The Facets of Time

www.csinow.edu June 16, 2015 Volume 1, Issue 1

The Facets of Time IN THIS ISSUE: The Great Chicago fire Always tip your server! Chicago Mexican bites Oil disaster—who was behind it? Death penalty—yes or no? Summer festivals And so much more...

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THE GREAT CHICAGO FIRE Muhammet Golliev - One of the largest mega disasters of the nine- teenth-century in the United States was the Chicago Fire of 1871, also called the Great Chicago Fire, which lasted almost for two days. It be- gan to burn on the night of Sunday, October 8, 1871 to early Tuesday, October 10, 1871. This unexpected disaster destroyed thousands of buildings, killing up to three hundred people and left more than a hundred thousand residents homeless. Around two hundred million dollars were estimated in damages. Chicago was the perfect place since it was located near the center of the country. It was the place where the railways and waterways all met. Really, it was the perfect, strategic place for anyone to get anywhere. The city was growing fast and most of the buildings were built of wood because it was quick and cheap that way. Homes and businesses were all jumbled together; there were homes next to lumberyards and next to business buildings. At the time, Chicago was the fastest growing city in the world. But in the summer of 1871, fortunes changed as quickly as the weather. It was extremely dry after a hot summer and there was a lack of rain. Winter was coming soon so people were storing wood and fuel so they had enough flammable supplies for the season. Therefore, fire was a real threat for the people of Chicago; they were terrified of fire because it was a city built of wood. According to the legend, on the evening of October 8, 1871, a certain Mrs. Catherine was milking her cow in a barn which was located in the center of the city. It is claimed that a small fire that originated in the barn caused the Great Chicago Fire, but what caused that fire is still being debated after about 150 years. The one thing we can say for sure is that the fire started in the barn; that is the real fact. Just after the fire started, neighbors ran to the firebox and rang the alarm on the firebox to send an alert to the watchtower of the city. Night operators sent a telegraph to the firehouse, but they failed to notify the exact address of the fire. Unfortunately, by the time the firefighters reached the fireplace after 20 minutes of the first alarm the fire had spread to the blocks nearby. They realized it was hard to fight against that fire because the wind pushed the fire to the north and east, all the way to the banks of the river. The sky was all in flames. People did not expect the fire would cross the river but after couple hours the river was in flames because of the greasiness of river.

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I NSIDE S TORY H EADLINE

After jumping the river, the fire was on both sides. The heat of the fire was generating its own wind and was getting bigger and bigger, looking almost like burning tornados! After- wards, the fire jumped the river a second time toward the north district where the only water pumping station was located. Soon, it collapsed knocking out the main water supply of the city. All hope of saving the city was gone. Early Tuesday morning, nearly thirty hours after the fire started, it started to rain and the fire was under control. The fire had burned 4 square miles, and left 300 people dead and about 100,000 people homeless. Everything was gone in- cluding public institutions and hotels. “What is the main reason of the fire?” is a question that should be asked when we talk about the Great Chicago Fire. The cause of the fire has forever remained a mystery. Was it the fault of a cow in a barn? While the blaze ironically spared the cow owner’s home, much of the rest of Chicago was not so fortu- nate. The true cause of the fire will most likely never be determined.

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Always tip your server! Snezana Stojilkovic - As we all know, it is an unwritten rule that after paying for a meal in the US restaurants you should put some extra amount of money to reward your server for the service he or she has performed. There isn’t a magic formula to calculate the percentage of the bill that you should pay as a tip, it varies from states to states, but the broad consensus says it’s between 15 and 20%. Still, many people don’t like this custom. They argue that if they agree to pay for the price of the meal or hotel room they should only pay that amount, and not a cent more. A lot of people would agree that the appropriate salary for the waiter staff and maids should be the responsibility of the establishment and not be based on the mood or random decision of the customers. Are those people right? How did everything begin and why is this so important these days?

About five centuries ago, wealthy customers in England were expected to give a small amount of money or “vails” to the servants who really tried to provide great service. Soon after that, workers in hotels, coffeehouses, pubs and restaurants asked for some extra money for their service, and this practice continued to spread over the country. Americans didn't know anything about tipping before the Civil War. Like many other things, America took on parts of European heritage. Rich Americans who trav- eled abroad after the war witnessed tipping and in order to show what they had learnt and how sophisticated they had become they adopted this custom when they returned home. Yet, during the 1890s many Americans thought that tipping was demeaning, unfair, antidemocratic and in opposition of the country’s ideals, leaving the ser- vile class at the mercy of wealthy people in a country where citizens fought to eliminate class differences. That's why they started a strong anti-tipping movement and in the beginning of the 20th century 6 states (Illinois, Wisconsin, Nebraska, Iowa, Tennessee and South Carolina) tried but failed to make tipping illegal. Even so, Americans remained against tipping for a long time.

