Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity, and Community

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity, and Community University of Kentucky UKnowledge Appalachian Studies Arts and Humanities 3-12-2013 Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity, and Community Amy D. Clark University of Virginia’s College at Wise Nancy M. Hayward Indiana University of Pennsylvania Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Clark, Amy D. and Hayward, Nancy M., "Talking Appalachian: Voice, Identity, and Community" (2013). Appalachian Studies. 27. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/27 hayward APPALACHIAN STUDIES clark “Talking Appalachian is a wonderful collection, challenging readers to learn about the many and histories that have shaped appalachian dialectical diversity.” —ann kingsolvEr, director of the appalachian center, University of kentucky “clark and hayward are to be praised for assembling a well-ordered broad spectrum of conversant essays and literary pieces that stand to bring the study, understanding, and appreciation of appalachian English(es) into a new era of cultivation.” —chris grEEn, director of the loyal Jones appalachian center, Berea college ∏ alking alking ∏alking “This book fills a need in college and secondary classrooms in a unique and exciting way— examining a stigmatized, regional variety that also serves as a strong indicator of in-group membership and identity for many (but not all) of its speakers through the use of both appalachian research studies and essays/literary excerpts.” —Jim michnowicz, assistant professor of spanish, North carolina state University Voice, Identity, and Community Identity, Voice, Voice, Identity, and Community a radition, community, and pride are fundamental aspects of the history of appalachia, and the language of the region is a living testament to its rich heritage. despite ppalachian unflattering stereotypes and cultural discrimination associated with their style of ∏speech, appalachians have organized to preserve regional dialects—complex forms of English peppered with words, phrases, and pronunciations unique to the area and its people. Talking Appalachian examines these distinctive speech varieties and emphasizes their role in expressing local history and promoting a shared identity. Beginning with a historical and geographical overview of the region, editors amy d. clark and nancy m. hayward explore a variety of subjects, including the success of african american appalachian English and southern appalachian English speakers in professional and corporate positions. with excerpts from works by authors such as george Ella lyon and silas house, this balanced collection is a comprehensive, accessible study of appalachian language. amy d. clark is associate professor of English at the University of virginia. nancy m. hayward is professor emeritus of English at the indiana University of Pennsylvania. ISBN: 978-0-8131-4096-4 9 0 0 0 0 Cover art, background: werksmedia/istockphoto.com; bottom, left to right: “reflection” (1999) by amy d. clark; blackie/istockphoto.com; peeterv/istockphoto.com. 9 780813 140964 cover design by Jen huppert design Edited by amy d. clark and nancy m. hayward Talking Appalachian Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 1 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 2 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM TALKING APPALACHIAN Voice, Identity, and Community Edited by Amy D. Clark and Nancy M. Hayward Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 3 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM Copyright © 2013 by The University Press of Kentucky Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kentucky, Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 17 16 15 14 13 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Talking Appalachian : voice, Identity, And Community / Edited by Amy D. Clark and Nancy M. Hayward. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-8131-4096-4 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 978-0-8131-4097-1 (epub) — ISBN 978-0-8131-4158-9 (pdf) 1. English language—Dialects—Appalachian Region. 2. English language—Variation— United States. 3. Americanisms—Appalachian Region. 