International Artillery Symposium German Artillery School IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY

POC: Lieutenant Colonel Lutz Altekrüger Phone: +49 6781 51-2559 E-Mail: lutzaltekrueger@bundeswehr.org

06–10 October, 2014

International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

CONTENT

5 INTRODUCTION Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and Deputy General of German Artillery

7 LEADING ARTICLE “Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)” Lieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG

11 INPUT ARTICLE Capability Development from a Single Source Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center, COLOGNE

17 INPUT ARTICLE Joint Fire Support (JFS) Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG

SCHEDULE 19 ARRIVAL 21 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 1 23 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 2 25 MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 3 25 DEPARTURE

27 EXHIBITORS

29 VENUE & ACCOMODATION

32 Imprint

33 EDITORIAL CONTRIBUTIONS

Military and industry speakers are kindly requested to make the contributions/ articles available on a data medium for being included in the next artillery magazine ZU GLEICH in december 2014. Preferably in english and german.

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Introduction

Colonel Fiepko Kolman, Deputy Commander of German Artillery School and Deputy General of German Artillery

I have the great pleasure to welcome you to the International Artillery Symposium 2014 at the Artillery School in IDAR-OBERSTEIN. Brigadier General Hupka, the acting School Commander, asked me to give his best regards to you. His duty location is currently TAMPA/FLA, where he is Chief, German Liaison Team with USCENTCOM until early 2015. This annual International Artillery Symposium has become a tradition meanwhile, emphasizing the increasing significance of the multinational integration of our armed forces and in particular field artillery. International operations such as the 12 years in AFGHANISTAN showed us clearly the capabilities and limitations of multinationality. The lessons learned there form the basis for further considerations regarding international cooperation. It can be stated that in many cases we have had a much better multinational cooperation in theater than during routine operation, training and exercises. ‘Joint’ and ‘combined’ are the two challenges we have to cope with. Although the ‘combined’ approach is very hard to implement we sometimes have to realize that ‘joint’ can even harder be achieved. At times it may be easier to come to terms with a French gunner than with German Air Force. Regarding the ‘combined’ approach, however, we can produce a number of achievements. There are the ASCA interface, the EFCS of the MLRS launcher, the PzH 2000 training cooperation with our Dutch friends, the DEU/AUT/CHE/NLD Artillery Talks, to mention only some prominent examples. All our efforts have only one goal, to optimize the effectiveness, the striking power of the forces employed. Quite honestly, the available financial resources in almost all nations will force us to increase and extend cooperation, more or less gently. Considering only the cooperation of field artillery and mortars falls short of the mark. We gunners, the core element of Joint Fire Support, will have to live up to our spearheading role in concentrating effects, bringing to bear our expertise. Joint training, exercises and operations must be intensified step by step, as well as the efforts to standardize equipment, to take full advantage of the available resources. Only if we succeed in doing so we will have done our homework, making sure that our soldiers stand their ground in operations with equal training and equally good equipment. I wish all of us some interesting days with lively debates, fruitful exchange of ideas and new concepts and thoughts to cope with the emerging challenges.

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“Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire (JFS/ IndirF)” a contribution of the Army to joint mission performance and international training cooperation

Lieutenant General Bruno Kasdorf, Chief of Staff, Army, STRAUSBERG

The initial situation The Objective Germany’s Army Command is not the only military Unlike NATO’s operative Joint Fire process, the command to be forced to gear its concepts and German approach to JFS is geared to direct support at activities to the need to consolidate because of tight tactical level. Given the large number of national and financial and demographic resources, but also to multinational sensors, airborne, sea and land based anticipate the requirements of future operations. weapon systems and command and control systems, JFS is a complex task. It is essential to orchestrate The framework conditions for preventive security in the available reconnaissance, target acquisition and Germany have changed fundamentally over the past target engagement spectrum without time-consuming twenty years. Today we are facing an unpredictable planning and decision-making processes to ensure and ever increasing number of regional conflicts fire support of patrols, convoys, platoons, maneuver with a risk potential by the activities of asymmetric companies or task forces against unexpected targets opponents. In that contect controlling urban centers at tactical level. It is irrelevant who provides fire is essential for establishing and maintaining public support and by means of what weapon systems. order. Our own forces regularly have to operate in The crucial factor is that fire of the quality required is large urban areas, always in direct contact with the delivered on target and in time. civilian population, and often enough it is hardly possible to tell uninvolved persons from opponents. Implementation Also, they are frequently employed in overextended areas where an opponent may unexpectedly gain JFS is coordinated and performed by the German superiority, albeit limited in space and time. Army within the scope of tasks carried out for all arms and services of the Bundeswehr - in other words: the During such operations the projection of kinetic effect German Army performs an interservice function. is an indispensable precondition for success. Besides the capability of exercising rapid, flexible and precise Within the Army the artillery has lead responsibility escalation and de-escalation, the essential factors representing the main element of fire support. Apart in such operations are ensuring force protection, from the Army Aviation’s TIGER attack helicopter the preventing collateral damage, and complying with artillery with its formations provides the majority of the the restrictions imposed by Rules of Engagement. In target engagement and target acquisition systems addition, the need for the military leader to be advised as the Army contribution to JFS. Also the majority of in questions of fire support in land operations must the JFS coordination elements are structurally and also be satisfied procedurally replicated by the artillery. In addition, the artillery is also responsible for all team training of Operations in Afghanistan in the area of responsibility the coordination elements. of RC North exemplified for the first time how the above mentioned requirements to Joint Fire Support were The chief tasks of all JFS coordination elements are successfully met. During live firing JFS demonstrated joint fire support planning, coordination at the relevant its capabilities, its importance and its relevance and levels, and its implementation. Finally, the artillery proved that with standardized procedures, high-quality performs advisory functions for commanders, military training and common thinking and acting even under leaders and headquarters regarding the capabilities the most difficult conditions successful fire support can of the weapon systems employed at the various be provided in a “joint and combined” approach. tactical levels.

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Figure 1: JFS Coordination Elements

The tactical freedom of action of own forces can be artillery firings during multinational exercises such as significantly enhanced for military leaders conducting COMBINED ENDEAVOR 2013 at GRAFENWÖHR, land operations mainly by using the capability profile of BOLD QUEST in the USA in May 2014, and the artillery battalions and the capabilities of airborne and participation of German forces in Italian live firing sea-based weapon systems. They are in a position exercises in spring this year. to project rapid and precise stand-off effects against Consequences for Training and a broad target spectrum in almost any weather con- Internationalization ditions, by day and night, under threat and even in complex terrain. One-on-one combat situations can Standardized NATO procedures apply for JFS when thus be avoided or minimized, battles can be decided using Close Air Support (CAS), Close Combat Attack before they start. In addition, the prerequisites can be (CCA), Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) und established for responding flexibly and promptly to the Indirect Fire (IF). Fire support using ground-based development of the situation and for creating and shif as well as sea-based and airborne effectors in a ting main efforts as required with the aim to gain and complex operational environment requires technically maintain the initiative on the ground with fire support. competent, very well trained personnel familiar with working on a multinational scale. Particularly against The artillery with its four re-structured battalions sup- the backdrop of maintaining the acquired competence ports land operations in all task and intensity spec- after Afghanistan and ever tighter resources, trums. With their new internal structure the artillery internationalization of training offers an option of battalions are adjusted to the requirements of today’s maintaining and raising the level of quality as well and future operational scenarios and practically have as sustainability in the field of JFS. At the same time the same organization; for the first time each forma- the costs for this complex and lengthy training can be tion features nearly all capabilities - command and kept in check. control, reconnaissance and target acquisition as well as target engagement. Using the ADLER command, The German Army is currently improving the JFS control and weapon employment system, a central coordination elements training capability at the element of JFS, and the interface teams all com- future JFS and Indirect Fire Training Unit at IDAR- mand, control, coordination and weapon systems in OBERSTEIN. Besides indirect fire assets mainly Air the JFS integrated system can seamlessly exchange Force and Army Aviation personnel will be integrated the data required for fire support. with NSFS to be included for training procedures. Even now the ASCA interface (Artillery Systems The available infrastructure at the present Artillery Cooperation Activities) permits real-time cooperation School, the BAUMHOLDER Major Training Area with between France, Italy, Turkey, the United States its possibilities for CAS and live indirect fire as well as a and Germany that extends even to live firing. The nearby fighter bomber wing offer excellent conditions extraordinary capability for international cooperation for training and exercises. This is optimized by the is emphasized by the very good results of common existing simulator landscape and a NATO-certified

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JFST simulator available from 2015. The objective is JFS is a fine example of what is meant when we talk to offer international partners the use of these training about the future viability of land forces: besides the facilities for conducting courses in order to provide serious considerations regarding the further develop- a verifiable qualitative and quantitative contribution ment of joint training, contemplating ways of design- to the JFS capability provision to NATO in the ing training cooperation with foreign partners is of tre- Priority Shortfall Area “Joint Fire” as part of “smart mendous importance. In a combined effort of sharing cooperation”. tasks, our Army offers allies and partners many opportunities of integrating their contributions in a flexible Strictly speaking, we have already adopted the and synergetic way into the Army set of forces - on course towards international integration. This is the other hand, however, our contributions will have to highlighted, for instance, by the promotion of the stay admissible to international structures, too. Dutch-Belgian-German project GRIFFIN as well as the consolidation of the existing training cooperation Our objective is to improve - in close cooperation with the Netherlands, Austria and France. These with our partners - both the operational effectiveness represent already significant development steps in standby commitments and permanent missions, towards a multinationally designed training facility. and efficiency in establishing operational readiness overall. With the JFS/Indirect Fire Training Unit at Summary and Outlook IDAR-OBERSTEIN the Army will remain in step with In future, the operational effectiveness of land forces the National Level of Ambition as it continues to will experience a significant boost by JFS and the reliably make its contribution to joint and multinational close cooperation with our partner forces - by stand- operations as a backing partner in an international off projection of precise effect with assets adjusted to environment. the specific area, time and tactical purpose.

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IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

Capability Development from a Single Source Status Quo – Achievements to Date – Outlook

Major General Erhard Drews, Commander Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center, COLOGNE

Army Concepts and Capabilities significance. In addition, the Center develops Development Center organizational basics, participates in realizing the target organization, contributes to basing plans, and Single-Stage Capability Development prepares infrastructural requirements. The implementation of new processes is one of The Army Concepts and Capabilities Development the focal points in the framework of the Bundes Center is thus an essential element of the Army for wehr’s reorientation aimed at a streamlined performing the tasks listed here. The requirement and equally effective structure. Along with the profile of the armed forces and therefore consequently introduction of an Integrated Planning Process of the Army, known as the Level of Ambition, is of and the amendment of Customer Product particular importance. Constant comparisons of the Management (CPM), Army capability development actual requirements to the current capability profile was fundamentally modified. reveal a delta, i.e. a capability gap, to be closed by Until the end of March 2013 a two-stage system was means of specific further developments in the fields used for capability development - with the Future of concepts and materiel, for instance by initiating a Development Departments at the Army Schools as new armaments project. the first and the Army Office as the second level. For mission accomplishment and in the course of After the disbandment of the Future Development consistent process orientation, a revolutionary Departments on 31 Mar 2013 and the formation of approach was pursued for the transition from the the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Army Office to the Army Concepts and Capabilities Center on 1 Apr 2013, the single-stage capability Development Center by establishing a matrix development system was implemented. organization with flat hierarchies in otherwise very Mission hierarchic structures such as the military. As directed by the Headquarters of the German Organization Army the Army Concepts and Capabilities For the purpose of the Army Concepts and Capability Development Center is responsible for Army Development Center this organizational design concepts, further development and organization. implies that both the technical and branch-specific In an overall approach it identifies and prepares all work in the divisions is controlled by capability and relevant capabilities, concepts and organizational project-oriented coordination, - work that covers foundations for the further development of the Army, all aspects of Army development planning from provides guidance for training and instruction, and concepts, command and control, training and assists the Headquarters of the German Army with instruction, organization to the further development preparing contributions to the Bundeswehr Plan. In of equipment. This approach requires and promotes the context of future development, contributions to comprehensive perception and is characterized by the Bundeswehr capability posture are of special high flexibility and effectiveness.

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Figure 1: Matrix Organization Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Center

Accordingly, the Center comprises four divisions: What makes this pilot function for joint fire support unique is that as a matter of principle it is performed - Division I Policy/Integration, from a joint and combined perspective. In other words, - Division II Combat, it was necessary to overcome the orientation towards the interests of the own branch to accomplish the - Division III Intelligence and Reconnaissance/ primary tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch to obtain Support, a larger overall picture and to include the interests of - Division IV C-IED the other services and major organizational elements into the capability development process. Pilot Functions In addition to the original mission, the Army Concepts Branch III 2 JFS/ Indirect Fire and Capabilities Development Center performs pilot The chronological and contents-specific relevance of functions for the armed forces and/or the Bundeswehr, the JFS pilot function lies in its joint and multinational drawing on the branch-specific competence of the orientation as well as in the significance for operations divisions. Capability development tasks in these fields across the current and future operational spectrums. were transferred to the Army, specifically to the Army This emphasizes the importance of JFS and indicates Concepts and Capabilities Development Center. the major responsibility of the Army. The medium-term Apart from the pilot functions in terms of Counter- goal of the Federal Ministry of Defense for the year IED, the Bundeswehr HUMINT service and explosive 2015 categorizes Joint Fire Support as Intermediate ordnance disposal, the Joint Fire Support/Indirect Objective 1, to be implemented not later than 2019. Fire Branch bears overall responsibility for joint fire Essential JFS projects rank high on the priority list for support within the Intelligence and Reconnaissance/ the Financial Requirements Analysis. Support Division.

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Besides the overarching JFS pilot function the JFS/ operations, the number of JFST required rises to 72. Indirect Fire Branch has the task to ensure the Of the total of 72 Joint Fire Support Teams planned, conceptual development of JFS, of the field artillery 32 are to be equipped with the FENNEK vehicle. The and the whole field of indirect fires for the full mission vehicles procured to date cover just under a third of spectrum, to update the Joint Fire Support/Indirect the actual requirement for this vehicle type. Therefore, Fire/Field Artillery (artillery) capability posture, to the objective of the initiative is to provide these JFST control the preparation of conceptual targets for the with a sufficient number of vehicles that have the further development of the structure, organization, necessary protection level and degree of mobility and training as well as equipment, and finally to safeguard tally with the sustainability of the supported infantry the interests of the Army with regard to Fire Support/ forces. Indirect Fire/Field Artillery by the appointment of For the support of armored troops the initiative Joint Authorized Representatives of the Army under the Fire Support Team heavy (JFST hvy) was prepared amended CPM. and submitted to the Planning Office. The capability gap to be closed with this initiative was identified Status quo of Selected Branch III 2 JFS/ with regard to the vehicle equipment for those Indirect Fire Task Areas JFST allocated to support the mechanized forces. One of the main tasks of the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch Currently, there is no suitable vehicle available to is the preparation of initiatives. The ongoing process support these forces in all types and intensities of reconciling the current capability profile with existing of combat in both symmetrical and asymmetrical force requirements, which de facto is a continuous operations. It is therefore the objective of the initiative target/actual comparison, entails that initiatives are to ensure that these JFST are provided with vehicles prepared to launch an armament project to close an whose equipment guarantees the protection level, the identified capability gap. degree of mobility and the sustainability adequate to the needs of the mechanized forces to be supported. Preparation of Initiatives – Current Status of JFS Projects

Figure 3: JFSCG Concept

The Bundeswehr Planning Office submitted a positive assessment proposal to the Federal Figure 2: FENNEK JFST Ministry of Defense regarding the implementation of the initiative to establish twelve Joint Fire Support Within the scope of the project Joint Fire Support Coordination Groups (JFSCG). At the brigade and Team light, motorized, vehicle type FENNEK, division levels, JFS command and control will in future configuration Joint Fire Support Team, an initiative for be exercised by JFSCGs. The JFSCGs will thus be the conversion of scout vehicles to JFST FENNEK integrated into the brigade and/or division command was prepared and submitted to the Bundeswehr post in order to implement the effects requests into Planning Office through German Army Headquarters. engagement processes. The joint employment of The intention behind the conversion of unused scout effectors in the framework of JFS as well as the vehicles to JFST FENNEK was to achieve a capability multinational integration of armed forces gain for Joint Fire Support at an early stage. Since the place new demands on time and level-appropriate HEER2011 Army structure is consistently focused on information supply.

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An integral part of the appropriate C2 facility, all expert meetings to afford all persons involved the capabilities required for JFS, for the first time, are opportunity to obtain a common situation picture, to now concentrated functionally, locally and under a identify any need for action whenever possible, and unified command. At the tactical level, the JFSCG to launch first measures, wherever necessary. constitutes the interface to other services and allied nations. The initial operational capability of the Army Indirect Fire Munitions Expert Meeting JFSCG is scheduled for the period 2017-2020. Being responsible for the further development The Technical Data Link Joint Fire Support Interface of indirect fire in the Army, the JFS/Indirect Fire Team Initial Operational Capability provides the Branch, in November 2013, organized for the JFSCG with the national and multinational information first time an expert meeting on indirect fires access to indirect fire, to attack helicopters of the munitions with the cooperation and participation ground forces as well as to air and naval forces. of representatives from all major organizational Following completion of the required works in the elements. Participants of the meeting were able to wake of the operational suitability test, delivery to define a common coordination point for the further the units will occur in parallel with the International development of the topics and problems discussed Artillery Symposium on 7 Oct 2014. The interface in the field of munitions, including the requirement team marks a big step toward network enabled and allocation of training ammunition as well as operation capability for JFS. It ensures a smooth, the development of mortar, rocket, cannon and near-real time and valid information exchange during precision ammunition. A second Munitions Expert operations of all intensities. Initially, a total of four Meeting is scheduled for October 2014. interface teams will be procured. Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting Similar to the Munitions Expert Meeting, the JFS/ Indirect Fire Branch conducted - in the framework of its JFS pilot function for the Bundeswehr - the first Joint Fire Support Expert Meeting of the Army Con- cepts and Capabilities Development Center in Jan- uary 2014. The attendance of more than 60 experts from all major military organizational elements highlighted the great significance of JFS for the armed forces and emphasized the huge joint interest. The goal was to establish and/or improve the manifold work relations to all major military organizational elements and across all levels, besides creating a common situation picture and identifying any need for action in all fields. The focus of the second JFS Expert Meeting scheduled in late 2014, will be on a review of the discussions held on Figure 4: TDL JFS IT IOC topics such as maneuver forces’ requirements in terms of fire support, lessons learned on operations, Army, Air Force and Navy prepared mutually current and future efforts for internationalization as prioritized solution proposals for a Joint Fire Support well as current attempts to improve target locating Training Simulator to be submitted for selection. A accuracy and the use of precision ammunition. selection decision can be expected soon, since the project has already been earmarked in the 2014 Artillery Command and Control Circuit Financial Requirements Analysis, thus getting the Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect Fire was also tasked with budgetary preconditions for a speedy procurement convening the Artillery Command and Control Circuit off the ground. to conduct an artillery expert meeting in March 2014. This meeting was of particular importance and had Activities Reaching Across Subcapabilities an external impact since it was the first one of its kind Soon after a dynamic phase of establishing the held under the responsibility of the Army Concepts Army Concepts and Capabilities Development and Capabilities Development Center after its Center, the JFS/Indirect Fire Branch initiated several establishment on 1 Apr 2014.

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In addition to the participants who already had International Training Cooperation attended the previous expert meetings, the most important attendees, however, were battalion JFS is not a national, German approach. Instead, from commanders and their deputies. the very beginning, it has been geared towards Joint and Combined in the light of mission orientation and The intention was to show the commanders particu- standardized multinational planning and operational larly the immediate instruments and tools offered by procedures. This has a decisive influence on the the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development development of national doctrine and regulations. Center’s JFS/Indirect Fire Branch. Consequently, both the Tactical Doctrine and regulations must be compatible with NATO standards During the meeting, the focus was put on the and the equipment, mainly radios, command and comparison of the current state of affairs with future control assets, needs to be interoperable. In this developments in terms of technology, structures, context, international training cooperation and the procedures and provision of resources, which updating of standardization processes may yield resulted in the identification of joint fields of activity considerable capability gains and a high amount of and concrete measures derived from them. knowledge for all parties involved. The main part of the meeting consisted of A number of cooperation projects or efforts to presentations describing the individual situations of cooperate with European nations in the fields of Joint our artillery battalions. Presentations dealing with Fire Support and artillery are currently being planned all primary staff functions and future challenges or are to be implemented soon. At present and in provided all agencies, centers and institutions with future, JFS offers a significant cooperation potential first-hand information about the situation in the units since JFS capabilities are being prioritized by partner and enabled them to identify any required support nations, have proven well in multinational operations activities in their respective area of responsibility. and are based on NATO standards.

Figure 5: International Cooperation

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With the JFS Training Center established at the Outlook Artillery School in Idar-Oberstein (in future: JFS/ The streamlined and effective structures introduced Indirect Fire Training Unit), DEU has already with the HEER2011 Army reorientation process implemented a specialized training facility. In spawned a new single-stage capability development conjunction with the excellent training and exercise that affords the opportunity to advance the operational conditions for indirect fire and Close Air Support by capability of both artillery and joint fire support jointly both rotary and fixed wing aircraft on the adjacent and across all military organizational elements and Baumholder Military Training Area, the JFS/Indirect thus contribute to strengthening the overall focus of Fire training unit offers great potential for further the armed forces on missions. This opportunity must expansion. The goal is to create a training facility for be seized. joint fire support and indirect fire, where international instructors teach and international students learn. To In this context, the JFS pilot function is a good ex- meet this goal all cooperation fields are concentrated ample of the benefits that can be attained from ar- under the responsibility of Branch III 2 JFS/Indirect maments and training cooperation when the various Fire both technically and as point of contact for the military organizational elements and nations involved cooperation partners. close ranks. It is true that the German artillery with its only four active battalions looks like a small compo- The main focus is placed on the German-Dutch nent at first sight. But the integrated system of sys- cooperation with the project GRIFFIN and the tems comprising command, control, reconnaissance, German-French cooperation with the common target acquisition, surveillance and weapon systems GMLRS (Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System) included in each battalion describes a comprehen- Unitary doctrine prepared in 2013/2014. Since late sive system whose elements are the basis for an in- last year, the Branch has been in direct contact with ternationally oriented, successful fire support. AUT regarding a future JFS training cooperation. Talks with Belgium have commenced in spring of this The JFS/Indirect Fire Branch constitutes the agency- year. level link tasked with advancing such developments, and can best be described by its motto: “Where there’s a will, there’s a way; where there’s no will, there’s an excuse!”

