ERRATA I ‘ i: the name Yoshltuo O the first of our pic"torial , page . Hiranon” in the caption to the upper left-hand corner picture ‘should read “Yoshitaro Hirano.” “Tartan Kudo” in the cap- CHRONICLES the life of the Chinese 0n the same page, the name people should read and their in lower right—hand corner picture PEOPLE’S reports progress building a New tion to the Democratic society; “Tadao Kudo." DESCRIBES the new trenrts in Chinese art. C H I N literature, science, education and other aspects of A the people’s cultural life; to For A FORTNIGHTLY MAGAZINE SEEKS strengthen the friendship between Peace in Korea the people of China and those other lands in Editor: Lin Tum-chi of the cause of peace.

HE whole world atmosphere has bcen tried vainly “military pressure" to gain its No. I?” changed by the agreement to repatriate aims. B, C O N T E N T 5 I6 April sick and wounded prisoners of war in Korea. Now that arrangements have been For Peace made in Korea The is ...... agreement a . . . 3 big step towards the ter- to exchange sick and wounded P.O.W‘s, the Return of Japanese Nationals mination of ...... months . 4 thirty-three of bloodshed Chinese and Korean proposal provides a quick, 0n the in Negotiations for the Armistice that war—torn country. It the Korean (A Statement by opens way to fair way to solve the Premier Chou question of the others. En-lai) ...... further action in 5 accordance with the new The proposal calls for the as soon Marshal Kim Il and repatriation, Sung General Teh-huai’s Letter to General Chinese and Korean Pang proposal for a solution of as a cease-fire Mark Clark takes place, of all who insist on ...... 7 the sole that question still holds up an armistice home. The Mutual-Aid and going Any remaining P.O.W’s are to be (To-operative Movement in North China —the issue of prisoners of war. Together with handed over to a neutral state so the matter ...... Wang Chien 8 that other recent initiatives taken “Koje by the camp of or! their l'nscreened repatriation can be settled in a . . , . . i just .Ling Wu-sun 12 and How peace democracy headed by the Soviet Agriculture is 'l'nxed manner. In a in China .Li advancing such solution, the Cheng-jui 15 Union to relax international Anshun tensions, this pro- Arises Anew Korean and Chinese side adheres to the ...... ,Hsu 23 prin- Chih posal has brought to all From (iamhlers‘ hope mankind. Resort to ciples of international law in the in- ...... which, People‘s Park . . , .Li Yu-wen 27 Good-bye, Japanese terests of all Friends! The peoples of all peoples, it is defending against ...... Our Correspondent 29 countries have their Talk: on the Return of on Violation, At the same it is Japanese Nationals eyes Panmunjom. are time, making a ...... 31 They pressing with The Fruits of China concession as renewed for an regards the steps to be taken ...... Kao Shih-shan 32 vigour immediate cease-fire in A Sunday in the to ('uuntry Korea because ensure the peace the people need...... Tien Liu 35 they realise that it is the first and indispensable step towards The time has come for an immediate re- PlCTORIAL PAGES: dispelling the clouds at a new general war. It was to sumption of full-scale negotiations and for the friendship ”elween the and (‘hina Chinese Japanese Peoples; How carry out this desire that the Soviet display of a similarly Protects the repre- conciliatory spirit by the People‘s Health; The People's Park, sentative in Shanghai the United Nations made the first other side, As Premier Chou En-lai pointed ...... 19—22 move for a truce on June 25, 1951 and that the out in his statement of March 30: IN THE NEWS Korean ...... and Chinese negotiators, patient by .. ‘. .subsequent upon the reasonable solu- and (oven tireless efiort over long months, succeeded Norma, fion of the question of sick and injured prison- in about an ‘‘ on all bringing agreement points it I’easan [5 err, of war, is a matter of course ‘0 , entirely Learning ['56 New of the armistice State Horse-drawn Farm Implements at agreement with the sole ex- a for that a smooth solution to the whole question "I Centre Modern Promoting Agricultural Machines ception of the repatriation of P.O.VV’S. It was of of war Sunnklang Province prisoners should be achieved, pro- on the last remaining point that the U.S. side vided that both sides are prompted by real insisted on of M:u violations the Geneva Conven- to about an 155%,“—nd Sincerity bring armistice in Korea matter at the General Post Oifige oi Cluna l’ubllslnd l luy 1 . ‘“ tions, finally walked out FOREIGN of Panmunjom and in the spirit of mutual compromise.” LANGUAGES muss, zs Kuo Hui Chieh, raking. china- April 1 5, 1953 Return of Japanese Nationals ON THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR THE

