ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DA RAIZ E LÂMINA FOLIAR DE Saccharum L

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ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DA RAIZ E LÂMINA FOLIAR DE Saccharum L UNIVERSIDADE DE BRASÍLIA INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA BRUNO EDSON CHAVES ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DA RAIZ E LÂMINA FOLIAR DE Saccharum L. (POACEAE) NATIVAS DO BRASIL Brasília Julho, 2012 BRUNO EDSON CHAVES ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DA RAIZ E LÂMINA FOLIAR DE Saccharum L. (POACEAE) NATIVAS DO BRASIL Dissertação apresentada como requisito parcial à obtenção do grau de Mestre em Botânica. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica, Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade de Brasília. Orientadora: Profª. Drª. Dalva Graciano Ribeiro Brasília Julho, 2012 2 BRUNO EDSON CHAVES ASPECTOS ANATÔMICOS DA LÂMINA FOLIAR E RAIZ DE ESPÉCIES DE Saccharum L. (POACEAE) NATIVAS DO BRASIL Esta Dissertação foi julgada adequada para obtenção do Título de Mestre em Botânica, e aprovada em sua forma final pelo programa de Pós-Graduação em Botânica da Universidade de Brasília. Aprovado em ____/____/____ BANCA EXAMINADORA __________________________________________________________ Prof ª. Drª. Dalva Graciano Ribeiro (Orientadora) __________________________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Tarciso de Sousa Filgueiras (Membro titular) __________________________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Sueli Maria Gomes (Membro titular) __________________________________________________________ Profª Drª Micheline Carvalho Silva (Membro suplente) 3 A meus pais, irmãos e cunhados, meus queridos sobrinhos, demais familiares e amigos, por tudo que significam A Tia Paulinha (in memoriam) que se encontra viva nos corações de todos que a conheceram DEDICO 4 AGRADECIMENTOS A Deus por estar sempre presente, pela coragem que me deu para enfrentar mais este desafio, por me dar força e me ajudar sempre que a Ele recorro. À Profª. Dalva Graciano Ribeiro, por ter confiado em mim desde o nosso primeiro encontro e aceitado me orientar mesmo sem me conhecer direito. Pelo exemplo de dedicação e competência, por todos os ensinamentos transmitidos, compreensão, conversas construtivas, preocupação (inclusive com frio que passo no Centro-oeste), apoio e amizade. Muito obrigado! À Universidade de Brasília pela concessão da moradia; ao Programa de pós-graduação em Botânica da Universidade de Brasília pela oportunidade do curso; à Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES, pela bolsa concedida. Aos meus pais, pelo amor incondicional, confiança e incentivo em todas as etapas trilhadas por mim. Obrigado por sempre estarem presentes e dispostos a ajudar no que for preciso. Estive mais perto, mas às vezes tão longe, obrigado pela paciência e compreensão. Aos meus irmãos e cunhados: Manuela (Lelinha), Isabela (Bebel), Breno, Daniel, João Paulo e Rafaela; pela constante preocupação, cumplicidade, apoio em todos os momentos, palavras de incentivo e por sempre acreditarem em mim. Aos meus sobrinhos Daniel Lucas, Linus e João Pedro (meu afilhado querido), pela alegria que sempre me proporcionaram nos curtos períodos que ia visitá-los, peço desculpa pela minha ausência e não poder ter acompanhado vocês mais de perto. A meu primo Fred Luiz e a Carol (sua esposa), antes de tudo obrigado por terem me recebido tão calorosamente em Brasília, uma cidade, até então, tão estranha. Obrigado pelo convívio, saídas e conversas inspiradoras sobre os mais diversos assuntos. E por ter me mostrado uma Brasília diferente o que me fez realmente gostar cada vez desta cidade. Aos professores do Departamento de Botânica da UnB, em especial a Profª. Carolyn Proença, Profª. Micheline Carvalho Silva, Profª. Lourdes I. V Amaral (in memoriam), Profª. Regina Célia Oliveira, Profº. Paulo Câmara e Profª. Cássia Munhoz, pelo conhecimento transmitido durante as aulas e fora delas. E ao Prof. Pedro Eisenlohr pelos ensinamentos em estatística. Ao Prof. Tarciso S. Filgueiras, Profª Sueli M. Gomes e Profª. Micheline Carvalho Silva que gentilmente aceitaram o convite para participarem da banca. Ao Prof. Tarciso S. Filgueiras pela identificação das espécies. 