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Joint Fire Support (JFS)

Major General Walter Spindler, Commander Army Training Command, LEIPZIG

JFS on the medium-range artillery rocket system MARS II/ Guided Multiple Launch Rocket System (GMLRS), JFS is conceived to use the best suited national or cooperation with AUSTRIA and the NETHERLANDS multinational weapon systems available in the area is currently intensified in the field of Joint Fire Support. of operations to ensure direct and responsive tactical Bi- or multinational cooperation, however, still differs support in the network of reconnaissance, command in intensity and depth so that a differentiated analysis and control, effects, and support. In doing so the Joint of the respective current status is required. Fire Support Coordination Elements (JFSCE) (for example Joint Fire Teams (JFST) at the major unit Training Cooperation level) provide advice to the maneuver commanders Intensified cooperation efforts with AUSTRIA in and ensure coordination of weapon systems and 2013 have had a positive impact on development of employment of both ground-based indirect fire cooperation on current and future common training. weapons (artillery, mortar, navy) and airborne For the first time, an Austrian instructor attended the weapon systems. Ensuring appropriate tie-in, the Joint Fire Support Team course at the German Artillery JFSCE integrates under unified command all eligible School Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training reconnaissance, target location and fire support Unit (ZA STF) as an observer. Following coordination systems of the joint/ combined forces to allow near meetings in November 2013 when similar efforts in real time responsive and effective employment of building up a JFS organization were outlined, areas these systems even at low tactical level. This implies of potential cooperation shall be identified and the capability to provide airspace coordination and enhanced. The fact that there is no “language barrier” requires coordination elements at the appropriate has proven to be a distinct benefit especially with level. regard to course-based training. Training and Simulation GERMAN-NETHERLANDS cooperation has been Current Status implemented by creation of the Army Steering Group (ASG) and is examplary for international In the field of indirect fire and joint fire support cooperation. Major examples in the field of JFS/ (Indirect Fire/ JFS), cooperation on training and IndirF are increased cooperation on team training instruction is currently maintained and extended with at the German Artillery School Joint Fire Support several European nations. Examples are common Training Unit, and Business Case (BC) 1.1 as part activities with AUSTRIA, FRANCE, SWITZERLAND, of the ASG Training & Operations Cluster with the ITALY, GREAT BRITAIN, and the NETHERLANDS, first training completed in 2013, including live fire the latter having been a partner in bi-national exercise GRIFFIN STRIKE which will be organized training and instruction projects for over 10 years. on a larger scale in 2014. BC 1.1 focuses specifically However, extending cooperation hitherto achieved on Joint Fire Support Team training and instruction at the bi-national level to include standardized and of both nations and enhances cooperation intensity multinational cooperation is new and currently pushed by successive development of training breadth and ahead. depth. In this context international cooperation is maintained Simulation in highly diverse fields of JFS and Indirect Fire respectively. While cooperation has been initiated The demands for economic efficiency, limited and already implemented for example with FRANCE availability of major equipment, environmental

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controls and technical capabilities enhance the and AUSTRIA. Beyond that observers from the requirement for simulation-based training. NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, AUSTRIA and BELGIUM are expected to attend the GRIFFIN STRIKE 2014 The artillery employs Virtual Battle Space 2 (VBS Exercise. 2) software which even in its current experimental configuration allows training at the highest level A differentiated analysis of individual bi-national independent of the system equipment. As procedure training cooperation in the field of JFS/ IndirF is and action trainer for the Joint Fire Support Team currently strongly enhanced and pushed towards (JFST) the simulator can be used at the low and common training. A major challenge in this context is medium tactical levels to exercise practical and cost- to extend future training cooperation to a multinational intensive training phases suitable to the situation and harmonized training level rather than hold on and mission while saving resources. Beyond to the bi-national level. Burden sharing as already JFST training, VBS 2 can also be employed during implemented through participation of German fundamental training of Forward Air Controllers, army students in Close Combat Attack (CCA) training and formations, and course-based initial and follow-on Fire Support Officer training at the NETHERLANDS leadership training. Artillery School will in the future also increasingly be taken into account in the field of individual and team Equipping the artillery with a specific simulator for training. Future common training and instruction JFST training is scheduled for the future and currently projects have a distinct savings potential for all being implemented. In this context the Artillery School nations involved, which is essential to accomplish the shall use the JFST Training Simulator for team training, assigned tasks and meet the challenges of a dynamic JFST predeployment training, and recertification of and complex operational environment in view of FACs pursuant to NATO guidelines. The JFST training decreasing defense budgets. simulator may also be used on all JFST workstations as part of individual training to ensure in-depth action Due to the high priorisation of Joint Fire Support training during course-based observer training. In the and its significance for military operations, training course of predeployment training the JFST training must be appropriate to the level and aligned with simulator shall additionally be used to achieve and the mission requirements. Today and in the future develop security of action across the complex JFST “joint” and “combined” are key terms to success in mission spectrum by providing mission-oriented and multinational operations. Internationally harmonized realistic training. training standards in conjunction with a uniform “working language” will be future challenges for Apart from considerable reduction of training costs, further development of training. increased availability of sophisticated JFS training simulators, especially for JFST training, provides With its growth potential the Joint Fire Support and significant improvement of the training quality. These Indirect Fire Training Unit of IDAR-OBERSTEIN simulation-based training assets make the Artillery can and should play a key role. Pursuant to current School an interesting and sought-after partner for planning until 2024 the medium-term objective multinational training cooperation. therefore is to develop the Joint Fire Support and Indirect Fire Training Unit into an international Joint Way Ahead Fire training and instruction center. The Artillery School conducts Joint Fire Support courses already this year with the participation “We soldiers of the Army – of students from the NETHERLANDS, FRANCE, training is our passion!”

18 International Artillery Symposium 2014 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

ARRIVAL Monday, 06 October 2014

ARRIVAL & “CHECK IN“ HOTEL OPAL

17:45 SHUTTLE SERVICE TO OFFICERS MESS

18:30 WELCOME ICEBREAKER AND SALUTATION DINNER

22:00 TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL

DRESS CODE: CASUAL

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International Artillery Symposium 2014 19 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

JOINT FIRES TRAINING LEARNING - THE RIGHT WAY With less access to live air assets and mand and control of airspace and the subsequent reduction in available strategic assets. training time, combined with an Using the same JFIST® software, the increasing demand for the training system can be delivered either as a of Land/Air/Sea integration, there is large-scale centre of excellence, as an increasing need for a cost-effec- a classroom trainer or as a porta- tive virtual training system capable ble system delivered to theatres of of training the various roles in the operation. JFIST® provides the full JFIST® provides training for: Joint Fires domain. JFIST® from range of training capabilities, all • JTAC/FAC Saab is a reliable Joint Fires training implemented to meet and exceed the • FO, FSO, LO system which enables the effective requirements of existing internatio- • Personnel in JFC and TOC training of all levels in the complex nal standards including the JTAC • Platform and sensor operators Joint Fires process from individual MOA and STANAG 3797 tactical drills through to the com-

www.saabgroup.com

20 International Artillery Symposium 2014 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 1 Tuesday, 07 October 2014

08:30 TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:45 OFFICIAL OPENING CEREMONY

09:00 CHAIRMAN‘S OPENING ADDRESS & ADMIN REMARKS

09:30 BRIEFINGS

10:30 HAND OVER “Joint Fire Interface Team“

12:30 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:40 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION

15:20 Exhibition/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY

16:45 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

17:30 TRANSFER TO WINE-RESTAURANT

19:00 DINNER & WINE TASTING

22:00 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU / CASUAL for DINNER & WINE TASTING

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International Artillery Symposium 2014 21 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

EXCURSION WINE TASTING

Barbara Wollschied from Altbamberg is the 52th Nahe-Wine Queen 2013/14

We are trying to create special wines from our home region of the River Nahe.

22 International Artillery Symposium 2014 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 2 Wednesday, 08 October 2014

07:45 TRANSFER TO RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:00 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ DISCUSSION

12:30 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:30 DEMONSTRATION JOINT FIRE SUPPORT

15:30 Exhibition/ PRESENTATION OF DEFENCE INDUSTRY

18:00 DINNER IDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN (RECIPE ON THE NEXT PAGE)

22:00 TRANSFER TO HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU

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International Artillery Symposium 2014 23 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

EXCURSION IDAR-OBERSTEINER SPIESSBRATEN

Only to let you know what we want you to eat on Day 2

INGREDIENTS

Beef: Roastbeef, loin, best end ribs, use only tender meat Pork: loin, pork chops, ham, pork chops from neck. Please note: The meat should be 3 to 5 cm thick, raw weight per person approximately 300 to 400 grams. Seasoning: Onions, salt, pepper and garlic

RECIPE

Approximately 6 to 10 hours prior to final cooking, sprinkle salt and pepper on the meat slices. Peal onions and cut them in slices. Season onions with salt and pepper. Then cover the meat with the seasoned onion slices. Heat an open fireplace using beech- or oakwood. Before putting the meat on the grill, fill it with little onion and garlic pieces. Put the meat on the grill and roast them shortly on both sides using a high flame to seal the pores of the meat. Then roast the meat on low flame with lots of glowing fire. Cooking time is approximately 20 to 30 minutes depending on the weight of the meat. The “Spiessbraten” is usually ready when the meat juice is noticeable on top of the meat.

24 International Artillery Symposium 2014 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

MAIN CONFERENCE DAY 3 Thursday, 09 October 2014

07:45 TRANSFER TO THE RILCHENBERG BARRACKS

08:00 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS

12:00 NETWORKING LUNCH

13:30 BRIEFINGS/ NATIONAL LECTURES/ PRESENTATIONS

14:30 DISCUSSION INTRODUCED BY DCOM ARTYSCHOOL CLOUSING REMARKS

15:30 SIGHTSEEING IDAR-OBERSTEIN

19:00 FORMAL FAREWELL DINNER IN THE OFFICERS MESS WELCOME BY THE LORD MAYOR IDAR-OBERSTEIN

23:00 TRANSFER TO THE HOTEL

DRESS CODE: BDU / JACKET & TIE FOR THE FORMAL DINNER

DEPARTURE Friday, 10 October 2014

DEPARTURE

TRANSFER ORGANIZED BY ARTILLERY SCHOOL

International Artillery Symposium 2014 25 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014 DEFENCE DEMANDS CAPABILITIES lock on to mbda solutions

MBDA GERMANY – THE SYSTEMS HOUSE FOR GUIDED MISSILES AND AIR DEFENCE

The moment in which competence and experience are put to the test: that is the moment we live and work for. We place our extensive skills and many years of experience at the service of our armed forces. Adressing the full range of Joint Fire Support requirements.

www.mbda-systems.com

26 International Artillery Symposium 2014

BE/control_185x270_uk.indd 1 20/08/2014 14:26 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

EXHIBITORS

International Artillery Symposium 2014 27 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

28 International Artillery Symposium 2014 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014

VENUE & ACCOMODATION

Opal Hotel Idar-Oberstein

Mainzer Straße 34 55743 Idar-Oberstein Phone: +49 6781 56295-0 Fax: +49 6781 56295-333 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.opal-hotel.de

International Artillery Symposium 2014 29 DEDICATED TO SOLUTIONS

JOINT FIRE SUPPORT

We have many years of experience in developing command, control, weapon deployment and simulation systems for Joint Fire Support (JFS). Our sensor-to-shooter and support network is tried, tested and sustainable – and due to our system expertise completely manageable.

ESG ELEKTRONIKSYSTEM- UND LOGISTIK-GMBH Tel. +49 89 [email protected]

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Our product range contains more than 150.000 items, partly available from stock

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e-mail: [email protected] web: www.glueckauf-logistik.de Landgraf Karl Str. 1 34131 Kassel Germany Tel: +49 (0) 561 93579-0 Fax: +49 (0)561 93579-44

31 International Artillery Symposium

IDAR-OBERSTEIN/ GERMANY October 06 – 10, 2014 Automation of Combat Systems Imprint Using the Example of Tube Artillery The information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014“ is created, produced and distributed under the custo- dianship of Colonel Fiepko Koolman, Deputy Commander of the Artillery School and Deputy Director of Artillery, for the military and civilian participants of the symposium as well as other Bundeswehr agencies. Publisher: Colonel ret.. Thomas Altenhof Automizing combat systems has been pursued over time - Fully automatic projectile handling and loading E-Mail: [email protected] with various objectives. - High mobility on roads and cross country Responsible for content and editorial work: Lieutenant Colonel Thomas Hör Initially reducing the workload for the crew was the first After a development phase and comparison testing the Am Rilchenberg 30 priority. contract was awarded to KMW. After another phase of de- D-55743 Idar-Oberstein Meanwhile aspects like the reduction of personnel and op- velopment and the series maturity phase, extensive tests Tel civ: +49 6781 51-1293 erational costs, and also strict demands for further improv- and proving were conducted with four prototypes leading Tel civ: +49 6781 51-1031 ing the protection of the deployed soldiers while decreas- to the order of 185 series systems for Germany in 1998. Tel mil: 90 4710 1293 ing weight at the same time have gained significance. Tel mil: 90 4710 1031 When speaking of self-propelled artillery unique features Fax: +49 6781 51-1555 The urge for automation becomes clear when viewing the of the PzH 2000 were then and are still today: E-Mail: [email protected] global tendency towards unmanned aircraft as well as land - Cadency of 8 to 10 rounds per minute The information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” and all articles and photos contained are protected by systems. The use of remote-controlled and in some situ- copyright. Any utilization beyond the limits of copyright and without permission of the Deputy Commander of the Artillery ations autonomously acting air-supported reconnaissance - Autonomy of each individual weapon system in School and Deputy Director of Artillery is prohibited and is an offence. This applies in particular to any duplication, translati- and fighting drones has already become reality. Also on navigation and fire control on, microfilming, storage, and processing in electronic systems. Opinions and ratings expressed not necessarily reflect the the ground the US Army for example deploys unmanned - Large combat load of 60 rounds and high cadency view of the custodian or the responsible editor. The editorial staff also reserves the right to select and abridge contributions. systems to support the soldiers. The responsibility for company contributions lies with the respective company. The Deputy Commander of the Artillery which is assured over the complete combat load of 60 School and Deputy Director of Artillery and the Artillery School are not responsible and liable for the content of company In the next 10 to 20 years even fully autonomous sys- rounds contributions. tems, especially in the field of aircrafts, are to be expect- - Quick resupply of the combat load by the howitzer The copyright for the information brochure “International Artillery Symposium 2014” applies also to the internet homepage ed. In specialist publications and several studies the goal crew of the “Freundeskreis der Artillerietruppe e. V” and to the internet homepage of the “International Artillery Symposium 2014”. that an operator monitors several combat systems and The legal basis for the imprint is German legislation. that the system can also make decisions independently - Unrestricted operation in all azimuth and elevation are discussed. This development benefits from technical angles progress, for example miniaturization of processors and - Reduced crew and operation of the PzH 2000 sensors, as well as efficiency increase of programming possible with a minimum of three soldiers languages and algorithms. The numerous research projects in the USA, China and Europe, and the noticeably - Tactical mobility enabling joint warfare with combined frequent use of drones in recent conflicts substantiate the arms high significance of automated combat systems in the fu- In the development of artillery from a towed, manual- ture. ly operated gun to self-propelled systems which were While autonomous land systems are often smaller vehi- gradually automated and equipped with electronic com- cles, for example for clearing or deactivating mines and ponents such as navigation system, fire control system, unexploded bombs, with the AGM KMW developed the electric levelling device etc., the PzH 2000 presents first fully automatic weapon system on the basis ofthe an evolutionary mile stone already including significant PzH 2000 technology. parts of a fully automatic system. To replace the M109 employed in Germany and to signifi cantly strengthen the combat power of the artillery after the failure of the tri-national program PzH70 the German government decided to initiate their own national development in 1986. The following requirements formed the basis for this development: - Large range of 30/40 km with a 155 mm/L52 weapon - Fully automatic, electric weapon traversing/elevating system - Protection for crew and ammunition - Autonomous in navigation and fire control

- Combat load of 60 rounds PzH 2000 while firing 32 International Artillery Symposium 2014 Automation of Combat Systems Using the Example of Tube Artillery

Automizing combat systems has been pursued over time - Fully automatic projectile handling and loading with various objectives. - High mobility on roads and cross country Initially reducing the workload for the crew was the first After a development phase and comparison testing the priority. contract was awarded to KMW. After another phase of de- Meanwhile aspects like the reduction of personnel and op- velopment and the series maturity phase, extensive tests erational costs, and also strict demands for further improv- and proving were conducted with four prototypes leading ing the protection of the deployed soldiers while decreas- to the order of 185 series systems for Germany in 1998. ing weight at the same time have gained significance. When speaking of self-propelled artillery unique features The urge for automation becomes clear when viewing the of the PzH 2000 were then and are still today: global tendency towards unmanned aircraft as well as land - Cadency of 8 to 10 rounds per minute systems. The use of remote-controlled and in some situations autonomously acting air-supported reconnaissance - Autonomy of each individual weapon system in and fighting drones has already become reality. Also on navigation and fire control the ground the US Army for example deploys unmanned - Large combat load of 60 rounds and high cadency systems to support the soldiers. which is assured over the complete combat load of 60 In the next 10 to 20 years even fully autonomous sys- rounds tems, especially in the field of aircrafts, are to be expect- - Quick resupply of the combat load by the howitzer ed. In specialist publications and several studies the goal crew that an operator monitors several combat systems and that the system can also make decisions independently - Unrestricted operation in all azimuth and elevation are discussed. This development benefits from technical angles progress, for example miniaturization of processors and - Reduced crew and operation of the PzH 2000 sensors, as well as efficiency increase of programming possible with a minimum of three soldiers languages and algorithms. The numerous research projects in the USA, China and Europe, and the noticeably - Tactical mobility enabling joint warfare with combined frequent use of drones in recent conflicts substantiate the arms high significance of automated combat systems in the fu- In the development of artillery from a towed, manual- ture. ly operated gun to self-propelled systems which were While autonomous land systems are often smaller vehi- gradually automated and equipped with electronic com- cles, for example for clearing or deactivating mines and ponents such as navigation system, fire control system, unexploded bombs, with the AGM KMW developed the electric levelling device etc., the PzH 2000 presents first fully automatic weapon system on the basis ofthe an evolutionary mile stone already including significant PzH 2000 technology. parts of a fully automatic system. To replace the M109 employed in Germany and to signifi cantly strengthen the combat power of the artillery after the failure of the tri-national program PzH70 the German government decided to initiate their own national development in 1986. The following requirements formed the basis for this development: - Large range of 30/40 km with a 155 mm/L52 weapon - Fully automatic, electric weapon traversing/elevating system - Protection for crew and ammunition - Autonomous in navigation and fire control

- Combat load of 60 rounds PzH 2000 while firing

33 Especially noteworthy is the fully automated projectile station. After assembly the propellant is transported by platform including stabilizer will be mounted as a connec- The AGM turret can already be remote-controlled from a loading mechanism developed by KMW, which already the propellant transfer arm to the charge chamber. The tor between truck and AGM. vehicle cabin or also from greater distances. Integrating realizes loading the projectiles from the magazine (chas- breech block of the gun is closed by remote-control and In summary the AGM – based on the PzH 2000 – is a con- the AGM on an also remote-controlled or autonomous driv- sis) to the weapon (turret) and also is equipped with a the system is fired after clearance by the gun commander. ing platform and by utilizing corresponding transfer tech- computer-controlled ammunition management with inte- These components were developed and tested gradually sistent further development to a light, remote-controlled system which could be developed to a partly autonomous nology could prepare the possibility for a first unmanned grated inductive fuze programming. using numerous optimization possibilities, enabling an main combat system in the army. increase of the cadency from 6 rounds per minute in combat system in the future. Since international requirements emerging in the early 2006 to the impressive number of 9 rounds per minute in 21st century, for a medium and air-transportable artillery 2014. Besides the main components the AGM also has system while retaining capabilities similar to those of the numerous sensors ensuring safe and smooth handling PzH 2000, first concepts for the AGM were developed at of the firing components. The operational concept for KMW. the gun commander is designed in such a way that Already in the early stages of developing this weapon sys- the process can be monitored at any time and manual tem the necessity of separating the crew and artillery com- interference is possible in case any irregularities should ponents (ammunition magazine, loader, weapon etc.) in arise.

AGM integrated onto the M270 (MLRS) chassis

Firing tests of the AGM on the BOXER are scheduled for fall 2014

AGM inside view and fully automated loading mechanism order to appropriately protect the crew while meeting the The result of this development is a fully automated and un- maximum weight limit of 31.5 t was soon evident. It was manned artillery turret having the following characteristics: essential to focus on the highly protected area around the - Fully automated and remote-controlled mode crew providing the soldiers the maximum possible protec- - Integration onto all applicable wheeled and tracked tion and equipping the rest of the system with a lower pro- vehicles possible AGM integrated onto the ASCOD chassis from GD ELS tection level in order not to exceed the maximum weight limit. - Cadency of 9 rounds per minute with the complete on-board stock An incremental approach was used for the development. - High range with a 155 mm/L52 weapon In the first step, a light aluminum turret was designed and manufactured. After integration the gun firing tests - Fully automated, electric weapon levelling system were conducted to verify the mechanical stability of the - Autonomous in navigation and fire control light-weight turret and the stability of the whole system - Possibility to handle missiles up to a length of 1 m during firing and driving. After successfully completing - Inductive fuze programming this step, the fully automated projectile loading mechanism was adapted to the conditions and requirements With the integration of the AGM onto an appropriate carrier of the AGM turret and integrated so that the projectiles system, for example the M270 (MLRS platform), the origi- could be loaded without manual operations as in the PzH nal development goal of a light and air deployable artillery AGM integrated on 8x8 BOXER 2000. Only portioning and loading propelling charges as system while keeping as many characteristics of the PzH well as firing the weapon was conducted by personnel in 2000 as possible was accomplished. the turret. Author: Patrick Lenz Besides the integration onto a M270 chassis of a rocket Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG In the next consistent step, an automatic propellant launcher, the AGM has also been integrated and tested August-Bode-Strasse 1 charge magazine and an automatic propellant charge on an armored infantry combat vehicle chassis (ASCOD) D-34127 Kassel supply for the weapon were developed. Based on ballistic from GD ELS. Currently a first wheeled version AGM on Phone: +49 561 105 1233 calculations by the AGM’s own fire control system, the a BOXER 8x8 is being manufactured and will be tested in Fax: +49 561 105 1336 corresponding amount of propellant charges is conveyed the fall 2014. In addition to this ambitioned variant AGM E-Mail: [email protected] out of the magazine. The closed propellant charges are is also being integrated onto a COTS 8x8 truck, in this Internet: www.kmweg.de then assembled on the also newly developed assembling case an IVECO TRAKKER. It is important to note that a Planned integration of AGM onto IVECO TRAKKER

34 platform including stabilizer will be mounted as a connec- The AGM turret can already be remote-controlled from a tor between truck and AGM. vehicle cabin or also from greater distances. Integrating In summary the AGM – based on the PzH 2000 – is a con- the AGM on an also remote-controlled or autonomous driv- sistent further development to a light, remote-controlled ing platform and by utilizing corresponding transfer tech- system which could be developed to a partly autonomous nology could prepare the possibility for a first unmanned combat system in the future. main combat system in the army.