friendship of the was peoples strikingly people draw a sharp, clear line of demarcation KOREAN ARMISTICE THEdemonstrated in the fraternal send-off between the ordinary men and women of Japan given to 4,936 Japanese residents who left ‘and the reactionary ruling clique whirh Statement Chou China {or their homeland on March by En-lai, Premier and Minister for ZO—the first Washington tries to hoist onto their backs. Foreign group to return under an agreement Atfairs of between To the Central People’s Government the bitter disappointment of the re- the Chinrse Red Cross Society on the one hand actionary press, the returning re» and the Japanese Red Cross Japanese Society, Japanese HE Central People’s Government of the on the "sidents on their arrival gave place, question of a cease-fire in Peace Liaison Committee and ringing testimony Korea, Japan»China of People’s Republic of China and the Gov- about which the this friendship to their own people and the whole world is concerned, both Friendship Association on the other, ernment of the Democratic entire People’s Republic sides have that world. They have seen the tremendous already agreed “the Commanders of studied the of This event has Korea, having jointly proposal the sides shall order a special significance be— construction and in China since opposing and enforce a development forward cause put by General Mark W. Clark, Com- Complete of its background. The the cessation of all hostilities in Korea Japanese imperial~ liberation. They have shared its benefits in by tsls mander-in-Chief of the United Nations Com- all armed forces shed oceans of Chinese blood under their control, in the criminal terms of social insurance and con— including employment, mand, on February 22, 1953, concerning the all units and invasion of China that lasted personnel of the ground, from 1931 to 1945. Ktantly improving conditions of life. of naval, They exchange sick and injured prisoners of war and air forces, ellective And today the Japanese twelve hours after this reactionaries have enjoyed a lire in a in which of both sides and good country during the period of hostilities, Armistice Agreement is militarists, a signed.” (Paragraph 12 seeking comeback under the are are of the the au- people building for themselves. common opinion that it is entirely of the Draft Korean spices of Armistice American to Agreement.) imperialism, continue to be The Chinese possible achieve a reasonable settlement of .both sides so people wish their Japanese Secondly, have further reached hostile to China that the this formal state of question in accordance with the provision agreement on war friends Wellr They send back with them their the various important conditions between the countries of Article 109 of the .two has not yet Geneva Convention of for an armistice. On the been greetings to all peace—loving Japanese—and question of fixing a ended. But a new 1949. A reasonable settlement of the force, to which the question military demarcation line and future their confidence no a has that force on earth can ob- of establishing belongs, grown exchanging sick and injured prisoners of war up——thc of demilitarised zone, both sides have friendship the n‘h‘ud the of the two already Japanese and doveloping friendship has clearly a very the Chinese peoples. significant bearing upon agreed mat the actual line of contact The Chinese for between peoples peace. smooth settlement of the entire of both question sides at the time when the Armistice prisoners of war. It is, therefore, our view Agreement becomes effective shall be made the that the time should be considered for ripe military demarcation line and that “both sides the settling entire question of prisoners of war shall withdraw two kilometers from this line in order to ensure the cessation of hostilities so as to establish a Demilitarized Zone between in Korea and to conclude the armistice agree— the . opposing forces .as a bufier zone to ment. pre» vent the occurrence of incidents The whichmigbt Government of the People’s lead to a Republic resumption of hostilities.” l of China (Paragraph and the Government of the Demo- 01 the Draft Armistice On the cratic Agreement.) People’s Republic of Korea hold in com- question of supervising the implementation of mon that the delegates of the Korean Armistice People’s the Agreement and settling violations Army and the Chinese People‘s Volunteers to of the Armistice Agreement, both sides have the armistice negotiations and the of delegates already agreed that a Military Armistice Com— the United Nations Command to the armistice of mission, composed five senior officers ap- negotiations should immediately start negotia- Dointed jointly by the Supreme Commander of tions on the question of exchanging sick and M'Korean People’s Army and the Commander injured prisoners of war during the period of Gillie Chinese People’s Volunteers, and five hostilities, and should proceed to seek an over— Senior ofi‘lcers appointed by the Commander-in- settlement all of the question of prisoners of Qiier of the United Nations Command, shall be war. t up to be responsible for the The supervision Korean armistice negotiations in the of the iniplementation of the Armistice Agree- past one year and more have already laid the ment; including the supervision and direction foundation for the realisation of an armistice of the Committee for Repatriation of Prisoners in Korea. In the course of the negotiations at of War, and for settling through negotiations Kaesong and the delegates of both Panmunjom, any violations of the Armistice Agreement sides have reached on agreement all questions, 19, 25 cam by Fang Chen (Paragraphs 20, 24, and 56 of the Draft except that of prisoners of war. In the first Armistice Agreement); both sides have also People’s China April 1 6, 1953 agreed that 3 Neutral Nations Supervisoryr the arrangements to of and relating prisoners war, to hand over the of Commission shall be set remaining prisoners and are afraid to return be handed up composed of two -éxcept on the of the of home, over question repatriation war to a neutral state so senior officers as to ensure a just to a neutral and that appointed as representatives of state, explanations be given by prisoners war. Had the Korean armistice solution to the question of their them the Poland and neutral nations repatriation. by side concerned, thus Czechoslovakia, , negotiations not been for more than ensuring interrupted It must be pointed out that: in nominated by the advancing that the question of their repatriation will be jointly Supreme Commander "five months, a solution since have this might long proposal, we no means 0! the Korean by relinquish the justly settled and will not the People's Army and the Com- been found to this issue of the obstruct realisa- repatriation of principle of release and mandcr of the Chinese repatriation of war tion at an armistice in Korea. People’s Volunteers, and ‘gprisoners of War. prisoners without after the of two sclJor officers as delay cessation appointed representatives New inasmuch as the United are Nations Com- hostilities set. forth in We convinced that this new taken by Sucden and Article 118 of the Geneva step Switzerland, neutral nations mand has to settle in the proposed accordance with nor do by Government of the nominated the Convention, we the asser- People’s Republic by Commander-in»Chiet of the acknowledge ,Article 109 of the Geneva the tion of of China and the Government of the United Nations Convention, the United Nations Command that there Democratic Command, and that under this of question exchanging sick and injured prison- are People’s Republic of Korea for the Commission there shall among the prisoners of war individuals terminating be provided of Neutral war during the of we who hostilities in Korea is in ,Iers period hostilities, allegedly refuse It complete accord with Nations inspection Teams of repatriation. is only composed officers "consider that the reasonable the vital of subsequent upon because the termination of interests the peoples whose sons appointed as members to the the bloody war in Teams by the settlement of the are question of sick and injured Korea and the fighting on both sides in Korea and is also attire-mentioned nations. These peaceful settlement of the Inspection prisoners of it is a matter in war, entirely of course Korean is complete accord with the fundamental in- Teams shall be stationed at the question bound up with the question ports that a smooth following solution to the whole question of of the terests of the people of the whole world. of entry in North Korea: peace and security of the people of the If Sinuiju, Chongjin, prisoners of war should be the United Nations has achieved, provided Far East and the world we Command the good faith Hungnum. Manpo, Sinnnju, and at the that take this new that both sides are to following prompted by real sincerity and seek peace, this of our side ports of entry in South Korea: step propose that after the cessation of proposal ought Inchon, to about an armistice in to Taegu, bring Korea in the those be accepted by it. Pusan. Knngnung and to hostilities, captured personnel of our side Kunsan, supervise and spirit of mutual the compromise who, under the inspect implementation of the intimidation and oppression of Peking, provisions the of that both Regarding question prisoners of war, the opposite are sides cease the introduction side, filled with apprehensions March 1953 into the Government of the so, Koren or reinforcing People’s Republic of military personnel and China and combat the Government of the Democratic aircraft, armoured vehicles, weapons People’s Republic of Korea have held and ammunition for always (except rotation and re. and continue to hold that a placement as reasonable solution permitted by those MARSHAL KIM IL SUNG AND GENERAL PENG TEH-HUAI’S can lie in the release and and may conduct provisions) only repatriation of special observations and at in: \‘w'ar‘prisoncrs without delay alter the cessation opeclions those places outside LETTER TO the Demili- of hostilities in GENERAL MARK CLARK tensed Zone where accordance with the stipulations violations of the Armistice of 1949 Agreement have the Geneva Convention, particularly General been reported to have Mark W. Clark, a! war of both sides during the period of hostili— to as occurred those of Article ensure the 118 of the Convention. How- to stability or the Commander-in-Cbief, ti‘la This proposal should be dealt with in armistice. ever, in View of the fact that the military difierences United Nations Command: (Paragraph: 36, 37, 4t), 41, 42 accordance with the provisions of Article 109 01 the and 43 between the two sides on this Drait Armistice question now We received Agreement.) your letter dated February of the Geneva Convention. At the same time, constitute the only obstacle to the realisation 22, 1953. we consider that the reasonable settlement of of an armistice in Korea, and in order to satiety Concerning the question of repatriating the question of sick and the desire of the exchanging injured people of the world for peace, with priority seriously sick and seriously in— Prisoners of war of both sides during the period the Government of the People's Republic at jured prisoners of war of both sides, the dele- of hostilities should be made to lead to the China and the Government of the Democratic gates for armistice negotiations of both sides smooth settlement of the entire question of People’s Republic of Korea, in pursuance of had, as a matter of fact, reached in Prisoners of an armis- a higher level their agreement, war, thereby achieving of both sides consistently maintained peace policy and b accordance with humanitarian principles, on tice in Korea for which people throughout the nntntivu appointed their position of for the consistently working 53 of Korean Paragraph the Draft Armistice world are longing. Therefore, our side pro- through . settle negotiations th6 speedy realisation of an armistice in Korea and questions it was because the drawll oi of the Agreement. solely Korean poses that the delegates for armistice all with— for a negotia» foreign ;orces » striving peaceful settlement of the from . armistice were lions of both pun-fut Korea, the negotiations suspended that sides immediately resume the settlement of _Kotean question thus to preserve and con- the there was no to this at 04-" Korean question way implement agreed negotiations Panmunjom. Furthermore, our 80 . salidate world are to tl’arazraph ' peace, take of the prepared steps In it has not officer Draft provision. consequence, been pos- liaison is prepared to meet your liaison Agreement.) Armistice to eliminate the difierences on this question so sible ‘ to up the present to repatriate seriously ofllcer to discuss and decide on the date for re— is to bring about an armistice in Korea. To sick and of war of the this seriously injured prisoners suming negotiations. end, the Government at the People’s Ee- both sides. KIM l'L SUNG, public of China and the Government of the Since your side now expresses readiness to Supreme Commander of the Korean Democratic People's Republic of Korea propose apply the provisions of the Geneva Convention People’s Amy that both parties to the negotiations should to sick and injured prisoners of war in the PENG ’l‘EH-HUAI, undertake to repatriate immediately after the custody of both sides, our side, as an expression Commander of the Chinese People’s cessation of hostilities all those prisoners or war of the similar intent, fully agrees to your side’s Volunteers in their custody who insist upm'l repatriation proposal to exchange sick and injured prisoners March 23, 1953 People’s I China April 16. 1953 I teams is fairly permanent; members The Mutual-Aid and help one another at all times through- Caiéoperative out the year. These teams are the inter- mediate form of mutual aid. In North China Through Movement, them agricultural production can be carried on according to simple plans, i Wang Chien and scientific methods can be in— 3 troduced Labour efficiency is increased is organised according to the voluntary prin- as a result of division of labour. Some of China and its great leader Mao of Tse— gciple, for mutual benefit. It is a form of collec- these mutual-aid teams take up sub- tung. the peasants of North China have com—{Jive labour based on private ownership of the sidiary occupations and thereby increase pleted the land reform and up-rooted the feudal d. Its law of development is growth from their peasant members’ income. Some land system. On the basis of this achievement seasonal to year-round mutual aid, from a teams spend their increased incomes on they have responded to Chairman Mao Tse— lower to a higher form In North China today buying property in common such as lung‘s call to organise for production by forming there are three types of such mutual a“ i“ farm implements, draught animals, etc. mutual-aid teams and producers’ comperativesh agicultural work. Thus they pass from labour ex- to restore and simple develop agricultural In the production. ‘ first are the to economic peasant category seasonal change co-operation. ohm cutouts only a law months ago now North China is one of find not loin-st in the China‘s Did liberated mutual—aid teams based on the peasants’ old reading room or their Ig'riclll- areas It suffered Mutual-aid teams have not yet basical- hnl producen’ competitive heavy damage the practices of labour exchange“ or the use at war during the years. As a result, ly changed character of-small and agricultural output in draught animals in common. are gen— general 'i They scattered Firth: dropped by 20 to farms, but farm work is to a large cx~ this the socialist character of the 25 ' per cent, and in erally on a small scale and only seasonal. This some areas tent and by as much as 40 collectivised new relations established WV producers’ cc-operatives becomes per cent as com— .is because during the time. with busy spring sowing between the prewar level. members. The use of draught animals. mt. The co—operatives are an pared This created summer cultivation and autumn harvest- advanced serious n gthe fann min (at situation. But in the implements and labour are all paid for mutual aid and a transitional to short space of }..ing, the peasants work at their stage three to five collectively at ”Naive years. production reasonable rates so that neither peasants There are about has been agricultural but when the slack farming. six thou- and raised restored Quin tasks; considerably. with, nor peasants without means of production “all seen ctr-operatives in North Figures for 1952 season sets in and there are odd to China. A1- that total show only jobs grain and cotton are placed at a m‘not in production disadvantage. many number they a the Surpasse done, they do them separately and indi- represent prewar records 11 date “as at by and 91 Mutual—aid teams are therefore to agricultural co-operation full per cent vidually. This kind of temporary and seasonal superior or respectively. End Compared . with a with 1951. mutual-aid team is individual farming in and. '17 promising which output in the total the most elementary of the raising production, future, ms: or Wm become in oil-bearing crops three ioining them, the are able to time the chief form of increased by, types. Although it does not drastically peasants enjoy agri- the better living conditions Wfl production throughout North change special characteristics of individual ‘ China. n 1952 more than 65 head. A production, it contributes towards (5311 per cent of North big increase in 706,000 relieving Agricultural Producers’ (Io-operatives animal I peasants and the products shortages of labour or and peasant households registered. was draught animals, The third type are the agricultural pro- the joined the peasants to the of col- types of mutual—aid and co- Apart from helps acquire habit ducers’ which are _Various . the characterised basic factor of co-operatives units non the lective production in order slime which totalled of the land Comple. to raise their out- by the contribution of land shares and the around two rciorm, which set as of pemnis’ free put. Facts accumulated over ten the peasants in productive the the past centralisation of are an North China forces and management. They such the treats prove this mealf that simple type of mutual advanced form of mutual aid because organisations, working on a re- resulting they “! and . aid is not the basis all-year-round basis. only for further develop— incorporate private land and break down the ,ment of the but also an im- movement, plays individualistic character of work on the small— portant role in Increases Production raising production in the period scale, scattered farms. Scientific techniques of agrlCultural rebabilitationi Compared with and , The are applied on a wider scale, improved f mutual—aid and co-operative move- individual farming it raises labour generally horse-drawn agricultural implements are used. W,‘ has a great efliciency by one-third. transforming influence on and there is division of labour and cultivation Wmal Of production and rural life thersecond are the type regular, year- aCcording to type of land. More detailed and mund first, agricultural mutual aid teams. of sucl production and the pea- N-lure of Membership far—reaching plans are laid down for agricul- Monroe t a '9“? has increased. In - the or- The A form for construc< 1952, mutual—Al of mutual aid. ror when a tural production and also capital peasants instance. pea- in North China “I sant needs it his formed the North China neighbour will worls for him for tion involving irrigation, animal “is. of an n husbandry. extensive and few days. and verso. protracted viw of the etc. prl‘ campaign 4 was A improvement soil, Although to t temporary pooling or draught animals for more vate ownm‘ship of land is still maintained. launched increase production, eneclive employment. For instance, where a ram wanr Chicn i, the crops are collectively harvested and distributed men! implement requires a of oxen to it and Warm Deputy—Di ‘ pair pull there are to the amount of labour and shares Norm two peasant families with an animal according and combat toémf‘u'gluyzlrklh e reigliorgérle)‘:u o natural calamities Communist De‘partXhe Ouch. they pool their animals and plough their of land contributed. A definite amount of the Party or . China. had: in him. agricultural production .» advanced harvest is set aside to form a common fund. gilt. great- ence shows that the better the People’s China Ana-9‘1 11: ion mutual-aid and (xi—operative movement is or- sending groups and literacy classes but also lion. When the their interests the incomes ganised, the greater is they join team, increased peasants’ and ‘ production. and clubs. In ‘ Isfibraries consequence, where must be carefully protected. them to cam- Judging the returns of greater enthusiasm, the by eight counties, rfihEre is a mutual-aid and 3w co-cperative move- tor mutual aid and has the yield per men of the The individual economy of the peasants m co-oporation agricultural co ent, illiteracy is generally speedily eliminated consolidated and operative is and that of normally gives rise to capitalism; that indi» steadily developed. double, . is, the mutual—aid ong one-fifth of the illiterates. team. 50 cent " per more than that of an vidualistic, small—scale production may cause individual ,r Mutual help is a new in the course of ' rmore, peasant household. developing social the rural classes to a organising Many new record harvests disintegrate again. The rich consciousness. Formerly, when in need of the‘ ants, we have come upon the conflict be- have been made peasants can the and by co—operatives and mutual- exploit poor peasants the — peasants appealed to their kinsfoll: "tdilective labour and self-interest a Ild teams. 0! the flair), hired labour by means of and the terms thirteen new national friends but usury now they turn to the mutual-aid molt ot the fact that peasants are small records in of or — pri- North five were hire; they can engage in commercial China, achieved or the 5p by co»operative. Meanwhile, division owners. This conflict was'responsiblc co-opernlives and eight by culation. In order to overcome the difficulties mutual—aid teams. labour in the failure of mutual»aid team or . No! a the co- ' many mutual—aid teams single one was peasants encounter in small—scale and created by an individual farming peasant in early period of their organisation. In household. With the to lead the masses of the peasants to the development of goal this the a ‘ contradiction, it is to co-operntive movement in of bountiful life, it is imperative to follow the important 1952, peasants out and and teams line of sincertfly thoroughly the bought over 70,000 production through organisation as prin- new-type omen are thereby enabled to do pt voluntary ploughs, 130,000 watcr agricultural pointed out by Chairman Mao To participation and mutual wheels, about 80 in the Tse-tungt agricultural 000 same way as men Their status in as pointed out machines. The éwork surmount these it is im- by Comrade Mao Tse- irrigated area difficulties, extremely was , the family and in is aid increased over society enhanced. These , Mutual resolves the by 8 million mou. portant to prosecute the work in accordance contradiction living examples justify Chairman Mao between small 'l‘se—turig’s with the special needs of the There- private-ownership and collec- Assures Rising words: peasants. Living Standards “Once organisation is accepted by the tive labour. The key to fore we not only have to acquaint the peasants bringing about this Secondly. the peasants as a result ll to organisation of habit, not will assign farm work in a mutual aid only production systematically with the of democratic but development pro- increase, the political life of the and properly calculate the peasants duction through and the socialist w amount of work will organisation improve, as will their cultural life. i ,gby each member so that all They future but also to lay stress on teaching them may be bene— will pay more attention to their health. Loafers Li the mutual-aid and Wherever by living examples. Shanda, a model pea- co-operative will be reformed and custom movement transformed.” is one been has sant, of the best examples of those who We conducted well, there the ; Lastly. have combatted two life of the However, the development of the deviations unts has pea— co-opera- have been leading the peasants onto the road hflhe dev steadily improved. tlve movement elopment of mutual aid and Cases of has not been easy nor without of co-opera- and bank. organisation. One was poverty are obstacles. the ruplcy rare. Take We have encountered difficul- film] passive, Right deviation of viii-gen o! the many In order to increase the Chuanli and fies in our agricultural produc- importance of the Shangkou in advance. But we have movement at (or Shansi successfuuy tion and to consolidate the for the Provmce, instance. Since the movement stage for the the land adopted following measures to overcome lament development of pro- more than ien reform mutual aid and it is to and years ago, class difficulties co-operation, essential for and ‘ the uniting two relations in th the hindering work of organisation. rcmoulding the Villages have remained improve farming techniques. But in the work Nook at stable. No peasants. Comrades with usury or of .the fliis exploitation of caseese Obstacles Overcome improving techniques we meet with the re— flak dld not hired labour rely enough on the in has The sistance of a leader- areas where the 0:: first obstacle we ran into was the back» backward and conservative WM the Par in peasants have ty agricultural not wardness and the Ind" production, scattered existence of the small ideology among peasants. When agro— Actually gave are ruined encouragement to the while others peasant economy. The land reform in China nomists, upon their arrival in the countryside. mucous become rich development of a which mt‘lln! small peasant that the pl;:::anr;ls it only “to transform feudal instructed the peasants to soak cotton seeds in . process of and semi- Another was the the iuudal “Left” deviation: disS land into a of warm water, practise artificial for the ownership system system pollination level of politica1 consciousness of peasant land In the economic maize and make regular use of chemical fer- to,“mm and ownership." to or W trying ganise all the conditions of present-day China, the indi- tilisers, some peasants, influenced the tradi— peas by ovornight. Comrades with vidualistic of this small peasant economy will con- tions many centuries, were reluctant to an.“ deviation tinue for a thEir long time to have a positive follow advice; it was only after the more significance; but at the same time it is a advanced peasants, who in most cases are hindrance to After party had the new 1 organisation. land reform, members, adopted farming great deal of the middle trouble. peasants gradually became the ma- techniques and achieved good results that the of ti 1Maw. under jority the rural population, and therefore it conservative peasants gradually began to is of the greatest importance to carry out cor- change their minds. rectly the policy of unity with the middle pea- A very fierce struggle to overcome these sants. That is to the basic say, policy of conservative tendencies has developed between dwe' Voluntariness and mutual benefit has to be ovement is the advanced and backward ideologies among cultural ell missed. Peasants may or leave a team ordnlhem activities are join We are the campaign E _ peasants promoting many exdv of their own free will. We seek to for he attract on a basis agricultural are mutual-aid improving farming techniques planned producers‘ mumwgommu; not 0:- them to the basic to co— only mutual—aid team on the strength learn from rm of and encouraging the peasants to . agricultural lo newspape1- of the excellent results of one North Chi pro- tangibly organisa- another’s Because better farming fit! within EXpei-iences, gt. the next few Peoplz‘a China April 16, 1953 "Koje Unscreenetfi” A complete and d%monted exposure of one of the mo‘cynicnl and cold- blooded conspiracifl against humanity

