work in. learners. Univfrslty Offices, extension J05S. only one possibility. The whole question New methods will become feasible, in­ Radio RHeareh Board Posldocloraff 0/ school organisation requires thought For compulsory content, my choice deed necessary, as the teachers will rare· Fellowship by many people, discussion and prac· would be basic numeracy (not a featur+ Iy want to talk to the whole group at For Ph.D. graduates, preferably under 30. licaltrial. of the present system); reading, in the once. They will spend a lot of their time $23,437-$25,446 plus other allowances. " The one criticism of this sketch that widest possible sense of the term; talking with, not to, studems, explaining Tenable up to two years. Applications close I will not accept ;s that it is not prac­ writing; speaking; public affairs; and information which the students have ac­ in Canberra on September 23. tical, " he says. "The present system is the natural universe. quired from books and other resources Sheil Pos'graduale Scholarship 1984. not practical but continues to operate. .. such as computers and finding out far For higher. degree studies in Arts, To these I would add whatever else Engineering or Science in the UK. Benefits in­ In this scenario for secondary educa· suits the interests of the teachers and the more than they can do now about their clude living costs, tuition and other tion, there would again be lumps of students: cooking. crafts, accountancy, students' understanding. allowances, plus return fares. Applications some 20 to 30 children, only this time languages, Roman coins, Chinese The teachers will have to watch over close in Melbourne on September 26. they would be of as diverse an age range history, anything. Though not compul­ each student's progress, but they will National Heart Foundation - Vacation Scholarships. as possible, II to 17 . sory. these chosen fields of interest must have time to do this and will find it easy Available to undergraduates 10 undertake be seen as important, not to be squeezed Associatcd with each lump would be as they come to know their students very research projects related to cardiovascular three adults, each of whom is allowed to out by the basics that all must acquire. well. function and disease. Tenable for six to eight work as a teacher only half-time. The A lot of time will be spem outside the One thing they will not have to worry weeks. Value: $85 a week. Applications close other half can be devoted to running a school. observing and doing in order to about is control. Discipline is largely a in Canbe.rra on OCiober I. family. working in a shop, farming, sit- · keep the school learning in touch with problem created by uniform age blocks lIT International Fellowships. For Master degree studies only, up to 21 ting in the Legislative Council, contem­ the larger world. That will be easier to and traffic management associated with plativc thought, fishing, anything except months in USA . Benefits include fares, fees, arrange than it is now, where a lot of the the period system and would not be an living and other allowances. Applications teaching. That prohibition on full-time difficulty in getting away from the issue in this arrangement. close in Canberra on October 31. teaching is intended to keep the school in touch with the larger society. The University Club - the one at 100 For further information contact Marg The three aduhs will overlap through Collins Street in the city - is conducting Sloss on 63 1607. the week, having at least one day when a membership drive among graduates all are present. Graduates: and staff of tertiar)' institutions. They will work with only one group of Established by the Graduates Union The Monash Graduates' Associalion children, except where their group com­ of Melbourne UnCvcrsity in 1901, the will hold its annual*** general meeting on bines wilh olhers. They will be wilh Ihat University Club is open lunchtimes and Wednesday, September 14 at 7.lOp.m., group as tong as they are in the school, a club and early evening, Monday to Friday, for upstairs in the Union. which should be years. The group will meals and drinks. never die: as some students leave, others Officers promise "a very short will join, and as one teacher goes In addition, it is open late on Friday AGM" followed by "excellent red wine another will come while the other two a meeting and Saturday nights and Sunday and some tasty cheese"• will be there to provide continuity. evenings for meals, socialising and There will be no sharp transitions. no entertainment. RSVP: Vicki Thomson .... 1001. AUGUST. 