AGM integrated onto the M270 (MLRS) chassis

Firing tests of the AGM on the BOXER are scheduled for fall 2014

AGM integrated onto the ASCOD chassis from GD ELS

AGM integrated on 8x8 BOXER

Author: Patrick Lenz Krauss-Maffei Wegmann GmbH & Co. KG August-Bode-Strasse 1 D-34127 Kassel Phone: +49 561 105 1233 Fax: +49 561 105 1336 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.kmweg.de Planned integration of AGM onto IVECO TRAKKER

35 ● Single Point Targets (2m x 5m, stationary and moving) Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the preprogrammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL) ● Small Point Targets (10m x 15m) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition al- ● Point Targets (30m x 30m) ways hits and eliminates the target with a single shot. The Target Location Error (TLE) is the most critical failure Conclusion: The experience gathered in current “Out of Precision Guided Munition (PGM) – source. The target location accuracies und field conditions Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future chal- achievable with today’s standard equipment of the JFSTs lenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guid- VULCANO 127mm and 155mm are between 25m and 50m. This makes it clear that pure ed artillery munition. GPS-INS guided/navigated munition cannot be effectively used for the engagement of (stationary or moving) point SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 and single point targets. Figure 2 illustrates the correlation The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have of munition demand as a function of the achievable pre- implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL cision of guided munition. The Total CEP (Circular Error (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser Framework Conditions Both countries agreed to carry out a bilateral qualifica- Probability) of 7m (14m) is based on the assumption of a with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insen- tion program for the complete precision guided ammu- The future orientation of the Bundeswehr describes the GPS navigation accuracy of 5m (10m) and a TLE of 5m sitive explosives). nition family VULCANO 127mm/155mm according to need for the capability of precise and range extended (10m). “STANAG 4667 Gun launched guided munition, safety effective strikes with indirect fire against stationary and and suitability for service”, covering the terminal homing moving single and point targets. In Germany, the weapon Guidance Section with modes SAL*), FarIR**) and GPS***) platforms PzH2000 and Frigate F125 will be equipped with Canard System, GPS, the VULCANO precision guided munition. Joint qualification will start at the beginning of 2015. Flight Controller and IMU Important criteria are “Compliance with the Rules of Enga- Delivery of the precision guided VULCANO munition to the gement”, „Avoidance of Collateral Damage”, “Keep Eyes German and Italian Forces (Navy and Army) will begin at on the Target” and “Mission Abort Capability“. the end of 2016. SAL Sensor

PFF-IM Warhead Roll-decoupled Tail and SAD Section Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of Point Targets, Small Point TargetsFigure and 3: Single VULCANO Point Targets 155GLR-SAL (stationary precision guided artillery andmunition moving) dependingin loading on theconfiguration achievable (above) and in flight CEPconfiguration accuracies of(below) guided munition. In the terminal homing phase, it is to be distinguished between GPS-INS guidance and SAL guidance with laser designation. Munition demand for the effective engagement of AnalysesFigure of2: the Munition Demand have shown that GPS In addition to the munition, this approach also considers guidedPoint munition Targets, can Small only Pointbe used Targets to effectively and Single engage Point the Targets adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire com- point(stationary targets (30x30m)and moving) and impressivelydepending onunderline the achievable the mands CEP and the logistic packaging system, thus providing needaccuracies for SAL-guided of guided munition munition. in combination In the terminal with laserhoming the phase, entire it system package. designationis to be bydistinguished the JFST for thebetween engagement GPS-INS of small guidance point and SAL andguidance single point with targets. laser designation. Figure 1: Scenario – PzH2000 with target engagements also in urban terrain – in combination with a ground based or air borne laser designator by the Joint Fire Support Team (JFST) Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage German-Italian Cooperation Industrial teaming is based on the Cooperation Agree- point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and miniaturized Far- ment between Diehl Defence and OTO Melara on con- need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is applied in the In 2011, the German and Italian Ministers of Defence ventional and guided munition. semi-autonomous mode in combination with a laser declared their intention to cooperate more closely in designation by the JFST for the engagement of small *) SAL – Semi Active Laser Sensor in combination with a Laser designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in the autonomous the field of “Future 155mm Long Range Precision Am- Designator and Man-in-the-Loop for semi-autonomous target point and single point targets. mode for engaging air and sea targets. The systems have munition“. engagements of stationary and moving single point targets and Basically, GuidanceGPS-guided Section munition with only flies to the been qualified in the temperature and vibration range at Their Letter of Intent provided the basis for combining small area targets. preprogrammedCanard coordinate, System, GPS, sensor-equipped munition 26.000g. **) FarIR – Infra-Red Sensor, uncooled in the wavelength regime the national efforts in the field of guided artillery muni- (e.g. SAL)Flight always Controller to the target and IMUaimed at. tion, using synergies on a bilateral level. These activi- between 8-12μm for autonomous air and sea target engage- ties concern the following national programs: ments. This sensor is primarily applied with VULCANO 127mm. So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the . Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL ***) GPS – Global Positioning System. In this mode, the guided target with a single shot. ● VULCANO 127mm for the Navy and VULCANO VULCANO munition flies with the currently available GPS accu- The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves 155mm (sub-caliber unguided and guided munition) for racy to the pre-programmed coordinates. In this mode, the target Conclusion: The experience gathered in current "Out of a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation the Italian Army location error (TLE) cannot be compensated. Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and SALderived Sensor future of 45°– see Figure 5 challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision Figure 3: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL ● Guided Mortar Munition 120mm (GMM) and Guided Munition Demand - Assessment PFF-IM Warhead System activation (thermal battery run-up), munition guided artillery munition. precision guided artillery munition in loading Artillery Munition 155mm (GAM), both full-caliber, for The following target categories and target sizes are rele- Roll-decoupled Tail and SAD configurationinitialization (above) based and in flighton configurationthe pre-programmed data Germany vant for precision guided artillery munition: Section (below)(Munition Critical Data, MCD) and GPS activation are SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 provided within the ballistic flight phase up to the 36 apogee. FigureThe companies3: VULCANO Diehl 155GLR-SAL Defence and precision OTO Melara guided have artillery munitionimplemented in loading the SAL-Guided configuration Munition (above) V155-GLR/SAL and in flight After passing through the apogee, the munition flies to configuration(Vulcano155mm (below) Guided Long Range / Semi Active the target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with guidance/navigation.

insensitive explosives). In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor In addition to the munition, this approach also considers performs target acquisition (detection of the designated Figure 2: Munition demand for the effective engagement of the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire target), target discrimination by means of the laser code Point Targets, Small Point Targets and Single Point Targets commands and the logistic packaging system, thus and subsequent target tracking until target impact with (stationary and moving) depending on the achievable CEP providing the entire system package. final activation of the warhead in the target. accuracies of guided munition. In the terminal homing phase, it

is to be distinguished between GPS-INS guidance and SAL guidance with laser designation. . System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL

Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage Miniaturized and miniaturized Far- point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the Figure 4: SAL Sensor need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is applied in the designation by the JFST for the engagement of small semi-autonomous mode in combination with a laser designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in the autonomous point and single point targets. mode for engaging air and sea targets. The systems have Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the been qualified in the temperature and vibration range at preprogrammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition 26.000g. (e.g. SAL) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the . Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL target with a single shot. The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves Conclusion: The experience gathered in current "Out of a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future of 45°– see Figure 5 challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision System activation (thermal battery run-up), munition guided artillery munition. initialization based on the pre-programmed data (Munition Critical Data, MCD) and GPS activation are SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 provided within the ballistic flight phase up to the The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have apogee. implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL After passing through the apogee, the munition flies to (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active the target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with guidance/navigation. insensitive explosives). In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor In addition to the munition, this approach also considers performs target acquisition (detection of the designated the adaptation of the PzH2000, calculation of the fire target), target discrimination by means of the laser code commands and the logistic packaging system, thus and subsequent target tracking until target impact with providing the entire system package. final activation of the warhead in the target.

. System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL

● Single Point Targets (2m x 5m, stationary and moving) Basically, GPS-guided munition only flies to the preprogrammed coordinate, sensor-equipped munition (e.g. SAL) ● Small Point Targets (10m x 15m) always to the target aimed at. So, SAL-guided munition al- ● Point Targets (30m x 30m) ways hits and eliminates the target with a single shot. The Target Location Error (TLE) is the most critical failure Conclusion: The experience gathered in current “Out of source. The target location accuracies und field conditions Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and derived future chal- achievable with today’s standard equipment of the JFSTs lenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision guid- are between 25m and 50m. This makes it clear that pure ed artillery munition. GPS-INS guided/navigated munition cannot be effectively used for the engagement of (stationary or moving) point SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 and single point targets. Figure 2 illustrates the correlation The companies Diehl Defence and OTO Melara have of munition demand as a function of the achievable pre- implemented the SAL-Guided Munition V155-GLR/SAL cision of guided munition. The Total CEP (Circular Error (Vulcano155mm Guided Long Range / Semi Active Laser Probability) of 7m (14m) is based on the assumption of a with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with insen- GPS navigation accuracy of 5m (10m) and a TLE of 5m sitive explosives). (10m).

Guidance Section with Canard System, GPS, Flight Controller and IMU

SAL Sensor

Analyses of the Munition Demand have shown that GPS guided munition can only be used to effectively engage point targets (30x30m) and impressively underline the Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and miniaturized Far- need for SAL-guided munition in combination with laser Infrared Sensor (FarIR). The SAL Sensor is applied in the designation by the JFST for the engagement of small semi-autonomous mode in combination with a laser designator. The FarIR-Sensor is applied in the autonomous point and single point targets. mode for engaging air and sea targets. The systems have Basically, GuidanceGPS-guided Section munition with only flies to the been qualified in the temperature and vibration range at preprogrammedCanard coordinate, System, GPS, sensor-equipped munition 26.000g. (e.g. SAL)Flight always Controller to the target and IMUaimed at. So, SAL-guided munition always hits and eliminates the . Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL target with a single shot. The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves Conclusion: The experience gathered in current "Out of a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevation Area Missions“ with the PzH2000 and SALderived Sensor future of 45°– see Figure 5 challenges highlights the need for SAL 155mm precision Figure 3: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL PFF-IM Warhead precisionSystem guided activation artillery munition (thermal in loading battery run-up), munition guided artillery munition. Roll-decoupled Tail and SAD configurationinitialization (above) based and in flighton configurationthe pre-programmed data Section (below)(Munition Critical Data, MCD) and GPS activation are SAL-guided munition for PzH2000 provided within the ballistic flight phase up to the 37 apogee. FigureThe companies3: VULCANO Diehl 155GLR-SAL Defence and precision OTO Melara guided have artillery munitionimplemented in loading the SAL-Guided configuration Munition (above) V155-GLR/SAL and in flight After passing through the apogee, the munition flies to configuration(Vulcano155mm (below) Guided Long Range / Semi Active the target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourse Laser with a pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with guidance/navigation.

. System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL

Figure 5: Range and flight profile of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C)

. Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination Figure 4: Miniaturized SAL Sensor and miniaturized Far-Infrared with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase. munition Sensorin the(FarIR). terminalThe SAL Sensor homing is applied in thephase semi- was an autonomous mode in combination with a laser designator. indispensableThe FarIR-Sensor prerequisite is applied forin the autonomousadaptation/integration mode for of engaging air and sea targets. The systems have been qualified an SAL sensorin the temperature unit. Figure and vibration 6 shows range at 26.000g. the maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With  SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative ● System Configuration V155-GLR/SAL the large ●field Maneuverability of view V155-GLR/SAL(FoV) of the SAL and FarIR to the target (stationary and moving) sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all ● Range and Flight Profile V155-GLR/SAL Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano  GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m navigation/GPSmunition inerrors, the terminal target homing phaselocation was anerrors, indispens -sensor The subcaliber guided munition V155GLR-SAL achieves and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally able prerequisite for adaptation/integration of an SAL sen- a maximum range of up to 80km with a barrel elevationdrifts and of target movements are eliminated in the SAL sor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability of the projec- available and the time of availability) relative to the 45°– see Figure 5 terminalFigure homing5:tile Rangein the phase.SAL and terminal flightOnce homing profile the phase. target of With the isthe precision inlarge the field FoV, guided no pre-programmed target coordinate System activation (thermal battery run-up), munitionescapemunition initiali -of oftheV155-GLR/SAL view target (FoV) of is the possible. SAL at and nominal FarIR sensors conditions in combination at maximum zation based on the pre-programmed data (Munitionmuzzle Criti- velocitywith the maneuverability,(v ~ 936m/s allat navigation/GPS21°C) errors, target cal Data, MCD) and GPS activation are provided within the location errors,o sensor drifts and target movements are . Figure 7: Hit accuracy P of V155- ballistic flight phase up to the apogee. eliminated in the SAL terminal homing phase. Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL Hit GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL . Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high- sensor in the terminal homing phase. performance Hit accuracypre-formed PHit fragmentedof V155-GLR/SAL (PFF) in warhead combination with Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano ●Figure SAL mode 7: with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative to The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum war- with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase. munition in the terminal homing phase was an definedthe target (stationarytungsten and moving)splinters of varioushead sizes initiation dependingand on the type of target (impact, impact with delay, time and position) indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration of insensitive● GPS-INS mode explosives with CEP precision to betweenmeet 3m insensitive-munitionand requirements.15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally avail- Compatibility of V155GLR-SAL with PzH2000 an SAL sensor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability V155-GLR/SALable and the time of isavailability) designed relative as toa the dual-mode pre-pro- system The SAL guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL has Figure 5: Range and flight profile of theof precision the projectile guided in the SAL terminal homing phase. With Figuregrammed SAL 8 targetmodeshows coordinate with the a precisionoverall <3mresults [2DRMS] of the relative warhead munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum been designed so as to be compatible with the PzH2000 the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR effectiveness● Targetto impactthe target effectiveness assessment (stationary of V155GLR-SAL andbased moving) on of experimentalthe company KMW – see Figure 9, taking into account muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C) munition storage, the munition carousel and munition sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all investigations.VULCANO 155GLR-SAL VULCANO is equipped with a155GLR-SAL high-perfor- fulfils all  GPS-INS mode with CEP precision betweenloading with 3m the Flick Rammer. navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor requiredmance pre-formed target fragmented kill requirements (PFF) warhead based with de - on SAL terminal . Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL fined andtungsten 15m splinters (depending of various on thesizes GPS and accuracyinsensitive The compatibility locally of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL is also given drifts and target movementsFigure 5: Range are and flighteliminated profile of the in the SAL homing. Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano Figureprecision 7: guided Hit accuracymunition V155-GLR/SAL PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combinationexplosivesavailable to meet insensitive-munition and the time of requirements. availability) relativefor all fielded to the 155mm howitzers. Figureterminal 6: Maneuverability homing phase.withat nominal thereflecting Once SAL conditions sensorthe the attarget maximuminfield the isterminalof muzzle inview the homing (FoV)FoV, phase.noof munition in the terminal homing phase was an TheFigure high-performancepre-programmed8 shows the overall results target PFF of the coordinate warheadwarhead effec of- V155GLR-SALVULCANO 155GLR-SAL is fired from the PzH2000 with the SAL-Sensor of thevelocity precision (vo ~ 936m/s guidedat 21°C) munition V155- escape of the target is possible. tiveness assessment based on experimental investiga- the certified modular propellant charges (MTLS) DM72/ indispensableFigure 5: Range prerequisite and flight profilefor adaptation/integration of the precision guided of also shows outstanding performance against soft point After passing through the apogee, the munitionGLR/SAL flies to the inOnce the theterminal target is homing in the FoV, phase no escape and ofcorrelated the target is with the tions. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill DM92. Figure 10 shows the projectile with 4 modular anmunition SAL sensorV155-GLR/SAL unit. Figure at nominal 6 shows conditions the maneuverability at maximum V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode systemtargets. target acquisition point by means of GPS midcourseerror-driven guid- possible. target position. requirements. Target impactbased on SAL effectiveness terminal homing. of V155GLR-SALcharges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000. ance/navigation.ofmuzzle the projectile velocity (v oin ~ the936m/s SAL at terminal 21°C) homing phase. With  SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative ● Precision of V155-GLR/SAL The high-performance Safe and Arming PFF warhead Device of V155GLR-SAL (SAD) ensures Basically, optimum all conventional types of propellant charges are the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high- In the SAL terminal homing phase, the SAL sensor per- Figure 7 illustrates theto thehit accuracytarget (stationary P of V155-GLR/ and moving) also shows outstanding performance against soft point compatible with the VULCANO munition. sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all Hit warhead initiation depending on the type of target forms. Maneuverability target acquisition (detectionV155-GLR/SAL of the designated . Precision tar- SAL. of The V155-GLR/SAL system performance GPS-INS achieves mode awith 2DRMS CEP value precision betweentargets.performance 3m pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor (impact, impact with delay, time and position) get),Demonstration target discrimination of maneuverability by means of the laserof Figurethe code guided and 7 Vulcanoofillustrates ~1.2m – theFigure requirementtheand 7:hit Hit15m for accuracyaccuracy single (depending point PHit targets ofP on V155-GLR/SAL theis of3m GPS V155- accuracy in combinationdefined locally tungsten splinters of various sizes and subsequentdrifts and targettarget tracking movements until target areimpact eliminated with final ac-in the2DRMS. SAL with the SAL sensor in the terminalHit homing phase. munition in the terminal homing phase was an available and the time of availability) relativeinsensitive to the explosives to meet insensitive-munition tivation of the warhead in the target. GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS terminal homing phase. Once the target is in the V155-GLR/SALFoV, no is designed as a dual-mode system. indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integrationvalue of ~1.2m of – the requirementpre-programmed for single target point coordinate targets requirements. escapean SAL of sensor the target unit. isFigure possible. 6 shows the maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system is 3m 2DRMS. Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With  SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative . Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR to the target (stationary and moving) effectiveness assessment based on experimental VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with investigations.a high- VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all  GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m performance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locallyrequired target kill requirements based on SAL terminal defined tungsten splinters of various sizes and drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL available and the time of availability) relative homing.to the insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition terminal homing phase. Once the target Figureis in the 6: FoV, Maneuverability no pre-programmed reflecting the fieldtarget of coordinate view (FoV) of Figure 8: Target impact escape of the target is possible. the SAL-Sensor of requirements.the precision guided munition V155- The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL effectiveness analysis of also shows outstanding performance against soft point VULCANO 155GLR/SAL for GLR/SAL in the terminalFigure homing 8 shows phase theand overallcorrelated results with theof the warhead given targets with defined target error-driven target position.Figure. Target 6: Maneuverability impact effectivenessreflecting the field of V155GLR-SALtargets. kill criteria defined by the user vieweffectiveness (FoV) of the SAL-Sensor assessment of the precision based on experimental – all given targets are killed in guidedVULCANOinvestigations. munition V155-GLR/SAL 155GLR-SAL VULCANO in the terminalis equipped155GLR-SAL with afulfilsThe high- Safeall and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum accordance with the requirements homingperformancerequired phase and target correlated pre-formed kill withrequirements the fragmented error-driven based (PFF) on warhead SALwarhead terminal with initiation depending on the type of target and based on the SAL mode in the . Precision of V155-GLR/SALtarget position. terminal homing phase definedhoming. tungsten splinters of various sizes(impact, and impact with delay, time and position) Figure 6: Maneuverability reflecting the field of view (FoV) of insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition 38 Figure 7 illustratesThe the high-performance hit accuracy PFF PHit warhead of V155- of V155GLR-SAL the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155- requirements. GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and GLR/SAL.correlated with The the systemalso showsperformance outstanding achieves performance a 2DRMS against soft point error-driven target position. value of ~1.2m – theFiguretargets. requirement 8 shows forthe singleoverall point results targets of the warhead effectiveness assessment based on experimental is 3m 2DRMS. The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum investigations. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all warhead initiation depending on the type of target . Precision of V155-GLR/SAL required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal (impact, impact with delay, time and position) Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155- homing. GLR/SAL.Figure 6: Maneuverability The system performance reflecting the fieldachieves of view a (FoV)2DRMS of the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155- The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL valueGLR/SAL of ~1.2m in the terminal– the requirement homing phase for and single correlated point with targets the also shows outstanding performance against soft point iserror-driven 3m 2DRMS. target position. targets. The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum . Precision of V155-GLR/SAL warhead initiation depending on the type of target (impact, impact with delay, time and position) Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155- GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS value of ~1.2m – the requirement for single point targets is 3m 2DRMS.

Figure 5: Range and flight profile of the precision guided munition V155-GLR/SAL at nominal conditions at maximum muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C)

. Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano Figure 7: Hit accuracy PHit of V155-GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase. munition in the terminal homing phase was an indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration of an SAL sensor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL is designed as a dual-mode system of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With  SAL mode with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR to the target (stationary and moving) sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all  GPS-INS mode with CEP precision between 3m navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor and 15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL available and the time of availability) relative to the terminalFigure homing5: Range phase. and flightOnce profile the target of the is precisionin the FoV, guided no pre-programmed target coordinate escapemunition of theV155-GLR/SAL target is possible. at nominal conditions at maximum muzzle velocity (vo ~ 936m/s at 21°C) . Figure 7: Hit accuracy P of V155- Target impact effectiveness of V155GLR-SAL Hit GLR/SAL in combination with the SAL . Maneuverability V155-GLR/SAL VULCANO 155GLR-SAL is equipped with a high- sensor in the terminal homing phase. performance Hit accuracypre-formed PHit fragmentedof V155-GLR/SAL (PFF) in warhead combination with Demonstration of maneuverability of the guided Vulcano ●Figure SAL mode 7: with a precision <3m [2DRMS] relative to The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum war- with the SAL sensor in the terminal homing phase. munition in the terminal homing phase was an definedthe target (stationarytungsten and moving)splinters of varioushead sizes initiation dependingand on the type of target (impact, impact with delay, time and position) indispensable prerequisite for adaptation/integration of insensitive● GPS-INS mode explosives with CEP precision to betweenmeet 3m insensitive-munitionand requirements.15m (depending on the GPS accuracy locally avail- Compatibility of V155GLR-SAL with PzH2000 an SAL sensor unit. Figure 6 shows the maneuverability V155-GLR/SALable and the time of isavailability) designed relative as toa the dual-mode pre-pro- system The SAL guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL has grammed target coordinate of the projectile in the SAL terminal homing phase. With Figure SAL 8 modeshows with the a precisionoverall <3mresults [2DRMS] of beenthe relativedesigned warhead so as to be compatible with the PzH2000 the large field of view (FoV) of the SAL and FarIR effectiveness● Targetto impactthe target effectiveness assessment (stationary of V155GLR-SAL andbased moving) on of experimentalthe company KMW – see Figure 9, taking into account munition storage, the munition carousel and munition sensors in combination with the maneuverability, all investigations.VULCANO 155GLR-SAL VULCANO is equipped with a155GLR-SAL high-perfor- fulfils all  GPS-INS mode with CEP precision betweenloading with 3m the Flick Rammer. mance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with de- navigation/GPS errors, target location errors, sensor requiredand target15m (depending kill requirements on the GPS based accuracy on SAL locally terminal drifts and target movements are eliminated in the SAL fined tungsten splinters of various sizes and insensitive The compatibility of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL is also given homing.explosivesavailable to meet insensitive-munition and the time of requirements. availability) relativefor all fielded to the 155mm howitzers. Figureterminal 6: Maneuverability homing phase. reflecting Once the the target field isof inview the (FoV)FoV, noof the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155- TheFigure high-performancepre-programmed8 shows the overall results target PFF of the coordinate warheadwarhead effec of- V155GLR-SALVULCANO 155GLR-SAL is fired from the PzH2000 with escape of the target is possible. tiveness assessment based on experimental investiga- the certified modular propellant charges (MTLS) DM72/ GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and correlated with the also shows outstanding performance against soft point targets.tions. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill DM92. Figure 10 shows the projectile with 4 modular error-driven target position. requirements. Target impactbased on SAL effectiveness terminal homing. of V155GLR-SALcharges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000. TheVULCANO high-performance Safe and 155GLR-SAL Arming PFF warhead Device ofis V155GLR-SAL equipped(SAD) ensures withBasically, aoptimum allhigh- conventional types of propellant charges are warheadalso shows outstandinginitiation performance depending against onsoft pointthe typecompatible of withtarget the VULCANO munition. . Precision of V155-GLR/SAL targets.performance pre-formed fragmented (PFF) warhead with (impact, impact with delay, time and position) Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155- defined tungsten splinters of various sizes and GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS insensitive explosives to meet insensitive-munition value of ~1.2m – the requirement for single point targets requirements. is 3m 2DRMS. Figure 8 shows the overall results of the warhead effectiveness assessment based on experimental investigations. VULCANO 155GLR-SAL fulfils all required target kill requirements based on SAL terminal homing. Figure 6: Maneuverability reflecting the field of view (FoV) of Figure 8: Target impact the SAL-Sensor of the precision guided munition V155- The high-performance PFF warhead of V155GLR-SAL effectiveness analysis of VULCANO 155GLR/SAL for GLR/SAL in the terminal homing phase and correlated with the also shows outstanding performance against soft point given targets with defined target error-driven target position. targets. kill criteria defined by the user – all given targets are killed in The Safe and Arming Device (SAD) ensures optimum accordance with the requirements and based on the SAL mode in the . Precision of V155-GLR/SAL warhead initiation depending on the type of target terminal homing phase (impact, impact with delay, time and position) Figure 7 illustrates the hit accuracy PHit of V155- 39 GLR/SAL. The system performance achieves a 2DRMS value of ~1.2m – the requirement for single point targets is 3m 2DRMS.