y Ling Wu-sun lLl‘llED BURCHETT and Alan Winnington, i‘progtamme—undcr which prisoners were lliu well~known Australian and British ‘Vistarved, beaten and tortured to make them re-

cnl'rospnntlvn , have written a powelful indict‘ épouncc their countries mom or llir‘ American treatment of war pri- K Burchc-tt and Winnington make it clear that stine , Drawn from a wealth or mutclia] 3’ ii-orn the horrirying events on Koje and in the other various smut-vs, Knji: Uliserccnvd ’. presents a camps were not isolated happenings but plan- carefully di'liilli'd ziccuunl oi the ovonts in Amer» ned as part of a deliberate scheme to delay and icnli»conlll~llr(l l‘ o.w. in Camps Kivl‘czi. If possible to wreck the armistice talks. AS ’l'i \' ‘ oiiiiims tit-o tit-ii quulll tn underlakr pressure of increased and the ll-is List. the public opinion Tilt“ \\'I.'l'(‘ In Kliit'zl (him I: the events ottensives failed to “inch viii ‘junsuecessful military get irlzitw: not only iii Pnnmtinjom and the Americans demanded at the tilt- lilll points they {wilt (lirlr in tho i'ui.i'. \‘-'i‘L‘l‘(‘ they inter» orders \‘il'u't'd conference table, were given to spend H'ml‘> of Australian correspondent Wilfred prisonerswimiinti apod Bullish“ (in white IN“), tin-author the from up prisoner “screening" so that the “trump or "Koje Rule inrrnr camp; Chi-Jug Unscreened," briefing “on" wrreapandcnts Kéll—Elli‘k and card" of voluntary repatriation could be played. Syncmlm Rhee spies who had worked with the Prisoners were tatpoed with anti-Communist Anterior-n5 and had been 86. pai'acilutetl Compound “This was the first case we were soners. We into North slogans. By the end of orders were armed with rifles, Sten guns, Kort-a and taken October, 1951, able to prisoner, and trace of the of that later and captured United had been given to at type ‘screening’ gas concussion grenades, This did not have Nations soldiers who complete tatooing high had became universal" the authors write. llit'msclves served spEEd. Then when the much etfect on the and we were gumls on as limit was reached owing prisoners order~ Km and taken This is what part in to the resistance of the Private Thomas James Allan *fl to fire at their We fired about killing: This rich prisoners, “operation legs, five fund of of the lst Battalion of the knowledg blood was Royal Canadian Re‘ rounds eaeh.... I would mnnlly sinned. petition" ordered. Prisoners were estimate that there together a with forced to giment, now a P.O.W. in North told the were more)» mm painstaking re. write “petitions" in their own blood Korea, twenty killed and thirty or more wounded. American and British authors about a in . press It . “screening" 66 in is I and the ieiueiani report‘ opposing repatriation. The prisoners

People‘s China April 16. 1953‘ 13 worthwhile recalling Colson’s replies (Colson es of that own choosing. As an illustration, had sUflCGEded Dodd as ”I do authors How commandant): give a Vivid first—hand account of Agriculture Is in China admit that there have been instances Tamil, of‘blood—j e inter—camp Olympic Games held on the slwd where of war have . ..s many prisoners been 1.: of the Yalu River in November, 1952. killed and wounded United by Nations forces. very Policy in these camps," write Burchctl . Li I can assure you that in the luture the Cheng-jui prisoners .d Winnington, “is based on respect for human of war can humane treatment in theputy-Di'rector the expect this ngs and on the belief that the common man of Agricultural Tax camp according to the of Department, Finance principles international : not choose of his own will to go thousands Ministry of l: ., more will be no more forcible screen< ,, miles to fight a people of whom he scarcely ml: or of any warming prisoners of war in this ._eard until he arrived in Kama." nor will peasants of New China select their best ('lln‘ll), any attempt be made at nominal to burdensome land tax, the ~ - Q: reactionary V Koje unscrewed is not only a complete and THEgrain for the payment of the state D dd e . agricul- the _ peasants to pay over seven ocumented of one of the most tural tax, l’fptced 1“,:3"1,7,," 13;: 22:3,: ‘_ exposure cynical They deliver it promptly in a do different .,. kinds of levies. ‘ “WE; The tax “:55:- - 3g; ~ u 71 1nd cold-blooded humaniA”. festive it generals boasting about their Victories over conspiracies against atmosphere Calling their “Patriotic controlled , i the local - ‘. by and - 1711M despots . . Public the unarmed «‘ thistory has recorded, it is a key to under Grain with prisoners. prisoners are Delivery,” songs and to the lawn.rd: were Today, ' sinks of No ac- ‘ corruption. -‘‘1 ' l ht'1 k'lledl ‘ din' the one remamln' issue in the beating of drums and ng and there is no sign that the g g cymbals, their cavalcadcs ' .. investigation was ever made of curi‘te into the H 0 -'- ice talk5 . In writm Burchett carts and l)oli‘,‘ t mmcion and rerr0r g the book, barrows banners and mt has been bearing flags of taxable land. Before to carry the liberation, abandoned. 'nnd Wilmington have done a great service grain and other produce to the gov— mutton in - was - many places still based on land cause fuller ernment By contrast, the authors tell of a in granules and The tax l collecting points. fighters Complete- ,Of compiled in 1877. Many land- 1y (hum-m world which “f °Je issues peasants completed their 1952 tax they found in the we“; yeaseabst’lmfrlafgf payments lords paid no taxes on the ders‘and‘T‘g 3.” with land they owned, Knlvzln-Chlnesc P.O.W. The '3“ it “We" “The mama” 1 peap1e pride and enthusiasm, This year they whilo camps. UN. peace“ many peasants who had P1) the see the already lost W'.. authors observe, are not the “can still splendid results of their past efforts! their land only pro. 'at World," they conclusion, were still to t‘ldt‘d with say in one of the compelled pay taxes adequate food, is the greatest results of their on it. clothing, living quar- "Ensure that the choice peace and industry Some warlords even and went so far as to lore and other facilities but also that thrift and that of the whole of the Chinese encouraged to thousands of Korean and Chinese patriots Meet the land tax many years in advance, engage in various cultural and who steeple—the launching of China's first In athletic acti~ shed their blood on Koje did not do so in vain. five—year 1337, the year when the of War of Resistance plan national construction. Mousse FD Aggression broke out, the warlords The peasants are Szeohuan had happy to pay this tax If already collected the land because tax they see it returned to them increased 1991! It was no U.S. for wonder that millions of Germ Continues a Wadare hundredfold in public works and services in that by M, province known as the “Land Despite all a government of . protests and composed the true C’khundance" were warnings, the ES. Command is germ warfare representa- impoverished and often in HM“- WE continuing tives of the to Print below some of people. All this stands in Vivid sell their children the reported germ bombings in March taken from to pay their statistics contrast to ’ debts. preliminary released by the their resistance to taxation in thC Korean Central Telegraph Agency. Chinese peasants on MARCH 1: us. past, when the ”'99 numberless oc- planes reactionary Kuomintang govern— M in the and drop germ—carrying insects, such as flies and mosquitoes. ment past had risen small creatures in never even at the up against such succeeded, point of the Mae and Weiwon-erp, Weiwon County, Chakans PWVWE and cmmmg'm’ extortionate practices. Anbyon County, Kangwon bayonet, in collecting more than 70 cent The de- Province. per equitable MARCH 2; of its estimated doz- taxation is an ancient Us, tax . one forces spread agricultural revenue, fi a. germ—carrying spiders and rodents on Sanwor-ri, When it established Kumgnng County. its first people’s Owing to the great increase in agricultural MARCH 10: us. planes dro Production since Bach after and D insects and biscuits liberation, peasant other toodstufls in garmmying disease—infected Payment of the 1952 an 50 Ind Hamhung City, tax, has average of Pukchong County. Sindiang County (South Hamkyong ProvinCE), kilogrammes of grain more than in 1951. Out MARCH ll: US of their own forces spread production China’s peasants today County. A germ-taming insects on Sanwor—ri, Kumgahg tour-compartment cover their aside for bomb ca59 daily needs, lay grain cot-urea area and blankflies and fleas are recovered in a snow- further investments, provide their government MARCH )2: U.S, in taxes B~26 with adequate amounts for current use U.S. plane5 fleas on alrcralt files drop Yudong-ni, Tongchon County. and drop and mo raserves as well as for exports to the on pea» MARCH 16: SQUitoes Unchonni, Kosong County. of U5, aircraft dr ple other Asian countries who need grain. Yuerpri. 0P fleas simultaneously with propaganda leaflets at Hoeyang County, v.3. aircralt the Past drop rodents at In 11.5. Tongchon 3-26 . Sinnimnj‘ aircraft dro . County. Chronic ‘ . starvation was the lot of the mass p 4 ”lion- of the flies‘ and Chinese and spiders on a ridge to the north of the 0f DEasants Korean in old China, Each year vast sums Izzsguims were extorted from them in the form of rent. ple's Political con: ll usurimis interest rates and addition 3 taxes. In that the taxa- be China based on the People’s April 16; 1953 l

