amSemper Floreat Thursday July 28 Pa;e 2 PROGRAMME I — July 28th, 29th, 30th. Le Conservatoire and two acts of Giselle. Le Conservatoire — famous Danish classic, this Ballet was an outstanding success in the 1965-66 International Tour, Decor is by Sydney artist Desmond Digby. 'm&hm Giselle — This ballet was presented by the compaiiy during the Third International Festival of Dance in Paris last year, and was awarded the Grand Prix of the City of Paris. PROGRAMME 11 — August 1st to 6th. Haymonda —this ballet, popular in the repertoire of many companies, was remounted for the Australian Ballet Company by Rudolf Nureyev. This ballet, danced in many centres in Europe, drew enthusiastic applause for the decor. Nureyev chose the contemporary British designer Ralph Koltai, who is well known for his work with the Royal Shakespearean Company at Stratford-upon-Avon. The music is well known to everybody, and it includes many of Glazunov's most famous melodies, PROGRAMME III. Illyria. Elekira. Pineapple Poll. Illyria is the first ballet from the premier danseur Garth Welch, This ballet is concerned with dance patterns and movements to express varying moods, Two students from the University who attended Elektra — this ballet was created for,the Royal Ballet the Moral Re-armament Conference in Canberra in^ in 1962 by Robert Helpmann. This is a po\verful January this year have started a new campaign. This' Dance-Drama that Helpmann has revised for the campaign is to introduce students to a revolutionary Australian Ballet. The commissioned score is by idea based on absolute honesty, absolute unselfishness, Malcolm Arnold with decor by Arthur Boyd. absolute love and absolute purity. The group has so Pineapple Po// — This ballet was first performed at the far presented two films," A Man to Match the Hour," Sadler's Wells Theatre in 1951, and was introduced to and "Profile '64," as well as a film night at the Avalon Australia by the Borovansky Ballet. Theatre. Ballet Concessions are available on Monday and Any enquiries: M, Reza, King's College, Phone Tuesday nights at the Theatre (Her Majesty's) from 70 1126, 7 p.m. onwards —$1. Bahai Society — 3 talks on the principles of the Bahai Faith. Universal Peace. A spiritual Solution to the Economic Problem, An International Tribunal. Tuesday, 2nd August, Room 39, Main Building. 1.10 p.m. All Welcome. Anglican Society. Newman-S,C.M. Joint Camp. Theme: Existentialism in the University. Speakers — Professor Butz-Olsen, Paul Simpson, Father Illtyd, FXJfS Mick Oley and Dr. Theile. August 5th-8th. Cost $6. Open to all. Margate Methodist Youth Centre. See Regent ~ Peter Sellers again as Inspector Clouseau in Sven Condon. A Shot in the Dark. If you saw The Pink Panther, you will remember the excellent graphics, photography music. This should be the same. Music is by Henry m Mancini. Skyline Drive-in — The excellent British movie The L-shaped Room. Lido — Cassanova 70, Mastroianni's comedy of the aemis dangerous loves of a Nato officer. This film has had a long run in Melbourne, and has got mixed reviews Politics —Labor Club. Nightly at eight at the Rialto Theatre, West End — all over the world. There is a one-act ballet film The Wednesday, 3rd August. Stranger with it. Jean-Paul Sartre's play Altona. The play proclaims the Relaxation Block at 8 p.m. right of the individual to personal freedom through its Debate on Conscription. story of tormented family life in the mansion of a Prof. Francis v. Philip Richardson. German industrialist, formerly a Nazi supporter, John Ray Brian Laver. whose war-hero son has lived a recluse through the. obselite , ,^ Queensland University Musical Society. . thirteen post-war years. environmental dinmg September 9th at 8 p.m. the Society, with Musica Viva . The production is by the National Theatre Company Orchestra, will give a performance of Haydn's Nelson of Perth. jf< 5 p. m.onwards Student concessions of $1 per ticket; show student ^^ Sunday jazz sessions Mass and Vivaldi's Gloria in St. John's Cathedral. w^ine service Programmes $1 available at the Cathedral door. cards when getting tickets at Palings. _ cellar gallery Proceeds in aid of the St. John's Cathedral Completion Twelfth Night Theatre, 39 Wickham Terrace. Harold Fund. '^^^^. »j'i i7-'^''^i^y available for Pinter's The Birthday Party. Directed by Maureen Strugnell. July 28th, 29th, 30th, August 4th, 5th, 6th, \^0mii\M \m^ private parties Physiotherapy Bar-B-Q. . at 8 p.m. 3rd September at 6 p.m. Mixed Common Room, Brisbane Arts Theatre: Opening on July 29th, Noel Beer available, and dancing to the Avengers, Coward's comedy Hay, Fever, Directed by Jack Hollingworth. Thursdays to Saturdays, at 8 p.m. Hong Kong Formal. The Duchess of Malfi is being produced by Tenth anriiversary of the Hong Kong Students Assn. , DRAMSOC at the Avalon, but they are too super­ University Refectory August 26th, 8 p.m,, $6 cilious to put in copy. double. -/?/«//(/''Ton^ — Son of Owo. U.Q. Boat Club Annual Dinner. Architects'revue. . National Hotel — Wed., August 3rd, 7.30 p.m. > August 1st to 6th at 8 p.m. Tickets $4.50 from Sports Union Office, Avalon Theatre. Tickets at Union Shop. Boat Club members and old oarsmen only. Produced by Willie Young and Dick Stringer. ANYONE WANTING SPACE ON THIS PAGE CONTACT DAyiD FERGUSON AT SEMPER OFFICE Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 3 the Our Liberty depend* on the Freedom of the Presi. mul, that cannot be limited without being loMt*- Courier-Mail Open

forum BP ST. LUCIA SERVICE STATION MAINLY TO PROVE DOES GET READ I9TH CENTURY GIFFORD GUFFAWED intention of hearing an opposing Sir, point of view. Cnr. Gailey Rd. & Sandford St. What a place of contradic­ It's amazing how many em­ APATHETES Sir, Karin Jordana, Arts 1. bryonic academics or intellec­ tions our beloved brain factory , Sir, I have recently become inter­ is. A moderate or conservative tuals have the idea that they arc ST. LUCIA Ph. 71 1361 in the vanguard of a revolution­ After reading Mr. Lonic's ested in politics but have not is. immediately labelled as "fas­ letter (Semper, July 14) I feel I formed any political bias as yet. cist", and a left-winger as ary movement to overthrow the INCENDIARY STUDENT "Establishment," This is laud­ must defend the average Aus­ Before making this decision my ON THE WAY TO "communist". One is apathetic tralian from his republican- aim has been to attend meetings Sir, or a ratbag. Liberal morality is able, but Llni students have had these ideas for generations, and patriotic fervour. Such utter­ sponsored by various political Many students prefer a less THE UNI. preached, but the references to ances of similar republican groups. In this way 1 hope to formal environment than ihc sax in Semper and the (in)famous generations of us have been disillusioned. fervour have been widespread in obtain an idea of the policies of one existing throughout Ihc Joke Session remind one of the certain sectors of the Australian these parties and on the basis of library proper at present, and WE DRIVE YOU jokes which were going around So endelh the lesson and this knowledge to form a politi­ many also like to smoke while sermon, press in times past, but the ideas in Grade 7. proposed have died the death cal opinion. working. At present, the three there and deliver Nowhere is this more evident Mai Prentis, they richly deserved,Such repub­ rooms which formed part of the Arts/Law 1 Yesterday I attended a lecture the car than in the ambivalent attitudes licans as Mr, Lonic who arise given by the secretary of the old library seem to cater ade­ of many towards demonstra­ P,S. As a sop to Cerberus (and and attempt to stir the multitude quately for these people, but Ron Baldwin), librarians are Communist Party. Those of us tions. People who would obvi­ (that's you and me, baby!) will who attended the lecture for the they arc to be closed, and all SEE ERN ously consider an Anti-Vietnam fascists, but they're 0,K. fas­ find their words drowned out in must thereafter conform to the cists. But down whh turnstiles, purpose of learning something demonstration a pleasing mani­ a raging storm of good old about another ideology were not standard. If this happens, many festation of our tolerant demo­ Australian apathy. given a chance. A large number students will beat a considerable HE CARES! cratic tradition condemn con­ A DUBIOUS DRAGON Mr. Lonie was following the of students had come along with disadvantage. 1, for one, have servative elements (and I'm right spoor when, in his first the object of preventing this no wish to be bouncing out of CAR SEATS convinced that the Engineers Sir, paragraph, he refers to "more man from being heard. my chair every so-often to go are needlessly abused for this) This letter is to bring to immediate problems", for this These champions of demo­ outside for a smoke. Repaired & recovered who demonstrate for the other general notice the appalling lack is what he and his fellow non- cracy who continually inter­ The main library is the only side. Obviously, unnecessarily of shopping baskets in the new, conspirators have to contend jected with references to per­ suitable general study area on rowdy behaviour is to be air - conditioned tJniversity with. The issue of the Mon­ sonal freedoms were imposing the campus. Therefore, bearing A GRADE MECHANIC frowned on in any Faculty's branch of Wool worths Inc. now archy's Role in Australia is such restrictions on this man's equal in mind that there are in exist­ members of any political colour, gracing the previously sacred a crashing bore to most people freedom to express himself. The ence any number of air-condi­ but "let him who is without precincts of academic literature. that only a real crisis in this fair elements of Communism to tioned buildings where smoking blame throw the first stone." In spite of this, we must com­ land of ours (cop that, ye which they were so violently is permitted without there being mend the management on its dastardly nationalist republi­ objecting were exactly the same any resulting ill-effects on the THAT SEMPER artistic arrangement of mer­ cans!) resulting in a complete kind of restrictive elements comfort of non-smokers, I One rejoices to see learned chandise, leading to the false overhaul of our Constitution which these students were im­ request that the Librarian and people complimenting us mor­ impression that it is catering to would break the link with.the posing on the speaker and their Committee reconsider the ques­ tals on the present debate about all our needs. Crown of the British-descended fellow students who wished to tion of smoking in the library, the Monarchy (Open Forum, Since the new turnstiles have Australians. listen. with a view to providing one •S.F. Vol, 36, No, 8). They then been introduced to prevent the In the meantime, however, all Before Mr, Gifford had even reading area that is different deprive us of our feelings of alleged disappearance of mer­ we can do is to nibble away at begun to speak he was subject from the rest. Perhaps if one area could be opened to and, but for the 'men in grey'. nationality, suggesting that we chandise, might we suggest that those great insults to our to jeers of the old hackneyed Mr. Baldwin would not have cannot "respectfully call our­ the checkout girls wear a niore nationalistic pride as one of the type like "get out ya Red smokers for a trial period, some definite information could be had a chance to read it. selves a nation" at the moment. intimidating uniform to dis­ New-Emerging Forces. bastard". This moronic inter­ Students who have attended How patronising can a 2nd-year tinguish them from 0,G,P,U, Yours, apathetically national­ ruption continued throughout gained as to whether or not the effects on the air-conditioning the University for several years get? Sir Bob may be "British to The frozen goods section, ist. the entire lecture in spite of the realize (hat while controls are his boot-straps," but so are 90% however, warrants no comment, chairman's repeated reminders are adverse to the extent that Lance Winter. non-smokers object. A decision being necessarily introduced, of Australians — we can't help as it is well policed by a curious that a question time would be the librarj' service is increasingly it, we were born that way. We species of dragon. available at the end. When given one way or the other might then be made of the basis of this improving: they will accept that can still have our national Lynne Forsyth, Arts II. an opportunity to express their the co-operative atmosphere identity (who denies that we Margaret Bornhorst, Arts II, objections in the form of intelli­ information, or some alternative solution sought,, such as retain­ which used to exist in the two- have?); and I can't think, off­ Anne-KatrinEckermann.ArtsII, THE MID-DAY MEAL gent questions this rabble ele­ storeyed Main Library which hand, of any person who has M, J, Dunn, Arts II, ment had little contribution to ing the use of the three ground- floor rooms. provided one reading-room was given more years of service to Sir, make. How could they — they not able to survive the evolu­ Australia than Sir Bob, regard­ I feel sorry for Intrigued had not listened to the talk — Peter Pearce, Arts tionary development which has less of what we think of him or ONE LATE NIGHT (Semper, July 14); he is dis­ they were not even interested produced the seven-storeyed, his politics. As for Sir Alec A WEEK gusted by Semper, but I notice enough to listen to Mr, Gilford's air-conditioned establishment at Downer,. I would deny em­ that he goes to great pains to replies to questions posed by GAUNTLET PICKED UP the end of the Main Building. phatically that he regards Her Sir, tell us that he isn't a prude. other students. Being a law student, surely Majesty with "glassy eyed in­ After noting the remarks Obviously not being a prude is En masse, these hecklers were Sir, Mr. Baldwin understands the fatuation" — no bloke with an regarding the failure of the some sort of status symbol effective but when it came time Willingly do 1 accept your need for laws, rules and regula­ M.A. is given to this, and if his recent late opening of the which Intrigued feels he ought to show their grasp of the challenge to defend the library to brag about. tions within a community and actions suggest it, there is a very University Bookshop in the situation just presented they staff, especially when they are the institutions serving it, surely good reason for it, i,e„ he is Union Spokesman, June 16, the It might interest Intrigued were unable to make any intelli­ victims of such unwarranted he is not serious when he claims se'rving Australia, The knock­ following comments may be that psychologists consider pros­ gent comments. Perhaps if they criticism as that written by to have experienced "an intense ers will have to knock for a long pertinent. titutes and the like to be had used their exuberant energy R. Baldwin and printed in Semper Floreat, vol. 36, No, 8, feeling of persecution" while in time to get rid of the Monarch]^, (1) The arrangements were amongst the most conservative in a little mental thought their the library, and knows that the It is possibly unnecessary, but it hardly advertised. What did any and narrow-minded people in obvious lack of political under­ If it really does exist, the library staff will not even repri­ is a desirable expedient for the of the representatives of the the community, so it would be standing and knowledge would so-called "high-handed, in­ mand him unless he shows in- law, government and Common­ part-time students do about no real surprise to hear that in have been greatly enhanced. tolerant and Hitlerite attitude of considcration towards his fellow wealth relations. We might be this? Why cannot use be made fact even the seasoned harlot I certainly gained little from many members of the Main student. Library staff are not better-off as a republic (who of the P/A system to advertise had been embarrassed. How­ the lecture. One thing I did Library staff" is a direct, neces­ determined to deny him his knows?), but does it matter? part-time students of matters ever, this is not the real point of learn however was that our so- sary result of the underhand, the issue. Do we stifle the press student rights and liberties but As Peter Coleman suggests, this such as this? called "freedom worshippers" inconsiderate and disrespectful to provide each student with an' is probably a phoney debate (2) A single week of later because they may embarrass are not interested in universal treatment by some students, someone? Intrigued admits that past and present, of the Library, efficient library service. anyway. opening until 7 p.m. during a freedom of speech — only that I agree with Mr. Baldwin on The Amazons are attacking term poses difficulties in making whether we are embarrassed or which sprouts their ideals. This The controls which have been not is merely a matter of condi­ introduced this year are not one statement: that the physical (S.F. Vol. 36, No. 8), Ho ho. this known and is not of as they say is the unique fault of proportions of the library staff much use to part-time students tioning when he states that the Communists. attempts by library staff to per­ It's not a "feminist crusade," "we've become accustomed to secute students — the turnstiles is irrelevant to the service that but women "will be fighting for as one regular late opening library gives. When he learns night each week throughout the light treatment of several human have been introduced as an recognition, etc," One wonders characteristics, once treated as Cheers for Slaughter. attempt to decrease the number that there are possibly one if Not Just Another Girl would academic year until about hundred library employees he 6.30 p.m. Who is going to save sacred". I was repelled by the quality of thefts and unregistered loans accept the same responsibilities which became incredibly high has not yet sighted, he may as men, as well as the rights up their requirements in books I reject Intrigued's hypothesis of the remarks. So-called in­ decide upon a re-examination that by printing references to telligent young men — the before the introduction of an (which women substantially al­ and accessories until the one exit check; the 'men in grey' are of their general physical pro­ ready have). Saying that men week in term when and if the so-called "sacred cows" we are chosen 10 per cent —came portions. Librarians are people lowering moral values. If in across with unoriginal cliches employed to shelve books, and, and women should be equal is Bookshop opens late? Very few when necessary, maintain the (many of them even students) absurd. It's like saying that students will wait more than a fact moral .standards are finite which showed a shallow know­ who spend more time on their things which can be raised or ledge of world situations today. atmosphere proper to a library Wes Hall is as good a fast week to purchase a required — one of peace and quiet — so feet than the average student. bowler as Michel Jazy is a miler. text. What consideration did lowered (which I deny), then When Mr. Gilford made this change is not induced but that students who enter the They may have been forced to We must ask "equal with respect Union Council give to a sug£;es- reference to the 500 Commun­ library intending to work have build higher the "brick wall of to what?" Of course men and tion such as this before putting is a personal decision, whether ist leaders "slaughtered" in overt or unconscious. a fair chance to do so; and the authority" because of the dis­ women must have equal legal their requests to the manager of Indonesia recently, this mass of fines are imposed so that honesty and inconsideration rights and duties, and equal the Bookshop? I also feel sorry for Intrigued freedom lovers cheered loudly. students develop the habit of shown by library users. educational opportunities, but (3) Finally a very important that he finds a woman's men­ Does the fact that these men returning books on the due date were Communists make them In conclusion I would suggest when it comes to jobs, men must factor in the apparent failure of strual cycle revolting. It is a per­ in order that more books are that Mr. Baldwin (1) considers get them first. Women have the venture was the bad weather. fectly normal occurrence for more eligible for persecution? more frequently available to Is it not a tragedy of humanity both sides of each argument always had social privileges that It started raining on the Wed­ most adult females, and only more readers. But for the turn­ before protectively defending men haven't. This is not the nesday night and rained con­ when people begin to regard that it possesses machinery and stiles, that book on political such topics with the same weight power to destroy 5(X) human one and vehemently attacking subjection of women, but the tinuously throughout Thursday theory may have been stolen, the other, and (2) as soon as recognition of the innate differ­ and Friday. We cannot avoid as the mid-day meal, will this lives. but for fear of a' fine. being society of ours be a healthier possible, loses his persecution ences between men and women. the fact that bad weather keeps I can't help wondering how imposed, the previous bor­ complex. We can all be satisfied without students away from lectures. place in which to exist, these students form their politi­ rower may not have returned it. cal ideas when they have no H£16ne Strachan, being the same. J. H. Thorburn. -phrenia. Student Librarian. Semper FJpreat Thursday July 28 Page 4 conducting a frantic search dangerous among the startled parishioners. Realising the culprit was giving communist himself up, they doubled back, to

ij»*• apprehend the said person upon dealt with the sacristy steps, and he was Incident at St. James' Church, unceremoniously bundled into the Coorparoo^ Sunday, 19lb July. sacristy to face the music. ' Father Power was the celebrant Half an hour later, I was of Ivlass, and preached the sermon "bundled out" of the sacristy, — or rather, half of it. 1 had not after having been threatened with fulfilled my Sunday obligation in the watchhouse twice, the Black the morning so intended to do so Ivtaria thrice, and was told I at the six o'clock Mass in the would be in court the next morn­ evening at St. James'. 1 had no 5|£ ing. I endeavoured to shake hands preconceived intentions, but, with the celebrant, but was not much to my surprise, events took allowed to do so. Both the Parish an unusual course. Priest and the police sergeant hurled invective against me, as I The sermon was on the illwill refused to give my name, only of those who wish to "update" mentioning that I was from the Church. Father had said that *i! c Sydney. I asked could we ent^r there were people in the Church •WO.S into loving dialogue rather than who criticised the policies of the hateful discussion; to which the Church and desired reforms with­ Cxi reply came quickly and fast: in Catholicism. He declared that "You will be in court tomorrow^" these people must have found the Whereupon I insisted on witnesses disciplines and the teachings of « »t (they were refused) and asked the Church too rigorous, and * E

