Ground Water Association

Volume 16, Number 1: March, 1997

as a research project, that I should President’s Column Along the Great Wall: (re)locate and map the springs of the by Ray Wuolo Mapping the Springs of the Twin Cities. Last year, a manufacturing client Twin Cities I found inspiration in one of the great- asked me what local “trade” organiza- est spring-hunters of all time, James tions I belonged to and I dutifully be- by Greg Brick Reuel Smith, whose Springs and Wells gan to recite a litany of professional or- of Manhattan and The Bronx was pub- ganizations to which I paid dues. “No!” “lf is to this ignorance or oblivion that lished in 1938. Smith bicycled around the lady interrupted, “I don’t care the city spring-hunter owes much of Manhattan at the end of the nineteenth about your licenses and certifications. the charm and enjoyment of a quest century describing and photographing I want to know where you get the lat- which yields in a measure the excife- springs just before they were obliter- est news on the things you work on ment of a voyage of discovery Greatly ated by the tide of urbanization that every day. You know, your ‘trade’.” satisfying indeed is the draught from a swept northwards up that island. After What I work on every day? Some spring where none is said to exist, and an area becomes covered with paving days, I’m drawing geologic cross sec- which has been come upon afferpa- and buildings most rainwater is carried tions and on others, I’m working up an fienfly and inductively following a frail off by sewers, and there is little re- engineering analysis. There are those marked only by a moistened stone charge. here, a willow farther on; and then a days when I feel like I’m a lawyer and Smith’s account was full of picturesque days when I’m glad I’m not. Some- piece of watercress.” James Reuel Smith (1852-1935) detail. How surprising it is, for exam- times, I’m a chemist and sometimes I ple, to look at a photograph of what ap- get to be a writer, a graphics designer, The modern groundwater professional pears to be a doghouse or an out- or an artist. But the one thing that all can become so accustomed to associ- house on a street corner, only to read of those days have in common is “the ating groundwater with wells as to for- that it was in fact a springhouse-one thing I work on”: ground water. I told get that there is another whole side of of the ancestors of the modern refrig- her that my “trade” organization is the the subject, the study of springs. erator! According to Smith, the New Minnesota Ground Water Association. While no longer an important source York City Health Department put Paris I occasionally need to be reminded of drinking water in this country, Green, a deadly poison, in springs and that ground water is not a discipline or springs are still useful for monitoring wells, to discourage the use of these a profession but a natural resource; groundwater pollution, or in defining fever-inducing waters. They preferred and a vital one, at that. It never aquifer characteristics, as shown in a that everyone drink water from the Cro- ceases to amaze me how many differ- recent article by Werner (1996). ton Aqueduct. Not surprisingly, Smith ent professions, backgrounds, and Water wells drilled in Minnesota since found that local residents often were re- view points are involved in ground the mid 1970s have been assigned luctant to tell him where their springs water issues. If you don’t believe me, unique numbers by the Minnesota De- were. try sitting with a group of geologists partment of Health. Older wells also -continued on page 2 and engineers and ask them to agree are being located and assigned on the definition of “hydrogeologist”. It unique numbers. No such database won’t happen. Ground water is not the exists for springs. USGS quadrangles Table of Contents exclusive domain of geologists, engi- usually omit them. The nearest thing I neers, chemists, planners, or lawyers. to a description of the springs of the Understanding, protecting, remediat- Twin Cities was George M. Schwartz’s ing (and sometimes eliminating) Geology of the -St. Paul ground water requires an extremely Metropolitan Area (1936), which in- eclectic mix of skills. Many of us are cluded a classification scheme and very knowledgeable in one or several chemical analyses. There were major disciplines that we can apply to the omissions, however. Neither the larg- study of ground water but none of us est nor the most famous springs in can, with a straight face, claim that we Minneapolis, for example, were men- are “experts” in “ground water,,. tioned. It was toward filling this void that Professor Calvin Alexander, at the Board Meeting Minutes.... 10 -continued on page 2 , suggested, I

MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 I President’s letter, cont. ent. How many of you really want a I had some nasty falls (I was wearing two-day symposium on automated in- old dress shoes at the time), and verse optimization methods for flow nearly ended up with frostbite. At the MGWA is an organization devoted, model calibration? Let me hear what end of the day, as the sun was setting, not to a profession, but to a natural re- you think would be a good (fun) fall I remember going down on my belly source, the “thing” we work on every field trip or an interesting topic for a fall and slithering behind an icicle as stout day. short course. as an oak tree, to get to the next foot- On that note, the dream (or night- *Editor’s Note: At press time, the draft hold. Needless to say, I hadn’t covered mare, depending upon your point of rule developed by the Geoscience much ground. The mapping project dis- Licensure Task Force was scheduled integrated into the bleak prospect of view) of geoscience registration is fi- to be published in the March 3, 1997 nally at hand. Whether you’re a propo- inching across miles of treacherous State Register for a 30-day comment scree in sub-zero weather. I decided to nent, opponent, or indifferent to the period. concept, registration will soon be a re- postpone operations until summer, and ality, probably during this calendar the delay proved fortunate. The year year.* The prospect raises a lot of 1993 was to be notorious for heavy questions: Who can register? Who Springs, cont. rainfall (and extensive flooding) in the must register? You mean, I might Smith had described some very minor Upper Mississippi Valley, enough have to take a test? How much is it springs (including dry ones), refer- water to revive even the most dormant going to cost me? What do you mean encing their locations according to the springs, some of which I was never to I can get sued? What is “grandfather- Manhattan street grid. My own map- see again. ing” and why isn’t it called “grand- ping project, using topographic quad- When I resumed mapping, I found that mothering”? Who can legally design a rangles, could not aim at such com- the springs were not randomly distrib- well? Do I get a cool stamp? I hope pleteness. Surficial springs at low uted. After plotting just a few of them you get my drift - many of us prob- points in glacial drift, a consequence among the contour lines a striking pat- ably haven’t seriously considered of poorly integrated post-glacial drain- tern emerged. Most springs fell into how geoscience registration may af- age, were far too common, and re- one of about seven different spring- fect us but now we probably should quired extensive access to private lines, each of which represented a think about it some. The spring property. I chose to limit systematic perched water-table at a contact be- prospecting to springs visible in the MGWA meeting will focus on the up- tween rock formations, porous rocks coming geoscientist registration re- gorge of the . This underlain by impervious beds. I will de- wall of bedrock exposure, 80 feet high, quirements. Stay tuned for time and scribe the springs in terms of the place. Hopefully, this will be your op- stretching from St Anthony Falls to Hastings, became an enduring motif. spring-lines to which they belong, in portunity to ask that probing question descending order of elevation (see Fig- that didn’t seem so important when My first attempt at mapping, in Janu- ures 1 and 2). registration was a concept that didn’t ary, 1993, lasted all of a day. I had cost you anything. framed the plan of locating the springs The highest (and shortest) spring-line followed the Galena Limestone-Deco- I’m looking forward to this upcoming in wintertime. Springwater freezes to form icicles on the bluffs, and in the ab- rah Shale contact. The springs year as your president. This organiza- emerge high up on the walls of the tion has been very fortunate to have sence of leaf cover, mapping should be as easy as strolling along the oppo- “amphitheaters” formed by the aban- had so many dedicated Board mem- doned claypits of the former Twin City bers and volunteers. We will miss the site bank with a clipboard. But I found regular assistance of our outgoing that at a distance of a quarter mile (the Brick Company, in Lilydale Park (West past president, Cathy O’Dell, and our width of the gorge) it was difficult to St. Paul). They are most conspicuous treasurer, Paul Putzier. They devoted distinguish, even with binoculars, ice in winter, when their frozen cascades much time to MGWA and deserve our formations created by springs, from become the most popular ice-climbing gratitude. We welcome Paula Berger those by culverts, etc. It also appeared spot in the cities. In summer, a sea of as our new President elect and Paul that the size of an ice formation was in- cattails covers the floors of the Bulger as our new Treasurer. I have versely proportional to the discharge. claypits. This type of spring is common checked the bylaws and have been Small seeps, which I didn’t care to throughout Minnesota’s karst regions. assured that the initials “PB” are not a map, create large formations because The second highest spring-line fol- prerequisite for service on the Board. their output freezes on the formations lowed the glacial drift-Decorah Shale Sometime during the life of every or- themselves, while large springs melt contact. This type had been recorded ganization, the membership gets a everything nearby. For these reasons, by Winchell (1888) and diagrammed plea from a new president, asking for I had to be right up at the outcrop. by Schwartz & Thiel (1954). When plot- input. You know, “Help me make this The close-up approach proved fatigu- ted, they formed a pattern on the map organization your organization.” ing-and dangerous. I spent more that I nicknamed, for my own amuse- When I read that, I generally think, time mountaineering than mapping. I ment, “St. Paul’s diamond necklace:” a “You must’ve wanted the job, so you had to walk along the top of a wedge great loop of two dozen springs, about come up with the ideas!” Well folks, I of loose stones that mantled the foot eight miles long, beginning near the have a lot of ideas but your concept of the bluffs. This material, at the an- Cathedral in downtown St Paul, loop- of relevant and mine could be differ- gle of repose, was concealed by snow. -continued on facing page