principle of consideration to the re— ‘INCREASE or cum-r was giving “Fr AGRICULTURAL raised to 5 per cent and the was as ‘ highest ‘ple possible. In 1950, it decided that local habilitation and of & Base development production year: 1949:100 reduced to 30 per mtaxes ‘ cent. Nowadays poor pea. to the regular agricultural tax and the of added requirements national construction Product 1550 1951 1952 sants in general are taxed from 5 to 10 per cent should not exceed 20 per cent of the and that the Grain regular system of taxation shall be sim< 117 129 157 and middle about 15 peasants per cent. A few tax. (There was no limit to surtaxes in old and an {3 Cotton 160 234 287 plified equitable distribution of burden rich are assessed peasants at the highest rate China, and these often exceeded the be regular effected. This serves as the general basis of ‘Yl‘u In this period the irrigated area ‘0: the of 30 cent. per China’s agricultural tax policy tax many times over.) New China's taxation increased policy. iiwhole country by 3,270,000 hectares. thus accords with the general line of develop- These are course In 1952, all surtaxes were 3 achievements of mainly ment of China’s agriculture. It places the abolished. Since New China‘s tax agricultural encourages to the in the owner- then, only a single agricultural tax has “lime change system of land proper restrictions on the development of been production. According to the Tax “ levied on Regulations, 'p and to the extensive campaign for rural capitalism and to lead the agricultural production. To finance who helps peasants anyone reclaims virgin land is exempted local -operative forms of farming, but the fact steadily in the direction of co-operative farm— non-profit-making undertakings such as from paying taxes on such land for three and to einains that the new agricultural tax lng. cultural recreational activities or the re- five policy years, while anyone who reclaims land fiit' of as played a definite role in encouraging pro- bridges, roads, etc, the local authori- which has fallen out of cultivation Provision has been made ties are still enjoys from ;duction and achieving these remarkable for taxes to be authorised, subject to approval of one to three years‘ remission of reduced or a taxes with in completely waived in the case of higher authority, to collect funds from the ’dvances’ agriculture. to respect it. This the peasants who are local encourages peasants to rlfhe agricultural tax is collected in New suflering under particular populace, provided that this contribu- enlarge the area they cultivate. t difi‘lculties due to lack of tion is hurls on a reasonable and equitable basis. In labour power (for voluntary and amounts to less than 7 WldOWS The Tax first of of Re- example, with children and no adult per cent of the tax. Regulations also stipulate that in year existence the People’s agricultural or natural cases where arid land is turned into ‘blic, in the newly liberated areas,* the old bread-winner) calamities. Lower irrigated rates of land as a result tax levied taxation from 10 to 30 Payment in Kind of the peasants' own according to the amount of land ranging per efforts, cent the land in was below the rates are question continues to be ed abrogated and replaced by a pro- ordinary paid by those The classed as ’ agricultural tax is mainly paid in arid land national minorities Who are still for purposes of taxation esu‘vertax based on the income economically more for a period ' agricultural ldnd: than 80 per cent is paid in the of three to backward and have not recovered five years. This is to ‘ormal annual yield) gained each farm yet from the form of food encourage by crops; another 10 per cent in the extension of usehold. ravages of reactionary rule in the Spine irrigation. The lowest rate of this tax was 3 past. and other national cotton, peanuts, industrial crops by cent and the 42 cent. The minorities have been farm per highest per completely peasants who grow industrial Subsidiary occupations such from crops} Peasants as lower rates were to and middle exempted taxation for a certain period. livestock are also applied poor living in the suburbs of cities or raising encouraged and big near com- at While the rich and the present time are Tg'pcasants, peasants, especially upication centres, if exempted from taxation. Only One Agricultural Tax however, may, they wish, lithe landlords in places where land reform had my in money. Such payments account for less The Tax been carried The Regulations also make clear this: yet hut, were subject to the Central People’s Government has also 10 cent of the that than per total amount of revenue by agricultural income is rates of made the tax meant the normal higher taxation. agricultural regulations as sim— the agricultural tax. annual yield at the land. That from is to say, the Readjustments in Rates agricultural tax is assessed according to the normal yield of the Under the Land Reform Law (pro- land in a specific '3’ No localitv. in tax is levied on réulgated June, 1950) the land of the land- any portion of the yield in excess of the normal was confiscated and distributed to pea- yield which results 'M from who good work and proper sants had previously owned very little or management. On the other hand. if the _- he at all. The rich who Crop falls short of the peasants, however, yield as a normal own result a! slack efforts finally about twice the amount of land in ' the tax is not reduced. farming ed by the have retained The peasant is average peasant, couraged to raise his thus'en. eir property. This average yield changed situation called area. per unit (In cases of natural 214'):- readjustments in the progressive rate of disasters. of course possible .Exation. After the reforms the lowest rate over,- assistance is given the including loans, relief peasant, H): supplies, etc- and ' i: in necessary, remission of taxes.) ”in: the people's revolutionary bases, mainly mun-rm, Northwest and Northeast China containing total. or 120 million the land Big Increases in a population people, Output was carried out. establishment . Mom before the , >0! he People‘s Republic or China. The land was dis- u-lbutsd roughly equally (according to the number at people in each household) in accordance _wllh we «amt: needs or the the revolution In one or . fir-film war.situation‘hthen 5:31“: ot is still in force. The ’ propomonatiryhx prone-lire tax will. however. be introduced in s‘ m Inn in the our Mire. byxa am-mmmuw People’s Chin- April 16, 1958 {if Friendship Betweer Payment in kind enables the peasants to With the help of the government, during as land bring in part of whatever they produce tax the reform the peasants received 46 The Chinese ant and suvc‘s them the trouble of Selling their crops million hectares of land. They no longer had to bt-luluhnnd. it also guarantees that the gov« pay an annual levy of land rent to landlords ernnicnt will have large amounts of foodstulrs amounting to 30 million tons of grain They Japanese Peoples and some industrial raw materials at its dis- also received and have since then received

p0 This ensures public control over an large amounts yearly in farm credits and Arrangements concluded between the as n-ou supply of foodstuffs and is an impor— numerous improved farm implements. Their Chinese Red Cross Society and the Iunl fitCltll‘ in the stabili tion of food prices. income has greatly increased, Great public Japanese Ecol Cross Society, the Jap- That the twelve-year inflation of works, roads, railways, water conservancy pro- commodity anese Peace Liaison Committee and was halted prices within half a year after the jects have been undertaken for their benefit, the Japan—China Friendship Associa— inauguration of the Central People's Govern— and their welfare improves day by day. tion have helped the first group of mom was ill Considerable measure attributable Japanese nationals desiring to return to tht- policy or payment of the Since the agricultural tax is assessed ac- to agricultural Japan, totalling 4,936 persons. to tux m kind. it ‘tum which is well cording to the normal and not to the actual leave adapted to China for home between March the prf'M'lit needs or of the the tax burden is the country. yield land, peasant’s 20-22, 1953 a constant, and since his actual income rises Peasants \‘Vell Satisfied every year due to increased production, he pays a declining portion of his income in taxes every ’l'hv |)t-ll.\:tnl.~‘ or osfod actunlly themselves year. Chief delegate of the Chinese (or lnxnllnn purpnsi‘s. Red Cross Society, Llao Cheng- At the the chlh lfiist lrom In lie same time, while in 1950 agri- rightl talking course of the [and with the leader or the reform, they cultural tax constituted the second item Japanese lin-msclvcs made largest ussessmL-nt or all arable delegation. Tadatsugn Shimazu. lands in national revenue taxes the and They graded thcsc lands (urban being deputydeadcrs Tomi Kora according to in 1953 in absolute and Yoshituo Hn-ano to and dulclmincd the quality first), though slightly greater night average annual yield lettl I'at'll of figures than in 1952, it will, due to the rapid plul. Land which the landlord»' had third ’ increase of industrial production, drop to Inrmorly cnnct'nll-il h)- not rt" tho 10.99 cent of na- nultlnrillcs so as ‘ place (constituting only per to _. in tin r In the burden on the :il'nsanls ms tional revenue), after urban taxes, and registered. and fields into which thv peasant..- had profits of state operated enterprises paid turmoi'ly tilled but nol du'ulucli in ll'ld the treasury, the grasping tho tarbgathcrei’s 0f n-aclmnary regime, were inc reported The New are People's Government peasants of China, however, by the pc to not satisfied have made lhcmsrlvcs In the aSanls with the gains they old days, some were lan thus far. have Director Hsu Jui-shu (-xl'leEd from Their social perspectives taxation while and stafi members of widened. see the path followed by tho although they had sold They the No, 8 of their land ' Hosoital hcld wem The!‘ msponsiblc for sun collective farms of the Soviet Union. the Il/linistry of Health, Such paying the '1 a).v absurd practices on want to progress steadily towards co—operative, Poking. \l’lshlnz Karlie have Kinoshita. former I result. and after that, collective farming, They Want nurse during the past of the hospital. a good the Amount of taxable I gradually to mechanise their farming 1n journey home coming five years the peasants will further develop agricultural production, accumulatlng the capital needed for the further building of China‘s industries, and especially heavy indus- _try, according to the plan of capital, large-scale ‘mnstruction leading to the industrialisation of ‘ the country and the development of a POW?“ ful agricultural machintsbuilding inclusiv-

The peasants’ unstinting and enthusiastic Lighter Taxes contributions through the agricultural tax The Demon hfwfl t“ been one of the chief factors in “lhler burden is preserving am "u, pace for China and up their coun- becoming speeding Todao Kudo tright). on tI'Y’s advance to industrialisation. behoil’ of the Japanese Red Cross Society. pre- CW“ sents a gift to Pang g‘Peaple’! Ttn-Inina VinnJ‘hniu. HOW » ,_ CHINA _ PROTECTS THE . PEOPLE’S HFALTH “V

In 1952 a health movement on a seal ’umknown in human history was started in China. m, cities of flies and and mosquitoes , made it one of the »' sanitation»consciuus countries in the World. With the Comm n is now being intensified

.\ “hum-A ,-nH- mth-mic \nlnmvor column .‘ ready .u-lmu m .m n int-ind by US * planes a'm’mv , ‘

, , w“ “' Modern 1105‘ Hale such as ' this one £01 "ienlsin tex- tile workew provide free medical sen «c to workers ’ ' m’ my?!“ finanzwvg nu“ ‘ ”at x« a , 5.. «a», .

In 1 factory chnie 0t Hn Northeast regular ' hvmlh check-ups and ma - radiology aim to mrestall disease prawn]: mu‘rhrlrlr nn (m u-»« US nu by v ms mrum-d

and >4”: .\ Inn Ax-urr than cure' mmpmgn is . Pr ps n: n Sutuith omimns hau' .1.“ d Modern Ln; nunds nu mosquito- preventive medicine has been brought to 3] aruimd (‘hmas the bu; (‘ilms many nationalities of China, Government medica personnel giving anti-epidemic injections to Uighurs a Smkiang Province

\Vei Ai-ying. a mo- del sanitation work or o! Hotse County. Province Shantung ‘

gave anti-epidemic _ injections to 1,230 villagers in 14 days. She was one at thousands mined The People’s Park, Shanghai Anshan Arises Anew The old Shanghai race course. 35 hectares in extent, once an axe China’s Steel City is being rebuilt and equipped with elusive preserve or imperialist the most modern automatic installations to produce iron and gamblers, has now been turned steel for her first five-year plum. into a splendid people's park and square for the use of the people Hsu Chill

the People’s Liberation Army at last :Anshan was a typical colonial enterprise. WHENfreed Anshan in the Winter of 1948, this It did not work for the people’s needs, but for heart of the industrial Northeast of China tba'beople’s destruction The Japanese capitalists was a desert of debris. Weeds grew and’rbflltan'sts used its production only for their in the of the steel breast-high yards plants Wat aimsr Anshan’s iron and steel pro- The blast and rusted furnaces, crippled m the sinews of war for the Japanese in fantastic streaks of red and yellow-brawn, artifice invading China. By 194l, Anshan steel stood like a giant fungoid growths on Wu being turned against the British and wasteland. The roofs of most of the work- American people and all the other peoples in all ' shops, valuable equipment and even the M8 and the Pacific area. door—knobs had been removed and sold by Aushan Kuomintang speculators Nothing worked. was built to wring the maximum profits Only the dead “might of the heavier machines out of cheap, expendable labour. The ore had saved them from being carried off whole- dressing mill was like a ring in Dante’s Hell. sale by these plunderers and their American Many workers fell victims to the grey ore— masters. u'mhing machines on The workers were lean with hunger. which all safety pre— mllfipns were missing. The coke ovens, blast Yet to their the finances and just previous seizure by open hearth furnaces devoured not these works had been the @111! raw materials Kuomintang, among but also the workers. Not a “um. biggest industrial the worker in the enterprises operated ~ small Tasting the delights 01 the terns-wheel in by bar mill had escaped Japanese out millions of tons minty tram the the children's corner militarists, turning red-bot metal, which, under of and steel. metal—iron umditions, was the enemy of man instead malleable servant of his will and inter— Under the Japanese Colonialists at»