The following orgaiiisations sebel design have given their full support to the aims and objects of the ^! award 1967 Sebel Design Award:— hateful discussion w "*•*» or loving dialogue discovered that Father had not Si* c e.'Z rapidly turning, into quicksand, The Sebel Design Awaril will be given for heard what had been said. a C left things up to the Parish Priest, The Institute of Directors, .^* the best design of any three-dimensional 56 Hunter Street, Sydney. who had been working on a product.The range of products would include He then attempted twice to The Royal Melbourne institute of Technology, continue with his sermon, found couple of my friends outside, , consumer goods, as well as products used in 124 Latrobe Street, Melbourne. U M 01 buildings and homes, transportation, com­ The Gordon Institute of Technology, himself nonplussed, and meekly He bounced in again, exuber­ mercial, industrial and scientific machines Fenwick Street, Geelong, Victoria. suggested to the people that he antly shouting: "I know who he and equipment, "street furniture" such as The East Sydney Technical College, had been interrupted, and was is" —after having suggested to litter bins, lighting standards, etc. Forbes Street. Oarlinghurst, •^ unable to continue — all the while my friends that 1 was a psychia­ No entries will be accepted of graphic, Australian Institute of Management, shuffling his papers together. He :-itri c case, who had done theo­ textile or surface packaging designs. North Sydney. left the pulpit and continued logical studies. He demanded an The Sebel Design Award itself will be valued The following organisations Mass. I continued to participate =*• s apology, which I gave on condi­ at $500, and there will be a Special have, at our invitation, also in the Mass in the same fitting tion that Father mentioned in his Commendation valued at $250, an Award of agreed to nominate judges for and proper manner as I had be­ sermon next Sunday, that there Merit valued at $150, plus two Special the Sebel Design Award:— fore. After receiving Holy Com­ SUB were loving critics in the Church. Students' Awards of $50 each. The Industrial Design Council of Australia, munion 1 returned to my former f« k B As 1 was being trundled out of There will be an independeit panel of welt- Degraves Street, Melbourne. place at the back of the Church, the sacristy door, the Parish qualified judges, nominated by interested Industrial Design Institute of Australia, Priest mentioned to a female professional bodies. It is hoped that, to Unbeknown to me, the Eccle­ North Sydney. friend of mine that "she had a further the aims of the Award, all entries of siastical and Civil machinery of €•2-5 Australian Association of Advertising Agencies, lovely mother", and was keeping an acceptable standard will be exhibited the Church and State respectively, 33 York Street, Sydney. gijl bad company —to which T and publicised in suitable venues was already in motion —Ser­ Australian Association of National Advertisers, geant Q and his good wife had started to take violent objection, throughout Australia. 44 Pitt Street, Sydney. but to no avail. Sebels (Australia) Limited will have no noticed, but not heard, what had Royal Australian Institute of Architects, happened, and "somehow" the rights or interests in any of the prize- North Sydney. The policeman went to his wife winning entries. Parish Priest in the presbytery and car, the Parish Priest to the Society of Industrial Designers, adjacent, was contacted. Entries must be submitted North Sydney. Presbytery, and the young curate, by 28th February. 1967. Associated Chambers of Manufactures of Australia, who deplored the police inter­ For k\\ details and Entry Registration Hm%. After the last blessing. Father vention while speaking to myself Canberra, A.C.T. Power (the celebrant), from the which must be Iodget!by30thNavember,1966, Institute of Industrial Engineers, \l\an d my friends outside five altar, asked the person who had apply to: 525 Elizabeth Street. Sydney. minutes later, was angrily sum­ The Department of Industrial Arts. spoken, to report to the Sacristy moned from the Presbytery lawns SEBEL DESIGN AWARD, The University of N.S.W., Kensington, N.S.W. — the very thing the said person by the Parish Priest, with the Box 225 Post Office, had intended to do alt. along. On S OS Bankstown, N.S.W. (4V 70-0771) words: "Good heavens, Father, my way to the sacristy, the law come away immediately from and the chiirch bustled past me. them. Your tea is on the table."- iMn Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 5 ^HE University Labor Club chose as its theme for the 1966 Week of Socialism, Wheeldon Cairns "Is the ALP a Socialist Party?" The question is becoming more relevant Following on the University The week of socialism con­ to Australian politics and to the future of the Labor Party as we move farther staff members, a Labor politi­ cluded with Dr. Jim Cairns cian, Senator John Wheeldon, addressing a packed audience in away from the idyllic days of prc-World War I when much of the Party's a barrister from Western Aus­ the relaxation block on the tralia, on Wednesday night theme of the week "Is the ALP literature gave the impression of the socialist millennium being just over the iiill. posed the question: Is the ALP a Socialist Party?" In fact. Dr. a mistake? This paper involved Cairns did not discuss whether some earnest searching by a or not the ALP is or was a person on the inside of the Socialist Party rather he sought Labor Parly, about the very to show how it could be a important question of the Par­ Socialist Party in the future. ty's future in terms of policies "Whereas Senator Wheeldon and composition. seemed to want the Labor Party The Labor Party he said, was to decide whether it was to be composed of two distinct groups socialist or liberal, in Dr. of persons: the Liberals, in the Cairn's terms left or right. Dr. traditional sense, i.e., those who Cairns was not so dogmatic, but while believing that there are accepted that there are two anomalies and injustices and groups in the ALP, that there room for improvement in our have been two groups for the to cover all his paper whether in socialism and achieved little of showing international initiative society believe that the basic last seventy years and that there Hughes terms of national or inter­ it, in Australia an early accept­ and international goodwill. structure of Australian society will remain these two groups in national socialism. ance of the role of the State in Though these should be the should be preserved; and the the Party in the future. Such a Professor Col in H ughes open­ Social justice, Mr. Wertheim economic life led to Australian bases of a Socialist Party's Socialists, in the traditional division is likely to be more ed the week with a paper on said, could be summed up in the politics becoming socialist in foreign policy he doubted sense, i.e., (hose who believe evident in Opposition than in "Socialism and Social Classes", satisfying of basic community result though not socialist in whether any Socialist or Labor that the ills of society are not in­ Government and has a func­ a difRcult subject to discuss in needs by the reallocation of intent. Party in Government as distinct cidental or accidental blemishes tional relationship to the period Australia due to the absence of financial resources in Australia. The socialism of mateship from in Opposition had es­ which welfare legislation can in Opposition. • any great number of Australian When the present criterion for was a search for a uniqueness poused them. clear up but result from injus­ In foreign policy, the first social scientists working on this allocation is: what will of an Australian identity, it was Coming to the ALP and tices inherent in the capitalist group, the right, has a similar social classes even though much bring the optimum profit?, it is not based on any doctrines of foreign policy Mr, Richardson system itself and require changes policy to that of the Govern­ of the work written on Austra­ ndt surprising that some 200,000 egalitarianism or on any scienti­ paid it the compliment of "at in the basic structure of Austra­ ment while the left, believing lian politics and history is about Australian families live on less fic socialism. Though Lane least thinking about foreign lian society. It was fairly that there is little danger of classes. Added to this is the than f JOOO a year and that preached socialist harmony his policy" and not merely accept­ obvious that Senator Wheeldon invasion from Asian Commu­ difficulty of translating irito the while more than £100 million utopianism was out of place in ing a foreign policy made in belonged to the latter group. nism or from China, would Australian scene the findings of can be spent on advertising only the aims of the early Labour Washington or London. The It is because of these two assist the new Asian nations overseas social scientists. about five per cent of this figure Movement. Lofty idealisms ALP he said was hampered in groups that deep differences through the birth pangs of their Socialism, Professor Hughes can be given to underdeveloped could not survive the fights of formulating foreign policy by have existed and still exist in the social revolutions. In domestic said, was about freedom and/or countries. the nineties. the absence of^ information Labor Party. Furthermore lib­ policy, the right group want to power, and about equality and given to it by the Government. erals are alienated from the be acceptable to all and initiate To institute socialism, the If by socialism is meant a Party by what they feel is a the existence of social classes major areas of production theory of society worked out on He might also have added that policies in response to pressures which he defined as being based should be in the hands of the nonempirical grounds then the Mr. H. B. Turner, Liberal M.P. on production and consumption. community. Straight nationali­ value of Mr. Recce's paper was for Bradfield and Chairman of From this definition it would sation, he said, is only one way that the ALP in its foundation the Parliamentary Foreign Af­ seem then that the ALP, if a to achieve this. The setting up and early years was not a fairs Committee has complained socialist party in present terms of competing public enterprises, socialist party even in its of the same lack in regard to of declining numbers of pro­ and workers participating in the advocacy of state enterprises. Liberal backbenches and to the AND ducers, should have its basis in ownership and management of It was rather a party working in Foreign Afl"airs Committee. both the consumers and the factories and workshops should a society which accepted the It is in the field of Foreign ' producers rather than mainly in also be considered. The basic liberal ideas of Britain and Afl'airs that the ALP comes the producers. Professor structure must be altered so that accepted that the State could closest to being a Socialist Party, THE Hughes said that Democratic consideration can be given to interfere to secure the rights, if one accepts Mr. Richardson's Socialists have as their object how people work and nqt economic and social, of large ftvc criteria for such. While social equality and social justice whether in a profit seeking sections of that society. agreeing with him that it is far POLITICOS and aim their policies mainly at society, a man is falling behind easier to formulate foreign that class, the economically in the rat race. policy in opposition than in poorest, for which these ideals, One of the most significant Government and with the re­ translated into Government so­ membrance of those two differ­ cial services, are most required. points that Mr. Wertheim made Richardson Party with liberal intent but from different groups. This was that, though a person may ent men — Harold Wilson in Though there is minor dis­ Opposition and Harold Wilson with a socialist structure (trade group he said was definitely not have these aspirations to change Phil Richardson in "another unions), while socialists are socialist. The left on the other agreement in Australia as to the society and may have come disjointed talk", on Thursday, in Government — one can argue where poverty ends, there is that within the Labor Party's alienated because, while they hand wished to apply the three across the enormous gap be­ discussed the ALP and Foreign agree with the structure and principles of Need, Opportunity major disagreement on how far tween aspiration and (he ability Policy. After filling in the back- aims, Parliamentary personnel Governments should pursue a and policy-makers there is a aims of the Party, they realize and Self Government in forming deliberate policy of eradicating great measure of agreement on that the composition of the policy and such would be the poverty and introducing egali- his five criteria. On the last Party prevents any basic altera­ basis of a socialist programme. larianism. Should a Govern­ three, there would be close on tion to the structure of Austra­ The Party in the last sixty years ment take from the rich and unanimity, and on the second a lian society. Senator Wheeldon had sufi^ered from having a give to the poor, or should it large majority in agreement. It argued that the Labor Party if it leftist policy while at the same leave the top in comparative would be on the first that dis­ is going to continue to exist as a time having a rightist campaign affluence and try to build up the agreement over power blocs and political force must make up its and organisation. The job of bottom by the provision of alliances would be shown, a mind which line it intends to the Party was to choose between social services, subsidies to pur­ difference in Senator Wheeldon "s follow. Is it to be the Australian the alternatives of rightist or­ chasing power and direct cash terms between the liberals who Liberal Party such as died with ganisation and rightist policies payments? Australia, said Pro­ largely favour inclusion in Deakin's fusion with Reid? Is on one hand or a leftist policy fessor Hughes, has one of the power alliances and the social­ it to be the Socialist Party which and leftist organisation on the • least satisfactory social service ists who largely favour some­ has the intention of effecting other, i.e., a Socialist policy and systems in the world, a criticism thing approaching armed neu­ socialist as distinct from liberal campaign. Dr. Cairns sup­ which would seem to suggest trality, which Mr. Richardson policies? One might well put in ported the latter. that, far from equality between seemed to suggest as being more a third question here and ask: The two Labor politicians does the line of demarcation were in many ways similar in social classes having been sought to change, this does not repre­ ground of the difiiculties en­ in keeping with Socialism, ' in Australia in post war years, Possibly those favouring armed have to be drawn so rigidly? their views, although Dr. Cairns sent a reason "to opt out of countered by Socialist Parties Might not a Labor Parly whose social classes have been moving politics." Opting out, particu­ neutrality of the Swedish type did not seek the rigid demarca­ in coming to grips with foreign structure allows due regard to tion that Senator Wheeldon steadily apart. larly for those who have policy, he outlined what he felt though not expressing it in Unfortunately, though Pro­ acquired, through study, specia­ these terms would be in the the wishes of both trade unions seemed to ask. In this regard should be the basis of a socialist and liberals and whose policies Cairns was more in keeping with fessor Hughes demonstrated the lised knowledge, is no solution. foreign policy: Firstly, a policy majority of the front bench lack of any Government action Perhaps it is because so few members. reflect a combination of the practical politics in Australia in of world peace with the break aspirations of both be more that the Labor Party docs not to reduce social classes, he did academics are opting in to the down of power blocs. This not bring the ALP directly into centre of politics in Australia, likely to succeed in Australia have to be a one hundred per would not detract from the right both in terms of gaining politi­ cent pure Socialist Party to the argument. What his aud­ that Mr. Werthcim's description of self-defence; secondly, an ience wanted to know was, given of political parties as "armies cal power (without which hope implement the policies he ad­ opposition to imperialism and a political party has little reason vocated. his definition of socialism and struggling in the night, with oppression anywhere; thirdly, his description of post-war slogans and banners" has such a for existence), and in terms of being bound to offer national cfTecting major changes such as Australia, do the ALP policies note of reality. There is a par­ assistance to underdeveloped and record suggest that in office ticular need for academics and the ALP already plans in its countries; fourthly, trying to Federal Platform ? it would in fact be a socialist public servants to "opt in" to build up the authority of the party or merely a leftish replica Australian politics. United Nations and fifthly of the Liberals. Wertheim Reece The Week of Socialism answered the question: Is the ALP a Socialist Party? in the negative. It is unlikely Though Peter Wertheim, on Bob Reece gave the Wednes­ the second day, was to speak on day lunchtime paper on "Ideolo­ that the ALP will in the future be a Socialist Party in any "Socialism and Freedom", after gies in Australian Politics" due apologies he didn't; but which was something of a mis­ scientific socialist sense, though it will continue to propa­ discussed images of socialism in nomer since the basis of his gate policies aimed at reducing the difTerences in social a paper which could have served paper was that there have been as "An Introduction to Social­ no great ideologies in Australian classes, at giving greater public ownership of iudusti;ic8 ism", in defining the terms to be politics. His paper, dealing with used during the week. the period in Australian history and resources and at pursuing a foreign policy based on a Socialism, he said, had four up to 1910, would have been less dependent role than presently taken. In composition criteria; passion for social jus­ better placed at the beginning cf tice, concern with the kind and the week since if history is to it will continue to be a coalition of left and right both have any value it should be to quality of life, subjugation of believing generally in the Party's aims but to dilferent the profit motive, and a pluralist give a clearer understanding of society in which all religious and the present by showing what degrees and seeing different ways of achieving these. The cultural groups would be free to trends and movements of the develop as they wished. Ac­ past have made that present. methods chosen and the speed of movement will depend on tually the last three criteria, as As it related to the theme of the leadership, the personnel in the Parliamentary Party he discussed themy could have the week, Mr. Recce's paper been parts of the first.' The showed that while in Europe and whether the Party is in Government or in Opposition. passion for social justice seemed people spoke and wrote about Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 6 Students & the