1983 10 MONASH REPORTER A 'noble stab' at Henry V In Review A HIGH LEVEL of commitment and involvement was evident in Monash Shakespeare Society's recently­ concluded production of Henry V at the Alexander Theatre. Tim Seoll and his cast made a noble stab at this difficult play. The direction was plain and straight­ forward - content to tell the story dearly without troubling about frills and refinements; but 10 tell it so that we are left with an attitude of ambivalence towards the King: Is he or is he not the great bero? The key scenes in this interpretation of Henry V as the hero confronted with the nastiness of war are the exchange between the soldiers and the disguised King the night before the battle and the following soliloquy of the King ... Yet, it is just in this scene and the soliloquy that a confusion arose in my mind. The Hamlet-like agonising of the King sat ill with an interpretation which stresses the anti-heroic - the able, ruthless and finally unsympathetic personality who treats the Southampton traitors summarily and poor honest William at Agincourt so cavalierly - and which yet gives a hollow ring to all the high-flown rhetoric. The interpretation is fine; maybe it was just not realised in performance. The post-Falstaffian clowning of Pistol and his • A scene from the recent production of Henry V at the Alex. The King (played by Greg Evans, front in white) inspires cronies is a poor echo in this play of the richer, more his army on the morning of battle. economical comedy we see in the Henry IV plays. This is perhaps a reason why it is so difficult in Henry V to The vast space created by open scaffolding and on an audience was that in a play of pageantry and make them funny, as well as providing clear-cut ramps could have suggested something of the scope ritual there wasn't much colour or tonal change. comment on the tiresome territorial claims of the King and scale of the thematic concerns of this play, but it Most members of the cast showed us how much an and his cronies. Il is just such a hard job in this play to defeated the actors and director alike. asset controlled enunciation is in Shakespeare. make these characters work, and I'm afraid they Too often scenes which needed to be opened up and Greg Evans' Henry had a scowling authority. He didn't the night I saw the play. played over a larger distance were confined to the gave a thoroughly competent reading of the King and triangular space on the stage floor, forcing naturalistic handled the narrative of the verse with clarity. He Furthermore the secondary characters are lumped playing and reducing the play. created a deliberate figure and must be congratulated together under dangerous half truths: all Frenchmen If the ramps had been used as acting areas, effective for his consistent style. are " either fops, bullies or madmen, apart from stage pictures could have been created. In scenes where Simon Minahan, doubling as Ely and Mountjoy, Mountjoy, and all Welshmen are leek-waving this was attempted, such as the scene before Harfleur established Mountjoy as a distinctive figure. He has a nationalists and all Irishmen illiterates. So the actors and in scenes between the Dauphin and the French real stage presence. are given only one-dimensional figures to work on, lords, the action was more exciting because the space AnHa Bins and Sahra Potts' playing of the scene taxing their skills. was used more excitingly. between Katherine and Alice was engaging and My dissatisfaction was therefore not fully the fault The necessity of making lengthy exits and entrances delightful even if Katherine's subsequent scene with of the actors. The play itself must bear some of the to reach the stage floor often impeded the flow of the King lost much of its delight due to the movement cost. From the actors we were offered an intelligent scene upon scene, making it difficult for any director patterns which seemed to necessitate that Katherine reading of the play. Their vocal abilities and capacity to be in -real control of the flow of action where scene cover large areas of the stage unnecessarily. to render the narrative sense of material was one of the could contrast or support scene and where actors Richard Dummery, doubling as Canterbury and the strengths of this production. could find the necessary energy to sustain the scene. French King, Huw Williams as Fluellen, Karin However, this does point up the fact that the Such deadening lengthy entrances had the further Derkeley as a 'boy' all maintained a good level and production was conceived in purely verbal terms and effect of impairing the rhythms of the play - an Sue Rocco was impressive as the Chorus. not in theatrical terms, and consideration of this point entering scene tended too often to pick up the rhythms Robert Holden leads me to discuss the set and its capacity to assist in of an exciting scene, making it difficult for actors to Head, Dance and Drama creating the stage pictures which underpin the action. find the rhythm and to revitalise the energy. The effect Victoria College, Rusden