In the , a JFST Laser Designator is involved Munition carousel with SAL Mode Munition munition transporter to designate the target. Programmer, In the terminal homing is performed coupled with the Loading shell with FarIR Mode, Fire Control Flick Rammer autonomously with detection of the target with IR- Computer signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation. In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).

Figure 9: PzH2000 with VULCANO 155GLR-SAL

Fire Command Munition loading/storing Firing Results: The computation of the Fire Command is based on the call system with transport rail for fire which is provided by the FüWES ADLER (or other 1. Computation of the Fire Command with NABK Mission Planning Systems) via radio to the Fire Control Figure 10: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with four (4) modular Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and Computer (MICMOS) of the PzH2000. Figure 13: Fully integrated version with computation of the Fire Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and propellant charges DM72 inside the barrel of the PzH2000 Figureinitialization 13: of the Fully guided munitionintegrated with the ammunitionversion programmer with computation during munition feed. of the Fire determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD) Depending on the given/required integration depth of V155GLR-SAL on the PzH2000, for computation of the Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD) Fire Command, it is distinguished between the partly in- initializationbeen adapted and of certified. the Figureguided 14 munitionshows the pallet withFigure 15the shows ammunition the flight profiles and the results of the tegrated version with stand-alone, remote-controlled por- programmerwith a total of 8 duringmunition containers,munition allowing feed. variable firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS. 2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000 table Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and embedded Fire loading of the pallet with munition containers and propel - In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to Command Program (FireCmdProg) according to NABK, lant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes designate the target. 3. Programming of V155GLR-SAL with STANAG 4355 Annex G, and the fully integrated version or additions to the logistic chain are necessary. with implemented FireCmdProg according to NABK in the In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performedthe autono MCD- prior to munition loading Performance Demonstration fire control system (MICMOS) of the PzH2000. mously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock- The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been on to the target and subsequent target tracking4. Loadinguntil target of V155GLR-SAL with For the partly integrated version, the stand-alone, re- Packaging System demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. impact and warhead activation. mote-controlled FireCmd Unit (see Figure 12) receives the Flick Rammer or manually the call for fire via data link from the fire control system Figure 11: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL with defined separation of of the PzH2000 and computes the fire command with the sabots after passing the muzzle brakes of the barrel of the 5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/ the FireCmd program. It combines the munition-relevant PzH2000 For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO mission data with the GPS-specific data from the GPS re- initialization of the munition and GPS system of the PzH2000 and the munition is initialized by 155GLR-SAL,Palette Packaging System the munition fixing elements of the ceiver module and GPS key storage box as well as the the ammunition programmer during automated munition DM96220 activation up to the apogee laser codes. This data set is transmitted to the munition feed from the ammunition carousel – see Figure 13. packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 by means of the programming unit. Weapon-specific data Propellant charge container 6. Robustness, functionality of all subsystem such as elevation, azimuth and time over target are sent Packaging System haveDM95130 been with MTLS adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the back to the fire control system of the PzH2000. For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO pallet with a total of 10 munition containers, allowing Propellant charge contaner 7. GPS Mid Course Guidance In the case of the fully integrated version of the PzH2000, 155GLR-SAL, the munition fixing elements of the pack- variableDM95130 withloading of the pallet with munition containers the FireCmdProg is computed directly in the fire control aging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 have 8. GPS Navigation Accuracy andignitor propellant DM191A2 charge containers. Thus, it is ensured Transport and storage – independent of range < 1,0m thatcontainer no DM97070changes or additions to the logistic chain are Note: GPS BIAS cannot be compensated on any GPS necessary. system; depends on GPS availability (location, extracting device time, number of satellites, etc,)  GPS bias horizontal up to ~15m and Figure 12: Stand-alone, remote- controlled portable Fire Command  GPS bias vertical up to ~32m Unit (pFCU) with data link to the fire control system of the PzH2000, GPS Key Storage Box for intermediate 9. SAL Terminal Homing < 1.5m storage of the current GPS key, GPS receiver module and fire control 10. FarIR Terminal Homing < 5.0m computer with integrated FireCmd program according Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192 to NABK. 11. GPS Terminal Homing 3m to 15m  40 Target location error TLE = 0m  see Note 12. Compatibility with PzH2000 and Portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) 13. Target impact effectiveness according to requirements

Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192

Performance Demonstration The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS. In the , a JFST Laser Designator is involved Munition carousel with SAL Mode Munition munition transporter to designate the target. Programmer, In the terminal homing is performed coupled with the Loading shell with FarIR Mode, Fire Control Flick Rammer autonomously with detection of the target with IR- Computer signature, lock-on to the target and subsequent target tracking until target impact and warhead activation. In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m).

Munition loading/storing Firing Results: system with transport rail 1. Computation of the Fire Command with NABK

Figure 13: Fully integrated version with computation of the Fire Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 andFire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and Figureinitialization 13: of the Fully guided munitionintegrated with the ammunitionversion programmer with computation during munition feed. of the Fire determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD) Command in the Fire Control System of the PzH2000 and and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD) initializationbeen adapted and of certified. the Figureguided 14 munitionshows the pallet withFigure 15the shows ammunition the flight profiles and the results of the programmerwith a total of 8 duringmunition containers,munition allowing feed. variable firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS. 2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000 loading of the pallet with munition containers and propel - In the SAL Mode, a JFST Laser Designator is involved to lant charge containers. Thus, it is ensured that no changes designate the target. 3. Programming of V155GLR-SAL with or additions to the logistic chain are necessary. In the FarIR Mode, terminal homing is performedthe autono MCD- prior to munition loading Performance Demonstration mously with detection of the target with IR-signature, lock- PackagingThe performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS System has been on to the target and subsequent target tracking4. Loadinguntil target of V155GLR-SAL with demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. impact and warhead activation. the Flick Rammer or manually For the SAL-guided artillery ammunition VULCANO 5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/ initialization of the munition and GPS 155GLR-SAL,Palette Packaging System the munition fixing elements of the DM96220 activation up to the apogee packaging system for the fielded ammunition DM97070 Propellant charge container haveDM95130 been with MTLS adapted and certified. Figure 14 shows the 6. Robustness, functionality of all subsystem pallet with a total of 10 munition containers, allowing Propellant charge contaner 7. GPS Mid Course Guidance variableDM95130 withloading of the pallet with munition containers 8. GPS Navigation Accuracy andignitor propellant DM191A2 charge containers. Thus, it is ensured Transport and storage – independent of range < 1,0m thatcontainer no DM97070changes or additions to the logistic chain are Note: GPS BIAS cannot be compensated on any GPS necessary. system; depends on GPS availability (location, extracting device time, number of satellites, etc,)  GPS bias horizontal up to ~15m and  GPS bias vertical up to ~32m 9. SAL Terminal Homing < 1.5m 10. FarIR Terminal Homing < 5.0m Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192 11. GPS Terminal Homing 3m to 15m  Target41 location error TLE = 0m  see Note 12. Compatibility with PzH2000 and Portable Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) 13. Target impact effectiveness according to requirements

Figure 14: VULCANO 155mm based on the packaging system for artillery ammunition DM97070 and DM97192

Performance Demonstration The performance of V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS has been demonstrated successfully in various firing campaigns. Figure 15 shows the flight profiles and the results of the firings with V155GLR-SAL/FarIR/GPS. VULCANO 155mm Target – 45km SAL Mode GPS Navigation Target – 26km SPACIDO SAL Mode Figure 15: VULCANO 155GLR-SAL in GPS Terminal Homing FarIR Mode Mode (TLE=0) and in SAL Terminal Homing Mode (with laser 1D Course correction fuze from JUNGHANS microtec GPS Navigation target designation)

JUNGHANS microtec in cooperation with their partners, Design principle and sequence of SPACIDO operation and Nexter Munitions and Zodiac Data Systems, is developing function (see diagram): and qualifying the 1D course correction fuze SPACIDO. The basic principle is based upon the programming of the Firing Results: Oberview: aiming point of the uncorrected trajectory slightly behind the target, and by “airbraking” the projectile to increase 1. Computation of the Fire Command with NABK When tubefired artillery weapon systems are used with its aerodynamic drag at the correct time, and to achieve Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) and conventional munitions, a large dispersion area is produ- accurate impact on the target. determination of the Munition Critical Data (MCD) ced at the target area due to the influence of various fac- and the Weapon Critical Data (WCD) tors; this dispersion is a dominant factor for the quantity of After firing the projectile with a SPACIDO fuze, an modified 2. Handover of WCD to the PzH2000 rounds required for target engagement. Range dispersion V0 radar system integrated in the howitzer, or a separate in line of fire, is significantly greater than the deflection. Figure3. Programming 15: VULCANO of V155GLR-SAL 155GLR-SAL within GPS Terminal Homing radar device, measures the actual velocity profile of the Modethe (TLE=0) MCD andprior into SALmunition Terminal loading Homing Mode (with laser 1D course correction fuzes adjust the trajectory of the pro- projectile in the first part of the trajectory. The SPACIDO target designation) In the GPS-Mode, the target location error is set to zero computer connected with the fire control system uses this 4. Loading of V155GLR-SAL with jectile in the firing direction (1-dimensional), and thereby (nominal TLE ~25 to 50m). drastically reduce the longitudinal dispersion. data to determine the deviation of the actual from the cal- the Flick Rammer or manually culated trajectory to the target, and then calculates the Summary5. Firing of V155GLR-SAL, power run-up/ Summary This overall enhancement of the firing precision reduces time required for the activation of the aerodynamic bra- the number of rounds required at long ranges by 50% at The precision-guidedinitialization of the munitionmunition and VULCANO GPS 155GLR-SAL The precision-guided munition VULCANO 155GLR-SAL ke of SPACIDO (see fuze photo). The radar system then with dual-modeactivation up capabilityto the apogee in the terminal homing phase minimum, in some cases by 90%, dependent upon the transmits this time data in order for the activation of the with dual-mode capability in the terminal homing phase type of target! meets6. Robustness, all user functionalityrequirements. of all subsystemIn particular,s the SAL meets all user requirements. In particular, the SAL sensor SPACIDO fuze via a radio link. sensor7. GPS enables Mid Course the Guidanceengagement of single point targets enables the engagement of single point targets (stationary (stationary and moving) and small point targets (e.g. 8. GPS Navigation Accuracy and moving) and small point targets (e.g. buildings). The buildings). The SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit in – independent of range < 1,0m SAL sensor is used as plug&play unit in both V127mm and Muzzle velocity CCF both V127mmNote: GPS and BIAS V155mm. cannot be compensated on any GPS V155mm. For thesystem; VULCANO depends on 127mm GPS availability precision-guided (location, munition, For the VULCANO 127mm precision-guided munition, the Course correction using air the FarIRtime, numbersensor of hassatellites, additionally etc,) been developed to FarIR sensor has additionally been developed to effective-  Trajectory monitoring with 3 brake deployment effectively GPS engage bias horizontal air and up sea to ~15mtargets and in the autonomous ly engage air and sea targets in the autonomous terminal  GPS bias vertical up to ~32m terminal homing mode (naval applications). homing mode (naval applications). muzzle velocity radar 9. SAL Terminal Homing < 1.5m 1 Author:10. FarIR Terminal Homing < 5.0m Dr.11. Jürgen GPS Terminal Bohl Homing 3m to 15m Diehl BGT Target Defence location GmbH error TLE & Co. = 0m KG Fischbachstraße see Note 16 12. Compatibility with PzH2000 and D-90552 Röthenbach / Peg. Fuze terminal effect Phone:Portable +49-911-957-2068 Fire Command Unit (pFCU) and Course correction signal activation Fax: +49-911-957-2286Fire Command Program (FireCmdProg) sent to the fuze 4 E-mail:13. Target [email protected] impact effectiveness according to 2 (Time for air brake deployment) requirements

Autor: Dr. Jürgen Bohl Diehl BGT Defence GmbH & Co. KG Fischbachstraße 16 D-90552 Röthenbach / Peg. Telefon: +49 911 957-2068 Telefax: +49 911 957-2286 Email: [email protected] A Diehl and Thales Company

42 SPACIDO 1D Course correction fuze from JUNGHANS microtec

Muzzle velocity CCF

Course correction using air Trajectory monitoring with 3 brake deployment muzzle velocity radar 1

Fuze terminal effect Course correction signal activation sent to the fuze 4 2 (Time for air brake deployment)

A Diehl and Thales Company

43 Fuze Design and System Components: was confirmed, as well as significant enhancement of the mean point of impact. Furthermore, the tests clearly de- The SPACIDO fuze is based upon existing combat pro- monstrated the maturity and successful functioning of our ven and multi-function fuze technology, en-hanced by the fuze sys-tem fired from a 52 Cal. Weapon. previously mentioned aerodynamic brake system and the inclusion of an electronic device for the reception of radio With the demonstrated system performance the risk of timing signals. SPACIDO is simply screwed to the nose of possible collateral damages is significantly reduced as the muni-tions instead of a conventional fuze, and is com- well. This, in turn, increases the operational flexibility as patible with all in-service 105mm and 155mm ammunition. well as the combat capability of the overall weapon system, whilst simultaneously dramatically reducing the logi- The SPACIDO ground station components can either be Reconnaissance, command and control, stic burden in combat. integrated within the weapon system or mounted separa- tely adjacent to the weapon system. Besides the French DGA, who commissioned the deve- engagement, training – lopment and qualification of SPACIDO, planned to con- Programme status: clude at the end of 2014, a number of other armed forces Rheinmetall as a partner of the artillery in the 21st century Within the framework of the development and qualification have already expressed strong interest in the SPACIDO programme commissioned by the French DGA (Délégation system. Générale pour l’Armement), JUNGHANS microtec is res- In view of their obvious benefits, 1D course correction Right from the start of its 125-year history, Rhein- ponsible for the SPACIDO fuze, and NEXTER Munitions in fuzes will replace conventional fuzes in many fields of metall has always been a trusted partner of the ar- association with Zodiac Data Systems for the other system artillery, used as a cost-saving enhancement of combat tillery corps. To this day, the pressing and drawing compo-nents, for example the radar system. An important effectiveness for already existing munitions as well as technique for seamless barrels developed by Rhein- milestone was already achieved in September 2011. It con- commissioned with future munitions. The decision whe- sisted in demonstrating SPACIDO system efficiency with ther to select SPACIDO or the GPS-supported 1D course metall founder Heinrich Ehrhardt is still used in mod- firings, by comparing the accuracy obtained with the sys- correction fuze European Correction Fuze (ECF), which is ern guns. Given its longstanding experience and tem to the one obtained with standard ammunitions. The intended to be developed at JUNGHANS microtec, is left innovative competence in armoured vehicle technol- qualification tests are currently being conducted and the to the individual requirements of the user. Both systems ogy, weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance sensors decisive firings to demonstrate the performance of the sys- have their benefits and consequently their justifications. and networking as well as training and simulation tem at long ranges will be performed in autumn this year. solutions, Europe’s leading defence contractor of- Representatives of many armed forces assume today st A foreign delegation also attended the firings, which were that in the long term conventional artillery mu-nitions will fers a wide array of systems and products for 21 exclusively be fitted with course correction fuzes. These century artillery units. jointly organized by the DGA, together with the industrial The 7.5 cm “System Ehrhardt” field gun – an early Rheinmetall partners. Following the successful qualification, the pre- munitions will be supplemented to a much smaller extent product (photo: Rheinmetall) paration of the serial production will start in 2015. The fi- by guided high and maximum precision artillery projectiles ring test results clearly demonstrated a dramatic enhance- which are required for operational effectiveness against ment of accuracy in comparison with standard projectiles. individual high-value targets as well as special operational Reconnaissance and fire control In addition, a three-fold reduction of the firing dispersion requirements, as “surgical” strike, in populated areas. The Group’s Vingtaqs II long-range reconnaissance, observation and surveillance system is a top product in the field of reconnaissance and fire control.

PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan (photo: German Bundeswehr)

Artillery remains indispensable in modern military operations – even in asymmetric conflicts. Its precision and firepower enable maximum scalability, ranging from a show of force using carefully placed warning shots to screening the movements of friendly units with smoke/ obscurant rounds, to denying the enemy access to critical terrain, breaking up enemy formations and destroying Vingtaqs II, vehicle-supported and dismounted (photo: Rheinmetall) high-value assets. Moreover, today’s “Disciples of St Bar- bara” also play a central role in joint tactical fire support For editorial questions please contact: Equipped with an electro-optical daytime/night time-capa- operations. ble visual sensor and a laser rangefinder, the Vingtaqs II Alexander Burger Rheinmetall supplies advanced, high-performance com- can determine the exact coordinates of a target at long dis- Geschäftsfeldmanager Deutschland ponents covering every link in the operational chain: re- tances from the position of the forward observer. A stand- JUNGHANS Microtec GmbH connaissance, command and control, and engagement. alone system, it can be deployed in static or dismounted Unterbergenweg 10 Another core competency of the Düsseldorf-based Group mode, or mounted on a wide variety of different vehicles. D-78655 Dunningen-Seedorf is its unsurpassed ability to network individual components The system also features instruments for laser-enabled Tel.: 0049 7402 181 - 325 into highly effective “systems of systems”. Finally, Rhein- target detection, making it suitable for forward air control- Fax: 0049 7402 181 - 400 metall’s outstanding simulation technology makes a major ler operations. The accuracy of target acquisition for indi- E-Mail: [email protected] contribution to preparing troops for battle. rect fire support attains Category 1 level. And owing to its

44 Reconnaissance, command and control, engagement, training – Rheinmetall as a partner of the artillery in the 21st century

Right from the start of its 125-year history, Rhein- metall has always been a trusted partner of the artillery corps. To this day, the pressing and drawing technique for seamless barrels developed by Rhein- metall founder Heinrich Ehrhardt is still used in modern guns. Given its longstanding experience and innovative competence in armoured vehicle technology, weapons, ammunition, reconnaissance sensors and networking as well as training and simulation solutions, Europe’s leading defence contractor offers a wide array of systems and products for 21st century artillery units. The 7.5 cm “System Ehrhardt” field gun – an early Rheinmetall product (photo: Rheinmetall)

Reconnaissance and fire control The Group’s Vingtaqs II long-range reconnaissance, observation and surveillance system is a top product in the field of reconnaissance and fire control.

PzH 2000 self-propelled howitzer in Afghanistan (photo: German Bundeswehr)

Artillery remains indispensable in modern military operations – even in asymmetric conflicts. Its precision and firepower enable maximum scalability, ranging from a show of force using carefully placed warning shots to screening the movements of friendly units with smoke/ obscurant rounds, to denying the enemy access to critical terrain, breaking up enemy formations and destroying Vingtaqs II, vehicle-supported and dismounted (photo: Rheinmetall) high-value assets. Moreover, today’s “Disciples of St Bar- bara” also play a central role in joint tactical fire support Equipped with an electro-optical daytime/night time-capa- operations. ble visual sensor and a laser rangefinder, the Vingtaqs II Rheinmetall supplies advanced, high-performance com- can determine the exact coordinates of a target at long dis- ponents covering every link in the operational chain: re- tances from the position of the forward observer. A stand- connaissance, command and control, and engagement. alone system, it can be deployed in static or dismounted Another core competency of the Düsseldorf-based Group mode, or mounted on a wide variety of different vehicles. is its unsurpassed ability to network individual components The system also features instruments for laser-enabled into highly effective “systems of systems”. Finally, Rhein- target detection, making it suitable for forward air control- metall’s outstanding simulation technology makes a major ler operations. The accuracy of target acquisition for indi- contribution to preparing troops for battle. rect fire support attains Category 1 level. And owing to its

45 outstanding modularity, it can be readily adapted to meet this assembly with a base bleed module, even under field to fire and high precision are assured. Able to move at high for the Norwegian programme is designed for the British individual customer requirements, e.g. by adding surveil- conditions. With a barrel length of 39 calibres, an Assegai speed from one firing position to another, the Wiesel 2 leP- L16A2 81mm mortar, but it can also be adapted to receive lance radar. Vingtaqs II meets the full gamut of require- BB projectile attains a range of over 30 kilometres. Fired zMrs is extremely well suited to hide-hit-run-hide tactics. 120mm mortars. ments for joint tactical fire support. from a 52-calibre barrel, the range can exceed 40 kilo- Besides high explosive, smoke/obscurant and illumination metres. The Assegai ammunition family complies fully with In addition, Rheinmetall offers a whole host of other de- rounds, Rheinmetall’s innovative family of 120mm ammu- the NATO Joint Ballistics Memorandum of Understanding vices for surveillance and fire control operations, including nition includes a newly developed propellant system. Long (JBMOU) and has been tested in accordance with STAN- the FOI 2000 forward observation system. This compact, maximum range (up to eight kilometres) and high preci- AG norms. Furthermore, Assegai rounds have been fired lightweight, advanced instrument was developed to ena- sion typify these state-of-the-art projectiles. successfully with the Panzerhaubitze 2000 self-propelled ble precise target acquisition day and night. howitzer. Rheinmetall intends to qualify the entire Assegai For artillery and mortar systems, Rheinmetall offers the family for NATO customers. Vingpos fire control system. It is suitable for self-pro- Rheinmetall’s modular propelling charge system, the pelled and towed artillery pieces as well as mortars. Ving- MPCS, was introduced in the German Bundeswehr in pos serves as an aid to navigation, surveying the firing 1996, codenamed the DM72 and DM82. Owing to height- position, and aiming. This substantially reduces the time ened operational requirements, the DM 72 was upgraded until the system can open fire. Furthermore, the Vingpos to the DM92, now safe for use in extreme climate zones at improves flexibility in positioning as well as overall accu- +63°C. The MTLS was developed and qualified for use in racy. NATO standard 155mm L39 and L52 guns, and is the only Target engagement: system anywhere that meets the requirements set out in 155mm weapon systems and ammunition the JBMOU. Armed with a Rheinmetall 155mm L52 gun, the PzH Target engagement: 120mm mortar systems 2000 self-propelled howitzer is widely considered to be Two recent additions to the Bundeswehr inventory are the the world’s most advanced and effective artillery system. 120mm mortar and Rheinmetall’s mobile Mortar Combat The weapon itself is characterized by extreme precision. 120mm mortar ammunition family (Foto: Rheinmetall) System, which uses the Wiesel fighting vehicle as a plat- Moreover, chrome plating and laser hardening assure a form. The Wiesel 2 lePzMrs mortar track serves as the ef- long service life. Thanks to its automatic loader, this ac- The IHE round is optimized for semi-hard targets. Apart fector of this lightweight, air-portable, networkable system curate and reliable weapon system achieves a high rate from substantially improved fragmentation, with the right of systems, which combines command, reconnaissance of fire, while attaining ranges of up to 30km with standard fuse it is capable of penetrating reinforced concrete in ac- and engagement capabilities. NATO shells, and up to 40km with extended range pro- cordance with STANAG 4536, while the HE version has all jectiles. The modularly designed gun can also be built the insensitive characteristics required by STANAG 4170. Vingpos mortar weapon system with built-in 81mm mortar (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de) into other self-propelled howitzers and field artillery sys- The smoke/obscurant projectile contains four smoke/ob- tems. scurant pods, whose design is based on the DM1560 in Training In order to address a broad spectrum of targets, modern the already-fielded 155mm smoke/obscurant round, the artillery systems require a balanced mix of highly effec- DM125. The smoke/obscurant compound used is the While simulation-supported training will never fully replace tive ammunition designed for different scenarios. Rhein- same, and is thus non-toxic. Moreover, it produces the the live-fire variety, it nevertheless offers valuable opportu- metall’s family of 155mm Assegai artillery ammunition same excellent concealment in the visual and infrared nities for low-cost initial, continuing and advanced training. meets this need. It comprises insensitive ammunition and spectrums. Here, too, Rheinmetall is one of the world’s leading suppli- conventional HE rounds as well as smoke/obscurant, il- ers of training and simulation technologies. Finally, the infrared/illumination round enables excel- lumination, infrared/illumination and other projectiles. In lent battlefield illumination in the IR spectrum from 0.7 to In cooperation with eurosimtec, Rheinmetall’s Training & ballistic terms, all members of the Assegai family are iden- 1.2μm, with a minimal signature in the visual spectrum for Simulation division has developed the Joint Fires Training tical. This assures that they are all able to attain their full approximately 45 seconds and a rate of descent of <6m/s. System, or JFTS. Among other things, it is used for train- range of around 40km. ing forward artillery and forward air observers, enabling Common to all of these 120mm mortar rounds is a propel- Standard Assegai rounds feature a conventional boat tail trainees to practise a full range of tactical air support pro- lant system based on El propellant powder, which displays assembly. To boost their range, the customer can replace cedures at all skill levels as well as calling in direct and excellent characteristics with regard to temperature stabil- indirect fire support. The system can be used for individual ity, energy content, storage and system compatibility. training of forward observers, joint terminal attack control- Rheinmetall also offers complete ammunition families for lers and laser operators. Team-level training for joint fire 81mm and 60mm mortars. support teams is also possible. Finally, the JFTS is suitable for higher-echelon training as well, and can also be On behalf of the Norwegian armed forces, Rheinmetall used in a mission rehearsal context. has also developed the Vingpos mortar weapon system. It consists of a carriage with integrated hydraulic recoil Modular and scalable, the JFTS is based on Rheinmetall’s Wiesel 2 lightweight mortar track shock absorbers, a customer-specific fire control comput- TacSi simulation technology, augmented by Virtual Bat- (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de) er, operator interface and base plate. tlespace (VBS), a well-known product from the serious gaming domain. As a result, the JFTS combines Rhein- Equipped with a low-recoil 120mm muzzle-loader mor- The carriage weighs around 618 kilos; with the base metall’s unsurpassed simulation expertise with tried-and- tar designed for conventional ammunition with a range of plate, the entire system comes to 998 kilos. Specifically tested serious gaming technology. This enhances custom- 8,000m as well as for terminal-phase guided munitions, designed for integration in the CV90 infantry fighting vehi- er acceptance, as VBS is used in simulation-supported the weapon is operated and reloaded from the safety of the cle, the system can also be deployed in dismounted mode. training worldwide. fighting compartment, which shields the crew from ballistic Target data is acquired via various sensors and command and NBC threats. Thanks to automatic laying, elevation and information systems, or entered manually. At the push JFTS meets the full range of military requirements, from and position determination, plus fully automatic correction of a button, the mortar orients itself in the direction of the lecture hall instruction to high-fidelity FAC simulations, Assegai ammunition family (photo: Rheinmetall) of the weapon position round after round, rapid readiness target, with a laying accuracy of under 5 mils. The carriage and is qualified for NATO standard operating procedures.