CAREERS WITH C.R.A. Positions which matter The prosperity of our nation depends greatly on the mineral industry which offers firm, secure employment in a wide variety of inter­ esting positions. The Conzinc Riotinto of Australia Lunited (C.R.A.) Group has important mining and in­ dustrial interests throughout the Common­ wealth and in its operational and development work is doing much to open up remote areas. This aspect of its activities should have special appeal to ambitious, dedicated young Aus­ tralians who want to occupy positions that really matter. The C.R.A. Group includes operational units which are internationally recognized as leaders in their fields, and offer many avenues of em­ mine the extent of ore bodies. Two outstanding ployment at professional level. C.R.A.'8 rapid examples of C.R.A. discoveries are the bauxite expansion during the last decade or so has re­ deposit at Weipa and the Mt. Tom Price iron sulted in large numbers of trained men being ore deposit in the Hamersley Ranges. Exten­ required both in the operational, accounting sive proving work is also being conducted on a and service fields. Opportunities for promotion major copper discovery on Bougainville in the are great, and some of the categories of staff Solomon Islands. In established mines such as dirty little war that C.R.A. is seeking are as follows: Zinc Corporation and New Broken Hill at MINING ENGINEERS Broken Hill, at Rum Jungle and Mt. Tom Few companies mine as many different min­ Price geologists determine the characteristics erals as Uie C.R.A. Group. In addition to min­ of the ore bodies and help plan their extraction. ing at Broken Hill, the Hamersley Ranges, OTHER REQUIREMENTS • "The most dangerous foe to text, personal liberty which is Weipa and Rum Jungle, mineral sands are C.R.A. also has vacancies in other profes­ dredged on North Stradbroke Is. (oflE Bris­ trutli and freedom in our mi(Jst is meaningless when one has no sions, each providmg satisfying and rewarding future or security, disruption of a bane). Each of these operations presents its employment, such as civU, mechanical and the compact majorily. Yes, Ihe own problems, its own challenges and provides electrical engineers, accountants and econom­ damned, compact, liberal major- way of life for a foreign system of in consequence a storehouse of experience for ists, agricultural scientists and forestry officers. individualism. Are these real those working there. The work is in good con­ ifv," These words of Ibsen may ditions and modem machinery and methods CRA. AS AN EMPLOYER well apply lo many at this Uni­ choices for the people of Viet­ are used. Young engineers on appointment The salaries paid to C.R.A. staff members versity. We, Ihe self-righteous, nam? Does this choice exist? serve periods in different departments, and compare favourably with general industry stan­ complacent and comfortable stu­ Or is it only in the mind of those aided by further instructional courses can dards, and are in accordance with qualifications dents, who return to warm homes who are seeking to impose quickly be promoted to responsible positions. and experience. The benefits provided by the each night, who live in a world of democracy by force? As It is the METALLURGISTS & CHEMICAL ENGINEERS Group are substantial, among them bemg non- contributory provident fund for male per­ suicidal ignorance while the rest people of Vietnam have liltie say Metallurgists and chemical engineers in the manent members on reaching 21 years of age; of the world goes by. We, the in the matter. Decisions are C.R.A. Group are concerned with the treatment made for them because they are of ores, the recovery of its metal content as annual leave which varies between three and five proud inheritors of this satisfied efficiently as possible, and with research. The weeks according to location, insurance and medi­ corner of the world, yet often ignorant of the system that is cal plans, even housing finance in some cases. ruling in "God's Own Country," range of opportunities is wide, and as opera­ Some of CR.A.'s mining operations are in blind to the realities around us, tions develop and extend, the range will be in­ need to be awoken rudely. and by those who are convinced creased further. Metallurgists and chemical remote areas of Australia, but employees re­ quired to work in these places can expect living Semper is concerned with the that because it is the best system engineers also participate in research and de­ conditions and amenities not far removed from and therefore necessarily the velopment, which are activities on which C.R.A. those in the capital cities. attitude of Ihe students in this spends large sums each year. University, this place of "Light, only one for others. Kow long will it be before we will admit that GEOLOGISTS APPLICATIONS Liberty and Learning". What The C.R.A. Group is very active in the // you would like to work for CRA. in any utter crap this is Where is the other systems are possible and search for new mineral deposits in all States of of these categories mentioned, either having Light? Where is the Liberty when may be best for other countries Australia, in the Territory of Papua/New qualified or studying in these fields, you are in­ we do not allow others to give who do not share our values, Guinea and in the surrounding areas. Field vited to write for further information to the their views? When we self- attitudes and culture? Who are Geologists explore the territory using the latest Chief Personnel Officer, Conzinc Riotinto of we to decide for them? And if techniques, then test promismg areas to deter­ Australia Ltd., Box 384D, G.P.O., Melbourne. righteously heckle, and boo at visiting speakers? What hypoc­ we do, how can we decide when risy, when we delude ourselves our minds are already made up? thalwe give everyone "a fair go", When we refuse to think the for those who know all the an­ unthinkable? swers to Ihe problems of this The basic assumption we all world, it seems ridiculous that hold is that democracy is the best they should waste their precious system, this may be so given our time in this way, Liberty implies society, with the history of the a respect for others, a responsi­ Magna Carta, Bill of Rights, etc., COMMONWEALTH OF AUSTRALIA bility that should be guarded but can this or will this make jealously, not distorted to suit sense to a people who do not have oi\e's selfish aims and beliefs. our experience and history? Where is Learning if we do not Totalitarianism is no new pheno­ The Department of Works, largest Design and question, think over; If we blab­ menon to many of the Asian Construction Authority in Australia, offers ber away with generalities and countries, it has existed under meaningless phrases. We should the T'ang and Sung dynasties in be honest with ourselves, think China, yet life had been possible over what is happening, what has under these regimes, art and been said and what has been literature continue "to delight CADETSHIPS and astonish" us. We must con­ done; not join a group of spine­ less,- ignorant and bigoted fools. cede the.factthat we may not have with great scope for advancement and experience in « Vietnam may be taken as an a monopoly of truth and justice example. Most, if not all of us, that will satisfy all Ihe cultures have vague ideas on Ihe issue. and civilisations of the world. ARCHITECTURE - ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Yet this has not prevented us Force and coercion will only lead from drowning out those who seek to'bitterness and resistance which CIVIL ENGINEERING - QUANTITY SURVEYING to present a better, if only partial will only perpetuate the struggle. view, of the picture. We have not' i Let us be bold in our convictions • open to University and Technical College students who hesitated to jeer them to such an and also be brave enough to are under the age of 28 years in March, 1967 151 if TO DIRECTOR OF WORKS, extent that we riot only were un­ listen to other views, for it is only an ex>serviceman). 130 CREEK STREET, BRISBANE. Q'U. able to hear what they have to say through this that we will be able • Diploma students must be eligible for appointment to but prevent others from doing so.' to strengthen our position and the Third Division of the Commonwealth Sendee. Please send me further details and an application form know the weakness of our op­ It has been said that eternal ponents. An open society (like • Salary while training full-time at the University or for a Cadetship with Department of Works. Technical College varies from $1350 to $2762 (male vigilance is Ihe price of liberty, ours?) should have faith in each rate) and from $1164 to $2360 (female rate). but "0 Liberty, what crimes are NAME.. of us or else we may m\\ end up • On successful completion of their course Cadets are committed in thy name I" Liberty, by being what we accuse our or freedom from what and to advanced in the Department of Works as Architects, ADDRESS.. opponent of being? Let us be Engineers or Quantity Surveyors and are engaged on what? From a system of authori­ brave enough to give rights io design and construction duties in one of our State tarianism, indifference to person­ or Territory Branches. others that we grant ourselves - al liberty, harmony with nalure to or are we afraid of them? Act iow—Applications close on 4tb AUfHst, 1966. STATE. a democracy which has little or no background In Ihe Asian con- Semper Floreat Thunday Jut/ 28 Page 7 There is a brighter side, of 10 PAGE VIETNAM SUPPLEMENT course. Americans and Austra­ lians have befriended village com­ munities and civil aid projects, although insignificant compared Just before the Geneva Con­ were sent men and materials. The ference on Korean Disputes of with the military effort, have been United Stiates met this with a instituted. 1954, the French suffered a con­ change from a supposedly advi­ clusive defeat at Dien Bien Phu. sory role to an active one: it has This put the Viet Minh in a very greatly increased its forces until The United States is in Vietnam Vietnam; strong position in negotiations as part of its fight against Com­ the South Vietnamese are now which were arranged at the taking a supporting role. When munism. The South Koreans, the Geneva Conference. An agree­ the infiltration from the North Australians and the New Zealand- ment was reached which allowed increased, the U.S. began to ers are there primarily because for cessation of fighting, with­ bomb North Vietnam in an efl^ort they have been asked to be there drawal of forces, temporary divi­ to stop the flow of men and by the Americans. Australia is lllBCto sion of the country into North and supplies. The "limited" bombing not there under any obligation South, freedom of movement of to date has not decreased this under S.E.A.T.O. (Action under civilians, etc., but which provided flow; indeed, it has increased. It S.E.A.T.O. requires unanimity in for free elections and re-unifica­ has been proposed that extension the S.E.A.T.O. Council, which is tion of the North and South in of bombing in the North, to impossible in the case of Vietnam, 1956. This was very favourable to include Hanoi, Haiphong and because at least two members, the Viet Minh, as they had industrial and irrigation projects, France and Pakistan, are highly AD 1966 numerical superiority in the North will be a way of stopping this critical of American intervention). and estimated that they would support. However, after con­ The United States is not obliged need only a 20 % Communist vote sidering the proportion of man­ under S.E.A.T.O. to defend Aus­ gEMPER has gone overboard on Vietnam in this edition. in the South to peaceably gain power available to the Commu­ tralia against non-Communist ag­ For readers who have, previously ignored or lost track control. Neither the American nist countries to the numbers gression. Perhaps this is why of the situation we begin with this comprehensive back­ nor South Vietnamese Govern­ actually infiUrating, it is clear that . Australians are in Vietnam — to ensure our future defence. Our ground coverage. It was compiled for us by Mai Dunning, ments signed this agreement, such provocation will only lead although America proclaimed it commitment is militarily insigni­ who is, somewhat significantly, doing Civil Engineer­ to further escalation, involving would support it. China and possibly the Soviet ficant. ing IV. Union. Even people who deplore U.S. The result of the agreement was involvement in Vietnam have so Vietnam has a population of and a series of unsuccessful na­ a very effective cease-fire, and the The war in the South is a far been unable to find a solution about 32 million, slightly more tionalist revolts, directed against regrouping of forces to the North shocking affair. Vietnamese of to the dilemma. Negotiations do than half living in the North. The the French, occurred in the late and South. 90,000 people went both North and South are as not seem possible because neither people speak Vietnamese. Most 19th and early 20th centuries. north, while more than 800,000 barbarous as their Mandarin side is willing to make conces­ are of Viet origin, although there These early revolts had limited went south — but this was not an predecessors. Allied forces are sions; and concessions must be are 1 million Chinese, mostly in aims — the main consideration indictment of the north, as implicated in the torture and made when the military situation the South, and they form 50% of was to remove the French and to 600,000 of those who went south murder of prisoners by South does not give one side greater the population of Saigon. The life restore some of the old order. By were Catholics. 65% of the Vietnamese. Gerald Stone (au­ bargaining power. Is this a case expectancy is low, and the birth 1925 the effects of the Russian Catholics left the north, while thor of "War Without Honour") for escalation, then? If the U.S. rate high — typical of under­ Revolution were felt in South 99.5% of the non-Catholics is only one of many people who could make convincing gains, developed countries. Most of the East Asia. A school-teacher, who stayed there. The Americans, have been shocked by this state of perhaps then negotiations could people are Buddhists (7O%-80%) later became known as Ho Chi who moved into the south when affairs. The Viet Cong must take take place; or conversely, if the while Catholics form a relatively Minh, formed in Canton an As­ the French withdrew, encouraged some prisoners, because they can U.S. were losing, a settlement small group of 1 million (mostly sociation of Revolutionary Viet­ the Catholics to move south, always find an American to might be reached, as in 1954. in the South). The people live namese Youth — later to become using leaflets, etc. — but the execute as a reprisal for execu­ Both seem unlikely — it is in­ mainly in the delta areas of the the Indochinese Communist Party Catholics had memories of ill tions of their members in the conceivable that the U.S. should Mekong and the Red Rivers and — and later the Viet Minh. The treatment at the hands of na­ South. suffer military defeat when it is on the coastal plains. Most of the communists worked among na­ tionalists, and Catholics are very the richest and probably the most country is jungle, swampy or tionalist groups in Indochina, and anti-Communist. powerful country in the world — mountainous — the latter region during the second world war The extensive use of bombing yet to defeat the Viet Cong is being inhabited by the Montag- worked in anti-Japanese move­ and artillery by the Americans going to be almost impossible nards, who appear to be regarded ments, rescuing American airmen The most promising Vietnam­ accounts for a very large propor­ without a long, drawn out war. as inferior by the coastal and city and receiving American arms. ese for the United States of tion of the casualties in the war. Certainly no rapid gains which dwellers. (The Japanese occupied Vietnam, America to back as a leader in Just how many of these casualties could result in negotiation are the French providing a Vichy the South was Ngo Dinh Diem, are Viet Cong and how many are likely. However, public opinion The total area of the country is Government.) and in the early years of his civilians is difficult to determine; in the United States could force a about the same as that of England government some notable gains but a village temporarily harbour­ reappraisal of the situation. Com­ and Wales, or one quarter the size In 1945 the Japanese appointed were made. With U.S. aid, the ing Viet Cong, willingly, un­ plete withdrawal of forces would of Texas. The climate of the Bao Dai as leader, but on the economic situation improved and willingly, or indifferently, must undoubtedly mean that com­ North is influenced by winds from Japanese surrender, Bao Dai the economy became better than have civilians present, but it is munistic regimes would gain China (as is the political climate) abdicated and Ho Chi Minh de­ that of the north. The 1956 nevertheless considered an ap­ power in Laos and Cambodia, with summer and winter distinct clared himself leader. He held a elections, of course, were never propriate target for napalm to where there has been unrest for — while the South has a mon- rigged election and comman­ held. The Nationalist Liberation flush the people out and fragmen­ many years. Thailand, also under soonal climate. deered fallow land for crops, thus Front began its notorious activi­ tation bombs to cut them down. a right wing military regime, is beating famine: and generally he ties, killing or kidnapping govern­ Although this might be an effec­ receiving extensive U.S. aid (chief­ became relatively popular. How­ ment appointed village heads, tive way to fight a war, it will not ly military) and would perhaps The economy is predominantly while the South Vietnamese Army win the support of the people. agrarian — the North having ever, the French soon moved in suffer upheaval without the U.S. to re-impose their colonial rule. was trained and equipped by the presence. A military victory for more industrial development — U.S. to resist massive invasion — but the South is richer agri­ The British in the south and the the U.S. in Vietnam would not, Chinese (under Chiang Kai Chek the lesson learnt by the French The attitude of the South however, win its people to de­ culturally. about the effectiveness of guerilla Vietnamese to the war could not — now of Taiwan) in the north tactics being apparently wasted mocracy in the Western style, be described as enthusiastic. Their because of their alienation from Strife in Vietnam can be traced assisted the French. Unsuccessful on the U.S. — Diem's rule be­ army is largely conscripted, and negotiations occurred between came oppressive. Fortified vil­ the Americans and the unpopular back to III B.C., when the area the desertion rate is very high. In regimes they support. was a Chinese province; it re­ the French and Ho Chi Minh, lages of various types were tried Saigon, Australians and Ameri­ mained so until the IQth century, while the French stalled for time by the South Vietnamese as cans have been known to display when the Chinese were forcibly to get re-inforcements in. They protection against terrorism, but racial prejudice against the people This is the position in Vietnam, evicted by uprisings: and they re­ soon began to get rid of the Viet these were not successful, and by they have been sent to defend. We are defending people who are turned, for a brief stay only, in the Minh in Coochin China, and the 1961 80% of the South was under They are not punished by the not greatly concerned with their 15th century. By the 18th cen­ Viet Minh reacted with terrorism. Viet Cong control. Diem's cor­ Vietnamese Government for civil own protection, mainly so that tury, the Vietnamese had ex­ The French shelled Haiphong in rupt regime played right into the crimes. The demonstrations we are a little more secure. Is it panded their territory from the the north, killing 6,000 people, Communists' hands, and even­ against the Government and the worth the cost? north to Coochin China, which is mostly civilians. Thus the con­ tually Diem was removed and Americans make the situation now South Vietnam. The society flict became a war. The French, somehow shot. Then followed difficult, and the Catholic "We in those days consisted of a in 1949, set up Bao Dai as Em­ numerous military coups, the love America" demonstrations wealthy Mandarin class and a peror. The West recognized him, latest putting Ky into power on are little comfort, coming, as they very poor peasantry. This, ac­ while communist countries main nth June, 1965. do, froni a minority group. Free centuated by butchery and other tained that Ho Chi Minh was the elections are still apparently im­ forms of inhumanity to the poor, rightful leaden possible — Ky has stated that if led to revolts which so threatened In the North, the Communists a government were elected In the Mandarins that they col­ With terrific cost in lives and had consolidated their position by September of which he did not laborated with the French, who money, the French were being execution and torture. The agra­ approve, he would not recognize were seeking to colonize the defeated by guerilla tactics. rian reform programme was un­ it. This would seem a rather good country. So the 19th century saw America offered help, and actually successful. When it became evi­ indication that there is little sup­ French rule imposed. The gap met about 70% of the cost of the dent that elections would not be port for Ky and his pro-American between rich and poor grew wider last two years of French effort. held in the South, the Viet Cong policies. Semper Floreat Thursday July 18 Page B -a critique