It's unknown how and when the word “tip” came into the English language.

Many sources say it was Samuel Johnson’s idea, after visiting a shop with a la- beled bowl on the table “To Insure Promptitude”, where costumers used to put a coin expecting better and faster service. At first, it was shortened to “T.I.P.” and eventually to tip.

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So where is the problem? Despite the fact that the minimum wage for the employees in the USA has increased following inflation in recent years, the salary for tipped workers seems to be frozen under Federal law at $2.13 per hour. Which means that when servers get their paycheck, it's a huge possibility the amount on it will be just a couple of dollars (after paying all sorts of federal, state, and local tax- es). The result is: if they don't get tips, it means they work for the government, which means their income depends on customers’ tips. Have this in mind next time you are paying for your meal in a restaurant!

Why do some people want to ban tipping? Many studies show that great service sometimes doesn’t matches with a good tip or vice versa. In general, generous people won’t judge a server on his/her performance; they will tip well no matter what. Also, you can find discrimination in the amount of tip servers receive. For example, girls are more likely to get a better tip than males, white servers more than black servers, and young people can earn more money than their older counterparts.

For many people who are against tipping another problem can be the percentage basis because it doesn’t make sense. Why? Well, the server does the exact same job delivering you a bottle of wine, no matter if the bottle costs $20 or $200. So, why should a waiter in a fancy restaurant earn $40 just for bringing one bottle, and another one only $4 for the same effort? See? But, even so, it is a custom in the USA, and until someone with legislature power decides to change it and make it illegal or raise the minimum wage for tipped workers we should tip people who serve us. The worst thing you can do to the server is to say: “Everything was delicious, and the service was amazing” and then leave 10% tips. Many servers believe that money speaks louder than words, so next time you say loud and clear that you are satisfied with the service, make sure you support your statement with a decent amount of money. Otherwise, don't say anything. It hurts less, servers say.

Tipping in other countries: While you are in the USA, you are supposed to tip:

Brazil – no tip Argentina – 10% Portugal - “Keep the change” Waiter staff in restaurant

New Zealand – no tip Colombia – 10% Serbia - “Keep the change” Bartenders

Japan – no tip Poland – 10% Cuba - $1 for exceptional service Hotel staff

Denmark – no tip The Bahamas – 10% Greece – max 5-10% Taxi drivers

China – no tip India – 10% Italy – no more than 10% Hairstylists

South Korea – no tip France – up to 10% Spain - 7-10% Nails technicians

Canada – 15-20% Qatar – 15-20% Mexico - 15-20% Delivery staff Coat checking staff

6 The Facetc of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 Chicago Mexican Bites

Yamini Bamania - Food plays an important role in our everyday lives. Break- fast, lunch, dinner, snacks. Chicago is a huge town full of variety in food and people. Nowadays, we can use our smartphones to explore Chicago’s food variety. Apps like Yelp, Grub Hub, Google (Maps) etc. help us along the way. I think it’s easier to come across authentic Mexican food in Chicago since it is home to one of the largest Mexican communities in the U.S. I have a friend who recently took me to one of the most authentic Mexican restaurants in town. This restaurant is called “LA QUEBRADA” and it is located at 5100 S. California, Chicago IL 60632. (They also have two other locations at 3816 W. 63RD ST. Chicago 60629 and 4859 W. Roosevelt Cicero 60804). I was there on a weekend night and it was very busy (probably because the food is delicious)! The majority of the customers there were Mexican, but I talked to management and they said they have all kinds of guests. Just like most Mexican restaurants, they serve you in-house chips and freshly made salsa.

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I would recommend this restaurant because they have the best Mexican food taste in town. I tried a chicken dish named “Carne Asada Popeye.” It contains grilled chicken breast with spinach, cherry tomatoes, mushrooms, green peppers, onions, refried beans, Mexican rice, some Pico de Gallo and some spicy sauce. It’s served with some hot and fresh tortillas.

Some more business information Hours: Open every day from 8.00a.m to 10.00p.m Delivery: Yes Take out: Yes Reservations: No Accepts Credit Cards: Yes Parking: Private parking lot WI-FI: No Outdoor seating: Yes (Spring and Summer seasons)

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The World’s Deadliest Offshore Oil Rig Disaster, Piper

Alpha 1988 – Who Was Behind It?

