DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 ARCHITECTURE + DESIGN Western Denmark Short Tour SCANDINAVIA as your home, AEurope as your classroom DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS 03 Participants 04 Study Tour Objectives 05 Study Tour Map 06 Denmark Cultural Landscapes 08 Guide to Visual Notetaking 09 Visual Journal Tips & Tools 10 THURSDAY FEBRUARY 09 11 Kolding Map 12 Trapholt Kunstmuseum 14 Koldinghus 15 University of Southern Denmark 16 FRIDAY FEBRUARY 10 17 Aarhus Map 18 Aarhus Optional Sites 19 Aarhus: Capital of European Culture 2017 20 Aarhus Crematorium Chapel 21 Dokk 1 Media Space 22 Aarhus Å 23 Skanderup Kirke 24 SATURDAY FEBRUARY 11 25 ARoS Kunstmuseum 27 Aarhus Rådhus 29 Participant Gallery 31 Denmark Information 32 Danish Translation Guide 33 DIS Code of Conduct 34 Traveling on DIS Study Tours 35 Emergency Procedures 2 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 PARTICIPANTS Michela Nota AD Faculty +45 91 67 37 31 Jamie Cathell DIS Staff +45 30 10 93 30 Name University Program Alexander Dobbin Bowdoin College PAD Asia Peters U Colorado, Boulder UD Audrey Wang Pratt Institute IA Beatitude Steffen Whitman College PAD Brandon Brooks Maryland Institute AD Brianna Caspersen U California, Berkeley PUD Charlotte Wyman Hamilton College PAD Chenxuan He UMN Twin Cities UD Claire Huffaker Kansas State U AD Grace Sibbitts Kansas State U IA Joseph Kyle Saint Olaf College PAD Kamerin Thomas Gettysburg College PAD Mackenzie McCoy Colorado State U IA Palak Suckhlecha Pratt Institute IA Sarah Johnson Lafayette College PAD Ravipa Ramyarupa Barnard College PAD Siyue Fan Vassar College PIA Timothy Pittman University of Virginia PUD Tori Salomani Vassar College PAD Wing Hui Pratt Institute IA Zhaoyue Chen Pratt Institute IA Aaron Greiner Olin College of Engineering PUD 3 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 STUDY TOUR OBJECTIVES During the semester, students go on two study tours organized by DIS: A week-long study tour to a European destination and a three-day Western Denmark Tour. The primary aim of the Western Denmark Tour is to introduce students to Danish landscapes and cities and to Danish architecture and design—the culture that makes up Denmark outside of Copenhagen. This study tour takes place early on in the semester to let students understand the character of Denmark as a whole before diving into the semester studies, which primarily take place in Copenhagen. Landscapes and Cities: • Sensing the different landscapes that Denmark has to offer—from the undulating landscape in the east, shaped by the receding ice front from the last ice age about 110,000 to 150,000 years ago, to the more flat and sandy landscapes in the west of Denmark • Understanding how most of the Danish countryside is now a cultural landscape shaped by agriculture, urbanization and industry—no wilderness remains among the mere 43,000 square kilometers that make up Denmark • Visiting market towns and provincial cities characteristic of Denmark as a whole allowing students to better understand the character of cities in Denmark, and of Copenhagen and its similarities and differences to other cities in Denmark Architecture and Design: • Visiting both contemporary and historic architecture and design, which over the years has included Viking settlements, medieval churches, and innovative new architecture and design • Understanding how the architecture and design from different times that we visit constitute a culture of design—a somewhat coordinated system of knowledge, rules, procedures, and habits that surround the design process in a given place and time Visual Note-Taking: • Encouraging the use of the sketchbook/journal as a way to keep track of experiences and learning through visual notes • Understanding that the heart of visual note-taking is the act of observing, analyzing, and communicating the diverse conditions and possibilities of the physical environment and objects that surround us The Western Denamrk Tour is about tapping into the existing reservoir of available precedents, armed with a sketchbook, curiosity, and the open eyes and minds that must characterize architects and designers. 4 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 TOUR MAP Aarhus Skanderborg Kolding 90 min 5 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 DENMARK: CULTURAL LANDSCAPES While travelling through the Danish landscape there are several features to notice that tell a great deal about the history of the country. These features are both natural and man-made and can be described chronologically. The basic contours of the Danish landscape were shaped at the end of the Pleistocene Epoch (i.e., about 2,600,000 to 11,700 years ago) by the so-called Weichsel glaciation. This great glacial mass withdrew temporarily during several warmer interstadial periods, but it repeatedly returned to cover the land until it retreated to the Arctic north for the last time about 10,000 years ago. As a result, the barren layers of chalk and limestone that earlier constituted the land surface acquired a covering