Table 2.-Social welfare expenditures Employers, Workers, and ployed, with wages taxable under old- under civilian public programs in age and survivors insurance is esti- relation to gross national product, Wages, October 1952- ~;;.v!~F 1949-50, 195051, and mated at 43 million- 2.9 percent higher than in the fourth quarter of - During October-December 1952 the 1951 but 7.5 percent lower than in the Social welfare expenditures number of workers in covered em- third quarter of 1952. Their taxable as percent of gross ployment, not including the self-em- wages, estimated at $24 billion, in- Program notional product Estimated number of employers1 and workers and estimated amount of wages in employment covered under old-age and survivors insurance, for specified Total. ______.- periods, l94O-532 --~ [Corrected to Aug. 24,1953) Veterans’programs~.. ._ - - AU others.. _. .---_--. ._ 2: 1.85.9 2.46.3 Social insurance- __ ._ 1.7 1.5 1.7 AU Public aid.. ______Taxable weges * workers In Health and medicali: :k! .8 :i Emplo ers I - covered Education.- __ _ _ ._ 2.6 2:: 2.7 report f n*g empioy- Other-. __. ______..- .2 .2 .2 Ye** and quartar “y$J ment Total hverage during Total Lvemge - thousands) per “‘;;;d ’ t r&k: , worker nlhkls~ wo?&r .hOUS~dS) 1 have been revised on the basis of _- -- more recent data or estimates than 1940------_ -_-______----_-_- 2,500 35,393 $932 35,393 ‘f ;I; 1941------______-___-____ 2,646 40,976 2 E 1,021 40,976 %E were available at the time the his- 1942------_____-__-_------2,655 46,363 52:939 1,142 46,363 58:219 1943------_-_-___--_------_ 2,394 47,656 62,423 1,310 47,656 69,653 ::iE torical series for the years 1936-3’7 1944------_ _-___--__-_--- __- 2,469 46,286 61,426 1,392 46,296 ;f, y$ through 1950-51, presented in the 1945-_----_ -_- ______- __- - - - 2,614 46.392 62,945 1,357 46.392 :%i 1946--_---_-__-_-_-_--_-____ 3,017 48,845 69,088 1,414 48,845 79:260 1:623 issue of the BULLETIN, 1947__----_ -___-__-______-- 3,246 48.908 78,372 1,602 48,908 92,449 1,890 1948---_--- __-_-_-____---_ _- 3,298 49,018 84,122 1,716 49,018 102,255 2,086 was prepared. The changes that are 1949-______--___------3,316 46.786 81,808 1,748 46,796 99,989 2,137 large enough to be significant for the 1’950I------3,340 48,100 87,498 1,819 48.100 109.804 2.285 1951‘ ______4,440 54,ml 110,910 2,031 54,600 133,800 2.451 analyses of trends occur in the data 19520 ______.___ 4,430 56,000 118,700 2,120 56,000 144,000 2,587 on expenditures from State and local 1946 JBllU2Uy-MWh ------2,287 36,038 16,840 467 funds. There is a considerable time A pril-June -----_-_____--___ 2,416 38,055 17,845 469 3% lag in the availability of reported July-September ______2 “6;; 39,670 17,709 446 40:223 data for programs not supported by October-December______37,945 16,694 440 39,930 1947 Federal grants-in-aid, and some of Jsnuery-March ______2,509 38,765 20,805 38,765 21,497 555 the estimates, particularly those re- April-June ______2,587 39,801 20,655 iii 40,175 22,245 July-September ______2,617 40,255 19,555 486 41,155 23,035 % lating to local government expendi- October-Docamber____ -___ 2,609 37,448 17,357 463 40,748 25,672 630 tures, are rough and subject to fur- 1948 ther change as new data become January-Mar& ______2,588 39,560 23,080 39,560 23,923 April-June------..------2,690 40,245 22,708 E 40,524 24,688 available. The revised figures in table July-September ______2,699 40,585 21,150 521 41,675 25,700 f F 1 can be compared with those for October-December______2,661 36,790 17,184 467 41,540 27,964 673 earlier years without significant dis- 1949 January-March ______2,639 g, :g 23,376 613 38,162 24.254 tortion of trends for all programs ex- April-June ______2,693 22,571 38,864 24,570 JdIy-September ______2,697 38::33 20,160 2 39,601 24,971 cept education. The figures in table October-December______2,692 34,529 15,701 455 39,477 20,184 1 on State and local expenditures for 1850 education incorporate a revised esti- Jammry-March 6.______2,671 37,400 23,490/ 628 37,400 24,316 April-June 6______2,766 39,200 24,052 614 39,500 26,210 E mate of school construction expendi- July-September 6______2,768 40,400 22,382 554 41,800 674 tures. The comparable revised figure October-December 5______2,741 36,200 17,574 485 41,700 z$: 746 for State and local expenditures for 1951 January-March ‘ ______3,552 43,600 692 43,600 30,900 education in the fiscal years 1943-44 April-June 4______3,630 45,200 675 45,500 32,9OC JuIy+eptember 0______3,609 45,500 608 46,500 through 1948-49 are as follows: October-December 0______3,616 41,800 540 46,500 $?J2 1952 Amount January-March ‘ ______3,580 45,000 33,20(I 738 45,000 g, m& 756 Year (in millions) April-June a--- ______3,650 46,000 32,50( 707 46,500 July-September 0______3,630 46,500 29,00(I 624 47,500 36:OO( EJ 194344 ...... $a,sIr.a October-December a----- 3,580 43,000 24,00(1 558 48,000 39,ON 194445 ...... 3,280.O ...... 1953 1946-W ...... 3.654.2 January-March 6______3,600 48,000 37,00(1 771 48,000 792 1946-47 ...... 4836.6 L 1947-48 ...... 5,424.B ...... Quar- 194849 ...... 6,288.l 1 Number corresponds to number of employer re- for 1946see the Bulletin, August 1947,p. 30...... turns. A mtum may relate to more than I rstablish- terly data for other years were in the February 1848 ment if employer operates severe1separate estsblish- and January 1953issues. ments but reports for concern as a whole. 6 Preliminary. For earlier years the differences be- ZData exclude joint coverage under the railroad 6 Preliminary; includes data for new coverage tween the revised estimates and those retirement and old-age and survivors insurance under the 1950amendments, except for selfemployed programs. persons and their earnings. In 1951an estimated 58 published in the February 1953 BUL- : For quarterly and annual data ior 1937-39see the million persons, including the self-employed, had Bdetln, February 1947,p. 31. Quarterly data for taxable earnings of $120.1billion, or $2,071per person LETIN are negligible. other years were in the August 1947,February 194% with taxable earnings; for 1952,the corresponding and .53issues. figures were 60 million, $128.0blllion, and $2,133. 4 For a description of the series and quarterly data