Kyle Tan — The Piper Alpha oil platform in the North Sea exploded on July 6, 1988 and it was followed by several blasts and serious fires, which inevitably resulted in the deaths of 167 workers with 81 survivors and insurance claims estimated at 1 billion. It was a big oil and gas platform with a complex set of connections for oil and gas and had an accommodation block that was directly above the main drilling area, a situation described by survivors as ‘a hotel sitting on a potential fire bomb’ in Hazel Hartley’s 2001 book on “Disasters – Conceptions and Contexts”. Hazardous materials were also located near highly vol- atile products, oil and gas. Hence, this earned Piper Alpha the reputa- tion of being the most dangerous UK rig. Like many other disasters of the 1980s, there were previous warnings, and the many events that happened at Piper Alpha leading up to the eventual disaster came from the culture, structure and procedures of Occidental Petroleum. The company’s focus on production first and the cost cutting context in its enterprise culture and thereby influencing practices in the oil industry are well-documented. A very serious explosion happened on the rig in 1984, which resulted in 55 men re- quiring medical attention for their injuries. The blast had caused windows and doors to shatter in the accommodation area and this was followed by a fire, which took an hour to extinguish. Although the platform was originally designed to accommodate 200 men, there were 236 men when the incident happened. The Department of Energy submitted a dis- creet and internal inquiry and report to Occidental Petroleum and also provided recommendations to the company. How- ever, the report was never made public and there were no prosecutions. John Donaldson, a former Occidental safety manager, told The Observer that the platform faced commercial pressures to operate at maximum capacity and had a long history of safety lapses. The Cullen inquiry discovered that Occidental Petroleum did not provide emergency training as they had intend- ed as well as failing to assess the risk of such a potential major hazard. The company’s sampling system of safety regulation was superficial and did not comply with the industry standards set by the Department of the Energy (DOE). The DOE covered many technical areas such as means of escape and the availability of emergency control facilities. Conse- quently, the Report recommended the transfer of responsibility for the regulation of health and safety from the Depart- ment of Energy to the Department of Employment under the 1992 Offshore Regulation Act. The main aim of this article is to define corporate and white collar crime precisely when critically analyzing the main issues that have arisen in this disaster in order to understand if the Alpha Piper catastrophe is indeed a result of corporate and white collar crime. Dis- asters are traditionally defined as Acts of God, which are unforeseeable and cannot be avoided. However, there is no such thing as a typical or a catch-all disaster definition as some disasters are caused by geographical and environmental

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There are also disasters of a sudden type, for instance, a bomb or a plane crash. Essentially, these events are seen as social events that have a wide range of negative implications, which include fatalities, injuries, ma- terial and financial loss. Disasters are also sometimes defined as normal or system accidents as they involve the unanticipated interaction of several failures of the system components. For example, in the Piper Alpha disaster, a maintenance failure was followed by a leak of condensate which exploded, causing a large oil fire and this in turn led to the failure of the fire extinguishing system because the initial explosion had destroyed the power supply. There are, however, views that humans play a role in establishing the disasters’ potential even of those originating from natural hazards and that humans’ ways of life construct both the hazards of the modern technological world and the political economy which governs it. The term, ‘white collar crime’, as defined by Ed- win Sutherland (1983), an American sociologist, is ‘the crime committed by a person of respectability and high social status in the course of his occupation.’ Corporate and white collar crimes cause far more substan- tial harm than conventional offences/street crimes that dominate the attention of media, criminologists and the society at large. In broader contexts of vulnerability, disasters are described as events that are not simply random/ chance happenings but involve vulnerability in systems and inculcating natural forces with political, social and economic dynamics. In particular, poorly trained staff, inadequate maintenance, latent errors in the design stage, deregulation and the normalization of human technological hazards by capitalism, increase the vulnerability of a firm to a disaster. For example, immediately before Piper Alpha disaster, there were not enough qualified and trained personnel on board the platform, hence, some less experienced personnel, operators, contract maintenance crews, and production workers were permitted to run Piper Alpha at a time when high-level activity should have required special care, attention, and the ability to recog- nize irregular signs in order to diagnose and fix problems at once. uninterrupted production, unfortunately, important safety issues may have been overlooked by inspec- tion authorities.