2 MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 Springs, cont. The primary objectives of 1996 Board of Directors ing south round Highland Park at the the MGWA are: Past President 850-900 ft level, then north again to Gretchen Sabel l Promote and encourage scien- the Town & Country Club, at the Lake Minnesota Pollution Control Street bridge, where it ends. Since tific and public policy aspects of ground water; (612)297-7574 the contact was not visible, its pres- FAX (612)282-6247 * Establish a common forum for ence was inferred based on the eleva- [email protected] tion of the top of the Decorah Shale, scientists, engineers, planners, as determined from the bedrock to- educators, attorneys, and other President pography map of Mossler (1992). persons concerned with ground Ray Wuolo water; Barr Engineering Mapping the Decorah spring-line l Educate the general public re- (612)832-2696 through the INine Street area of St. garding ground water resources; FAX (612)832-2601 Paul, below Summit Avenue, was the and [email protected] most scenic part of the project. His- toric houses cling to the steep slopes, l Disseminate information on President Elect and I was spring-hunting among the ground water. Paula Berger gables. At a place called “Rue Envionmental Strategies Corp. Eugene-Dupont,” water poured from ous can walk behind [Montcalm Es- (612)343-0510 a crack in the driveway, streaming tates], and by peering down the man- FAX 343-0506 downhill along the switchbacks, be- hole grating, see the flow of the [email protected] fore vanishing into a sewer. Where spring from the hillside above, run- Secretary/Membership the spring-line crossed Grand Ave- ning at its constant 27 gallons a Jan Falteisek nue, I found ornate lampposts with minute.” Being morbidly curious, I had Minnesota DNR water gushing from their bases, to remove the grating and descend (612)297-3877 which were swathed with filamentous into the manhole itself, where I found FAX(612)296-0445 algae. Along Pleasant Avenue (as at springwater pouring from the mouth [email protected] its intersections with St Albans and of a pipe. with St Clair), there were retaining Treasurer walls built of limestone rubble ma- Further along, at Sunny Slope Lane, Paul Bulger behind Sibley Plaza, I encountered a sonry, at the foot of which there were (612)944-2430 rivulet flowing in the street, and traced springs. A local resident recalled that it to a private residence (#1760). Had Editor his parents used to drink water from I not been walking a spring-line, I Tom Clark the Pleasant Street springs. would have missed this spring, be- Minnesota Pollution Control Highland Spring is the most famous cause it was easy to assume that (612)296-8580 Decorah spring. Located near what is someone had left a garden hose run- FAX(612)296-9707 today the intersection of Randolph ning in the front yard. Contacting the [email protected] and Lexington, this spring supplied owner, I learned that there was a trap- Advertising Manager the Nettleton dairy farm (1871-1885) door in the basement that could be Jim Almendinger and was bottled and sold by the lifted to view the spring. It is likely that St. Croix Watershed Research Station Wardell family (1900-1965)’ the only there are many more stories of this (612)433-5953 commercial springwater produced in character, that go unrecorded. FAx(612)433-5924 St Paul. Empson (1975), who re- Walking the spring-line shed light on [email protected] searched the history of this spring, wrote that “Today the spring is routed Business Management & into the sewer system, but the curi- - continued on next page Publications Dr. Jeanette Leete Watershed Research, Inc. (612)426-8795 FAX (6 12)426-5449 [email protected] @Minnesota Ground Water Association. Material in this publication may be reprinted if appropriate credit is given. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily re- flect official MGWA policy unless Figure 7: Cross Section of Mississippi River at Robert Street, St. Paul, Looking expressly stated as such. upstream. From: Schwartz and Thiel(1954).