of soil that built up as the Weichsel retreated, forming low, hilly, and generally fertile moraines that diversify the otherwise flat landscape. Large mounds are prominent features in the landscape across all of Denmark. They are typically man-made burial mounds dating from the Nordic Bronze Age (1800-600 BC). Over 50,000 of these dome-shaped barrows have been found in Denmark. They are typically located along historic military routes and are placed high in the landscape so as to be visible from great distances. The mounds contain burial chambers in various sizes and configurations depending upon the time period and prominence of the chieftain who was originally buried in the mound. These mounds have all been excavated and valuable archaeological finds have been made despite the loss of many of the contents to theft over time. Another prominent and consistent feature in the landscape is the medieval church. Denmark was proclaimed a Christian country by King Harald Bluetooth towards the end of the 10th century. The first Danish stone church was built in Roskilde in 1040. Between 1100 and 1250 alone 1700-1800 churches were built. Many of these buildings still exist today, albeit added to and altered many times. The church was the central element of a village thus visibly marking the presence of the community within the landscape. The most characteristic element of these buildings is the bell tower with its crow-stepped gables with blank windows. These towers were typically added to the churches during the Gothic period of architecture in Denmark. 6 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 CULTURAL LANDSCAPES (CONTINUED) The land reform of 1789 is an event which had a tremendous effect on the Danish landscape. Up until this time the settlement pattern had been based on the village as the center, with fields radiating out from it. These fields were further divided over time so that farmers often had several unconnected plots to farm. The abolishment of serfdom in 1788 opened the way for the Reform of 1789 which redistributed the land into more cohesive plots. This meant that many farmers moved out of the villages into the characteristic, four-winged farm houses which were ‘free-standing’ in the landscape. Where before the landscape had been dominated by wide, unpopulated plains with meadows, fields and woods, the land was now covered by farms demarcated by hedges and dikes undulating through the landscape. This is the pattern still evident today, though with the addition of modern highways and railways. Another prominent feature in the landscape is the extensive amount of reclaimed land. This is evident through the many dikes and wind mills used to drain the land. There were approximately 2500 wind mills in Denmark by 1900 which were used for pumping and milling. In the 1890s a Danish scientist, Poul la Cour, constructed wind turbines to generate electricity, which was then used to produce hydrogen for experiments and light and the Askov Highschool. His last windmill of 1896 later became the local powerplant of the village of Askov. Denmark has remained at the forefront of the development of commercial wind power for electricity and in many places the landscape and the sea are dominated by large wind mill farms. The modern Danish landscape is distinct in that every square centimeter is planned. This is a combination of historical and contemporary planning. The landscape can be considered as ‘designed’ as any Danish modern piece of furniture from the 1950’s. 7 DIS Architecture + Design CPH Spring 2017 GUIDE TO VISUAL NOTETAKING The following categories are broad and you need to consider which apply in the case of each location you analyze. For each location choose 4-5 categories to focus, and touch briefly upon the remaining categories. All drawing types are suggestions and must be supplemented by written notes. Site: illustration that captures the essence of site and surroundings. Use drawings such as: plans, section of open space around the building, or quick serial visions. Concept: conceptual drawing that illustrates the main idea. Use drawings such as: diagrams in plan, section, elevation, axon. Context: illustration of what surrounds the building and possibly how this has influenced the design. Use drawings such as: sketches of details, concepts of surroundings, quick diagrammatic perspectives (serial vision), plan. Sequence: description of the sequence of space that the user of the building experiences. Use drawings such as: diagrammatic axon, quick diagrammatic perspectives (serial vision). Structure: conceptual drawing showing the structural main idea. Do any of the structural choices relate back to the context? Use drawings such as: diagrammatic plans, sections, exploded axon, detail sketches. Space: description of the main spatial quality of the building. Use drawings such as: sections, perspectives. Skin: description of the skin of the project. How has the surrounding context influenced the choice of material of the facades? Use drawings such as: details shown in section, axon, sketch perspectives.