10 The Facets of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 When enterprise culture, privatization and deregulation happened during the Margaret Thatcher years (U.K. Prime Minister from 1979 to 1990), the opening up of markets and the need to survive competition meant that businesses were placed under exceptional stress as there were increasing needs for capitalism to advance. Eight pieces of legislation introduced in Britain during this peri- od gave employers greater rights and created casual labor and unpredictable work patterns at the expense of collec- tive control over safety in the workplace. For example, before the Piper Alpha disaster, Wesley Carson (1982), a lexology author, pointed out that the British government (supportive of the petroleum industry for political and economic reasons), eager to benefit from North Sea petroleum, had adopted a hands-off attitude. Hence, in order to allow In working hours, fatigue, stress and legal protection for whistleblowers, it is discovered that work-related stress is described as a serious occupational health challenge and is also considered as the new workplace epidemic. For example, the many alarms that a worker at the accommodation block in the oil rig had to deal with were so immense that he/she would just bypass them in order to allow work to continue. Also, the lack of staff in the time of high activity in Piper Alpha meant that employees had to take on multiple jobs because of the temporary promotion system and this led to more stress in their work and hence, they had re- sorted to shortcuts in order to get their work done fast (which resulted in the failure in the permit to work system and in turn, led to the disaster).

All in all, sources of vulnerability to disasters, set in broader political, economic, organizational and individual contexts of the 1980’s are useful frameworks when trying to identify the origins of man-made disasters and also reinforce our understanding of them. Based on my findings in this article, I have no doubt that the Piper Alpha disaster is a result of corporate and white collar crime as Occidental Petroleum had breached many civil and regulatory statutes at the time of the catastrophe. In comparison to oil disasters in recent times; for example, the Montana oil spill between 2006 and 2014, in which 283,832 gallons of oil were leaked into the Yellowstone River, killing fish and wildlife, the Piper Alpha disaster seems like a massive mishap that unfortunately resulted in the loss of human lives and should serve as a lesson that we ought to learn from, in order to prevent such disasters from ever happening again.

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DEATH PENALTY—YES OR NO?! Anwar Roji Chein— The effectiveness of the death penalty is a debate that has being going on for years. People voice their opinion against it, while others voice their opinion in favor of it, and, most of the time, the disagreement between both never come to an understanding.

Execution of criminals or even political, social or business opponents has been used by all societies throughout history. Death by execution has been around since the beginning of times, but it was in the 20th century when most countries abolished this kind of punishment..

Public opinion about this matter varies from country to country and also from crime to crime. Nowadays it is impossible to think that stealing a wheel would mean a death sentence, but in the past it would. And this is when we ask ourselves, is the death penalty in the United States really effective?

Dan Brook, a Progressive and a known detractor of the death penalty, says “The death penalty is totalitarian (. . .) barbaric, antiquated, regressive (. . .) doesn’t have a deterrent fac- tor and doesn’t decrease crime,” and he has reasons to say it. According to de ONODC (an of- fice inside the UN that tries to prevent drugs and crime), the U.S. holds the 8th place in number of assassinations per year.

According to the Pew Research Center the majority of U.S. adults (55%) support the death penalty. Dudley Sharp, Death Penalty Resources Director says, “6% of young adults pa- roled in 1978 after having been convicted of murder were arrested for murder again within 6 years of release. Murderers have so violated the human rights of their victims and of society that it should be a moral imperative that they never again have that opportunity.”

Country dangerousness is measured by the rate of homicides, not by the number of homicides, so, with that premise, the bigger the country, the more murders can occur, and, with a population of over 300 million the United States is placed in 110th. This is not proof that the death penalty deters murder in this country, but it clearly indicates that it’s safe. Is the death penalty effective?

The decision is yours.

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DID YOU KNOW? Snezana Stojilkovic:

- Although English is the most commonly spoken language used in the U.S. and is the language used in gov- There are more public libraries than McDonald's in the U.S. ernment, the country has no official language.

- If you have $10 in your pocket and no debts, you are wealthier than 25% of Americans! :) - 22 million chickens are consumed in the US every day.

- Even if Bill Gates gave up every single penny of his fortune, he would have taken care of only 15 days’ deficit of America.

- All 50 states are listed across the top of the Lincoln Memorial on the back of the $5 bill.

- The name “Illinois” comes from a Native American word meaning “tribe of superiormen.”

- Des Plaines is home to the first McDonald’s.

- The first slave owner was black.

- Apple has more operating cash than the U.S. Treasury

- Christmas was illegal in the U.S. until 1836 as it was considered an Ancient Pagan Holiday.

- In the U.S. it costs US$245,000 to raise a child, before college.

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The Four Corners Monument is the only point in the U.S. shared by four states.

There is a town called “Big Ugly” in West Virginia.

The world's first Skyscraper was built in Chicago, 1885.