MGWA Newsletter,March I997 I I I I I I I I I I I I there is a grotto and basin, con- presently in danger of being obliter- Springs, cont. structed of cobbles mortared together. ated by a realignment of Highway 55. other features. At St Catherine’s Col- The fourth highest spring-line fol- The 1839 Plympton map depicted lege there is Dew Drop Pond, about lowed seams of bentonite in the Plat- other springs in the vicinity, such as an acre in size, which I had known teville Limestone. This bentonite, a Big Spring and “Four Springs,” near about for years. Its 890-ft elevation clay, resulted from volcanic ash-falls where the Mall of America now now suggested to me that it was fed in Ordovician times (Sloan, 1987). stands. by Decorah springs. It has the melan- While all the springs hitherto dis- But of all the springs in the Twin Cit- choly distinction of being the only lo- cussed were found in St Paul, this ies, the only one to achieve national cal spring in which people have type was confined to Minneapolis. fame was Chalybeate Springs, a Plat- drowned. Thus, generally, while St Paul is a city teville spring just below St Anthony Finally, the “necklace” ended at the of Decorah springs, Minneapolis is a Falls. Previous to the Civil War a ho- Town & Country Club, where there city of Platteville springs. tel called the Winslow House was was a spring in the golf course rough. The spring with the longest recorded crowded by the wealthy and fashion- Surrounded by giant willow trees, the history in Minnesota is Cold Spring able of the South who came hither to scenery here probably best recreates (a.k.a. Baker’s Spring), a Platteville escape the heat and drink from the the appearance of the Decorah spring near . Its name chalybeate (iron-bearing) springs springs back in the early days of St arose because soldiers at the fort, (O’Brien, 1904). After the war, a spe- from 1820 onwards, preferred drink- cial purpose structure, the Chaly- Paul. A sign on the gatepost dated beate Springs Resort, was built. The the club to 1888. ing cold spring water rather than warm river water. The spring gave its state geologist, himself, pronounced The third highest spring-line followed name to Camp Coldwater, which they the waters “medicinal” (Winchell, the glacial drift-Platteville Lime- inhabited while the fort was under 1877). Located in Pillsbury Park, the stone contact. It was most notice- construction. In 1853, a hotel was springs flow today as copiously as able along Mississippi River Boule- erected. Prior to the 1890s a wall of ever. vard in St Paul where the springs, limestone rubble masonry was built Platteville springs also supplied drink- eroding headward, have carved ra- around the spring, creating a reser- ing water to the Bohemian Flats com- vines, necessitating a series of voir. After World War II the Bureau of munity that once existed on the flood- bridges and bends in the road. By far Mines took over the site and stocked plain below the west end of the Wash- the most spectacular of these was the pool with trout (U.S. Department ington Avenue bridge. However, Shadow Falls, at the west end of of the Interior, 1991). Using a 5-gallon springwater is too hard for doing laun- Summit Avenue. bucket and a stopwatch, I determined dry, so barrels were set out to catch Initially, I was skeptical of the claim the discharge to be 60 gallons per m- the soft rain water for washday (Work by Nason (1932) and others that inute, at a point where the pool Projects Administration, 1986). These spilled over a weir. Cold Spring is springs are the reason why Riverside Shadow Falls was a spring, because I had traced the water upstream from the falls to a point near the head of the ravine, where it gushed from the earth, and when I applied a shovel to this so-called spring, the blade struck a buried object. Clearing the soil away, I saw water gushing from the joint between two segments of vitri- fied pipe. Sewer maps at the St Paul Public Works Department did not de- pict a pipe in this location, but I sur- mised that one had been laid down the axis of the ravine to drain local runoff, its outfall had become plugged, and the water erupted at a loose joint. Hardly a spring! But when I came across Plympton’s 4839 map of the Fort Snelling Military Reserve, which identified Shadow Falls as “Spring Leap,” I changed my mind. Even before human modifications there was a spring here. The St Paul Seminary spring belongs to the same type. At the head of the ravine associated with this spring Figure 3: Chalybeate Springs Resort in Minneapolis

MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 below the falls, where a bronze water-bearing sand bed. Other surfi- Springs, cont. plaque affixed to a glacial erratic boul- cial springs feed the Minneapolis Park is often closed in winter: water der, draws attention to them. chain of lakes. spills out over the road and freezes, Schwartz (1936) described St Peter Nearby, in Glenwood Park, was the causing automobile accidents. springs between St Paul and Men- Great Medicine Spring. In 1874, Col. Hajduk Spring, located near the old dota. While walking the Chicago & John H. Stevens, the first settler in Milwaukee Road trestle, north of the Northwestern tracks near Lake Pick- Minneapolis, said that this spring was Lake Street bridge, is probably the erel, dodging the occasional train, I frequented by Native Americans, only Platteville spring from which peo- saw several of these. I came to ex- “who came hundreds of miles to get ple still drink. First described by pect one wherever I saw a culvert the benefit of its medicinal qualities” Schwartz (1936) it was officially crossing under the tracks. (Gallagher et al, 1992). By the time I named after its chief promoter, Harry The largest springs in the Metro area arrived on the scene, the spring Hajduk (pronounced Hi-duck), by the occur where the Mississippi cross- seemed to be in need of some medi- Minneapolis Park Board, in 1977. At cuts its own, preglacial channels. cine itself. It dripped from the mouth the same time, a platform was The St Paul Fish Hatchery springs, of a pipe with all the gusto of a leak- erected at the foot of the cliff to make below Dayton’s Bluff, with a dis- ing faucet. charge of 400 gallons per minute, it easier to fill jugs (Meier, 1977). This The so-called “boiling springs” on the is our best example of a falling were the most famous of these (Cas- tle, 1912). Between 1974 and 1976 Hattenberger farm, southeast of spring, i.e., a spring that creates a wa- Shakopee, “boil” vigorously at inter- terfall. (Shadow Falls flows as a (when records were kept) the chlo- ride concentrations of this springwa- vals of a few minutes. The “boiling” is stream before taking the plunge, merely an upwelling of water, prob- rather than falling straight from the ter increased, peaking in winter, pre- sumably a result of salt applied to ably due to suspended sediments in cliff face.) So colorfully had this the pool, which settle down and con- spring stained the cliff face red, that it nearby Warner Road. These springs serve as a clandestine water supply fine the water until the pressure inspired me to a naive color classifica- builds up sufficiently to burst through. tion scheme for springs! for the homeless, who live in the woods along the Point Douglas Trail. The lost springs of the Twin Cities Other Platteville waters are not so po- are a subject in their own right. By table. At Gasworks Bluff, near the The Pine Bend springs, which gave “lost” I mean dried up or unlocatable. west end of the I-35 bridge, I found Spring Lake its name, belong to the They are a mixed bag, geologically springs which, because of their sul- same type. Driving down to a landing speaking, and it is not always clear fide aroma and the appearance of the on the lake (in fact, an expanded from the literature what types of material they had deposited, I re- reach of the Mississippi), I found a springs they were. What was the corded in my fieldbook as “bird-drop- boat-rental shop called “Bud’s Place,” Rum Town spring across from Fort ping springs.” You get the picture. bearing a sign depicting a fountain Snelling, for example, or the Ninth Cheers! spouting into the air. Perhaps an allu- Street springs in downtown St Paul, sion to the springs? When I asked In winter the big Platteville springs be- or the Swede Hollow spring? But of “Bud” where I might see the springs all places, the University of Minne- come thermal oases for wildlife. so romantically depicted, however, he Springwater, above the freezing point sota area was most densely popu- replied that they were actually in the lated by these ghosts. The University as it resurges, melts snow at the foot bed of the river, and that I would have of the bluffs, creating areas where the Spring, for example, was located on to come back in winter, when ascend- the banks of Tuttle’s Creek, whose ground remains unfrozen. I frequently ing columns of springwater melted observed robins in these places. dry gulch still separates Eastbank holes in the ice. I had recently ac- Campus from . This spring The fifth highest spring-line, along the quired a SCUBA certification, and was used to supply water to the early Platteville Limestone-Glenwood Calvin suggested that I dive down University, a hydraulic ram raising the Shale contact, was a disappoint- and fetch a sample with an upside- water to the buildings. The class of ment. You would expect to find down jar. In fact, the situation is more 1885 built a wall about the spring and springs at the top of an impervious complicated than Bud knew, as there fixed it up as a memorial (Johnson, shale (as at the top of the Decorah are probably three types of springs at 1908). The spring became contami- Shale), but there were only a few mis- Pine Bend (Schwartz, 1936). nated with sewage, the student news- erable seeps at this contact, probably Our most famous Surficial spring is paper lampooned the contents of the because the bentonite seams in the Glenwood-lnglewood Springs, known water, and when the Northern Pacific Platteville have already pirated most at office coolers throughout the Metro tracks were laid along the creek bed of the water. area. Winchell (1905) drafted a cross- in 1924, it vanished altogether. Again, The sixth highest spring-line occurs section of the geology of this spring, there used to be springs flowing in a where the water table in the St Peter showing how the water emerged from former botany greenhouse at the uni- Sandstone intersects the river gorge. a gravel-clay contact on the banks of versity. After much detective work, in- Most famous in this category were Bassett Creek, in Minneapolis. The volving examination of old maps in the two cave springs, Carver’s Cave water utilized at present is not de- the university archives, interviewing and Fountain Cave. There are St Pe- rived from the original spring but from retired botanists, etc., I finally identi- ter springs along Minnehaha Creek, pipes driven through the clay into a fied this former spring with a dried cal-