on carrying out the 1954 Geneva Agree- a slate of turmoil and tenor caused I want, in this artiole, to examins trol this would ssem to be from all found him thus, throughout one ol reports, coping with local community mants to the letter, and since these by the communist insurgency. The and evaluate the arguments put for­ his three-hour monologues, and any necessary pre-condition for orderly problems far more effectively than responsible American in Saigon knows Agreements include. provisions for ward to justify Australia's Involve­ International Control Commission development is therefore the de­ ment in the Vietnam war. The follow­ Diem's government ever did in its him to be thus. Asked to contemplate feat of the communist insurgency." ing five main arguments have been five peacetime years (1954-1959) and a negotiated peace with Hanoi — at supervision of the terms of the agreement, then any reprisals would (ibid.) advanced variously by (a) the Govern­ wltiiout any of ths corruption that any time or at any place — he has However, for five peacetime years ment, (b) its supporters in general, was' rampant among Diem's officials. a flat and final way of scorning the be immediately detected by the ICC. If the NLF did start making reprisals from 1954 to 1959, the Americans were and (c) P. Knopfelmacher. and B. A. Even It we lean over backwards to notion-. "1 would rather go out and giving huge economic aid to the Diem Santamaria in particular ("Farrago," understand the pro-Vietnam war case shoot myself." As for political ene­ on political opponents, then the Americans could threaten punitive air- regime. And what happened to this May 20, 1966). and accept the proposition that if a mies within his own borders, he views aid? In contrast lo the North Viet­ "MASS TERROR" ARGUMENT communist government came to power them with a giddy contempt, and he strikes — and, indeed, perhaps have namese Government's responsible in South Vietnam it would instituta enjoys intoning a rather lethal kind some case for intervening, If guaran­ One of the most seriously held ar­ tees of protection for minority groups, building up of agriculture and in­ guments of Government supporters mass reprisals against its opponents, of litany: "If I wish, I could destroy dustry, the economic aid lo the South seems to be that unless we fight in it still has to be shown that if an them all." extracted at the negotiating table and Vietnamese Government went into Vietnam we will be sentencing the unti-communist government came to ("Newsweek," May 30. 1966). supervised by the ICC, still failed to consumer goods, the pockets of offi­ South Vietnamese people to a reign power in South Vietnam it would not The way Ky brutally put down the put the American conscience at ease, cials, or was retained in gold and of mass terror under tlie communists. do precisely the same American sup­ Buddhist revolt at Da Nang Is perhaps the American Government could offer dollar reserves (where it could do This is a very grave proposition, and port for whatever anti-communist a taste of what -would come- if the to pay the passage overseas ot any no work for the country). The South if true, I would Immediately go out government might come to power is Viet Vong were to be defeated. South Vietnamese who indicated he Vietnamese Ambassador in London and flght (always supposing, of course, no insurance against that govern­ And there is no reason to expect wanted to leave the country rather during 1962, Ngo Dinh Luyen (a that the mass terror produced by the ment's possible treatment of its oppo­ that the American or Australian Gov­ than remain under NLF rule. Even younger brother of Dtem) even ad­ war Itself or by a future antt-com- nents. For five peacetime years from ernments would do anything about if the numbers who wanted to leave mitted: munlst government was not going to 1954 to 1959. the American Govern­ such reprisals. Neither government ran Into the hundred thousands, it "My Government has indeed built exceed in extent and duration the ment supported Diem, whose 13 sep­ has made any protest at all to the would still be a relatively minor ex­ up reserves of foreign currency mass terror likely to be instituted by arate secret police forces and Innum­ right-wing Indonesian Government pense compared to paying the passage rather than using them to found the incoming communist government). erable round-ups of political oppon­ ever the recent slaughter of a (con­ of 400,000 American GIs over to Viet­ even more schools and hospitals. nam and back again, not to mention I/et us consider the argument; even ents must have resulted in the arbi- servatively} estimated 500,000 commu- Is it not the normal policy ot any supposing what still has to be prov2d, country to achieve monetary in- that-'the National Liberation Front .dependence by its own means?" (NLF) is going to institute a one-party (The Observer, April 22nd 1962). communist government rather than a This reveals an Incredible miscon­ democratic one (free elections, respect ception of how any country, let alone for civil liberties, etc.) as specified in an imderdeveloped one, develops its program, even supposing that ths economically. That the Americans NLF is directed completely from Ha­ supported Diem solidly for nine long noi and will run South Vietnam just years and called what they were sup­ a.-, Hanoi runs North Vietnam, is U porting a government is one of the likely that it will carry out mass exe­ more disturbing aspects of that cutions ot its political opponents? country's already disturbing foreign policy. As Bernard Pall points out, Now, in 1954-55, the North Vietnam there is no more damning statLstic ese Government, through the inter­ 0^ the social conscience of the Diem mediary of its Land Reform Tribunals, regime than the figures on building was responsible for the execution of construction 'in South Vietnam be­ as many as 50,000 individuals for no tween 1957 and I960 (as put out by other crime than being classified as the American Aid Mission in SaigcnV members of the "Landlord" class. The South Vietnam built 47,000 square . There might have been a crude sort meters of cinemas and dance halls as ol justice in this were it not for the opposed to 6,500 square meters of fact that the real landlords had fled hospitals; 425,000 square meters of to the South and hence the classifica­ high-rent villas and apartment build­ tion of people as "landlords" was ings as opposed to 86,000 square arbitary to say tlie least. These exe­ meters of schools; 56,000 square cutions were utterly to be condemned, meters of churches and pagodas as and have been so by those prominent opposed to 3,500 square meters of men who yet oppose our involvement rice mills. in this war. The point is that the notion that The Important issue, however, In the Vietnam problem can be solved the question of whether this war is by first crushing all insurgency and justified, is whether the Novth Viet­ then giving the economic aid neces­ namese government is likely to repeat sary to render your military action such executions If, through Its claimed moral ignores the fad that the eco­ control of the NLF. it gains power nomic aid will only reach the people over South Vietnam. The indications if the government in power is' Tpb'rju- are that it definitely would not. The larly-based and therelore stanjfs n land reform tribunals -that metered chance of having some integnty?; As out the arbitary executions were abol­ evidenced by our lack of support for ished in November, 1955; the men re­ the Buddhists, we do not appear to sponsible for the policy were dis­ want lo support a popubrly-bascd missed from office; and. according to government. Thus the posthac'! Justi Bernard Fall, "the regime launched a flcation for our present military vast 'Campaign for the Rectification actions is not likely to matei-ialize. of Errors' in which thousands of It is all very easy to say to the Soutn prison and concentration camp in­ Vietnamese people "Blood today — mates were returned to their villages." jam tomorrow!" but If the series of In the ten years since 1955, observ* civil and military dictatorships you ers who have been to North Vietnam have been supporting for twelve years (culminating with James Cameron's have shown no signs of making re­ recent visit) have contradicted the sponsible use of economic aid, it is notion that there is widespread tsrror for War difficult to prove to, let alone con­ there (although the civil liberties arc vince, these people that sometime in certainly not much in evidence). The that perpetually receding future when likelihood of Ho Chi Minh allowing peace is supposed to arrive you will such executions to occur again if he give them a government that is gained control over South Vietnam really concerned to do something is dubious even assuming that his more than play at games of kill and motives arc purely pragmatic: if the destroy. reason for the "rectification" of policy was (as many say) the loss of popular THE "DOMINOES" ARGUMENT" support among the people that thsso The third major argument put for­ executions produced. Is it probable ward by the supporters of the GoV' that he wUl risk such a loss of popu- trary execution, or imprisonment In nlsts and their families. Nor have the cost of keeping them there or the emment Is of course the famous lar support again? "political reeducation camps," of the non-government supporters of the ctst of dropping half as many tons "dominoes theory". It would seem necessary to point out just what con­ A variant of the argument that if thousands of Innocent people (the government urged such a protest to of explosive on North Vietnam In one numljer Is probably quite comparable be made. Publicly-expressed indigna­ year as was dropped In the whole ditions have to be met before the the NLF cam^ lo power In Vietnam "threat to Australia's security" argu­ they would Institute a reign of mass with the numbers executed and im­ tion at the killing of 50.000 people in of the Second World War (as it North Vietnam during 1954-5 without stands, the American military budget ment can be established as a legiti­ terror relies on the premise that the prisoned In North Vietnam). mate basis for Australian foreign NLF have already shown themselves Furthermore, the present South an equally publlcly-expressed indig­ totals over 55 billion dollars for this nation at the killing of 500.000 people Another major argument put for­ policy in Vietnam. All of the following to be out and out terrorists without Vietnamese leader, Marshall Ky, to Jive conditions must be answered in legard for the lives of civilians or whom the American and Australian in Indonesia In 1965 is the worst sort ward by the suporters of the Gov­ of hyprocrlsy, Further, any concern ernment position suggests that only the affirmative (to answer only one concern for responsible administra­ Governments liave given their com­ or two may Impress a few but will tion of the territory under them. Tho plete support (in preference to the the Australian government shows for after guerrilla insurgency is sup­ the lives of the South Vietnamese pressed completely can economic not impress those who seek a leglU' main evidence adduced for this is Buddhists, whom Holt assures us are mate basis for our Involvement). their killing of village heads. How­ equally anti-communist and therefore people would seem rather hollow in development and building up of the ever insofar as the village heads were seemingly equally worthy of our sup­ view of the fact that it has not offered country take place — as if Viet Cong (1) It lias (o be shown that China appointed by Diem and subsequent port) has left it in little doubt as to those South Vietnamese left destitute insurgency were the initial cause of really does have expansionist alms military dictatorships and insofar as what he would do It he won the war or jobless by the war the opportunity South Vietnam's lack of economic In taking this almost for granted tho only means of successfully oust­ and retained power (and both he and to come to Australia — although in growth and utter financial dependency the Government and its supporters ing these heavUy American-armed dic­ the Americans seemed determined Europe, where people are by no on America. P. Knopfelmacher points seem to be unaware that they are tatorships was to break down local that he should). As Emmet John means destitute or jobless, the Aus­ out that: going against the consensus of expert government administration then can Hughes reports; tralian Government goes out of its "military and political efforts opinion as manifested at the 1S65 such action be considered any more way to solicit and pay for migrants. against the conununists without a Chicago Conference on China. The "It is not possible to respect a Finally, it should be said that the program of economic development judgements ot the internationally- morally repugnant than if say tho regime under Premier Nguyen Cao Bantus In South Africa started killing only way this war Is likely to end are not only wasted but Immoral" recognised experts on China who Ky as concerned with democracy or Is through negotiations. Since the ne­ (Farrago 20th May 1966) came to this conference from coun­ oS local administrators of Voerward's competent to govern. The Premier tries all over tlie world were surpris­ "government? As for the NLF's admin­ gotiating terms of the NLF and the but is immature and shallow, vastly pre­ North Vietnamese are based explicitly "economic aid cannot catch on in ingly in agreement (especially among istration of territory under their con­ tentious and wildly mercurial. I Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 9 those who had visited China in recent (the N.L.P. seems less eager for It), ment contrives to press on people a after, the wave of insurgency has •"• sweeping time span: somewhere (years* on the point that while China (ii> negotiations (at various periods language whereby it is Impossible to •might advocate violence, it did not gained momentum. between five years and one genera­ in the war, one has seemed more in­ think of the N.L.F. as being anything As for Ctilnese-inspired insurgency tion hence." have-.expansionist aims. B. A. Santa­ terested in them than the other), and but communist — to do so would maria and P. Knopfelmacher have an witliln Australia's own borders, this (Newsweek, May 30th 1966) (ill) neutrality (this is central to be "crlmethink". The implications of would seem rather incredible to say obligation to examine and refute the the N.L.F.'s program but has never this, however, are no more nor less findings put forward at this con­ the.least, As P. Knopfelmacher once E\en if we did win after five more been one of North Vietnam's stated significant than the implications of noted, very perceptively, there years of this devastating war, what ference. It has yet to be shown that objectives). Up until recently, by the the N.L.P. continually referring to the a nationalist China would not have couldn't be a revolution in Australia would such a victory mean? America American's own figures, only 2i:"'j of Americans as "U.S. Imperialist because everyone would want to sit might easily have achieved much tho carried out precisely the same actions the N,L.F.'s weapons were' of com­ aggressors". as Communist China in Tibet and on back and watch it on television. A same result In a far quicker, more munist-origin and only 1 In 5 of the (3) It has to be shown that even conventional force attack from out­ economical and even humane way If the Sind-Indian Border. It has yet to Viet Cong had come down from the be shown that American military en­ if China were in complete control of side by China could of course be she had droped several H-bombs on North (and even most of these had the N.L.F. and Vietnam liecame com- easily met by Australia's superior the country back in 1961. By July of circlement of China is not the cause, been born in South Vietnam), As rather than the eftect, ot China's be­ B.lct^y subservient to her, she could forces on land, sea, and in the air — last year, the war had harvested haif Max Teichmann has acutely ob­ advance further. not to mention the possibility of a million casualties, 700,000 refugees haviour in South-East Asia and her served, one way of testing the inde­ aggressive propaganda. The conditions that allowed the American and British assistance. Un­ and more than 500,000 urban unem­ pendence of Ihe N.L.F. from Hanoi N.L.F. to gain such strength in South less China starts building up her con­ ployed; in the eleven months since (2) It has to be shown that even if would be to try and negatiDte with it Vietnam have (o be shown to exist ventional forces, there can be no then, the American Army has been Cfiina does have expansionist aims directly and see if it responds dif­ in other Asian countries. For those possibility of a direct threat to Aus­ reporting weekly kills of up to a she also has the power (o put such ferently. This, America, for reasons who argue that the communists ex­ tralia. China's nuclear threat to iis 1,000 (most of which are probably expansionist aims into practice. that can only be dubious, does not ploit an existing discontent, it might will naturally not be affected in the Viet Cong some of whom are prob­ It is obvious that such power can seem prepared to do. be noted that other South-East Asian slightest by any land wars in South- ably communists), not to mention Its only be exercised in one oi two ways: Finally, it might be said that even countries fortunately lack leaders East Asia. own "light", "heavy" but usually (a) Direct attack on a given country if China were supplying the N.L.F. who match Diem's scale of ruthless moderate" casualties. The little ex­ by means of her army, navy, or air (4) It has to be shown that other with men and arms, which it is not, repression; hence there Is no wave threats to our security produced periments in nuclear physics that force. and even if the N.L.F.'s ideology of popular discontent for communists America performed in Hiroshima and China's army, while the largest in either directly by the war (escalation were essentially identical with that to ride to power on. Indonesia occurs into world war, international insta- Nagasaki seem rather inhibited by the world, is also one of the least of China's, which it Is not. it still to me as the one exception of n comparison. mobile: only about 101b of it is mobile bUlty) or indirectly (neglect of other would not logically entail that China South-East Asian government to geographic areas vital to our secur­ Further, according to the Govern­ and the rest is limited to defence controlled the N.L.F. It would further equal Diem in nithlessness, but ol functions in the local areas where ity, neglect of negotiations towards ment and its supporters' estimation have to be demonstrated how the course, with no assistance from free­ nuclear disarmament; damage to of the potency and nature of the given units are based. China's air giving of material aid forces the dom-dispensing American napalm force is one of the poorest in the Australian-Asian relations) do nol ex­ communist guerrilla warfare, it N.L.F. into subservience to China; droppers or enthusiastic ("I killed my ceed the threat to our security in could flare up again just like that in world, consisting purely of aged and/or just how the holding of simi­ first Viet Cong") Australian .diggers, Russlan-bullt planes rapidly becom­ Vietnam, and hence make any victory Thailand, Cambodia, Burma, Malaya lar ideological concepts would com­ the "communLst threat" there is we might achieve there a Pyrrhic one. • . . and the whole Vietnam perfor­ ing obsolete because Russia is no pel N.L.F. leaders into a subservient buried in mass graves. longer sending spare parts (let alone This sort of calculus, which makes mance would have to be repeated. If relationship to China. Vague refer­ Those who argue that the com­ the Viet Cong gained control of such new planes). China's navy is again ences to "indoctrination" and "mind a qualitative and quantitative com­ one of the poorest in the world and munists can create artifically. by parison between the various kinds of a large proportion of the South Viet­ control", while they might appeal to terror or propaganda or Judicious use namese population by virtue of their couldn't move a league without being a generation brought up on Batman threats that result from as welt as swamped in the wash of the nearest of both, the wave on which they ride Inspire a country's participation In terrorist tactics rather than by Diem's comics or play upon people's mild to power are contradicted empiri­ repressive measures, then it would American cruiser. China could mount paranoiac fears (let alone express a foreign war. seems either beyond no direct attack upon another cally by the defeat of the guerrillas ine Government (and its supporters) be just as easy for communist guer­ them), have no credibility in scien­ in Malaya who failed precisely be­ rillas to gain control in any other country, conventional or nuclear, tific fact. or is deliberately avoided in acord- without being adequately and cause they did nol, despite whatever ance with its expressed distaste for South-East Asian country. It is a speedily dealt with by American air little naive to say "we taught them power. If China should get missiles a lesson in Vietnam . . . they won't to deliver her nuclear bombs, this try it on again", for the communists, threat, of course, cannot be met by who are always given top marks for any fighting on the mainland: the cleverness, would Immediately realise only courses then available are that the Great Democracies, ex­ second-strike deterrence or nuclear hausted and wearied by the Vietnam disarmament. Further, it is difficult war, would be reluctant to enter into to see how agrarian China could in­ another of similar character. It crease the aggressive potential of her would seem that it the Government's conventional forces to any significant conception of the communist threat degree In the next twenty years or so; were correct, it would mean that the comparisons with highly industrial­ present war In Vietnam Is quite ised (Germany or Japan during the futile. last world war are ludicrous. Whether or not we would be right (b) Indirect attack through covert in taking up the war again in some control of National Liberation Front other South-East Asian country is not movements which overthrow the the point here. The question is country's government from within whether or not our war effort in and establish a regime that is sub­ Vietnam is credible to the com­ servient to China's Government. munists as an indication of our de­ Insofar as transfer of Chine.se per­ termination to resist communist in­ sonnel and weapons suggests Chinese surrections wherever and whenever control, there Is no evidence that they • might occur. That less than China is controlling any Liberation 200,000 guerrilla fighters are at present Front movement: Chinese material keeping more than a million Ameri­ aid .to the South Vietnam N.L.F. has can and South Vietnamese soldiers been insignificant; to other guerrilla more than busy, that American movements in Asia, non-existent. military experts see no end in sight Insofar as similarity of ideologj' is for the next five years, that these few suggestive of control, there is no hundred thousand guerrillas have reason to think that North Vietnam­ been fighting the most powerful ese ideology is any closer to Chinese nation on earth for seven whole ideology than it is to Russian years now . . . must make our de­ ideology; similarity between Viet­ terminations to resist such insurrec­ namese guerriUa tactics and Chinese tions seem as impotent as it is in­ guerrilla tactics is dictated by the credible. contingent military needs of the situ­ Further, the fact that the most ation, and even so, there are im­ recent Gallup poll in America showed portant differences between the Viet­ that only 46" i of Americans approved namese methods and the Chinese of President Johnson's present per­ methods. The clear implication of the formance as compared with 63"n in Russian-Chinese split would seem to- January indicates perhaps that Ameri­ be that the Vietnamese communists can citizens are losing their taste for are not compelled to take aid from the Vietnam war at just the time either the one or the other, and thus when Australians seem to be acquir­ can avoid any strings that might ing it. Undoubtedly, Asian com­ otherwise have been attached to such munists will be studying the Ameri­ aid. It is obvious from Ho Chi Minh's can Gallup polls as closely as acceptance of both Russian and President Johnson reportedly does Chinese aid (in comparable quanti­ (or rather, did ~ after the last one, ties), and careful neutrality in their he professed an uncharacteristic quarrel, that this is what he is doing scepticism about them). With the and doing successfully. That he opinion polls going this way, the should not take advantage of th>> American Government already cutting split, but allow liis country to become down on allocations to domestic sul>servient to China or Russia for civil development programs, and the reasons of ideological solidarity, is, death toll of American draftees rising moreover, highly improbable in view steadily, any future president would of the long tradition of Vietnamese The war is savag[e... The interrogator asks question^ with his feet probably he committing political nationalism and resistance to outside suicide if he led- his country into interference (which Ho Chi Minh has another war, Vietnam-style, elsewhere embodied more than any other Viet­ In Asia. namese leader, North or South). The And apart from the fact of whether only situation in which Ho Chi Minh If there is any "mind control" methods they are credited with using, "over-complication" of the Vietnam America would involve herself In might, lose his independence to going on, It is probably only of the gain popular support. issue. another, war in South-East Asia, there Russia or China would be if America variety that is equally prevalent In Even If the government ot a given (S) It has lo be shown that even if is also the question of whether she brought his country to the brink of the West. A friend of mine (of "cbn- Asian country were corrupt, repres­ the threat in Vietnam does exist, and could: if eight regular soldiers are total destruction and he was forced siderable intelligence and political sive and unpopular, the obvious has been shown to outweigh the sum experience) recently remarked to me needed to every one guerrilla fighter ,to accept Russian or Chinese troops remedy t,o insure against a com­ total ot all the other therats that to guarantee victory, how many men on his soil. that the Viet Cong must be com­ munist takeover would be to remove might result as by-products of the munist because the word "Cong" is will America need to deploy if in­ The above reasoning assumes that the unpopular government by what­ war, this threat can be successfully surgency starts sprouting all over Vietnamese for "communist". How­ ever political or military means are fought against by the means wc have the N.L.F. is controlled by Hanoi, but ever, the N.L.F. has never used this Asia? In fact, looked at this way, even this has not been established, available and appoint a better one available to us. American involvement in Vietnam term to refer to itself or its military rather than support the old repres­ either in terms of transfer of men arm (called the South Vietnam Neither militarily nor politically has may be counter-counter-productive of and weapons from the North or In sive regime and wipe out the genuine there been any evidence that we can. insurgency, or. if you prefer, pro­ Liberation Army). It is in fact a rebels against Injustice together with terms of ideological similarity. The purely pejorative term coined by the barring miracles, win this war. F, ductive ot countcr-counter-insurgency, NX.P. program for the settlement of French and re-minted by the Ameri­ the communists riding on their Knopfelmacher confidently asserts "It or to make it painfully clear, produc­ the war calls for elections through cans. The implications of my friend (metaphorical) backs. The one non- can be won" but omits to sav how tive of insurgency. Whether America universal suffrage and " a largely using this term as an argument for too-secret weapon the Americans seem long this will take. Emmet' John sinks or swims, wins or loses in liberal and democratic regime'.': only establishing the nature of the N.L.P. to have forgotten in their efforts to Hughes, in the most recent of In­ Vietnam, it will still be a matter for one on the five-man executive com­ are obvious — as nice a piece of bomb, burn, scorch communism on vestigations on this point, reports great optimism on the part ot those mittee of the N.L.F. is a communist; . "newspeak" aS Orwell could have the face of the earth is to offer the that hypothetical communist strategists important differences have been ob­ looked for had he been around to write long-suffering population a little social "all informed guesses as to when a spawning dangerously in the damp served between the N.L.P.'s and a "Nineteen Sixty-Six". The Govern- Justice. This weapon, of course, is kind of success might crown the jungles of South-East Asia. Hanoi's attitudes to (1) re-unlficatlon only effective when used before, not , • vi^l American effort fall in a It might happen too that, irrespec- Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 10 tlve of our military progress, we are Hu^kuvet, liwre tiavts oetui a iiuin- defeated politically. It would seem ber of reports in the ipress of peace highly probable that sooner or later leelers put out by Hanoi at various Saigon that will negotiate with the Imes. Here is what happened to one NX.F. and ask our forces to leave; »uch peace feeler: a faction will come to power In "The United States State Depart­ and, Ignomonlously, we will have to ment has disclosed that North do so or risk International condem­ Vietnam offered to talk peace with nation. Oar continued support for America a year ago In Rangoon, Ky would only seem to delay, and at Burma. the same time, make more certain, This offer was rejected, the depart­ such an outcome. Politically, there ment said, l}ecause 'on (he basis ol would seem no way out for us. the total evidence available to us, So far the Government and its sup­ we did not believe at any tirnc that porters have not even properly North Vietnam was prepared for established one of these conditions, serious peace talks'. let alone all five of them. Some the The communist offer to negotiate, Government has not even attempted the department disclosed yesterday, to establish. That our involvement in was obtained by the United Natlon.s Vietnam should rest on such a fragile Secretary-General, U Thant. The and tenuous basis would seem comic Secretary-General was 'furious' over If it were not the fact that the war the failure. It was revealed". Is killing over a thousand human (The Australian, llih November 196S1 beings a week. "ALL WARS ARE DIRTY" ARGU­ The lie to the American and Aus­ MENT tralian Governments' sincerity con­ Another argument or rather cerning negotiations would still seem counter-argument put forward by to be evidenced Ijest by their reluc­ supporters of the Government is that tance to negotiate direct with the all wars are dirty — a proposition N.L.F. Even if the N.L.P. is com­ which Is supposed to invalidate argu­ pletely controlled from Hanoi, why ments deriving from the particular should this disqualify them as tielng dirtiness ot this war. But most people the main ones with whom we shotild would like to make a distinction l>e- IK negotiating any more than the tween necessary dirtiness and un­ fact that the U.S. Ambassador in necessary dirtiness. The kind ol Saigon is controlled from Washington dirtiness Involved In the Vietnam war disqualifies him from lieing one ot would not seem to be furthering the the main ones with whom the N.L.F. professed aims of the war. If to should be negotiating? destroy the Viet Cong means destroy­ The Australian Government and its ing a large proportion of the civilian suporters have still not even pro- population too, It would seem that voided the beginning of a justification JOIN THE R.8.L. any victory by our side would not for our involvement in this war. be all that much appreciated by those ordinary Vietnamese for whose sakes Meanwhile, the mass media present we claim to be fighting. The Viet­ us dally with fresh images of horror. namese would not appreciate it A child burned by napalm. A suspect either because they are dead or be­ lieing tortured. A man crying help­ cause they have lost so many loved THEY'RE YOUR ones that whatever freedom they now lessly beside the body of someone have (and It may only be the free­ he loved. The Government does not dom to drink Coca-Cola or buy Lucky event seem to realise that it has the Strikes) will seem a rather cruel and onus of proof: peace needs no apology. Any fool can say it Is con­ KIXD OF PEOPLE distasteful joke. Something like this was implied in U Thant's recent ceivable that China should want to statement: expand throughout Asia, conceivable ". . , recent events have shown that that the N.LJ*. should be controlled the passion for national Identity, by Hanoi, conceivable that we should perhaps one should say national win this war. Anything is conceiv­ survival. Is the only ideology that able. It is also conceivable (and all might be left to a growing number the evidence points that way) that of Vietnamese. China does not want to expand throughout Asia (and couldn't even Thus, the increasing interevnlion by if It wanted to), that the N,L.F. Is outside powers in the conflict has not controlled by Hanoi, that we will & tended to alienate the people of not win this war. I'he point is that Vietnam from their own destiny. the Government has to show why What Is really at stake is the inde­ one conceivable possibility is more pendence, the identity and the sur­ likely than other conceivable possi­ vival of the country itself", bilities. (The Auslratmn, May 26th 19<>6) "REFUSAL TO NEGOTIATE" So the war goes on, seeming with­ 3 I. ARGUMENT out end. And the American and Aus­ tralian Governments' rather uncertain It Is often argued by the Ooverii- and delicately-erected arguments, •5^2 ment, and Its suporters too, that wc constantly toppling under the weight are perfectly willing to stop the war of their own non-sequilors or coups at any moment, and negotiate, but in Saigon, continue to kill, weekly, CADET ENGINEERS that the other side simply refuses to come to the conference table and more than a thousand human beings, talk it out with us. This argument whose deaths are only too certain, gives our side the appearance of and not very delicate, and whose virtue by the .same stroke that it lives, for them, were only too real. are needed by the Australian Post Office for full time Cadetship up to denies it to our opponents. For in­ I think, considering what we. with Bachelor Degree or Diploma standard. They are open to all under 28 years whn stance, Mr. Haslucl:, claimed in Par- so little justification, are doing to this year complete at least the first year or stage of a Degree or Diploma lif.ment on the 10th March, 1986; Vietnam and its people, that if I ever "Direct contact with the Hanoi meet face-to-face a Vietnamese per­ course in Electrical or Communications Engineering. regime was made In some capitals son who live through, and endured, The salary ranges from $1350 (under 18) to $2762 per annum and where the United States and North the. present conflict in his country, the closing date for applications is 11th August, 1966. Vietnam were tJOth represented. I will be unable to look him In the You can get details from the Recruitment Officer at the G.P.O. All these approaches were sum­ eyes. It Is not his contempt or marily rejected, Peking, Hanoi, and hatred that I fear, it is not these that the Viet Cong prefer war. Let us will make me turn my eyes away — face that plain fact. They prefer it is his pity. wai. They have chosen war". MICHAEL HAl^L-GREEN RAFTER GRADUATION You will become an Engineer Class 1. This offers a vifide range of activities including the planning and development of the telephone and radio-telephone network, the installation of automatic exchanges, carrier telephony stations, broadcast and television transmitters and the maintenance of a wide variety of plant. There are opportunities for outstanding graduates to undertake postgraduate studies for further qualifications.

iP SALARY The Commencing Salary for an Engineer Class 1 (University Graduate) is $3370 per annum, rising by four annual increments to $4768. Where qualifications are at diploma level, the commencing salary is $3076, rising by five annual increments to $4768.

