Netfilter Performance Testing
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SNMP Trap - Firewall Rules
SNMP Trap - Firewall Rules Article Number: 87 | Rating: 1/5 from 1 votes | Last Updated: Wed, Jan 13, 2021 at 4:42 PM Fir e wall Rule s These steps explain how to check if the Operating System (OS) of the Nagios server has firewall rules enabled to allow inbound SNMP Trap UDP port 162 traffic. The different supported OS's have different firewall commands which are explained as follows. You will need to establish an SSH session to the Nagios server that is receiving SNMP Traps. RHEL 7/8 | C e nt O S 7/8 | O r ac le Linux 7/8 First check the status of the firewall: systemctl status firewalld.service IF the firewall is running , it should product output like: ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-11-20 10:05:15 AEDT; 1 weeks 0 days ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 647 (firewalld) CGroup: /system.slice/firewalld.service └─647 /usr/bin/python -Es /usr/sbin/firewalld --nofork --nopid IF the firewall is NO T running, it will produce this output: ● firewalld.service - firewalld - dynamic firewall daemon Loaded: loaded (/usr/lib/systemd/system/firewalld.service; enabled; vendor preset: enabled) Active: inactive (dead) since Tue 2018-11-27 14:11:34 AEDT; 965ms ago Docs: man:firewalld(1) Main PID: 647 (code=exited, status=0/SUCCESS) If the firewall is NOT running, this means that inbound traffic is allowed. To ENABLE the firewall on b o o t and to s ta rt it, execute the following commands: systemctl -
Computer Security Administration
Information Security Group Information + Technology Services University of Toronto Endpoint Security Policy System A Network Access Control System with Vulnerability Detection and User Remediation Evgueni Martynov UNIX Systems Group Mike Wiseman Computer Security Administration Endpoint Security Policy System Table of Contents Acknowledgements............................................................................. 3 Change History .................................................................................... 4 Summary ............................................................................................. 5 Overview .............................................................................................. 5 Network Isolation ............................................................................... 6 Vulnerability Detection ....................................................................... 6 User Remediation ................................................................................ 8 Administering ESP ............................................................................... 8 ESP Operations Experience ................................................................ 9 Appendix I – Installation and Configuration of ESP server ........... 10 Using init.sh ..................................................................................... 10 Post-Installation ................................................................................ 11 Configuring an ESP Server to Work with an ESP Agent ....................... -
Netfilter's Connection Tracking System
FILTERING POLICIES BASED UNIQUELY on packet header information are obsolete. PABLO NEIRA AYUSO These days, stateful firewalls provide advanced mechanisms to let sysadmins Netfilter’s and security experts define more intelli- gent policies. This article describes the connection implementation details of the connection tracking system tracking system provided by the Netfilter project and also presents the required Pablo Neira Ayuso has an M.S. in computer science background to understand it, such as an and has worked for several companies in the IT secu- rity industry, with a focus on open source solutions. understanding of the Netfilter framework. Nowadays he is a full-time teacher and researcher at the University of Seville. This article will be the perfect complement to understanding the subsystem that [email protected] enables the stateful firewall available in any recent Linux kernel. The Netfilter Framework The Netfilter project was founded by Paul “Rusty” Russell during the 2.3.x development series. At that time the existing firewalling tool for Linux had serious drawbacks that required a full rewrite. Rusty decided to start from scratch and create the Netfilter framework, which comprises a set of hooks over the Linux network protocol stack. With the hooks, you can register kernel modules that do some kind of network packet handling at different stages. Iptables, the popular firewalling tool for Linux, is commonly confused with the Netfilter framework itself. This is because iptables chains and hooks have the same names. But iptables is just a brick on top of the Netfilter framework. Fortunately, Rusty spent considerable time writ- ing documentation [1] that comes in handy for anyone willing to understand the framework, al- though at some point you will surely feel the need to get your hands dirty and look at the code to go further. -
Hostscan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts
HostScan 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts 10/1/19 © 2019 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco public. Page 1 of 76 Contents HostScan Version 4.8.01064 Antimalware and Firewall Support Charts ............................................................................... 3 Antimalware and Firewall Attributes Supported by HostScan .................................................................................................. 3 OPSWAT Version Information ................................................................................................................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows .................................................. 5 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.890.0 for Windows ........................................................ 44 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macos .................................................... 65 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.824.0 for macOS ........................................................... 71 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Antimalware Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux ...................................................... 73 Cisco AnyConnect HostScan Firewall Compliance Module v4.3.730.0 for Linux .............................................................. 76 ©201 9 Cisco and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. This document is Cisco Public. -
Communicating Between the Kernel and User-Space in Linux Using Netlink Sockets
SOFTWARE—PRACTICE AND EXPERIENCE Softw. Pract. Exper. 2010; 00:1–7 Prepared using speauth.cls [Version: 2002/09/23 v2.2] Communicating between the kernel and user-space in Linux using Netlink sockets Pablo Neira Ayuso∗,∗1, Rafael M. Gasca1 and Laurent Lefevre2 1 QUIVIR Research Group, Departament of Computer Languages and Systems, University of Seville, Spain. 2 RESO/LIP team, INRIA, University of Lyon, France. SUMMARY When developing Linux kernel features, it is a good practise to expose the necessary details to user-space to enable extensibility. This allows the development of new features and sophisticated configurations from user-space. Commonly, software developers have to face the task of looking for a good way to communicate between kernel and user-space in Linux. This tutorial introduces you to Netlink sockets, a flexible and extensible messaging system that provides communication between kernel and user-space. In this tutorial, we provide fundamental guidelines for practitioners who wish to develop Netlink-based interfaces. key words: kernel interfaces, netlink, linux 1. INTRODUCTION Portable open-source operating systems like Linux [1] provide a good environment to develop applications for the real-world since they can be used in very different platforms: from very small embedded devices, like smartphones and PDAs, to standalone computers and large scale clusters. Moreover, the availability of the source code also allows its study and modification, this renders Linux useful for both the industry and the academia. The core of Linux, like many modern operating systems, follows a monolithic † design for performance reasons. The main bricks that compose the operating system are implemented ∗Correspondence to: Pablo Neira Ayuso, ETS Ingenieria Informatica, Department of Computer Languages and Systems. -
Lecture 11 Firewalls
BSc in Telecommunications Engineering TEL3214 Computer Communication Networks Lecture 11 Firewalls Eng Diarmuid O'Briain, CEng, CISSP 11-2 TEL3214 - Computer Communication Networks Copyright © 2017 Diarmuid Ó Briain Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back- Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License". TEL3214 Firewalls 09 May 2017 TEL3214 - Computer Communication Networks 11-3 Table of Contents 1. AN INTRODUCTION TO FIREWALLS........................................................................................................................5 2. THE DIGITAL SECURITY PROBLEM...........................................................................................................................5 2.1 HOME......................................................................................................................................................................5 2.2 ENTERPRISE...............................................................................................................................................................6 2.3 ROAMING INDIVIDUAL.................................................................................................................................................6 2.4 PERIMETER DEFENCE AND FIREWALLS.............................................................................................................................6 -
Introduction to Linux Virtual Server and High Availability