In 1919, the Japanese built the first “. Liberation and Reconstruction metallurgical plant here to exploit the iron de- the victory of the of the With revolution, the posits area From 1937 to 1944, they Works passed wholly'into the till it be— hands of rapidly expanded Anshan’s capacity aim and the work of restoration came the chief centre of the steel industry in and l'ma on was fall:’ begun. Some en “Manchukuo,” the puppet state established by ineers , _ estimated that it would take from the in fiffeen to Japanese China’s Northeast. M years to restore the factories and gull at mine Anshan. Yet Within three years, the , _ of New China had Hsu Chih is a poet now working at the great put Anshan The back on . en: 1mm mel works. He is one or writers and which many conditions used to make work anti-u who, under arrangements made by the All- nightmare have been ended, once rgnna Federation of Writers and Artists, have gene mmu various great construction projects in order to 93' of first~hand knowledge at the new Chlnn 0! large— fie‘workers Anshan are famed all over file economic construction This is the out of . for their revolutionary spirit. sme'ral articles which he will write for people: , movement ‘ Phi: for mun—‘33. liberation has had whats tram Anshan. Now they showed MI 16, 1953 their mettle in the hard struggle for industrial . In honour of the 35th anniversary of the 01f her southern coast. The new rehabilitation, fireat October Socialist Revolution, the work- blast furnace will produce enough SOmc engineers advised that, before start» ers of LheNo. 5Martin furnace establishedanew iron each day to make 60,000 plough- (in of ing repairs the cnke ovens, the plans record on November Blast year by completing shares, It will be operated by a should be sent {or the approval of the Otto clone smelting nf steel in 8 hours and 19 minutes. foreman sitting in the control room, in Company Germany, which had made the During the rest at the was month, which reading the recording meters, watching original designs. llut the workers went ahead arked as a month special of Sine-Saviet the and the Various ' signals and working completed ihoii- rcpaii-s a successfully, making friendship, his production campaign was electric switches. Raw materials will be in addition improvements on several other coke in the course of which launched, the workers automatically transported to the furnace ovens, of the No. 4 Martin furnace cut this time by two and hoisted into place. The testing rod There was nothing conceited in those them: and ten minutes, simultaneouslyincreasing will gauge whether the furnace has been actions Decisions were made in run cnnscinus— ,; 9 amount of steel per square metre of hearth fed sufiiciently and transmit‘ the in- 11058 of tho dimculties to be overcome. The min 7-05 to “-08 tuns‘ This new record $63 formation to the foreman the hci-o through workers arc led by the Communist the Party licensiderably surpassed eflim'ency of similar recording meter. of China. the Party which has been leading the open hearth furnaces in capitalist countries and The ‘ two mills and the blast furnace people at China from victory to victory by Will be fully automatic. The workers relying on the pron-ass at the working class, on in the its mills will direct operations mere— collectivc .dum and its rcorloss selfnre- In 1949, the of the Anshan Iron and linnct- output ly by supervising the machinery, lll oi-c tuning dilhcultlcs. There was Steel Company was only 10 per cent of the checking the and also the svlfil‘ss ihc signals pressing help b.»- Sovio: specialists est level of production the past. By 1952. electric switches on the control-boards, nrmcd with the experience of socialist conslx'uc— Qutput rose to 80 per cent, while in 1953 it will lion in the USSR. These builders of a new world are considerably surpass all previous figures. But With self-confident; they are buoyed by rehabilitation ended. the drive old records is for Mambeating no longer regarded optimism; they have the élan and new production records started anything out of the The workers of The WM Ichonl it the Austin iron and Com- "as ordinary. vitality of creators. They are the Steel

FBII’ . Ilflled Anshan have new workers in varioul prflfesion! gone further—a heroes in a wonderful new story. They tor capital construction. A teacher in- Anshan is rising that is a model of are engrossed in the most arduous work, mi“n. a young excavator-operator for the whole of the technical emciency but they are the happiest of men. The with the latest of me- original Anshan steel works was an country, types The two mills and the blast furnace are chanised and automatic enterprise with out-otvdate production pro- three of the great projects scheduled for com- equip- meat. cesses into use. was and it was brought pletion in 1953. Chinese workers had never Productivity low, gear- needs of the before seen such machinery and equipment as #‘Q ”he Japanese imperialists, Big New Plants to China‘s arrived from the Soviet Union. Nor had they _ \only plunder wealth—more mm was produced than steel and more The workers‘ enthusiasm is flrEd imagined what high precision was required for Pl! than steel by thoughts of the splendid future be- installing automatic machinery. 53$]. products. fore Malian was transformed the liberation them. They are building a gigantic One would need an enormous canvas to by new steel works Whose suit rolling mill and a seamless tube portray fully the grand scale oi the construc- products mill gépeoplc’sads of the Chinese Anshan and reconstructing the No. 8 blast tion site, and the high spirits and enthusiasm people. is I: a modern socialist steel furnace. When the rolling mill is COm‘ of the people there. The vastness of it all and city equip- its wilh the most advanced With pleted, planned annual output of steel the huge machines tower over and technique. men; ate will be mechanised and automatic products suflicicnt to build four- yet man dominates the whole panorama in installa— teen modem bf the latest labour steel plants as large as all his power and magnificencel The various PTO- design, productivity the “She raised four and a half to Anshan works. [is annual output will jects are going ahead at record speed. ThC five times, be production will enough to build six tractor factories blast furnace project has been completed, a increase sixfold. It able to each with wood‘ _‘be‘ turn out of a yearly production of 40.000 greater part at the work on the seamless tube any type steel dc— amount of ores tractors. The value of its annual out- mill has been completed and the rolling mill mrhe mined will corra- the for put will exceed a fifth of the yearly is also more than half finished. Jo capacity turning out: pig iron; fin! be produced in production of the more than 32 million quantities the mp3- lhe tanner: of A Socialist Industrial Giant processing Northeast China. If the t shops canhandle. Mi- a hundred seamless steel tubes to be produced big projects are outlined Yet this is only the beginning at the st“? were to be linked together, they would of the new Anshan. The preliminary plans 101' well i Extend from in the ex- advanced or command on Heilungkiang the Company, drawn up with the aid. of SOViet the will be treme not-Lb of China to Hellman Island rest got under way ads run ‘ experts, into 129 heavy volumes. . *Wthenmfwym nil. China People’s 1 a, 1953 April IS Once a Soviet specialist remarked humour— passages. Green and red signal lights flickered or ously the old type of open hearth furnaces: an and off. Somehow or other, I was remind- can used for From Gamblers’ Resort “They be both making steel and ,éd of a garden. Because I commented on the to keep us warm!" With the reconstruction, cleanliness and brightness of this workshop all the hcarth stecl op) furnaces will be large, ,witl'i some amazement, I was told that others amt-lent To 5 Park hwhly and automatic. The extremely 'm'll more handsome are being built. But People” (lul-ol—dale blast furnaces designed by the that is as it should be, of course, in the world German engineers [or the Japanese will in a of socialist technology. Li Yu-wen low ycnrs' time be completely replaced by The workers talked about the tremen- automatic blast furnaces of immense dous of the capacity. changes already brought about, the heart of Shanghai is the People's Park The property was finally returned to the The glory of work in the new Anshan and whole process 1mm of the today IN —a mining ores centre of culture and recreation for Chinese people when it was taken over by the of the of their work up to the making of the steel vastly improved conditions the six products will be million people of China’s biggest city. Shanghai authorities on August 27, 1951: The completely mochanised. .and life, of the central heating, gas, electricity Its facilities include a public park, a museum. Work of turning this infamous gambling site and running water that they now enjoy in their a concourse for a One of the finest I grand demonstrations and into a people‘s park began workshops have ever One of them exclaimed: “Now there immediately. seen is ‘homes Hall of the extension to an old Sine-Soviet Friendship factory in happiness, warmth and light in our life. Anshnn. While one side of the The people hailed the end of this building is still ,[ginThere‘s no comparison with the Another dark and past!” All this has arisen the last dreary, a reminder of the during eighteen halal-ions relic of imperialist rule and its con— past. every— 'prompily added: “The future will be even in months. Before the liberation this ex— thing the new workshop is great thion into a people’s playground. Happily, dazzlingly better! There’ll be no with now. bright. comparison panse of was closed the White glazed tilcs form the ground to people. tiltshanghai citizenry and especially the floor; the allow we’ll work! We’ll out our best youth walls are put very Seized the British in shiny and clean. The by interventionist troops their spare time to the neces— machines purr .20 build that future!" dimmed building serenely; the 1861 and cleared of the Chinese coiling pipes are forcibly facilities. Now they are what painted red A basic has been made slg enjoying green. blue change already habitation: which on and yellow. We walked then stood it, it served they have built. along the here, but the transformation is cniwnlk clearly only for more than course for between the big installations eighty years as a race and started At see the of a up and down the Anshan, people light the imperialists‘ die winding staircases profit. .yiTo west of the square is a five-storey Fine new day There we can already feel the warm (’l‘romlllm-pflllsht‘d lamps lighted ewes. Today it houses the Shanghai Museum up the Wrath of tomorrow in our faces. For almost a half these century parasite: and Public Library. The Museum is rich in did not allow to set foot in the anyone place historical objects showing the WEalth 0f the excEpt themselves. They put a sign on the cultural Dailies heritage. The Library con- gate: “Chinese and Dogs Not Admitted." In some tm‘ three quarters of a million Works, 1909, however, financial considerations led and contemporary. To meet the them classical to open it on race days only to Chinese of YVES working people who have com- FARGE who 393% just could be induced to bet on the horses. fillied their The Chinese literacy courses, it has a people learnt How much large with deep grief that Yves member of the money was sucked Executive Bureau of the Farge, World out of the in Ponce Peace cuma'l and President of the French National people this way Committee, passed a way on may be seen from the fact that cause a! world March‘so, 1953‘ An eminent champion in the peace. MonSim" Far the tax alone gewasnnern12 d i th s 0r racing comprised andllbert , eghtf the inde endence y D{ “an“ and p friend one of the chief revenue items or all peace-loving people in the world. His use of of the imperialist-run deten peace and democracy in the world won Shanghai ne International Settlement. At awarded a Stalin Peace Prize in 1952. last year. Fargo visited ordinary times this one big germ China and warfare waged Northeast Korea Where he investigated the green again5‘ ”‘9 space in the city limits After he and Korean the us. mem. had Chinese people by Govern- was comp!Eted his available to “members crime On his w0“" he immediately voiced his protest against return to Fr only”——whjcb did not include :hungL ’ Rulhlmly ex ante, he widely publicised the results of his find— mL POSIDE the A Chinese mericau he ignored all threats of imprison-

. The gone,i people of Shanghai 0! Yves 0f the u has described the death never ceased Forge “an il'nm Chin‘QPeace Committee, demanding that Kuo oss Mo-jo to of the race wrote. “that tthflause peace.” “I am deeply confident." course be taken over continue “23:52]”"915 0f for will, to the whole world who love peace and justice Public use. But the Kun- stmggle an 3 b °‘ ' l“sis or for the last-in: world growing solidarity and fraternity, mimang regime, being in peace ‘0 which Forge dedicated his whole life." league with the imperialists, did not dare even to raise the question. ’I