5 À Silvia D. C. Fernandes, obrigado pelo apoio, conselhos, ensinamentos, ajuda nos campos (por que não foram poucos), amizade e por sempre me tranquilizar quando estava mais preocupado. Ao José Geraldo A. Paiva (Zé), Nádia S. D. N. Somavilla e Maria Teresa Faria por tudo que me ensinaram, por muitas vezes terem escutado as minhas preocupações, pelas sugestões, dicas nos procedimentos anatômicos, empréstimos de materiais e pelo apoio durante todo o mestrado. Ao Prof. Augusto C. Franco e Profª Cristiane por disponibilizarem o carro para a coleta e do microscópio para registro fotográfico do material anatômico. À Profª Sônia N. Báo e a toda a equipe do Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura, em especial a Ingrid, Felipe, Mauro e Márcia, pelo apoio material e técnico, e pelas boas conversas. Ao aluno de doutorado da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul Cassiano A. D. Welker pela coleta e envio de amostras, especialmente de S. asperum, espécie que nos deu muito trabalho para encontrar. Ao Dr. Jean Claude Autrey da International Society of Sugar Cane Technologists (ISSCT) pela gentileza de sempre disponibilizar referências bibliográficas importantes que eu não achava em lugar nenhum. À Profª. Lourdes I. V Amaral (In memorian), Profª. Sueli M. Gomes, Profª. Regina Célia de Oliveira, Prof. José Francisco M. Valls e Prof. Luiz Alfredo, pelas contribuições na fase de projeto ou de qualificação. Ao Adriano J. B. Souza e a Emília P. Braga que, desde a seleção (ou antes dela), sempre acreditaram em mim. Obrigado pelo incentivo e por estarem sempre disponíveis para me ajudar e tirar minhas dúvidas, principalmente as de estatística. Aprendi muito com vocês. E, claro, obrigado pelas saídas de campo que me fizeram gostar mais ainda do Cerrado. À Izabelly S. Sant’Anna, amiga com quem compartilhei muitos momentos durante o mestrado, desde frustrações à alegrias; por toda a força, parceria e ajuda. Ao amigo William S. Carmo (Will) obrigado por sempre me escutar, pela disposição de ajudar, paciência, bom humor, e por ter topado me acompanhar na aventura que foi o Grande Sertão Veredas. À Mayara R. Lima e Eliana M. L. Pinheiro pelas risadas, saídas de campos, preocupações, momentos extra-acadêmicos e pela força. Aos colegas e amigos que fiz durante o mestrado em especial à Jéssika P. Vieira, Daniel Villaroel, Raissa G. Leite, Nayra N. Bomfim, Renata Cristina C. Silva, Abel E. R. Soares e Alan L. A. Faria, as demais pessoas da anatomia, à turma da fisiologia e do herbário, obrigado pela convivência, companheirismo e amizade. 6 Aos técnicos e estagiários que passaram pelo Laboratório de Anatomia Vegetal, em especial a Daiane e Jéssika pelos ensinamentos, convivência e apoio. Ao Vando pela companhia e apoio nas viagens de campo. Aos vigilantes do turno da noite do IB, Paulo, Paulo Henrique e Gilvan que sempre torceram por mim e com suas histórias tornavam o final de um dia de laboratório um pouco mais agradáveis. A equipe da Fundação Pró-Natureza (FUNATURA) e do Parque Nacional Grande Sertão Veredas, em especial a funcionária Paula Leão e ao guia Sr. Idelino. A equipe do Parque Nacional das Emas, PN Chapada dos Veadeiros, PN de Brasília, Estação Ecológica de Águas Emendadas e Reserva Ecológica do IBGE, e as pessoas que conheci durante as coletas. Obrigado pela colaboração e por permitir acesso às reservas para procurar as plantas. Ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia – INMET, pelo fornecimento dos dados climáticos, sem os quais seria impossível fazer parte do trabalho. A minha avó, tios e primos que, apesar da distância física, sempre me apoiaram e deram força durante todos esses anos. Aos amigos Renata S. Chikowski e Rafael D. Oliveira que, mesmo distantes geograficamente, participaram ativamente de várias etapas do trabalho e sempre se mostraram disponíveis nos momentos que mais precisei. Não importa a distância, nossa parceria continua incrível. Aos demais amigos da UECE, pela amizade e momentos de risadas seja quando eu ia à terra natal ou pela internet. Ao Prof. Oriel H. Bonilla e a Profª. Roselita M. S. Mendes pelo grande incentivo, conselhos, ensinamentos, amizade e por me inspirarem ao estudo acadêmico. À Profª. Delmira da Costa Silva da UESC que me fez compreender como a anatomia vegetal é interessante, me fazendo despertar o interesse por esta área. À D. Lídia, agradeço a preocupação e o cuidado que teve comigo durante meu 1º ano de mestrado. Ao Bráulio, Dinei e em especial a Gislanne (Gi) pela amizade e toda a torcida. A todos comm que tive o prazer de conviver na Colina, em especial ao Fernando Garcez, Almir de Paula e Virgílio Tomás, pela amizade, sugestões e incentivo. Aos amigos de longas datas Roberto Morel, Thiago Vasconcelos e Thaís Câmara. E a Kele Arcanjo e Águeda Fortes. Obrigado pela torcida, força, risadas e palavras de incentivo em todos os momentos. A todos aqueles que estiveram direta ou indiretamente presente na realização deste trabalho. Peço desculpas se, pela falta de lembrança deixei alguém de fora, mas saibam que sou grato a todos. 7 “A natureza é grande nas coisas grandes e grandíssima nas pequeninas” Saint-Pierre “Lá realmente é o meu lugar. Cada volta minha é um regresso e sinto que lá é o meu permanente” Rachel de Queiroz 8 LISTA DE FIGURAS Capítulo 1 Figura 1. Secções transversais da raiz de Saccharum angustifolium (Nees) Trin. .......... 70 Figura 2. Secções transversais da raiz de Saccharum asperum (Nees) Steud. ................ 71 Figura 3. Secções transversais da raiz de Saccharum villosum Steud. ...........................
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