PROSPECTS An Engineer Class 1 of proven ability can expect promotion In 5-7 years to Engineer Class 2 (salary range $5082-$5720) and after a further period to Engineer .Class 3 (salary range $6032-$6776) and higher positions. At present the professional engineer establishment is 1,474 Class 1 Class 2 Class 3 Higher 33§t' 598 385 156

from LOT'S WIFE/FARRAGO AUSTRALIAN POST OFFICE Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Pa{e 11 allies, and it is with these that this would be enough; less than that, article is concerned. however, is a scandal. When THE GRIME OF SILENCE Unless and until a massive murder and torture become an. Christian protest is voiced, that everyday item in the newspapers responsibility will not be met. and when they are done ia fulfil­ This article is taken from Commonweal, June 1966. CommonwealiB the second American There is little hope that improve­ ment of a national policy or even Catholic magazine from which we have borrowed material in this edition of Semper. ment will originate with the only "excused" in the light of that The religious coincidence is purely accidental and the articles are reprinted for their national Administration. Presi­ policy, silence is worse than a intrinsic merits. Although Gordon C. Zahn has addressed himself to American Catholics, dent Johnson shows little or no scandal. It becomes a crime. concern that his most consistent One can understand the hesi­ his remarks should be equally disturbing to all Christians, to non-Christians, and indeed and enthusiastic support is com­ tancy on the part of a bishop who to all morally-conscious human beings. Zahn is the author of German Catholics and ing from those very persons and finds it difficult to suggest to the Hitler*s War. groups who opposed him at the men of his flock who have been last election. In fact, he seems to called into service (and to the rejoice in this as a manifestation families they left behind!) that of some kind of national "con­ perhaps they should not be there, sensus", conveniently overlook­ that they should certainly not be are we accomplices in mass^tnurder ing the fact that he has lost the doing what they are doing there. support of many who helped elect We can also make allowance for in Vietnam? him. There is much justice to the the fact that our bishops, like the cynical observation that, as long rest of us, are susceptible to con­ as we have the Gold water policy, siderations of national pride and we might just as well have taken patriotic attachment that make it My thesis simply stated is this: scurrying for their lives while he perhaps? a "Final Solution" ex­ the man. If nothing else, that difficult to take the true measure our government is making mur­ looked down on them from terminating all suspected of Viet­ policy would have been presented of our nation's acts. derers of us all. This is not to be above. It took me back to the cong sympathies?). Unfortunate­ in the blunt candor that distin­ But to recognize these factors is passed off as a "shock opening", Thirties for a moment, recollect­ ly, I am pessimistic enough to guishes its author's public pos­ not to justify the silence, any a rhetorical device to win the ing the horrified gasp with which believe they did, and my pessim­ ture and not smothered, as each more than these same factors can attention of the reader. On the most Americans greeted that ism is not at all lessened by the new escalation has been, in the be used to justify the support contrary, it is a deliberate and Italian pilot who spoke of the appeal by one of our leading sickening syrup of pietistic self- given by German bishops to saddening conclusion to which I "beauty" he found in the mixture Catholic "experts" in internation­ righteousness. Hitler's war effort. When whole have been forced by my personal of bombs, blood and flame that al affairs that we revise our tradi­ One might hope that more of villages, inhabitants and all, are interpretation of current events. reminded him of "flowers" burst­ tional moral teaching on war to our Catholics in the national covered with a blanket of napalm As each day passes with its new ing into bloom as he ran his permit the intentional killing of legislature would be exerting merely because there is a sus­ quote of injustice and atrocity, missions against the helpless innocents! their influence to assure a fuller picion that they may harbor the one thing becomes ever clearer. Ethiopians. (One might even say Catholics today are appalled by recognition of, and respect for, Vietcong, there can no longer be We are accomplices, before and the Italian must be given the the flagrant nationalism in the the essential demands of morality; any comfortable shelter for the after the fact, some of us by better of the comparison: his was statements of Military Bishop but, here again, the patterns Christian under the principle of direct participation, the rest of us ecstasy born of aesthetic appre­ Rarkowski during the Nazi seems to be that of an uncritical the double effect or any of the by our silent acquiescence. ciation; our countryman's delight period. But what are we to make acceptance of whatever policy the other loopholes we so con­ This is not just a personal judg­ stressed the technical perfection of the statements of our own State Department and the veniently read into the traditional ment reached by me and the rest and sheer eflUciency of his opera­ military bishop who seems to generals present as "necessary". "just war" morality. The weapons of the dissident few in our midst tion.) have gone beyond even those We can take great pride in the we are using in Vietnam and the who are trying to register some The case does not rest on a extremes? At least Bishop outstanding exceptions to this, targets we have chosen (not to effective protest. My observations single television documentary, Rarkowski couched his enthus­ men like Senators Kennedy and mention those additional targets and discussions in England and however. Our national press has iasm for Nazi Germany's war McCarthy to mention only two, already being discussed as the elsewhere in Europe have revealed provided detailed descriptions of effort in his apparently sincere, but the sad fact remains that the next stage of escalation!), and all it as a widespread opinion and innumerable other instances of however deluded we might think more consistent and certainly the the other "irregularities" that one that is gaining in intensity similar behaviour -- served to us, it to be, conviction that Hitler's most outspoken opposition to the occur with diabolical regularity — with each new escalation of the replete with photographs in many wars were just wars. Cardinal nation's involvement in Vietnam these have stripped off the dis­ conflict in Vietnam. We cannot cases ~ with our breakfast coffee. Spellman, however, has reportedly have come from men who are not guises and nullified the qualifica­ ignore it when a prominent Ger­ Sometimes the atrocities are com­ embraced Decatur's dictum that, of our faith. tions so that murder stands man liberal writer demands pub­ mitted by our own men; more right or wrong, the nation's cause Perhaps we cannot be too revealed as murder. licly that American politicians often by the allies for whose is to be supported. (And what is critical of our Catholic politicians It should not be left to a small, and generals be brought before a actions we must take full responsi­ perhaps more scandalous than on this score. The same pattern of by happily growing, minority of new international tribunal to face bility, since it is our support and the Cardinal's statement is the unconcern and disregard has Catholic priests and laymen to charges of violating the standards encouragement that makes those fact that our more distinguished marked the actions (or, to be try to redeem the day for the we ourselves proclaimed at actions possible. If, as it has been journals of Catholic opinion have more accurate, the absence of any Church in America in much the Nuremberg. Nor should we be charged, Oradour and Lidice are let it pass without comment.) action) on the part of the hier­ same manner as that even smaller too quick to pass this off as some today villages in Vietnam, these The Way the War Is Fought archy itself. Pope Paul (and John handful of German Catholics fanatically extreme (or even crimes against humanity must be The justice or injustice of the XXni before him) might as well who dared to resist the Nazi "Communist-inspired") opinion. on our consciences; and we war in Vietnam is not the central have been speaking as a Moslem power. Our spiritual leaders have There are war criminals in our should insist that those imme­ issue in this article, however. I leader if we are to judge by the far less to justify their silence: no midst, and what is far worse, we diately responsible for them must have made it sufliciently clear echo his consistent appeals of Gestapo is likely to be pounding know of them and their deeds — someday be brought to judgment. elsewhere — and will undoubted­ peace and peace action have on their doors or dragging their and close our eyes to them. In a special sense, all of this ly find other occasions for doing received from the spiritual spokes­ priests off to concentration For example, some of these involves us not only as Americans so — that I do consider this a men for the American CathoHc camps. At least not yet. criminals were shown on Chicago but as Christians and Catholics. patently unjust war. But I am flock. That scandalous eagerness There will be some to say that television not too long ago in a In view of all the writing I have concerned here with something on the part of those Register I have put too much stress on the film documentary prepared by the done about the failure of German quite different: the acts and Catholics to embrace "whatever German parallels, and perhaps I Canadian Broadcasting System. Catholics to effectively oppose the policies associated with the pro­ added force is needed to win" can have. In quantity and esseiitial One memorable sequence con­ intrinsically evil policies and pro­ secution of the war which ought be traced in large part to the quality, the American atrocities cerned an act that, to say the least, grams of the Nazi regime, it would be be condemned by every Chris­ failure of our bishops to provide in Vietnam fall far short of the was a clear violation of the be neither possible nor permissi­ tian, even those — especially any moral guidance or direction crimes perpetrated by the Third Geneva conventions. A Vietcong ble for me to ignore the in­ those — who do not share my on this crucial moral issue. Reich. But the parallels are there, captive was stretched out on the escapable parallels which find over-all rejection of the war itself. Refusal is probably a more accur­ and they are growing more in­ ground with one of his captors American Catholics and their Nor can this be read as justify­ ate world than "failure" in this sistent. Note, if you will, the kneeling on his groin while spiritual leaders remaining silent ing or "forgiving" the crimes context, as the editors of Con­ developing "cult of the green another poured hatfuls of water before the fact of the misdeeds committed by those on the other tinuum and The National Catholic beret" (with its equivalent of the down the victim's nostrils. When being committed today by our side. Murder and terrorism are to Reporter discovered in their futile Horst Wessel song and all!). I the unfortunate captive finally nation and its allies. Indeed, not be condemned outright and un­ effort to get the bishops to take a would suggest that there are great died —still "on camera", mind only is it a matter of failure to equivocally, irrespective of who stand, or even to express an similarities here to the adulation you — his body was uncereinon- speak the word of protest that is may be employing them or for opinion, on some of the more lavished upon the S.S. and S.A. iously kicked aside into a ditch. so desperately needed; Catholic what purpose. It is quite irrele­ pressing mora! aspects of the war. "elite" corps in their day, to say It is hard to decide which was opinion, where it is registered, vant, too, whether the National One watches with great interest nothing of the similarity in the worse: the disgusting deed itself seems to favor an extension of Liberation Front assassinations to see how Dr. O'Brien's com­ "special services" they performed. or the picture of the others who those same policies which have of village officials be numbered in ments on the question of inten­ The parallels should be recog­ stood around (Americans in­ led to the crimes described. the tens, the hundreds, or the tional killing of innocents will be nized for what they are, and this cluded, needless to say) looking We have, for instance, the tlousands—just as irrelevant as greeted by bishops who so recent­ recognition should force all of us quite pleased, even entertained, recent report of the shocking (but that senseless debate as to whether ly participated in the quite con­ to re-examine and re-evaluate by the gruesome proceedings. not at all surprising!) results of a the Nazis exterminated six million trary decision reached by the the nation's policies and oiir The same program went on to national poll in which more than Jews or "only" one million. The Fathers of^ Vatican 11. inescapable share of the responsi­ feature an American pilot filmed 60 percent of the Catholic re­ wilful murder of even one man No one is insisting upon an bility for those policies and their in the process of completing a spondents favored the use of (whether by Nazi, Vietcong, official condemnation of the war consequences. The blood of inno­ "successful" bombing mission. "whatever added force is neces­ South Vietnamese, or American or formal anathemas directed cents is already upon our hands. One had to see and hear this to sary to win". Read that carefully: "advisor") is a crime and deserves against those who take part in it. The longer we tolerate these catch the excitement and jubila­ whatever added force is necessary I unhesitating condemnation as This would not, and should not, things in silence, the greater will tion in the pilot's voice as he I would like to think that these such. But of course, our primary be the role of the bishop in this be the blot upon our national described the splendor of the hits Catholics really did not mean responsibility is still the crimes era of the emergent layman. Pro­ honor and the burden of sin upon, and the panic of the villagers what they said (noclear bombing, committed by our men and our test in the bishop's own name our individual souls. Semper floreat Thursday July IB Page 12

HEAOOUAHTERS 5r« SKtUl IHRS WHt imtH), 1" mi WtQ AM Sm IttmOtm. f M40 THE AS? 22 July 1965 3UBJ£Cft Ivttir of Apprcclatloa

TO: Uattar 3«rftaiiat Soaald 0. i>uBe«n VIETNAM Kaadauarttra 3Xh Special Foroaa Oroup (Abn) 1at 3p«clal 7orc«8 ATO U3 Forcta, 96240 WAR 1. Z wish to exprtsa my appraoiatlon for your eut- ataoding praseatatlon of facta and inforsation of Special Forcea activities to the Honorable Robert 3. UcKanara aad party on 19 July 1965. a soldier's view 2. Throughout the entire preaentation your knowledge of jpecial Korces actlvitlea, lucid oral expreaaion, and poise were exceptional. 5. The salient pointa which you so aptly presented to the Secretary of Defense may have alEpiticant reaulta on future support of special Forces in the Republic of Vietnaa. Tou are to be congratulated for a job well done. This article was originally published in "Ramparts", 4. This letter will be made a persanent part of your allitary 201 file. an American Catholic magazine, sometimes pro­ hibited in Australia for political reasons (it has a habit of being right). One of its recent articles exposed the CI.A. training at Michigan University, Colonel, Infantry and it has been a constant opponent to the Vietnam Coaaanding war. Remember that Duncan, the author of this article, was a professional soldier, a rabid anti-communist, and such an authority that he was picked to brief top Administration officials.

hen I was drafted into the Army, ten years ago, I was a mil­ [MEMOIRS OF A SPECIAL FORCES HERO] itant anti-Communist. Like most Americans, I couldn't Wconceive of anybody choosing communism over democ- racy.The depths of my aversion to this ideology was, I suppose, due in part to my being Roman Catholic, in part to the stories in the news media about communism, and in part to the fact that my "The stepfather was born in Budapest, Hungary. Although he had come to the United States as a young man, most of his family had stayed in Europe. From time to time, I would be given examples of the horrors of life under communism. Shortly after Basic Training, I was sent to Gerniiny. t was there at the lime of Ihe the answer wis, "We can't tell you that. The Mothers of whole thing Soviet iupprculon of the Hungarian revolt. Everything I America wouldn't approve." This sarcastic hypocrisy was had heard about communiim was verified. Like my fellow greeted with laughs. Our own military teaches these and soldiers I fell rrustmled and cheated that the United Stiles even worse things to American soldiers. They then coiP would not go lo the aid of the Hungarians. Angrily. I denm Ihe Viet Cong guerrillas for supposedly doing those followed the aclion of the brute force being used against very things. I was later to witness firsthand the practice people who were urmed with sticks, stolen weapons, and of turning prisoners over to ARVN for "interrogation" wasa a desire Tor independence, and the atrocities which ensued. While serving in Germany, I ran across the Special Throughout the training there wu an exciting aura of Forces. I was so impressed by their dedication and elan mystery, Hints were continually being dropped that "at that I decided to volunteer for duty with this group. By this very moment" Special Forces men were in various ViVt\ had bctit accepted into the Special Forces and Latin American and Asian eountiies on secret missions. underwent training at Fort Bragg. I was Soon to learn The anlKommuntst theme was woven throughout, Rcc* much abotjt the outfit and the men in it. A good per­ ommended reading would invariably turn out to be books centage of them were Lodge Act people — men who had on "brainwashing" and atrocity talcs — life under com­ come out from Iron Curtain countries. Their anti-com­ munism. The enemy was THE ENEMV. There was no doubt munism bordered on fanaticism. Many of them who, like that THE ENEMV was communism and Communist coun­ me, had joined Special Forces to do something positive, tries. There never was a suggestion that Special Forces By Donald Duncan were to leave because "ihinit" weren't happening fast would be used to set up guerrilla warfare against the gov­ enough. They were to show up later in Africa and Latin ernment in a FaidsKontrolled country. America io the employ of others or as Independent agenu It would be a long time before t would look back and for the CIA. realize that this conditioning about the Cwnmunist con­ Initially, training was aimed it having United States spiracy and THE ENEMV was Uking place. Like most of the teams organize guerrilla movements in foreign countries. men who voluntetred for Special Force*, I wasn't hard lo Emphasis was placed on Ihe fact that guerrillas can't take sell. We were ready for it Artur Fisen, my cUssmttc and priianert. We were conlinuoutly told "You don't have lo roommate, was living for the day when he would "lead kid ibem yourself— let your indipnous counterpart do the first 'stick' of the first team to go into Latvia." "How that." In a courK entilletJ, "Countermeasures lo Hostile about Vietnam, An?" "To hell with Vietnam, I wouldn't loterrogation," wc were taught NKVD (Soviet Security) blend. There ans not many blue-eyed gooks." Thit wu MAina SnccANT DONALD IXINCAN Itft itle Vnlud Star ond wax At prtt enlliitd mm tn Vietnam lobe noen- methods of tomite Io extract infomulion. It became ob* to be only the first of many contradictions of the theory Slaut Army to Stptmbtr af 196S tfitr (tn ytm ofttnk*, btauJfor On Ufion of Merit. Beth Aominariou or* tlUI vious that the title was only cunounagc for leaching us (hat Special Forcea men cannot be pr^udlced about the Mitdbit tlx jtttn M Ihe SptM Forttj and tttlUttn pendbif. He partldfaled bi MM/ mlitkat behind eiumf "other" meani ofintenotation when time did not permit color or religion of other people. moitlluonoelltteomlKitdmybiyittmim. miUtbiVklnan llnetin WatZtMD, Vimi TaoandtheAnKheVoBet. Lot more tophitticattd nMtbods, for example, the old cold After graduation, I wii chosen to be a Procuremeal In rtctlrtd the Soulh VIetnamts* Sllw Star, Ike Combat Mureh he mneddown the cffer ofafieidctmmilstlon lo ihe water-hot water trcaUnenI, or the delicate operation of NCO for Special Forces in California. The joke was made b^imirt Badfi, lie Bnme Siar, and the t/nlttd Suutt rank (ff taplaln. Iwead he left VIeltmt on Sepltndttr S, lowering a man'i testicle* into a Jeweler*! vise. When we that I was now a procurer. AfUr aedog how we wot Amy Air Uedat, He wot nominated for the Amtrkon SUiet 1965 end rettlfed hit henorable £tchargt fotir days loler. asked directly If we were being told lo use these methods prostituted, the analogy doetnt leem a bad oacOcoeral Semper Floreat Thursday Jul/ 28 Page 13