6 MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 Dr. Bennett described various chemi- Mossler, J. H. (1992). Bedrock topog- MGWA Spring Meeting Set cal pathways that result in oil degra- raphy. Geologic Atlas of Ramsey for April 28 dation in ground water and discussed County, Minnesota. County Atlas Se- the degradation products and the ries, Atlas C-7, Plate 4. Minnesota The MGWA’s annual spring meeting transformation of organic toxicants by Geological Survey. will be held in the afternoon of April native microorganisms which is con- Nason, G. L. (1932). “Visiting Around 28 at the Thunderbird Hotel in Bloom- sidered one of the most promising re- St. Paul Parks.” St Paul Dispatch, ington. The topic should be of interest mediation approaches for contami- July 21. to many MGWA members: Licensing nated ground water. O’Brien, F. G. (1904). Minnesota Pio- of Geoscientists in Minnesota. The The talk generated many thoughtful President’s Letter in this newsletter neer Sketches. Minneapolis: H. H. S. questions and the discussion was still Rowell. summarizes the current status of the going full-speed at 9 p.m. licensing program in the state. Schwartz, G. M. (1936). The geology Speakers will include the geologist of the Minneapolis-St Paul metropoli- tan area. Minnesota Geological Sur- and soil scientist representatives on Springs, cont. the licensing board, speakers from vey Bulletin No. 27. state government and industry who careous tufa deposit behind Boynton Schwartz, G. M., and Thiel, G. A. will discuss what licensing is likely to Health Center, in what had been the (1954). Minnesota’s rocks and wa- mean to them (and you!), and a possi- old University limestone quarry. Other ters. Minneapolis: The University of ble speaker from the national board springs recorded by Winchell (1877) Minnesota Press. such as the Russell Mineral Spring, which is developing the exam which Sloan, R. E. (1987). Tectonics, bios- Minnesota is likely to adopt in the li- which bubbled up into a cellar in Dinkytown, and a “Petrified Moss” tratigraphy, and lithostratigraphy of censing process. Watch for a special the Middle and Late Ordovician of the mailing to members in early April giv- spring, somewhere on the bluffs near Campus, were unlocatable. Upper Mississippi Valley. /n Sloan, R. ing a detailed agenda and registration E., ed., “Middle and Late Ordovician li- information. I maintain files (with photographs) of thostratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the springs of the Twin Cities as an the Upper Mississippi Valley.” Minne- 1997 AGWSE Darcy on-going project, so if ahyone has sota Geological Survey Report of In- something they would like to share, I vestigations 35, pp. 7-20. Lecturer Comes to would like to hear from them. Ad- Minnesota dress: P.O. Box 152, Willington, CT, Smith, J. R. (1938). The springs and 06279. Email: wells of Manhattan and The Bronx, On March 6, Dr. Philip C. Bennett, as- [email protected]. New York City, at the end of the nine- sociate professor in the Department teenth century. New York: The New- of Geological Sciences at the Univer- Greg Brick holds degrees in biology York Historical Society. sity of Texas at Austin, presented the and geology from the University of U. S. Department of the Interior 1997 Darcy Lecture, “Water, Mi- Minnesota, and a master’s degree in (1991). Bureau of Mines, Twin Cities crobes and Rocks: The Geochemical geology from the University of Con- Research Center: A history, the first Ecology of Contaminated Ground necticut. He has worked for environ- three decades. Water.” The meeting at the Univer- mental consulting firms in Massachu- Werner, R. L. (1996). Assessing sity of Minnesota, co-sponsored by setts, and present/y seeks employ- ground water flow-type using spring the Department of Geology and Geo- ment in Minnesota. Have any leads? flow characteristics. The Professional physics and the MGWA was attended Geologist 33 (8): 4-7. over 50 people. Each year, the Asso- References ciation of Ground Water Scientists Castle, H. A. (1912). History of St. Winchell, N. H. (1877). The geology and Engineers of the National Paul and Vicinity. Chicago and New of Hennepin county. In Fifth Annual Ground Water Association supports a York: Lewis Publishing Co. Report of the Geological and Natural distinguished lecturer (named after History Survey of Minnesota, pp. 131- the father of ground water science, Empson, D. (1975). “History resided 201. Henri Darcy) to allow him or her to at Nettleton-Wardell home.” St Paul Dispatch, March 4, p. 10. Winchell, N. H. (1888). The geology tour extensively through the college of Ramsey county. In Final Report of and university circuit to present topics Gallagher, S., et a/ (1992). Eloise But- the Geological and Natural History of current interest in the field of hydro- ler Wildflower Garden and Bird Sanc- Survey of Minnesota, v. 2, pp. 345- geology. In his introduction, Dr. Pfan- tuary. Minneapolis Park and Recrea- 374. nkuch noted that Dr. Bennett is his tion Board. academic “grandson”, a second gen- WinchelI, N. H. (1905). Deep wells as eration PhD, who is now producing Johnson, E. B. (1908). Dictionary of a source of water supply for Minnea- academic “great-grandchildren”. Dr. the University of Minnesota. Minnea- polis. The American Geologist 35 (5): Bennett “gamely” held forth at the polis: The University Press. 266-291. same time as the Gophers (Big 10 Meier, P. (1977). “Spring puts spring Work Projects Administration (1986). champs!) vs Michigan game (which in discoverer’s step.” The Star-Trib- The Bohemian Flats. St Paul: Minne- the Gophers won). une, September 16, p. 1. sota Historical Society Press.