Outlines Introduction to Linux Virtual Server and High Availability Chen Kaiwang [email protected] December 5, 2011 Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived Outlines If you don't know the theory, you don't have a way to be rigorous. Robert J. Shiller http://www.econ.yale.edu/~shiller/ Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived Outlines Misery stories I Jul 2011 Too many connections at zongheng.com I Aug 2011 Realserver maintenance at 173.com quiescent persistent connections I Nov 2011 Health check at 173.com I Nov 2011 Virtual service configuration at 173.com persistent session data Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived Outlines Outline of Part I Introduction to Linux Virtual Server Configuration Overview Netfilter Architecture Job Scheduling Scheduling Basics Scheduling Algorithms Connection Affinity Persistence Template Persistence Granularity Quirks Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived Outlines Outline of Part II HA Basics LVS High Avaliablity Realserver Failover Director Failover Solutions Heartbeat Keepalived Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived LVS Intro Job Scheduling Connection Affinity Quirks Part I Introduction to Linux Virtual Server Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived LVS Intro Job Scheduling Configuration Overview Connection Affinity Netfilter Architecture Quirks Introduction to Linux Virtual Server Configuration Overview Netfilter Architecture Job Scheduling Scheduling Basics Scheduling Algorithms Connection Affinity Persistence Template Persistence Granularity Quirks Chen Kaiwang [email protected] LVS-DR and Keepalived LVS Intro Job Scheduling Configuration Overview Connection Affinity Netfilter Architecture Quirks A Linux Virtual Serverr (LVS) is a group of servers that appear to the client as one large, fast, reliable (highly available) server. -
Comodo Korugan UTM Security Target Lite
Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. Tasnif Dışı/Unclassified Comodo Korugan UTM Security Target Lite Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. Comodo Korugan UTM 1.10 Security Target Lite COMODO YAZILIM A.Ş. The copyright and design right in this document are vested in Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. and the document is supplied to you for a limited purpose and only in connection with this project. No information as to the contents or the subject matter of this document or any part thereof shall be communicated in any manner to any third party without the prior consent in writing of Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. Copyright © Comodo Yazılım A.Ş., 2014-2017 Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. 1 / 48 Author: Onur Özardıç Comodo Yazılım A.Ş. Tasnif Dışı/Unclassified Comodo Korugan UTM Security Target Lite List of Tables Table 1 ST and TOE References ........................................................................................ 6 Table 2 Functional features of TOE ..................................................................................... 8 Table 3 Major Security Features of TOE ............................................................................. 8 Table 4 Assets using TOE resources .................................................................................15 Table 5 Threats addressed by TOE only ............................................................................16 Table 6 Threats met by TOE and TOE Security Environment ............................................16 Table 7 Threats Addressed by TOE Security Environment .................................................16 Table -
Netkernel: Making Network Stack Part of the Virtualized Infrastructure
NetKernel: Making Network Stack Part of the Virtualized Infrastructure Zhixiong Niu Hong Xu Peng Cheng Microsoft Research City University of Hong Kong Microsoft Research Qiang Su Yongqiang Xiong Tao Wang Dongsu Han City University of Hong Kong Microsoft Research New York University KAIST Keith Winstein Stanford University Abstract We argue that the current division of labor between appli- This paper presents a system called NetKernel that decou- cation and network infrastructure is becoming increasingly ples the network stack from the guest virtual machine and inadequate, especially in a private cloud setting. The central offers it as an independent module. NetKernel represents a issue is that the network stack is controlled solely by indi- new paradigm where network stack can be managed as part of vidual guest VM; the operator has almost zero visibility or the virtualized infrastructure. It provides important efficiency control. This leads to efficiency problems that manifest in vari- benefits: By gaining control and visibility of the network stack, ous aspects of running the cloud network. Firstly, the operator operator can perform network management more directly and is unable to orchestrate resource allocation at the end-points flexibly, such as multiplexing VMs running different applica- of the network fabric, resulting in low resource utilization. It tions to the same network stack module to save CPU. Users remains difficult today for the operator to meet or define per- also benefit from the simplified stack deployment and better formance SLAs despite much prior work [17,28,35,41,56,57], performance. For example mTCP can be deployed without as she cannot precisely provision resources just for the net- API change to support nginx natively, and shared memory work stack or control how the stack consumes these resources. -
The Book of PF Covers the Most • Stay in Control of Your Traffic with Monitoring and Up-To-Date Developments in PF, Including New Content PETER N.M