VkrtMraogfi's instructions were simple; "I 'want good, many walking hand-in-hand with other men, and so mis­ cooperative, eneffetic, eonidentious, and honeit, it auto- dediated men who wilt graduate, If you want him, take understood by the newcomer. Old men with straggly Fu "Negroes do not go maticalty makes him suspect as a Viet Cong agent. him. Just remember, he may be on your team someday." Man Chu beards staciog impassively, wearing wide- into white bars except Our final instructions from the captain directly in charge leggert, p^ima-fike trouam. knot MY iNiTiAi. AsstcraoHr in Saigoo, which of the program had some succinct points. I stood in Bars by the hundreds — with American-style names at the risk of being y% lasted two and one-half month*, I volunteered shocked disbeUef to hear, "Don't send me any niggers. Be (Playboy, Hungry i. Flamingo) and faced with grenade- /—% for a new program called Project IXlta. Thit careful, however, not to give the impression that we are proof screening. Houses made from packing cases, accom­ ejected." A. M..WK a classified project wherein ipectally te- prejudiced in Special Forces. You won't find it hard lo modating three or four families, stand alongside spacious lected men in Special Forces were to train and organize find an excuse lo reject them. Most will be too dumb lo villas complete with military guard. American Ol's imall teams to be infiltrated into Lao*. The primary pass the written lest. If they luck out on that and gel by abound in sport shirjs. stacks, and cameras: motorcycles, to interpret the significance of it, and it won't be favorable purpose of dropping these teams into Laos was lo try aod the physical testing, you'll find that they have some sort screaming to make room for a speeding official in a to the Vietnamese. This is due partially to the type of find the Ho Chi Minh uail aod gather information oo of a criminal record." The third man I sent lo Fort Bragg large, shiny sedan, pass over an intersection that has Vietnamese that the typical American meets, coupled with traffic, troops, weapons, etc. This wu purely a reconait- wu a "nigger." And i didn't forget that someday he hundreds of horseshoes impressed in the soft asphalt tar. typical'American prejudices. During his working hours, twice intelligence mission, but the possibility of forming might be on my team. Confusion, noise, smells, people — almost overwhctming. Ihe American soldier deals primarily with the Vietnamese guerrilla bases later wu considered. There wu tome talk My first impressions of Vietnam were gained from the My initial assignment was in Saigon as an Area Special­ military. Many (or most) of the higher-ranking officers of going into North Vietnam, but not by Project Delta. window of the jet while flying over Saigon and its outlying ist for III and IV Corps Tactical Zone in the Special attained their status through family position, as a reward Another outfit. Special Operations Group (SOG) wu areas. Ai I looked down I Forces TaciicalOperationsCen- for political assistance, and through wealth. Most of the already doing just that. SOG wu a combln«l force* efl'ort. thought, "Why, thos« could be ler. And my education began ranking civilians attained their positions in the same The ClA, Air Force (US), Navy, Army and detached farms anywhere and that could here. The ofTicers and NCOs manner. They use their offices primarily as a means of Special Forces personnel were all in on the act. be a city anywhere." The ride were unanimous in their con­ adding to their personal wealth. There is hardly any social Project Delu was paid for by Uncle Sam from CIDG from Tan Son Nhut to the tempt of the Vietnamese, rapport between Gl Joe and his Vietnamese counterpart. funds. We had to feed, billet and clothe the Vietnamese. center of town destroyed th« There was a continual put- Most contact between Americans and Vietnamese ci­ Free beer wu supplied and lump sums of money were initial illusion. down of Saigon officials, the vilians is restricted to taxi drivers, laborers, secretaries, agreed on, money to be paid after completion of training My impressions weren't Saigon government, ARVN contractors, and bar girls. All these people have one thing and more to be paid when the teams returned. unique lor a new arrival in (Army Republic of Vielnani), in common: They are dependent on Americans for a living. Here we are in South Vietnam to help these people Saigon. I was appalled by the the LLDB (Luc Luong Dae Bict- The last three have something else in common. In addition "preserve their freedom, etc.," willing to risk our livi* to heat and humidity which made VietnamcseSpccial Forces) and to speaking varying degrees of English, they wilt tell Amer­ that end and here we are paying them lo help themselves. my worsted uniform feel like a the Vietnamese man-in-thc- icans anything they want to hear as long as the money These were men already being paid their regular pay in fur coat. Smells. Exhaust fumes slreet. The government was rolls in. Neither the civilian nor military with whom the the Vietnamese Army and we actually had to pay • bonus from the hundreds of blue and rotten, the officials corrupt, American usually has contact is representative of the each time they went to the field oo training mis^ons or white Renault taxis and military ARVN cowardly, the LLDB all Vietnamese people. made a parachute jump, all of which wu supposed to be vehicles. Human excrement; the three, and the man-in-the-sireet Many of our military, ofheers and enlisted, have ex­ a normal part of their duties. foul, stagnant, black mud and an ignorant thief. (LLDB also ported the color prejudice, referring to Vietnamese as Originally, it wu thought thit the learns would be water as we passed over the qualified under "thief.") "stopei" and "goolcs" — two words of endearment left composed of four Vietnamese and two Americans. Al­ river on Cong Ly Street; and, I was shocked. I was work­ over from Korea. Other fine examples of American though many of the people we were training had natural overriding all the others, Ihe ing with what were probably Democracy in action are the segregated bars. Although aptitudes for the area of operau'ons, strong and effective very pungent and rancid smell tome of the most dedicated there are exceptions, in Saigon, N ha Trang, and Da Nang leadership wu lacking. It was cmphuized constantly to of what I later found out was Americans in Vietnam. They and some of the other larger towns, Negroes do not go the Pentagon and to the ambassador by those intimately nuoe mem, a sauce made much in Ihc same manner M were supposedly in Vietnam lo help "our Vietnamese into white bars except at the risk of being ejected. I have involved in lite training program, that if any degree of nuerkriut, with fish substituted for cabbage. No Viet­ friends" in their fight for a democratic way of life. Ob­ seen more than one incident where a Negro newcomer has success wu to be realized it wu imperative that Amer­ namese meal is complete without it. People — masses of viously, Ihe attitude didn't fit. made a "misuke" and walked into the wrong bar. If icans must accompany the teams. themi The smallest children, with the dirty faces of all It oaurred to me that if Ihc people on "our side" were insulting catcalls weren't enough to make him leave, he When at Ihe last minute we received a firm"N o Oo" for children of their age, standing on the sidewalk unshod and all these things, why were we then supporting them and was thrown out bodily. There are cases where this sort of the United Sute* personnel, we asked, "Why?" The with DO clothing other than a shirtwaist that never quite spending Sl.S million dollars a day in their country? The thing has led to near-riots. answer wu that it wu an election year and it would cauK reached the navel on the protruding belly. Those a tittle answer was always the same: "They are anU-Communists," It is obvious that the Vietnamese resent us as well. Wc great embanastment if Amerians were captured in Lao*. older wearing overalMypc trousers with the crotch team and this was supposed to explain everything. are making many of the tame mistakes that Ihe French Anything of that nature would have lo wait until after the torn out ~ a practical alteration that eliminates the need As I result of this insulation, my initial observations of did, and in some instance* our mistakes are worse. Ar­ election. The reaction to this dedsion on the part of the' for diapers. Young grade school girts in their blue butter­ everyihingandevcryone Vietnamesewerecolored. I almost rogance, disrespea, rudeness, prejudiw, and our own Americans wu one of anger, disappoiotment and disgust. fly sun hats, and boys of the same age with hands out fell into thehabit.or mental laziness, of evaluating Vietnam special brand of ignorance, are not designed lo win friends. The One thing that made it poiaible to accomplish Ihe uying. "OK — Salem," thereby exhausting their English not on the basis of what I saw and heard, but on what I was This resentoKnt run* all Ihe way from stiff politene** to things wt did wu the relationship we had catablitbed with vocabulary. The women in oo dolt of all colon, all told by other biased Americans. When you see something obvious hatred. It i( to common that if a Vietnamese the Vietatmcte. Each man took it upon himself t9 eitab- looking beautiful and graceful. The slim, hipless men, contradictory, there is always a fellow countryman willing working with or for Americans is found to be sincerely lith a friendly rdatiooship with the men 00 the t«aiB*. We

ate the same food, wore the tame clothes, lived in the tame saw nothing and were not fired at. A* for the highway the Vietnamese team leader and 1 crawled forward to tents, shared the tame hardships. We worked more hour* from Tchepone to Muong Nong, one helicopter flew the 'Order say we within 25 meters of the houses. It wu unbelievable- There and carried the ume loads. We made ouiselve* Ihe guinea highway, taking pictures with a hand-held 35mm camera. must go, so we go. they were and still with no perimeter security. Now, how­ pigs in experiments, The pitch wu, "We don't ask you to It wu low enough lo take stratghl-oo shots of people ever, there wu much activity and what seemed like more do anything we won't do ourselves." It worked. We had sundlng in doorways. We will die.'" of them. We inched our way around the house area. This dedicated teams. To many in Vietnam this mission confirmed that the wun'l a company. There vwre at least 300 armed men in After the decision to eliminate Americans from the Ho Chi Minh trail, so called, and the traffic on it, wu front of Us. We had found a battalion, and all in one tight drops, Ihe Vietnamese felt that they had been cheated. grossly exaggerated, and that Ihe Viet Cong were getting spot — unique in itself. We got back to the team, made Petty complaints became rampant; e.g., if we do not get the bulk of their weapons from ARVN-aod by sea. It also for the headquarter* and housing area in the center. our radio contact, and uked if the submitted plan would wool tweaten and better watches we will not go. They wu ooe more piece of evidence that Ihe Viet Cong were When we arrived at a point 100 meters from our deilina- be impltmtmed. We were told, yes, and that we were lo felt ihi* was ooe more example of Americans standing primarily South Vietnamese, not imported troop* from tion, the team leader and I went forward, leaving the move back to the edge of the jungle. There would be a back advising Vietnamese on how'to get killed without the North. One more thing wu added to my growing list* team in a covering position. As we got closer, wc could small delay while coordination wu made to get the troop* risk to themselves. We started getting an increase in of doubts of the "oflicial" stories about Vietnam. hear sounds from the houses, but assumed these were and helicopters. At 1000 hours (10:00 a.m,) plane* of all descriptions started crisscrossing this small area. I con­ A.W.O.LJ. The Americans had lo watch their teams When the project thified to in-country operations only workers. The briefing had neglected to tell us that tacted one plane (there were K ma.iy 1 couldn't tell which board Ihe infiltration aircraft without them. Hands were Amerieattt went on drops throughout the Viet Cong-held the plantation wu supposed to be deserted. Crawling, we one) on the Prick 10 (AN/PRC-IO transmitter-receiver for shaken but with eye* averted. "Good luckt" were laid but area* of South Vietnam. One such trip wu into War stopped about 25 meters from the first line of houses. air-ground communications). I wu told that they were with bent heads. We felt guilty. Zone D north of Dong Xoi, Lilting our heads, we received a rude shock. These weren't rcconning the area for an operation. What stupidity. No We had strongly advised that near the Michelin plantation. plantation workers. These were Viet Cong soldiers, com­ less than 40 overflights in 45 minutes. As usual, we were the teams not be tent until the There is tio such thing u a plete with blue uniforms, webbing, and many with the alerting the Viet Cong of impending action by letting all Americans could go, but to no typical mission. Each one Is new Soviet bloc weapon*. The atmosphere seemed to be the armchair commandos take a look-see. For about 30 avail. diflercnt. But this one revealed one of relaxation. We could even hear a transistor radio minutes all wu quiet, and then we started to notice move­ *ome startling things. Later I playing music. After 30 or *) minutes we drew back to Like everyone, I wu dis­ ment. The Viet Cong were moving out from the center of wu to brief Secretary of De­ the team position. We reported our find lo the TOC and appointed. This wu the one the plantation. Where were the troop*? At 1400 houn fense McNamara and General estimated the number of Viet Cong to be at least one thing, if I had to single one out, Skyraiders showed up and started bombing the center of Westmoreland on the limited company. The whole team then retraced the two kilom­ that made me really start ques­ the (.plantation. Was it possible that the troops had moved military value of the bombing, eters lo the jungle and moved into it. Crawling into the tioning our role in Vietnam, in without our knowing it? TOC wouldn't tell us anything. It suddenly occurred to me that •* witnessed on this mission. thickest part, we settled down just u darkness and the rain closed in on us. The bombing continued throughout the anernoon with the denial of American partic. As usual we went in at dusk never more than a l5-minttle Setup. Now wt had much ^ Underneath ponchos, to prevent light from our fluh- ipaiion was nol based on — this time in a heavy rain company In the jungle with us. Everywhere we turned lights escaping, the Vietnamese team leader and I, after whether it wu right or wrong squall. We moved only a nom­ there were Viet Cong. I had to agree that, in spite of the closely pouring over our maps, drafted a detailed message for us to be going lo Laos, inal distance, perhaps 3(X) me­ rain, it wu a much better place to be than in Ihe housing for T(X:. In the morning we sent ihe message, which gave The primary concern wu the Ss. ters, through the thick, tangled center. Why didn'l we hear our troop* firing? possible embarrassment to growth and stopped. Without map coordinates of a number of small Landing Zones President Johnson during an moonlight we were making too (LZs) around the area. We also gave them a plan for election campaign. Toward thit ^: much noise. It rained all night exploiting our find. It was fairly simple. Make simul­ end we sent people on a mission so we had to wait until first taneous landings at all LZs and have the troops move iNAUY -na KMBiNc ENDED with the daylight, '^'•''^ that had little or no chance of light to move without crashing quickly to Ihe deserted Viet Cong gun positions and man and we crouched in the wet darkness within success. It became apparent S..5; . acouttd. Movingvety cautiously them. At the sight of bombers approaching. Ihe Viet Cong hearing distance of Viet Cong elements. Dark­ that we were not interested In the welfare of Ihe Viet­ for about an hour, we discovered a deserted company head­ would leave the housing area for the jungle. Thit would ness wu our fortress. About 2030 (8:30 p.m.) Fwe heard the drone of a heavy aircraft in Ihe rainy tky. We namese but, rather, in how we could best promote our quarters position, complete with crude tables, stools, and involve them having to travel acros* two kilometer* of own interests. We tent 40 men who had become our sleeping racks. After reporting this by radio, we continued open plantation into prepared position*. We told TOC paid little aliention lo it. Then, without warning, the friends. These were exceptionally dedicated people, all on our way. The area was crisscrossed with well-traveled that we were going to try and get back to the housing whole world lit up, leaving us feeling exposed and naked. volunteers, and their CO showed up drunk at the plane trails under Ihe canopy. A few hours later we reached the area to we could tell them if Ihe Vict Cong were still Two huge flare* were swinging gently lo earth on their lo bid Ihe troops farewell—just all boozed up. Six re­ edge of a large rubber plantation without incident. Keep­ there. If they didn't hear from us on the next scheduled parachutes, one on each tide of us. At about Ihe tame turned, the rest were kilted or captured. ing to the thick growth surrounding the plantation, we contact, they were to assume that we had been hit aod lime, our radio contact plane could be heard above the clouds, I grabbed the radio and demanded to know, "Who At it turned out, the mission found damned little. Most skirted Ihe perimeter. We discovered that it wu eom- hadn't made it. If this occurred It wouM be verification the hell is calling for thote flam aod why?" teams didn't last long enough lo report what, if anything, pletcty surrounded by deserted gun positions and fox of the Viet Cong presence and they were to follow through "Whtinatesl" they uw. The six survivors came completely through the holes, all with beautiful fieldi-of-firc down the even row* with the plan. We would stay in the area and join the "Damn it, find out what fltita and tell whoever it calling areu and observed no troop movements, no concenlra- of rubber trees. None gave evidence of having been oc­ Rangers when they came in. for them that they're putting ut in bad trouble." 1 could tioot of troopt, and little vehicle traffic, day or nigbl- In cupied for at leut three or four dayt. We transmitted this This lime, we were more cautious in our Uip acrott the hear the operator uying to all Ihe TOC I figured that the final tUge*. two of the project helicopter* Bew two information lo Ihe Tactical Operations Center (TOC) and plantation. On Ihe way, we found a gasoline cache of friendly troops in Ihe area had called for the flares to light fflittiottt a day for four dayt, looking for the team*. Tbey then the team proceeded aaoss Ihe plaotalidn, heading 55-gallon drums. We took pictures and proceeded. Again Semper floreK Thuriday July 28 Page N