4. Appalachian Region— Languages. I. Clark, Amy (Amy D.) editor of compilation. II. Hayward, Nancy M., 1945- editor of compilation. PE2970.A6T35 2013 427’.974—dc23 2012045878 This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the requirements of the American National Standard for Permanence in Paper for Printed Library Materials. Manufactured in the United States of America. Member of the Association of American University Presses Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 4 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM Contents Preface vii Introduction 1 Amy D. Clark and Nancy M. Hayward Part I: Varieties, Education, and Power in Appalachia The Historical Background and Nature of the Englishes of Appalachia 25 Michael Montgomery The Appalachian Range: The Limits of Language Variation in West Virginia 54 Kirk Hazen, Jaime Flesher, and Erin Simmons Think Locally: Language as Community Practice 70 Nancy M. Hayward African American Speech in Southern Appalachia 81 Walt Wolfram Dialect and Education in Appalachia 94 Jeffrey Reaser Voices in the Appalachian Classroom 110 Amy D. Clark Silence, Voice, and Identity among Appalachian College Women 125 Katherine Sohn Language and Power 141 Anita Puckett The Treatment of Dialect in Appalachian Literature 163 Michael Ellis Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 5 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM Part II: Voices from Appalachia Personal Essays Voiceplace 185 George Ella Lyon In My Own Country 193 Silas House Southern Exposure 205 Lee Smith A Matter of Perception 209 Jane Hicks Novel Excerpts Carrie Bishop: From Storming Heaven 215 Denise Giardina The High Sheriff: From One Foot in Eden 219 Ron Rash Ezra’s Journal and Andrew Nettles: From Hiding Ezra 226 Rita Quillen Short Story Holler 231 Crystal Wilkinson Poetry Spell Check 245 Anne Shelby Acknowledgments 247 List of Contributors 249 Permissions 255 Index 257 Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 6 2/19/2013 3:33:55 PM Preface As editors, we came to this book with personal histories in Appalachia and keen interests in language. To clarify why we are so passionate about this topic, we offer our stories. Amy D. Clark I grew up in the far southwestern corner of Virginia in what might be called the heart of Appalachia, a part of the state that converges with east- ern Kentucky, eastern Tennessee, western North Carolina, and southern West Virginia. Born to teenage parents, I was a fourth living generation in a family of front porch storytellers, so numerous linguistic heirlooms were passed on to me over the years. My great-grandmother (whom we called “Mamaw”) sparked my in- terest in the history of Appalachian Englishes. I grew up just a mile from her farm in Jonesville, Virginia. She referred to a bedspread as a “coun- terpane” and the peacocks that clattered on the roof of her house and in the surrounding woods as “pea-fowls.” She talked about what she “com- menced to” do that day and warned us that we would “feel right com- mon” the next morning if we ate too many green apples. She and my great-grandfather told stories about “haints” that had—at certain points in their pasts—revealed themselves up and down the “holler” where they lived. While growing up, I attributed the different kind of English they spoke to their ages; I thought it was just the way older people from the hills talked. But I also remember how Mamaw described our ancestors, a strange breed originally from Scotland. It would be years later, when I returned to her recorded voice and heard the melody in her vocabulary and grammar and the way she pronounced her words that I would begin vii Hayward Talking Appal BOOK.indb 7 2/19/2013 3:33:56 PM viii Preface to link her version of English to the place we call home and to my own language patterns. Growing up in the 1970s and 1980s, I watched enough television to see and hear the cultural demarcation between mainstream America and my region, particularly in the way people in my family and in my commu- nity spoke. I loved to read, but I was never introduced to Appalachian lit- erature in my high school English classes, where I might have recognized my home voice in that of the characters. Our curriculum did not include classes that invited discussions of Appalachian issues or culture, so I did not identify as an Appalachian, nor did I understand that I spoke a par- ticular regional dialect. Because I devoured so much literature, I had tacit knowledge of the rules of standard American English (SAE) and honed the skill of code-switching from an early age; I could turn off my dialect when I wanted to, but it was always at the risk of teasing from friends and family who believed that SAE was for people who thought they were too good to be associated with our neck of the woods. A class at Clinch Valley College (renamed the University of Virgin- ia’s College at Wise in 1999) changed all that. The class, called Appala- chian Prose and Poetry, introduced me to James Still, Lee Smith, Mary Lee Settle, Harriette Simpson Arnow, and many others. Their characters’ voices mirrored my own. I remember feeling so proud when I realized that my culture was worthy of study, that an entire field was dedicated to my homeplace, people, and culture.
