Research Paper (Ecology: Insects) ( : )
"# ! (Sesamia cretica Led.)
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(2010) 2 28 114 ' ' 4 $ 3 (2) / 704.65 * *< 4 +3 º 11 / 601 433 - 'C0 ' 5 = 3 R - 'C0 ' 5 # %90 50 10 !" ( ) : ' + , - $ . * + $ &# # '# # 2 3 4 3 356 & # (3) 01 = / # 6 3 3 # / ' 5 # ' -# 7 !" # 8 9 -: û 8.9 ! # %90 75 50 10 !" -# # 3 3 - . 4 3 715.4 614.9 529.3 441.8 K K # $ + !" ' D 1 ' + + + $ #> &# = $ - $ 4 +3 ; = D A /=1 #@ 4 E - . º 14.56 17.58 ' #0 0 # > - # 0# ' - 4 +3 ; - # 4 ;< 'C0 !" Q 3 (1 ' +) # # C $ #/ !+ 7 & 10 ' 4 # 3 (18) 0 # ' 20 $ 5 #> ? ! E 3 + !" #Ð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n =80) /@ # 13 (n =37) / @3 22 $ # 4 # 0 K # < $ * 3 B = 3 'C0 # (1 ' +) 2004 4 # 50 'E3 $ K # ;< E F #E ' / 20 # 0 + !" ! 3 0# D ## + <0 R T 05 / @ # 13 ' 5 ' $ + !" #"- # U' + 2005 2004 # # 8 E <0 R > B # > # > (1 ' ) 686.3 (n =80) $ PK #": . 4 # + # 5 &# E$ ! E ( 704.6) 2 0# = 3# * 3 .4 < , 3 + 3 # $ ! J 0 ' !" > 2005 # ' 5 ' $ + !" * ' '# # 5 3 2 # (1 ' +) (n=35) / @3 29 # $ 4 @ # # 4 3 &# R E$ (2) º 15.09 (n=28) / @ # 13 '> - T 0 4 @ !" * 3 B ! E# 3 # 4 " <
115 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 28, No. 2 (2010) & (1 ) 2004 + # # + . & ' " 2005 ! # 2004 !# !# % - ) 665.2 # / % 13 $ / # 20 * # " ' .& ' & * ! (1 ! ' + , - $# # + # . / 25 $ + ! - , # 2005 2004 # # 2005 # ! 2004 ! +
+ # " (1 +) ,# # & * / 17 ! (n=23) - / 3 + (n =62) / 31 # - " # (n=29) !# - 2005 ! !# # / 3 ! " 2004 ! - - ) # / % 29 - ' + - * & # ! , " " ( + , ' " $ / 18 ! 18 / 3 / 31 / #! # 763.3 در & ' & ! (1 ) $ (1 ) 806.7 .( 704.6) ! 2004 - ! # & ' # 2005 $# # ,' + # # / 17 # + - - ,' # # / % 22 ! / 31 - $ ' - " .(1 +) / 21 674.4 # ( / 17 # / % 22)
90 ا ات ا دة لadult caught during 2004 2004 80 ا ات ا دة ل adult caught during 2005 2005 70
60
50
40
30 د ا ا ت ادة
20
number of adult in The light traps light The in adult of number 10
0 4/6 5/4 6/1 6/8 7/6 8/3 9/7 3/23 3/30 4/13 4/20 4/27 5/11 5/18 5/25 6/15 6/22 6/29 7/13 7/20 7/27 8/10 8/17 8/24 8/31 9/14 9/21 9/28 10/5 11/2 11/9 12/7 30/11 23/11 16/11 26/10 19/10 12/10 ار Date
.2005 2004 .1 Figure 1. Recorded changes in the number of adults during 2004 and 2005.
(2010) 2 28 116 .2005 2004 .1 Table 1. Dynamics of the adults of the corn stem borer during 2004 and 2005.
The ( /! ) period Date of adult Date of adult Accumulated between emergence emergence peak temperature two peak in current during last (degree/day) peaks generation generation Studied generation 2004 686.3 84 7/13 4/20 ( ) 806.7 73 8/3 5/18 1st generation (produced by adults after overwintering)
674.4 56 8/17 6/22 ( ) ) 2nd generation (lay eggs which produce the 3rd generation)
679.9 84 11/2 8/10 "# $ % % & ' !* ( ) ( ! ) 3rd generation (overwintering generation) which some of its adults 663.2 246 2005/4/20 8/17 emerge at the end of the season
2005 665.2 84 7/13 4/20 ( ) 1st generation (produced by adults after overwintering)
763.3 63 8/31 6/29 ( ) ) 2nd generation (lay eggs which produce the 3rd generation)
687.5 98 11/9 8/3 "# $ % % & ' !* ( ) ( ! ) 3rd generation (overwintering generation) which some of its adults emerge at the end of the season
H %' (2005 +% ) $ / 9 = %G / >< 3 (1 ) H ' "' (1 ) 687.5 ! " # " $ .C & > % +'% ' * $ ( # ) % $ & + ' '$ 3 / 8 % 9 I B$ 8 % * ! .# / $ / " , $ , - 6 / $ +% 7& / " 2, / * # 1 2, / " -3 / % . - " - / 92 / > % 2 1 2, % $ 4 2 / - 2 ' ' J 2 / 6 C , / A7, 5 6$ 7& - 2, / 8 % 9 " " *'# 9& +'% $ (2) (=º 15.09) 96 / *' '$ ' : " 2, 63 ! , "; ' = ' / < 1 ' / 9 / +% * $ * , ' ; 7 ( 6 $ - > ) = / < ' $/ 19 2004 +% 7& $ / 17 ' * '$ 1 # 1 '6 % " 9 ."