46 to fire and high precision are assured. Able to move at high for the Norwegian programme is designed for the British speed from one firing position to another, the Wiesel 2 leP- L16A2 81mm mortar, but it can also be adapted to receive zMrs is extremely well suited to hide-hit-run-hide tactics. 120mm mortars. Besides high explosive, smoke/obscurant and illumination rounds, Rheinmetall’s innovative family of 120mm ammunition includes a newly developed propellant system. Long maximum range (up to eight kilometres) and high precision typify these state-of-the-art projectiles.

120mm mortar ammunition family (Foto: Rheinmetall)

The IHE round is optimized for semi-hard targets. Apart from substantially improved fragmentation, with the right fuse it is capable of penetrating reinforced concrete in accordance with STANAG 4536, while the HE version has all the insensitive characteristics required by STANAG 4170. Vingpos mortar weapon system with built-in 81mm mortar (photo: JPW/www.strategie-technik.blogspot.de) The smoke/obscurant projectile contains four smoke/obscurant pods, whose design is based on the DM1560 in Training the already-fielded 155mm smoke/obscurant round, the DM125. The smoke/obscurant compound used is the While simulation-supported training will never fully replace same, and is thus non-toxic. Moreover, it produces the the live-fire variety, it nevertheless offers valuable opportu- same excellent concealment in the visual and infrared nities for low-cost initial, continuing and advanced training. spectrums. Here, too, Rheinmetall is one of the world’s leading suppli- ers of training and simulation technologies. Finally, the infrared/illumination round enables excellent battlefield illumination in the IR spectrum from 0.7 to In cooperation with eurosimtec, Rheinmetall’s Training & 1.2μm, with a minimal signature in the visual spectrum for Simulation division has developed the Joint Fires Training approximately 45 seconds and a rate of descent of <6m/s. System, or JFTS. Among other things, it is used for training forward artillery and forward air observers, enabling Common to all of these 120mm mortar rounds is a propel- trainees to practise a full range of tactical air support pro- lant system based on El propellant powder, which displays cedures at all skill levels as well as calling in direct and excellent characteristics with regard to temperature stabil- indirect fire support. The system can be used for individual ity, energy content, storage and system compatibility. training of forward observers, joint terminal attack control- Rheinmetall also offers complete ammunition families for lers and laser operators. Team-level training for joint fire 81mm and 60mm mortars. support teams is also possible. Finally, the JFTS is suitable for higher-echelon training as well, and can also be On behalf of the Norwegian armed forces, Rheinmetall used in a mission rehearsal context. has also developed the Vingpos mortar weapon system. It consists of a carriage with integrated hydraulic recoil Modular and scalable, the JFTS is based on Rheinmetall’s shock absorbers, a customer-specific fire control comput- TacSi simulation technology, augmented by Virtual Bat- er, operator interface and base plate. tlespace (VBS), a well-known product from the serious The carriage weighs around 618 kilos; with the base gaming domain. As a result, the JFTS combines Rhein- plate, the entire system comes to 998 kilos. Specifically metall’s unsurpassed simulation expertise with tried-and- designed for integration in the CV90 infantry fighting vehi- tested serious gaming technology. This enhances custom- cle, the system can also be deployed in dismounted mode. er acceptance, as VBS is used in simulation-supported Target data is acquired via various sensors and command training worldwide. and information systems, or entered manually. At the push JFTS meets the full range of military requirements, from of a button, the mortar orients itself in the direction of the lecture hall instruction to high-fidelity FAC simulations, target, with a laying accuracy of under 5 mils. The carriage and is qualified for NATO standard operating procedures.

47 The eye of the JFST: The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA II

Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has been developing, manufacturing and producing highly modern optical and optronic devices for military, civilian and security applications for more than 120 years. They are used for monitoring, identifying and classifying and for precise measuring, evaluating and targeting. We are proud to support the world’s leading armed and security forces with our field-proven equipment. Our optronic devices are used for sea, land, air and space missions on a number of platforms. These include submarines and armoured vehicles as well as airplanes, satellites and UAVs. Our systems make rapid and detailed reconnaissance for border security and the protection of critical infrastructure around the JFST soldier of the German 313st Airborne world possible. Battalion in action (Photo: Bundeswehr/FSchJgBtl 313) Since October 2012 the company has combined the optical and optronic precision technology from Carl Zeiss Optronics with the know-how of Airbus Defence and Space as a global market leader in defence and security technology. Customer-specific sensors, weapons and C4I assets can Outlook be incorporated into the system, contributing to a compre- Throughout much of its 125-year history, Rheinmetall has hensive, highly realistic training experience. maintained close ties to the world of artillery. The Group As part of the introduction of the “Armed Forces Joint imager with those of the daytime camera. That lets the sol- continues to build on the tremendous know-how it has ac- Rheinmetall and eurosimtec are currently drawing on their Tactical Fire Support” (JFS), the Bundeswehr procured a dier recognize details not visible to the human eye, to then cumulated over the decades, ensuring it will go on serving JFTS experience and expertise to complete a recent- modified version of the Light Armoured Reconnaissance take the best decision on the basis of the optimized im- artillery users for many years to come, steadily perfecting ly won order for regenerating the BT33 gunnery training Vehicle FENNEK for Joint Fire Support Teams (JFST). It age. The BAA II furthermore consists of an eye-safe laser their reconnaissance, networking, command, fire control, simulator. differs significantly in the domain of the optronic sensors. rangefinder and a laser target illuminator. With these, the engagement, logistics and training capabilities. While the vehicle of the Army Reconnaissance Troops soldier can mark, illuminate and assign targets, thus short- (Heeresaufklärungstruppe) is equipped with the Surveil- ening the overall reaction time required. The target data lance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA I, the Artillery’s identified by the BAA II can be processed by the ADLER capability requirements concerning their equipment (BAA combat and weapon control system (CWCS). The devel- II) were considerably higher. As a result of technological opers at Airbus DS Optronics were able to significantly in- progress we were able to include newer sensors that were crease the laser range finding performance as compared not yet available on the market at the time of the BAA I to the BAA I and to improve the ranges considerably. procurement. Both, the cooled thermal imager ATTICA and the CCD daytime camera (Charge-Coupled Device) offer four fields of view. These grant the viewer both, a broad overview as well as the possibility to recognize even the smallest details. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform allows the user to recognize targets at a distance of up to 16 kilometres and to ac- Author: curately identify them at up to 5 kilometres. Team of authors, Rheinmetall Defence The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Plat- form is set to support the soldier’s work, Point of contact at Rheinmetall: particularly on long missions. Thanks to the Oliver Hoffmann new image processing software, the user no longer needs to watch the screen continu- Head of Public Relations ously, which in the past often led to fatigue Rheinmetall-Platz 1 phenomena. The automatic motion detection D-40476 Düsseldorf supports the soldier when monitoring the bat- Phone: +49 (0) 211 473-4748 tlefield for a long time and warns him, if and when a potential threat approaches. E-Mail: [email protected] The BAA II is equipped with modern high performance sen- Internet: www.rheinmetall-defence.com sors: a high resolution CCD camera and a cooled thermal The BAA II can be used outside the vehicle with a remote imager of the third generation (“ATTICA”). The generation control. Without having to adjust the BAA II, it can be used change from OPHELIOS to ATTICA was a crucial step, as on a pole or a tripod for example. Its modular design al- ATTICA offers an image quality that significantly exceeds lows the system to be easily integrated into already ex- that of the previous model OPHELIOS. The modern image isting information and command systems and optionally fusion function allows to combine the data of the thermal upgrade it at any time. 48 The eye of the JFST: The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA II

As part of the introduction of the “Armed Forces Joint imager with those of the daytime camera. That lets the sol- Tactical Fire Support” (JFS), the Bundeswehr procured a dier recognize details not visible to the human eye, to then modified version of the Light Armoured Reconnaissance take the best decision on the basis of the optimized im- Vehicle FENNEK for Joint Fire Support Teams (JFST). It age. The BAA II furthermore consists of an eye-safe laser differs significantly in the domain of the optronic sensors. rangefinder and a laser target illuminator. With these, the While the vehicle of the Army Reconnaissance Troops soldier can mark, illuminate and assign targets, thus short- (Heeresaufklärungstruppe) is equipped with the Surveil- ening the overall reaction time required. The target data lance and Reconnaissance Platform BAA I, the Artillery’s identified by the BAA II can be processed by the ADLER capability requirements concerning their equipment (BAA combat and weapon control system (CWCS). The devel- II) were considerably higher. As a result of technological opers at Airbus DS Optronics were able to significantly in- progress we were able to include newer sensors that were crease the laser range finding performance as compared not yet available on the market at the time of the BAA I to the BAA I and to improve the ranges considerably. procurement. Both, the cooled thermal imager ATTICA and the CCD daytime camera (Charge-Coupled Device) offer four fields of view. These grant the viewer both, a broad overview as well as the possibility to recognize even the smallest details. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Platform allows the user to recognize targets at a distance of up to 16 kilometres and to accurately identify them at up to 5 kilometres. The Surveillance and Reconnaissance Plat- form is set to support the soldier’s work, particularly on long missions. Thanks to the new image processing software, the user no longer needs to watch the screen continuously, which in the past often led to fatigue phenomena. The automatic motion detection supports the soldier when monitoring the battlefield for a long time and warns him, if and when a potential threat approaches. The BAA II is equipped with modern high performance sensors: a high resolution CCD camera and a cooled thermal The BAA II can be used outside the vehicle with a remote imager of the third generation (“ATTICA”). The generation control. Without having to adjust the BAA II, it can be used change from OPHELIOS to ATTICA was a crucial step, as on a pole or a tripod for example. Its modular design al- ATTICA offers an image quality that significantly exceeds lows the system to be easily integrated into already ex- that of the previous model OPHELIOS. The modern image isting information and command systems and optionally fusion function allows to combine the data of the thermal upgrade it at any time. 49 BAA “New Generation” (BAA NG) is an option for future procurements of the Fennek JFST, the projected “heavy JFST” and “air transportable JFST”, as well as for a conceivable product improvement of the existent Fennek JFST. For instance, Airbus DS Optronics offers a new colour camera, that was developed in-house. Joint Fire Support – As a result of the technological progress very powerful colour cameras can now meet the range requirements of the JFST. That was not yet the case more flexibility with guided missiles when the Fennek JFST was projected. For the user that signifies a number of advantages, including a significantly facilitated target identification for the crew. With the BAA II, the German artillery has very powerful and mission-proven sensor technology at its command. Based on the continued development of the sensors, a further increase in performance for the overall system Joint Fires / STF will be possible in a few years.

Airbus DS Optronics GmbH has analysed the operational experience to date in close cooperation with the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and In-Ser- vice Support (BAAINBw), the Army Concepts and Capabilities Development Centre (Amt für Heeresentwicklung), the Artillery School and mission-experienced JFSTs. MBDA Germany’s Joint Fire Support-Missile These experiences are already included in the development of the successor system of the BAA II. On the grounds of its modularity, this Joint fire support is a key to success in all ground oper- effect, and between combating point and area targets. The ations on account of its enormous fire power, its rapid concept also can be used for special forces as well as for response time and the constant threat it poses to hos- air- and seaborne effect against ground targets. tile combatants. And it will always be so – provided that legacy systems can keep up with the emerging scenar- Particularly the requirement for indirect fire against point ios of tomorrow’s battlefields. A new concept of MBDA targets in urban environments and difficult terrain against Deutschland provides the use of guided missiles within all mechanised, armoured and unarmoured irregular forces armed forces in joint fire support missions. Guided mis- presents a special challenge for today’s systems. Joint fire siles will facilitate combating stationary point targets and support missions involving different service branches re- moving targets from short ranges up to over 150km – par- quire interservice planning and coordination. Contact: ticularly in complex scenarios. The conceptual approach Wolfgang Geiß of a Joint Fire Support Missile Family, is based on the use The Joint Fire Support Missile project of MBDA Germa- Airbus DS Optronics GmbH of technologies already available, including existing sys- ny takes into account a variety of aspects to achieve en- Carl-Zeiss-Strasse 22 tems and platforms, and is able to be realised within a hanced flexibility through the use of guided missiles: D-73447 Oberkochen short period of time at low cost. • Integration in the reconnaissance-command and Telephone: +49 7364 9557-245 control-fire support loop The requirements of the capability profile regarding effects Facsimile: +49 7364 502 4907 • Scalable effect on target and the exceptional importance of joint fire sup- Mobile: +49 171 2246946 port on the future battlefield formed the basis for all project • Missile trajectory and target planning [email protected] considerations. Within this capability profile, a distinction • Mission abort capability www.airbusdefenceandspace.com is made between the ground-based direct and indirect • Joint Fire Support Missile Family

50 Joint Fire Support – more flexibility with guided missiles

MBDA Germany’s Joint Fire Support-Missile

Joint fire support is a key to success in all ground oper- effect, and between combating point and area targets. The ations on account of its enormous fire power, its rapid concept also can be used for special forces as well as for response time and the constant threat it poses to hos- air- and seaborne effect against ground targets. tile combatants. And it will always be so – provided that legacy systems can keep up with the emerging scenar- Particularly the requirement for indirect fire against point ios of tomorrow’s battlefields. A new concept of MBDA targets in urban environments and difficult terrain against Deutschland provides the use of guided missiles within all mechanised, armoured and unarmoured irregular forces armed forces in joint fire support missions. Guided mis- presents a special challenge for today’s systems. Joint fire siles will facilitate combating stationary point targets and support missions involving different service branches re- moving targets from short ranges up to over 150km – par- quire interservice planning and coordination. ticularly in complex scenarios. The conceptual approach of a Joint Fire Support Missile Family, is based on the use The Joint Fire Support Missile project of MBDA Germa- of technologies already available, including existing sys- ny takes into account a variety of aspects to achieve en- tems and platforms, and is able to be realised within a hanced flexibility through the use of guided missiles: short period of time at low cost. • Integration in the reconnaissance-command and control-fire support loop The requirements of the capability profile regarding effects • Scalable effect on target and the exceptional importance of joint fire support on the future battlefield formed the basis for all project • Missile trajectory and target planning considerations. Within this capability profile, a distinction • Mission abort capability is made between the ground-based direct and indirect • Joint Fire Support Missile Family

51 Integration in the reconnaissance-command and explosive is prevented from detonating and is modified to not yet been clarified completely. For example, it is not folio to be fired from different platforms. Implementation is control-fire support loop ensure that no residual explosive remains. The technology clear on what basis and when the abort decision is taken possible with minimum additional cost and effort. is tested and can be used in a wide range of effectors. or where an effector should impact the ground and at what In order to precisely combat point targets, effectors must The joint fire support approach additionally presents the distance. Nevertheless, technologies, to enable mission be able to navigate and hit very precise. The precision of opportunity to reduce costs for training and logistics signif- Missile trajectory and target planning abort capability, already exist. the effector depends on the reconnaissance-command icantly using a family concept. and control-fire support loop. For instance, imprecise Experts predict that the complexity of today’s battlefields Joint Fire Support Missile Family determination of own position and angular errors in will increase further in future. The battlefield will become The solutions outlined here open up new solutions for joint reconnaissance contribute to target location error. In com- even more difficult to keep track of: while own forces must In the past, missile developments in particular were initi- fire support missions. The bundling of the optimum use of mand and control, planners are confronted with different engage opponents amid civilian infrastructure, airspace ated from the scratch, to meet the capability requirement. reconnaissance, command and control and precise long- reference systems, which could lead to rounding errors coordination will concurrently become ever more complex That is no longer possible in times of shrinking budgets. range effectors in the mission area ensures the greatest during transformation of coordinates. Hit accuracy is gen- due to the deployment of allied manned or unmanned air- The MBDA concept responds to this challenge with modu- possible protection of soldiers. In this context MBDA Ger- erally restricted due to navigation errors of the effectors borne systems. Guided missiles would give Joint Fire Sup- lar guided missile concepts – the Joint Fire Support Missile many has been developed a new Joint Fire Support sim- and external factors such as beam divergence and update port commanders the option of planning the missile trajec- Family. It is based on the use of off-the-shelf components. ulation environment specifically to adapt the conceptual rate of laser target illuminators. Solutions on the basis of tory, cruising altitude and target impact: a potentially major This modularized approach enables a varied weapon port- design to the needs of armed forces. 3D terrain data for target location and designation will help advantage. All these functions enable missions that would to minimize those errors. otherwise be impossible. For example, a guided missile is able to spear its way through busy airspace regions. After This method is fully passive (no electromagnetic emission) being launched, the missile would quickly descend to an and enables GPS-independent target designation. Also, altitude between 2,000 and 3,000 meters without endan- this method is complete independent on the perspective of gering UAVs and rotary wing aircraft operating at altitudes involved sensors and on the target signature. A reconnais- of up to 2000m and larger airborne platforms in an altitude sance-command and control-fire support loop based on above 3000m. 3D data facilitates a phased approach that enables effect through standoff-capable and even more precise combating of point targets. Particularly in the area of 3D target designation, MBDA Germany has many years of experience with the operational weapon system TAURUS KEPD 350.

Joint Fire Support simulation environment at MBDA Germany

Joint Fire Support missile trajectory and target planning

Definition of flight corridors is not necessary, minimizing the overhead for airspace coordination. Solutions on the basis of 3D terrain data for target location and designation are available The precision strike capability of guided missiles simplifies Scalable effect operations, minimizes the risk of collateral damage and reduces mission costs. Today, missions in asymmetrical scenarios call for high precision and a warhead with an effectiveness accurately Mission abort capability adapted to the type of target in order to minimize or completely avoid collateral damages. The German warhead Technically, implementing mission abort capabilities in ef- systems company TDW has developed a new effector fectors is simple. A variety of solution possibilities are con- technology with which armed forces can achieve scala- ceivable, such as target change, controlled crash or de- Contact: ble target adapted effectiveness. This advanced warhead struction of the effector in flight. A target change requires MBDA Deutschland GmbH technology provides new capabilities for joint fire support either a link to the effector, e.g. an RF datalink, or, within Jörg Müller, BDF missions: what is detonated is just a pre-selectable propor- extremely narrow parameters, can be realized using a la- Hagenauer Forst 27 tion of the explosive, sufficient to meet the requirements ser target illuminator. For a controlled crash or destruction D-86529 Schrobenhausen and not a detonation of the entire warhead. It enables the in flight, by contrast, the question of UXO formation and E-Mail: [email protected] effect of the warhead to be adjusted to match the mission the resulting damage zone must be discussed. In princi- requirement even shortly before impact. The remaining ple, the operational parameters for this functionality have

52 not yet been clarified completely. For example, it is not folio to be fired from different platforms. Implementation is clear on what basis and when the abort decision is taken possible with minimum additional cost and effort. or where an effector should impact the ground and at what The joint fire support approach additionally presents the distance. Nevertheless, technologies, to enable mission opportunity to reduce costs for training and logistics signif- abort capability, already exist. icantly using a family concept. Joint Fire Support Missile Family The solutions outlined here open up new solutions for joint In the past, missile developments in particular were initi- fire support missions. The bundling of the optimum use of ated from the scratch, to meet the capability requirement. reconnaissance, command and control and precise long- That is no longer possible in times of shrinking budgets. range effectors in the mission area ensures the greatest The MBDA concept responds to this challenge with modu- possible protection of soldiers. In this context MBDA Ger- lar guided missile concepts – the Joint Fire Support Missile many has been developed a new Joint Fire Support sim- Family. It is based on the use of off-the-shelf components. ulation environment specifically to adapt the conceptual This modularized approach enables a varied weapon port- design to the needs of armed forces.