Recommended publications
  • Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010
    Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 2019 The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 Paul L. Robertson Virginia Commonwealth University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd Part of the American Popular Culture Commons, Appalachian Studies Commons, Literature in English, North America Commons, and the Other Film and Media Studies Commons © Paul L. Robertson Downloaded from https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/5854 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Robertson i © Paul L. Robertson 2019 All Rights Reserved. Robertson ii The Mountains at the End of the World: Subcultural Appropriations of Appalachia and the Hillbilly Image, 1990-2010 A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. By Paul Lester Robertson Bachelor of Arts in English, Virginia Commonwealth University, 2000 Master of Arts in Appalachian Studies, Appalachian State University, 2004 Master of Arts in English, Appalachian State University, 2010 Director: David Golumbia Associate Professor, Department of English Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond, Virginia May 2019 Robertson iii Acknowledgement The author wishes to thank his loving wife A. Simms Toomey for her unwavering support, patience, and wisdom throughout this process. I would also like to thank the members of my committee: Dr. David Golumbia, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • The Consequences of Appalachian Representation in Pop Culture
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Theses and Dissertations--English English 2017 STRANGERS WITH CAMERAS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF APPALACHIAN REPRESENTATION IN POP CULTURE Chelsea L. Brislin University of Kentucky, [email protected] Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.13023/ETD.2017.252 Right click to open a feedback form in a new tab to let us know how this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Brislin, Chelsea L., "STRANGERS WITH CAMERAS: THE CONSEQUENCES OF APPALACHIAN REPRESENTATION IN POP CULTURE" (2017). Theses and Dissertations--English. 59. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/english_etds/59 This Doctoral Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the English at UKnowledge. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations--English by an authorized administrator of UKnowledge. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STUDENT AGREEMENT: I represent that my thesis or dissertation and abstract are my original work. Proper attribution has been given to all outside sources. I understand that I am solely responsible for obtaining any needed copyright permissions. I have obtained needed written permission statement(s) from the owner(s) of each third-party copyrighted matter to be included in my work, allowing electronic distribution (if such use is not permitted by the fair use doctrine) which will be submitted to UKnowledge as Additional File. I hereby grant to The University of Kentucky and its agents the irrevocable, non-exclusive, and royalty-free license to archive and make accessible my work in whole or in part in all forms of media, now or hereafter known. I agree that the document mentioned above may be made available immediately for worldwide access unless an embargo applies.
    [Show full text]
  • 12 English Dialect Input to the Caribbean
    12 English dialect input to the Caribbean 1 Introduction There is no doubt that in the settlement of the Caribbean area by English speakers and in the rise of varieties of English there, the question of regional British input is of central importance (Rickford 1986; Harris 1986). But equally the two other sources of specific features in anglophone varieties there, early creolisation and independent developments, have been given continued attention by scholars. Opinions are still divided on the relative weight to be accorded to these sources. The purpose of the present chapter is not to offer a description of forms of English in the Caribbean – as this would lie outside the competence of the present author, see Holm (1994) for a resum´ e–b´ ut rather to present the arguments for regional British English input as the historical source of salient features of Caribbean formsofEnglish and consider these arguments in the light of recent research into both English in this region and historical varieties in the British Isles. This is done while explicitly acknowledging the role of West African input to forms of English in this region. This case has been argued eloquently and well, since at least Alleyne (1980) whose views are shared by many creolists, e.g. John Rickford. But the aim of the present volume, and specifically of the present chapter, is to consider overseas varieties of English in the light of possible continuity of input formsofEnglish from the British Isles. This concern does not seek to downplay West African input and general processes of creolisation, which of course need to be specified in detail,1 butrather tries to put the case for English input and so complement other views already available in the field.
    [Show full text]
  • LANGUAGE VARIETY in ENGLAND 1 ♦ Language Variety in England
    LANGUAGE VARIETY IN ENGLAND 1 ♦ Language Variety in England One thing that is important to very many English people is where they are from. For many of us, whatever happens to us in later life, and however much we move house or travel, the place where we grew up and spent our childhood and adolescence retains a special significance. Of course, this is not true of all of us. More often than in previous generations, families may move around the country, and there are increasing numbers of people who have had a nomadic childhood and are not really ‘from’ anywhere. But for a majority of English people, pride and interest in the area where they grew up is still a reality. The country is full of football supporters whose main concern is for the club of their childhood, even though they may now live hundreds of miles away. Local newspapers criss-cross the country in their thousands on their way to ‘exiles’ who have left their local areas. And at Christmas time the roads and railways are full of people returning to their native heath for the holiday period. Where we are from is thus an important part of our personal identity, and for many of us an important component of this local identity is the way we speak – our accent and dialect. Nearly all of us have regional features in the way we speak English, and are happy that this should be so, although of course there are upper-class people who have regionless accents, as well as people who for some reason wish to conceal their regional origins.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Appalachia: Internet Usage in the Mountains Jacob J
    Informing Science InSITE - “Where Parallels Intersect” June 2003 Bridging the Digital Divide in Rural Appalachia: Internet Usage in the Mountains Jacob J. Podber, Ph.D. Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, IL, USA [email protected] Abstract This project looks at Internet usage within the Melungeon community of Appalachia. Although much has been written on the coal mining communities of Appalachia and on ethnicity within the region, there has been little written on electronic media usage by Appalachian communities, most notably the Melun- geons. The Melungeons are a group who settled in the Appalachian Mountains as early as 1492, of apparent Mediterranean descent. Considered by some to be tri-racial isolates, to a certain extent, Melungeons have been culturally constructed, and largely self-identified. According to the founder of a popular Me- lungeon Web site, the Internet has proven an effective tool in uncovering some of the mysteries and folklore surrounding the Melungeon community. This Web site receives more than 21,000 hits a month from Melungeons or others interested in the group. The Melungeon community, triggered by recent books, films, and video documentaries, has begun to use the Internet to trace their genealogy. Through the use of oral history interviews, this study examines how Melungeons in Appalachia use the Internet to connect to others within their community and to the world at large. Keywords : Internet, media, digital divide, Appalachia, rural, oral history, ethnography, sociology, com- munity Introduction In Rod Carveth and Susan Kretchmer’s paper “The Digital Divide in Western Europe,” (presented at the 2002 International Summer Conference on Communication and Technology) the authors examined how age, income and gender were predictors of the digital divide in Western Europe.