their perimeter. Crack — crump. I wu lilted from the talk into the mike, he turned to me with a helpless look: I'll is recommended day for humanity. Ahnost 28 hour* of bombing in this ground, only to be slammed down again. I broke in on "They say we must cross plantation to housing area small area with barely a break. the radio. "Forget that transmission. I know why the again." that special assassination On the next afternoon we were loU by radio to quickly flare* ate being dropped." "What? It's Impossible— tell them so." find an LZ and prepare lo leave Ihe area. We knew (^only "Why?" More talk. "They say we must go. They want to talk teams be set up..." one within reasonable distance and headed for it A short "They're being used u marker* for jeU dropping what to you." distance from the LZ we cottU hear voices. Viet Cong sound* like 750.pounders. Tell TOC thanks for the warn­ When the hollow voice came through on the side band. around the t^ening. We were now an equal distance be­ ing. Alto tell (hem two of the markers bracketed our T couldn't believe it — it was the same order. I tokl them not going lo have this team wiped out for nothing. There tween two groups of Ihe Viet Cong. position. I hope lo hell they knew where we are." A long it wu impossible and thai we were not going to go. are no Vict Cong in the village; not tmce 1400 yesterday. Finally they aUowcd Ihe pick-up ship lo come io. Just pause. "You must go. That is an order from way up." The mission wu screwed up when you started the bomb­ u Ihe plane touched down and we ilarted toward it, two "TOC say* they don't know anything about flares or That figures. The Saigon wheels smelling glory have ing without tending in Uoops yesterday. As for the mis­ machine gun potitiont (^)ened up—one from each tide jei bombers." taken over our TOC. "My answer is. Will Not Comply; sion depending on us, you shouM have thought of that of the clearing. The bullet* sounded like gravel bitting Another scrcwup. "Well how about somebody finding I say again. Will Not Comply. Tell those people to slop yesterday before you scrapped Ihe plans and didn't the aluminum skin of Ihe chi>pper. My American assistant out something' and when they find out, how about trying to outguess Ihe man on the ground. If they want bother lo tell us. Over." look one position under fire and I darted firing at Ihe telling us unimportant folks? In the meantime, 1 hope that someone to assets damage on Ihe housing area send a "Where are the Viet Cong now? Over." other. Our backs were to the aircraft and our eye* on Ihe 'gooniebird' (C-47 plane) hu its running lights on." plane with a camera. Better yet, have Ihe Rangers look "Which ones? The ones 25 meters from ut, or Ihe one* jungle. The rest of the team started cUmbing aboard, The "Why?" ^ ; . , >,' ,,. — ,. •I it, there's more of them.". 35 meters from us? They're in the jungle oil around u*. machine gunt were still firing, but we had made them lest "Because any moment now "There are tio other friendly Over." accurate. I wu still firing when two tirong handt picked the pilot is going to find he it "V,--*^'., J .'.'^J*/ troops in the area. You are Ihe " Roger. Understand Viet Cong have left house* — now me up and plumped me on the floor of the plane. Maxi­ dawdling around in a bomb :/ only ones that can do it. You in jungle — have information necessary — you do not mum power and we itill coukln't make Ihe tree* at Ihe run pattern. Come back early must go. There will be a plane have to go across plantation." end of the clearing, but had lo make a half-dide over the in Ihe morning and give me the in your area shortly. Out." This wu unbelievable. On TV it wouU be a comedy — machine guns. All of a tuddeo something slapped me in hot skinny," Up to this point we had as­ a bad one, the buttock, lifting me from (he floor. A buUet had come "Roger — we're leaving — sumed friendly troops were in through the bottom of the plane, through the gu tank out." the areu and that if we got in HoartY AFtsa THIS I^'UFTINO exchange, the bomb­ and the floor. When it rippedthroug h the floor it turned I wu mad, a pretty good sign trouble, maybe wc could hold ers returned, and we spent the remainder of Ihe tideway*. The tlug left an cighl-inch bruite but did not that 1 wu scared. The bombing out until they could help us. I day moving from one Viet Cong group lo an­ penetrate. Through tome miracle, we were on our way continued through the night. &* No iruops. Little wonder the other. We would come upon them, pull back, and to base — all of us. We woukt all get drunk tonight. It Viet Cong are roaming all over Sthen an Al-E (bomber) wouM come whining down, ma. Someiifflcs it was "crump" and ,#.. wu Ihe only way we would tkep without reliving the past sometime* it wu "crack." de- 'i'j the place not caring who hears chine-gunning or dropping bombs. day*. It wouM be at leut Ihree days before anybody pending on how close Ihe them. I discovered that the okl prop fighter bomber* were would unwind. Thai much is typicaL bombs fell. When it finally Soon a plane urrived and i more terrifying than Ihe jets. The jets came in so fut that I had seen the effect of lh« bombing at close range, stopped somelime before dawn, received: "We must know how Ihe man on the ground coukJnt hear them until (he These bombs would land and go for about 15 yards and {realized that it wu a dazzling many Viet Cong are still in the bombs were dropped and they were climbing away. The tear ofl' a lot of foliage from the trees, but that wu it exhibition of flying — worth­ housing area. You must go and props were something else. Fir»l the droning noise while Unless you drop these things in somebody'i hip pocket less—but impressive. The flare look.ltlsimperative.Thcwhole in orbit. Then they would peel off^ and the drone wouW they don't do any good. For 29 hour* they bombed thai ship had to fly so low because success of this mission depends change to a growl, increasing steadily in pitch unlit they area. And it wu rather amusing because, when I came of the cloud cover (hat its on your report. Over." were a screaming whine. Under the jungle canopy, this out, it wu estimated (hat they had kilted about 250 Viet flares were burning out on Ihc ground instead of in the "I say again. Will Not Comply. Over." (Hello court noise grabbed at the heart of every man. And every man Cong in the first day. They asked me how many Viet air. The orbiting jets would then dive down through the martial.) I looked at the Vietnumey: team leader. He was knew that the plane wu pointed directly at him. The Cong did I think they had killed and I said maybe six, and clouds, break through, spot the markers, make split- tense and grim, but silently cheering me on. While waiting crack of the bomb exploding wu almost a relief. Many of i wu giving them the benefit of the doubt al that The these bombs landed 25 lo 35 meter* from where we were second corrections, and release their bombs. However, for the plane I asited him what he was going to do. He bombing had no real military tignificanoe. It would only replied:. lying on the ground. The closest any of us came to being while it was going on, considering what a small error work if aimed at concentrated target* such u villages. became at jet speeds, a small error would wipe us out. "Wc go, we die. Order say we must go, so we go. We hurt wu when a glowing piece of shrapnel lodged in the pack on my back. I couldn't help thinking, "Thete are ShouM this happen, I could see a bad case of "Ceil la will die." OF THE FntsT AXlOW One learn* about un- our plane*. They know where we are. What must it be gutrre" next day at air operations. I couldn't help wonder­ Tell me Vietnamese have no guts. Another transmission coaventiontl warfare is that oo insurgent or like for a woman or chiM to hear that inhuman, impcr- ing alto how "Charlie" was feeling about all this — from the plane: guerriUa movement can endure without the tonal whine directed al them in their open villages? How specifically the ones only 25 or 30 meters away. It didn't "Why won't you comply? Over." support of Ihe people. While doing research they must hate us!" 1 looked around at my team. Other* seem possible, but I wondered if the shrapnel tearing These type questions aren't normally answered. I knew, O were thinking. Each of us died i little that day in the in my job u an Area Specialisl, i found thai, in province through the tree lops was terrifying him as much u us. however, that the poor bastard up there had lo take an [jungle. after province, the Viet Cong guenillu had started u First thing in the morning, my Vietnamese counterpart answer back to the wheels. Well, he got one: "Because we smai. teams. They were now in battalion and regimental made contact on the big radio (HC-I62D). Aflcr some can't. One step out of this jungle and it's all over. I'm At 1130(S:^ p.m.) the lut bomb wu dropped. Agteat strength. Before I left, the Viet Cong could put troop* in

the field in division strength in almost any province. Such cooperating with Saigon, Guerrillu or partisans who I "It's notldemocracy 10 many promises made to him, only to be broken, that growth is not only impossible without popular support, it killed quislings in World War II were made heroes in now be believes nothing from his government actually requim an overwhelming mandate. American movie*. Those who look on the Viet Cong we brought to Vietnam- I have seen the South Vietnamese soldier fight well, and We were stilt being toW, both by our own government killings of these people with horror and use them u jus­ at time* ferociously, but usually only when in a position and the Saigon government, that (he vatt majority of (he tification for our having lo beat them, don't realize that it's anti-communism." where there is no choice. A( those time* he is fighting for people of South Vietnam were oppoted to the Viet Cong. our own military consider such action* good strategy survival. On Ptofecl Delta there were many brave Viet­ When I qtKstioncd thit contradk:tion, I wu aJwayi toM when the tables are reversed. When teaching Special namese. When I knew them well enough to discuss such that the people only helped Ihe Viet Cong through fear. Forces how lo set up guerrilla warfare in an enemy coun­ and desires of the Vietnamese people," wu a lie. If thi* it thing*, I asked them, "Why do you go on these missions Sttppoccdly, the Viet Cong held the peopk in the grip try, killing unpopular officials is poiitted out u one a lie, how many others are there? time and again? You are volunteers. Why do you not qu'K of terror by astaatination and torture. Thit argument wu method of gaining friends among the populace. It j* rec­ I suppose that One of the things that bothered me from and do leu dangerous work?" The answer was always the ilto against doctrine. Spcoal Foioa are Uughl that re- ommended that special assassination teams be set up for the very beginning in Vietnam wu the condemnation of tame: "We are friends. We fight well together. If we quit, tiabk tuppoct can be gained only through fricndthip and this purpose. ARVN u a fighting force: "the Vietnamese are cowardly it will make Ihe project bad." Never, "We are fighting for irutL Hittocy denied the "terror" arxument. The people Iknowacoupleof case* where it wusuggested by Special ... the Vietnamese can't be disciplined... the Vietnamese democracy,.. freedom... IIK people..." or any cause feared and hated the French, and they rote up agaioit Force* officers that Viet Cong prisoners be killed. In one just can't understand tactict end strategy... etc., etc." But The "enemy" he wu fighting had become an abttracb'on. them. It became quite obviout that a tmoority movement case in which I wu involved, we had picked up prisoners I n Ihe Viet Cong are Vietnamese. United Slate* military file* He wu fighting, and fightingwell , to sustain the brother­ could not keep Ubt on a hotfik tatjority. South Vielnan Ihevaltey around An Khe.Wcdido'iwant prisoners butthey in Saigon document ^me and again a Viet Cong company hood of his friends. The project had created a mystique of i* • reitthitiy *maQ oouiitiy, walked into ourhands. We were surrounding (wo or even (hree ARVN companies and individualism and elilencs*. He felt imporunt Trust and dotted with thousand* of tmaU supposed to stty in (he area annihilating them. These tame filet docunvei\t instances faith wu put in him and he returned it io kind. The villates. In this very restricted four more days, and there were of a Viet Cong company, surrounded by ARVN battal­ " Americans didn't condescend to him. The life of every area companies and battaUoot only eight of us and four of ions, mounting a ferocious fight and breaking loose, I American on the team wu dependent on the Vietnamese, of Viet Cong can maneuver aod (hem, and we didn't know what have seen evidence of the Viet Cong attacking machine- and we let them know we were aware of it We found out live under the very note* of (he hell to do with them. You gun positions across open terrain with terrible losses. Thit early that appealing to them on the basis of patriotism wu government troopt; but the can't carry them. Food is lim­ cant be done with undisciplined bandit*. For many yean a waste of lime. They fell that they were nothing more people doni betray ibeae movo- ited, and Ihe way the trans­ now the tactict and itrategy of Ihe Viet Cong have been than tools of the scheming Saigon polilidans. mentt, even thou^ it it a rela- mission went with the base to tuccetsful that mattive fire power and air tupport on lively tirople thing to pat* the ARVN troops and thdr commanden know that if Ihey camp you knew what they our skie it the only thing that hu prevented a Viet Cong don't bother the Viet Cong they vritt be sale from Viet word. On the other hand, gov* wanted you to do — get rid of victory. These are all Viilnamete, What make* the dif­ emment troop movemenu are Cong attack's. 111 never forget what a shock it wu to find '•% Ihem. 1 wouldn't do that, and ference? Major "Charging Charlie" Bcckwilh, the Special •Iway* reported. In an action out that various troop commanders and District Chiefs ^W^^ttai when I got back to operation Force* commander at Pki Me, used the words "dedi­ were actually making personal deals with "the enemy," •gainU the Viet Cong, the only base a major told me, "You cated", "lough", "disciplined", "well-trained", and hope for nirpriie it for the gov- The files in Saigon record instances where government know we almost told you right "brave" lo describe the Viet Cong—and, almost in (he troop* with American advisor* were toU by the Viet Cong eraiiKnt lo move the troopt by over the phone to do them in." same breath, condemned the Vietnamese on our nde. hdicopler*. Even thit it no guar­ fei-^ lo lay down thdr weapons and walk away from the Amer­ t said that I was glad he didn't icans. The troops did just thai and the Viet Cong prom­ antee. General Nguyen Khan, because it would have been em­ T BECAME oevnus that motivation i* the prime factor ises of wfety to the Iroops were honored. while ttiU head of the Saigon barrassing to refuse to do it I in this problem. The Viet CoAg soldier believes in In an effort lo show waning popularity for the Viet government, acknowledged knew goddamn well t wasn't his cause. He bdieves he is fighting for national Cong, great emphasis wu placed on figures of Viet Cong that Viet Cong tympaiWser* going to kin them. In a fight independence. He hu faith in hit kadei*, whose defections. Even if the unlikely possltility of the corrtet- and agnu were everywhere— it's one thing, but with guy* I obvious dedication it probably greater than hit own. Hit ness of these figure*i s accepted, they are worthless when even in the inner coundlt — when he made thettatement: with their hands bound it's another. And I wouUn'l have ofliccrt live in Ihe tame hult aod eat Ihe tame food. Hit compared to ARVN desertions. The admitted desertion "Any operation that lets more than four hours elapse been able lo shoot them beeaux of (he noise. It would government counterpart know* that hi* leaden are in rale and incidents of draft dodging, although deflated, between conoepdon and implemenlalion it doomed to have had lo be a very personal thing, tike sticking a knife their potitiont because of family, money or reward for wu staggering. Usually, only thote caught are reported. failure." He made these remark* in the last day* of hi* into lixm. The major said, "Oh, you wouldn't have had political favors. He knows his oflicen' prirtiaiy concern it Reading OPSUMS (ciperational Summaries) and newt- re^me, right after a personally directed operation north to do it; all you had lodowu give them over lo the Viet- gaioiog wealth and favor.Their capiaint and majort eat in papers white in Vietnam, I repeatedly taw reference* made ot Saigon ended in ditatter. aamese." OT course, thi* i* supposed to absolve you of French rctuuranu and pay u much for ooe meal u tbey to hundreds of ARVN listed u misting after the major any responsibility. This i* the general altitude. It's really To back up Ihe terror Iheoiy, the kiUini of village chleft make in a week. "Hiey tJeep in guarded villu with thdr batiks. The reader it supposed to conchide that these a left-handed morality, Very few of the Special Force* and their families were pointed out to roe. Thote that mittrettet. They find many excuses for not being with hundreds, which by now total thousands, are prisonen of guys had any qualms about this. Damn few. wen; quick to point at these murder* Ignored oerttio fact*. thdr men in battle. They tee the oflkere lie about their the Viet Cong. They arc definitely not lilted as deserter*. Province, district, villtge aod hamlet chiefs arc appointed, Little by litlk, u all these facts made their impact on roles in battle. The soldier knows that he will be cheated If this were true, half of the Viet Cong would be tied down not elected. Too otlta petty ofikialt are not even people me, I had lo accept the fact that, Communitt or^not, the out (^ his pay If possible. He knows equipment be may u guards in POW compounds—which, 6f course, ii from Ihe area but ouuiden being rewarded for political vatt minority of the people were pro-Viet Cong and anti- need it being tdd downtown. His only motivation is the ridiculous. favon- Those that are from the area are thought of u Saigon. 1 had to accept alto that (he podtioo, "We are in knowledge that he it fighting only lo perpetuate a tyitem This lack of eoihutiaim aod rcfaKtaaoe to Join in battle quilling* because they have goise iitioat thdr own by Vietnam because we are in sympathy with the aspiration* that hu kept idm uneducated and in poverty. He hu had wasn't diflicuh to figure. The nuijority of the people are. Semper Floreat Thurstia/ July 28 Page 15

dlher anti-Saigon or pro-Viet Cong, or both, and ARVN How many Americani had such a close look al both tide* In the long run, I don't (hink Vietnam will be better ofl' it drafted from Ihe people. of (he clolh? The more often government troopt patsed I "Anti-communism under Ho's brand of communism. But it's not for me or I wu not unique among my contemporariet in knowing through an area, the more turely it would become tym- is a lousy substitute my government lo decide. That decision is for Ihe Viet­ most of these Ihingt. However, wheiiever anybody quet- patheiic to Ihe Viet Cong. The Viet Cong might ileep in namese. I also know that we have allowed Ihe creation of tipned our being in Vietnam — in light of the fadt* — the the houses, but the government troop* rkntacked them. for democracy." a military monster that will lie lo our elected oflidal*; old rationale wu alwayt presented: "We have lo stop (he More often than not, the Viet Cong helped plant and and that both of them will (ie to the Amerian people. spread of communiim tomewhere ... if we don't fighl harvest the crops; but invariably government troop* in To those people who, while deploring the war and Ihe commiei here, we'll have to fight them at home... if an area razed them. Rape is severely punished among the member that when they were fightingth e French for thdr bombinp, defend it oo the buis that it it Hopping com­ we pull out, the rest of Asia will go Red... these are un­ Viet Cong. It is to common among the ARVN that it is national independence it wu Ihe Americans who helped munism, remember Ihe words of (he Vietnamese pilot, "I educated people who have been duped; they don't under- seldom reported for fear of even worse atrocities. Ihe French. It'i the American anti-Communist bomb* think maybe today we make many Viet Cong." The Nazi Hand thedlferencc between democracy and communism..." that kill their children. It's American anti

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With State players including Hits for Uni. were by: Cotterell' aussie rules boxing two Olympians — John McBryde baseball Jennison 3; Kelly, Mengel, The club recently celebrated its and Don McWatters — do not be On Sunday, July lOth, Varsity Watt 2; Broadfoot 1. 11th Anniversary with a Dinner The tournament held by Uni, surprised if Uni. manage to make A grade handed out to the '65 Best Players: Jennison, Cotterell, Dance at the Chinese Club, Club on July 16th proved quite a these elusive final four "semi- premiers, All Stars, one of the Broadfoot. Auchenflower. The matches success. In one of the two main finalists. With the inclusion of worst hidings they have received played that day set the mood for matches, David Merson, Queens­ Nick Calder in the forwards, for a long time. The game was rugby union the evening. Uni. (1) defeated top land's Light Middleweight Cham­ University are running much spectacular and worth watching side Sandgate at the 'Gabba by pion defeated Joe Shields, who is in spite of the runaway score. Uni. is doing well in fixtures — more smoothly and Ian McBryde the A team is leading the com­ 2 goals in a rugged game. Uni. (1) the current Middleweight Cham­ and Clive Leinster seem to have In the relative performances of now lie equal second on the pion, on points over six rounds. the pitchers can be found the petition. After the first game of much more drive in their attack. the third round we head the field premiership table and threaten to Neil Brown and Ray Bowden reason for Uni's success. For the dislodge Sandgate from the No. 1 Merson fought well and won maroons Allan Jennison pitched by 4 points. convincingly, although he has have been turning in their usual Uni. showed typical form in position. consistent game to give good in his true form and conceded Uni. (2) scored a crushing been known to fight better. Men­ only four safe hits. All Stars, beating Easts 17-6 and Wests 22-3 tion must be made of Shields in service to speedy wingers Graham recently. Those playing well victory over Wests (2) at St. Turner and Bruce McBryde. however had their problems. Lucia, winning the match 20 that he is improving with every No. I pitcher Jorman started off include Dave Taylor, Normie goals 26 behinds to 1 goal and fight. The top team is at present run­ after having pitched for Brisbane Mayne, Jules Guerassimoff and boosting their average from 84% ning fifth — only a point or two the day before, but a strong bat­ Russ Manning. In the fight between Doug away from third and fourth Guess most of us know about to 107%, Uni. (2) now lie in 3rd Hargreaves and Allan Gilchrist ting rally by the Uni. soon saw position and should stay there teams. It can be hoped that they Wayne Reed on the mound with Ric Trivett and his Achilles ten­ Hargreaves gained a fairly strong will beat most of the top teams in don which was torn a few weeks until the finals in 5 weeks time. points victory over 6 rounds. the score at 9-nil. The score went Good to see some "old timers" the coming round. The second to 14-nil with only four innings back. Ric's doing a great hobble team shows promise now that it around campus on the squeakiest up from as far away as Melbourne In other bouts Trevor Wilkins gone. But from that point on­ for the Dinner Dance. Fellows is maintaining a safe margin of wards the game was scoreless and bloody pair of crutches you could lost narrowly on points, Mike wins. Jim Stains, Don Yale and hope to hear and he hopes to be like Tom Moran, Julian Smithers Drum had a good points win and some very fine baseball by both and Bill Burns, who were active Bala are showing outstanding teams provided plenty of specta­ back in action before the end of Peter McDonnell won his from an form in this grade and should the season. members of the Club not such a Inala man on a disqualification. tor enjoyment. One notable fea­ long time ago. Pleased to see develop into premiership side. ture of the game was the batting them lending support at both A3 side, together with the BI and of Cotterell, Jennison, Watt and Nominations for Uni. Boxing B2 teams are not disgracing basketball matches on Saturday. Titles close with Sports Union Mengel, all of whom have been At last news has filtered themselves, yet they will certainly sadly out of form. Doug, The Interfaculty Australian Ofiice on Monday, August 1st. need to "buck up" if they have through from Toowoomba to Rules Competition has been in This will be. the basis of selection Broadfoot in a comeback after an confirm arrangements for the intentions of making the semi­ ankle injury played well, but first progress over the early part ofthe for the team to go to Inter­ finals. The A4 seems the only club to go up and play. Games term and the Grand Final be­ varsity in Sydney. The Titles will baseman John Ward is back on have been arranged for Saturday, team to be really on top — little the injured list. Mention must be tween Vet. Science and Engineer­ be held in the George St. Gym­ wonder with the experience of its July 30th, and will be played on ing on Wednesday, 27th, prom­ nasium on Thursday, August 4th, made of the airtight defence of the indoor courts at the "Indoor players. Lou Hailey, the former Varsity, the only error being a ises to be a thriller. at 6 p.m. Rome Olympian, is still playing Bowls Hall". There will be 3 dropped 3rd strike. Intervarsity is games — C Gr. at 6.30 p.m.; well in the Goal. R. Cormie, just a few weeks away and the M. Meaney and R. Stringer have B Gr. at 7.30 p.m.; A Gr. at performances of the higher 8.30 p.m. This is a great oppor­ alt represented Queensland Uni­ ranked players and the return of versity in the past. It is a wonder­ tunity for club members to gain Broadfoot must give U.Q. some extra experience against teams ful achievement for this A4 side to chance down south. keep together for so long (about with a different style of play. This , ten years) and still come up and The win over All Stars was per­ especially applies to members of look as if they will win another haps too easy. It is to be hoped the lower grades. We will be premiership. that it does not promote a blind playing either Toowoomba or self-confidence and result in a South Queensland representative The Inter-Faculty Hockey re­ return to donkey-statiis. teams. All those wishing to make sulted in a three-way tie between Game details: the trip are asked to attend Ag. Science, Science and Engin­ Varsity: 360 500 000 14 training next Saturday or to eering. A play-off between these Ail Stars: 000 000 000 0 contact R. Whitson (36 2263) — teams will be required to find the Hits: Uni. 13 All Stars 4 especially those with available outright winners. Errors: Uni. 1 All Stars 5 transport. Against Easts, University, led by Olympian Don McWatters, completely outclassed their oppo­ inter-faculty sition and defeated them 4-2. The following Inter-faculty progress points are provisional only and Feature ofthe match was the goal are subject to the ratification of the Inter-faculty convenors in the hitting of Don —he hit three sports concerned. splendid goals from four corners. Ath­ Swim- Table Wt. Varsity within the next few letics Judo Rifle ming Tennis Lifting Total weeks will be losing some of their Ag. Science 1 1 1 3 top players to Australian Sides Architecture 1 11-8 1 13-8 and also to the Combined Aus­ Arts 1 1 1 3 tralian Universities side which Commerce I 1 1 4-6 9-4 17 tours New Zealand in two weeks. •Dentistry 5-8 1 1 13 20-8 With John McBryde withdrawing Education 1 1 2 from this side, due to Australian Engineering 1 8-2 4-6 I 3-8 5-8 24-4 commitments, it seems as if Law 1 1 1 1 4 another Queenslander, Neil Medicine 14-2 3-4 19 19 1 5-8 62-4 Brown, will replace him. Neil, a Pharmacy 1 1 1 3 versatile player, can acquit him­ Science 1 13 11-8 15 1 41-8 direction of their coach. Bill self to either forward or half Vet. Science 23 1 1 gymnastics Mutton. i 1 27 Big news in this world is the positions. His outstanding form inter-varsity selection, to be held hocliey in club matches has earned him two ofthe $15,000 Lakeside Gold Each of the seven touring car on the night of Friday, Aug. 5th, A brighter aspect perhaps- is the position in the side. He joins Medal Sedan Car series. events should start with a full in the Physical Education Build­ University's recent run of wins by other Queenslanders, Ian Geoghegan in a Mustang, grid of 20 cars. The meeting will ing. I/V this year is in Sydney the first team. Varsity forwards McBryde, Graham Turner and Beechey in a Chevy Nova II, also feature the first race in during the August vac. Certain­ are starting to show form, and Clive Leinster who will carry the Thomson in the ex-Beechey Mus­ Queensland for Formula Vee ties for the team are Roger Walsh have been combining very well Australian Colours abroad. tang, Foley and Manton in 1310 racing cars (open wheelers based who is the current Queensland since their success at Inter- Cooper S% and Jane and on standard Volkswagen 1200 Trampoline Champion, and Bob Varsity in Adelaide. The expected McKeown in Lotus Cortinas are motor, suspension and trans­ Downs who filled second place in exodus of top players later in the lakeside the big ones to watch. About 60 mission). A team of fiveFormul a the Queensland Gymnastics month to Australian teams and sedans will compete in the seven Vee drivers will come up from Championships, touring sides, can be expected to Australia's top touring car events for touring cars. The other Sydney to compete in a special On the women's side — stand­ undermine University's chances drivers will gather at Lakeside on five events will cater for sports eight-lap race. The first race is at ards are improving under the able of making the top four. August 7th to battle out round cars and ppen-wheelers. 11.30 a.m. and admission is S2.00. Semper Fforeat Thursday jufy 28 Page 17