Joint Fire Support simulation environment at MBDA Germany

Contact: MBDA Deutschland GmbH Jörg Müller, BDF Hagenauer Forst 27 D-86529 Schrobenhausen E-Mail: [email protected]

53 ADLER III HMI or integrated in ADLER without an extra HMI, with Artillery Command & Control and without virtual machines for easy integration in other From 2009 until 2012 ESG developed the third upgrade systems. System ADLER – of ADLER which had a focus on Joint Fire Support procedures. Since 2013 the adaption of the conversion of all Mobile Command & Control Equipment (MOBIFAST) connected systems as shown in picture “ADLER network” For dismounted operations ESG designed a mobile Com- The backbone for Joint Fire Support is taking place. After this ADLER III will be rolled out in the mand & Control Equipment named MOBIFAST which con- German artillery and providing the backbone for Joint Fire nects via radio to the ADLER network and to the sensor support for the German Forces. system Nyxus of the dismounted Joint Fire Support Team The HMI of ADLER III is, according to the expectations of (JFST). MOBIFAST allows the JFST to leave their vehicle a new generation of users, optimised for use by touch. The and still have the full capabilities as mounted on the vehi- History of the German Since the mid-1980s interoperability became also a task user is guided through the system by traffic light colors cle. The software part of MOBIFAST incorporates also the Command & Control System ADLER for ADLER. In 1985 a first interoperability test between AD- and significant symbols. This leads directly to a shorter functionality of Rosetta Firestorm, to which a direct inter- LER and the United States Army system TacFire took place Since the beginning of the 1980s ESG is responsible training time, less stress faster usage and more safety by face for information exchange was realised, so that Roset- which encouraged all involved personnel to proceed. At for the development of the Command & Control System the usage of the system. ta information can be pushed into the ADLER network and the beginning of the 1990s it was decided to join the three ADLER for the German artillery. In more than 30 years the other way around. artillery interoperability programmes between USA&DEU, Firefights as well as orders and the responses to these are of partnership with the German artillery ESG developed a DEU&GBR and GBR&USA. The result of this fusion was graphically reprocessed for the user by workflows. So the Interface container Tactical Data Links world-wide unique tactical and technical understanding of the Artillery Systems Cooperation Activities (ASCA), which user gets at a glance the status of the overall workflow, the Joint Fire Support the procedures for the artillerymen in the field. involved units and his opportunities of action. became a true success for interoperability of the attached To realise Joint Fire Support a common (joint) informa- ADLER I was the first enrolment in the year 1995. It con- armies. Soon after forming ASCA the French and Italian The Decision Support Tool prioritizes incoming Target Re- tion space between army, air force and navy is imminent. nected all sensors and effectors of the German artillery artillery joined the programme. The latest member within ports according to values set by the user as origin of the While the air force and navy is used to work in interna- and gave a totally new freedom and availability to the user. ASCA that proved it’s interoperability within the Operation- target report, area of the target, Joint High Value / Joint tional environments even with their command and control Due to the networked communication line the Forward al Evaluation (OE) is Turkey. Since 2004 ASCA is fielded High-Pay-Off Target List, age of the target report, etc. system, the army is not. This and the totally different base Observer (FO) did not have to work with only one static in all involved countries and proved it’s operational value When the user decides to fight against a target ADLER of communication infrastructure is the reason why air force howitzer platoon. With ADLER he was able to just issue a in many multinational exercises since than. suggests with which combination of effectors the engage- and navy use international communication networks like target report with a specified desired effect and his superi- ments should be done. This suggestion is calculated by Link16 or Variable Message Format (VMF) for a long time ors would decide with which platoon the forward observer In 2006 ADLER II was fielded as a major upgrade to AD- the availability & range of the different effectors, their pay- and the army does not. would fight. This did not only accelerate the workflow, but LER I. ADLER II received a new Human-Machine-Inter- load / ammunition according to the desired effect. The ef- gave him and his superiors a much greater availability of face (HMI) which provided the user in a more direct way to fectors within ADLER III are not limited to artillery systems platoons as they were able to fall back to the artillery of the interact with the system and gave him also a better map and incorporate also air force and navy assets. whole division and not only of their brigade. based situational picture compared to ADLER I. ADLER has the ability to use a wide bandwidth of tactical radios from HF until UHF and provides near-realtime communication with these. Automatic routing over the ADLER network allows to use different radios for different tactical levels. For example a command post may hold a satellite connection to a Forward Observer and a HF connection to an effector. By the usage of ADLER all messages between the FO and the effectors are automatically transferred over the command post without any interaction of a third entity. The system also incorporates a chat-function which allows single and groupchats comparable to smartphones by the usage of the above mentioned radio network. The user has for every message within the chat a status, that tells him if the message was successfully transferred, delivered to and read by the chat partner. The chat module also has Workstations in the interface container a XMPP interface to connect to standard Chatservers as The mission of the Interface container is to solve this prob- for example used by the NATO (i.e. JChat). lem. It connects the army using the ADLER network to the All ADLER entities which use a Global Navigation Satellite air force and navy using Link16, VMF and a ADLER inter- System (GNSS) can provide their position over the radio face using HF communication for the newest frigate of the network to other entities. The user decides by which tacti- German navy. cal symbol according to APP6 he wants to be represented Moreover the interface container also solves a security is- on the other systems. Moreover he is able to decide how sue, that came up with Joint Fire Support: Due to German often his position should be updated by time and covered regulations the tactical level of the German army cannot distance. work with information systems classified higher than con- As shown in picture “Adler network” ADLER is connec- fidential. The air force and navy normally works with in- ted to many different sensors and effectors. To minimize formation systems classified secret. To solve this issue the work costs with individual software releases and ne- the security gateway was installed, that separates the two cessary adaptions ESG developed the interface module, security spaces and only allows information to pass, if it which provides simple XML-standard information to other has the right security level. systems and tactical information to the user. The interface With the interface container all assets of the air force ADLER network with connected entities module is highly flexible and can be used with it’s own and navy as well as information provided by these can

54 ADLER III HMI or integrated in ADLER without an extra HMI, with and without virtual machines for easy integration in other From 2009 until 2012 ESG developed the third upgrade systems. of ADLER which had a focus on Joint Fire Support procedures. Since 2013 the adaption of the conversion of all Mobile Command & Control Equipment (MOBIFAST) connected systems as shown in picture “ADLER network” For dismounted operations ESG designed a mobile Com- is taking place. After this ADLER III will be rolled out in the mand & Control Equipment named MOBIFAST which con- German artillery and providing the backbone for Joint Fire nects via radio to the ADLER network and to the sensor support for the German Forces. system Nyxus of the dismounted Joint Fire Support Team The HMI of ADLER III is, according to the expectations of (JFST). MOBIFAST allows the JFST to leave their vehicle a new generation of users, optimised for use by touch. The and still have the full capabilities as mounted on the vehi- user is guided through the system by traffic light colors cle. The software part of MOBIFAST incorporates also the and significant symbols. This leads directly to a shorter functionality of Rosetta Firestorm, to which a direct inter- training time, less stress faster usage and more safety by face for information exchange was realised, so that Roset- the usage of the system. ta information can be pushed into the ADLER network and the other way around. Firefights as well as orders and the responses to these are graphically reprocessed for the user by workflows. So the Interface container Tactical Data Links user gets at a glance the status of the overall workflow, the Joint Fire Support involved units and his opportunities of action. To realise Joint Fire Support a common (joint) informa- The Decision Support Tool prioritizes incoming Target Re- tion space between army, air force and navy is imminent. ports according to values set by the user as origin of the While the air force and navy is used to work in interna- target report, area of the target, Joint High Value / Joint tional environments even with their command and control High-Pay-Off Target List, age of the target report, etc. system, the army is not. This and the totally different base When the user decides to fight against a target ADLER of communication infrastructure is the reason why air force suggests with which combination of effectors the engage- and navy use international communication networks like ments should be done. This suggestion is calculated by Link16 or Variable Message Format (VMF) for a long time the availability & range of the different effectors, their pay- and the army does not. load / ammunition according to the desired effect. The effectors within ADLER III are not limited to artillery systems and incorporate also air force and navy assets. ADLER has the ability to use a wide bandwidth of tactical radios from HF until UHF and provides near-realtime communication with these. Automatic routing over the ADLER network allows to use different radios for different tactical levels. For example a command post may hold a satellite connection to a Forward Observer and a HF connection to an effector. By the usage of ADLER all messages between the FO and the effectors are automatically transferred over the command post without any interaction of a third entity. The system also incorporates a chat-function which allows single and groupchats comparable to smartphones by the usage of the above mentioned radio network. The user has for every message within the chat a status, that tells him if the message was successfully transferred, delivered to and read by the chat partner. The chat module also has Workstations in the interface container a XMPP interface to connect to standard Chatservers as The mission of the Interface container is to solve this prob- for example used by the NATO (i.e. JChat). lem. It connects the army using the ADLER network to the All ADLER entities which use a Global Navigation Satellite air force and navy using Link16, VMF and a ADLER inter- System (GNSS) can provide their position over the radio face using HF communication for the newest frigate of the network to other entities. The user decides by which tacti- German navy. cal symbol according to APP6 he wants to be represented Moreover the interface container also solves a security is- on the other systems. Moreover he is able to decide how sue, that came up with Joint Fire Support: Due to German often his position should be updated by time and covered regulations the tactical level of the German army cannot distance. work with information systems classified higher than con- As shown in picture “Adler network” ADLER is connec- fidential. The air force and navy normally works with in- ted to many different sensors and effectors. To minimize formation systems classified secret. To solve this issue the work costs with individual software releases and ne- the security gateway was installed, that separates the two cessary adaptions ESG developed the interface module, security spaces and only allows information to pass, if it which provides simple XML-standard information to other has the right security level. systems and tactical information to the user. The interface With the interface container all assets of the air force module is highly flexible and can be used with it’s own and navy as well as information provided by these can

55 be used by the German army and the other way around. TARANIS® Theatre Simulation & Training This means, for example that the German artillery has TARANIS® Theatre is the solution for the highest com- via ADLER a direct connection to an air force fighter mand levels. It is designed for office like working environ- bomber. More than this the interface container enables ments and supports service oriented architectures. There- Train where you fight the German army not only to joint operations but also fore the TARANIS® Theatre user interface is completely Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) by Saab – to combined ones as Link16 and VMF are international webbased. TARANIS® Theatre comes with a wide range standards. of interoperability standards like Multilateral Interoperabil- Virtual training solution close to reality on the battle field Joint Fire Support Coordination Team ity Programme (MIP) Baseline 2 and 3.1, NATO Friendly Forces Information (NFFI), ADEM, NATO Vector Graphics In the German Joint Fire Support Process the first coor- (NVG), Automatic Identification System (AIS) and many ally concerning the region, the opponent and for the dination element is the Joint Fire Support Coordination more. armed forces-common fire fight near to reality and al- Team (JFSCT). It is equipped with the armoured trans- low the other a programmable and when required also port vehicle Fuchs, in which the whole IT equipment was TARANIS® Battlefield changeable practise course. planned and designed by ESG. The JFSCT Fuchs can be TARANIS® Battlefield is the solution for the tactical level mission specific equipped with different radios according in single vehicles and mobile command posts. ADLER is a by the user. The wide range of support reaches from HF derivate from TARANIS® Battlefield. up to UHF for satellite communication. TARANIS® Soldier The newest part of TARANIS® is TARANIS® Soldier. It is especially designed for dismounted soldiers and uses Smartphones and Tablets. It is designed to give soldiers a fast and easy connection to the next higher level and provides therefore all main functions as Situational Aware- View out of a FAC/JTAC training position. ness using maps and APP6 symbols, messaging and For the armed forces in use application which want chat. TARANIS® Soldier can be easily connected to exter- to carry out exercises to educate their troops clo- nal sensors. With augmented reality the system provides se to reality in the battle field, are training systems a better situational awareness especially in markless en- at a reasonable price and actual application training viron ments like deserts or jungels. systems, supported on an exhaustive and radio-supported communication infrastructure of the highest ESG was selected as the supplier of the Joint Fire Support importance. In meeting of increasing asymmetrical Exercise battle field with participating training stations. C²IS for the federal armed forces of Germany, because of menaces military discussions cannot be fought any more by troops of a single part quarrel strength, but more than 40 years of ESG experience and competence With the possibility becoming more slightly active Close must be fought accordingly of the respective abilities in IT solutions for armed forces. The predecessor versions Air Support (CAS) by fighter aircrafts during exercises, the armed forces-together. In addition, experiences have of ADLER III, which were also developed by ESG, were need arises in qualified Forward Air Controller (FAC) to tar- shown that an application-preparatory training, based fielded and proved in combat in the Afghanistan and Koso- get announcements and coordination of own land troops on the local occurrences available in the operational vo theatre. and air attacks within the scope of the Close Air Support. Inside the JFSCT Fuchs area and environmental conditions, is of essential meaning for the fight ability of the troops. Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) With this vehicle the JFSCT is able to support different missions with different communication ranges. Saab‘s Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFTS®) is able to close exactly this unsatisfied demand. JFIST® is a joint Joint Fire Support Coordination Group fires training solution, which can support the education for The next level for the coordination elements is called Joint the application of linked weapons by supply of complica- ted combat scenarios under use of a variety of platforms, Fire Suport Coordination Group (JFSCG). The JFSCG is sensors and ammunition kinds in special area forms. the first level in which all representatives of all military branches are present. The ESG concept of the JFSCG JFIST ® is already in use by armed forces and finds out a consists of three standard 20-feet-container, which can high recognition and satisfaction of the users in all phases be interconnected by replacing the sides of the contain- of the training from base education up to the illustration of combat scenarios close to reality. As a precursor, the Joint er. This gives the whole personnel of the group enough Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) was already developed space for their individual workstations, which are all inter- in 2005 on basis of the US doctrine “Tactics, Techniques, connected by a collaboration network. Big screens at one Procedures (TTP)”after evaluation by topical operations. side of the container available to all workstations allow to show relevant information for planning, decision and ESGs concept of the JFSCG In narrow cooperation of Saab experts and military users briefings. of the armed forces, the JFIST® was finally brought into first use in 2009. From the outset the system of the pro- ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH gressive development was adapted with simulation sys- TARANIS Networked Enabled Solution Suite Elements of a virtual scenario. D-82256 Furstenfeldbruck, Germany tems and changes of the application procedures as well ADLER III and all of the above shortly described JFS solu- Livry-Gargan-Str. 6 as the military equipment according to the guidelines of tions profit from the ESG development of the TARANIS® The Swedish armament group Saab offers for nume- Andreas Schiel Simulated Military Equipment (SME). Networked Enabled Solution Suite (TARANIS® NESS). rous forces worldwide simulation for education. Sin- Project Manager The development of the Suite began in 2006 and is con- ce middle of 1980 Saab also supports the German JFIST® supports the whole spectrum of training duties within Maritime & Ground Systems Division the scope NATO-STANAG 3797 - JTAC MOA (Joint Terminal tinuously adapted to the needs of customers. TARANIS® Bundeswehr with the simulator-supported combat Business Unit Tactical Systems training systems for armoured vehicles and antitank Attack Controller - Memorandum of Agreement) and would NESS allows ESG to rapidly build customer specific sys- Phone: +49 89 9216-2012 weapons as part of the duel simulator programm be also usable to the education according to the concept tems. TARANIS® consists of three building blocks, that Fax: +49 89 9216-16-2012 “Ausbildungsgeräte Duellsimulator/Education Device “Streitkräftegemeinsame Taktische Feuerunterstützung/Joint represent different tactical levels and working environ- E-Mail: [email protected] Duel Simulator (AGDUS)”. Saab has now created with Fires Support (STF)” of the German Bundeswehr. JFIST® ments. Of course all three building blocks are completely Internet: http://www.esg.de the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) a platform is a system basing on Windows and can be pursued with interoperable with each other. with which application scenarios can be shown virtu- customary standard PCs as well as with laptops. On account

56 Simulation & Training Train where you fight Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) by Saab – Virtual training solution close to reality on the battle field

ally concerning the region, the opponent and for the armed forces-common fire fight near to reality and allow the other a programmable and when required also changeable practise course.

View out of a FAC/JTAC training position. For the armed forces in use application which want to carry out exercises to educate their troops close to reality in the battle field, are training systems at a reasonable price and actual application training systems, supported on an exhaustive and radio-supported communication infrastructure of the highest importance. In meeting of increasing asymmetrical menaces military discussions cannot be fought any Exercise battle field with participating training stations. more by troops of a single part quarrel strength, but With the possibility becoming more slightly active Close must be fought accordingly of the respective abilities Air Support (CAS) by fighter aircrafts during exercises, the armed forces-together. In addition, experiences have need arises in qualified Forward Air Controller (FAC) to tar- shown that an application-preparatory training, based get announcements and coordination of own land troops on the local occurrences available in the operational and air attacks within the scope of the Close Air Support. area and environmental conditions, is of essential meaning for the fight ability of the troops. Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) Saab‘s Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFTS®) is able to close exactly this unsatisfied demand. JFIST® is a joint fires training solution, which can support the education for the application of linked weapons by supply of complica- ted combat scenarios under use of a variety of platforms, sensors and ammunition kinds in special area forms. JFIST ® is already in use by armed forces and finds out a high recognition and satisfaction of the users in all phases of the training from base education up to the illustration of combat scenarios close to reality. As a precursor, the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) was already developed in 2005 on basis of the US doctrine “Tactics, Techniques, Procedures (TTP)”after evaluation by topical operations. In narrow cooperation of Saab experts and military users of the armed forces, the JFIST® was finally brought into first use in 2009. From the outset the system of the pro- gressive development was adapted with simulation sys- Elements of a virtual scenario. tems and changes of the application procedures as well as the military equipment according to the guidelines of The Swedish armament group Saab offers for nume- Simulated Military Equipment (SME). rous forces worldwide simulation for education. Sin- ce middle of 1980 Saab also supports the German JFIST® supports the whole spectrum of training duties within Bundeswehr with the simulator-supported combat the scope NATO-STANAG 3797 - JTAC MOA (Joint Terminal training systems for armoured vehicles and antitank Attack Controller - Memorandum of Agreement) and would weapons as part of the duel simulator programm be also usable to the education according to the concept “Ausbildungsgeräte Duellsimulator/Education Device “Streitkräftegemeinsame Taktische Feuerunterstützung/Joint Duel Simulator (AGDUS)”. Saab has now created with Fires Support (STF)” of the German Bundeswehr. JFIST® the Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST®) a platform is a system basing on Windows and can be pursued with with which application scenarios can be shown virtu- customary standard PCs as well as with laptops. On account

57 of the modular structure of JFIST® an integration of special hardware and software is possible with only low risk. JFIST® is more than only one system with given procedure expiries, but allows the simulation of combat scenarios which are leant very closely to realistic situations on the battle field. The system can be used for so called “Single Role Training” and for “Collaborative Training” and is also offered as a portable mobile solution. Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer Using the Single Role Training, it can be trained under the following positions: Training work station. – Forward Air Controller, You bury your soaking hands under your chest trying The JFIST team holds a holistic approach to the aspects to get some heat into your fingers; they are so numb af- of Joint Fires training; they believe it’s not only about the – Joint Fires Observers oder Close Air Support Obser- vers, Simulated Military Equipment (SME) ter lying in the same spot for 48Hrs. Now you need to JTAC or Forward Observer in the field but also important write the target coordinates down but you can hardly feel to train the decision makers involved in merging informa- – Laser Operators, High fidelity in feel and function the protractor in your hand as you try to align it with the tion from different assets, for example UAS feeds with – Forward Observers, Several SMEs can be connected to one position grid-lines on your map. Even the simplest tasks can be- information from an Electronic Warfare unit. You should – Fire Support Officers, SME can easily be changed between exercises come a challenge when exposed to the reality a soldier effectively be able to train all roles and if needed, try a – On Scene Commander, All channels are synchronized or an officer experience in the field; yet every millimeter new constellation for test and evaluation purposes. – Joint Fires Cell Personnel and All views and settings can be recorded and viewed at the or procedure is vital for mission success and for safety of Instructors position Meeting the simulator certification requirements as- – Pilots. own troops. Only proper training, evaluation and validati- on over and over again can effectively mitigate the risks sociated with JTAC training will always be a baseline Using the Collaborative Training, different positions can be associated with warfare. requirement but far from the only. SAAB believes that inserted together in the training programme. being a supplier of a “Joint” simulator comes with res- With the reality in mind, SAAB the manufacturer of the ponsibility, not only by developing realistic features, inte- Train where you fight Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST), tries to incorporate grating with real equipment and third party simulators but The 3D-virtual surroundings are provided by means of Lessons Learned from around the Joint Fires community also by supporting the product throughout the lifecycle standard geographic data and allow therefore a very rea- into their virtual environment believing simulation plays and providing competent personnel servicing exercises listic representation of the training field. A comprehensive Commercial in confidence an important role in the day to day training. when needed. simulation cores, real data of the World Geodetic System - WGS84, are used on basis of the Worldwide Positioning Simulated Military Equipment (SME). System – GPS for JFIST® solutions as well as generic components (GECO). The 3D-virtual surroundings are complemented with data from a digital topographic height model as well as with infrastructure data to the representation by urbane cultivation. In addition other simulations like day, night, and dusk as well as of every kind of the weather events are possibly. For the recording of realistic exercise scenarios, JFIST® disposes of data from nearly all weapon systems such as: – combat aircraft, helicopters and UAS, – battle tanks, armoured vehicles and trucks, trucks and passenger cars, self-propelled artillery and air defence systems, – soldiers, combatants and civilians. Aerial-dynamic scenarios, battle damage assessment, lines of fire of artillery and air to ground weapon systems, damage simulation and sensor effects and can be play- ed in dependent on situation are available to show situa- Airspace de-confliction tions close to reality. Debriefings and After Action Reviews Virtual training on the desktop trainer is close to reality on the during CAS employment. (AAR) can be carried out very detailed after single exercise battle field. segments on basis of monitor recordings and undesirable trends of the training can be corrected. Saab’s JFIST® is unquestionably an innovative simulation system, which can establish possible application scenarios near to reality and can explain and support the means of Joint Fires Support within the scope of training and play- able in menace situations.

For information and contact: For information and contact: Saab International Deutschland GmbH Saab International Deutschland GmbH Phone: +49 30 40899660-0 Phone: +49 30 40899660-0 Fax: +49 30 40899660-9 Fax: +49 30 40899660-9 E-Mail: [email protected] E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.saabgroup.com Internet: www.saabgroup.com

58 Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer

You bury your soaking hands under your chest trying The JFIST team holds a holistic approach to the aspects to get some heat into your fingers; they are so numb af- of Joint Fires training; they believe it’s not only about the ter lying in the same spot for 48Hrs. Now you need to JTAC or Forward Observer in the field but also important write the target coordinates down but you can hardly feel to train the decision makers involved in merging informa- the protractor in your hand as you try to align it with the tion from different assets, for example UAS feeds with grid-lines on your map. Even the simplest tasks can be- information from an Electronic Warfare unit. You should come a challenge when exposed to the reality a soldier effectively be able to train all roles and if needed, try a or an officer experience in the field; yet every millimeter new constellation for test and evaluation purposes. or procedure is vital for mission success and for safety of own troops. Only proper training, evaluation and validati- Meeting the simulator certification requirements as- on over and over again can effectively mitigate the risks sociated with JTAC training will always be a baseline associated with warfare. requirement but far from the only. SAAB believes that being a supplier of a “Joint” simulator comes with res- With the reality in mind, SAAB the manufacturer of the ponsibility, not only by developing realistic features, inte- Joint Fires Synthetic Trainer (JFIST), tries to incorporate grating with real equipment and third party simulators but Lessons Learned from around the Joint Fires community also by supporting the product throughout the lifecycle into their virtual environment believing simulation plays and providing competent personnel servicing exercises an important role in the day to day training. when needed.

Airspace de-confliction during CAS employment.

