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Sublethal Effects of Insecticides Used in Strawberry on Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

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Sublethal Effects of Insecticides Used in Strawberry on Trichogramma Pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350336683 Short communication: Sublethal effects of insecticides used in strawberry on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Article in Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research · March 2021 DOI: 10.5424/sjar/2021191-17235 CITATIONS READS 0 40 5 authors, including: Emily Araujo Jose Manuel Miras-Avalos Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA) Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón 20 PUBLICATIONS 36 CITATIONS 203 PUBLICATIONS 997 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak Universidade Federal do Paraná 65 PUBLICATIONS 300 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Colhendo Bons frutos: da academia ao campo View project First record View project All content following this page was uploaded by Jose Manuel Miras-Avalos on 13 April 2021. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 19 (1), e10SC01, 6 pages (2021) eISSN: 2171-9292 https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-17235 Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA) SHORT COMMUNICATION OPEN ACCESS Sublethal effects of insecticides used in strawberry on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) Daniel M. Alano1, Emily S. Araujo1, José M. Mirás-Avalos2, Ida C. Pimentel3 and Maria A. C. Zawadneak1 1 Federal University of Paraná, Dept. of Basic Pathology, Laboratory of Entomology Professor Ângelo Moreira da Costa Lima, Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil 2 Centro de Investigación y Tecnología Agroalimentaria de Aragón (CITA), Unidad de Suelos y Riegos (asociada a EEAD-CSIC), Av. Montañana 930, 50059 Zaragoza, Spain 3 Federal University of Paraná, Dept. of Basic Pathology, Laboratory of Microbiology and Molecular Biology (LabMicro), Av. Cel. Francisco H. dos Santos, s/n, Curitiba 81531-980, Brazil. Abstract Aim of study: Assessment of toxicity and sublethal effects of registered insecticides currently used in strawberry cultivation in Brazil on Trichogramma pretiosum Riley adults. Area of study: The study was conducted under laboratory conditions in Paraná (Brazil). Material and methods: Previously non-parasitized Duponchelia fovealis Zeller (Lepidoptera: Cambridae) eggs were dipped into insecticide dilutions or control solution. Seven active ingredients were tested: thiamethoxam, abamectin, azadirachtin, spinetoram, chlorfenapyr, lambda-cyhalothrin and chlorpyriphos. Side-effects of pesticides were quantified by measuring mortality on T. pretiosum females in 24 h, longevity after exposure to the insecticides, parasitism and emergence rates, and offspring sex ratio. These traits were also measured on the second generation. Main results: According to IOBC criteria, thiamethoxam was classified as harmless; abamectin, chlorfenapyr and spinetoram as slightly toxic; azadirachtin and lambda-cyhalothrin as moderately toxic and chlorpyriphos as toxic. The emergence rate of T. pretiosum second generation was not significantly affected by thiamethoxam, abamectin, azadirachtin, and chlorfenapyr. Sublethal effects caused by azadirachtin, abamectin and chlorfenapyr were verified in the second generation. Research highlights: The information generated by this study is useful for designing future biological control strategies in integrated pest management programs against D. fovealis. Additional key words: selectivity; biological control; egg parasitoid Abbreviations used: AI (active ingredient); E (percentage of reduction of the capacity of a given biological feature); IOBC (Internatio- nal Organization for Biological Control); IPM (Integrated Pest Management); SE (standard error); RH (relative humidity). Authors’ contributions: ICP and MACZ obtained funding, supervised the work and coordinated the research project. DMA and MACZ designed the study. DMA performed the laboratory trials. JMMA, ESA and DMA analyzed and interpreted the data. JMMA and ESA wrote the manuscript. All authors read, critical revised the manuscript for important intellectual content and approved the final manuscript. Citation: Alano, DM; Araujo, ES; Mirás-Avalos, JM; Pimentel, IC; Zawadneak, MAC (2021). Short communication: Sublethal effects of insecticides used in strawberry on Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae). Spanish Journal of Agricultural Re- search, Volume 19, Issue 1, e10SC01. https://doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2021191-17235 Supplementary material (Table S1 and Fig. S1) accompanies the paper on SJAR’s website Received: 21 Jul 2020. Accepted: 23 Mar 2021. Copyright © 2021 INIA. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 Interna- tional (CC-by 4.0) License. Funding agencies/institutions Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior – CAPES Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Correspondence should be addressed to Emily S. Araujo: [email protected] Introduction and highly efficient for controlling Lepidoptera pests (Feltrin-Campos et al., 2019). Among these pests, the The members of the Trichogrammatidae family rank European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis Zeller among the most important biotic agents employed (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is widely distributed and around the world (Gallego et al., 2019; Araujo et causes crops losses in Europe, Asia, Africa, and North al., 2020; Schäfer & Herz, 2020). The Trichogram- America (CABI, 2020). Duponchelia fovealis is consi- matidae family consists of parasitoids of insect eggs; dered a key-pest for strawberry in European countries they are amenable to mass production (Jalali, 2013) (Bonsignore & Vacante, 2010) and was also detected 2 Daniel M. Alano, Emily S. Araujo, José M. Mirás-Avalos et al. in South America attacking strawberry fields in Brazil Zeller (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) from a laboratory co- (Zawadneak et al., 2017). lony. The eggs were glued with arabic gum (30 %) onto In Brazil, registered chemical pesticides to control Eu- blue paper cards (4 × 1 cm) and exposed to adult T. pre- ropean pepper moth on strawberry (Ministério da Agricul- tiosum in glass vials (10 × 1.5 cm). After 24 h of expo- tura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, 2020) are lacking, which sure, the cards were transferred to new glass vials, where has led farmers, agricultural technicians and researchers they were held until adult emergence. Adult T. pretiosum to seek for alternatives, including biological control were provided with honey as droplets smeared on the agents such as parasitoids of the Trichogrammatidae fa- inside wall of the glass vials. mily (Rodrigues et al., 2017). Since the Trichogramma genus consists of cosmopolitan parasitoids, understan- ding host interactions is an essential step for developing Insecticides a biological control strategy, as different species exhibit variations in host preference (Paes et al., 2018; Tabebord- Seven commercial formulations, with different in- bar et al., 2020). Trichogramma galoi Zucchi and Tricho- secticide AIs were used (IRAC, 2020), as listed in Table gramma pretiosum Riley proved promissory to be used S1 [suppl]. These compounds were selected because of in the biological control of D. fovealis (Paes et al., 2018). their current and main use in the chemical management However, non-selective pesticides in agricultural produc- of pests in strawberry crops in Brazil. The doses tested tion systems pose a limitation to the successful implemen- were the maximum authorized or recommended by the tation of biological control programs employing Tricho- manufacturer. Application rates of the insecticide formu- grammatidae due to their sensitivity to insecticide active lations were prepared by diluting the products in distilled ingredients (AIs) (Gallego et al., 2019). Furthermore, the water according to the manufacturer’s instructions for the effect of pesticides used in strawberry crops in Brazil on maximum field dose allowed. the fitness of Trichogramma species for D. fovealis eggs has been scarcely studied (Rodrigues et al., 2017). In this context, the current work aimed to assess the toxicity and Bioassays with the adult stage of Trichogramma sublethal effects of insecticides registered and currently pretiosum used in strawberry cultivation in Brazil on T. pretiosum by applying them on D. fovealis eggs in pre-parasitism Previously non-parasitized D. fovealis eggs were trea- non-choice tests. ted by dipping the cards (20 eggs each) into the insecti- cide dilutions or control solution for 5 seconds according to de Paiva et al. (2018). Then, the cards were air-dried Material and methods for 1 hour and then transferred to glass Petri dishes (9 × 1 cm) with filter paper to remove moisture excess at am- Insects bient temperature. Each card was offered to aT. pretiosum female (24 h old) separately in a glass vial (5 × 1 cm). Duponchelia fovealis were obtained from a laboratory After 24 h of exposure, the cards were removed and trans- colony (Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, ferred to a clean glass vial until parasitoid emergence. The Brazil) established from wild locally-collected insects female was fed on honey droplets. The side-effects of the and reared at 25 ± 2 °C, 70 ± 10 % RH (relative humidi- insecticides were quantified by measuring the mortality ty), and a 14:10 h light:dark photoperiod as described by of T.
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