China People’s April 16. 1953 supply of illustrated books written in simple The Hall of Friendship, ‘ Shoo-Soviet housed language but rich in educational content on ‘1‘, .1 a palatial building with large red pillars, Good-bye, Friends! a Japanese dudes movie theatre and a many subjects. , picture gallery. the working people of Shanghai can see To the east of the Park is a concert hall, ‘ hat/life is like socialist and learn in a country How a at an open-air stage and a swimming pool. Group Japanese Resi- om Soviet experience how to industrialise dents Left for Their Homeland The new public park, which is eighteen Wheir country and advance their asmulture. hectares in extent, is encircled by a creek and ere too they can learn how the Sovxet people hcuutillcd by artificial hills, ponds and bridges rare working for world peace Our of Chinese Correspondent design. Among its attractions is a in: Go big occasions like National Day and long. winding, covered walk built of the y Day the Shanghai people, marching a .v‘ HE Kuo Min Hotel one of lamoiis "Plum Garden" was stone from Ningpo in . red file through fire con- abreast, grand Tientsin‘s three hotels Chekiang Province. children's largest Spacious play. , of the Park. They demomtrate their reserved for re- Kmunds are with specially Japanese equipped wings. merry-go~ y in the freedom and peace they have won, sidents for ""mds- ”ml and oiher leaving China Japan Pits things which all the building of a new country where all that kiddies int-e. following the recent agreement “ m we paupla 1‘1!- arrived at in Peking between the i“ Chinese Red Cross Society and three Japanese public organisa- tions. Everything was to . ready ‘hi accommodate the first group of New Trade travellers at the port of embarka- .égreements tion—from the A specially prepared Protocol on trade for 1953 betwefi'Chlna and the Soviet Union, a pro- clubroom down “ml ‘0 ”‘0 to the last 40 Agrc‘ement on Credits to of China of thePeople’s Republic February pounds of miso-shi‘ru (a soup made 1950. and an flgrccmcnt " 1.4-, concerning assistance to be rendered by the Soviet of bean which is l "m" ‘0 China in ”1“ paste a great C‘Xl-‘zineion and co cfion of power stations were signed favourite the recently in Moscow- 3'” among Japanese), that ’l‘ientsin could ofieri Those protocols In ’l‘ienlsln’l Harbour. cannon; Japanese notional: envisage further at trade between the oprnent China and the first bus the to their Cm mean. on name Soviet Union. In 1953 Soon, flying wave_tonQ-bye the Soviet deliver to China for the Unig'will' equipment flag of the Red Cross of metallurgical. mining, Society engineering, 'cai, power and other industries, sup- China drew into the {or ' of the plies indusiry and we courtyard an mgineer, told me of an instance which show- modern 'cultural ' seed and nsport. machines, pedigree cattle, hotel and pulled near where We were other goods. Chm“ up !d the complete absence of 7will on the part Will del'ver the Soviet Union non-ferrous to metals, with its horns as if the waiting blaring, driver 99th:; Chinese towards individual Japanese, de- tobacco, tea, fruit, wool, jute, raw was determined to make us notice he had iflte the terrible sufiering that militarist Japan arrived. He was not one the only to be in a had caused China during the past decades. On A. I. Minister for holiday mood. The passengers that tumbled by Mjkoyan, out the street in 'I‘ientsin one day, Wakasa was on of his car had the air behalf of the Soviet Union, and of excitemEnt that all stopped by a man who had noticed his arm-band travellers have: men hurried after their luggage With the inscription “Japanese National having and Minister for Trade (some had as much as a carload of mothers I Foreign it); in; Homeland.” were with their «shun, Vice-Chairman of the Com- busy children. ”M "So you are going back" the stranger asked But soon everything was in order. The Viki: a smile. “Well, good luck to you! I hope was stored and the luggage away travellers You will visit us again in the future. We peo- t MEement for 1953 was signed in settled down in the hotel until, a few days hence, on of China and Japan respect each other, and which would board the first for > an increase of 51.7 they home. envisages ship should help each other." two countries as compared with 1952, In this group there were railwayrnen, . has a , telecommunications and ,Wakasa tour-month—old ~ equipment daughter. nurses, engineers and clerks. Some wore kimo— While in Tientsin she had a bout at pneumonia; nos, some Western—style clothes and some the The medical unit specially sat up for the homes blue uniforms of Chinese government employees. going Japanese by the Red Cross All were excited over Society.“ the prospect of going rushed Timt'fln her to hospital where she was home after so many years’ residence in China. gim priority Eastman by 'l‘ientsin‘s forearm were Thane They particularly touched by the re- medalist. were only two of‘many acts ception that Tientsin gave them. Sueo Wakasa, of hospitality shown the returning Japanmshy

People: China April. 1 6. 1953. the people at Tientsin. Restaurants, barbershop: Many others had Said but the left, Fujii, (3,207 tons) and the Hakusan Maru (4,351 and both houses them dis—~ voluntarily gave U.S.-launched invasion of Korea had caused a tons), specially sent from Japan. In a short counts of 5—20 cent. per shortage in ships that na- prevented Japanese while, these ships would take our Japanese 1n a railway engineer, was Tuyok Fujii, tionals from home. friends on going their homeward journey. As we for the made the full of prulsv arrangements by o t s were saying good-bye, all of us were filled with ChinL'N' lit-d which had all the Cross, provided 011 March we 22, boarded special coaches the conviction that the people of China and [not], lodging and travelling expenses from on the train for Hsinkang Harbour, and in two Japan have always been and will remain home to shipboard. hours we drew up alongside the Hakuryu Maru friends. "What about your furniture and other pro» pony?" I asked him,

“Oh, the Chinese authorities allowed us to L

as much as we , bring baggage liked, but the Talks on the Return Nationals ships sent from Japan could not take all our of Japanese belongings. so we sold our furniture and other surplus things." Arrangements for the return of Japanese until about July this year. However, if anor nationals to Fujii said, however, that Chinese public Japan were finalised in Peking on that time other Japanese nationals in China and March 5 this orglnlsations representatives of the Japan— year. The talks, which began on wooed" to return to Japan, facilities would bf‘ ese had met to evaluate the furniture and other February 15, were conducted by a delegation Biron them to do so. property of the families in of the Red seventy his group, Cross Society of China led by Liao In his speech at the opening of the negotia- and all had been sold to Chang-chili and a everyone‘s satisfaction. delegation of the Japanese tions, Lino Cheng—chih stated that Japanese rc» The proceeds from this sale could be Red Cross remitted to Society, the Liaison Committee of the Sidents in China had received the full prolecuon Japan, as there were no Japanese Peace currency restrictions Committee, and the Japan- of the People's Government; their incomes had imposed. China Friendship Association, led by Tadatsugu ilk-teased in keeping with the general improve— Jana-nu: children outside their own school in Katsuichiro Susumu, a signalman Shimazu. ment communicated {rcc— of the Dalton, Northeast Chin: of Life in China. They Shihchiachuang railway In an interview with the were free to make station, showed me a Hsinhua News 1y with their homeland, and Shlnlhni-madc “Liberation" 19 Young nurse Hasuko Matsuo, when hospita- Agency on December 1 last an families there. fountain plan ‘ year, official remittances to Japan for their which his Chinese had ed for over a year, had received medical of the Central colleagues given him as People’s Government stated that He estimated that there Were many Japanese

I ' {an-well gift. He fondl reatment free and continued to receive 30 there were spoke 3/ of h'is Chinese per about 30,000 Japanese residents in nationals who wished to return to Japan and friends. bent of her Takako China Chlna. regular salary. Ohata, and that the Government would aid also others who wished to remain in One with the of the those the incident moved me library People’s who wished to return home to This returned to Japan very much" he Formerly Japan Many had, in fact, alter laid. “Our had birth to twins in 1951. offer did of China, and neighbours us University, given naturally not refer to the war criminals Republic helped wash, our fawning or the People's clolhu and leave was therefore the bedding when we maternity extended including those who had the the obstruction by were gemn fler joined Chiang Kai» i“: had not been for may tor |he horn fifty-six to seventy»five In addition. shek and Yen and the journey. They Cooked a days. Hsi-shan brigand armies after VS and their farewell specigl imperialists ”blockade" dinner {or us University authorities gave her a monthly the capitulation of had wished to do They even the militarist Japan. All Japan- Ymhida government, all who liver-l collecta ese hundred thousand yuan wbsidy equal to one and a half times her those to me P.0.W‘s, except still retained the 5° Would have ago departed. help u by long . in our I'd have to (is?’ ' llIr. mi: some nionthly salary on account of her being a mother Chiang and Yen it was sald time before 1 brigsnds, made clear, “The success of the talks,’ [at a in can job my own at several other children. had been the Japancsc- country." repatriated before the founding of the Taintsugu Shimazu, leader of "What was ' {act your Kala '1" I PeOPIE's Republic of China in 1949. of “de him- a n n dEkgefiOn, “Was a demonstration the “in am: a: my The a Chirzse Japanese delegation formed of the re- can be surmounted given lame grade as This was not the first time since the Japan- thatfifty difficulty mysell, that m of true humanitar— Bans, more the three aboveamentioned or- basin and than Be were presentatives of peace, friendship 700,000 yum a month," he surrender that Japanese nationals for replied. arrived in Peking on 31 his heartfelt thanks for liberation ganisations January ianhm" He expressed leaving their homes. Since the this Red Cross year to discuss shipping arrangements and the rendered by the of China in had returned. told sincere assistance 1945, many Fujii other specific problems in connection with the Smithy of China. me about the case of Yoshiro Higashi, who had return of the nationals to 1' of the Chinese Japanese Japan. The leade . worked with him in the same- department. Lian Cheng—chih, were conducted to the satisfaction of both that have talks expressed hopes Higashi was a railway engineer and would Sides. delegation, ~the returxgg Tientsin, Chinhuangtao and Shanghai hmese would live as happy is when willingly stayed on to help in the restoration of were lrfe designated as of H: ports embarkation. The Red 80* as they had China's railways, but his wife and children were back to Japan l_ed_m Chinalains. Gross Society of China offered to meet all travel- not be “discriminated in So he to be reunited with his hop“ they would Japan. wanted ling Governmenup‘ be— EXpP-nses, board and lodging of the or the Japanese he was able to remit money returning persecuted by family, ‘ although ‘ in China." ' from the time of and warked assembly up to the lived . Japanese muse of h vln — be: to them The railway admi stration helped him tune of nationals ‘zln l embarkation. Shipping was tn he m... can innn nf Japanese re. “ping” is flxe same as in ho ping (peace), It is a symbol of the i hope that the whole family will have peace in the coming year. In the old days, as soon as a bride stepped down from her The Fruits of hina sedan-chair, she was given two apples. The marriage bed is de— corated with sprigs of plump lichees, round longan, pome- granates with their many seeds, and dates (in Chinese the Word Kao Shih-shan for “dates” is true, pronounced the same as the word for “early"). These are symbols HlNA is a land of of to the fruits. Tropical fruits— taste. “They are the world’s best” as a blessings young couple fiwishes for a pineapples. bananas, coconuts, lichces and t fruit expert put it. peaceful, happy their and smaller. sweeter the fertile union, a version, longan Not did China its own fine producing L only develop «gmw in the south. Apples, pears, round and plump baby at an grapes, t trees; many excellent varieties have been persimmon: peaches, plums, early date. At birthday " apricots and 'fihpcrted from abroad. Some varieties of apples parties, Chinese dates grow in the north peaches are considered to be North or were to south. brought China about seventy years strawberries and other berries the most suitable gift. The old grow in ago, and now they are planted over half of pmtusion. While temperatures in customs are still the North— north of the River. These popular, though today they cnsl are flldna, Yangtze dropping below 40 degrees have new meaning—the wishes Centigrade have not only retained their original they represent the orchard: oi is’ppies have Kwangiung Province are never been more alive in the hearts of and gram; but have also been improved in one fruits are ripening. Favourable ti‘fi'ualities the people, natural or another. in now be- conditions and the ,-‘JVay Apples fact have industrious labour of “liberation reversed this of decline skilled one process lruit-cmwors have }séome of China’s major fruit products, produced over a ‘ me land thousand Destruction and Wins’4 fruit-growing. Through vnriotics nl fruit (ms in Rehabilitation China. ”‘- Fruits are grown not only ”in the farmers tEnant growers and landless labour- lhl- Thmughout 1am sonsnnx o! the year, ck yard” as a side occupation but on a large There was efllieceived the China's fruit a decline in China‘s truit produC- orchards which they had markets have a rich supply. In anode. Orange or apple orchards often cover areas tion in the MW cultivated for others. in Pcking or years immediately libera— But their Shnnchm you can eat preceding China-grown not thousands to tens of thousands of hectares. tion of the lacked the tnnecrlnes, oranges, country. Fruit orchards need large Mutton, they capital and means watts-melons, pomelns and ‘Grapes are grown in Sinkiang, China’s western— capital {WWW rehabilitation. The grannies. investment and careful management, but People’s Govern- most province. and elsewhere in a belt stretch- the landlords who lived on the rents from them Mmallc loans available to them, sent them to Province on the coast. ing Shantung eastern neither invested swam to combat diseases and and in- China is the heavily nor looked after the pests, "ancestral ~ homo . .In many in all direc- new vineyards } trees" places, spread trees scientifically. The improved varieties and methods Fruit orchards flu“ peasant fruit-growers. were tions as far as the eye can seer One can walk on the and moral planteor: licre other hand, though hard to im- mike planting. thousand years working ago Centurios tram village to village under endless vines Lheir tlvatlnn have of cul- prove trees, lacked capital. In con- produced fich with , clusters of luscious _ Government’s in varielics of fruit. sequence, the fruit trees People’s efforts promot- and as. or fruit as suffered seriously even better th Me cultivation of fruit on, any in tho from diseases and among peasants Work— here are worldi pests and their output over a hundrEd Legends About Fruit th the varieties steadily declined. mfiq‘ enthusiasm of emancipation were lrulu in of citrus Chi China. The _ rnuc The responsible for these record Sunkist ~advortised Chinese people are fond of fruits and harvests. In orange: are far California In inferior have A! addition, orchards were and llmlhuibgrowirig areas, there was better to many many interesting legends about them. frequently irriga- Chin— openly robbed the KMT hms. better control of »acid ratio in Ifhe Mid-Autumn Festival when fruits are most by and Japanese diseases and pests, more