MGWA Newsletter,March I997 members about ground water. Legis- MGWA Legislative Open lators were chosen for this first effort MGWA Fall Conference House a Success because they are key decision mak- Summary ers, and holding an event like this at On January 27, 1997, the MGWA a single location is simpler than try- MGWA’s Fall Conference was held sponsored an educational reception ing to reach large or more diffuse on November 12 at the Radisson for state legislators and their staff at audiences. South in Bloomington. The confer- the Capitol. Legislators were invited All participants felt the effort was ence theme was datalogger con- to stop by and learn about ground cepts and applications in hydrogeol- worthwhile, both as a forum to pre- water flow, characteristics and regu- WY. lation. Representatives of several sent state ground water programs state agencies were present with in- and as an tool to educate legislators Clyde Best of Campbell Scientific, formation on their respective roles in and their staff on ground water is- Inc. gave the participants a brief ground water protection and man- sues. This event may be repeated grounding in how data loggers work agement. in coming years, and there will be from the perspective of an electrical other opportunities to spread the engineer who knows water re- MGWA had an impressive display word about ground water. If you are sources applications. Owen Israel- set up which got good attention. interested in participating in such sen of Design Analysis Associates, This display was put together by Wa- events, or have ideas of other edu- Inc., and Steve Amrine of In-Situ tershed Research, Inc., and will be cational “Happenings” that you’d be Inc. presented general information used at future events as well (look interested in seeing brought to life, on datalogger technology, specific for it at our spring meeting). Approxi- contact Gretchen Sabel at (612)297- information on sensors for measure- mately thirty legislators and twenty ment of water levels and flow, and staff members stopped by in spite of 7574. data transmission options. a heavy hearing schedule in the opening days of the session. Scott Alexander of the U of M re- layed his experiences using datalog- This was the first event that MGWA gers in Minnesota’s harsh climate, has sponsored which was targeted not without a generous dose of at educating a specific group of non- good humor.

Newsletter Advertising Policy for 1997 Display ads: Quarterly Newsletter 1996 Membership Directory Size inches Annual Rate Annual Rate HxV 4 issues 1 issue Business Card 3.5 x 2.3 $60 $45 Quarter Page 3.5 x 4.8 $110 $90 Half Page 7.5 x 4.8 $205 $170 Full Page 7.5 x 9.75 $385 $325 Inside Cover 7.5 x 9.75 Not Available $360 Classified ads: Classified ads in the newsletter are charged at the rate of $3 per 45 characters (including spaces and punctuation) per newsletter issue. E-Mail notices: A one-time e-mailing to the membership costs $10 for an individual (e.g. seeking a job), and $50 for an organization (e.g., announcing a job opening). The advantage of e-mail is the speed of dissemination. The Advertising Manager has final determination on the acceptance of materials submitted. There are no commissions on ads. Advertising copy must be received by the publications deadlines: 14 February, 16 May, 15 August, or 14 November. Since we do not do any art or camera work ourselves, and we reuse copy from issue to issue, your copy should be a photostat of your art work at the exact insertion size. Photostats give the highest quality print reproduction. If a photostat is not available, high-quality copies of the ad on plain paper must be submitted for each issue published (e.g. four copies for the quarterly newsletter). Please make checks payable to the “Minnesota Ground Water Association” or “MGWA.” Direct your orders and questions concerning advertising rates and policy to the Advertising Manager: Jim Almendinger, MGWA Advertising Manager, c/o St. Croix Watershed Research Station, Science Museum of Minnesota, 16910-152nd St. N. Marine on St. Croix, MN 55047. Phone: (612)433-5953; Fax: (612)433-5924; E-mail: [email protected]

8 MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 builds on the next,” says Barber. Authorities think a nearby factory is leaching the Teachers: “How does an aquifer work? What the arsenic source, and shut it Ground Water Education happens when it is contaminated?” down. But the factory doesn’t use ar- in Minnesota The more advanced activities simu- senic. By plotting arsenic concentra- late the effects of leaking under- tions on a map, students discover Jim Lundy ground storage tanks using buried that a cemetery is the true arsenic film canisters containing colored source. Turns out that common em- Environmental education for elemen- water in the plastic ground water balming practice at the time of the tary students has come a long way models. Civil War used arsenic-based solu- since high school junior Tom Brasch According to Barber, it costs about tions. visited my seventh grade class, ad- $8500 to offer the three day long National funding for Project WET monishing us not to let the water run ground water module teacher train- has come in part from petroleum while brushing our teeth. Environ- ing; each teacher pays approxi- companies and computer compa- mental issues are more complicated mately $35 to attend. DESP seeks nies. On the state level, the MDNR these days, and while there is a support from local companies and funds Otterson’s work as State Coor- great deal of student interest, few professional organizations to offset dinator. For further information and elementary school teachers are the remaining costs, which arise a current schedule of training ses- trained in geoscience, fewer still in partly from the cost of the plastic sions, call Peder Otterson at ground water. Consequently, several ground water models. Each teacher (612)297-2405. organizations offer teacher training receives a notebook with all the ac- in ground water in the realization The SEEK database (Sharing Envi- tivities and eight of the plastic aqui- ronmental Education Knowledge; lo- that effective teaching of environ- fer models for use with their own stu- mental concepts of ground water to cated on the world wide web at dents; of course the price per stu- http://seek.state.mn.us) is a clearing- students begins with training teach- dent of the initial teacher training de- ers. house for all types of environmental creases each year. You can reach resources, from articles to lesson After 21 years as an earth science DESP at (303)273-3494. plans, from performances to dis- teacher, Martha Barber of the Den- Project WET (Hater &cation for plays, and has links to many other ver Earth Science Project (DESP) leachers) is a nationwide program information sources. The Freshwa- knows that earth sciences needs to with a statewide network of approxi- ter Foundation circulates several attract students at the elementary mately 80 volunteers qualified to brochures on topics such as ground and secondary education level. conduct teacher training in all ele- water protection, lake protection, “However, it’s usually taught in 8th ments of water including ground water and health, and simple things or 9th grade, and includes meteorol- water. According to Peder Otterson, you can do for cleaner water. Call ogy, planetary science, geology, and a Minnesota Department of Natural (612) 449-0092. so on. Students don’t always see Resources (MDNR) hydrologist and the relevance.” Although the Science Museum of the Project WET State Coordinator, Minnesota (SMM) does not offer Make it relevant and fun, she says, each workshop lasts a day and teacher training in ground water, it and students will flock to it. In coordi- trains about 20 teachers, who each does offer several programs on nation with the Colorado School of pay about $20 to $40 to arm them- water to schools and their students: Mines, DESP has developed several selves with a hefty “Project WET museum trunks (in which the mu- teacher training modules (ground Curriculum and Activity Guide”. seum ships a trunk including a physi- water studies, radiation, paleontol- cal ground water model, water test- ogy and dinosaurs, energy, oil and The guide is founded upon seven basic precepts, each supported by ing equipment, and videos directly gas exploration, and an environ- to the classroom); and museum resi- mental case study). Teachers attend several activities: water has unique physical and chemical properties; dency (the museum sends a pro- workshops to become trained in one gram on water directly to the class- of the modules and receive the water is essential to life; water con- nects all earth systems; water is a room, complete with instructor). teaching materials, which feature Call (800) 221-9444 (x4748) or hands-on activities promoting prob- natural resource; water resources are managed; water resources exist (612) 221-4748 for more information lem solving using real data from in- on museum trunks or museum resi- dustry and government agencies. within social constructs; and water resources exist within cultural con- dencies. And of course, the mu- During the ground water workshop, structs. seum’s large physical ground water the teachers perform the same 20 model on “Green Street” entertains projects they will later require of their “The materials are written by teach- numerous practicing and future 7th to 9th grade students, using plas- ers, for teachers, and they empha- ground water scientists every day. tic ground water models, aquifer size constructive learning. Plus they maps, and other visual aids. The are fun, easy, and inexpensive to first projects are designed to in- do,” said Otterson. As an example, crease awareness of the importance in “A Grave Mistake”, Otterson’s fa- of water (the hydrologic cycle; audit vorite, students evaluate arsenic your own water use). “Each activity concentrations in ground water.

MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 for a proposed “Aquifer Test Analysis Approval of Minutes - Ray Wuolo MGWA and Well Head Delineation Short called the meeting to order at 8: 15 Board Meeting Minutes Course” to be run this spring. Con- a.m. Minutes for December were ap- tent, cost, and other issues were dis- proved. November 7,1996, Egg & I, cussed. The UM will send out a flyer University and 280, 7:30 a.m. Birdsall-Dreiss Lecture - The Birdsall- announcing the short course. The Dreiss lecture is on Thursday, January Attending: Cathy O’Dell, Past-Presi- Board offered access to the member- ship mailing list. 16th at 6:30 p.m. at Pillsbury Hall. dent; Gretchen Sabel, President; Ray Ray Wuolo will represent MGWA and Wuolo, President-Elect; Paul Putzier, Newsletter: December issue mailed. bring eats as our contribution to the Treasurer; Tom Clark, newsletter edi- sponsorship. tor; Jim Almendinger, advertising; Darcy Lecture: Olaf Pfannkuch noted Sean Hunt, WRI. that arrangements could be made to Training for Elected Officials - bring in Phil Bennett, the 1997 Darcy Gretchen provided an update of the Minutes taken by Paul Putzier. Lecturer. The Board suggested a preparations for “Ground Water 101 Approval of Minutes: Approval of Sep- spring 1997 date. for Legislators”, the legislative open tember and October minutes deferred. Training for Elected Officials: house presentation of ground water is- Newsletter: Tom Clark reported issue Gretchen would like to arrange in sues. Gretchen has arranged a table is ready for layout except for ballots. January or February a short course, and will attend. Ray Wuolo will also Notes/articles to Jennie this week. “Ground Water 101 for Legislators”. likely attend a table. MGWA will sup- This would be a multi-agency effort. ply some snacks and bring the MGWA Fall Technical Conference: Fewer She asked Jim Almendinger to check banner. There was discussion regard- than 10 people have signed up to with the Science Museum regarding ing creating a fact sheet on what date. Need to give the hotel our head space availability. MGWA is and what the membership is. count by Tuesday. Fall Technical Conference: Sean Fall Field Trip - The 1997 fall field Birdsall-Dreiss lecture: The MGWA trip was discussed. The Association of will sponsor the Birdsall-Dreiss lec- Hunt presented a preliminary finan- cial account of the fall technical con- Women Geoscientists Minnesota ture at the University of Minnesota on Chapter has approached MGWA and January 16th. The arrangements are ference, noting a net loss of about $65. AIPG about being a sponsor. The pretty well taken care of. board agreed the sponsorship of New Officers: Paul Bulger will run for Fall Field Trip: Sean Hunt presented AWG should be pursued for the 1997 Treasurer. Paul Putzier will put his financial account of the fall field trip, field trip. Some ideas for the field trip name in the hat for President. Others noting a net profit to the MGWA of were discussed, including an ambi- needed. $119.61 after splitting proceeds with tious three-state review of karst hydro- AIPG. geology. Next meeting: December 5th, 7:30 a.m. at Egg & I. Representatives of Connections to Greater Minnesota: WRI Contract - Jennie provided the the UM Hydrogeology Field Camp will Gretchen asked Sean Hunt for a list contract to Ray and Jan to sign. be invited to discuss use and availabil- of members in Greater Minnesota to send a letter/questionnaire. New Officers - Due to a tie for presi- ity of facility. dent-elect, elections of new officers is Respectfully Submitted, WRI Contract: New contract to start not yet final. Jennie will check the mail Jan Falteisek January 1, 1997. today and do a final count. MGWA Secretary New Officers: The draft ballot for offi- Spring Meeting - After some discus- December 5, 1996, Egg & I, cers was discussed. In an attempt to sion, the Board agreed that a half-day University and 280, 7:30 a.m. possibly get MDH representation on presentation on Geoscientist Licens- the Board, Ray and Cathy will call ing would probably be timely. There Attending: Cathy O’Dell, Past-Presi- MDH staff to assess interest in Board was some general discussion of the dent; Gretchen Sabel, President; Ray participation. program and logistics. Ray indicated Wuolo, President-Elect; Paul Putzier, that he would be able to check with Treasurer; Jan Falteisek, Secretary, Next meeting: January 9, 1997, 7:30 a.m. at Egg & I. some possible presenters for availabil- Tom Clark, newsletter editor; Jim Al- ity. mendinger, advertising; Sean Hunt, Respectfully Submitted, WRI, Calvin Alexander, Olaf Pfan- Jan Falteisek Fall Technical Program - Jan sug- nkuch, and Mark Person, University MGWA Secretary gested a program on “GPS, Geodesy, of Minnesota. and GIS”. Another idea suggested was the hydrogeology of fractured me- Approval of Minutes: Ray Wuolo January 9, 1997: Egg EggI, & dia. called the meeting to order at 7:50 University and 280, 7:30 a.m. a.m. Minutes for September, October, Attending: Gretchen Sabel, Presi- Next meeting - February 6, 1997, and November were approved. dent; Ray Wuolo, President-Elect; 7:30 a.m. at Egg & I. UM Hydrology Field Camp: Calvin Al- Jan Falteisek, Secretary, Tom Clark, Respectfully Submitted, exander, Olaf Pfannkuch, and Mark newsletter editor; Jeanette Leete, Jan Falteisek Person presented a draft description WRI. MGWA Secretary