"' $ '#J 2005 +% 7& / E 30 (n=5) 2004 +'% $ ' / ' ' 2 @ +% %' " ' / $) 2 5 H " 9 A B$ (n=3) 2005 +% $ / 9 (2) ( + ' / 188.42= +% $ 2 / J ' ' ' 2 / ' " 9 ! " +'% 2 + / 1940.92 H " $ '$ C - ' D' E ' " ' 9 / &F' " 9 ' % 2005 +% 2 + / 1844.12 2004 2005 +'% = %'G / >< 3 2004 +% = %G / >< 10 (2) (704.6) C & > % 2 H " % 2, = %'G / >< 10 ' H ' " > % , .(1 ) +'% 7'& / 8 % 9 E , $ H %' I' ' $ (2004 +% ) $ / 2 2004 '% '% 7'& 2.62 2.75 , - ' > %' H ' " (1 ) 679.9
117 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 28, No. 2 (2010) 2005 2004 ? < < + ; 2005 < + ; 6 (5) ;(8 ' * +" , 7 6 ! " #$# % " & ' " ! (
/ # 6 @ )A G $ 6 6 1 (15) Rivnay ' * +" , - .) & ? / ! B 6 ? 6"/ ! B + @ C / K ( ! " #$# 2 - 3 " 45 "
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( ! @ " * +" 1 (15) Rivnay , < ! . & 6 8 < = =$ & N&; @ < " 6 3+ =$ @ ; ! ( $ 9 A $ 1 ! * > ? N&; @ < (2) () / 704.6) ?9 ! I O > ; ? : ; 6 # ! B !6 ( , 7 (1 ! ) ! ( =$ & ) !$9 Cº 26.9) # ! @ @ ( %90 7 #? " P Q 7 & (3) ? 6 ' * +" ! ( @ !$9 3 (2005 ) !$9 Cº 27 2004 , * 7 : 6 ) / 715.4 * I < E ? ) !$ 9 Cº 22.9 2004 ) !$9 Cº 23.1) ! B
8 ! + ( " (7) 9K Abdel-Wahab ' * +" ( =$ @ 6 , =$ @ ; ! (2005 %90 7 #? 5 ) / 601.66 )6 " , 7 ; ! B ! 3 # !
( ? J$ 9 )G + , @ @ ( #D " * +" 1 (9) El-Deeb : (Cº 15.09) # ? ? @ ! ( E ! #" 3A 6 . ? & 6 ! (Cº 11) 8 ? (Cº 8.9) 7 & ? < ? 7 " ! B ! < F E ! !6 , D E < $ + ? &P ? & ! 6 #& 7 ? G # ! < F E . 6 ; K ) B H & 3 @ @ = A ?6" G < A $ - 3 ! 8 N) @ < ? @ ? < " (1) , !$9 5 8 * < + ; " @ @ ? < ? 8 B ( @ <( " )A '?+ !6+?
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Abstract Mahmalji, M.Z., H.Al-Rouz and M.A.Al-Allan. 2010. Study of Corn Stem Borer Sesamia cretica Led. Flight Curve Based on the Heat Constant. Arab Journal of Plant Protection, 28: 114-119. This study was carried out at the May First Station, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research, Syria, where daily change of adult population of corn stem borer (Sesamia cretica) were monitored by light traps during 2004 and 2005. The main objective was to draw a flight curve for studying different generations of this pest, to be used for devising appropriate integrated pest management (IPM) strategy. Results showed that the adults emerged from diapause on April 13 and March 30 in both seasons, respectively. This study also indicated that this insect had three overlapping generations in the area studied, and analyzed based on the heat constant of the insects calculated in the laboratory. The field generation length varied according to the average current medium temperatures; the first generation lasted from April 20 until August 3 in the year 2004. The second was from June 22 until August 17, and third was from August 10 until November 2; whereas in 2005, the first generation lasted from April 20 until July 13. The second from June 29 until August 31, and the third was from August 3 until November 9. Keywords: Sesamia cretica Led., corn stem borer, heat constant, development threshold, flight curve, Syria, Corresponding author: M.A.Al-Allan, Department of Entomology, Administration of Plant Protection, General Commission for Scientific Agricultural Research. B.O.Box.113, Damascus, Syria, E-mail: [email protected]
(2010) 2 28 118 References
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Received: October 12, 2008; Accepted: June 7, 2010 2010/6/7 : 2008/10/12 :
119 Arab J. Pl. Prot. Vol. 28, No. 2 (2010)