Can't afford $1600-plus for Vol. lof Celia Rosser's monumental work on Banksias? Evening of Then why not invest a mere $5 in a Now Celia more modest publication that features no fewer than 28 of Celia's fine line Indian dance drawings namely, the Botany looks at department's book on "The Saltmarsh Performances of Indian classical Plants of Southern Australia"? dance will be presented in the Union "Saltmarsh Plants brings Theatre on August 10 and 2t at plants together the fruits of a considerable 7.30p.m. amount of teaching and research under­ Taking part will be members of Mel­ taken over a number of years by bourne's Nrithakshetra School of of a members of the Botany department. Dancing, under the direction of Shan thy An introduction to the 64-page pub­ Rajendran. lication acknowledges that salt marshes Sri lankan-born Shanthy is a 'vile are almost universally reviled - they are graduate of the Kalakshetra Dance flat, dank, and often the source of School in Madras and has toured India numerous biting insects ... "as well as and Europe with the Kalakshetra Dance flat featuring in many horror tales!" Troupe. She is considered one of the Nevertheless, Botany insists, they are finest exponents of Bharatha Nat yam. a "fascinating ecosystem, straddling, as one of the four main forms of Indian dank they do, the sea-land boundary". classical dance. Contributors to the publication in­ clude 01" Peter Bridgewater, Anne de Shamhy joined her husband in Mel­ world' Corona and Celia Rosser, with photo­ bourne four years ago. Rajanay.gan graphs by Bruce Fuhrer. It can be Rajendran is a postgraduate student in obtained from the Botany department Civil Engineering at Monash. ($5, or $5.60 posted) and will soon be Tickets for the Monash performance A \'iC'enn;a marino available through the Monash cost $5 and $3 (children) and may be Book,hop. booked on ext. 3448. MONASH REPORTER 11 AUGUST, 1983 An 1m• portant new Aboriginal play for Alex. An important new Australian play - wrillen by an Aboriginal and with an all-Aboriginal cast - will have a three-week season at the Alexander Theatre as part of its national tour. It is The Dr-eamers by Jack Otivis, on a number of levels - as Ihe Abori­ Western Australian poet. playwright ginal's notion of his origins and place in and actor. Mr Davis is one of the nine­ the pauern of existence; as the mYlhs member cast of the play which will be on and recollections of the recent past thai from August 30 to September 17, have brought him to where he is today; nightly at Sp.rn. and as the fantasies that ease the pain The production, which is being pre­ and cloud the desperation of a hopeless sented by the Alex. in association with reality. the Elizabethan Theatre Trust, marks a According to reviewer Mardy Amos "homecoming" for director Andrew in The Australian it is "an honest, Ross who was Monash's second director moving and richly humorous play" . of student theatre in the early '70s. "The Dreamers" is Mr Davis's "The Dreamers". while examining second play. His first, Kullark, was pro~ contemporary problems of Aborigines, duced by the National Theatre in Perth is billed above all as a comedy. It was in 1979 to celebrate WA's l50th anni­ first presented at the Festival of Perth in versary. 1982. The production's tour will also A former director of the Aboriginal take it to NSW, the ACT, Queensland Centre in Perth, Mr Davis became the • Cast members of The Dreamers: (left) Ernie Dingo as Eli, the playwright Jack Davia as and Tasmania. first chairman of the Aboriginal Lands Worru, Luke Fuller as Peter, and Alan Kickett as Roy The play's characters are a family of Trust in WA in 1971. He was also "Writing about this situation doesn't r----~------., urban "fringe dwellers". Uncle Worru, managing editor of Aboriginal Publica­ so much hurt me -I'm a practical Parents' Group a burly, white-haired old man (played by tions Foundation. person . . . but I see something that Davis), returns to his extended family He said recently about " The needs to be done so I' m saying it and from hospital. Worru, seeing only "a Dreamers" : doing it. dinner dance desert ahead and a desen behind" "The core of the play is that it's "It's all about making it real to The Monash University Parents' retums to Ihe bOilIe and increasingly talking about the Aboriginal situation people - getting them to have another Group will hold a dinner dance in tbe slips back to his own Dreamtime - his today. look from an eye-to-eye point of view." North·East Halls of Residence on Satur· tribal youth. "Aboriginal people living in the The touring production of the play day, August 20. The play contrasts the Aboriginal's country areas are still living back in the has most of the original cast of the Time, 6.30 pm for 7 pm. Cost, $40 a " now" - a sparsely furnished kitchen 19305 and those living in the city are Festival of Perth production. double. with the radio blaring - with " then" ­ supposed to be better off - but in Prices are $12.90 and $8 .90 (students) For further information contact Mrs the free spirit of the past. reality the whole race is about 50 years - below city theatre prices as Alex. Joy Williams on 728 1061. The concept of dreaming is explored behind their white counterparts. manager, Phil A'Vard, points out.