10 MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 houses and other similar “hothouse” forming and diagenetic minerals, Dr. Mark Person Presents industries. thermochronometers, and analyzing 1996-1997 Birdsall-Dreiss After providing that context, Dr. Per- water-rock ratios of alteration min- Lecture son began to set up the rest of his eral assemblages. He used the re- talk in which he presented the re- mainder of his presentation to dis- Dr. Mark Person, Gibson Professor sults of his research on basin-scale cuss his studies of the Rio Grande of Hydrogeology at the University of hydrogeologic modeling, using ex- Rift basin near Socorro, New Mex- Minnesota presented this year’s amples from the Rio Grande Rift in ico, with particular emphasis on the use of thermochronometers. Birdsall-Dreiss lecture on January central New Mexico. The principal 16, 1997, a bitterly cold and windy issues he identified in basin scale Dr. Person’s hydrogeologic model- night. Despite the weather, the lec- modeling involve the following: ing studies of the Rio Grande Rift Basin had a several key objectives: ture room in Pillsbury Hall was near l working out the stratigraphic capacity to hear the lecture spon- and tectonic evolution of basins; 1) to understand the role of K-meta- sored nationally by the Geological somatism, Society of America and locally by l estimating boundary conditions 2) to evaluate the effects of tectonic the MGWA. The topic of the talk from geologic data; controls on regional flow patterns, was Basin Scale Hydrogeologic and Modeling, a long time focus of Dr. l estimating the time evolution of Person’s research. rock properties such as perme- 3) to analyze the evolution of the ba- sin over the past 28 million years. Dr. Person introduced the topic of ability and porosity; basin scale hydrogeologic modeling The results he has obtained are in- by first reminding the audience of l de-convoluting coupled proc- teresting and he presents some of esses such as scale effects and the importance of studying basin them as computer-generated videos thermal effects. showing basin evolution. If you scale groundwater flow systems. missed this talk, seek out another These include economic factors Each of these must be evaluated opportunity to hear Dr. Person pre- such as the development of ore de- while conducting a basin-scale hy- sent some of his research. It is well posits and petroleum production. In drogeologic investigation. worth the time. addition, large scale flow processes Because of the very long time have significant bearing on environ- frames that are involved in basin mental issues such as nuclear evolution (e.g., geologic time over waste siting. Experts in New Mexico millions of years) calibration and vali- are using their understanding of ba- dation of models of such systems sin scale flow systems to predict ar- offers some unique challenges. eas of unusually warm ground water There are numerous approaches, reservoirs in close proximity to the however. These include using fluid ground surface for siting of green- inclusions, radiometric dating of ore- Join the Minnesota Ground Water Association! If you are reading this newsletter second-hand, we’d like to take this opportunity to invite you to become a member of MGWA for 1997. Annual dues are $20 for professional members and $15 for students. Members are entitled to purchase the annual membership directory for $7. Additional donations toward our scholarships and/or the use of recycled paper will be gratefully accepted. Dues paid to MGWA are not deductible as charitable contributions for federal income tax purposes. However, dues payments are deductible as ordinary and necessary business expenses to the extent allowed by law. Just complete the form below and mail to: MGWA, c/o WRI, 4779 126th St. N, White Bear Lake, MN 55110-5910.

Name Affiliation/Employer Work Address City, State, Zip Code Work Telephone Number E-mail Fax Number Home Address (optional) City, State, Zip Code Home Telephone Number

MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 (612)625-3819 (fax) MGWA Calendar e-mail: alexa @maroon.tc.umn.edu Association for Women Geoscientists is Active in March 23-26,1997 Symposium on July 15,1997, Ground Water Hydrol- Application of Geophysics to Environ- ogy, Dayton, OH, Contact Wright Twin Cities mental and Engineering Problems State University, Center for Ground Reno, NV, Environmental and Engi- Water Management, 3640 Colonel neering Geophysical Society Glenn Hwy, 056 Library, Dayton, OH Contact SAGEEP 45435, (513)873-3649, e-mail: 7632 E. Costilla Ave. [email protected] Englewood, CO 80112 July 31-August 20,1997, U of M Hy- (303)771-2000 drogeology Field Camp, Lake ltasca area, Minnesota, Contact Dr. E. April 2 ,I997 MDH Annual Well Con- The Association for Women Geo Calvin Alexander, Jr.,U of M, Dept.of ference, Thunderbird Hotel scientists (AWG) is a national organi- Bloomington, MN Geology and Geophysics, 310 zation, founded in 1977, to encour- Contact Ed Schneider (6 12)215-0827 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapolis, MN age women to become and remain 55455, (612)624-3517, (612)625- See the agenda for this conference geoscientists. AWG focuses on three 3819 (fax) major goals: to ENCOURAGE partici- and a registration form elsewhere in e-mail: [email protected] this newsletter pation of women in geosciences; to August 30-September 5, 1997 EXCHANGE educational, technical, April 6-9,1997 6th Conf. Sinkholes, Large Meteorite Impacts and Plane- and professional information; and to Eng. & Env. Impact Karst, Springfield, tary Evolution ENHANCE the professional growth MO, Contact B.F. Beck, P.E. La Sud bury, Ontario, Canada and advancement of women in the Moureaux & Associates, P.O. Box Contact: 8. 0. Dressler geosciences. 4578, Oak Ridge, TN 378314578, Lunar and Planetary Institute (423)483-7483 3600 Bay Area Blvd. As part of our effort to realize the e-mail: [email protected] Houston, TX 77058-1113 Association’s goals, the Minnesota April 28,1997 MGWA Spring Confer- Chapter of AWG has made a commit- ence, Registration of Geoscientists in Base maps for the 1990s ment to community outreach by pro- Minnesota, 12:30 pm - 5:00 pm viding classroom talks and meeting Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington, MN Update with interested groups ranging from Girl Scouts and Cub Scouts to senior April 28-May 1,1997 In Situ and On Cooperative work involving the state citizens. In addition, AWG sponsors Site Bioremediation New Orleans, LA and the U.S. Geological Survey con- the lnga Lehmann Scholarship for an Contact The Conference Group, tinues on the remaining two parts of outstanding woman who shows prom- 1989 W. Fifth Avenue, Suite 5, Colum- the Base Maps program - statewide ise as a geoscientist. AWG is in the bus, OH 43212-1912, (800)7836338, coverage of 1:24,000-scale Digital process of starting our annual fun- e-mail: 102632.3100@ Elevation Models (DEMs) and draising campaign for the 1998 compuserve.com 1: 12,000-scale Digital Orthophoto award. May 1-2,1997 GSA North Central Quads (DOQs). DEMs are now avail- If you are interested in learning more Section, Madison, WI, Contact: Bruce able for 84 percent of the state and Brown, Wisconsin Geological and the rest are in progress. DOQs are about AWG, would like to do class- Natural History Survey, (608)263- now available for 80 percent of the room presentations, or help with fun- state; the rest is under contract. 3201 draising for the lnga Lehmann Schol- e-mail: babrownl @facstaff.wisc.edu County CD-ROMs of the DOQ data arship, please come to one of our are available for 54 counties; 11 more meetings. Membership is open to all May 8-9,1997 Institute on Lake Su- are near completion and the rest are who support AWG’s goals. AWG perior Geology Annual Meeting, Sud- under contract. meets the second Thursday of the bury, Ontario, Canada, Contact Tracy Two additional programs continue to month at the Egg and I at University Livingston, Resident Geologist’s Of- progress. After some start-up prob- and 280 in St. Paul. If you’d like to fice, Ontario Geological Survey lems, statewide coverage of Digital talk to someone for more information Sudbury, Ontario 93E 6B5 Canada Raster Graphs (DRGs) is in progress. about Minnesota Chapter Programs, (705)670-574 1, Also, the 1996 National Aerial Photo please call Kate Kleiter, President, at e-mail: [email protected] graphy Program (NAPP) flight was (612) 659-7572. For membership in- May 16-18,1997 University of Minne- flown for more than half the state dur- formation, contact the Association’s sota Pump Test Short Course, Lake ing this last summer. Current status office: ltasca area, Minnesota, Contact Dr. maps, as well as informational back- E. Calvin Alexander, Jr., University of ground on all of these programs, are Association for Women Geoscientists Minnesota, Department of Geology available from LMIC or the project c/o Dr. Jeanette H. Leete and Geophysics, Room 107, Pillsbury home page 4779 126th Street North Hall, 310 Pillsbury Dr. SE, Minneapo- http://www.lmic.state.mn.uslbmap/b White Bear Lake MN 55110-5910 lis, MN 55455, (612)624-3517, map90.htm. (612)426-3316, FAX (612)426-5449