    [Show full text]
  • The Effect of Appalachian Regional Dialect on Performance Appraisal and Leadership Perceptions" (2014)
    Eastern Kentucky University Encompass Online Theses and Dissertations Student Scholarship January 2014 The ffecE t of Appalachian Regional Dialect on Performance Appraisal and Leadership Perceptions Amie Sparks Ball Eastern Kentucky University Follow this and additional works at: https://encompass.eku.edu/etd Part of the Cognitive Psychology Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Recommended Citation Ball, Amie Sparks, "The Effect of Appalachian Regional Dialect on Performance Appraisal and Leadership Perceptions" (2014). Online Theses and Dissertations. 203. https://encompass.eku.edu/etd/203 This Open Access Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Scholarship at Encompass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Online Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Encompass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE EFFECT OF APPALACHIAN REGIONAL DIALECT ON PERFROMANCE APPRASAL AND LEADERSHIP PERCEPTIONS By Amie Sparks Ball Master of Science Eastern Kentucky University Richmond, Kentucky 2014 Submitted to the Faculty of the Graduate School of Eastern Kentucky University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE May, 2014 Copyright © Amie Sparks Ball, 2014 All rights reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank my thesis chair, Dr. Catherine Clement, for her help and guidance. I would also like to thank my other committee members, Dr. Yoshie Nakai and Dr. Jonathan Gore, for their assistance over the past two years. I would like to express my thanks to my husband, Tyler, and my parents, John and Sheila, for their support and encouragement throughout this process. iii Abstract Speakers of Appalachian English face unique difficulties in the workplace.
    [Show full text]
  • A History of Appalachia
    University of Kentucky UKnowledge Appalachian Studies Arts and Humanities 2-28-2001 A History of Appalachia Richard B. Drake Click here to let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Thanks to the University of Kentucky Libraries and the University Press of Kentucky, this book is freely available to current faculty, students, and staff at the University of Kentucky. Find other University of Kentucky Books at uknowledge.uky.edu/upk. For more information, please contact UKnowledge at [email protected]. Recommended Citation Drake, Richard B., "A History of Appalachia" (2001). Appalachian Studies. 23. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/upk_appalachian_studies/23 R IC H ARD B . D RA K E A History of Appalachia A of History Appalachia RICHARD B. DRAKE THE UNIVERSITY PRESS OF KENTUCKY Publication of this volume was made possible in part by grants from the E.O. Robinson Mountain Fund and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2001 by The University Press of Kentucky Paperback edition 2003 Scholarly publisher for the Commonwealth, serving Bellarmine University, Berea College, Centre College of Kenhlcky Eastern Kentucky University, The Filson Historical Society, Georgetown College, Kentucky Historical Society, Kentucky State University, Morehead State University, Murray State University, Northern Kentucky University, Transylvania University, University of Kentucky, University of Louisville, and Western Kentucky University. All rights reserved. Editorial and Sales Offices: The University Press of Kentucky 663 South Limestone Street, Lexington, Kentucky 40508-4008 www.kentuckypress.com 12 11 10 09 08 8 7 6 5 4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Drake, Richard B., 1925- A history of Appalachia / Richard B.