. Sunkist troops, and trees were cut down for firewood 7, The - the tradition was to offer People’s Government . extended 0‘ : in the plentiful, peasant Knnztunrzrown Case Numerous orchards were M10 the Hsinhui oran 'slcrifices of pears, bananas or grapes to the moon. destroyed in this way peasants for these purposes. The

- mt: Hue the whole would sit themselves were able to ceremony over, family the provide more During years of reactionary Kuomin- out of down together and eat heartily of the cam their savings from the better harvest. tang rule, ruthless exploitation ruined the When pea- conditions have celebrate the ‘ they Peking residents Spring and We enjoyed since sants, fruit farming suffered accordingIY- a. Mval—the Chinese lunar New Year—the _ Government loans to orange- ' city dwellers too could less and less afford to W in whole family eats apples, tor the word “apple” in Kiangtsin County, Szechuan Pro- buy fruit. US. interests, operating with the Ghinese is km: and the word la-‘ilmolled over 200 million and pronounced ping connivaoce of yuan, this the KMT regime, monopolised "wt! for the purchase of fertiliser. Pear-

EPeople‘s Chino April 16. ms: i

growers in Province received 4. Shantung special marketing. Improved communications and loans (or and insecticides. ’ sprayers The further: any exhibitions of city and rural products spread of modern scientific methods of graftin >‘ .ve greatly assisted the interflow of trade. and also pruning is having effect 1 the increasing past only the emperor and his courtiers A The name ‘ in and methods of the famed Soviet, the Peking could eat the lichees which were then Sunday Country ugronomist Michurin are becoming increasingly ansported from Province well Kwangtung by pony known among the fruit-growers of China. 55. Now in season they are available to i e ordinary residents of the capital at reason- ‘l' ' able prices. Bumper Crops . Tien Liu In 1952 , on National Day the amount of the three During past years remarkable it sold in _ Peking worked out at an of increases have been achieved average in output, 'I . re than six 31313 u‘v- kilogramrnes of fruit were still twinkling when Lao in a new China‘s main per family, wuman deep—blue cotton frock was fruit-growing areas, the harvest-1J0) about three pounds of fruit TIEWang got up. He pulled on some luscious or 1952 were on per person. clothes, picking tender, beans, gathering them the average 50 cent per higher 112 per cent more than in 1951. to himself: than in A feature of mumbling quietly “Sunday again! by large handfuls into her bamboo basket. 1951. In individual cases the increases like trade, not unusual How time flies!" were for other big northern Hovering around her- was a little as much as 250 cent. girl wearing per is that the dues, amount of southern fruits! a but made out of a "Why, what do you do specially on Sun— large pumpkin leaf. The The oranges, bananas, etc.— Qtlhad black apple crop surpassed the pineapples, coconuts, days?" I asked from the snug warmth of the shiny plaits bedecked with wild previous . year's increased and that record by 50 per cent. many big Co-operallVEs kang'. flowers, and as she skipped along, the flowers Liaotung Pro we in ' established fruit Northeast one of departments to deal with fluttered and danced like butterflies around her vinoe China, the outstand- “Oh, one thing and he mg increased turnover. another," replied, apple—growing ‘ slander shoulders. areas, harvested 71,000 “It’s a rest for us of tons?” day co—op workers, but it apples, 50 per cent more than in Fruits seems to l951. exports are also growing, as the go pretty quick." Rich Crops ‘ table Even gnawing' shows: This was "'While out bigger increases were a surprise to us. Tsai, the press we‘re here, let‘s take a look at gained by the orange and “ Lao tangerine orchards of YE“ photographer, and I had only arrived in the chain-ops," Wang suggested. He led us . the 5 . ' Drug" Apple: zcciunnl country. g. the a narrow main village night before after three years in aloix path that climbed a steep slope. Prov-nice. (Phillis citrus fruit surpassed its Base Year: 1940:100 the and fields of highest prewar cities, here already we heard about more top, rich crops lay spread out in :(rca, crop level. 1951 County 204.7 145-“ such a front of us. It was a in that harvested big change in village life. In the old handsome sight beyond pcllnlanglcan more province 250 1 1952 321.09 the our (run than in 1951. 21650" days, peasants took a holiday only at the expectations. The kaoliang stood firm in of Tangerine-' 1953 . 504 56 - 94‘ New Year and the hld like in growers Hwangyen County (planned) 235 one or two other big seasonal saplings a forest nursery. The

121-0-.l vmm) got their best (Chekiang festivals. had harvest in ' How did this all come about? What maize grown ten feet and more. Luxuriant decades, The 3°“ “‘7' “”1““ “”1" ”pm" by privat- did do tut). from merchants. they with their Sundays? We pLiEd Lao hung bursting cobs. It was a fine Wang with questions (he is the busy head of flap of maize, and there was ten mou‘ of it. Considerable of fruit are also the village agricultural producers’ until ”’"Such quantifies co-op) millet!” he exclaimed, as we moved he fermented or finally suggested that we take a on canned, to make wines other look-around further to a new field. Lovingly, he fingered and see for beverages or preserved in various The ourselves. a mlden ear and in ways, placed it on his open palm. Shantung market at home and abroad for these We set “We’ll get more than 9" Province products out after breakfast. It was a 1,000 catties a mu,” he “"1 bisear will ‘ than certainly also increase. "That’s a in” Peking's pre- bright clear day. The sun had risen over the said. big lot over our quota." served fruits espedally have received many of the P" for per rim plateau, and the shadows of trees “What’s the quota?" asked Tsai. drying than international awards. With the increase in in etched sharp shadows like wood-cut on prints we only planned for 850 fruit production, both and canning Well, catties a preserving the ground. A light breeze spread the scents moat“ industries are being expanded. of the ripening harvest. The singing of birds Lao Wang had reason to be of proud. One And all of this is a There and chirping crickets echoed through the only beginning. hundred and seventy of the sweet fragrant air. village‘s 220 are suitable fruit-growing land, particularly on families 0! China's belonged to the eta-operative. They nation devalopment the of The land was slopes hills covering an area bigger than bordering the village laid sowed more than "“3 1,700 mail of land to autumn .d genera] the in present acreage under orchards. The ex— out vegetable plots for the members of the (mpg and 700 men to wheat. This year, the . pending economy of China is ever co-operative. There were and green Emand _ potatoes average produce of all f°" fruns creating-an crops per man of land now bigger market for fruit. China‘s fruit-grow- beans. Huge golden—ripe pumpkins lolled on Will amount to 336 catfies. by the rule supply» trading Led ing peasants are to of straw under the autumn sun. Several orgmsafi looking confidently beds “Before the war, in 1937," Lao bumper harvests and markets. members were in of twos or explained bigger They working groups "the Wang, harvest average was about 165 understand how valuable an addition they are threes on their own plots. A middle—aged entitles, and in 1943, it dropped to less than 130." Hing making to the health, wealth and happiness 0! F Sants the nation. is a 81 *A Jenny brick bed that can be heated in winter. as m i. equal to one hectare.

Pebple’a China Ami! 16, 195.3 35 "That was a thin he a very time," rominisced. anlungchen, town two miles from the Better care was given to crops, with more _ing the library, we headed over the “At the end of the war, why, there was hardly ‘llage. It was quite a big afiair. In addition fertiliser and moishlre. All seeds used in the ‘You must see said 3 Nankou," Wang. a left All thing standing, the Same, this is , trading in livestock and industrial and local year’s sowing had passed the test for superior not an to farm.” there easy place oducts, were two performances given quality. Many new (crating methods have also the local opera companies. been for use. And he was right As the wore adopted general morning @y1 was not long before we heard peals on, we saw something of the difficulties.“ As they passed on their way, Wang looked ghter and voices. Village Reading Room Clambering down a Yaoshankou Village was of other them with amused a fairly typical '33er affection. “They’re we came on a colourful scene. " A jet in this one—time On our villages revolutionary base in any let,” be said. “When I was their age, my from the plots, we dropped 3. water gushed from a cleft in the rocks the in on a Taihang mountains'. Situated on a was as a farm labourer tor a land- village reading room and library in high}! working ling}, stream. Along both men and shoulder of banks, loess, the village was surrounded Fiord. 1 even had to work on New Year’s Kutao hamlet, one of three libraries recently Day, W were washing clothes. Garments of tortuous so that we in the by gullies, many could not alone Sundays. As to treating myself to a opened village. It was in a big house, ‘let were spread over the grass and {or all the tell Woman“ World by which we had, cnme‘ day‘s outing, that Was unheard—of." well furnished, with the hooks set in simply apple-pie mu; looking like flowers in full bloom, Chil- the last the ~ on evening. During fighting - - . order along table. More than ten against‘. Tvxhaped catch beneath the the Japanese, this drek'played trees. A group. labyrinth of gullies had' young men and women were engrossed in their of We ate our noon meal in the home of a were stones into the been a defence S throwing stream, perfect against the enemy who books The librarian told us that the member of the Han village to disturb the were always beaten back young co-operative, frogs. Not far from us with heavy losses. reading rooms had to readers Chin-mu. He insisted on on the usually forty fifty what my sitting 3 young peasant of twenty or so However, was advantageous terrain in every vigorously 1 1m which was new day. a the g, covered with a gay W woman’s print frock. past had now become a serious obstacle tog' woollen blanket. He me a bowl of “We production. The tracts of passed have more than '700 books," he said, for cultivated land which. lashing your wife? That‘s a model Mining noodles with “and 57 seemed at a distance to lie garnished cabbage, newspapers and journals. of course, beside one “$9961” said Lao Wang with a smile. another, “I went to see the show I we now found to he apologising: didn’t sometimes as far as one know I’d a or two have guest for lunch, so I’m afraid “And why not?” retorted miles apart. One had to cross gullies, just have to take For a the lad. clamber up or W’ll pot-luck." “We’ve equality bee clifis, scramble gingerly down I he was men stoop mountain to .Wment, thought merely being polite, tween and women! If paths reach one field from I realised he was she another. ' sincerei Noodle: has time to No horse, let alone cart, could {hen quite spare, she possibly a dish have some reserved for festivals in the past does my managed of these so the twins washing. Today I’ve paths, farm— . ow it was as L'rs had to carry every bit of accepted a normal everyday meal plenty of time, so I do manure, soil and crops on their backs. The hers!” scarcity of local water I was surprised to learn that he had come presented an even greater norms problem. Fan to the village as a refugee as recently as 1947. But in spite of his drinking water, the farmers words, had in the have such a comfortable I said. pasg‘ f‘You home,” he turned rather pink, and depended on the summer and autumn on must have had a harvest." which ralnIaHxl good everybody burst out laugh- they had stored in underground cellars. ing. A man “No, it‘s the same with all of us," he said. young and a woman who The Co-op ur life is getting better every day." young were washing garments together ' "Of course - r we‘ve our He told us ' got about another with a reservoir no " peasant opposite him laughed loudest said ho "So “I, Wang. our worst ’y of five, whose income in 1950, before of all. problems are, over. That‘s one of the producers’ co—operative was had advantages of the (to formed, all Photographer Tsai' took a manage sorts of jobs ”been barely 2,800 Patties of grain a year. In now ‘ that we could never have tackled 1, after joining the lac—operative, he received quick snapshot of the happy in the past.“ Singlehanded : 00 catties for his share of the autumn harvest scene.