pres. by department of Accounting & H. S. Perlman, II: "Electrostatic political satire by W. S. Rendra, Pres. Finance. 9.30a.m. to 11.30a.rn. Phenomena", by Dr K. Thompson. by staff and students of the depart­ Lecture Theatres Rl & RS . Admission August Both lectures at 8p.m. Science Lecture ment of Indonesian & Malay. Aug. 10 free. Inquiries: ext. 2389. Theatre S5. Admission fre e . at 2 . l5p.m.: Aug. II & 12 at 7.30p.m. 20..21, INDIAN CLASStCAL DANCE by Inquiries: exts 363S, 3630. Room SGOl~2, Menzies Building. diary Admission: students SI, non-slUdents Nrithakshetra Dancers, 7.30p.m. 6-7, WEEKEND WORKSHOP - $1 .50. Inquiries: exts 2236, 2232. 2233. Union Theatre. Admission: adults S5, Synthetic dyes on natural fibres and children S3. Tickets, inquiries:ext. The events listed below are Open 10 Ihe 11: LECTURE - "Charismatic Leader­ fabrics, pres. by Arts & Crafts Centre. 3448. public. "RBH" throughout stands for ship", by Prof. Zvi Yavetz, Uni­ Fee: $40, bookings required . Further 20, SATURDAY CLUB (Bt •• Series) - Robert Blackwood Hall. There is a BASS versit y of Tel Aviv. Pres. by depart­ information: exts 3096, 31S0. "The Petra String Quanet". lickellng oullet on campus at the Alexander 6: ment o f C lass ical Studies. 1.10 p.m . SATURDAY CLUB (Blue Series)­ 2.30p.m. Alex. Theatn. Admission: ThHtre. Le-cture Theatre R2. Admission free. " Ace", 2.30p.m. Alex. Theatre. adults $6. children $4.75 . 3, ENVIRONMENTAL FORUMS - Inquiries: ext. 3250. Admission: adults $6, children $4 .75 . 21: CONCERT - The Claremont Trio. " Chemical Hazards in the Wo rk­ 12: AUSTRALIAN DANCE THEATRE Simon James - violin, Laurien place", by Nick Calabrese, Trades 9: LECTURE ­ "Modem Altitudes to - "Sweat". 7.30p.m. Alex. Theatre. Kennedy - 'cello, Aaron Shorr - Hall Council. 10: " Who Benefits Ancient Slavery", by Prof. Zvi Admission: adults $7.50; students, piano. 2.30p.m. RBH. Admission from Australian Energy Research?", Yavetl. University of Tel Aviv. Spon­ pensioners, unemployed S5; children, free. by Ian Lowe, Griffith University. sored by C lassical Assoc. of Victoria. standby $3. Performances also 22-Sop •. 3, SCHOOL HOLIDAY ATTRAC­ Both forums at 5p.rn. Graduale Sp.m . Lulure Theatre R6. Admission August 13 at 7p,m, and S.30p.m. TION ­ "Giant John". Weekdays at School of Environmenlal Sdence free. Inquiries: ext. 3250. 13, SATURDAY CLUB (Red Series) - 1O.30a.m. and 2p:m.; Saturdays at Seminar Room. Admission free. READINGS, POETRY AND " The Wonderful World o f Mr Men". 2p.m. Alex. Thealre. Admission: Inquiries: ext. 3840 PROSE Frank Kellaway. 10: Leon Bookings available only for 11.30a.m. adults S7, children $5. Bookings at all ANNUAL LECTURES ON INDO· Rooke and Constance Rooke. Pres. performance. Alex. Theatre. Admis­ BASS outlets. NF...sIA - "A Revisionist View of the by department of English with assist­ sion: adults $6, children $4.75. 