    [Show full text]
  • Famous People from Michigan
    APPENDIX E Famo[ People fom Michigan any nationally or internationally known people were born or have made Mtheir home in Michigan. BUSINESS AND PHILANTHROPY William Agee John F. Dodge Henry Joy John Jacob Astor Herbert H. Dow John Harvey Kellogg Anna Sutherland Bissell Max DuPre Will K. Kellogg Michael Blumenthal William C. Durant Charles Kettering William E. Boeing Georgia Emery Sebastian S. Kresge Walter Briggs John Fetzer Madeline LaFramboise David Dunbar Buick Frederic Fisher Henry M. Leland William Austin Burt Max Fisher Elijah McCoy Roy Chapin David Gerber Charles S. Mott Louis Chevrolet Edsel Ford Charles Nash Walter P. Chrysler Henry Ford Ransom E. Olds James Couzens Henry Ford II Charles W. Post Keith Crain Barry Gordy Alfred P. Sloan Henry Crapo Charles H. Hackley Peter Stroh William Crapo Joseph L. Hudson Alfred Taubman Mary Cunningham George M. Humphrey William E. Upjohn Harlow H. Curtice Lee Iacocca Jay Van Andel John DeLorean Mike Illitch Charles E. Wilson Richard DeVos Rick Inatome John Ziegler Horace E. Dodge Robert Ingersol ARTS AND LETTERS Mitch Albom Milton Brooks Marguerite Lofft DeAngeli Harriette Simpson Arnow Ken Burns Meindert DeJong W. H. Auden Semyon Bychkov John Dewey Liberty Hyde Bailey Alexander Calder Antal Dorati Ray Stannard Baker Will Carleton Alden Dow (pen: David Grayson) Jim Cash Sexton Ehrling L. Frank Baum (Charles) Bruce Catton Richard Ellmann Harry Bertoia Elizabeth Margaret Jack Epps, Jr. William Bolcom Chandler Edna Ferber Carrie Jacobs Bond Manny Crisostomo Phillip Fike Lilian Jackson Braun James Oliver Curwood 398 MICHIGAN IN BRIEF APPENDIX E: FAMOUS PEOPLE FROM MICHIGAN Marshall Fredericks Hugie Lee-Smith Carl M.
    [Show full text]
  • November 18, 2020 Telephone Conference Meeting
    PENNSYLVANIA LIQUOR CONTROL BOARD MEETING MINUTES WEDNESDAY NOVEMBER 18, 2020 TELEPHONE CONFERENCE MEETING Tim Holden, Chairman Office of Chief Counsel Office of Retail Operations Mike Negra, Board Member Bureau of Licensing Bureau of Product Selection Mary Isenhour, Board Member Bureau of Human Resources Financial Report Michael Demko, Executive Director Bureau of Accounting & Purchasing Other Issues John Stark, Board Secretary PUBLIC MEETING – 11:00 A.M CALL TO ORDER ...................................................................................................................... Chairman Holden Pledge of Allegiance to the Flag Chairman Holden made an opening statement thanking everyone for their continued cooperation and understanding as the PLCB is dealing with COVID-19 and the need to meet in this telephonic fashion. Chairman Holden stated that we still face a very serious health crisis and though he was unable to provide updated statistics with regard to the number of Pennsylvanians affected by the virus, he reiterated the need for caution. OLD BUSINESS ................................................................................................................................ Secretary Stark A. Motion to approve previous Board Meeting Minutes of the October 28, 2020 meeting. Motion Made: Board Member Negra Seconded: Board Member Isenhour Board Decision: Unanimously agreed (3-0 vote) to approve previous Board Minutes. PUBLIC COMMENT ON AGENDA ITEMS The Board has reserved 10 minutes for Public Comment on printed agenda items. Lynn Wolfe stated that she wished to know the status of a license transfer pertaining to the purchase of a beer distributor and questioned if the transfer she was concerned about would be addressed during the meeting. Chairman Holden asked Ms. Wolfe if she had reviewed the agenda for the meeting and Ms. Wolfe indicated that she had not been able to determine whether or not the transfer appeared on the agenda.