For information and contact: Saab International Deutschland GmbH Phone: +49 30 40899660-0 Fax: +49 30 40899660-9 E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: www.saabgroup.com

59 Projektbeispiel: Mobile Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe ProjectProjektbeispiel: Example: Mobile Mobile Gefechtsstände Command Posts der of Luftwaffe the Air Force Mobile undand deployableverlegefähige IT platformsIT-Plattformen for fürcommand die Führungsunterstützung support on missions im Einsatz

ZukünftigeFuture missions Einsätze of theder GermanBundeswehr Army werdenwill take vorrangig primary  moderne Use of modern, komponentenbasierte component based und and erweiterbare expandable multinationalplace in both (combined)combined (multinational) und Streitkräfte and jointgemeinsam Armed Architekturarchitecture zu verwenden. (joint)Forces. stattfinden.  Skalierbar Scalable technology, vom Einzelplatzsystem from single-soldier-system bis zu komplexen to SolcheSuch operations Operationen require erfordern appropriate für eine command erfolgreiche and Durch con- Gefechtsständencomplex command mit posts, mehreren with Arbeitsplätzenmultiple workplaces und führungtrol equipment bedarfsgerechte for successful Führungsmittel. execution. High performance Fahrzeugen.and vehicles Hierbeiinformation bekommen and communication leistungsstarke systems Informations- serve as an undim-  Stationärer und mobiler Einsatz möglich. Kommunikationssystemeportant basis for a linked operation.als Grundlage für eine vernetzte The possibility of stationary and mobile missions Operationsführung eine besondere Bedeutung.  Identische Identical hardware Hardware and und software Software in inall allen aspects Rollen and und The Commander requires a mission system which is able Führungsebenen Derto transport militärische the huge Führer amounts braucht of dataein Einsatzsystem,required for modern das command levels diesensors großen quickly Mengen and safelyvon Daten creating hochmoderner an extensive Sensoren overview  Durch Task-specific and configurable by the user, without Benutzer ohne zusätzlichen Administrationsauf schnellof the situation, und sicher in (almost)transportiert real time.und in nahezu Echtzeit zu wandadditional aufgabenspezifisch administration konfigurierbar. einem umfassenden Lagebild aufbereitet. He needs an operational system that enables him to make  Optimierte Kommunikationsprotokolle für echtzeitnahe, Er benötigt ein System, das ihn unterstützt – auf Grundlage Optimized communication reports for (almost) real- decisions according to the actual circumstances - based sichere, prioritätsabhängige Informationsübertragung dieses hoch detaillierten Lagebilds verknüpft mit weiteren time, safe, priority-dependent transmission of infor- on this highly detailed situation awareness linked with ad- (Daten, Text, Bilder) über Datenfunk. Führungsinformationen – situationsangepasste Entschei- mation (data, text, images) via radio data ditional current information.  dungen zu treffen.  Unterschiedliche Different means ofKommunikationsmittel communication (VHF, (VHF, HF, LAN,HF, LAN, WLAN, Feste Netze) WennIf necessary, notwendig the gehtfast, dasoptimized bis hin usezum ofschnellen, individual optimierten weapons WIFI, fixed networks) can be achieved, or a more cross-system weapon effect.  Schnelle Gefechtsstandskommunikation über Ethernet Einsatz einzelner Waffen oder wirksystemübergreifender  Fast command post communication via Ethernet for To comply with these expectations, several requirements für Daten und Voice over IP Waffenwirkung. data and Voice over IP Umhave diese to be Anforderungen realised: erfüllen zu können, sind diverse Voraussetzungen zu schaffen:

In manyvielen defence-relatedwehrtechnischen projects Projekten roda arbeiten computer roda GmbH MilDef and GmbH ESG Elektroniksystem-und die ESG Elektroniksystem- und Logistik-GmbH und Logistik-GmbHwork closely engtogether zusammen, to meet umthese genau precise diese requirements Anforderungen and gerechtto optimize zu werdenthe provision bzw. die of informationInformationsversorgung and command und ability. Führungsfä- higkeit zu optimieren. The following examples demonstrate the performance of modern operation systems where reliable roda products have Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe Nachfolgende Beispiele verdeutlichen die Leistungsfähigkeit moderner Einsatzsysteme, in denen zuverlässige Produkte Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe been integrated: Figure 1: Function „Active Fence Turkey“ with around 300 German soldiers. von roda integriert wurden. DieFigure Mobilen 2: Command Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als Kernfähig- InTempest diesem compliant, Waffensystem rugged sind 21” tempestiertedisplays and 21“Rocky® Displays RK9 Project Example: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER Die Mobilen Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als Kernfähig- In diesem Waffensystem sind tempestierte 21“ Displays Projektbeispiel: TPz FUCHS FüFu ADLER keitFigure des 3:Mobilen Communication Führungssystems der Lw – MobFüSys- undlaptops Rocky are Laptopsinstalled RK in this 9 verbaut. weapon system. Lw)Figurekeit stellendes 4: Mobilen Electric die Führungsfähigkeit Führungssystems power supply eines der EinsatzgeschwaLw – MobFüSys-- und Rocky Laptops RK 9 verbaut. dersLw) stellenoder einer die FührungsfähigkeitEinsatzdivision im eines Einsatzgebiet Einsatzgeschwa mittels- modernsterFigureders oder 3: Mobile einerKommunikations- Einsatzdivision command Systemund im Führungsinformations Einsatzgebiet of the Air Force mittels - modernster Kommunikations- und Führungsinformations- systemeThe mobile sicher. command posts of the Air Force (as a core systeme sicher. Siecapability dienen of als the Plattform mobile command zur Führung system eines of Lw (fliegenden) - MobFü- Einsatzkontingents,SysLw)Sie dienen guarantee als Plattform theder command Unterstützung zur Führung ability des einesof a Führungsvor combat (fliegenden) wing- gangsorEinsatzkontingents, a division sowie derin theSammlung missionder Unterstützung undarea, Verdichtung using desthe Führungsvormostvon Informa modern-- tionencommunicationgangs aussowie verschiedenen der and Sammlung command Informationsquellen und information Verdichtung systems. von zur Informa Erstel-- tionen aus verschiedenen Informationsquellen zur Erstel- lungThey eines serve Lagebildes. as a platform for the command of a (flying) lung eines Lagebildes. Robusteoperation und contingent, bewährte the IT-Komponenten support of the command der Firma process roda sorgenandRobuste the dafür, collectionund dassbewährte dasand SystemconsolidationIT-Komponenten auch unterof information der Einsatzbedin Firma fromroda- gungenvarioussorgen dafür,zuverlässiginformation dass dassources,die SystemInformationsverarbeitung enabling auch unter full situationEinsatzbedin unter awa-- stützt.reness.gungen zuverlässig die Informationsverarbeitung unter- stützt. AufRobust dieser and Basis well können proven Führungsentscheidungenroda IT components ensure getrof that- fentheAuf und systemdieser deren Basisreliably Ausführung können supports Führungsentscheidungen überwacht information werden. processing, getrof under- operationalfen und deren conditions. Ausführung With überwacht this technology, werden. command de- Bis Mitte 2011 wurden der Luftwaffe drei mobile Gefechts- cisionsBis Mitte can 2011 be madewurden and der their Luftwaffe execution drei can mobile be monitored. Gefechts- stände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH stände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH zurBy mid-2011,Verfügung itgestellt has been und placed durch three die Luftwaffemobile command bereits zur Verfügung gestellt und durch die Luftwaffe bereits FührungsausstattungCommand system ADLER ADLER DVA DVA STF STF in TPzin TPz FUCHS FUCHS mehrfachposts for erfolgreichoperations beiand unterschiedlichen training at the mandate Übungsvorha of the- mehrfach erfolgreich bei unterschiedlichen Übungsvorha- benAir Force.im In- undThese Ausland have beeneingesetzt. used successfully on several Mit dem Führungswaffeneinsatzsystem ADLER DVA STF Durch moderne und robuste IT-Arbeitsplätze mit Touch- occasions,ben im In- undin different Ausland training eingesetzt. missions, both at home and The command weapon control system ADLER DVA STF processing, enabling accurate decision-making is well Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Ope- stehtis a veryder Artillerie modern ein command sehr moderner tool, available Führungsinstrument for artillery Bedienungsupported byund the intuitiver use of Benutzerführung modern and robust auf Basis IT work des abroad.Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Ope- zur Verfügung. roda Rocky Laptops und des 19“ roda Displays RD19 wird ration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Sol- applications. In order to provide almost real-time operation, stations, with touch control and intuitive user interfaces Since February 2013, a command post supports the first ration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Sol- auch unter hoher Belastung eine schnelle und zuverläs- daten den ersten Einsatz mit dem Waffensystem Patriot. NotebookFigure 4: Notebook Rocky RK9 Rocky® mit 21“ RK9 Display with im21“display Patriot Führungssystem in the Patriot Umunder auch live unter battle Einsatzbedingungen conditions, ESG integrated und im beweglichen a powerful based on the roda Rocky® laptop and the roda 19“ display usagedaten denof theersten Patriot Einsatz weapon mit dem system Waffensystem in the operation Patriot. CommandNotebook Rocky System RK9 mit 21“ Display im Patriot Führungssystem Gefechtcommand eine and controlechtzeitnahe system Operationfor all roles zuin thegewährleiten, operational sigeRD19. Informationsverarbeitung für eine präzise Entschei- dungsfindung bestmöglich unterstützt. wurdeand fire control centres, in an armoured personnel carrier durch die ESG eine leistungsfähige Führungsaus- Dipl.-Wi.-Ing.Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. JürgenJürgen MetzMetz Telefon: +49 7227 95 79 - 34 stattung für alle Rollen in der Operationszentrale und Feu- MitWith dem the TPzTPz FUCHSFUCHS FüFu FüFu ADLER, ADLER the besitzt German die Army Bundes has- (TPz) FUCHS. AccountAccount ManagerManager Telefax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20 erleitstelle in einen Transportpanzer (TPz) FUCHS einge- wehra modern and efficient system for the location, preparation ein modernes und leistungsfähiges System für die Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen Metz Phone: +49 7227 95 79 - 34 By using this equipment, all necessary communication and operational management of the reconnaissance and rodaroda MilDefMilDef GmbHGmbH Mobil: +49 174 985 83 00 rüstet. Lageaufbereitung und Einsatzführung der Aufklärungs- Account Manager Fax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20 channels for the distribution of information can be operated. weapon equipment, which are interconnected via the LandstraßeLandstraße 66 E-Mail: [email protected] Mit dieser Ausstattung besteht die Möglichkeit, alle erfor- und Wirkmittel, die über den Verbund Joint Fire Support roda computer GmbH Mobile: +49 174 985 83 00 Even under high load, fast and reliable information zusammengeschaltetcomposite Joint Fire Support. sind. D-77839D-77839 LichtenauLichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com derlichen Kommunikationskanäle zur Informationsverbrei- Landstraße 6 E-Mail: [email protected] tung zu bedienen. 60 D-77839 Lichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com

01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 2 02.12.2013 14:25:37 01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 2 02.12.2013 14:25:37 01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 1 02.12.2013 14:25:34 Projektbeispiel: Mobile Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe ProjectProjektbeispiel: Example: Mobile Mobile Gefechtsstände Command Posts der of Luftwaffe the Air Force

Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe Mobiles Führungssystem der Luftwaffe Figure 1: Function „Active Fence Turkey“ with around 300 German soldiers. DieFigure Mobilen 2: Command Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als Kernfähig- InTempest diesem compliant, Waffensystem rugged sind 21” tempestiertedisplays and 21“Rocky® Displays RK9 Die Mobilen Gefechtsstände der Luftwaffe (als Kernfähig- In diesem Waffensystem sind tempestierte 21“ Displays keitFigure des 3:Mobilen Communication Führungssystems der Lw – MobFüSys- undlaptops Rocky are Laptopsinstalled RK in this 9 verbaut. weapon system. Lw)Figurekeit stellendes 4: Mobilen Electric die Führungsfähigkeit Führungssystems power supply eines der EinsatzgeschwaLw – MobFüSys-- und Rocky Laptops RK 9 verbaut. dersLw) stellenoder einer die FührungsfähigkeitEinsatzdivision im eines Einsatzgebiet Einsatzgeschwa mittels- modernsterFigureders oder 3: Mobile einerKommunikations- Einsatzdivision command Systemund im Führungsinformations Einsatzgebiet of the Air Force mittels - modernster Kommunikations- und Führungsinformations- systemeThe mobile sicher. command posts of the Air Force (as a core systeme sicher. Siecapability dienen of als the Plattform mobile command zur Führung system eines of Lw (fliegenden) - MobFü- Einsatzkontingents,SysLw)Sie dienen guarantee als Plattform theder command Unterstützung zur Führung ability des einesof a Führungsvor combat (fliegenden) wing- gangsorEinsatzkontingents, a division sowie derin theSammlung missionder Unterstützung undarea, Verdichtung using desthe Führungsvormostvon Informa modern-- tionencommunicationgangs aussowie verschiedenen der and Sammlung command Informationsquellen und information Verdichtung systems. von zur Informa Erstel-- tionen aus verschiedenen Informationsquellen zur Erstel- lungThey eines serve Lagebildes. as a platform for the command of a (flying) lung eines Lagebildes. Robusteoperation und contingent, bewährte the IT-Komponenten support of the command der Firma process roda sorgenandRobuste the dafür, collectionund dassbewährte dasand SystemconsolidationIT-Komponenten auch unterof information der Einsatzbedin Firma fromroda- gungenvarioussorgen dafür,zuverlässiginformation dass dassources,die SystemInformationsverarbeitung enabling auch unter full situationEinsatzbedin unter awa-- stützt.reness.gungen zuverlässig die Informationsverarbeitung unter- stützt. AufRobust dieser and Basis well können proven Führungsentscheidungenroda IT components ensure getrof that- fentheAuf und systemdieser deren Basisreliably Ausführung können supports Führungsentscheidungen überwacht information werden. processing, getrof under- operationalfen und deren conditions. Ausführung With überwacht this technology, werden. command de- Bis Mitte 2011 wurden der Luftwaffe drei mobile Gefechts- cisionsBis Mitte can 2011 be madewurden and der their Luftwaffe execution drei can mobile be monitored. Gefechts- stände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH stände für Einsätze und Übungen durch die ESG GmbH zurBy mid-2011,Verfügung itgestellt has been und placed durch three die Luftwaffemobile command bereits zur Verfügung gestellt und durch die Luftwaffe bereits mehrfachposts for erfolgreichoperations beiand unterschiedlichen training at the mandate Übungsvorha of the- mehrfach erfolgreich bei unterschiedlichen Übungsvorha- benAir Force.im In- undThese Ausland have beeneingesetzt. used successfully on several occasions,ben im In- undin different Ausland training eingesetzt. missions, both at home and Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Ope- abroad.Seit Februar 2013 unterstützt ein Gefechtsstand die Ope- ration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Sol- Since February 2013, a command post supports the first ration „Active Fence Turkey“ mit rund 300 deutschen Sol- daten den ersten Einsatz mit dem Waffensystem Patriot. NotebookFigure 4: Notebook Rocky RK9 Rocky® mit 21“ RK9 Display with im21“display Patriot Führungssystem in the Patriot usagedaten denof theersten Patriot Einsatz weapon mit dem system Waffensystem in the operation Patriot. CommandNotebook Rocky System RK9 mit 21“ Display im Patriot Führungssystem

Dipl.-Wi.-Ing.Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. JürgenJürgen MetzMetz Telefon: +49 7227 95 79 - 34 AccountAccount ManagerManager Telefax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20 Dipl.-Wi.-Ing. Jürgen Metz Phone: +49 7227 95 79 - 34 rodaroda MilDefMilDef GmbHGmbH Mobil: +49 174 985 83 00 Account Manager Fax: +49 7227 95 79 - 20 LandstraßeLandstraße 66 E-Mail: [email protected] roda computer GmbH Mobile: +49 174 985 83 00 D-77839D-77839 LichtenauLichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com Landstraße 6 E-Mail: [email protected] D-77839 Lichtenau http://www.roda-computer.com 61

01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 2 02.12.2013 14:25:37 01.0 roda MilDef - RedBeitrag ASIO ZG 2013 - 2.indd 2 02.12.2013 14:25:37 This multi-mission and passive localisation system pro- coordinates are also shown in a tabular format. The avail- Microflown AVISA BV develops highly accurate and vides fast, accurate and reliable location reports of Points able information can be exported or printed for further re- reliable gunshot and artillery localization systems for of Impact (POI) and Points of Origin (POO) of the weap- porting or after action reviews. The easy and user-friendly fixed and mobile installation as well as for protection of on(s) used. Two of the worldwide unique Microflown parti- Windows based AMMS C2 Software also allows remote vehicles, fast boats and helicopters. cle velocity sensors are the core of an Acoustic Multi-Mis- access to all ground sensors to easily and conveniently sion Sensor (AMMS). An AMMS directly measures the configure and maintain the system. AMMS have a small direction of sound (the threat), this in contrast to all other Size, low Weight and Power (SWAP) characteristics. “Game Changer” for Armed Forces (traditional) acoustic systems with microphone arrays. The latter calculate the direction of sound based on the best hypothetical fit and estimate of the direction of the shooter based on time differences of sound, triggering multiple microphones.

AMMS C2 Software showing AMMS locations (black) and localisations (red)

The unique localisation technology is by now considered a “game changer” for the battlefield by the Dutch Armed Forces which funded the development of this technology, giving ears to UAVs, which is unprecedented to date. Localising RAM impacts or a sniper with a single hand The AMMS sensor post is oriented by using the STERNA of launched UAV from the sky, having instant video confirma- Vectronix tion of the acoustically located threat, is changing the use and operational aspects of so far “deaf eyes in the sky”. AMMS have an average directional accuracy of 1,5 de- The Acoustic Vector Sensor technology is unique since This is the big difference with the traditional microphone gree. Orientation can be done manually with a scope or it uses the same small sensor for locating small arms fire arrays that are known for their huge dimensions, difficult fully automatic with a high precision STERNA of Vectronix. (SAF), rockets, artillery and mortars (RAM) and also tonal logistics based on necessary wiring and transportation Once they detected a threat, the direction, range of the sound sources like ground vehicles, low flying aircrafts and its lack of flexibility due to the dedication of one Small Arms Fire, own position, and a time stamp are wire- and helicopters. microphone system type per battlefield threat. lessly communicated to the Command Post, which is a ruggedized Toughbook laptop with the AMMS C2 Software connected to a small wireless receiver. As the majority of Microphone Arrays vs Acoustic Vector Sensor the processing is done at the AMMS itself, the transmitted packages to the AMMS Command Post are small, reducing the bandwidth requirement to a bare minimum. The reports from multiple AMMS are then centrally analysed by the AMMS C2 Software and the POO and POI present- ed on a map based GUI in real time. The POO and POI

UAV with “hearing” capability can map acoustic waypoints and localises threats out of the air

Further applications range from static situations, guarding key terrain features or approach routes from a pre-determined position or overlooking impact areas during life fire training, to mobile use on a variety of land based platforms such as vehicles, naval platforms such as fast boats (RIBS) and aerial platforms such as helicopters, always providing crucial information for self-protection, which is hardly available to date. The use of an AMMS system at the artillery firing range AMMS C2 Software in operation in ‘t Harde (The Netherlands) led to a doctrine change

62 This multi-mission and passive localisation system pro- coordinates are also shown in a tabular format. The avail- vides fast, accurate and reliable location reports of Points able information can be exported or printed for further re- of Impact (POI) and Points of Origin (POO) of the weap- porting or after action reviews. The easy and user-friendly on(s) used. Two of the worldwide unique Microflown parti- Windows based AMMS C2 Software also allows remote cle velocity sensors are the core of an Acoustic Multi-Mis- access to all ground sensors to easily and conveniently sion Sensor (AMMS). An AMMS directly measures the configure and maintain the system. AMMS have a small direction of sound (the threat), this in contrast to all other Size, low Weight and Power (SWAP) characteristics. (traditional) acoustic systems with microphone arrays. The latter calculate the direction of sound based on the best hypothetical fit and estimate of the direction of the shooter based on time differences of sound, triggering multiple microphones.

AMMS C2 Software showing AMMS locations (black) and localisations (red)

UAV with “hearing” capability can map acoustic waypoints and localises threats out of the air

63 for live firing training and mortar shooting competitions, The AMMS systems are capable of determining the complementary to monitoring of the range safety. locations of exploding mortar and artillery shells with Applications vary from shooting range guard systems high accuracy under all weather conditions. The (i.e. do all rounds fall within the boundaries of the impact DISCUS system was equipped with the latest AMMS to area) to providing support during the training of Forward improve its capability to also locate Small Arms Fire at Challenges Observer Officers, Mortar Fire Controllers and/or Forward the same time as Rockets, Artillery and Mortars. for the Artillery in Air Controllers. With an AMMS system the exact location 2. Vehicle mounted AMMS (V-AMMS): The system has of where a round is dropped can be exactly established. been developed hand in hand with the Dutch Special Joint Fire Support (JFS) Fire missions can thus be checked on their effectiveness, Forces and was recently qualified throughout tests and but used while adjusting fire will reduce the quantity of demonstrations. It has been acquired by multiple armed rounds used to become effective. So the use of an AMMS forced around the world by now. It can be mounted System enhances efficiency and effectiveness. Obviously on various types of vehicles providing the crew them IABG has been advising and assisting the Bundeswehr as all considered “hard” in technical terms, as the breach the results can also be used for the certification of the with a 360 degree situational awareness. Also Remote a product-independent service provider for more than 50 of a condition would pose a risk to either our own forces officers and non-commissioned officers that deal with fire Weapon Station can be cued to the threat based on the years in all phases of the procurement process (now IPP or non-combatants/civilians. In this way, if an impact is missions for direct and indirect fire and close air support. localization. and CPM nov.). The company combines deployment ex- not achieved in a timely manner, for example, this may perience and operational expertise with proven research represent a risk to own troops. In another example, the During operations the use of an AMMS system will provide 3. UAV based RAM and SAF localization: a real-time, capabilities and supports its clients in the dimensions of selection of an oversized weapon and/or an inaccurate tactical advantages as the POO of indirect fire weapons fully spherical localisation of small arms fire and Joint, Land, Air, Integrated Air & Missile Defence, Maritime, target location could increase the likelihood of collateral will be available before the impact of the shot is felt. rockets, artillery and mortars from a fixed wing UAV. Space and Information Space. With its services, IABG ac- damage and thus the risk to both the civilian population Obviously depending on the type of mortar or artillery and This was made possible because of the low SWAP companies its national and international clients based on and own troops. the distance the flight time of grenades will be in the range of the Microflown sensor. It is a worldwide unprece- the principles of “whole lifecycle support” from capability/ of 20 to 30 seconds (or longer) while the POO becomes dented capability, since traditional microphone sys- requirement analysis for future systems, performance test In the following, we deal with examples of three aspects available almost instantaneous when the shot is fired and tems are technical not capable of achieving compa- in the realisation phase through to operation. As an exam- which have a significant effect on the requirements in the the AMMS report. It will be possible to at least sound a rable results. ple, IABG has thus supported the derivation of functional different dimensions. general alarm for incoming fire and counter battery fire can 4. Gunshot localization on fast boats: The AMMS requirements for a future artillery system in 2030 on behalf be initiated even before the first hostile round hits the deck. Further development of ammunition sensor has been upgraded for maritime use localising of the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) and in close The current product range of Micoflown AVISA contains: small arms fire from small vessels. For large surface cooperation with the German Office for Army Develop- With increasing urbanisation, particularly in unstable 1. AMMS (Acoustic Multi-Mission Sensor): The ground vessels a more complete situational awareness can ment (AHEntwg) on the basis of future deployment sce- regions and developing countries, as well as the shift based AMMS systems are in use in various countries be offered, detecting and localising rockets, artillery, narios, the tactical tasks of artillery and a detailed threat in crisis and conflict zones to urban areas triggered by throughout the world by now for compound protection, mortar, small arms fire and rotary wing aircrafts on analysis. In the field of research and technology (R&T), this, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) are protection of critical infrastructure and or border request. IABG analyses and evaluates technologies in all capability increasingly more likely. In such scenarios, the task protection scenarios/solutions. In 2012, the Dutch 5. ACHOFILO (Acoustic Hostile Fire Locator): This is a categories in relation to command and control, reconnais- of the high-precision engagement of point and single ministry of defence formally commissioned Microflown system providing accurate localisation of small arms sance, effectiveness and support with the aid of studies, targets in areas with highly condensed infrastructure will AVISA to provide the world’s first AMMS system. fire being shot at a manned helicopter. This system simulation-based analyses or experimental trials. This is fall to artillery in the role of fire support. The avoidance The first AMMS system, permanently installed at the was successfully tested on 7th June 2013, on a Cougar illustrated using examples from the field of artillery. of collateral damage is an important aspect here, artillery shooting range ‘t Harde for target practising helicopter, at the ASK firing range in the Netherlands. Background especially in view of the likely operational tasks of the and safety, has been in use every day since and can It only comprises of one sensor under the belly of the Bundeswehr in the context of “conflict prevention and be visited any time. The second system has been used helicopter in contrast to a multi microphone system of Joint fire support (JFS) is, by definition, the armed forces crisis management”. ever since in a mobile multi mission mode to support DARPA which spreads the microphones all over the joint capacity for mutual fire support on the tactical level for training at international ranges, but can be deployed in helicopter. Microflown AVISA is developing this system Air, Land and Sea armed forces as well as special forces in The hit accuracy, particularly of “intelligent” weapons, a mission if needed as well. The third AMMS system is in cooperation in large industry partners to simplify the all dimensions of the deployment area. The following target during operations in urban environments is no longer integrated in the DISCUS compound defence system final integration in production or as add-on, since just capabilities can be defined for the JFS: determined only by systemic technical properties, but also by external factors, especially infrastructure. This can be for deployment during missions. one AMMS is needed. • Coordinated, responsive and level-appropriate deploy- illustrated by the example of semi-autonomous terminally ment guided munitions, the deployment of which requires the • Deployment of previously separate land, air and sea- target to be distinguished from its environment using a based munitions in a joint command and control net- laser designator for the weapon. The “Copperhead” and work “Krasnopol” are two examples of this type of ammunition. The company Diehl BGT Defence is also working • Selection of the most appropriate effector available together with an international partner on a type of artillery • Growth of fire requests up to the level authorised for ammunition equipped with an SAL seeker (semi-active combat and ammunition approval (bottom-up ap- laser). The bullet trajectory of this type of ammunition is proach) with the aim of decision-making on the lowest roughly divided up into the ballistic phase, the glide phase possible level and the final approach. Björn Behrmann • Application of the relevant rules of engagement, and Sales Manager At the end of the glide phase, the seeker attempts of the applicable planning, management and deci- Microflown AVISA to lock onto the laser target. In simple terms, a sion-making processes Tivolilaan 205 successful final approach depends on whether the 6824 BV Arnhem • Minimisation and analysis of collateral damage laser target lies in the sensor’s field of view during the The Netherlands final approach phase from the scattered position of the • Increase in ammunition precision and target location Phone: +31 880 010820 ammunition in space, whether there is a direct line of accuracy Mobile: +31 646 374450 sight between the laser target and sensor and whether E-Mail: [email protected] The JFS thus sets very specific demands in terms of time, the ammunition is “agile” enough to hit the target within Internet: www.microflown-avisa.com space, efficiency and effectiveness. These demands are the available remaining flight time. It turns out that, in