Think of typing — think of City Typingl N.U.A.U.S. POSITIONS Dear Friend, STUDENT TYPING Elections pending: This chain letter is name to the bottom of the list. & DUPLICATING (a) One vacancy on the Union's starteu by a man not unlike Wheri your name comes to the PRIMITIVE TRIBES • Pick up & deliver service delegation to NUAUS August myself, it Is hoped that it top of the list, you will have Council. Election will be at next will bring relief and happiness received 17,747 women, and REVISITED • Duplicating by Multilith Union Council Meeting, 3rd or to bored and tired men. Unlike some of them are bound to be; Last week's letters to the • IBM stereo typefues 4th of August. most chain letters, this one a hell of an imprpvement on editor revealed one par­ (b) I. Publications Ofiicer: super­ does not cost you a penny, the one you have now. ticularly interesting outlook vise and co-ordinate the pub­ simply send a copy of this on life. The signature read CinTYPIMG:257l9 Have faith and do not lications program of NUAUS. letter to five of your friends "Intrigued." So was \. 154 Charlotte St. break the chain. One man did, 2. National Aid Exhibitions who are equally tired and. So much trouble over bored, then bundle up your and he got his wife back. one h'ttie word in -phrenia's UNI. BRANCH Director. 3. National Art Exhibitions wife and send her to the man Yours faithfully, column ~ "monthlies". I After Hour* Collection: Director. v/hose name appears to the John Profumo Lbrd Astor admit that -phrenia had no 255 Carmody Rd. 71 1385 Elections for I, 2, and 3 will be top of the list, and add your Rock Hudson Richard Burton real need to use it, but I am held at NUAUS Council in glad now that she did. WE TRY HARDER Albert Steptoe Melbourne. I don't think menstrua­ P.S. At the time of writing this tion is a dirty word. It's a a friend of mine had received purely biological process. 357 women, and they buried All women go through it. him yesterday. I Understand Doctors know about it, that it took five undertakers chemists know about it, all 36 hours to get the smile off girls know about it, and ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY eventually all men know about it. Why bury the ^m whole issue under a pile of Victorian gentility? It's ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY just ordinary everyday re­ ality. Intrigued called it sacred. WHY? She or he also called the mention of it "revolting & humiliating." You can't wish or dream it away. Graduates and Teachers GRADUATES AND I ask you — would "even invited to serve as the most seasoned harlot" UNDERGRADUATES find the word "monthlies" embarrassing? Let's come INSTRUCTOR are invited to consider down off cloud nine, people. I stopped blushing REWARDING CAREERS or feeling self-conscious OFFICERS as about it when I was 12. I don't consider myself to be QUALIFICATIONS any tougher than a "sea­ (a) Graduates in Science, or in any other faculty with a COMMISSIONED soned harlot". inajor in mathematics or physics, preference being Let's face it, girls, every­ given to qualified teachers, body knows about it. And or OFFICERS chins up, you've only got (b) Graduates in any faculty with majors in English, 30 more years of it. You'll History or Geography. in the probably end up spending (c) Qualified teachers with passes in Mathematics or 9^ years of your life, give Physics to First Year University standard. ROYAL AUSTRALIAN NAVY or take a year, having (d) Be under 30 years of age on entry. periods. It takes a lot of Permanent and Short Service Commissions CONDITIONS OF SERVICE pretending to ignore that. are offered each year to Graduates and Primitive tribes used to Graduates will be offered permanent commissions or, if Undergraduates in the following faculties:— send menstruating women they prefer, short service commissions of ten years. Non- MECHANICAL ENGINEERING off into the scrub because graduate teachers will be offered short service commissions AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING they considered them un-" of ten years. Short service commission officers may h". ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING clean. Or something.! had offered permanent commissions on completion of a suitab'" MEDICINE hoped times had changed degree. DENTISTRY somewhat since then. Applicants under the age of 23i years, if successful, will LAW (Graduates only) be entered as probationary Sub-Lieutenants and promoted ARTS (Graduates only) COMMERCE (Graduates only) MORE INTERESTING Lieutenant at 23^^ years. Applicants over the a%e of 23 i ECONOMICS (Graduates only) OUTLOOKS will be entered as probationary Lieutenants. Promotion BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION Was interested to see to Lieutenant Commander is made on attaining 8 years (Graduates only) that Farrago is up on an seniority as Lieutenant. Graduates, however, will be pro­ obscenity charge — pre­ moted to Lieutenant Commander at the age of 3U years SALARIES sumably because it printed or after 5 years' service, whichever is the later. Midshipmen (undergraduate) $1,340 an up-to-date survey of Promotions to Instructor Commander and Instructor Cap­ Acting Sub-Lieutenant contraceptives. Why ob­ tain are made by selection to fill vacancies. (undergraduate) $1,507 scene? It is unlikely to en­ Sub-Lieutenant (undergraduate) .... $2,008 SALARIES courage those who don't (Unmarried officers with accommodation provided) (Unmarried Officers with accommodation and won't and it might Instructor Sub-Lieutenant $2821 provided) make it safer for those who Instructor Lieutenant $3438-4862 Sub-Lieutenant (E) or (L) .. $2,821-$3,438 woo and do. Society won't Instructor Lieutenant Commander $5351-6263 Surgeon Lieutenant (Qualified) $5,113-$6,39l change its attitude on il­ Instructor Commander $6566-7114 Lieutenant (E) or (L) $3,438.$4,682 legitimacy. It can't cut out Lieutenant-Commander the cause. At least it can Instructor Captain $7420-7968 (E) or (L) $5,3S1.$6,263 Married officers are paid additional allowances of $602 per annum. countenance the control. Surgeon Lieutenant- No more dead babies in DUTIES Commander $6,698-$7,610 vacant allotments. Instruction of officers and sailors in academic subjects and Commander (E) or (L) $6,566-$7,n4 in a wide range of subjects generally associated with tech­ Surgeon Commander $8,278>$8,643 Gasser nical training. Opportunity is given to selected Officers to Captain (E) or (L) $7,420-$7,968 Surgeon Captain $9,589 specialise in such subjects as electronics and navigation or to become practising meteorologists. Married Officers are paid addiiionat allowances of $602 per annum. Full details and application forms are Applicants must be Australian Citizens or British IAN ELCOCK Subjects ordinarily resident in Australia. available from Age limits and full details of conditions of ser­ OPTOMETRIST vice and special gratuities in addition to the Commander R. 0. Brasch, R.A.N., above salaries may be obtained by contacting your Optical Prescription Dispenser Navy Office, University Appointments Board or writing to: Commander R. O. Brascb, R,A.N. Navy Office, Old Town Hall Arcade Canberra, A.C.T. Canberra, A.C.T., stating your age, faculty and whether mterested in a permanent or short ser- Queen Street 2 6067 vice commission. >SOSCCO{ Olrrcior General oj Reerutllnif, Depl. ol Dtltnre, NI09.n3.66 Dtrtctor Central ol Recrulllitg, Depl. of DtlenceN03.l02.7 i Semper Floreat Thursday July 28 Page 18 Essentially, the basis of present ; - from London; and it has the British policy east of Suez is still you doii*t need capacity to pay its full share of the same as was suggested sixteen the costs of maintaining a British years ago by General de Gaulle, base here. All that seems to be when he assigned the roles of pre­ any enemies! lacking is any really conclusive HONOURS dominant power to France in reason why it should actually Europe, the United States in the do so. Pacific and the United Kingdom There is indeed no doubt that a DEGREE in what he called the East. His British base in Australia would meaning was simply that these directly contribute to the defence were the appropriate areas in of this country, which British which the respective countries CADETSHIPS < bases in Singapore or Malaysia could operate as major powers, have quite literally never done. since there would be nobody else On the other hand, it is clear that there capable of seriously chal­ u the British force actually stationed Commencing in 1967, for undergraduates who will have completed lenging their claims. at the end of 1966, at least two years of a proposed Honours here would be considerably small­ er than the 55,000 deployed in Degree, preferably in — There were evident difficulties < about the General's division of Malaysia to oppose confronta­ power spheres, even in 1950. a tion. It would therefore only ECONOMICS COMMERCE Perhaps the chief one was that the supplement the defence support STATISTICS ^^ MATHEMATICS United States could obviously we would expect from the United play a predominant power role States — and which our participa­ almost anywhere it chose, while it tion in Vietnam is obviously intended to guarantee. More­ Cadeiships ofier: was by no means clear that France could hope to do so even over, the fact is simply that Australia itself cannot be • Full time study at an Australian University on full salary in Western Europe. However, he was spectacularly correct in sug­ threatened except by Indonesia, pi which has obviously no intention • Immediate advancement on completion of course to Research gesting both that the East was indeed the only area where the 0 of doing anything of the kind. Officer Grade I ($3270-$4220) on a minimum commencing British could continue seriously Capitalising on this goodwill that salary oi' S3270 p.a. for males (female rate $2868 p.a.), in the to present themselves as a world Indonesia has retained for this Bureau of Census and Statistics, Canberra. power, and that the chief difficulty country is undoubtedly the most with this arrangement was that British claim to a world horizon, important single task Australian • Prospects of rapid promotion to Research Officer, Grade II the Americans were there already. and they were hardly in the same diplomacy has ever had to deal ($422O-$4820) Senior Research Officer, Grade I (S4970-$5370) league. with. However, it is precisely the and higher executive positions. It was of course true that the British involvement and con­ east had always been a traditional This argument may well not be sequently our own in support of British sphere of interest and in­ entirely convincing. It is still the Malaysia, which has placed the • Careers in economic and statistical research and the planning most serious claim that the and control of large scale statistical operations. fluence. British diplomacy had greatest strain on Australiaii- been preoccupied for nearly one British can present for special Indonesian relations, and this consideration in the councils of • Opportunity in developing specialist fields, including Social hundred and fifty years with the element of strain would be exacer­ security ofthe Indian Empire, the the Powers. From this point of bated, even though probably not Accounting, Sample Surveys and Automatic Data Processing. exploitation of the Chinese mar­ view, the confrontation of the seriously, by the establishment of ket and later with the need to Malaysian Federation by Indo­ a British military Base here — as • Opening for post graduate specialisation and study towards maintain trading links with Aus­ nesia worked positively to the does not happen in the case of higher degrees. tralia and New Zealand as major advantage of the United King­ American Bases. suppliers of cheap foodstuffs and dom — as it can hardly be said to raw materials for British industry. have done for anybody else. It is of course conceivable that Further information and application forms available fromThes e preoccupations were seen Confrontation provided the per­ Australia might sometime be in diplomatic manoeuvres like the fect opportunity for a demonstra­ directly threatened by an Indo­ tion of British power in a THE COMMONWEALTH STATISTICIAN Alliance with Japan, the sub­ nesia aligned with Peking. In this sequent Entente with Tsarist strategically important area. Even case only British assistance would CANBERRA, A.C.T. Russia, and the support for the "transformation" in Indo­ undoubtedly be welcomed. How­ American occupation of the Phil- nesia and the consequent peace ever, such an alignment is not lippines, as a means of involving talks with Malaysia have not en­ only out of the question at the Applications close on 4th August, 1966 that country in Asian affairs. tirely destroyed its argument for moment, but could scarcely come Apart from that, British interest continued British presence in the about at all, practically speaking, in the East was self-evident in the Pacific. Tun Abdual Razak may so long as the Americans control sheer mass of population and area say that the British have to go, the lines of communications be­ under British rule, as well as in but Mr. Lee of Singapore obvi­ tween China and the countries of the structure of military and naval ously wants them to stay "until the south Pacific, which they can bases, centring on Singapore. he can feel secure without them" do effectively from their own However, this interest became — which could quite reasonaljly bases north of Australia. As harder to justify with the destruc­ mean forever. The only difficulty against this, Mr. Wilson argues tion of British power in South- is that Mr. Lee also wants to put that the British presence is needed East Asia and the Indian Ocean the rent up in Singapore. to exert a moderating influence by Japan in 1942, and the aban­ between the Americans and the donment of British imperial au­ This of course touches on one ofthe main determining factors of Chinese. However, it can only be thority on the Asian mainland said that the only real progress in after 1945. By the sixties, British current British policy. The abso­ lute need to give at least the this line seems to have been presence in the Pacific consisted appearance of grappling with achieved by the Canadians, and primarily in the restored Singa­ Britain's enduring balance-of- that it would certainly seem that pore base and the obvious readi­ payments diflBculties without re­ Mr. Holt and Mr. Hasluck at INSURANCE BY ness of Australia and New Zea­ ducing the standard of living of least, can have no conception of land to identify their own interests the British voter naturally com­ any need to moderate American with a virtually unquestioning pels the Wilson Government to policy, which Mr. Hasluck at any THE MILLION support of British foreign policy. Well known to many at the University, particularly those find ways of reducing British rate has so far managed to keep In the Agricultural Science faculty, is Robin J. j. Brennan defence costs overseas. On the ahead of rather than merely (above) receiving the AMP Society's gold Millionaire Club However, the need to preserve support. the appearance of British world other hand, the prospect of badge from his agency supervisor, Mr. T. E. J. Roberts. eventually having to bargain for Club status followed Robin's recent completion of power was positively increased by Put simply, we have paid and Introducing more than $2 million of new life assurance the disappearance of the material entry to the European Economic business since joining the AMP Society In 1953. Coinmunity also argues for re­ are continuing to pay in the most Robin's university activities embrace not only his resources on which that power taining Britain's remaining claims convincing manner for the shield Insurance programme counselling but the University had been based. The reduction to world power status as far as of American protection against Regiment in w^hich he holds the rank of Warrant Officer. of the United Kingdom to the possible. In other words, there is any possible danger striking at us Contact — status of second and probably every reason for the British to from Peking through Indonesia. third power in Western Europe, stay on in the Pacific if they can There seems no real reason to i)ay ROBIN J. J. BREMM judged in terms of material manage to do so at a reasonably financially as well for British capacity, meant that British claims reduced cost to themselves. This protection which would not sig­ A.M.P. BUILDING to world power significance, and nificantly strengthen our military QUEEN STREET, BRISBANE would seem to be where Australia hence to a peculiarly influential comes in. This country has in position and could well confuse Home phone: 59 6293 voice in the Atlantic Alliance, fact every quality to commend our diplomatic relations with Business: 31 tMSI and 69 6015 depended absolutely upon the itself to the British as a base from both Washington and Jakarta. It continuing geographical fact of which to deploy their military might once have been possible to British involvement outside put up a case for having either the Europe. The Germans and French presence in the Pacific* It is as Student typing safe as anybody can generally British or the Americans as close latest style lounge and dinner suiis; might be richer and even stronger, allies in the Pacific. The fact is but their interests were essentially expect to be from external threat tails: accessories reasonable rate or internal subversion; its leaders that we have got one of them ANNA-MARIE'S i)"

AHA! Semper's criticism of Miss Uni has been proved right — again. Should hear all the griping that's going on amongst those feline femmes. Something about if you weren't in Brisbane's recognized social swim you didn't have a chance — and some dad­ dies can throw more lucrative parties than others — so there's your Miss W.U.S. title in the bag.

THE computers didn't come up with a way to combat the in­ OH VUElt... ONCe MOUE ITS (ME TOO t fH IVIVO Hi YEAH... LETS NAVE A Sl£EP 600b IDeA...HBY WB KLUG- compatible licensing squad. They WTO THe (YAm) (smcH' «o FOR DRAWING DOeSBOPY^ -•• TWe/V, AFTEH THAT MAYBE tSO)l tS UM-OCKeb.... I'U JOSf turned up en masse to catch a I PEEL 0l00Ay CROOK TONtr£,.. PfiSS THE QOTTte! couple of under 2rs drinking WE'LL... tyM...2'-zzzz.... ffwyr THE ante BAs-TZZZ weak shandies — I wonder where the "ether man" and the "norlh- 3ide nudist" were — maybe the stoolies warned them that unfair competition isn't exactly cricket, hey.

THIS has been A.A. Week — no you mugs, Anti-Authority. It all started in a quiet little parish house of worship last Sunday at evening mass — you know how it's an offence to break up a religious ceremony — well this bloke in the congregation stood "ASH Nor WHAT YWR up and said "What about the UNION CAN Oo FOR 1tU..m Pope" —but I mean, how else TNBYRE EyHAUSTBO / " could the secret service boys take this: simply as a subversive plot PBR(0Ol...(FmRE THIKTONel) of a Uni front organisation. The parson was a little upset that the infi^libility bit was questioned — but pleased to say order has been restored altho' a peace-keeping Deadline for next Semper is foKe has been iostalled lest these September 5. Hand copy to revisionists try anything else . .. Semper OflRce, Union Building. Amen.