12 MGWA Newsletter,March 1997 MDH WELL CONFERENCE APRIL 2, 1997

AGENDA (TENTATIVE)

8:OO a.m. Registration, Continental Breakfast

PLENARY SESSION (Moderator: Dan Wilson, MDH)

8:25 - 8:30 Welcome Dan Wilson, MDH 8:30 - 8:50 MDH Well Management Unit Update Dan Wilson, MDH 8:50 - 9145 MDH Field Experiences and Case Histories Robert Nielsen, MDH Patrick Sarafolean, MDH Chris De Mattos, MDH 9:45 - lo:oo BREAK 1o:oo - 11 .oo Confined Space Hazards Paul Ellringer, Tamarack Environmental Consultants 11:oo - 11:30 Trenching and Excavation Hazards Mylon Stark, Mn. OSHA 11:30 - 12:00 Well Construction/Site Safety Mylon Stark, Mn. OSHA

12:00 - l:oo LUNCH

l:oo - 3:45 AFTERNOON CONCURRENT SESSIONS

1. FULL CONTRACTORS (Moderator: Steve Gruber, MDH)

l:oo - 2:00 Vertical Heat Exchangers Scott Jones, Econar 2:00 - 2:30 Hydrofracturing Ken Kratt, Flatwater Fleet 2:30 - 2:45 Break 2:45 - 3:15 Sealing Unconventional Wells Kelly Jorgensen, MDH 3:15 - 3:45 Code Compliance Issues Mark Malmanger, MDH Peter Zimmerman, MDH

2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRACTORS (Moderator: Douglas Edson, MDH)

1100 - 2:00 Overview of Geotechnical Borings Jim Rudd, American Engineering Testing 2:00 - 2:30 Site Investigation & Remediation - Case Study MPCA 2:30 - 2:45 Break 2:45 - 3:15 MPCA--Brownfields Program Joe Otte, MPCA 3:15 - 3:45 Code Compliance Issues Mark Hoffman, MDH

3. LIMITED CONTRACTORS (Moderator: Jeff Grugel, MDH)

1:OO- 2130 Pumps, Pump Electrical Systems 2:30 - 2145 Break 2:45 - 3:15 Elevator Construction Mark Stangret, Midwest Drilling 3:15 - 3:45 Code Compliance Issues Michael Sutliff, MDH

Questions: If you have questions, or if you have a disability and need an accommodation to make this program accessible, please contact Edward Schneider at 612/215-0827 or Marlene Randall at 612/215-0810. (Over for More Important Information) Registration for the 1997 Well Conference

Name Firm

Street Address City/State/Zip

Minnesota Department of Health Well Contractor License Number (or occupation, if applicable)

Pleasecircle which sessionyou are planning on attending in the afternoon. 1 - 2 - 3 Fee ($50) Enclosed -. Will pay at the door ($60) _ Check/Money Order No. Cash Please mail by March 19, 1997, to: Minnesota Department of Health, Well Management Unit, P.O. 64975, St. Paul, . Minnesota 55 164-0975. Registrations postmarked after March 19, 1997, will require a $60 fee. You may call 61212 15-08 11 or fax (612/215-0978) your late registration, but you must pay $60 at the door. Directions: Thunderbird Hotel, 220 1 East 78th Street, Bloomington. Take the 24th Avenue exit off 1494, go south for less than l/2 block, turn sharp right on the frontage road to the hotel. For lodging call the hotel (l-800/328-1931). Some of the other motels in the area are: Comfort Inn-Airport, 1321 East 78th Street, Bloomington (l-800/272- 7585), Minneapolis Marriott Bloomington, 2020 East 79th Street, Bloomington (l- 800-228-9290, and Motel 6, 7640 Cedar Avenue South, Richfield (6121861-4491).

Time: Registration at 8:00 a.m. Pleasepreregister to be certain that we will have lunch for you and to avoid the late fee. Use the registration form on this announcement. cost: Fifty dollars in advance. if the registration is postmarked by March 19, 1997. Sixty dollars after that date, on the site, by phone, or by fax. No refunds unless request is receivedbefore March 19, 1997.

Credit Hours: 6.0 hours of continuing education credit will be awarded.

(See agendaon reverseside)

IMPORTANT ANNOUNCEMENT ‘I 997 WELL CONFERENCE APRIL 2, 1997

Minnesota Department of Health Well Management Unit Announces Annual Well Conference

Wednesday.,,4pril 2. 1997, Thunderbird Hotel, Bloomington

Minnesota Department of Health 2102 Well Management Unit Metro Square Burlding, Suite 220 P.O. BOX 64975 St. Paul. Minnesota 55164-0975

Minnesota Ground Water Association BULK RATE 4779 126th Street North US Postage White Bear Lake, MN 55110-5910 Made from over 50% Recycled Fiber PAID including 20% Post-Consumer Waste St. Paul, MN Permit # 7122