Our talk mt his was was ' year, income cattle: of . 5,900 grain. , interrupted b) the The young who voices. A Sound of more peasant, by > than double his and his lively grou original income, now was c crimson, lost no , agricultural producers' mm at ,younger brother was able to give up his work Jillian. compute! the ears of time in his big the, ‘ five’l making comeback. In enter improved millet with primary school. the thin eat-a grown by an indI “And what about yourselves?” impact our on a mt work even on neighbouring plot . Sunda ?" After the co-operative‘s two ex- )1 _ he to would you like visiting laughed the young to buy?" said perimental plots in the we there are who were pick out anyosther “I‘ll afternoon, began still a couple, known to anything you quite number of our people (We. fancy!" to understand more the reason for the in in the fully who have not “.You’re photograph together— The yet learnt sufficient characters :9Miler pair of young pea - village's advance One was used lovebirds! Ple were on rapid plot How's that to In the" be able going . to 3 W3 to . the urban-rural Itode y to for seed-selection and testing and the other for read, so we help them out by in newspapers, hey?" exhibition and fair at A sale trying out new farming methods. The co-op arranging wading groups, where who of laughter ' people rang out louder lo anew, sand cultivates all land under an over—all can read gleeful. Province. plan, using flumtly read aloud to others. These

. ch each plot for the crop it is best suited for. are Eco-e sound JO you!“ very popular.” the wleyeerful reverberated throughout People’s China April 16, 1953 will lu-ln-date automatic March as gramme: 54,000 hectares will be under local conditions. Fine new equipped " ”(mad “0m ”he planted with trees this spring. The sil'ains of wheai, peas and potatoes machinei'ies Kim ii Sung and Prng Tuh—huai will be camm‘S‘ THE NEWS number of saplings in nurseries from the Soviet Union and North Soviet Union. d send a reply to Gcni-i-nl Mcrk Clark IN or will be increased and 15,000 vast China have now been Widely sinned this ylp agreeing to Clark's proposal be 22 to sick and hectares or old forcst areas will distributed. . a r February cxchhnge hec- the 9.0 W‘s tho reafiorested. Already 21.000 There are 120 state [arms in . injured during pmnd tares of land have been A new he:\, maChine-bulld‘“g of hostilities and proposing ()1le (hr newly areas inhabited by national minori- W“ 1“ or initii Fukicn is one of China’s 913m is being, Taiyuanl delegates for negotintions aflorested. ties in Sikang. Yunnan and Kwei~ idt.‘ for shun Iron and Steel Company. An “1' Niltitin-l uppltr! ShanSI Provin u NW" China's rcsume immediately thi- important lumber areas. it pro— Chow Provinces. Some have spec sides ' additional $000 technicians. mainly al centr This win he ‘he Pnnuuiiu ('hnu lCn-lli Statement more different dustri armistice negotiations at duccs than 1,000 in cotton, jute. _ from the will be ciniised growmg rank and file, ll date of its lzulliusicslic (or Prcmicr kinds of of and tea and they arc first large up plant jam support trained 1958. More timhcr, many great tobacco from 1053 to When it Chou i‘ill'I-Il's hiiiii-li 30 statement economic importance. For the advanced farming tech. kind in China completed, than 10 technical schools and train— spreading More will build Ch ‘l. s first large Steel March 30 on Ull' Kuriun iii ~1icc ntgnllric paper industry alane, during the niqucs among the peasants, ing classes have been set up. The and I: this in the mills, r ing equipment [inns built; ‘v'nlci'd iiii‘uilghoul (ht: past three years, the province pro. will be set up year rolling Premier and Foreign Minister training programme will not only areas henvy cranes CUUHU) Kilt) Mu-lu. Chairman of duced 70,000 tons ct bamboo cellu— national minority throughout issues a stntt'mt-nl on mt ct tlic nceds of Ansnan but also Chou En-lal tin- Chlnil l'i-aco China. In addition to Committee. sold lose. and wood pulp. Southwest a r r the Korean armistice iiiigotiiilions turn Anshnn into n technical train- unit "I i-t Chou En-lnl‘s proposal the slate iarms, many ogre-tech- ing cunti-c for the country's iron A 500»kilometre-long shelter hell the “J is re‘ Burlui and on itiu portion. 0! imi’ill‘ifllliig ull nical stations are helping 1mm MOW: making The Sine-Hungarian imd SicCl industry. has hcen started along the Yellow as in m. 1953 .5 1’0 \t‘. «liilplrltly conlurms iiith peasants. markable prop establishing Payment Agreement River in Ningsia province. This ,lucers‘ tlu- \lLIl nitric s iii Uii‘ Cl\.lit:u‘ agricultural p co.opcra- signed in Peking soil iinil Killlilll l’it: Iron Records shelter bolt will greatly help lives. The i’ 5 were set up last [Jr lo and the com- Work in Tibet conservation and the preservation Veterinary i- there mon intuiisu oi the puucc-loiing Twice as much pig iron was pro- year, and it timated will Apm 1 of moisture in the Yellow River Tibetan stackmen are enthusias— in“: s all pour ”it: Mild: ducud in China in 1952 as in 1950. “msyw'Thm $16”),th Hsinhua rcporu tram ni-ci-mlicr, All vaney. \iC about the services which the rumor [Yon gruelling plants can superiority li inc pi-opli Low“): cl cit s mats to February. 19.53. populnr now IS 1952 pmdilco iron Pauple's Government prDViding Ci thh m first-grade pig , by higher ‘einldemmitrat’idy'eds’ out 30.502 i-igliiiiduliuns and uuiiiuciulic pui- forces in Koren wipcd loi- 513‘an , i'al' thcm. A veterinary t. innlong steel The blast Record Fish Hauls big some gases 3 70 more than those dtstruyo d m. liis. piotisoors. leading nicnibuis enemy troops and furnaccs’ was in Lhasa in January rccord outputs per square China is for a record established in ii '.d“al and even tr llic \i’nl'luus rel-moo: communi- planning gained 1.262 enemy plants mcli-c of have and has treated nearly damaged hearth area already fish haul this year. The catch has alzendy mutual-aid la liiii, umsin Chincsc. pruniinciil lapncd lcvi-ls in til: United states 1300 animals All its services are Aierhinn Folk hlllslr mil-is null steadily increased since liberation. The first :uluis. ltadmg inaus- ’ and Britain for the manufac— in l’L-kint: and are approaching The total in 1952 was 17% over the A factory and Dance chtival twins triulisls and prolussional the people Soviet and anthrax leveL and 291% ture of rinderpcst st \‘CES in the Uighur linii- till mum in.- siuicnn-iil as highest prewar record Talesraph 1952 in n in: in the an serum is also being built Lhasa, now available in piacliril rxprc»|un oi the clcsire pig output over that of 1949. This year language are April 3 q‘in and steel and a class has been opened Amlm~ [in p13" oi the vhchinghcn [ton increase of at least 10% over last spemal nearly half 0f ginkmgys 78 county Kuznetsov. Soviet Chintsc and v ' v. .Pl . . ants. , Kon.n poking, m 429% above the is aimed at. there to train Tihctan veterinary seats. The Ui/iill!‘ co to make u mm people and oi nil pcucc. year 5“" annual output the Japanese ‘i... 1uiiiig piiiilu Many individuals during surgeons. m“ ma" 8": “MW: tot-'5 ”“3322?to “$2.51. occupation Fishermen are for the .' )|J\(' ready tentiary M a U wiiln-n to the pros suppoit~ population to Chairman season. Hundreds credentials in; [nu m‘w coming fishing step lowards . peace in Ancient Music Revived . .. of thousands have joined the fishing Electoral Commlutt Xuris. our in the some time 0n the Railway: The Central staring Wanton that uiiir Eli-operative societies which attend Chinese music of 300 years ago announcing ociiriiiinnlion la redouble as are work» Kiangsi Prm'mce’s handicraft issues a direcnvc many The run. uitir women mainly to supply and marketing was recently heard in Peking. local peoples iigilnocc is unsure dviiai u: mg“??? China's railway system as prudurtion is now 150% above pie» elections of the in services. assure the fisher- rediscovcred music ihrmlgh an» luritm ‘9‘ They scores oi this llbcratiun Chief these will be carried rein-mini; hy the US. Women workers and cm- days among gresses ”00' men markets. have been itiiuis to fair prices and ready which were thought to which this your block the achieve- iilio number altogether arc porcelain. is world from May to October : the. first six months of this i were in niim of pram in 0005},1 "Id During actually preserved needle etc. ct Korea or to posts in every railway famous, linen. work. of the Ministry Launch year. their memhcrs to land some Buddhist in Peking. TWD delegates hush aurmions. depart,“ are plan temples employed s - o or the Ctnlifli as than g V'l'hey tons of to old monks who had learn— Engineerin , "mm“it locomotive 400,000 fish—equal Eighteen Civil dispatchers, Government Anhu driver: total catch last year. ed to play this music in their youth of Fukien Pro- People‘s Expansion . _v health workers. Foochow, capital 2:51;; ad teachers, to attendlcmhk“ can still play some of the scores 19 cm for Warsaw Thousands 0! fit. Among thc China's constitute vince, now has handicraft workers. cullcgc mmlms‘minrs. fishing grounds wood ;v:iult'd-iv The chief instruments are almost mcm- Architects Confcrcncc gnocchi and model workers who 23% of the world‘s total; her operatives With 1,000 t0 . rngmms are con~ April 11 scu13 h;f‘>'b‘\'onunO winds inadc of hamhoo, and small the be held trom upon; lo mmc nadmlly famous are catch is about bci's. Half of city's umhreiias 1mm . annual olhcr parls “9’36 average The «I brass made in 1465. the in a fisherman's tons. gangs are made by cit-Operatives. count!) wnrk in Anshnn ing. poor 5,860,000 Peking Federation of Writers and 4 titanic! 01 Ch as who first April lndusirinllsa: “Oman became the at ruin omi-n mm lo Artists sponsored thc concert The All-China FCdCl‘flIIDnV t3! \nshnn :trt- _ China, New for it! fllr'K‘w {10ml and thutive driver-in Crops Sikang-Tibel a mossnuc to which the monks playcd the music sends nllehtnr-h .ug China's first Labour USA (arteries This wheat. o f the potctocs g all “mm" spring, pros, \v _ mrr the to hundreds of musicians. Pru- to the oikors country Exiting-chit. dispatch. OF ings . Srvcnty-lli-c {1 2nd some 10 other crops ivill co CHRONICLE EVENTS lhc preparations [anti in: whose mincnt musicians are the with in musliulcher,is hung helping in connection Sit-"yang. promoted for the nrst time on th: at Ranking ancci mmhhb ~0d grow—n .i r,ii.y hive Dui the country, monks to scarch for and rcVive for May Day- signed contracts sikang-Tibct plateau. Successlul 'li ihr Anshnn more of these ancient scares. Iron and the Mfl'rL‘h 26 Siucl rxpcriments have bull made by . . - 5 "‘3'” . lwnly equl . Mining i Apnl Pliknl and Allorestalion state farms there and pcasans are The P801) les Dutly prlnE merit of Norm "mun“ 5) ii Peking mum , ”mi, ti-cc nlant‘lnfl has stat-toil nnuv s—nnniuinu (up/i fnr thatfi rrnDS Briefs .ua my .u s hf a hanieinn rm A regional it mum-ball- Mung. From th- Motherland Drawinu by K“ Yuan