In the White House, there are 13,092 knives, forks and spoons!

The Chicago Public Library is the world's largest public library with a col- lection of more than 2 million books The cost of college in the U.S. has gone up 500% since 1985. John F. Kennedy was buried without his brain after it was lost during the autopsy!

The United States has the highest minimum drinking age in the world.

The last time American Green cards were actually green was 1964.

There are 10 towns named Hollywood in the United States!

There are more telephones than people in Washington, D.C.

Until President Kennedy was killed, it wasn’t a federal crime to assassinate the President.

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SUMMER, TIME FOR MUSIC FESTIVALS!

Anwar Roji Chein—As we all know, winter in Chicago is long, really long; that is why on summer the city reborns to host a large quantity of festivals. From Lollapalooza to neigh- borhood gatherings, you have a lot of options to choose from; you can either buy a VIP pass or go to a block party and still enjoy one of the best bands right now JUNE: 12-14 jun. - Mid June has one of the most expected EDM Music Festivals, THE SPRING AWAKENING MUSIC FESTIVAL. It is going to take place on Soldier Field and promises to be a hit; the bass will be dropped when Hardwell, Tiesto and Zedd along with Diplo, Afrojack and Eric Prydz take on the turn tables. Three day tickets starting at $200 on the webpage, for more information and full lineup, visit www.springawakenings.com (TIP: If you don’t want to pay that kind of money, find an after party of your favorite DJ, they are usually booked for shows on a club the day they play) Other Festivals on June:  Andersonville Midsommarfest, June 12 – 14, Andersonville  Chicago Blues Fest, June 12-14, Grant Park, Millennium Park  Ravinia Festival, June 13-September 12, Highland Park (northern suburbs)  Grant Park Music Festival, Starting on June 17 – Ending on August 22, Wednesdays, Fridays, 6:30 p.m.; Saturdays, 7:30 p.m., Pritzker Pavilion, Millennium Park, free  Elkhart Jazz Festival, June 19, 20, 21, downtown Elkhart, IN.  Wicker Park’s Green Music Fest, June 20, 21, Damen betw North and Schiller  World’s Largest Block Party, June 27, 28, Old St. Patrick’s Church, 700 W. Adams  Navy Pier Summer Fireworks, Wednesdays & Saturdays, all month JULY: If you have not had enough with June’s festivals, here comes July with the main event of the summer LOLLAPALOOZA, and other several festivals that you cannot miss. Even if you buy a one day or a three day pass, Lollapalooza is a warranty of fun; the Grant Park will host Paul McCartney, Metallica and Florence + The Machine as headliners this year. This festival has something for everyone; you can dance your ass off at Perry’s Stage, then, grab a snack in one of the food stands and finally sing along with your favorite rock band. Tickets are sold out so we recommend to search in stubhub.com for a one day or a three day pass (one day passes starting at $160) but you can always go to the main door the day of the event, there are usually people selling one day passes there (TIP: Again, some of the bands are booked for shows around the city after their performance, search for your favorite band after party at lollapalooza.com or just google it!)

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Other Festivals on July:  Summerfest, July 1-July 6, Henry Maier Festival Park, Milwaukee  Fourth of July Fireworks, July 4 at Navy Pier  Square Roots Music Festival, July 10- 12, Lincoln Square  Ruido Fest, July 10-12, Addams/Medill Park, Pilsen  West Fest: July 11, 12, West Town, Chi- cago Ave. from Damen to Wood  Mamby on the Beach: July 11, 12, Oakwood Beach  Pitchfork Music Festival: July 17-19, Union Park  Summer on Southport, July 18, 19, Southport and Waveland  Wicker Park Fest, July 25-26, Milwaukee Avenue Between North Avenue and Paulina Street  \Fiesta del Sol: July 30-August 2, Pilsen on Cermak between Morgan and Ashland  Lollapalooza, July 31 – August 2, Grant Park  Navy Pier Summer Fireworks, Wednesdays & Saturdays, all month. AUGUST August comes as a time to reflection, Lollapalooza has just passed and all we want is a little time to relax. This month hosts the city of Chicago Air and Water show Aug 15- 16. This is the largest FREE show of its kind in the United States. The show can be viewed along the lakefront from Fullerton to Oak Street, with North Avenue Beach as the focal point. Other Festivals on August:  Edge Fest: August 1, 2, Edgewater, 5900 N. Broadway at Thorndale Ave.  Retro on Roscoe, August 7- 9, Damen Avenue and Roscoe Street  Wrigleyville Summerfest, August 8, 9, School Street and Seminary Avenue  Taste of Andersonville, August 12, dinner crawl  Edison Park Fest, August 14-16, Chicago’s northwest side, Oshkosh and Olmsted  Reggae Fest Chicago, August 15 - 16  Clark After Dark, Thursday, August 20, on Hubbard Street between Clark and LaSalle, 4 p.m. to 10 p.m.  Albany Park World Fest, August 22, 23, Lawrence & Kimball  Taste of Highland Park, August 29, 30, art, food, entertainment, downtown Highland Park, northern suburb Navy Pier Summer Fireworks, Wednesdays & Saturdays, all month.