28: CONCERT - Isabelle Townsend - Kraton from Blitar", oy Raharjo. ance of the Literature Board of the 14: CONCERT - Richard Runnels - mezzo soprano, Angela Dahr - "Kyai, Jago, Guru: Three Life Australia Council. All readings at horn, Thomas Pin schoff - nute, piano. 2.3Op.m. RBH. Admission Histories from Tegal", by Anton I.lOp.rn. English Drama Studio, Brachi Tilles - piano. Works by free. Lucas. 10: "Islam and the 'Earth Menzies Building. Admission free. Schubert, Duvernoy. 2.30p.m. RBH . JO..Sept. 11: PLAY ­ "The Dreamers" an Tiger': Religion in a Pesisir Village", Inquiries: exts 2140, 2141.. Admission free . Aboriginal play by Jack Davis. Pres. by Barbara Martin-Schiller. "Banyu­ 10-12: PLAY - "Sekda", an Indonesian 17, HSC ACCOUNTING LECTURES by the Australian Elizabethan Theatre wangi Culture and Indonesian State­ Trust. Sp.rn. Alex. Thntre. Admis­ craft: Social Relations at the Eastern sion: adults SI2.90; students, pen­ End of Java", by Ron Hatley. Pres. Important dates sioners, unemployed $S.90. Bookings by Centre of Southeast Asian Studies. at all BASS outlets. Both lectures at Sp.rn. Lecture Thealre R3. Admission free. The Registrar advises Ihe following lodged at Student Records by Ihe Inquiries: ext. 2197. imporlant dates for students in Augusi. beginning of third term . MONASH REPORTER 4, ABORIGINAL STUDIES LECTURES - "Aborigines and the 7: Courses and Careers (afternoon of The ..,,.t isAoe wi" he II M.ed law", by Mr Mick Dodson. II: informal advice and discussion, 1-4 .30 in the first week of Se...... " Film Making and Theatre", by Mr J: Application 10 Graduale Forms are now pm). 19113. Gerry Bostock . Both lectures al Ip.m . a".ilable from Siudeni RKords for Bachelor degree candidates in their final 8: Third term begins fo r Medicine VI Copy deadline 'I Frida,.. Le<'ture Theatn R6. Admission free. (Alfred Hospital student s). Inquiries: ext. 3335 . year who expect to qualify for their August 26_ Early copy I...lICIt LUNCHTIME CONCERT - degree at the fo rthcoming annual 12: Second term ends for Dip.Ed. .ppredated. Harpsichord recital by Harold Fabri­ exa minations and who wi sh to have th eir 13: Second term ends. kanl. II: Organ recital by Kenneth degree conferred at a graduation 20: Break begins for Ll.M . by coursework. Contrll>utio.. (Jellon, articles, Weir. l . lOp.m. Religious Cenlre. ceremony in 1984. Bachelor degree Second term ends for Medici ne IV. photos) aad ~ .....Id .. Admiss ion free. candidales musl appl~.. 10 have Iheir 22: Study break begins for B.Ed., B.Sp.Ed., add_ 10 the edItor (ext. 21103) cI­ HSC PHYSICS LECTURES - degrees conferred. Forms should be Dip.Ed,Psych., and M.Ed .SI. the Informadon offlce, ...... ftoot, " From Bohr to Probability", by Dr UnIversity Offlees.

AUGUST. 1983 12 MONASH REPORTER Pri nted by Waverley Offset PubliShing Group, 5605111. Typeset by BP Typesetting Pty. ltd., 561 2111