Bulletin, 15 creased 6.4 percent from the total for self-employment covered by the pro- one to And out the average amount of October-December 1951 but declined gram amounting to $9.3 billion for money payments by referring to table 17.2 percent from that for the third 1952. 15 or to the specific program table. quarter of 1952.The increases resulted The estimated number of employers Tables 14 and 15 now carry totals for from the growth in economic activity; paying taxable wages was about 3.6 all States combined. the declines followed the seasonal pat- million in each quarter from the be- Table 22, showing data for general tern observed in past years and re- ginning of 1952 through January- assistance, will continue to exclude sulted from the operation of the limi- March 1953. For the calendar year cases receiving only vendor pay- tation on taxable wages. 1952, the total number of employers ments for medical care and the The number of employees with tax- is estimated at 4.4 million, approxi- amount of such payments. Because able wages in January-March 1953 mately the same as in 1951. of differing policies among States re- (estimated at 48 million) and their garding the use of general assistance taxable wages (estimated at $37 bil- funds to pay medical bills for recipi- lion) increased seasonally 11.6 per- Revision of Public ents of the special types of assistance, cent and 54.0 percent, respectively, it seems inadvisable to change the from the total for the preceding quar- Assistance Tables base of the published data for the ter. Increases of 6.7 percent and 11.4 Effective with data for , general assistance program. percent from January-March 1952 which appear in this issue of the Data in tables showing trends in were the result of over-all gains in BULLETIN, the tables presenting in- cases and payments (tables 11 and 12 employment and wage rates. formation on public assistance cases in this issue) reflect the above The expansion of economic activity and payments have been revised. In changes. For the special types of is also evident in the number of em- the past, the basic tables for all pro- public assistance the series has been ployees and amount of wages paid in grams have excluded vendor pay- revised back to -the covered employment in the fourth ments for medical care and cases re- first month in which the Federal quarter of 1952 and the first quarter ceiving only such payments. Government could contribute to ven- of 1953. In October-December 1952, The revised tabulations for old-age dor payments-and the continuous an estimated 48 million employees, assistance, aid to the blind, aid to the series appears in this BULLETIN. Al- with a total payroll of $39 billion, permanently and totally disabled, though vendor payments for medical earned an average of $812 in covered and aid to dependent children now in- care from general assistance funds employment. These totals represent clude all cases receiving money PaY- are excluded from the column for the gains of 3.2 percent, 8.3 percent, and ments, vendor payments for medical general assistance program, the total 4.9 percent, respectively, from those care, or both types of payments; they amount of such payments is included for the corresponding quarter of also show the total amount of assis- in the “total” column. Some States 1951; they were 1.1 percent, 8.3 per- tance, including money payments to report vendor payments for medical cent, and 7.1 percent higher than the recipients and vendor payments for care from general assistance funds on figures for July-September 1952. medical care (tables 18, 19, 20, and 21 a semiannual rather than a monthly Seasonal declines in January- in this issue). For the case counts the basis. “Total” payments in table 12, March 1953 reduced the estimated changes from those previously pub- as indicated in the footnote to the payroll 2.6 percent from the preced- lished are relatively small because table, include an estimated monthly ing quarter’s total to $38 billion, and few recipients aided under these pro- amount for such States. The “total” the average earnings per worker grams receive only vendor payments column also includes payments from dropped 2.5 percent to $792. In line, for medical care. Inclusion of vendor special medical funds administered however, with increases in employ- payments raises substantially total by assistance agencies in a few ment, hours of work, and wage rates, payments and average payments, States; inadditionitgivesanestimated these January-March totals were sub- however, in some of the States that amount for one State that reports stantially higher-11.8 percent and make vendor payments for medical semiannually on medical care pay- 4.8 percent-than those in the same care. ments from funds for the special types quarter of 1952. In previous issues of the BULLETIN of assistance. In the calendar year 1952, accord- the total and average amounts of National average payments, in- ing to preliminary estimates, 56 mil- vendor payments, and the average cluding vendor payments for medical lion persons received taxable wages payments including vendor payments care for the special types of public amounting to $118.7 billion - in- have been published for those States assistance, by month, October 1950- creases of 2.6 percent and 7.0 percent, reporting such payments from funds July 1953, are also shown in this respectively, from 1951. The average for the special types of public assis- issue (table 13). taxable wage of $2,120 was 4.4 per- tance. These tables will continue to be cent more than the average a year published (tables 14 and 15 in this earlier. These changes resulted in the issue). Table 15 has been expanded to main from the increase in business include the average money payment activity. An estimated 4 million per- for those States making vendor pay- sons reported taxable earnings from merits. Thus it will be possible for any-

16 Social Security