16 The Facets of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 SEPTEMBER

Summer is –sadly- almost over. We have experienced a lot of festivals throughout the summer but there is one last show to attend: RIOT FEST CHICAGO 2015 11-13 September. For the eleventh year, this music festival takes Chicago, although, it leaves Humboldt Park and takes up residence in Douglas Park. The lineup is not out yet and early bird tickets are sold out but they are releasing general admission tickets for sale soon. Visit http:// riotfest.org and subscribe to the newsletter to receive the complete lineup and other news

about the festival.

Other Festivals on September:  Chicago Fringe Festival, September 3 – 13, Jefferson Park  Chicago Jazz Festival, September 3-6, Grant Park  Englewood Jazz Festival, September 3-6, Hamilton Park Cultural Center  Navy Pier Summer Fireworks, final day, September 5  Stars of Lyric Opera at Millennium Park, September 11  World Music Festival Chicago *16th annual* September 11 – 22, various locations in- cluding Millennium Park  Oktoberfest Chicago, September 25-27, St. Alphonsus, Southport and Lincoln Avenue  Hyde Park Jazz Festival, September 26, 27, Hyde Park, various locations North Coast Music Festival, Union Park, September TBA

27 The Facets of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 Survey at CSI Chicago

Source: Interviewees from Business English Program at CSI Chicago, Zaki Ghauri

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Anwar Roji Chein—Summer is here! And as we all know, outing with friends or family can sometimes be pricy. Fortunately, some of the best Chicago Muse- ums offer free or discount days so you don’t have to spend a lot of money. You can now see one of the few complete T-Rex skeletons at Field Museum or learn how tornadoes form at the Museum of Science and History. Remember, these discounts are for Illinois residents only, so you will need to show a valid Illinois I.D.

Adler Planetarium An excellent option if you are into space, ships, planets, and that kind of stuff. You can start by taking a walk through space and then experiencing the night sky over Chicago as it appeared in 1913. Address: 1300 S Lake Shore Dr Opening hours: Weekdays 9:30am–4pm, weekends 9:30am–4:30pm.Summer daily 9:30am–6pm. Price: $12, seniors $10, kids ages 3–11 $8; discounts for Chicago residents $2–$3

Art Institute of Chicago This museum owns more than 300,000 artworks and artifacts. Is a perfect place to enjoy art. Address: 111 S Michigan Ave Opening hours: Mon–Wed 10:30am–5pm, Thu 10:30am–8pm, Fri–Sun 10:30am–5pm. Price: $23; seniors, students and kids 14 and over $17; kids 13 and under free. $5 discount for Chicago residents, Illinois residents $3 off. Thu 5–8pm free for Illinois residents.

The Field Museum Built for the World Columbian Exposition of 1839, this museum has a lot of exhibitions, and when we say A LOT we mean it, the museum has around 300,000 ft2. As we men- tioned before you can see dinosaurs, ancient artifacts, and even a Gems Exhibition Address: 1400 S Lake Shore Dr Opening hours: Daily 9am–5pm. No entry after 4pm.. Price: $18, seniors and students $15, kids ages 3–11 $13. Discounts for Chicago residents

27 The Facets of Time Page 19 Lincoln Park Zoo

One of the few free zoos availa- ble in the United States. Although compared to other zoos it is a little small (35 acres), it has around 1200 animals in exhibition. Address: 2001 N Clark St Opening hours: May 26– September 3, Mon–Fri 10am– 5pm; Sat, Sun 10am–6:30pm Price: FREE DAILY!!!