    [Show full text]
  • Nonstandard English Dialect Speakers, Evidence That Repudiatesthese Myths Should Be Examined
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 178 859 CS 005 062 AUTHOR Zimet, Sara Gccdman TITLE Dispelling Myths and Examining Strategies in Teaching Non-Standard Dialect Speakers to Bead. PUB DATE Jul 78 NOTE 22p.; Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the United Kingdom Reading Association (Northampton, England, July 1978) EDRS PRICE MF01/PC01 Rlus Postage. DESCRIPTORS *Black Achievement; *Black Dialects; Culturally Disadvantaged; Elementary Education; *Language Attitudes; Language Experience Apprcach; Language Research; Language Usage; *Nonstandard Cialects; *Reading Instructicn; Social Dialects; Sociolinguistics; *Standard Spoken Usage; Teaching Methods ABSTRACT To dispel the myths of linguistic deficiency among nonstandard English dialect speakers, evidence that repudiatesthese myths should be examined. These myths include suggestions that nonstandard dialects are ungrammatical and cannot be used to form concepts, and that speakers of such dialects receive little verbal stimulation as children. The result of this language impoverishment is thought to be poor performance in academic, social, andeconomic life. Research evidence repudiates these myths by indicatingthat in less formal testing situations and in natural surroundings, the monosyllabic speakers of formal test situations are actually verbally product.lve people. Linguists have noted that nonstandard English dialects are highly coherent, logical, and structured. Poor aCademic performance cannot be caused by the nonstandard dialect alone. Positive instructional techniques include recognizing cl.ialect renditions of oral reading as high level acts of comprehension, utilizing the language experience approach as a bridge between the two dialects, and overcoming negative attitudes towardnonstandard dialects. (MKM) ***********************v*********************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDPS are the best tnat can be made from the original document *************************************4********************************* U.S. DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH.
    [Show full text]
  • Sociolinguistics and Mother-Tongue Education Jenny Cheshire in Ammon, U., Dittmar, N., Mattheier, K., and Trudgill, P. (Eds.), 2
    Sociolinguistics and mother-tongue education Jenny Cheshire In Ammon, U., Dittmar, N., Mattheier, K., and Trudgill, P. (eds.), 2005 Sociolinguistics: an introductory handbook of the science of language and society. 2nd. edition, Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 2341-2350. 1. Introduction 2. Educating the public 3. Educational resources, materials and programmes 4. Research on language variation at school. 4.1. Linguistic variation in speech 4.2. Linguistic variation in writing 5. Conclusion 6. Selected literature 1. Introduction This article deals with the application of work in social dialectology and pidgin and creole studies to some of the problems faced by teachers and pupils in mother-tongue classrooms. The problems I will consider stem from the coexistence in society of nonstandard varieties, spoken by the majority of the population, and a standardised variety, which is the language of education. Sociolinguists disagree about whether a standard variety is best seen as an idealised set of abstract norms about language (Milroy and Milroy 1985;22-3) or as a dialect with a written form that is also spoken by educated members of society (Trudgill 1984:32). But however it is defined, the fact remains that for some children, albeit a relatively small number, the language of their home is the same as or similar to the standard variety, whereas for the majority of children the home language is a nonstandard variety with a range of grammatical and lexical features that differ from the standard. Social tensions between standard and nonstandard varieties come to the fore in the school becuase educational policies endorse the use of the standard.
    [Show full text]
  • Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog 2005-2006 Kentucky Library Research Collections Western Kentucky University, [email protected]
    Western Kentucky University TopSCHOLAR® Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog Kentucky Library - Serials 2005 Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog 2005-2006 Kentucky Library Research Collections Western Kentucky University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ky_hum_council_cat Part of the Public History Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Kentucky Library Research Collections, "Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog 2005-2006" (2005). Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog. Paper 22. https://digitalcommons.wku.edu/ky_hum_council_cat/22 This Magazine is brought to you for free and open access by TopSCHOLAR®. It has been accepted for inclusion in Kentucky Humanities Council Catalog by an authorized administrator of TopSCHOLAR®. For more information, please contact [email protected]. o -N. > Ruth Hanly Catherine \v Booe Connor S-S Vrf Price Hollowell / M Dr. Thomas .Walker i -• -i 2ft;- Whole Humanities Catalog August 1, 2005-July 31, 2006 O ur twentieth-anniversary Whole Humanities Catalog is the biggest yet, offering more than ever before in every category: Featured Speakers (26), Kentucky Writers (8), and Kentucky Chautauqua characters (16)! We thank you for two decades ofunstinting support. We couldn't have done it without you, and we trust you will enjoy reviewing the dozens of great programs our presenters are ready to bring to your community. Contents Credits 1 Speakers Bureau 2 Featured Speakers 3 Kentucky Writers 16 More Speakers 20 Speakers Bureau Travel Map 21 Kentucky Chautauqua 22 Book Discussions 30 Application Instructions 32 Application Forms Inside Back Cover www.kyhumanities.org You'll find this catalog and much more on our web sice. The cover: To learn more about our new Chautauqua characters, turn to page 22.
    [Show full text]