EDITION3RD BUILD A Covers OpenBSD 5.6, MORE SECURE FreeBSD 10.x, and NETWORK EDITION NETWORK 3RD NetBSD 6.x WITH PF THETHE BOOKBOOK THE BOOK OF PF OF THE BOOK THE BOOK OF PF OF THE BOOK OFOF PFPF OpenBSD’s stateful packet filter, PF, is the heart of • Build adaptive firewalls to proactively defend against A GUIDE TO THE the OpenBSD firewall. With more and more services attackers and spammers NO-NONSENSE placing high demands on bandwidth and an increas- OPENBSD FIREWALL • Harness OpenBSD’s latest traffic-shaping system ingly hostile Internet environment, no sysadmin can to keep your network responsive, and convert your afford to be without PF expertise. existing ALTQ configurations to the new system The third edition of The Book of PF covers the most • Stay in control of your traffic with monitoring and up-to-date developments in PF, including new content PETER N.M. HANSTEEN visualization tools (including NetFlow) on IPv6, dual stack configurations, the “queues and priorities” traffic-shaping system, NAT and redirection, The Book of PF is the essential guide to building a secure wireless networking, spam fighting, failover provision- network with PF. With a little effort and this book, you’ll ing, logging, and more. be well prepared to unlock PF’s full potential. You’ll also learn how to: ABOUT THE AUTHOR • Create rule sets for all kinds of network traffic, whether Peter N.M. Hansteen is a consultant, writer, and crossing a simple LAN, hiding behind NAT, traversing sysadmin based in Bergen, Norway. A longtime DMZs, or spanning bridges or wider networks Freenix advocate, Hansteen is a frequent lecturer on OpenBSD and FreeBSD topics, an occasional • Set up wireless networks with access points, and contributor to BSD Magazine, and the author of an lock them down using authpf and special access often-slashdotted blog (http://bsdly.blogspot.com/ ). -
Ready; T=0.01/0.01 21:14:10 Ipl 160 Clear Zipl V1.8.0-44.45.2 Interactive Boot Menu
Ready; T=0.01/0.01 21:14:10 ipl 160 clear zIPL v1.8.0-44.45.2 interactive boot menu 0. default (ipl) 1. ipl Note: VM users please use '#cp vi vmsg <number> <kernel-parameters>' Please choose (default will boot in 10 seconds): Booting default (ipl)... Initializing cgroup subsys cpuset Initializing cgroup subsys cpu Linux version 2.6.32.36-0.5-default (geeko@buildhost) (gcc version 4.3.4 [gcc-4_3- branch revision 152973] (SUSE Linux) ) #1 SMP 2011 -04-14 10:12:31 +0200 setup.1a06a7: Linux is running as a z/VM guest operating system in 64-bit mode Zone PFN ranges: DMA 0x00000000 -> 0x00080000 Normal 0x00080000 -> 0x00080000 Movable zone start PFN for each node early_node_map[1] active PFN ranges 0: 0x00000000 -> 0x00020000 PERCPU: Embedded 11 pages/cpu @0000000000e92000 s12544 r8192 d24320 u65536 pcpu-alloc: s12544 r8192 d24320 u65536 alloc=16*4096 pcpu-alloc: [0] 00 [0] 01 [0] 02 [0] 03 [0] 04 [0] 05 [0] 06 [0] 07 pcpu-alloc: [0] 08 [0] 09 [0] 10 [0] 11 [0] 12 [0] 13 [0] 14 [0] 15 pcpu-alloc: [0] 16 [0] 17 [0] 18 [0] 19 [0] 20 [0] 21 [0] 22 [0] 23 pcpu-alloc: [0] 24 [0] 25 [0] 26 [0] 27 [0] 28 [0] 29 [0] 30 [0] 31 pcpu-alloc: [0] 32 [0] 33 [0] 34 [0] 35 [0] 36 [0] 37 [0] 38 [0] 39 pcpu-alloc: [0] 40 [0] 41 [0] 42 [0] 43 [0] 44 [0] 45 [0] 46 [0] 47 pcpu-alloc: [0] 48 [0] 49 [0] 50 [0] 51 [0] 52 [0] 53 [0] 54 [0] 55 pcpu-alloc: [0] 56 [0] 57 [0] 58 [0] 59 [0] 60 [0] 61 [0] 62 [0] 63 Built 1 zonelists in Zone order, mobility grouping on. -
Nftables Och Iptables En Jämförelse Av Latens Nftables and Iptables a Comparison in Latency
NFtables and IPtables Jonas Svensson Eidsheim NFtables och IPtables En jämförelse av latens NFtables and IPtables A Comparison in Latency Bachelors Degree Project in Computer Science Network and Systems Administration, G2E, 22.5 hp IT604G Jonas Svensson Eidsheim [email protected] Examiner Jonas Gamalielsson Supervisor Johan Zaxmy Abstract Firewalls are one of the essential tools to secure any network. IPtables has been the de facto firewall in all Linux systems, and the developers behind IPtables are also responsible for its intended replacement, NFtables. Both IPtables and NFtables are firewalls developed to filter packets. Some services are heavily dependent on low latency transport of packets, such as VoIP, cloud gaming, storage area networks and stock trading. This work is aiming to compare the latency between the selected firewalls while under generated network load. The network traffic is generated by iPerf and the latency is measured by using ping. The measurement of the latency is done on ping packets between two dedicated hosts, one on either side of the firewall. The measurement was done on two configurations one with regular forwarding and another with PAT (Port Address Translation). Both configurations are measured while under network load and while not under network load. Each test is repeated ten times to increase the statistical power behind the conclusion. The results gathered in the experiment resulted in NFtables being the firewall with overall lower latency both while under network load and not under network load. Abstrakt Brandväggen är ett av de viktigaste verktygen för att säkra upp nätverk. IPtables har varit den främst använda brandväggen i alla Linux-system och utvecklarna bakom IPtables är också ansvariga för den avsedda ersättaren, NFtables.