Museum of Science and History

If you like museums were you can touch, play and learn, this one is for you. This museum focuses on interactive exhibitions so you will have plenty of things to do. Besides its permanent displays, this museum offers the option to enter “special exhibitions” such as a restored U-505 German submarine, or the opportunity to visit a coal mine replica (this special exhibitions are charged separately). Address: 5700 Lake Shore Dr Opening Hours: Daily 9:30am–4pm. See website for extended seasonal hours. Price: $15–$18, seniors $14–$17, kids ages 3–11 $10–$11, kids 2 and under, Free

Free Museum Entry for Illinois Resi- dents: June 1-5, 8 September 8-11, 14-18, 21-25, 28-30 October 5, 6

20 The Facets of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 WOMEN’S FASHION

By Hathairat Khongsombut and Chitmaniee Jarujarungwat

Ladies, when you talk about the summer, what do you imagine? Summer is the season of fashion. You can have a lot of fun dress- ing up and changing your style. This summer is about colors. Make sure to mix and match your style! If you need tips on your style, you can always consult our favorite site: cosmopolitan.com. Clothes/ Shoes/ Accessories

A Bright Skirt for a Simple Day

Wear a simple top (no prints, only solids) but have fun with a col- orful skirt. Wear sandals, sunglasses, and your favorite handbag to finish the look.

Elegant Lady in Shorts

For ladies who like to wear shorts, you can always dress them up with some heels and a blazer. This gives you a sexy and elegant look. Wear a necklace and a watch to finish your look. Party Dress Are you going out or to a party, ladies? Go for a printed dress! You can go short or long, it depends on your mood that night. Go for a simple, strappy heel: choose a solid color (like black), but no print. Finish this look with your luxury purse.

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For Those Who Love Boots

If you like to wear boots in the summer, you can match them with short shorts or skinny jeans. You can also pair your booties with a short, print chiffon dress, finished off with a fitted jean jacket or crochet vest.

IT’S

TIME

FOR

SUDOKU!

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Horoscopes— June 2015 by Jessica Bustamante

Capricorn (December 22-January 19) Your ability to easily make friends will open up an exciting career opportunity. Take advantage of it! Use your fun and loving nature to venture out and explore a new relationship. Love is in the air!

Aquarius (January 20-February 18) Many things are changing in your life this month, but your down to earth and outgoing personality will pull you through. You will be helpful and of service to others (a lot more than usual). Take pleasure in the soothing benefits of giving!

Pisces (February 19-March 20) Creativity is at its best this month! You will feel great joy from allowing your imagination to roam. Do indulge in your favorite hobby for some therapeutic healing.

Aries (March 21-April 19) You have been working very hard these past few months – time to ake a break! Recharge your battery in the company of loved ones. Use your down time for some much needed cleaning around the house.

Taurus (April 20-May 20) Ideas, ideas, ideas! Your new and bright ideas are coming forth and now is the time to bring them to fruition. Your ability to think quickly and communicate effectively will add to your momentum.

Gemini (May 21-June 20) You will probably make fewer trips to the ATM this month. It is essential to hold on to your 'bling' for now – perhaps you're saving for an important event in the near future? Instead, take the time to value your friendships.

27 The Facets of Time Page 25

Cancer (June 21-July 22) Your confidence is through the roof and who can blame you? Plans are coming along and energy levels are at their best! This month you will exceed your own expectations so be prepare to blow yourself away.

Leo (July 23-August 22) Your compassionate nature is on point this month. Take advantage of this moment to connect with all sorts of people in your life: a friend, a co- worker, your boss. Stronger connections will make you feel better!

Virgo (August 23-September 22) You have focused too much on your career and now is the time to spread your wings, social butterfly. Take the initiative and reach out to others for an evening outing. Go catch a movie or indulge in a few cocktails.

Libra (September 23-October 22) Your humble attitude has made you feel that your hard work has gone un- recognized. Let your light shine! It's ok to boast about your abilities every now and again. Don't hold back!

Scorpio (October 23-November 21) Don't let the angst and injustices of life get to you. Although difficult to accomplish, you must remain stable in your inner peace and harmony. Re- member, it's better to release positive energy into the world!

Sagittarius (November 21-December 21) You will begin to view several people in your life a bit differently. Be sure to not make any quick judgments! Instead, sit back and meditate on the changes that are taking place in others. Learn from it all – it will make you wiser.