64 Challenges for the Artillery in Joint Fire Support (JFS)

IABG has been advising and assisting the Bundeswehr as all considered “hard” in technical terms, as the breach a product-independent service provider for more than 50 of a condition would pose a risk to either our own forces years in all phases of the procurement process (now IPP or non-combatants/civilians. In this way, if an impact is and CPM nov.). The company combines deployment ex- not achieved in a timely manner, for example, this may perience and operational expertise with proven research represent a risk to own troops. In another example, the capabilities and supports its clients in the dimensions of selection of an oversized weapon and/or an inaccurate Joint, Land, Air, Integrated Air & Missile Defence, Maritime, target location could increase the likelihood of collateral Space and Information Space. With its services, IABG ac- damage and thus the risk to both the civilian population companies its national and international clients based on and own troops. the principles of “whole lifecycle support” from capability/ requirement analysis for future systems, performance test In the following, we deal with examples of three aspects in the realisation phase through to operation. As an exam- which have a significant effect on the requirements in the ple, IABG has thus supported the derivation of functional different dimensions. requirements for a future artillery system in 2030 on behalf Further development of ammunition of the Federal Ministry of Defence (BMVg) and in close cooperation with the German Office for Army Develop- With increasing urbanisation, particularly in unstable ment (AHEntwg) on the basis of future deployment sce- regions and developing countries, as well as the shift narios, the tactical tasks of artillery and a detailed threat in crisis and conflict zones to urban areas triggered by analysis. In the field of research and technology (R&T), this, Military Operations on Urban Terrain (MOUT) are IABG analyses and evaluates technologies in all capability increasingly more likely. In such scenarios, the task categories in relation to command and control, reconnais- of the high-precision engagement of point and single sance, effectiveness and support with the aid of studies, targets in areas with highly condensed infrastructure will simulation-based analyses or experimental trials. This is fall to artillery in the role of fire support. The avoidance illustrated using examples from the field of artillery. of collateral damage is an important aspect here, Background especially in view of the likely operational tasks of the Bundeswehr in the context of “conflict prevention and Joint fire support (JFS) is, by definition, the armed forces crisis management”. joint capacity for mutual fire support on the tactical level for Air, Land and Sea armed forces as well as special forces in The hit accuracy, particularly of “intelligent” weapons, all dimensions of the deployment area. The following target during operations in urban environments is no longer capabilities can be defined for the JFS: determined only by systemic technical properties, but also by external factors, especially infrastructure. This can be • Coordinated, responsive and level-appropriate deploy- illustrated by the example of semi-autonomous terminally ment guided munitions, the deployment of which requires the • Deployment of previously separate land, air and sea- target to be distinguished from its environment using a based munitions in a joint command and control net- laser designator for the weapon. The “Copperhead” and work “Krasnopol” are two examples of this type of ammunition. The company Diehl BGT Defence is also working • Selection of the most appropriate effector available together with an international partner on a type of artillery • Growth of fire requests up to the level authorised for ammunition equipped with an SAL seeker (semi-active combat and ammunition approval (bottom-up ap- laser). The bullet trajectory of this type of ammunition is proach) with the aim of decision-making on the lowest roughly divided up into the ballistic phase, the glide phase possible level and the final approach. • Application of the relevant rules of engagement, and At the end of the glide phase, the seeker attempts of the applicable planning, management and deci- to lock onto the laser target. In simple terms, a sion-making processes successful final approach depends on whether the • Minimisation and analysis of collateral damage laser target lies in the sensor’s field of view during the final approach phase from the scattered position of the • Increase in ammunition precision and target location ammunition in space, whether there is a direct line of accuracy sight between the laser target and sensor and whether The JFS thus sets very specific demands in terms of time, the ammunition is “agile” enough to hit the target within space, efficiency and effectiveness. These demands are the available remaining flight time. It turns out that, in

65 an urban environment, the operational effectiveness the firing position of the weapon system and is thus of semi-autonomous terminally guided ammunition more or less quasi-static. One possible solution for is influenced not only by the agility and scattering the problem shown (capability gap) would be to design of the projectile in the space at the time of target the projectile’s trajectory in such a way that the final detection, but also by the shadowing of the target by approach would run along the stretch of road from infrastructure, which plays an essential role. In theory, west to east or vice versa. This would ensure that the an analysis should be carried out not only during the seeker detects the laser mark in good time. The use design phase or during the capability check as part of GPS/INS-guided ammunition in combination with of munitions development, but also prior to each terminal control enables this kind of modelling of the deployment in order to calculate the hit probability and projectile’s trajectory. An accurate final approach is collateral damage risk. This also applies in principle for thus also possible in the case of shadowing. However, ammunition which is guided “with pinpoint accuracy” it is important that, in addition to the technical to previously determined coordinates by GPS/INS realisation of the trajectory mapping in the projectile, technologies. the ability to plan trajectories is also provided in the battle management system (BMS) and fire control. With AHEAD (Ammunition Hit Location, Effectiveness nd Collateral amage Assessment), IABG has Figure 2: left – dispersion of the projectile trajectories for all simulation runs; right – hit location in the target area as a result of A D dispersion and shadowing from infrastructure in the case of a southwestwardly firing direction developed an analytical tool for hit, impact and collateral damage analysis on behalf of the Federal Office of Bundeswehr Equipment, Information Technology and to be expected (i.e. an precise hit to the coordinates, far This is due to the fact that there are physical and technical In-Service Support (BAAINBw). In addition to models away to the target). With the improving accuracy of guided limitations on sensor performance against targets on ter- used to describe munitions trajectories (exterior munitions , this problem will gain significant importance in rain. In addition to this, height error in the use of high-pre- ballistics), AHEAD also uses those which describe the near future. cision munitions is clearly gaining in importance. This is the interaction of the munitions with military targets especially true when used in an urban environment, where In the case of highly mobile use by dismounted forces, and infrastructure (terminal ballistics, vulnerability). the precise engagement of a point target on a given floor the problem is reinforced by the fact that, for reasons of The German standard vulnerability model UniVeMo of a building is made possible by appropriately mapping weight, only target locating devices with digital magnetic (Universal Vulnerability Model), which is also the projectile’s trajectory. This further increases the de- compasses and a correspondingly high deviation in the developed and operated by IABG on behalf of the mands on the sensor capabilities of target location sys- azimuth angle can be used. As part of a study conducted BAAINBw and used to analyse the effectiveness of tems, whereby the systems should not be too expensive by IABG into achievable target location accuracy against all national types of ammunition, is used here, for and, in addition to in-vehicle sensors, portable units with real targets with military operators, deviations of an aver- example, to determine ammunition effectiveness and corresponding size and weight limits are also required. for collateral damage analysis. age of 100 m 2DRMS to the actual target position were ascertain at an observation distance of 1000 metres. This One possible solution is the use of highly accurate, For a realistic analysis, AHEAD uses a GIS-based deviation increases sharply with greater distances due to geo-referenced, three-dimensional terrain data. This data terrain, object and infrastructure database which Figure 1: Fictitious model simulation environment of a city the large angular error. can – depending on framework conditions and the ex- maps the real world in 3D. This essentially defines (target: vehicle in centre right of image) pense involved in creating it – achieve global coordinate Even with the latest gyro-stabilised target tracking sys- a realistic simulation environment. AHEAD also has accuracies of less than one metre. The challenge of de- an interface for coupling to a scenario generator as tems, it will be impossible to achieve the accuracy of a The use of GPS/INS-guided munitions – without laser termining the coordinates of a point with high accuracy is well as constructive and virtual simulations. AHEAD few metres required for the efficient use of high precision designator and laser seeker – can in many cases “shifted” from a military operator to specialists who create allows hit distributions and ammunition efficiencies GPS/INS-guided munitions in the foreseeable future. be a suitable and cost-effective alternative for the the terrain data in advance of a mission using powerful for specific situations to be determined from the engagement of static or quasi-static targets. This computer systems and the appropriate expertise. To per- simulation results. AHEAD thus has the ability to requires highly accurate target location, however, as form actual highly accurate target location, all that is re- simulate the suitability and effectiveness of weapons otherwise the target will be missed. This requirement quired is suitable viewing software on a mobile computer in complex environments and to analyse and support applies, for example, for a GMLRS (Guided Multiple (e.g. MOBIFAST), which can be used to represent the de- the decision-making process. This will be illustrated Launch Rocket System) with unitary warhead or GPS/ termined target coordinates on the virtual terrain and cor- for terminally guided munitions as an example. INS-guided 155 mm shells, which is currently being rect these to the desired position in the case of deviations. The following figures show the impact of infrastructural investigated by the German artillery and the BAAINBw. Both the terrain data for target location and the control shadowing on the deployment of terminally guided systems of GPS/INS-guided munitions work continuously ammunition. In addition to this, simulations (100 Monte- on a common reference system, typically WGS84. Thus, Target location Carlo runs) were performed in AHEAD in a fictitious all physical influences on the measurement of the refer- urban environment (figure 1). In the example, the firing The requirements on target location with regard to ac- ence variables – for example, determining the grid north direction is defined to the southwest, i.e. the firing curacy and reliability have steadily grown along with the direction – are not relevant for hit accuracy. position is located in the northeast of the city area. increase in ammunition accuracy. Modern target location The decisive criterion in the use of geo-referenced terrain The dispersion of the projectiles in the space (figure 2, sensors equipped with laser rangefinders - such as the data is the three-dimensional object representation. While left) over the target area at the time of target detection, JFST FENNEK vehicle’s observation and reconnaissance a high resolution, geo-referenced aerial image is sufficient in combination with infrastructure shadowing from the equipment (BAA II) or light, portable NYXUS observation for airborne systems, a ground-based observer requires a northeast to the southwest, resulted in only a fraction equipment - achieve sufficient accuracy for unguided mu- suitable image from his own perspective in order to identi- of the simulated shots achieving a hit (figure 2, right). nitions. When it comes to the use of GPS/INS-guided pre- fy the target correctly (see Figure 4). Other configurations with unvarying ammunition and cision munitions, however, these can quickly become the engagement ranges and identical detonators, but decisive factor for hit accuracy or inaccuracy. If we take, Especially in the urban environment, it is only possible different firing directions (e.g. to the northeast, i.e. as a basis, a theoretically expected accuracy for target to obtain such an image using three-dimensional vector rotated 180°) led to significantly better results, in localisation of 20 m 2DRMS for today’s gyro-stabilised models of buildings and objects. Synergetic effects are a which almost 100% of the attempts achieved a hit. systems and the accuracy of currently deployed GPS/ possible result of the sharing of a common data base for The shooting direction is essentially determined by INS-guided munitions as 5 m 2DRMS, a “precise miss” is Figure 3: “Precise miss” principle for precision munitions the areas of target location, efficiency analysis, collateral

66 Figure 2: left – dispersion of the projectile trajectories for all simulation runs; right – hit location in the target area as a result of dispersion and shadowing from infrastructure in the case of a southwestwardly firing direction to be expected (i.e. an precise hit to the coordinates, far This is due to the fact that there are physical and technical away to the target). With the improving accuracy of guided limitations on sensor performance against targets on ter- munitions , this problem will gain significant importance in rain. In addition to this, height error in the use of high-pre- the near future. cision munitions is clearly gaining in importance. This is especially true when used in an urban environment, where In the case of highly mobile use by dismounted forces, the precise engagement of a point target on a given floor the problem is reinforced by the fact that, for reasons of of a building is made possible by appropriately mapping weight, only target locating devices with digital magnetic the projectile’s trajectory. This further increases the de- compasses and a correspondingly high deviation in the mands on the sensor capabilities of target location sys- azimuth angle can be used. As part of a study conducted tems, whereby the systems should not be too expensive by IABG into achievable target location accuracy against and, in addition to in-vehicle sensors, portable units with real targets with military operators, deviations of an aver- corresponding size and weight limits are also required. age of 100 m 2DRMS to the actual target position were ascertain at an observation distance of 1000 metres. This One possible solution is the use of highly accurate, deviation increases sharply with greater distances due to geo-referenced, three-dimensional terrain data. This data the large angular error. can – depending on framework conditions and the ex- pense involved in creating it – achieve global coordinate Even with the latest gyro-stabilised target tracking sys- accuracies of less than one metre. The challenge of de- tems, it will be impossible to achieve the accuracy of a termining the coordinates of a point with high accuracy is few metres required for the efficient use of high precision “shifted” from a military operator to specialists who create GPS/INS-guided munitions in the foreseeable future. the terrain data in advance of a mission using powerful computer systems and the appropriate expertise. To per- form actual highly accurate target location, all that is required is suitable viewing software on a mobile computer (e.g. MOBIFAST), which can be used to represent the determined target coordinates on the virtual terrain and correct these to the desired position in the case of deviations. Both the terrain data for target location and the control systems of GPS/INS-guided munitions work continuously on a common reference system, typically WGS84. Thus, all physical influences on the measurement of the reference variables – for example, determining the grid north direction – are not relevant for hit accuracy. The decisive criterion in the use of geo-referenced terrain data is the three-dimensional object representation. While a high resolution, geo-referenced aerial image is sufficient for airborne systems, a ground-based observer requires a suitable image from his own perspective in order to identify the target correctly (see Figure 4). Especially in the urban environment, it is only possible to obtain such an image using three-dimensional vector models of buildings and objects. Synergetic effects are a possible result of the sharing of a common data base for Figure 3: “Precise miss” principle for precision munitions the areas of target location, efficiency analysis, collateral

67 damage analysis and tactical C2I systems. This can help It is initially irrelevant here which stage is applied to to avoid the additional costs of repeated data creation and which decision-making level. The sole deciding factor is storage for the same deployment area. the generation of the capability. In the future, the Bundeswehr will be provided with In this case, AHEAD software already offers the function- three-dimensional terrain data across the entire mission alities for carrying out comparative analyses of different spectrum, even for highly accurate target location. To this weapons systems and munitions in a tactical situation with end, IABG is currently working with the Bundeswehr Geo- regard to hit and impact probability as well as for poten- information Office and the BAAINBw to develop manu- tial collateral damage, and thus for supporting the deci- facturer-independent and sustainable concepts and solu- sion-making process. In the example in figure 5, a target tions. was engaged with several shots of classic ammunition (without GPS/INS or terminal guidance) and the collater- Deployment and decision support al damage determined. The individual ground detonation The JFS does not seek to define the decision-making points are shown in the graph (view from above) as cir- level for combat and weapons approval in the fixed cles. As a result of collateral damage analysis, damaged sense, but to allow for situation and task dependent or destroyed walls and roofs, for example, are visualised.

Figure 5: Collateral damage analysis with AHEAD, damaged (yellow) or destroyed (red) walls (lines) and roofs (faces) caused by weapon effectiveness (ground detonation points as circles)

All of these issues are currently being dealt with and in- GIS-based terrain, object and infrastructure databases vestigated at IABG. Possible solutions in the form of dem- which are required for analysis and simulation, and which onstrators and analysis tools have either already been map out the deployment or analysis areas in 3D in next to created, such as AHEAD, or are currently in development. no time. In addition to this, IABG has the capacity to create the

Figure 4: Target building in a geo-referenced aerial image (left) and in the three-dimensional terrain model from the perspective of the observer (right) growth by means of a bottom-up approach. The goal is The impact data on which the collateral damage to keep this decision-making level as low as possible. analysis is based was again determined using the Conversely, however, this also means that any potential standard vulnerability model UniVeMo, which is decision-making level must be able to apply the required currently used throughout Germany as the only tool for capabilities defined in the introduction to the JFS. It is the determination of RED (Risk Estimate Distance) and also clear that, when it comes to the dimension of time, CER (Collateral Effects Radius) values for Bundeswehr very different limits may apply within which a decision weapons. must be made. This may mean that there is plenty of Summary decision-making time in some cases, while in others, the time frame is very tight. The joint fire support (JFS) presents new challenges for the artillery, but at the same time offers new opportunities The best way to illustrate these framework conditions to establish itself as a central provider and coordinator for is by means of a decision support system in stages. fire support. The aim of this paper was to show how the This allows hard system parameters (range, availabili- obstacles to precise, analytical, secure weapons usage Authors: ty) to be evaluated with regard to impact and accuracy can be overcome with the lowest possible probability of Klaus Kappen and Michael Basler requirements and collateral damage avoidance in a first collateral damage. It is not only classical indirect weapon IABG mbH stage within a very tight time frame. Availability within systems of the tube and rocket artillery that are relevant Operationen und Systeme Land the meaning of the status of weapons systems would here, but also the mortars of infantry units and the Einsteinstr. 20, D-85521 Ottobrunn ideally be fed from a battle management system or C2I weapon systems of the German Air Force, Army Aviation [email protected] system. In a second stage, the engagement process and Navy. can be highly accurately simulated in the virtual world Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Kappen is responsible for all issues relating of the specific deployment area. This applies, for exam- A promising approach to a solution requires, in addition to land/army in the Defence & Security department at IABG. ple, if there is sufficient time, if several weapons were to highly accurate and reliable target location, a multi- identified as equally suitable in the analysis on the ba- stage decision support system with the capability to Dipl.-Ing. Michael Basler is the Project Manager responsible sis of technical parameters, or if the risk of collateral simulate and analyse combat operations on the basis of for the areas of JFS and target location damage requires more careful investigation. This allows deployment area mapping. Developing new types of am- in particular the probability of collateral damage to be munition – which make it possible to “map” trajectories worked out in detail and incorporated as an essential depending on the environment – round out these require- component in the decision-making process. ments.

68 Figure 5: Collateral damage analysis with AHEAD, damaged (yellow) or destroyed (red) walls (lines) and roofs (faces) caused by weapon effectiveness (ground detonation points as circles)

Authors: Klaus Kappen and Michael Basler IABG mbH Operationen und Systeme Land Einsteinstr. 20, D-85521 Ottobrunn [email protected]

Dipl.-Ing. Klaus Kappen is responsible for all issues relating to land/army in the Defence & Security department at IABG. Dipl.-Ing. Michael Basler is the Project Manager responsible for the areas of JFS and target location

69 Bringing together Government and Industry

AFCEA Bonn e.V. is a non-profit organization with- Purchasers – Developer: We currently observe some out any commercial interests; we are an indepen- touch aversion between those with procurement respon- dent and neutral institution – not a lobby group for sibilities and the high performing national and interna- political influences. The user forum for telecommu- tional industry. Thus, the possibility of exchanging ideas nications, computer, electronics and automation and knowledge is more important than ever before. has currently approximately 870 private – and 90 Armed Forces – Authorities with Federal Security corporate members and is open for all interested Tasks – Federal Administration: Armed forces are no parties. The membership consists of major compa- longer the single source of innovation. For command and nies in the information and communications tech- control systems or other public services it is worth com- nology (ICT) sector and a large number of small and pare existing solutions and check their applicability for medium-sized companies based in the Bonn-Co- re-use. logne-Koblenz region. Research – Realization: The detection and use of tech- AFCEA Bonn e.V. represents current ICT topics of se- nological trends and opportunities for own demands is curity policy and our international alliances. The asso- only possible in close partnerships between scientists ciation provides a neutral platform and is an initiator for at research institutions or universities and developers in transfer of knowledge and exchange of ideas between companies. research, industry and users of modern information as well as ICT in the areas of defense, homeland security, Users – Decision-Makers: To achieve the benefits of public administration, teaching, research and business. an institutionalized interoperability, it is our constant concern to point out the demands of users, mostly the The different offers all turn on an annual subject: In 2014 „troops“, supported by the procurers to clarify the deci- it is “Interoperability – The Permanent Challenge“. For sion-makers to the ministerial ranks. AFCEA Bonn e.V., this concept is not only about technology. Interoperability has to begin at the level of communi- Young Talents – Old Stagers: AFCEA calls members cation and and exchange, and requires not only techno- aged up to and including 40 years Young AFCEANs. logical capabilities but also a common goal. During the last few years, we have given more and more room for sharing new ideas within AFCA Bonn e.V. Our goal at AFCEA Bonn e.V. is to think out of the box and to stretch the different themes on purpose beyond You’ve probably noticed: We provide many opportunities the topic of technology: “Bringing Government and In- for participation. This may be a visit of one of our many dustry together since 1946“ is a worldwide principle of events or commitments in one of our boards. Beside the AFCEA Chapter 130, including Bonn. AFCEA Bonn as personal membership as an individual, it is also possible a neutral forum tries to link different, give questions and to attend as a representative for a corporate member. space for answers. Furthermore, we establish the ba- Corporate members are legal entities (companies and sics for an open-minded discourse, which are already corporations), which are basically allowed (based on in our “business model“ on interoperability of different their selected status) to name a certain amount of its em- levels aligned with various partners. Interoperability as ployees to participate in AFCEA Bonn e.V. a principle of thoughts and claims is a consistent core motif of our events. Therefore, we would like to detail this non-technological view of our “interoperability – and Contact: much of this can be used for the almost overused term Jochen Reinhardt “joint“ as well: Member of the executive board AFCEA Bonn e.V.., Borsigallee 2, 53125 Bonn National – International: AFCEA Bonn is not only ac- Telefon: +49 228 925 82 52 tive in the Rhine area. For example, we work together for Telefax: +49 228 925 82 53 example with the BITKOM and ZVEI in Berlin and also E-Mail: [email protected] with representatives of NATO or the EU in events.

70 Defence technology

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