26 The Facetc of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 Greatest Soccer Player of All-Time

Kyle Tan — Goals Scored This is debate that would go on for decades. What qualities would you associate with a truly great player? Flair? Dribbling techniques? Pace? Goal- scoring ability? If that is what you think make up the best soccer player, then these four names; Maradona, Messi, Pele and Ronaldo more than fit the bill. While it is difficult to separate the four of them, each of these players make a compelling case for the crown of greatest soccer player of all time. Firstly, let us take a look at the goal-scoring statistics to date between the four players:

Players Goals Scored Maradona 346 Messi 442

Pele 757 Ronaldo 468

(Source: Skysports, 2015)

It is obvious who has the upper hand as far as goal -scoring is concerned, however, it is also important to note that Pele did not play in Europe while his rivals, Maradona played in the 80’s and 90’s in Italy while Messi and Ronaldo are still gracing the Spanish league as of now. Even though the European leagues are generally considered more competitive than their South-American counterparts, achieving 757 goals in 812 games in any league is by no means, an easy feat. With both Messi and Ronaldo well on their way to hitting 500 goals, who are us to say that they won’t reach Pele’s goal tally? On the other hand, it may seem a little unfair to compare Maradona with the three in terms of goal-scoring ex- ploits, since the former, in his playing days, operated in a deeper role (in fact deeper than his three rivals), col- lecting the ball from the halfway line and taking on four to five players before eventually putting the ball into the back of the net.

27 The Facets of Time Volume 1, Issue 1 Number of World Cup Wins

Naturally, one would associate the number of World Cup titles won by a player when debating about the best soccer player of all time. Below is the number of World Cup wins by the aforementioned players: Players World Cup Wins

Maradona 1986

Messi None Pele 1958, 1962 & 1970 Ronaldo None

(Source: Skysports, 2015)

Again, Pele takes the cake in this category, however, does winning the World Cup truly represents the pinnacle/highlight of a footballer’s career? In this day and age, a player’s domestic and continental league competitions are considered more prestigious and competitive than international cups. Hence it would be a mistake to undermine Messi’s and Ronaldo’s club achievements. The closest Ronaldo came to an international triumph was Euro 2004, and unfortunately, he finished runners up to Greece in the final. Ever since, he had to carry Portugal all by himself as the national team was frequently saddled with tactical problems and second tier players. Messi, on the other hand, came close to the World Cup trophy itself in the recently concluded Brazilian World Cup 2014, falling short only to the brilliance of Germany and Mario Gotze’s only goal of the final. Maradona’s ascension to the World Cup Final was not without controversy as his ‘Hand of God’ goal effectively eliminated England in the semis and Argentina went on to lift the trophy in Mexico City. The general public regards the World Cup to be the ultimate silverware any top football player should have in their trophy cabinet when their careers draw to a close. Undoubtedly, the trophy was made glamourous by Pele as he burst into the World Cup scene as a 17-year-old and set the tournament alight in Sweden in 1958. He then went to win the cup a record three times with Brazil and forever etched his name in the World Cup folklore. Club Statistics Players League Titles Continental Championships Maradona 3 0 Messi 6 3 Pele 7 2 Ronaldo 4 2

(Source: Skysports, 2015) Where else to look at when judging a player’s class? Look no further than a player’s club numbers because it is at their clubs where they truly ply their trade and amass international stardom. In this case, is there any doubt that Messi has the upper hand in this category? Pele comes close to matching his statistics, but you ultimately have to give it to Messi as he inspired Barcelona to three Spanish La Liga titles in a row from 2009 to 2011, winning 2 Champions League titles in the process. Messi’s fiercest Spanish league rival, Ronaldo won the La Decima (a tenth European title) in the Champions League with Real Madrid last season and also amassed an impressive feat of 4 domestic titles with both Manchester United and Real Madrid. Even though Pele was never involved in European club competition, but he did win the Copa Libertadores twice in South America. The only player in this list who did not win a continental cup with his clubs is Maradona, however he did inspire Napoli to two Serie A titles in 1987 and 1990 when the Italian league is at its best.

28 The Facetc of Time Volume 1, Issue 1

It is of utmost importance for a world class football player to have a long lasting international career to showcase his talents on the world stage. In determining who is the best player ever is, that player would have to have perform at a world class level at the highest level for as long as possible. In this regard, Maradona had the longest career out of the four contenders, garnering 17 years’ worth of international football. Pele is second in this list, having played 14

years of international football before moving to the United States to join the New York Cos- mos. As of now, both Ronaldo and Messi are still plying their trade on the international stage and between the pair, they currently have 22 years’ worth of world football under their belts. Time will tell when these two superstars would call time on their international careers but The result? I do not believe that we can say with confidence who the best player ever is. Each of our contenders in this article has traits, personal and international accolades that every pro- fessional football can only dream about and each of them are unique in their own way. One thing I can say with certainty is that Messi is the best club player to ever grace the football field with only the World Cup missing from his trophy cabinet. By the time the next World Cup comes about, he would still only be 31 years old and should he win the trophy in 2018, he could certainly lay claim to the title of best footballer ever.